Okay, thanks everyone for joining the session here. It's, I see a few Asian face, so I'm a bit nervous about talking about this topic, typesetting with Kanji, because of course, it's not my native way of writing and reading. Yeah, so what I want to report about today is, what's the current, well, first of all, about specialities of typesetting with Kanji. I excuse me and myself, I mean, I know I'm in Taiwan, where they use traditional Hansi. I come from Japan. I'm used to Japanese typesetting rules. I will mostly talk about Japanese typesetting rules. I will mention Chinese rules. There's one reason for this, if you check the W3C consortium rules, the Japanese, the rules for Japanese typesetting the most specific compared to the others. So they are most strict and very detailed. And also one reason is because there's the biggest mixture of writing systems. Okay, so typesetting with Kanji, I will talk about these peculiarities with typesetting with Kanji, and then about integration of, as a tech, as a Japanese, well, CJK typesetting into tech life, and how tech life, and then, well, that means also in Debian because tech life is as is in Debian. Yeah, just to introduce myself, my company's, I'm working on completely different things. It's a CDN network in CDN company in Tokyo, but I'm also tech life maintainer of tech life and since many years now, and since I moved to Japan nine years ago, I was a member of the Japanese tech development community trying to improve the experience for users of CJK languages. Okay, what's the layout for today? It's like, first, as I said, I will discuss specialities of Japanese typesetting, especially, I mean, this applies not only for Japanese, I will, excuse myself, as I said, I will speak mostly about this, but in the same way applies to other systems, especially with mixing different writing systems like Roman letters and non-Roman letters, and grid typesetting, something which is very important in this system. Then I will go through the history of the P-tech family, probably most of you, unless you are somehow a typesetting aficionado from Japan, you will have never heard about this, is a tech engine that was developed already more than 20 years ago by Japanese company and then independently just to support the specific requirements of Japanese typesetting, and it recently became integrated into tech life. And then I will report just quickly on about the current status, what can actually be done. So, okay, that's the ideal. If you have an idea about what this is, this is one of the example of first moving letters, moveable types, long before Gutenberg in China, set perfect aligned, nice, I mean, of course, perfect aligned, but this would be the ideal in setting kanji, this is possible because every different kanji has the same dimension, so they are all set on the same dimension, that means all the line lengths are the same, but lines here are typically vertically, this is something, yeah, and so it would be a very nice grid. Reality looks much different. If you look into a typical Japanese text, you have a mixture of three writing, three to four writing systems, spacing is definitely not on a grid. There are lots of reasons why this happens and we will discuss this here, so we here see running Latin text in there, we see spacing marks, we have spaces up here, we have, here we don't have hanging punctuation, but we'll see examples later. So, it's also what you see is that Japanese is like traditional Chinese is set in two directions, so it's some, it comes later anyway. So, what are the reasons for this, that doesn't really work, unalignedness here, the reasons are why these letters here, if you look at the same, the first letter is true, and but other letters, they are not like on a nice grid as we have seen before, so what are the reasons for all this while there are lots of them? One is that, well, we have different writing systems, nowadays at least as we in Japanese four are used permanently, they are punctuation system that haven't been in the old times, punctuation system changed layout completely, then there are special rules that we also have in Latin type setting, it's like widows and orphans, it's like, just that it applies not to words, but to single characters, well, and then different type of development like hanging punctuation indentation, so there are a lot of reasons. So in Japan what is happening is we have four writing styles, so the normal ideographic symbols, kanji or hanji here, my favorite kanji actually one of the first I learned, all the Japanese have to know it, it's standardized in six years, it's the depression, it means because if you have to learn to write it, you get depressed, actually it's one of my favorite. Anyway, then this hiragana which is nowadays used for grammatical variants, so the main words, the main set up of words, also of the text is kanji and grammatical variants I expressed or well, with hiragana, katakana is used for, mostly for foreign words, often for scientific expressions and then we have romaji, so roman letters just mixed into the text, so these are mixed, actually for those just a bit interested in the history, it was not always like this, so when I read old mathematical papers in Japanese, it's the other way around, so in old papers, katakana was used for the running text and hiragana for foreign words, which looks nowadays completely strange, but well, that's reality and it's funny to read and so it has changed considerably over time. So what I mentioned before, there is also typesetting directions, I think, I don't know, as a mainland China, I know that there's practically no vertical typesetting anymore besides advertisement in some places, what I've seen in Taiwan, there are a lot of books that still set vertically, so there are two typical ways of typesetting text, the one is like what we western people are used to with roman is just from left to right, top to bottom and a book would be just like a normal book, but this is not the only way, actually, there's vertical typesetting and in Japan, most of the novels or everything that is not related to technically is set vertically and also from right to left, so you start here and you write in this direction and also books start from, well, in this direction. This extends also to, if you're e-book readers or something, then also there, you just tap on the other side just to block, so that's, since that is very common in Japan, I don't know how far this is in Taiwan, I just know from several trips to mainland China that there was a, that there it is hardly used anymore. Okay, so you have seen already examples of mixing Latin letters into the text, so there are a lot of ways to do this, actually I think on the first day already someone asked me, so how do you do this? So there are a lot of ways, so one way is if there are like three letter or a few letters, then you just place them when they are vertically, well, if it's horizontally, then it's easy, well, there's nothing to discuss when it's vertically, you just place them in the same line and standing upright and right in this direction. This is used for short abbreviation, but, sorry, for short abbreviation, but too long that they can fit horizontally. So this is one way that is commonly used. For longer words, this is the standard way, so you just turn the word to the right. Why is this possible? Because as in Japanese, as in any Western language, Roman letters, we don't, we read words, not letter by letter, but we read words by their appearance. Actually if you study a bit, you read words by one of the recognizing thing is the rhythm of up, so over, so the parts going above the part, so here and below the baseline. So this sim, so this makes it very easy to read short parts or short words or one, two, three words in this kind of type setting. For longer text, it would be completely impossible to, well, you have to turn, but well, for single words. There's another thing for very short, like distances is used for years, is that you put the numbers into like the frame of a kanji and fit it in, so this is very common writing style. So this is heisei when you just write the year in this style. I just mentioned here, so many of the information here, and this is also for those. Yeah, but it enters in my mouse, sorry. What should I do? Should I eat it? Why is this bad? So for those interested, the W3 has a very nice description of most of the problems here, and very detailed. This is not also for Japanese, also for Chinese, traditional and modern Japanese, traditional Chinese and simplified Chinese. There are three descriptions here that are very helpful for reading. If you want more details about this. So as I said, mixing the Roman letters, so the default, as I said before, in vertical typesetting is that you just turn it around. You see this is quite common stuff, and then while there is the spacing around this, if you're really into nice typesetting, then you care for what are the spaces here and there, at least in Japanese, there are clear rules. They are even standardized. How much space you should enter here between kanji and roman letter. So in tech vocabulary, this would be the size of a kanji letter, and here you put the so-called x kanji skip. I don't discuss now the internals of it, but yeah, for the tech implementation, there are a few more options here. If you want to stay to the grid type setting, then well, the idea is that this, you just fit the space around in the full kanji width in a way that, well, the number often fits exactly into the width. Normal Japanese fonts have, for example, numbers, but also all the letters in two variants in proportional, so that for normal roman and in this form that they are exactly the size of the kanji so that it can be used in this way without breaking the grid type setting. So what are the rules for punctuation?  I just want to give you a feeling, okay, there is a lot of, so to say, well, knowledge and requirements if you want to do proper type setting with this. So for example, the typical thing is after comma here or after punctuation marks, they are set on a half kanji width and then there should be another half width space. So there should be some opening and it should not be a full width, which often happens in type setting. So we see here and here and here and here. So these are the typical examples for after full stocks and commas half kanji width. Then, for example, if you mix in quotation marks, so these are typically roman quotation marks, these are not normed. So, okay, here, this is, for example, a roman quotation mark. This is not very common, this is not very common anyway. It's not very common in Japanese, but used, especially nowadays, Japanese have their own quotation marks. So also in this case, you add half a space between the surrounding kanji to just achieve proper spacing. And then there are things which are not common in Western type setting is a center dot, which should be set into the middle of the page. Okay, so what happens if it is not done, right? So in a text editor, most of the text editors don't support proper spacing. So what you would see, you would see a comma here and then like an opening bracket in Japanese. And then you have here a big wide open gap. The rules actually say that it should be only half a width and here we would have one half and another half so a full width open. So the correct output would be that. That is job of the type setting. So for example, for the Libre office, we hope that this somehow gets implemented. So how would this look like here? So that would be 10 kanjis in proper type setting, so in the full length. And if we add just parentheses, or the equivalent of parentheses here, then well, they have the same width. That is nice for grid type setting, but it's not what we expect in Japanese type setting. We don't want to see this because it's just too open. This is just incoherent. So if you have an idea about Roman typography, what you would see if you have a very uneven spacing on the page, you would see what is called in typography rivers going through the page because you have wide open between words, too wide open space, and that creates rivers of wide going through the page. This is also very, very as something that typographers book setters dislike a lot. And so they try to get rid of this. And this is a very similar reason here that we don't want this A open space here. So the rules is just here, half and here, a half in between of this, and that is definitely the proper way. About cliff widows and orphans. So if I come sample here, this character is just one overhang from a word that followed by a parenthesis. This is not really beautiful. So what normally is that here, we just shift one word further on or just put the whole next. So I mean, here, this is an opening bracket. This is very nice. It's all on the right, and here it's just hanging over. This is, if you know orphans and widows in Roman, this is the same just with single characters. You don't want a single word on the last line of a paragraph, or you don't want just one line of a paragraph hanging over to the next page. So these are very, very similar requirements to what there is in Japanese type setting. Line adjustments, well, it's like setting in block type, in Roman letters, it's a bit easier because we can't, well, it's not so easy, but we have the spacing between the words. It's a bit flexible in Latin type setting. So normally people don't recognize up to 5% of fluctuation between the spacing in the white words. In Japanese, because there is no space between words. So you have rather low flexibility. There is nothing you can really push. You cannot open up the space between two words easily to come on. So that would be a nice line that just finishes here because, yeah, well, that worked out. But for example here, because we have two punctuation marks, well, and that means one half space here and here, that we have an overhang here. So that is something which is not very recommendable. So you cannot print. It's the same like you will not see anything like this in a Latin book, in a book typed in a Latin script, unless it is by, right, it's not. So what is normally done that, for example, this space is a bit compressed and this space is compressed, this is one way that can be done. Here's another example that is very typically, you don't want the opening bracket here lonely on the line at the end, so you shift it over, but then you have too much space before. So well, then what is normally done that actually the space between the countries is a bit opened up. So in tech terms, for those who know though, there is a bit of glue that is extendable. It's very low because it just, it doesn't look right if it's too much extended. So if you move two characters over, this is already out. That doesn't look good anymore. Another line example here, so we had, for example here, we have two quotation marks and then you have, for example, these small characters, I don't explain them now what the meaning of these small characters is some catacana. They are a bit smaller, they are a bit subset and so they change also the spacing again and that means that things are quite complicated here. Here some space is extended actually that the line works out nicely here on this length side. Again, here we have two quotation marks, consecutive and here the space can be compressed. So there are a lot of tricks where type setting system, if they are really good, can get really high quality. So this is the ideal reality is unfortunately not completely. Just to mention a bit, the Chinese type setting rules. So yes, if you look at the W3C consortium recommendations for Chinese type setting, they are much, if you compare the Japanese and the Chinese, it's they are much more unspecific. They just say, yeah, well, they have the problem with this ever and something should be done. I was surprised that the Chinese rules are so lax I would say. So they are not very strict in this sense compared to the Japanese rules, which are actually ISO standards also. Okay, so that was a bit about what are the problems in type setting with Chinese. So this is standard what we have. So next is I want to history of the Pitech family. So this is part of the Pitech code, whatever the Pitech code is. Just for giving you all an idea about, so Pitech was an engine that was more than 25 years developed, an independent Pitech engine. And for the Japanese here, probably most of them remember the incantations here. I just tell you that every Japanese Pitech user patched the source code of Pitech, compiled its own Pitech engine, compiled all the font matrix and all the stuff and installed all this, each and every Pitech user up till 2010. It was when I came in October 2009 and in October 2009 I moved to Japan and in November 2009 I attended the first tech conference in Japan. I was like, no, no.  I mean if you compile Pitech of a normal machine, it takes probably an hour or something. And I guess there were so many compilation errors and problems so it was impressive. So what is this Pitech I'm talking about? So it was in 87, it was developed originally by entity called J-Tech. For those with a bit of history, we had J-Tech in Debian till I requested removal for five years ago or something. So that was the first support where they tried to, well, what was the problem? A Japanese font, like a Chinese font has on average like 20,000 characters, well, 10,000, whatever, and that doesn't work with the normal tech engine where the limit now, this is 256, so yeah, that was a bit of a problem, long before the introduction of Xetek and Luwatech. So they developed this independent in the same year, so Ascii Nihong as a company in Tokyo did the multi-pipe extension so that you can actually use Japanese encodings, so it was Shift-GIS from the beginning. Nowadays, most of them work also with UTF-8. In 90, the vertical type setting extension was added and it was named Pitech. The reason is what's called from publishing tech, so for publishing in Japan. In 93, the GIS standard came out, the Japan Industrial Standard for type setting. This is very close to what I mentioned before on the W3C page, but I cannot get the GIS standard because it costs too much money. Pitech was in 95, then re-based on tech 3.0 and there is also Pitech, so the late-tech format based on Japanese phones all kind of formats, so there is a long development history there. In 2003, I think one of the most commonly used package UTF to access arbitrary seed key glyphs in a font, which is common because there's this hand unification, many people don't like, and then there are many code points that are not easily accessible, so you want into a seed key font, you want this, especially for names in Japan that use sometimes quite complicated kanji. In 2006, Tsuchimura Sensei developed this Pitech, so based on Thomas Essertech, which was also a long time in Debian, he made all these patches that users can just patch the stuff to himself and then build all this. He switched later to Pitech Live after Thomas Essert stopped developing it anymore. Well, further steps, I think 2007, Tanaka Sensei introduced uptech, which is a unique code because Pitech was solely based on shift-chis encoding. There are further developments in 2008 and something, so what we have seen already most parts of it, it's a 16-bit extension, the first tech engine that supported this long before Xitech and Luretech. Nowadays, it supports various internal and output encodings. It has support for special kanji font metrics, so large number of screws on different layers, kerning all these kind of problems, inter-cliff spacing between Japanese and non-Japanese, so all these types, I presented before, so these problems with spacing, they were implemented in this engine. And line spacing, something like that. Okay, that was, as I said, till 2009, when I attended the Japanese Tech Conference, and I was, till then, already, since several years maintaining tech life upstream, also developing with CalBerry, and I said, no, that cannot be the future, that's forbidden. And I think it was, yeah, so 2009 at the Tech Conference, I heard this the first time, was shocked completely, and I said, no, that cannot be, and so 2010 in April, that was the start, I pushed with Kakuto Sensei Akira, so all the, not all the PTEC stuff, initially the basic engines into the tech life subversion, and that started quite some development. So, upcoming to Tech Life 2010, that was the first release that included PTEC, the engine, and JS Glasses from Okamura Sensei, so was released in June 2010, included most basic tech, Japanese tech support, that was not perfect, but okay, it was, people could just install tech life on like 15 different architecture and operating system combination from Windows, Mac, Solaris, iX, Alpha, whatever, with all kind of operating systems, without compiling themselves. 2011, I have, well, I have overslept somehow, in 2012, together with the Japanese Tech Group, we pushed up tech, so the Unicode version and EPE up tech, which includes the eTech extension, including other packages, all these main packages for, that are important for typesetting, yet OTF package, that's for the Accessing Arbitrary Cluth and Lua Tech GA, so like, which is the future, so in 2012, I would say it was the first time that there was complete support for CJK typesetting in Tech Life, so I will talk about CJK options later on, but that was the first time, and I just speak about upstream, but I'm also the package of the Debian packages, and we had, since 2009, we have Tech Life packages in Debian, first in parallel with T-Tech and now only Tech Life, so practically, no, practically everything that is discussed here is also one to one available in Debian. Later on, so in the following years, there's just normal package updates, we improved over the years a lot, especially for the fund support, fund support for not only Japanese funds, Chinese funds, so traditional and simplified, and Korean funds, integration with Ghoststrip, that we can set up Ghoststrip automatically, we integrated, well, a Japanese version of Metapost, that was in 2015, so it's nowadays, it has come down a lot, so it's normal development nowadays. So what are the status in other countries outside of China? So from my experience, and I hope that the non-Japanese CK here in the room can correct me, talking to them, most of people use Xitech and don't use anything else. Xitech is nice, it works nice, it relies on the fund providing the proper type setting, which is not necessarily available. If you use, for example, Japanese with Xitech, and you get the standard of normally, most people get the IPA funds, there would be, it would be not up to a standard, I would expect, I don't know enough about Chinese, I have to say, but I know that most Chinese, at least in mainland China, use Xitech just as is. Well, as I said, if you want specific layout features in with the Xitech engine, you need the proper support of the OTF funds, which is nowadays with the libraries we have, not so bad, but the problem is that the information in the OTF funds are not necessarily good. Over the last few years, actually, ABTECH, especially ABTECH, the Unicode variant has been picked up not only in Japan, well, Japan was, it was very common already, but also in Korea, China, in many places, because the problems are the same, and so it was picked up, and we have nowadays, for example, a lot of independent development support from the Korean side, and there is also a new development, just it was called Asian PTECH or PTECH-NG, unfortunately the Chinese developer has stopped doing anything, actually, I was just re-backing it, anyway. So generally the support from, it was originally everything Japanese, the support from non-Japanese languages has changed completely, so this is an example of a document in tech written without any common sequences, everything is typed as you see it here, with Russian, with Greek, check with all these languages, with umlauts in German, everything is typed as is in the tech source code, you just switch language with bubble and you get the output properly, so ABTECH is nowadays able to do all these kind of things plus vertical type setting, plus proper type setting for Japanese stuff. So what about the font support? So we have the first, it was called Jfonts, Japanese fonts, a package I started, and now it is developed together with all the other Japanese developers, it was just because PTECH, ABTECH, they don't go direct to PDF, they use, they go to DVI, and then use DVI, PDF, M, X, whatever, it's all the same nowadays, to import, to include your OTF fonts, true type fonts, OTF fonts, so what's the current status in, within Debian, within tech life, and that's also Debian because it's the same, so we have for Japanese, the IPN, the IPX fonts are both included in tech life and also in Debian, so they can be used straight ahead for type setting Japanese, we have support for these other fonts, Moga, Ume, they are free, you can install them, they are not included in tech life, and we have support for various commercial fonts, the Microsoft fonts, we have the U, Hiragino, Topampunkka, Kozaka, so for the Japanese, they will know all these names, these are all commercial fonts, or are provided, for example, like the U fonts are provided with Apple, with MacOS, so that's a great request for supporting these fonts. For simplified Chinese, we have the African Thunder fonts, both are included in tech life and installed, so you can, if you use XZX, XZX, XZXK, whatever you can types it immediately, simplified Chinese or traditional Chinese, the CJK uniforms are as far as, they are not included in tech life, so not in the packages, I'm not sure if they are packaged for Debian, they are free, and we have support for several other, again, the Microsoft fonts, Foundry, Founder, Commercial fonts, which, wow. Traditional Chinese, the situation is very similar to simplified, there are more commercial options from Adobe also, and for Korean, the Bekmong and Unfonts are included in tech life, and also in Debian, and we have support for the usual commercial fonts from Microsoft, Apple and Adobe, so all these, the commercial support is not included in tech life, well, actually we merged it, even out of tech life, tech life has in principle the policy to follow the SFS guidelines, or even the DFSG guidelines with a few exceptions, where I always punch again the fundamentalists in Debian, but anyway, so we removed, so the support for the fonts is free, it's open source, but we don't include it in tech life because it's only support for commercial products, we don't include it in tech life, and so it's also not included in Debian, but can be easily installed, it's just a few list of files to be installed. Okay, very short, because most people don't know this, so font embedding is configured in a certain program, it's called Update Map, and there are nowadays that it's a long time that has changed now since three years or something, especially embedding configuration for languages, J.A. for Japanese, simplified Chinese, traditional Japanese and Korean, so all these fonts can be embedded, defined for each of these classes, you can define which font you want to embed, or you can say no embed and let the viewer choose the fonts, which is also very common. For Japanese who are interested, there is also the Gist 2004 variant, can you choose which changes some of the font as of the kanji? And there's a script for automatically setting up or allowing you to easily configure font embedding for the fonts there. Okay, so more or less at the end, so what's the current status? So Japan in Japan, so in the Japanese, there's a Japanese tech developer group, you can find on TechGP, we have our own mirror of tech life, we have our own extra tech life repository for testing release, for commercial stuff. Development is most before like up to like a few years ago, it was all in private repositories on private websites. I have with this creation of the Japanese tech developer community, we have now moved everything to GitHub, everything you can follow there, you can join and help those who are interested, or everything has also finally gotten consistent uploads to Zetan, which was one of the big problems in the initial years, like 10 years ago, because Japanese developers had the tendency not to upload to Zetan, because I don't know why. Anyway, so that has changed completely, I'm very happy about this. So I would say from the Japanese side, it is now really like optimal. I mean, one reason is that of course, I'm a tech life maintainer, so I have a good bridge between this and can care for integration. On the Korean side, we had the big tech user group conference in Tokyo in 2013, there were a lot of Korean participants, and I somehow managed to convince them also to contribute their development to tech life. They are up to then, they had their own repository, everything independent, often hard to access. This has changed, it is now everything in upstream tech life, in collection, in TBM package it would be tech life, long Korean. So practically all the requirements for Korean type setting are also included nowadays in tech life. For Chinese, I have to say, I have never heard any request from any Chinese, neither on a mailing list nor privately. Okay, I don't know. Maybe they are just happy with Xitech and everything is fine. So that's the current status we have in tech life, and that means also in TBM. I didn't put a slide here, I forgot actually, I wanted to mention here before what the future is. The future moves very strongly to Lua tech, it's an extension of the tech engine with Lua as an embedded interpreter. So there are hooks into the type setting system of tech. With Lua it is already used a lot in context, in some other type setting system, and there is a package Lua tech GE that is now I use on a daily basis for our reports. It is excellent. You get direct PDF output. You can use all the fonts and it because just to use Lua for the requirement complex parts and command. This is in tech life since 2015, a heavy development permanently improving. So I recommend everyone interested in Japanese type setting to look at this package. Okay, that's all from my side. Thanks for your attention, and I'm open to question, suggestion, and criticism from more experienced people than me. Thanks a lot. I have two questions. One is, is there a best practice starting point for a correct type setting in Japanese with tech? And the other question is, how's the support of the Sazanami fonts, respectively the wine, Linux, fork of it, VGothic, Sazanami, and VGothic? Okay, the first question, I mean I wrote a blog about type setting in Japanese with tech, very simple. I thought this is something I didn't want to do here. I didn't want to do a tutorial how to write simple stuff where I discuss like encoding problems and what you write. I think the best practice is read, just take the Lua tech GE documentation and make a simple file with use package, one of the Lua tech classes, Lua tech GE classes, and then you get everything for free, more or less.  Everything running out of the box on Debian, on any tech life installation is my recommendation if you want to start type setting in Japanese. If you want to go to vertical type setting, then it's probably still better to use P-tech up-tech, which makes it, but it's still not complicated. But for a start, I recommend Lua tech GE because it is so smooth and easy to use for type setting. The other, no support. No, I don't know. Probably can load them and see if it works. So you can use C-tech of course and load the font. You can use Lua tech to use, to load an arbitrary font. I have no experience with it. I don't know what would come out of it. But I'm doubtful about the quality of the fonts. So, but that doesn't mean you cannot use it. I'm quite, if it's a normal TTF font or something as far as I remember, actually I used it for a Garmin device to hack a Garmin device, so I should know it. But it's a long time ago.  Just you recommended Lua tech for things. So I use, I don't do a lot of CJK stuff, but just for personal hobby stuff, I often use sort of multiple character sets. And one of the nice things about Z-tech is that you can have it select the font automatically by the code block. I haven't figured out a way to do that with Lua tech yet. Is there a way to do that? I cannot answer. I believe there is, but I wouldn't guarantee you. But you meant by, it's all UTF, but it's by different Unicode code block, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's what you meant. It's not different in coding, but different UTF, but it's a code block in there. It's all UTF-8, and you load, so instead of Babel with Polyglossia, they'll say what the languages are, and then. I believe there is a way. I would have to check it out. I think there is, but yeah. As I said, I cannot guarantee. But it's true, this is a nice feature. Selecting fonts automatically based on the Unicode language block. This is a nice feature, I agree. Okay. Thank you for a good presentation. I was, all tech users, so I remember about Omega Project. Oh. Oh. So I, is that, I Googled about it, so it has close to the three parts are integrated to Lua Techs. So I can, I can explain you the whole story. So John Blaise and Yanni Harambolo developed Omega. I actually, I remember the first time I came to Japan in 2001 as I was invited to the conference of mutual utilization because I wrote support in Omega for writing Tibetan. I studied Tibetan at university, and I wanted to write Tibetan just right ahead in my editor. And so I wrote support. So Omega had two, two interesting extension. The one was, it allowed very free definition of the typesetting direction. So you could freely, I mean, which was never used in this generality, but you can see start at the top, then go to the left or right, or start at the bottom and then go up or left. And then you can also, so you can specify where this is and you can also see the character should be turned or should not be turned, so TLT. So that was a very nice idea. That was included into Luwatech. I think that you can use this direction in the same vein. The other big part of Omega was they had a finite state automaton plugged into the input. So you could write, it was called Omega translation process. So you could write more or less a finite state like a grammar that translates stuff. So I used it for typesetting Tibetan because you have to reorder a lot of stuff that you get the right glyphs. That has not been carried over to Luwatech because there are better ways now because we have now Luwa as a plug in there. So you can do the same thing in Luwa and it is done. So for example, if you look at Devanagari typesetting or Tibetan support, nobody has written it because I don't have time, but the Nagari typesetting there is support for it because it is very important in India. So there you also have, you have to switch character, especially when you input in Romanized letters, then you have to switch the stuff around that you get the right order of the letters in the Sanskrit, in the Nagari. So that is done nowadays in Luwa. So this part of this Omega translation process was not carried over. So these were the parts that were carried over into Luwatech. In addition, Omega project died. Both John and Yanni just stopped developing. John moved on to completely different things. It was later picked up in a different engine. It's called Aleph. I'm not sure if you've heard this. Aleph is still included in Tech Life. Aleph is, so to say, a fixed Omega with a bit improvement. Who was it? It was an Italian who, I forgot the name, sorry. And there is also a format for it. There is also Lamet, which is, well, it's just all Hebrew letters. So Lamet for the Luwatech format. So you still can use, if you still have all documents that uses Omega translation process, you can still principally use them with Aleph and Lamet. They are in Tech Life, they are all included. But there is no development going on. Nobody's interested anymore. Because, well, it was a very nice idea and worked for a long time quite nicely. It is now superseded, I would say. Interesting, thank you. Well, if there are no further questions, we are at zero. I was just indicated zero. No, actually one minute, so one last question. If not, then. Thanks a lot for the attention. And anyway, if you have any questions or problems with typesetting, I mean, I get often from the DBN documentation team, I get requests about problems when typesetting doesn't work out. Because actually, this is a nice thing on the DBN typesetting documentation because they request a lot of features and a lot of languages and a lot of translations that means there is, well, we have to keep up with this. This is very nice. And so if there are any questions, requests, wishes. Actually, my biggest request is actually to the Taiwanese and Chinese here. In the hope that I hear wishes from them because I want to improve support for them if there is something to improve. I mean, I cannot do something out of the bags. Okay, thanks a lot to everyone.


Hi everybody, Andrea here. So I have been a teeth-winding technician for almost 19 years now. I was a dental assistant. I'm now a dental hygienist. I whiten teeth as a teeth-winding technician and I even have my own mobile dental hygiene practice where I clean teeth in people's homes and I offer teeth-winding too, of course. But what has always been the way is people coming to me, people emailing me, messaging me saying I wanna open up my own teeth-winding business but I'm not allowed to, this person says this, we're only allowed to do this in my state, we're only allowed to go to the dental office, like what's the big deal, what's happening? So the problem with that is, yes, you might have certain laws, but guess what? Somebody down the street or somebody downtown is probably offering teeth-winding. They're making a great living, they have a great business, they're making great money and you're like, oh my goodness. So I'm not allowed to do it but then why is this person allowed to do it? So let me explain why there's such a big deal around it, why you do have to be careful but I'm also going to explain why nearly anybody can be a teeth-winding technician even if you think in your state you can't but I'm going to tell you why, okay? So please stick around. So basically there is a big hoopla about it because think about it, you don't want this random person down the street to start their own teeth-winding business and they haven't taken any infection control courses. They don't put two and two and two together like, oh, maybe I should wear gloves, maybe I should wear a mask because I'm going to be working in somebody's mouth. Maybe those cheek retractors that I put in the mouth I shouldn't use on every single person, can you imagine? Or maybe when I'm working inside somebody's mouth applying those peroxides, that brush that I used to apply the peroxides on, oh, I'm okay to use that in everybody's mouth, right? As long as I disinfect it with like Lysol or something that's the thing. You might be listening to me and saying, oh my God, that sounds horrible. Do people really think like that? People probably do think like that. That's why there has to be laws in place that not just anybody can start their own business. Not just anybody can be inside the mouth because you can make somebody sick if for example somebody's not taking the medical history, they're using cheek retractors on somebody who has a communicable disease or any disease and maybe they just wash the cheek retractors with soap and water even and then they're putting it in the mouth of somebody else. Well, that's not good enough. That's not going to disinfect. That's not going to kill certain bacteria that needs to be killed. Anyway, I'm not here to scare people but this is why there's so many issues around is teeth whitening legal where I live. If you take an infection control course such as you learn about why we wear masks, why we wear gloves, why we have to wash our hands, why certain items are disposable, certain items you can sterilize but are you gonna buy a $10,000 sterilizer? Probably not. You need to learn these things so you understand why you're throwing out certain items and then why certain items can be disinfected such as the shade guide. When we check the shade of the teeth we don't have to throw that out. We just simply wipe it with disinfectant because it's not going inside the mouth. You're not even touching it to the tooth. You're just kind of like placing it over here. I wish I had the shade guide to show you but I didn't think ahead. So certain things can be disinfected and certain things have to be thrown out but that's another thing. Do you disinfect with soap and water? No, it has to be medical wipes, medical disinfecting wipes. All of this you learn inside a course. Once you learn all of this inside a course not only the infection control side of things but also how to do teeth wining, how to work with chemicals, which is the peroxides, right? Peroxides are chemicals you guys, I'm sorry, but they are. We're applying peroxides to the teeth that can burn the gums, that can burn the lips if you're not careful. This is why you have to take a course and then when you're certified as a teeth wining technician, this means you have passed everything you need to pass to be safe and effective for your clients.  I mean, that's an extreme example but sorry, I burned the lip off. I didn't know what I was doing. Well, guess what? You are certified as a teeth wining technician. That's on you then, if you forgot that class or if you just, you know, we have to take responsibility. We have to take accountability but that also means anybody can open up their teeth wining business because teeth whitening isn't regulated. It's simply not. You can't start cleaning teeth. That is something different, that is regulated. There are associations. There's no teeth whitening association. I might not be explaining it properly but anybody can open up their teeth wining business as long as you've taken classes, you are certified and you're doing it safely and effectively for your client. And this is also because anybody can buy peroxides off of Amazon, off of anything online. But guess what? They're not going to be safe peroxides. So they're going to buy it themselves, put it on themselves and they're probably going to hurt themselves because people can sell anything over the counter these days, it's very, very sad. But what you want is an FDA approved teeth wining product. That's what you get through taking courses. So even if you're doing the teeth wining on yourself and then you start doing it on other people, you know you are working with a good product that is FDA approved. You've been trained to apply it and you can help other people. A little side note, those states that are very specific and say that you can perform the teeth wining if the client does it themselves.  Nobody's going to pay you. They don't know what they're doing. It's so much safer for you who's trained to assist them in doing it and to do it for them. Is the patient going to tell on you because you did the whitening themselves? You helped them do the whitening or are they going to tell on you if you make them do the whitening themselves and they burn their gums everywhere because they don't know what they're doing? Look at the different scenarios. Please reach out to me if you have any questions you guys but this is why and it's very exciting to have your own teeth wining business. So don't let other people do it and you're kind of sitting on the sidelines going, well, they can do it but I'm gonna, I read something somewhere that I can't but they can do it. Well, they can do it because they're probably trained and certified. If they're not, they should really get in trouble because you do have to be careful, right? But keep in mind, if they're hurting clients in a way where they're burning the lips and gums, guess what? The clients aren't going to go back to them. They're going to seek somebody else, right? So you being trained, certified, I don't just teach you guys how to whiten the teeth safely and effectively and infection control courses. I teach you guys how to run a successful business too. I teach you guys how to get clients, how to market, how to advertise. I talk about business cards. I talk about social media.  I offer full support for life. So if you take a course with the Whiting Pro Academy, you're not left on your own. You can literally have my support for life. We have a group on Facebook where we can all talk together if you ever have questions or need anything. So, and I've been doing this for 19 years so I can definitely help you and I want you guys to succeed. This is truly my passion is helping other people start their own businesses because it's the best thing that I've ever done and who doesn't want their teeth whitened. You're helping so many people. You get paid very, very well, depending on where you're located. It could be $100 per person or $200 even depending on the additional things you offer. So you can get paid very well. You can have your own hours, the whole work. So this is truly the best thing. The best thing is to have your own teeth wining business and get started now. Not later. You're the only one stop yourself from having such a happy life as corny as that sounds and having a very happy successful business and helping other people. You know, when their teeth are whiter, they feel better, they look better. They're more confident. So you're helping other people too. So you guys, I hope this helps to clear everything up. Let me know if any questions. I am always here to help. Comment below and I'll talk to you guys soon. The whitening pro academy enrollment is now open. You can go to www.whiteteethschool.com. Link is down below and reach out to me if you need anything. Thank you guys and have a great day.


Meeting planners, if one of your biggest stresses and frustrations is meeting your hotel room block, I may have some ideas that will help your delegates book-book within your host hotel block. Let's look at some best practices today. It's Leanne and each and every day Stephen and I work with our clients to ensure that their hotel contracts have enough flexibility so that they can meet or exceed their hotel room block without falling into attrition. And often it's a guessing game as to how many room nights a client is going to need for their program. Yes, history can help, but when a program moves around, especially from destination to destination, it can often be a struggle to figure out exactly where that sweet spot is for how many guest rooms you need on each evening. And one of the biggest frustrations that meeting planners face now is with discount sites like Travelocity and different Airbnb options around hotels, they can find they lose delegations to things outside of their hotel. And that of course impacts them negatively and could potentially put them into attrition. So today we're going to talk about some strategies on how to encourage your delegates to not only book within the block, but show them how it's in their best interest to do so, and of course will help your association. We're going to look at some tips as well as some incentive tricks that will get them to do that. So here we go. Tip number one, ease of registration. Make sure that all of your reservation methods are crystal clear and that when they're registering for their event, it's a logical path to purchase to get to the hotel section and book their hotel room. By making things easy for them, it'll discourage them from trying to find other avenues for booking their hotel room. Tip number two, offer an early bird prize to those who book at your host hotel. It can be as simple as a spa gift certificate, maybe one of the upgrades that you negotiated during your contract negotiations, something that'll incentivize them for staying at the host hotel. Tip number three, ensure you communicate any registration changes to your host hotel as well. Loop them into the conversation about how housing is going to look on your end and they may be able to help you as well with ease of online links, social media soundbites, whatever it is that you're going to need to communicate it clearly back to your delegates. Tip number four, review all marketing opportunities with your host hotel. So looking at when reservation due dates are going to fall, any early birds that you want to set in your conference registration, review all of that with your hotel so that you're all on the same page about when you'll see spikes in reservations and when you should start to look at pickup reports in history. And that leads us into tip number five, review your pickup often. Now, if you're a client of Stephen and I's, we do this as well. And we also advise you on where you may be falling short compared to years previous, where you may be picking up really healthy and might have to get more guest rooms. So that's part and parcel of our services as well. But just ensure that you're reviewing the pickup regularly starting at about four to five months out from your conference. Tip number six, education. Most of our delegates are not familiar with the meetings industry and the impact that them staying outside the host hotel has on our obligations to our hotel contract. So it's a simple education piece. It could be as simple as outlining what the risk is to the association if they stay away from the host hotel or as elementary as the goals and objectives of your event to have people stay in the host hotel and network after the learning day is over and keep those conversations going. So include an education piece and you may see yourself with more delegates staying at your hotel. Tip number seven, a robust social media strategy. So reach your delegates where they are at and remind them to book their room at the hotel. Include all those reminders about the early bird incentives. Include links where they can go and easily book their hotel room. Create a strategy that can start as far out as a year in advance up to two weeks before your conference about how your host hotel is an integral part of their meeting. Some other quick incentive trips that you might want to use. You can discount their conference registration if they're booking at the host hotel, perhaps for the current conference or even for the conference next year. You can provide a spa gift certificate or any other kind of gift basket or upgrade to incentivize them. Perhaps those who stay at the host hotel will have waived resort fees as opposed to those who book through a third party. And finally, if you have time, perhaps host a small pre-conference reception for those who are staying at the host hotel. I'm sure I've missed some really good tips and tricks on how to get people to stay at the host hotel. If you have any tips and tricks you want to share with the community, please share them below this video. I hope these tips have helped you meet or exceed your current or future room blocks with your host hotels. To learn more about our complimentary services and how we help meeting planners mitigate their risk in their hotel contracts, connect with us here or check out our website at conferencesource.net. Thanks for watching this week's video and we will see you next time. Bye for now.


From the heart of the jungle comes a savage cry of victory. This is Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle. From the black core of dark Africa, land of enchantment, mystery and violence comes one of the most colorful figures of all time. Transcribed from the immortal pen of Edgar Rice Burroughs. Tarzan, the bronzed white son of the jungle. And now in the very words of Mr. Burroughs, the story of Ghost of the Karmiki. Even those of us who have visited Africa's teeming cities find it difficult to recapture them in our minds once we are back in civilization. It's even hard to believe that certain places really exist, though we've seen them with our own eyes. The fantastic slave mart and the outskirts of Tarak, for example. Unfortunately, it does exist. A barbaric open-air market where humans are auctioned off like cattle or donkeys or camels. Before the auction begins, you may inspect the goods to be sold. Lift up a chin to examine the eyes and face. Feel a muscle. Proud of back that may soon be bent to your labor. Prices today range from the American equivalent of about $15 to $150. And the bidding is usually spirited. His clothes. Twenty riyadh for this fine young boy who is capable of much heavy work. You have made the fine purchase. Alalala. Prize of our collection, this beautiful young native girl. Turn around so the multitude may see you. Notice the clear light color of her skin. The beauty of her face and form. She will make someone a fine wife or a dancing girl. I invite you for speed. It is an insult to bid such a paltry sum. She is but 17 years of age. Freshly brought from the jungle. Never before held in slavery. I see the symbol for 200 riyadh. But you do well to bid such a price. Shagraseem bin Amoud. Is there further bidding? And that concludes the auction for the... What do you want? Oh, yes. Kind people. I almost overlooked one black who is yet for sale. You, get up on the auction block quickly. Yes, master. I climb up quickly. Do not call me master. I would not own such a miserable specimen of the human race. My friends. I offer this black for quick sale. If you have the food to fatten him up, he may develop into an adequate fieldhand. I invite the first bid. I recognize the gesture of the alafine of the province of Mayowo. One riyadh has been bid. I invite the second bid. You need not come forward with your bid, stranger. Just raise your fingers indicating your offer, and I shall go. I am not bidding for the man, for I do not believe in slavery. I come forward to challenge your right to sell a black whose forehead does not bear the mark of a slave. The incision will be placed there soon. We will now proceed with the auction. You will not sell this man. He wears the necklace of the karmiki, a token that marks him as a member of the bravest tribe in the entire jungle. No karmiki has ever been a slave. Until now. I do not know who you are, but I warn you not to delay our auction. We operate with the full permission and cooperation of the alafine of the province. And should you attempt to interfere, your lot would not be a pleasant one. Your threat does not frighten me. I refuse to let you watch. You see, should you attempt to interfere, not only would you be forced to face the authorities, but you would also have to face the anger of all those assembled here. I might suggest that if you have interest in this handsome black, you bid for him, like the others. All right, I bid the entire content of my purse. 100 riyals. And what is the name and the title of the wealthy potentate who pays 100 riyals for a most ordinary fieldland? I am Tarzan, lord of the jungle. And it is my belief that no man is ordinary, saved by his own actions. You, Mr. auctioneer, are the most ordinary man I have met in many moons. It may surprise you to know that I am a man of strange talents and accomplishments. With the payment of the money for the slave, we shall be even on that transaction. You shall not settle the account for the insult so easily. You need not tremble, Najugi. We should be quite safe in this hut. Who is owner of hut? An Englazer, a government official just as much opposed to slavery as I am. This hut is on his estate, and we have his permission to remain here until you're well enough to leave Tarak and travel to the land of your people. Tarzan, not kick Najugi a slave? No, Najugi. I bought you so that I could return you to your people. Tarzan, send Najugi back to Karmiki? I shall take you back.  It's true. Najugi not able to reach land of Karmiki. Well, you'll feel a lot better in a few days if you sleep well and eat the food our host provides. You know, you hardly ate a bite of the food he sent for our dinner. Tarzan, not eat. I'm unable to eat the food of the cities, but you must have been away from the jungle for a long time. Three years. But that's why Najugi thin and weak, not like food of city. Two hungry men and neither of us can eat. You know what I'm going to do, Najugi? I'm going into the forest at the edge of the city and find some fresh meat for us. Would you like that? The deal. Tarzan, get fresh meat. And you must sleep until I get back. You didn't rest. That's what you need, Najugi. The deal. Sound like you're ready for sleep already. The deal. Najugi much tired. Najugi lay down on a straw pallet that Tarzan had prepared in a corner of the hut and almost before his frail body had touched the makeshift bed, his eyes were closed and he had begun to breathe deeply. Tarzan watched him for a moment and then he slung his bow and a quiver of arrows over his shoulder and left for the forest that skirted the city. But almost before Tarzan was out of sight, Najugi had jumped up, gathered his few simple belongings and almost ripped the door of the hut from its fiber hinges as he ran out. He ran almost the entire length of the city, ran until he had reached the imposing house that stood behind the slave market. He knocked impatiently at the door and when it had swung open, he hurried in his side. Well, I thought I had seen the last of you Najugi. Najugi, run away. You fled from your new master already. The deal. What do you expect me to do with you? Sell me again, a slave. I have sold you once. I cannot offer you again. There are official records kept. Then change Najugi's name. But sell him. Perhaps I have a better idea. One that will accomplish your purpose and mine. I would dearly like to avenge the insult I received at Tarzan's hands. And perhaps I may be able to do so through you. We'll return to our story of Tarzan in just a moment. You did not know me in my disguise, Najugi? With small beard and wax mustache. You look like foreign sorry. So I look the part of a Frenchman. I can also sound like one. I am so sorry, Mr. Tarzan. I have not the remotest idea why your slave has gone. Yes, I can fool the lord of the jungle. Only this time I shall only be practicing. My couriers tell me he is on the way here. You not let him find me. No, Najugi, that will defeat my plan. You will be perfectly safe in the underground passageway where I'll hide other slaves who must not be found. That must be Tarzan now. Go through this doorway into the hiding place. Madio, Najugi hide from Tarzan. Bonjour, monsieur. I am looking for the auctioneer from the slave market. I was told he lives here. Oui, monsieur. This is your residence of the commissaire-presor, but he has left the city. When will he be back? He will be gone. Now you say indefinitely. Perhaps there is something I can do. I am looking for a runaway slave by the name of Najugi. You are welcome to search the premises, but you will find no runaway slave here. Tarzan did not penetrate the clever disguise of the crafty slave auctioneer nor did he find the strange-acting Najugi. For the next week, the jungle lord searched the city of Tarak, but nowhere was there a trace of the lost karmic-y native. Still, there had been no sign of a struggle in the hut, so perhaps Najugi had merely doubted Tarzan's intentions and had fled into the jungle. Perhaps by this time, he had already reached his home. And so at the end of the week, Tarzan plunged into the jungle, and after four days, he reached the karmic-y crawl. A celebration was going on, and Tarzan rejoiced at the sounds of it. Surely it must mean that the people were celebrating the return of one they believed dead. Bolekko! Bolekko! Tarzan! Oh, nothing's fine. Tarzan here for feast and ceremony. Then he has returned, Bolekko. Returned? Who Tarzan? The karmic-y native I found in Tarak. Oh, no karmic-y return from Tarak. Oh? I thought that was the reason for the celebration. I have feast and dancing for Bolekko's wedding. He married up with beautiful Mai. Oh, I'm most happy for you, Bolekko, but my mind is troubled over the disappearance of the karmic-y I found at the slave auction. I intended to... Mai! Mai! Tarzan here! Lord of jungle, come to our wedding. Oh, you certainly picked a beautiful bride, Bolekko. Jambo Mai! She did not talk to you. It's taboo for her talk to any man until she bride a Bolekko. Bolekko is next chief. Mai, Sunday be queen. When is the marriage? Tomorrow. Tonight Mai go to forest of brides. Bolekko go to temple of warriors. When Kuda, the son, bride in heaven, married ceremony begin. He is much drinking food for all of tribe. If only that poor thin one could be here. Bolekko, how did Najugi happen to leave the village? Najugi? Yes, that's the name of the karmic-y who was sold to me as a slave. I started to tell you about it when Mai joined us. Bolekko, not no karmic-y by name Najugi. But he couldn't be more than a few years older than you. You must have played together as children. No karmic-y name Najugi. Mai is looking at you strangely. Are you telling me the truth, Bolekko? His truth. Come Mai, I take you to women. They prepare you for vigil in forest of brides. She's trembling. What is it Mai? Was it the name Najugi? Yes, she shudders each time I say the name. Who is Najugi? And why do you deny that he's a member of your tribe? He's not member of tribe. Bolekko, not remember anyone by that name. Bolekko for some strange reason was lying. Tarzan knew it. Najugi had worn the karmic-y necklace about his scrawny neck as he stood on the auction block in Tarak. He must be a member of the tribe. But not a single warrior nor a woman of the tribe could be persuaded to utter a word concerning the missing native. Tarzan's only hope of unraveling the mystery lay in the ancient witch doctor whom he had known since he was a small boy. We've known each other for many years. I'm counting on you to tell me the truth. Which doctor tell truth to white brother? What Tarzan want know? Was there ever a native of the village whose name was Najugi? Nadio. I knew it. How long since you left the village? Najugi gone from us Miaka Tattoo. Three years? Yes, he said he'd been gone from the jungle three years. But why do the others of the tribe refuse to admit that he ever lived here? His custom of jungle people. I don't know what you mean by that. Tell me, why did Mai tremble at the mere mention of his name? Mai never liked Najugi, though he chose her as bride when she still child. She always afraid him. I see. And is that why Boleko became angry when I pressed him for information about Najugi? Boleko always hate him also. Maybe is because Najugi older. Boleko think Najugi become chief. He know his brother be bad chief. They're brothers? They were brothers.  We'll return in just a moment to our story of the ghost of the Karmiki. Not far from the Karmiki village, two men walked early along an abandoned elephant trail. One was Najugi the native who had died three years before. The other was a red-bearded white man dressed in the traditional garb of a diola trader. Of the two, the black man was the most weary and presently he faltered and half fell to the ground. Are you really that tired, Najugi? Or is it another attack of cowardice? Maybe it's both. Najugi is afraid. I've told you you have nothing to fear.  Tell Najugi how you can be many men, all different, and how you can be so clever. Essentially I'm an actor, a good one. I can be an Arab, a trader, and an auctioneer of slaves. Also I can portray a Frenchman, a man who is cultured and bon vivant. Or I can be a pack peddler. Or anything else I choose, Najugi. Why are you not actor on stage? I was on the stage, but it did not always confine my characterizations to the theater. And though my aliases and my disguises were many, it is no longer safe for me in civilized countries. The police of a dozen nations are itching to get their hands on me. No, my life wouldn't be worth much if I went back. If Karmiki find Najugi, he also die. You're not going to die, Najugi. You're going to have that little girl you always wanted for a wife. You're going to get that job as chief of the tribe. And you're going to make those Karmikis so scared they'll be afraid to cross you in anything you ever say or do. What magic make this come through? The magic of Vanette, the magnificent. Oh yes, I was once a magician too. The best magic hats of its day. Light of hand, card tricks, feats of magic and legidemain. Occult readings and hypnotism. The wonders of the celestial world brought to you by Vanette, the magnificent. You are Vanette this time? No, on this occasion I'm simply Billy Blossom, a humble pack peddler from Nairobi. You will perform the feats of magic this time, Najugi. Now let's get going. Things are going to happen in the village of the Karmiki. And things did happen. Less than an hour later, she was screaming from the forest of brides. Forgetting the taboos, she babbled incoherently about evil demons and the spirits of the dead. Hysterical, she was carried to the hema of her parents. A solemn conclave was held about the ceremonial fire and the witch doctor uttered strange incantations and prescribed a mystical cure. What is wrong with your bride, Buleko?  I see. And what has the witch doctor prescribed? Wedding cannot take place for three moon now. Ma'i must climb sacred mountain. Very hard of chicken and deep pit at top of mountain. Also put in hole, sharp stick from a god-soul tree, black rock of sharp hedge, fang of snake. But why must she do this? If Ma'i see demon, it mean her heart not pure. Cannot be bride unless she make pure. Chase ghost of dead. I'm curious, Buleko. Whose ghost did she see? Grandfather who'd dead before Ma'i born. Najugi who'd died three years ago. I can't explain Ma'i's story that she saw the ghost of a grandfather she never knew, but if she saw someone who looked like Najugi it may well have been him. He's no spirit, but a man who was alive. No, none Najugi dead. Buleko kill him. Kill him and bury his body deep. Burying Najugi with his own hands. Even two thousand witch doctor cannot tell dishonorable tribe. But you must surely know by this time that I am your friend. You deal, you are friend. Then tell me the story of Najugi's supposed death. I mean you no disrespect, but perhaps there's a simpler method of removing the evil from Ma'i's heart than sending her alone to a dangerous mountain top. His only way? She see ghost of grandfather and of Najugi. Why did Buleko kill his brother and why was he not punished for it? Punished Buleko for saving honor of chief's family? How did he do that? Men of tribe hold shory. Decide kill Najugi for steel ivory from secret cave of Karmiki people. If warriors kill family of chief in disgrace so Buleko take Najugi in woods. Kill, bury him. When brother take his life, honor of family is saved. I see. But of course it's possible that... Witch doctor, why do you stare at me that way? What's the matter? Knives stick out of Tarzan's body. What? Knives sticking out of my body? Flames come from Tarzan's mouth.  Tarzan, it is Narogi. The magic that kills? Really I thought you were one person in the tribe of... Where are you going? Tarzan be witch. Tarzan Mugilo is trouble. He run from Tarzan. I guess I'll never learn that these native witch doctors are... All crazy. I found it out years ago. Who are you? Where did you come from? I came in as the old bird lit out. My name's Billy Blossom, pack peddler from Nairobi. Been traveling all day and half the night to get here. Well, you've chosen a poor time to visit the Karmiki. I thought I'd sell them lots of fancy doodos for the Shindig. Shindig? The wedding. The wedding's been postponed and I doubt the Karmikis are in a mood for buying either pots and pans or trinkets. Perhaps you'll have better luck in the next crawl. Well, it's too darn late to start out again. Now you think I could bunk somewhere in this village? I'm sure you can. Forgive me if I leave you now. There's something in the forest that I must shoot. Sure, sure, run right along. I'll make out all right without you. Why Tarzan make Boleko come into a forest of brides? Because I think we'll find things here that will prove that what my saw weren't either ghosts nor demons. Look, it's footprints of demons. Perfectly round impressions in the soft earth. They're imprints of animals' claws, the marks of men's bare feet nor the indication of shoes or boots. It's footprints of ghosts. Boleko, neither in the folklore of civilized countries nor in the fantastic stories of the jungle have I ever heard of ghosts who leave tracks. I see marks go in each direction. So those who left them either came from the Karmiki village or were on their way there. They tied something round to their feet so that we could not tell which direction they were traveling. Boleko, I shall follow the marks that go deeper into the jungle. You follow those that go toward the crawl. Tarzan waited until Boleko was out of sight and then he took to the upper level of jungle growth and shadowed the Karmiki youth, remaining but a quarter mile behind him. Boleko had little trouble following the round footprints that led straight to the village. But when Boleko entered his beloved crawl, he found it greatly changed. His proud Karmiki warriors grumbled about the ceremonial fire. The witch doctor, whom he'd always respected, stood bowed and subservient. The women of the tribe, including my, stood transfixed with fear. And in the center of the circle, controlling them with his hypnotic eyes, stood a man with a red beard and the garb of a pack peddler. But it was not the white man, but the amacheated black at his side who commanded Boleko's attention as he walked into the council ring. It's all not you, dear. I promise, Tommy, you'll come back. Come back to claim Mahi as wife and become chief of tribe. Well, Boleko should have killed you. He made a mistake when he let you go and tell others you're dead. Boleko, look at me. Look deeply into my eyes. Look at the light from the fire that shines there. I am your master. You will not harm N'Jugi. No, not harm N'Jugi. You will grovel in the dust with the others of your tribe. You will soon go to sleep. You and the others of your tribe. And when you awaken, you will tell the karmiki that N'Jugi is to be your chief. N'Jugi, be chief. And you will lead the safari that carries your treasure of ivory to the slave market in Tarak. Boleko, what awaits you? Come on. You see, N'Jugi, all I have promised has come true. I have restored what is rightfully yours. I have gained a treasure in ivory. And I have avenged my insult at Tarzan's hands by making a fool of him. And should he come back here, I shall merely turn my hypnotic gaze on him. And he too will fall a victim of my... That takes care of you, N'Jugi. And now... I may speak to you. Last night, all of you were placed under a spell. But now the spell is broken. Once again, your witch doctor and your chief are your leaders. You will not listen to the words of another. But because I had some hand in opening your eyes, I should like to make a few requests. What you say is law, Lord of Jungle. I ask that Boleko be forgiven for having spared the life of his brother three years ago. I should like Boleko's marriage to my aid to take place today as originally planned. It shall take place, Santa Tarzan. And I ask that your jungle justice be tempered with mercy when you judge the two who lie bound in the prison hut. One is a member of your own tribe, a man who was so afraid of your anger that he twice attempted to sell himself into slavery so that he could become the property of a white man and thus be immune from black men's laws. Tarzan, now men of Karmicke also know fear. We show mercy to N'Jugi, but other one who lies in hut... a clever man whose red beard was as false as his heart. I do not ask leniency for him only that he be given a fair trial. I'm afraid I shall have to appear as a witness against him for with my own eyes I have seen him sell humans into slavery. And I know that to shackle man's feet and hands is also to enchain his soul. This perhaps is the greatest of all crimes. We'd like you to remain with us for another few moments so that we may tell you about our next story of Tarzan. Strangest of all of Africa's countries is the tiny kingdom one must cross in order to reach Timbuktu. On the banks of the river Niger in the French Saddam, it is ruled by a black potentate who wears robes of purple and gold and conducts a court as lavish as those of ancient Rome. The Kaya is a man of great culture and great jealousy, and Tarzan finds adventure on the road to Timbuktu. Tarzan the transcribed creation of the famous Edgar Rice Burroughs is produced by Walter White Jr. prepared for radio by Bud Lesser with original music by Albert Glasser. This is a Commodore production. Listen to our next story, Adventure in the Road to Timbuktu. Another thrilling episode of The Lord of the Jungle.


I'm Peggy Martin. I co-own Cedar Creek Gardens with my business partner, Bud Mankey, and we are in the middle of South Dakota. We have 14 acres into production and 12 combination of high tunnels and caterpillar tunnels. We grow a variety of crops. We have a lot of specialty crops, including we have pumpkins and melons and then winter squash. We always climb and grow everything except our chokes because we don't like them. We have three farm stands. We actually put in our very first self-serve one a couple years ago and it's going great. So that means there's no person there. You just have a money box. And then we have four farmers markets a week on top of a large wholesale route that is about encompasses probably 100 miles to the west and 100 miles to the east. So one of the issues that we deal with yearly is weeds. We're looking for ways to integrate cover cups to build our soil because soil health is very important to us. So Dr. Lang and Dr. Burrows reached out to us and asked if we'd be interested in the tarping project. We obtained our tarps this spring and we put them down, dealt with the challenges of the wind. And we left them for a lot longer than we normally would be on the point that we normally plant our root crops such as our carrots and beets because that's what we did for the tarping project. And there was a lot of challenges with it. Again, it delayed our planting and then it got really dry. So we had to do constant watering to get the carrots. But what we found that when we pulled the tarps up, we still had weeds. And so we ended up having to till to terminate those weeds. And that, again, we were like, why did we go to all the work of tarping when we still have to till and we're bringing all the weed seeds back up to the top? And so it was kind of a defeated moment, but we still pressed on. We were hoping that we could get it to work. So the weeds definitely outpaced the carrots and the beets. So then we mowed and then we weeded some of it, but we determined that the cost of labor to weed it was going to outweigh what we would ever gain and profit. So we made a lot of decisions along the way and really didn't find that the tarps were a benefit. Next year, we're hoping to incorporate some flame weeding so that we can suppress some of them weeds a little bit more. There were just a lot of challenges with it. I can see the benefits of it in certain situations, but if it's real dry like we were last year, it just got too dry and the ground was too hard. So we had to till after we took the tarps off to even be able to plant. So there's some challenges, but can I see some benefits? Absolutely. And the ideal soil and if there's adequate rain, you definitely would have some labor saving. So we're going to tarp again next year. I'm hoping that we get them on earlier, we did get them on a little bit later than we wanted to. I just want to say thank you too for investing the time in the dollars. Sometimes when you're doing a scientific field study, it's great in theory, but it's actually the farmers, the ranchers, the gardeners that are out here trying their best to deal with not ideal situations that a lot of time I think that you learned the most.


Okay, so now that we know what outs are, we can look at how a game is played and ultimately how do you win a game of baseball. Each baseball game is divided into sections, which are called innings. In the top or the first half of the inning, the home team will be in the field on defense and the visiting team will be batting.  After three outs, the top of the inning will end and the bottom half of the inning begins. For the bottom half of the inning, the home team will bat and the visitors will run out under the field to their defensive positions. The home team will bat in the bottom of the inning until they are put out three times and after that would be the end of the first inning. The teams will then switch again so the home team is again in the field and the visiting team is at bat and they would do that for three more outs. At that point then the bottom of the second inning would begin and so the teams continue to alternate back and forth between offensive defense for nine innings. After nine innings, whichever team has scored more runs or points is the winner. You might see something called a line score either on TV, online, or even at the scoreboard if you are at a game and this is a diagram showing how many runs each team scored in each half inning. This lists the visitors on top and the home team on the bottom. Remember the visitors bat in the top of the innings and the home team bats in the bottom of the innings. So at the end over here on the right will be the total number of runs for each team. One final thing to note, if the home team is leading the game after the first eight and a half innings, so if after the top of the ninth, the home team is leading the game, they do not have to bat again in the bottom of the ninth because they already have more runs than the visiting team and batting again would not accomplish anything. So finally what happens if the two teams are tied after nine innings have been completed? At this point the game would move into extra innings, which is baseball's version of overtime. There is never a tie in baseball, so the teams will continue to play extra innings until one team is leading after a complete inning. So if the visiting team were to score a run in the top of the tenth inning, the home team would still have a chance to bat in the bottom of the tenth inning. If the home team then fails to score, the visiting team would win. If the home team scores one run to tie it up in the bottom of the tenth, then the game would again be tied and they would continue for as many innings as they needed until the game was no longer tied. Now if the home team is able to score two runs in the bottom of the tenth, that would put them in the lead and they would have won the game. They don't even have to keep playing until there are three outs.


I mentioned that I'm willing to buy in to Kyle Busch and Denny Hamlin on the rebound. But I think that if you want to buy low on Joe Gibbs Racing, Martin Truex Jr. is pretty easily the best way to do so. Now, the thing that's different with Truex from Busch and Hamlin is that he will start outside the top 12 because he is outside the top 12 and owner points, so Truex will start somewhere between 13th and 24th. So that's bad for him from a betting perspective, but it's good for DFS because you're going to get some place differential juice with Truex that safeguards you in case the JGR cars continue to struggle here in Darlington. But he was also, I think, the best Joe Gibbs Racing car early on. He just didn't get the finishes to show for it. His average running positions, the first three non-Daytona races, were 8th, 9th, and 11th. He just had really bad luck that forced him to finish poorly, which is why he's outside the top 12 in owner points. Truex is a good driver in Darlington. He won here in 2016. He led a bunch of laps in 2017, so if we're looking at this thing straight up and not accounting for starting position or salary, Truex actually ranks fourth in my model behind Harvick, Busch, and Lagana. I think he is a high floor due to the place differential upside and a high ceiling way to buy into Joe Gibbs Racing off their early struggles. So yeah, I don't mind Busch and Hamlin, but I think if I'm trying to buy low on JGR, Martin Truex Jr. is the best round at 11-5 on Fanduel.