Hello traders at CMC Markets, welcome to a short update by RRG Research. My name is Julius de Campanair and I am presenting to you from Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Recording this video on the evening of the 15th of August, so the Tuesday, looking ahead to what possibly is going to happen on Wednesday, the 16th. I want to focus on some of the currency pairs and on the screen I have loaded up six currency pairs. The top three are all expressed in yen, so that's dollar yen, that is pound yen and that is euro yen. And then in the bottom row I've got three pairs expressed in US dollars, so that's euro dollar, Aussie dollar and pound dollar. And I think you can immediately see a general characteristic for both rows. Let's kick off with the top row here. So the common denominator for all three of these charts, and by the way these are daily charts, this is the daily time frame. All three have broken out above their previous highs, so above their previous resistance and they're holding up there fairly well I have to say. So we zoom in here on dollar yen, you can see how it took out this overhead resistance around 145, and we're already up there for about two days, so that is a solid break I would say. And the same goes when we look at pound yen. Here also a solid break above that previous high that was set actually in July, at the start of July, around 184, and here also we're holding up above that level for two, three days already. So here also a pretty solid break to the upside for pound yen. And then finally we've got euro yen, and you can already see it in the thumbnail, and here you can see the breakout which actually had two touch points here, around 158, I'll round it off 158, one big day and then already three, four days holding up above that resistance area. So I'm going to take a look at the 30-minute charts to see if we can find some guidance for the day, but we should come into these markets with a bullish view for dollar pound and euro against the yen. So in general that means weakness for the yen in these three pairs. So if we look at this here, then we can see dollar yen, we can see how that has been bouncing off, these are the levels that we saw on the daily chart. It looks like we've had like for today, second half of the day, a bit of a consolidation. I think that when you can see somewhere during the day, dollar yen breakout above 145.70, we can attack the previous high rear around 145.85. The support should come in around 145.19, 145.20. Remind you that this is in a longer-term uptrend, it is breaking to the upside. So I'd be looking for breakouts to the upside to confirm the longer-term uptrend, to confirm a move in the direction of the daily trend. So short trades here in these yen denominated currencies are against the trend. Potentially possible, but you will have to realize that you're working against the prevailing trend on the daily and that's upward. So I'm looking for upward breaks in dollar yen above 145.70 and later here 145.85 for a move in sync with the move on the daily charts. Same goes for pound yen, that's actually quite an interesting chart here on the 30 minutes because as you can see we're testing this support area so that could provide a nice jumping board for at least a move back up towards the 185.30 area, 185 area, from current levels which is just above support when I'm recording this just below 185 and the upside target within the range is 185.26, maybe 185.30 and if that breaks then obviously there is way more upside for pound yen. This is in line with the prevailing trend on the daily chart so this testing support on the 30 minute jumping higher potentially taking out the upside of the range. So this is a good opportunity here for pound yen already and let me go to the third one in yen terms that is euro yen and you will see a similar picture again. This is working from an uptrend on the daily, we've tested the override resistance here around 159 came back and we're now trying to find support here around 158.70. If that holds then a new rally is very well possible. If we if we drop lower mind you that we're still working an uptrend on the daily charts for euro yen so I'd be looking for buying opportunities either at this support level or at the next one but that's a pretty big move to the downside. It would be rice if we could start to put in a new series of higher highs and higher lows here on the 30 minute chart to get back in sync with the daily chart which is higher for euro yen and obviously when we take out these overhead levels there's way more to go for these yen denominated currencies. So when we move to the dollar denominations that's the bottom line on my grid here you can see that these are all coming down so euro dollars we've been working to the downside recently so it's a Aussie dollar and so has cable pound dollar that means in general that there is dollar strength so euro Aussie and pound are all losing value against the dollar so that means generic US dollar strength that's what you see when these when these charts move down that means strength for the US dollar if we do take a quick look here so euro dollar we had that high here around 112.5 coming down and you know yesterday and today we're breaking below support so we're actually making a new low we're starting a new move lower so we have a lower high and now we're not yet sure where the new low will be but it will be lower than the previous low so good support is expected around 108.40 for euro dollar but we have to get into this market in the near term approaching it from a point of view of US dollar strength and the same goes for the Australian dollar and what you see here is that this is actually at a very crucial level look back this is like many months almost a year worth of support and I've drawn in two lines here so one is 164 let's say 165 those are the major touch points and then there's the dotted line here that's the extremes that's one that's 64.50 and you can see how it's already pressing lower here when that breaks when Aussie dollar breaks below 64.50 64.60 there is a long way to go so there's a lot more downside a lot more US dollar strength against the Australian dollar and if we do that for pound dollar then we see something similar this is also a very important horizontal level pound dollar is coming from a longer term uptrend we broke that uptrend we're now hovering above the support level around 126.30 if that gives way then the next target on the daily chart is around 123 so that's a couple of big figures for for cable in this case the fact that it's broken that rising trend line lower highs and lower lows are in place it is all pointing to dollar strength weakness for the pound and if we take that to the 30 minute charts to see what's potentially could happen during the day tomorrow look at euro dollar here again we remind you we're we're looking for prices to move lower these are all moving in downtrends on the dailies so we're looking for downward breaks here in the euro dollar 30 minute chart so the level to watch I think is around let's say 109 if 109 gives way then the target here is at least 25 to 30 bits but as you can see it could even be a little flag type formation with much more downside for euro dollar so again strength for the euro for the dollar weakness for the euro and we're looking for a break below 109 in euro dollar I would say and if we take a look at Aussie dollar then this is the the fat line here is that massive support level and you can see how we're actually trading against it the market is frantically trying to hold up here for the last couple of hours the question is how long will that will the market be able to do that the upside is very limited you can see here there's another horizontal overhead resistance level around 6450 again if if this 6450 gives way so this sorry this is 6465 this is 6450 if 6450 gives way there is a lot of downside for for Aussie US and then finally we're going to wrap it up here with pound dollar with cable and again here also we're coming in from a perspective of pound weakness dollar strength it's probably not as not as clearly defined as the other pairs but you can see I could sort of draw a rising trend line here that we've broken there is a I think the most important support level to watch is 12675 maybe for the very near term something like 127 but it's a bit volatile here around that area definitely looking for new positions when we take out 12675 for at least a move to 12620 and potentially even lower thanks for watching that was it a short update on some of the major currency pairs I hope you enjoyed it I'm looking forward to seeing you again at a new update by RRG research sometime in the future


Why can't we live forever? Some animals do. And I'm not talking about some 200-year-old whale or even a thousand-year-old tree. I'm talking about immortal. There are actually species that apparently don't age and could technically go on forever. And why not? I mean, in a sense, humans are immortal and that a few of our cells live on, sperm or egg cells, lucky enough to find each other. Each of our kids grow out of one of our cells, and that alone. I mean, the fact that a single cell can grow into a person should make, in comparison, the notion of keeping our bodies going indefinitely seem biologically trivial. Well, it's certainly a hot research topic. Much is focused on the role of DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone, the most abundant steroid hormone in the human body, whose levels drop significantly as we age. It is a cortisol antagonist, meaning that it helps counteract the effects of stress. It appears to rejuvenate female fertility, and most importantly, appears to be a strong predictor of longevity. In fact, one of the ways caloric restriction appears to extend the lifespan of many animals may be the upregulation of DHEA. So, no surprise, it is sold as a fountain of youth over the counter-supplement, raising all sorts of concerns about safety side effects and the lack of quality control in this increasingly financially rewarding business. For example, some supplements just totally lie, and have no DHEA in them, and others have significantly more than the claim dose. And so for this, and other reasons, making DHEA supplements is recommended against. But are there natural ways to boost levels of this hormone? Well, we've known a number of individual dietary components, like fiber intake, are associated with better levels. So why not just put all the dietary components together? Short-term impact of a lacto-vegetarian diet. So, after just five days on an egg-free vegetarian diet, blood levels of DHEA rose about 20% compared to the meaty diets. And it's interesting why. It wasn't necessarily because they were making more, producing more of it, but instead they were losing less. The bodies of those eating vegetarian appear to hold on to it, which is normally something you only see in fasting. But these were all isocaloric diets, meaning same calories in both diets. So by eating vegetarian, one may be able to mimic the effects of caloric restriction, but without walking around starving all the time.


This study examined the effects of robotic gate training on brain activity and motor learning. It found that a single RAGT session can cause significant changes in the walking pattern, as well as increases in alpha and beta EEG spectral power and pattern regularity of the EEG, which correspond with increased regularity of body oscillation in the frontal plane and the loss of alternating muscle activation during the gate cycle. These findings suggest that RAGT has the potential to be used as a tool for improving motor learning and efficiency of exoskeletons for assisted walking. This article was authored by Roberto DiMarco, Maria Rubega, Olive Lennon, and others.


We continue looking at non-renewable resource economics and in the previous module, we have looked at a situation where there is perfect competition and we found out what is the optimal strategy for the mind manager. We found out what is the price trajectory, we found out how much quantity would be taken in different years and the time for which the resource will last. In this condition what happens is the demand or the inverse demand curve is given and any company or an owner of a mind has no way of influencing that demand. Let us now look at the question, what happens if all the minds are controlled by one company or one individual, that means what happens if there is a monopoly and of course as you would expect the rules would be changed because then the monopolist can actually influence the total quantity which is being released and because the total quantity being released is being influenced the price would change. And so the monopolist has a way to dictate a price and can then decide. So in this case the optimization changes, the monopolist tries to maximize the revenue and this in a similar fashion like the analysis we have done in the last section where we said that the costs are constant and we can take the price minus the cost or we can neglect the cost. So the revenue that we will have RT will be PT into QT. Now in actual practice we have seen this case of a monopolist affecting the prices. In some cases it may be one individual which is a monopoly or it could be a cartel of producers. For instance, OPEC is a cartel of oil producing and exporting countries and in the 1970s OPEC decided that it was going to control the quantity of oil that it was going to release and with the result you could see a sudden spurt in the oil prices. This is called the oil shock and that is the point at which all countries started looking at energy independence and looking at energy efficiency and this was the start of the whole movement to look at energy conservation and energy efficiency. So we would like to now look at from a monopolist point of view if you have the revenue and we want to maximize the discounted sum of the revenue RT by 1 plus d raised to t, t is equal to 0 to t. So it is very similar to the earlier situation that we had, only thing is that in the case of RT the monopolist is able to influence the quantity that is being released overall and hence is also able to influence the price and this will be subject to the constraint that sigma u t, t is equal to 0 to t is equal to the total reserve that we had which is r 0. So when we take this we can take the Lagrangian which will be very similar to the last analysis that we did but r 0 minus sigma t is equal to 0 to t q t and this Lagrangian divided by the differentiated with respect to del q t set this equal to 0. What we get is we will get the, we are differentiating the total revenue that we have with respect to q t. So what we will get is the marginal revenue, we can differentiate this and we will get delta RT by del q t 1 plus d raised to t minus lambda is equal to 0. So essentially what we get is delta RT by del q t is also known as the marginal revenue that means the revenue per unit of q and what we would get then is that the lambda value is going to be equal to marginal revenue divided by 1 plus t raised to t. So this is that in each time interval just like we had in the earlier case we had the price increasing we had the discount rate now we are having the marginal revenue, marginal revenue 1 by 1 plus t and so on marginal revenue t by 1 plus t raised to t. Now let us take a situation where we have a linear inverse demand curve so we have p t is a minus b q t so then RT becomes a q t minus b q t square right. So del RT by del q t is a minus 2 b q t. So once we plug this in the value of lambda which we get is a minus 2 b q t by 1 plus d raised to t and we said that MRT increases so MR marginal revenue in time horizon t will be equal to marginal revenue in 0 first year into 1 plus d raised to t. Now let us consider the linear inverse demand curve and take the situation when the resource is completely exhausted when the resource is completely exhausted at that point q t capital t will be equal to 0. At this point what will be happening will be the marginal revenue which we have must equal to the price per unit that will be equal to the price and that is when the monopolist will not want to produce anymore the marginal revenue will be equal to the price and that is equal to we said a minus b q t so this is going to be equal to a. So a is going to be equal to MR0 1 plus d raised to t and then we can substitute this in this expression so that we get MRT is equal to this is capital T when it gets exhausted capital T this is going to be a by 1 plus d raised to capital T multiplied by 1 plus t. So this is marginal revenue is going to be 1 plus d raised to t minus t and we have already derived that the marginal revenue for the linear inverse demand curve case is a minus 2 b q t. So we can put this as a minus we can equate these two terms b q t is a 1 plus d raised to t minus t. We can now get from this we can put this as 2 b q t is equal to a e into 1 minus so looks very similar to the computation case but with a difference we have now this is q t is a by 2 b into 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t minus t. If you remember you can look back at the earlier derivation that we had done in the case of the this is for the monopoly and for perfect competition for a competitive market we got q t is equal to a by b. So if you look at this of course in the case of the monopoly the capital the value of exhaustion the number of years t would be different but in general what you would find is that the monopolist would in a particular year release less amount of q so that the price increases and the overall revenue increases with the result that as we would expect the resource is going to last for a longer period under a monopolist case. So if we look at this we would expect qualitatively a curve like this where you have q t and t this is for if this is the shape or competition competitive market then the monopolist would be. So you can look at the book by Conrad on renewable resource on resource economics and there is a chapter on non-readable resource economics which shows some of these if we then take this the same thing can you can see the this is the actual this is for a this is a plot which is shown from Conrad which shows similar kind of trend for a particular example. So now what we would like to do is we would like to look at this take that expression and just like we did for the competition case we would like to derive how much time the resource is going to last for. So in a similar fashion we take t is equal to 0 to t minus 1 remember that in the last year q capital t is equal to 0 so that need not be added q t will be equal to 0 to t minus 1 a by 2 b into 1 minus 1 plus d raise to and if we use this in the same fashion as we did derived for the competition case this becomes a geometric progression and finally we get an expression which is like we get 2 b r 0 this sum will be equal to r 0. So 2 b r 0 by a is t minus 1 by d 1 minus 1 plus d raise to t and the final expression that we get is t is equal to 2 b r 0 by a plus 1 by d 1 minus 1 plus d raise to t this is for the time for the monopoly and you would remember that we have a similar expression when we had the competition and only difference was that in this case this was b r by b r 0 by a and so what you would find is that the time taken would increase and now the question is of course does that mean that a monopoly is better from a resource point of view from a resource point of view the monopolist conserves the resource because the monopolist is looking at the overall maximization of revenue but in the process given the discount rate that is there the population and the consumers are exposed to much higher prices and because of that the overall utility of society is less under a monopolist case even though the resources get conserved for a longer time. So now let us do one thing let us take the same whatever we have learnt for competition and for monopoly let us now solve one particular example a numerical which is there in your tutorial sheet I will just show you this number and this is the tutorial sheet this shows that we have a tutorial problem the inverse demand function for a fossil fuel is given to you as Pt is equal to 1 minus 0.1 Qt which means that a is equal to 1 b is equal to 0.1 we have also the value of discount rate R0 is given to you as 75 R0 is 75 and D is 5 percent which is nothing but 0.05. So the first part of the question is what is the price of elasticity of demand for this function when Qt is equal to 5 units. So when Qt is equal to 5 let us just substitute Qt is equal to 5. So what is the value of Pt is just 1 minus 0.1 into 5 this is 0.5 so the answer is 0.5. So the differentiate this del Pt by del Qt this is minus 1. So if we look at the elasticity that is going to be del Qt by del Pt into Pt by Qt which is this is del Qt by del Pt this is 1 by minus 0.1 Pt we said is 0.5 and Qt is 5. So you will find that the elasticity is minus 1 which implies that if we have a 1 percent increase in the price there will be a 1 percent decrease in the quantity and that is the elasticity. So we solve the first part of the question the second part B says determine the time value of extraction for a mining industry under pure competition. So when we talk about solving this for pure competition we will have this as we have Pt will be for pure competition this will be Pt into 1 plus d raised to t. So 1 point d is 0.05 1.05 t. Now we know at t is equal to t Qt is equal to 0 and Pt is equal to a which is 1. So 1 is equal to P0 1.05 raised to t we can substitute for P0 so that we get Pt is equal to 1.05 raised to t minus t. So you remember the formula that we had derived for the time that this will last we want to this is the only unknown is capital T we need to determine capital T then we can plug it back and we can get the equations for Pt and Qt in which case we would determine the time path of extraction. So once we do this we check Br0 by a plus 1 by d into 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t just substitute the values this is going to be 0.1 into 75 by 1 plus 1 by 0.05 into 1 minus 1 by 1.05 raised to t. So if we simplify this we will get t is equal to 7.5 plus 20 into 1 minus 1 by 1.05 raised to t. Now when we look at this we will this is as we said this is an equation where we have to iteratively solve for t. So let us assume a certain value of t let us say suppose t is equal to 10 years we can substitute t and get t is equal to 7.5 plus 20 into 1 minus 1 by 0.05 raised to 10. You can plug in this values and you will see you get t comes out to be 15.2. Now we take 15.2 as a starting point and solve to get the next value of t and then you get t is equal to 18.0 and then the next iteration we get 19.2 you can solve this and check 19.7, 19.8 and it converges to about 19.4. You get t approximately 19.94 we can round this off to about 20 years. So we solve this part c when does the resource get exhausted the resource gets exhausted in at 20 years and then what happens is that if we now substitute back we get that p t which we had already solved we got this as p t is equal to 1.05 into t divided by 1.05 raised to 20. And if you see this value of 1.05 raised to 20 turns out so you can get this. So we got an expression for p t we also now can substitute this and get the expression for q t and with that we will get essentially the value of q t in different years. Now let us look at for the same situation the part d would the time path of extraction. So once we have this we can plot it for different years and we have got the plot of p t versus time and q t versus time. Now the question is with the time path of extraction for a monopolistic mining industry be different. So if you look at this as we have seen earlier what happens in a monopoly is that you are able to affect the quantity supplied and hence the price. And because of that you release less than in perfect competition it is better for you to have less quantity mined and with the result that we expected to last longer. If we take this if you remember we had derived now for the monopolist that this is going to be 2 b r 0 by a plus 1 by d 1 minus 1 plus d raised to t more or less things the equation looks very similar except instead of 7.5 this is now 15. So once we do this we will get obviously a different converge solution. So if we start with t is equal to 10 you will get t is equal to 15 plus 20 into 1 minus 1.05 raised to 10 and you get the next value becomes t is equal to 22.7 and as we go ahead you will find that it converges to about 30.5 years. So t approximately 31 years in the first case we found t is 20 years and in this case it is 31 years. So qualitatively we realize that essentially the monopolist wants to maximize revenue and because of that we produce less from the mine in the initial years as compared to the competition case and with the result that overall the revenue increases. Now the question is that what happens we also saw repeat this with d is equal to 10 percent. If the discount rate is higher what would happen? If the discount rate is higher it means that we are counting future cash flows and discounting it by a larger amount. So we would prefer to have a profit or a revenue today as compared to in the future with the result that what would happen is that we would actually mine Qt at the initial periods would be higher and then the mine would get exhausted in a shorter time period. You can repeat this on your own and cross check. So with this we have completed the portion on non-renewable resource economics. We have of course done this with simplistic set of assumptions. You can relax all of these assumptions. You could have a situation where the cost of extraction change. You could have situation where there are different kinds of demand inverse demand curves and but this gives us a way in which from first principles we can identify how an optimal mine manager would think and what is the way in which the resources would be used subject to the fact that of course the total amount of resources are finite.


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Congrats Kyle Mike will Try color sweet level Jalen Hertz Eagles to 149 Silver concourse rookie Thalc and his Drake London silver Olavé phenomenon rookie Saints silver Echler Chargers Just zappy Silver concourse rookie Skymore for the Chiefs now Romeo Dobbs base Got ridder silver Jonathan Taylor sweet level for the Colts field level rookie Petrie Texans And silver concourse I you for the Niners Damian Pierce All right, we'll do a quick recap and then we're on to some full cases All right, we got relics of Stefan digs t. Higgins terry mclauren dj more tie-dye milik willis autos of Ronnie lot Matt corral Kenneth Murray Darius Tony XR cz hawks defense two is divan witherspoon Gold rpa david bell browns James cook tie-dye is goss edwards. He had a gronk I sit pats to 99 jersey auto Bailey zappy odis anderson damian pierce Texans redemption tie-dye rpa sauce Going to the jets one of one is nike swoosh laundry tag a conco titans rookie and zebra field level rookie breeze hall for the jets From the ssp that'll do it. Thanks. Ever. Thanks everybody. We're on to full cases now


So, what we are doing is molecular motors and that is what we will continue yes. So, what we are talking about is how to write down equations for these motor motor kinetics and what we said is that we can sort of think of motors as having multiple states in principle and then hopping along this underlying lattice the microtubule or the actin and we will write some sort of a probability to find the motor in the mth state at position n at time t and then write down the evolution equations of that. And in the simplest case what we said is that let us forget that these. So, this m is the internal state marker is the internal internal state marker. So, in the simplest case what we started off is that there are no internal states. So, there were no internal states. So, you simply had something that what was the probability to find the motor at position n at time t right. And given a position of the motor on the lattice let us say this is n, this is n plus 1, this is n minus 1 and so on. We had hopping rates. So, it could go forward with some rate, it could go backward with some rate because these motors are directional that is they take in energy and they move preferentially along one direction let us say towards the plus end. These rates were different from each other and we also said that these rates in principle were going to be functions of both ATP concentration as well as the force that you apply on the motor. The force could come from in vitro experiments like optical traps you could pull on the motor explicitly or it could arise cooperatively due to the effect of opposite kind of motors. If there were both for example, dinings and kinaseins bound then one of them each would exert force on the other type of motor. So, in this sort of a framework the simplest thing that we said last day or something like this that if I have let us say I forget about this thing there is no internal states and I say that my rates are simply functions of the force I forget about the ATP concentration also for the time being. I can write down the master equation what is del p del t. If I take the continuum limit it gives me a velocity of the motor and diffusion constant of the motor.  This was easy enough and in the continuum sense of course, if you solve this advection diffusion equation you will get some sort of a Gaussian profile that moves and not only does it move it also spreads right you will get some sort of a Gaussian moving a Gaussian wave which moves with a velocity v and also spreads by some measure given by the diffusion coefficient to do something more with this model. So, this is a very simplified model of course, we are not taking any internal states which we know must be there for the moment we are not considering the dependence on ATP concentrations, but still let us go ahead with this simple model and then let us see what we can say from this model itself ok. And we will introduce all of these other factors slowly one by one. So, you can think of this system like this that you have some sort of an energy landscape you have some sort of an energy landscape like this let us say ok. This is your motor in the nth state let us say this is your motor in the n plus 1th state. You have some barrier and because of the barrier you have some barrier crossing rate one this way and a different rate this way ok. These are all functions of forces. So, the barrier height to go in the positive direction is just this much right the barrier height to go in the negative direction is from here. So, it is this much it is a higher barrier. So, therefore, smaller rate right. So, k. So, you have a higher rate k plus of going forward because the barrier is smaller here you have a smaller rate k minus of coming backward because the barrier is higher there. If you apply forces you will tilt the balance of these free energy minimals corresponding to the n and the n plus 1th state. So, for example, so here is the sort of picture that I have let us say that this red line is my force equal to 0 curve then as I apply some force the landscape changes and it becomes something like this blue and then I apply more force the landscape changes even more and so on. So, depending on whether you are applying. So, here is my motor which is carrying a cargo depending on which direction I apply the force I can change the balance of these k pluses and k minuses. So, let us say if I let us say the motor wants to move in this direction and I apply an opposing load. What that would mean is that it would get more difficult to go forward because I am pulling it backward which means that the let us say that the depth of this barrier would increase relative to this. So, maybe it becomes something like this right. On the other hand if you are pulling it forward if you are pulling it in the direction that the motor wants to go then you will tilt the free energy landscape the other way. So, that this the forward barrier becomes even smaller ok. So, that is the idea that these rates will have some dependence on the forces and let us try to see if we can do something with that ok. So, if I have this sort of a master equation for this P n and I want to have let us say I will work in so, D P n d t right. It is some rate of coming from n minus 1 some from coming from n plus 1 and then the escape rates k plus plus k minus P of n comma t right. This is the right step from n minus 1 this is a left step from n plus 1 and these are the right and left steps from n. So, if I wanted to set this to 0's if I want to look at this problem in the steady state then I can satisfy this detailed balance of this steady state condition by saying that this sort of a thing that k plus P n k plus P n is equal to k minus P n plus 1 that is it. So, then these terms will cancel out pairwise and you will get a 0. So, that is my detailed balance condition. Also I know that at equilibrium I again I make an assumption. So, if I if I assume the equilibrium probabilities then the probability for the motor to occupy this state is equal to e to the power of minus beta g n right by the partition function of course. So, these P n's I can write in an equilibrium approximation these are like e to the power of minus beta times the free energy of that state divided by the partition function. So, which means if I so, if I substitute for P n and P n plus 1 what I get is the ratio of these two rates the forward rate and the backward rate. So, what I get is that k plus by k minus is equal to e to the power of minus beta times the difference in free energies between these two states ok. In one case you have g n plus 1 and in other case you have g n. We take the ratios what you get is that k plus by k minus is e to the power of minus beta delta g. Now, what happens if I if I am now pulling on this let us say this is the 0 force result ok. So, whatever is the free energy landscape in the absence of force that I encode in this that k plus this ratios of these rates is e to the power of minus beta delta g. If I now pull on this with some force how will the free energies change remember in the free energies we have whatever e minus ds plus terms like j dot x like a force times a displacement. So, in this case if you apply a force the g will go as whatever it was.  So, therefore, in the presence of force this ratio becomes something like e to the power of minus beta delta g plus f a ok. This is the difference between these two terms f into n minus f into n plus 1. So, it is just f into a the lattice constant. So, this is how this this is generally what I can say about how these ratios of these rates will depend will behave in the presence of some force. So, e to the power of minus beta delta g plus some f a and indeed if you do experiments on these motors. So, for example, this is an experiment on myosin motors and what is shown is a plot of it is like a histogram of dwell times for two different cases one in which you are pulling forward another in which you are pulling backward. So, dwell times is like the inverse of this rates how long does it stay in a particular state that is if that is the dwell time then this rates are going to be the inverses of that. So, if you are pulling forward. So, you are assisting the motor you are pulling you are applying a force in the direction that the motor wants to move. You will see that the dwell time histogram sort of peaks at very small values right because it does not stay static for very long in a position. It wants to hop very quickly from here to here and then from here to here and so on right. So, you have a histogram which is peaked around these very small dwell times. On the other hand and very quickly sort of goes to 0. On the other hand if you were to pull backward then this is a much broader distribution right. You will often have to wait very long times before you take a step. So, these rates do indeed depend on the force and that is what we will try to show or we will try to do simple models to see how these rates would depend on the force and how these models would correspond to actual experimental reports. So, that is the idea. I know the ratios go something like this very naively, but that still does not tell me about how these rates individually go with forces. So, to do that I will make an assumption. So, this is what I know that the ratios of these rates go like e to the power of minus beta delta t plus f a. To go further than this we will do is that we can make two sort of assumptions. So, which are the sort of two extreme limits and then see what each of these assumptions say. So, for example, I could say that well let me assume. So, this is a pure assumption there is no biology behind it. Let me assume that this k minus does not depend on the force whereas, the k plus depends on the force. So, this in this ratio the entire force dependence will come from the k plus term and nothing from the k minus I just make that assumption that this entire force dependence is on k plus which means that this k plus of f is equal to k minus which is now a simple number it does not depend on the force and then e to the power of minus beta delta t plus f a. So, I satisfy this ratio. So, it is not justified. It is justified in the sense of that you know like the lamp story you do what you can if there is a lamp you search underneath it, but still. So, the thing is that you make the simple assumptions you see what this gives and then you try to see whether it matches with the experimental results. If you are lucky one of the simple assumptions might match, if you are not lucky you might have to look at the more general scenario where both of these have some sort of complicated dependence on the force such as the ratio is still this. But the best case to do is to at least hope that maybe one of the simple things will work out. It does not seem it does not there is no way I can justify it because it is it is a arbitrary assumption in that sense, but we will still want to do it and see what that gives for the result. So, if I have this I can now calculate what is the velocity because I know what is the velocity in terms of k plus and k minus.  So, I can calculate the velocity by substituting these two in this velocity equation and I get some expression for the velocity ok that this is a k minus comes out common and then e to the power of minus beta delta g plus f a minus 1. So, then what this says is that what does it say? So, if I were to plot let us say this velocity as a function of the force applied, what would this curve look like? This e to the power of minus beta delta g plus f a plus 1, it would look something it would look something like this right because of this e to the power of minus the important term is this e to the power of minus f a term it will look something like this. On the other hand you could say that well you know the other easy thing I could do is to say that the entire force dependence is on k minus. So, just the reverse limit. So, I say that k plus does not depend on force it is just some k plus and then this entire dependence is on k minus. So, k minus f is something like this. So, again you get back that ratio comes out to be the same and again I can substitute this in the velocity formula to find out what the velocity looks like and then of course, the velocity looks something like this k plus comes out common 1 minus e to the power of beta delta g plus f. What does this curve look like? Roughly 1 minus exponential. So, I guess something like this. So, you have made these two simple assumptions that in this case the entire dependence is on k plus in this case the entire dependence is on k minus and this predicts for you two different forms of the force velocity curve right. Now, you can go back and look how the force velocity curves in actual experiments looks like and I think this is again experiments on myosin. So, these are the two predictions. So, this is when k plus is the function of is the entire force dependence is on k plus this is when the entire force dependence is on k minus and here is an experiment on myosin phi a particular type of myosin motor which says that here is how the experimental measurement of velocity dependence on force looks like. So, looking at this sort of a curve I would say that well if I want to live with such a simple model the correct thing to do within the assumptions of this model would be to say that well k minus is a function of force and k plus is simply some constant it does not depend on force. That is the best I can do well at least within the simple sort of approximations this is the set of approximations that comes closest to reality and you can then tune of course, all of these numbers. So, that you get a better good match with these experiments what is this where k plus and so on you can tune to fit with these experiments and that would be an effective model for this sort of a motor. It is of course, not a perfect model because we have made so many assumptions going in, but at least it qualitatively seems to reproduce some of the features that you see in experiments particularly this force velocity relationship. So, that is one sort of thing that you could do one easy thing that you could measure experimentally and also calculate this is this force dependence on the velocity. You could calculate other quantities as well for example, there is another measure that people talk about in the context of molecular motors which is called randomness. So, which is to say that well my motor has a velocity V which is what we have calculated and I have some characteristic length scale let us say this lattice length scale A which is. So, I define some sort of a characteristic time which is the time taken for the motor to hop one lattice unit right if given that it was moving with a velocity V. So, that is my tau I could also because I have a diffusion coefficient as well. So, I have a random nature to the motion as well in addition to this deterministic velocity I could calculate what is the spread this random spread in this within this characteristic time tau. So, that is 2 d tau right. So, I substitute for tau. So, this is this measure of this diffusive spread the random diffusive spread is 2 dA by V and then you define a randomness parameter which is which characterizes this diffusive spread. So, this randomness parameter is defined as this delta x square normalized by this lattice spacing square a square which is nothing, but 2 d by V a and then if you substitute these these are just k plus plus k minus divided by k plus minus k minus. So, if your motor was moving very with a very high speed deterministically along its preferred direction you would see that the randomness measure is very low. On the other hand if the motor speed was very low right compared to this diffusive excursion you would see that the randomness parameter is very high right. So, again this is something that you can sort of measure experimentally and this is let us say what the curves look like and if you can see. So, I think this is again this is for kinesin or some of these are for kinesins and some are for minus sense this curve is for kinesin motors if we are getting which one is which. So, this is so this first set of experiments is at a very high ATP concentration. So, where basically you have saturating ATP in that ATP concentration is no longer relevant variable ok. The motors have as much ATP that it wants. So, these are on 2 millimolars of ATP and then you plot this randomness parameter as a function of the load force ok. So, when you have very low load the randomness parameter is low because then the motors are sort of moving zipping across in their preferred direction. So, the randomness measure is low. On the other hand as you apply more and more load load meaning backward force ok. So, you are sort of hindering the motion. So, as you apply more and more load this motor speed sort of drops and because the motor speed drops the randomness measure sort of goes higher and higher right. So, that is what this sort of a curve says. You could of course, also do it. So, this is done at very high ATPs, but you could also do it as a function of ATP concentrations and as a function of loads and that has a much more complicated nature. So, it is sort of first decreases and then it increases. So, as a function of ATP concentration at a given value of the load force it is sort of first decreases and then increases and so on. So, if you wanted to reproduce this sort of behavior within the context of this sort of model that you know you just say that either one of the rates is dependent on the force you would find that this would be you could not sort of reproduce this behavior using a simple model like this. So, the caveat of doing such simple models is that you should know for what sort of things they work and what sort of cases they do not work. So, they work for something like a force velocity curve it does not work if I were to try to characterize this sort of randomness measure. To do to do justice to these experiments you would need a much a little more not much a little more complicated model and we will come to that in a little bit yes. The lowest value that a minus can take is 0 yes. So, what I want is ok plus. So, the thing to do is to just go back to this paper once and look exactly how they have defined randomness. The basic physics is of course, correct it is a measure of the diffusion to the deterministic spread, but maybe in the definition there are some other factors over there. Thanks I will check it and I will let you know. The question is that why is this less than 1? If this is k plus plus something and then k plus minus something the lower limit according to this formula should always be So, now as you can see that these are also of course, functions of ATP which we talked about, but which we then sort of neglected. So, if I want to bring in ATP one way to do that is to sort of switch to a slightly different picture and then use an old trick to try to compute how these rates would depend on the ATP concentrations themselves.


Throughout the years, the world of remnant has seen hundreds of technological advances that have changed society, the most influential of all of them being the cross-continental transmit system. Prior to the invention of the CCTS, long-range communication was extremely limited. The discovery and development of radio technology allowed for communication within the boundaries of most kingdoms. But communication with other parts of the world was restricted to the physical delivery of messages. With every alternative form of communication that was proposed, there seemed to be the perfect obstacle. The destructive nature of the creatures of Grimm severely limited the reliability of ground-based technologies. The concept of relay satellites orbiting around the planet was promising. Unfortunately, modern man has yet to make the technological advancements required to achieve spaceflight, as all known dust types lose their power as they begin to leave remnant's atmosphere. Eventually, it was the people of Atlas, the world's leader in science and technology that developed the cross-continental transmit system. It was revolutionary. Like radio, signals were sent and received wirelessly, though the content of these transmissions were not nearly as limited. Audio, video, images and text were all capable of transmission, and eventually an entire online web of information was at mankind's fingertips. Currently, the system is supported by four primary relay towers, each located within a safeguarded area of the kingdoms. These towers allow for wireless communication within a kingdom through the use of devices such as scrolls. This has become less reliable the farther a user travels from the CCT tower. And although smaller support towers do exist outside of kingdoms, they are constantly at risk of destruction by the creatures of Grimm. Shortcomings aside, for the first time in history, digital transmissions between kingdoms were possible through the use of slightly more advanced devices, typically found in homes and CCT centers. The cross-continental transmit system has and will continue to advance the progression of mankind. However, if one of the four towers is taken offline, the entire network fails with it. A slight inconvenience during routine maintenance, but to be honest, I find the limitation somewhat poetic. No one voice is louder than the others and no voice may be silenced without the rest. If the people of Remnant are to speak, then they shall do so together, or not at all.


The sun is moving through the galactic medium like a ship in the ocean, and we're just tagging along. As we discussed earlier, the sun is a thermonuclear fireball that continuously ejects large quantities of high energetic particles into space. This is the solar wind and it goes out in all directions. The extent of the solar wind defines the final frontier of the influence of the sun. This is called the heliosphere. The solar wind's strength dies down as it spreads over ever increasing volumes of space. As it approaches the strength of the interstellar wind, coming from the rest of the Milky Way, its motion slows down abruptly. This is called the termination shock. Beyond this is a transitional region called a heliosheath that terminates at the outermost edge of the heliosphere called the heliopause. And like ocean water being pushed aside by the bow of a great ship, the sun, with its solar wind, does the same in the galactic medium. That's why they call the final boundary the bow shock. This marks the final extent of the solar wind and defines the outer limits of the heliosphere. And like the other objects in the solar system that can be seen and triangulated to determine how far away they are, the only way to find out how far away the termination and bow shocks are, and therefore calculate the full size of the solar system, is to go there, measure which way the wind is blowing, and report back how far you've gone. This is exactly what Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 have done. Crossed in 1977, both spacecraft have passed through the termination shock. Voyager 1 crossed at 94 astronomical units in December 2004. Voyager 2 crossed at 84 astronomical units in August 2007. So we see that the boundary is not exactly a sphere. As of October 2017, both voyagers are deep into the heliosheath. After 40 years, their instruments still report on cosmic rays, charged particles, magnetic fields, and plasma waves. When they detect a change in the direction of the wind, we'll know that they have entered interstellar space. They are expected to have enough energy to continue reporting through 2020, so there is still a chance we'll see it happen. Recent magnetic field data from the Voyager probes, Cassini and Ibex, the interstellar boundary explorer mission, indicate that the heliosphere may be more rounded than previously thought. If correct, the tail we see here will be replaced by the interstellar medium. Research is ongoing in this area.


So good morning, ladies and gentlemen, as I've been introduced, my name is Ezekiel Sweber, and I'm from Tanzania Revenue Authority, and today I will make a presentation on the paper that we did, of course, in collaboration between Tanzania Revenue Authority, UNWIDER, and the local university in Tanzania, the University of Dar es Salaam, and the title for this paper is the Effect of Risk-Based Approach to Tax Examination, and we are drawing evidences from Tanzania Revenue Authority, and we will come across the following contents. We will see part of the introduction and directed, see the empirical strategy and the data that was used, and a bit of the graphical inspections, and then we will see the implication for the study. So the main focus and functions of many tax administrations has been based on the following areas. One is to increase the tax, expanding the tax base, enhancing the tax compliance, minimizing tax evasion using various, of course, enforcement strategies, and increase tax revenue at the major goal and expectation for many tax administrations. We can try to check on the sustainable development goals, and here we are drawing a reference from the meeting that was held in Addis Ababa in 2015 that was addressing the taxi initiatives in Africa, and they say in order to meet the goals for the 17 sustainable development goals, we really needed to support our tax systems, and we really, really see the commitment from developing partners to supporting developing countries into these areas. And of course, various enforcement strategies, including random audits and examination used by these tax admin authorities. However, it has been confirmed that risk-based approaches and machine learning in these practices are limited, and there are methods which are tested and promising, improving detection and probabilities for non-compliance. So literature has been confirmed that, but limited and existing systematic evidence on the impact of these risk-based strategies is observed in literature, and for our understanding, no studies has been conducted before to assess how risk-based compliances, interventions are working in developing countries, and this paper now draws and going to text the examination revenue impact of this risk-based tax examination, which was piloted in Tanzania Revenue Authority. And the pilot, of course, was blind jointly by TRA, and a Finnish tax administration, and we received funds from the government of Finland. And the intervention specifically intended to flagging taxpayers from the examination on the basis of data-driven risk assessment, and it was designed in two ways. One to improve the existing practices of choosing taxpayers to be examined in which the practice which was aligned on the staff description. This intervention was limited, of course, to the personal income tax or corporate income tax session, and the following five objectives was intended during the planning of this intervention. One is to increase the revenue collection, but the two is to improve the skills of these tax officers who are into these procedures or conducting this examination process. And of course, the third objective, it is to focusing on the efforts to the risky taxpayers instead of just selecting taxpayers and then ending up of not receiving the intended objective. And the objective number four, of course, is to treat equally and all taxpayers by upholding the principles of fairness and justice in taxation. And the last objective which was planned for this intervention, of course, was to reduce the time spent by examining taxpayers with limited risks. And directly we go to the approach or the empirical strategy that was used during testing our examination. So we use the methodology, the different methodology, and the outcome variable with the taxable income, and we provided the data salam, the treatment variables, and we given the value of one if the tax offices is locating data salam where the intervention was taking place and the data salam comprises of about five tax legions and the rest, which is zero, we provided it to the other tax legions which are outside data salam. And the post was the variable receiving the value of one if that outcome, it is from the intervention year which was from July 2019, which is the year in which we tested up to June 2020. So we taken this as the financial years and we did for zeroes if that information is of the past years where the intervention was not there. So we tested or draw the same level panel data, which of course we extracted from Tanzania revenue authority system, and each year contained about 25,000 observations, which we believed it was enough information to test our intervention, and it covered the period of four years from 2015 up to 2020 to the last year of the drawing our information, and of course it was the year where the intervention was taking place. And we are checking on the data, and table number one on your left-hand side, it entails a number of firms which were adjusted taxable income, which was observed to include from one financial year in both the treatment and the control group. If you can see starting from 2016 for the control group, and if you can see starting from the same year for the treatment group, and you compare to the 2019-20, all these taxable income were increasing based on the information that we have drawn. And table number two summarizes the number of adjustment that have been taking place during the pilot period for the treatment group. And table number two there, we had drawn some observation where we observed one of the tax region in the piloted area, which is Ilaala, has relative more adjusted income depicting like 70% if you compare to the reaction from other tax regions in which this intervention was piloted. And we are asking ourselves maybe why this observation now is coming, and we heard some results in hand, and we say probably there are relative low knowledge of recording and reporting financial transactions for a taxpayer, or perhaps there is a high responses of taxpayer to adhere with the TRA regulations. But again the question was why this now is happening during this time and not at any other time, so we said maybe it was the impact of the piloted intervention. But again, still we need to test if it was really observed or not observed. But again we checked critically on the information by describing and we observed some of the characteristics of the firms in the controlled and uncontrolled firms before and after the piloted interventions are compared. And the firm in the treatment areas were observed to be large and more profitable. But again the largest number of firms that we observed during this analysis were from the service sector, wholesale and retail. And again we went further now to test the assumptions which now will come up and see if our assumptions and the methodology was critically in place. So we applied the different methodologies as I said before. And of course the crucial assumption in this different diff is to test the parallel trend assumption before if it is holding. And in the absence of the treatment, the average difference in the outcome between the treatment and control group observed to be remaining similar. As you see on your left hand side that table, this assumption was holding properly well. And after the intervention during the 2019, it was observed that there is a change. So we want now to measure the impact during that change that was observed. And quickly now we go to the results which were observed during our analysis. And our result we confirmed that it shows a 10 to 15 increase in the adjustable taxable income where the risk based tax examination were implemented. So this was tested by our methodology and we confirmed that there is an increase in the adjusted taxable income. And this would suggest the use of the intervention to flagging taxpayer could improve the efficiency of tax examination and lead to an increase in tax revenue. And of course the impact was found in the corporate income taxes as I said before. It was limited to that area and they arise predominantly from the services sector. And again we went further to show the pilot growth in tax revenue in the piloted area. Main streams from the increase in the amount of the tax paid. And we observed that the number of firm filing income adjustments remained constant and not affected the tax revenue which was collected. And this highlights the fact that focusing on improving the efficiency of the tax examination is more beneficial for the TRA than conducting more tax examination cases. And again we tested the cost of implementing this intervention if it was cost wise. And we tested this and we measured that the cost of the intervention was costing about 60 pounds and estimated revenue which was increased at least during the intervention period was about 18 million pounds during that period of intervention. So we confirmed that our intervention was cost effective because it was at least giving us a substantial revenue collection during that period. And now we conclude by providing the implication for our study. And we have drawn some four implication one. It is possible for the risk-based tax examination to increase tax revenue collection in developing countries. So we cement and build on that. And again there is a tax revenue potential when firms are undergoing tax examination. And again improving the efficiency of tax examination can be more beneficial than conducting additional tax examination. So it's better to rely on these risk-based intervention so that we can see we are examining risky taxpayers who will be beneficial in our areas and not investing more of the efforts to the taxpayers who does not have risk or any risk sensitivity. And again these interventions hold the great potential for being further expanded because the results have been confirmed to yield more results. So we are expecting to expand it to other areas because this it was beneficial and of course to see if it is viable or not viable again by automating the risky-based system through our system so that we can be able to get the potential and a more revenue. Thank you very much for your attention.


Some people think it's funny, some people think it's odd, but everybody thinks that Corbin smells just like a pod. Pod. It's Fart and Hindi and Bengali. Ha! Ha! Yeah.  It's I'm Corbin. I'm Rick. He's also Instagram. Look at that. Look at that. Look at that. Look at that. Look at that. Look at that. It's become unintelligible. You saw the thumbnail. You're not hallucinating. Just kidding. Actually, this is a review for DOOM 3. Yes. I'm sure you'll be equally satisfied. Obviously, we are doing a movie review of the Hindi 2008 film Jodha Akbar. Which we actually have seen before, kind of because we've seen every musical number from it. So you really don't need to see the movie after you've seen the musical number. That's just what we'll tell everybody from now on. Directed by Thay's name. Ashutosh Gowarkar. Who also directed Swades and which for those of you who don't know that's Swadesh, we know. And Lagann. And starring and composer. Starring Rajesh Vivek and Shaji Chowdhury. It was so great to see those guys again. I love seeing him, don't you? I especially love seeing Rajesh. I don't know what it is. From Lagann, right? Yeah, man. He makes me happy to see him. Anyway, starring Rithik Roshan and Ashwaryarai Bhakchang. Yeah. Two terribly unfortunate people. Very, very unfortunate people. I mean, throughout the movie, you're not wanting just... Did you find yourself the whole time going, just make a baby already? You want to see what that baby looks like? I think we said that multiple times. Make a baby. Regardless, it's came out two days late. I'm sure most of you have seen this film. If you haven't, it's on Netflix for us. If you have three and a half hours, go watch it. In fact, if you fast forward the songs, it's probably a good two and a half. Yeah, you could knock out some time, but you're not going to want to fast forward those songs. You don't want to fast forward those songs, man. No. Regardless. So if you haven't seen it, go watch it and come back unless you want to be spoiled. And I think most of you have already seen the film. Rick, your initial thoughts, please. I'm wondering if we have another dev dose on our hands. Uh-huh. That was my thought when I was watching it. What do you think about it? Okay. So aside from the sword play and the fight scenes, which even then, for some reason, I was okay with it, I loved it. We've got another dev dose, don't we? No, I liked it, too. Oh, you did! No, I, okay. I did have problems. It's got some flaws. It's got some flaws. And I'm sure you can already know some of the things that I'm going to point out. But overall, even, I could have gotten through this entire thing in one sitting. How many sittings did you do? I did it in two. I started it, I watched an hour and a half of it last night and then finished the rest of it today. So I did it in two sittings. We watched it, I think, starting Friday night after Leland went down, because we have to watch stuff when Leland is asleep. There's no way we can watch anything while he's awake. He's too, too busy. So we started it, but we got, I think, two hours, 40 in, and I was into it, and I was like, I could finish it, but I started to get a little drowsy, and so I was like, I don't want to accidentally fall asleep or miss something. That's what was happening to me. The time I started it last night, it was late, and I was getting sleepy, and I thought, I'm not going to force myself. I don't want to miss. I want to enjoy this. So, poor Leland, he heard what you said about the fact that you can't watch movies when he's awake. That's true. That's true. So that says a lot about a three and a half hour film that I was like, I could watch this entire thing in one sitting. That's very few films that can do that. It gave me what I was wanting. From all we've seen with the numbers and expecting, it was the historic epic I was hoping it would be. Yes. And we'll get into the issues I have, but for the most part, I really enjoyed this film. This director just knows how to make a good movie. Yeah. He, like, Lagan, Swades, this, they all have flaws, but they're just all entertainers, man. They really are. They keep your attention. That says a lot. And one of my most favorite things about the direction of this film is a collaborative effort that's with him and his production design and art direction. Because I'm not a big fan of lighter pale colors like the light yellows and the oranges and the whites for that amount of time. For him to have created what he did and what the team did with basically majority of the shots were just plain daylight. He didn't, it wasn't Sanjay Lila Bansali lights and color and framings, but it was no less beautiful to me. In fact, in many ways, a different level of kind of beauty because that is a really difficult thing to pull off. For three hours worth of stimulation for you to be watching, it carried this, the element of what the art direction and the production team had put together. I really can't say enough about their use of color and their use of natural lighting that a lot of other directors, you'd be just bored, spitless and go, this is so nothing. But it was everything. I think the direction was really, really, that's obviously what we'll talk about first. He once again knows how to make a really entertaining film and I'm glad they focused more on the relationship than the battles, which was one of the things we'll get into later because obviously to make, I don't want to get into it now, we'll get into the, that's one of the issues I had and I'm sure you did as well, it was any of the action scenes, but we'll get into that later. But he focused on the love story between, which I think at the end, I'm going to talk back to you and said, there was nothing really written about these two. Apparently so. Yeah, and there's lots of stories. I loved how at the very beginning, they gave the disclaimer that said, you know, we're not saying that this is the story. There's probably a bunch of different stories. Yeah. Also, I'm going to sneeze. The grass pollen has been really brutal today. So if I sneeze 47 times, it isn't coronavirus. It's the grass pollen around. But yeah, there it is gross. But yeah, so I thought he did a really good job building that relationship with the two. And so let's talk. This is one of my favorite, if not my favorite performance from Rithik. There were certain aspects of the way it was directed that I sometimes had an issue with in terms of I'll get into that. But in terms of his performance, I thought for the most part he gave a really subtle, really good performance. I agree. And I liked it a lot like this. And then I'd say probably Super 30. Yeah, I have a I have a much more entertaining film than Super 30. Yeah, I don't know what it is about his. I don't know what it is about the Deborah film that that I love so much. But that that for me is probably I would put it Deborah Joe to Akbar. Super deluxe. I mean, Super 30, Super deluxe. Rithik was in Super deluxe. He was the alien. He was so good. They didn't even know he was the alien. So I agree with you. I felt, yeah, the other thing I love, which is a which is a credit to the direction. I loved how everybody carried themselves, particularly since the majority of the story is told within the regality of the court, everybody carried themselves and delivered their dialogue with what would be not an affectation to convey the the the dramaturgy, but but an affectation of what regal status you would imagine carried in the 16th century. Yeah, yeah. And Ashwarya. Come on, Tom, I work. She's always wonderful, but she was especially wonderful in this. She she she gave a really great performance equal to I think Gershnach, which was also Rithik. Exactly. I don't know. Sorry. But I think she gave a really good, powerful performance and you genuinely really cared for these characters. Yeah, I want them to be together. Yep, so did. And so that that was really, really good, because obviously this huge conflict of, you know, different religions at the at the same time.  And I thought they did a really, really good job of building that. I missed her eyes. I know we were being historical. Yeah, but when you when you have and she was crying sometimes, I know, I know when you when you have two of the arguably most beautiful people that ever be on screen, gorgeous people and not just their faces, but their eyes.  They're gorgeous. The whole time you're like, OK, make babies. Just make the babies. We want to see what your babies look like. And I geeked out on OK, when we reacted to the song where it's the consummation of them sharing their love for each other, it was beautiful to watch. But to see it in the context of the film and build to it. Yeah, I was great. I geeked. I loved it. I actually when we post this review on my Instagram, I'm going to post because I recorded myself geeking out to the moment and I sent it. I sent it to Andrani because it was everything I wanted it to be. And one of my favorite lines in the whole film. And I really hope this was a word for word translation from the Hindi when she said, I love you. And then she said, do you feel the same? His words were, I love you a lot. It was perfect. I loved it. And A.R. Ramon's music, man. He's going to go. He's going to play. I hope you got more work after this. The score. Yeah, but that song in particular, all the songs on the twirling dervish is a love saying it again. That's such a great one. The song praising him as the emperor is great with the drums. And so, yeah, yeah, it was all great. This cinematography, the set design, gorgeous, really, really gorgeous. Let's start with some of the supporting actors. It was a bunch. But your guy with his name. Yeah, the two the two guys. My guy from Lagann, who I just, I just love his face, man, is Rajesh Vivek. Rajesh Vivek. From Lagann, right? From Lagann, where we first saw him. And I wanted, I was like, where is he? I want to see him some more. I just, I love his screen presence. I love his face. And then obviously, you know who Shaji Chaudhary is, right? Hmm, hold on. Which one was he? Well, he had an even smaller role in this. Was that Big Bull? No. No. No, it's Merzoper. Our guy we love, who's the right-hand man bodyguard of... McBool. He was... Yes, yes, that's right, McBool. Yes, his name is... I thought you, when you said McBool... He wasn't in it very much, though. I thought you meant the movie McBool. No, no, no. No. Yeah, the character... He wasn't in this very much. No, he wasn't, but he was there. Yeah, yeah. It was cool to see him. It was cool to see him. So yeah, I thought that. I thought the girl who wasn't his mother, but played the mother... The nurse, the nurse maid? Yeah. I thought she did a really good job. I did too. I liked her character. I mean, I didn't like her character, but I liked what she did. She was very, very believable. Yeah, I also thought... The brother? The brother. I thought he was really... He looked very... He looked almost like a bokchon. I kept looking at him thinking, okay, I know it's not Abyshek bokchon, but man, he looks like a bokchon, especially around the eyes. Is that Sonu... Yeah, Sonu So... Yeah, Barry bokchon-yich. He could play Abyshek bokchon's brother. Yeah, like that's... My wife was like, is that Bigby's son? And I had to look it up. I was like, I don't think so. I knew it wasn't, but it was enough that I thought, that's not Abyshek bokchon. Man, he looks like a bokchon. Yeah, I thought he did a great job. He did a really good job. Everybody as a whole did a really good job. Some of the issues I took were the action I think you mentioned at the beginning. Obviously that's just not where they put their money. And when you don't put enough money on a battle scene or in a fight scene, it just looks not as good as it should. And I liked the fact that... It didn't look bad. No, like the big fight sequence where you got a battle with a lot of soldiers in the beginning of the end. I love, they had a lot of background people and they had a lot of costuming and horses and it was epic and I love that. Closer stuff. It was the closer one-on-one stuff. Okay, so his fight with the elephant, his breaking the elephant, the sword play that Ashwarya had both with the guy she was fighting with and then with him. And then the final fight he had at the end. I just, the sword play and the stunt work was very lacking. They were doing their ample best, I think, but... But like I said, that's why I'm glad they... I was right when they opened it, it was a big battle. I was like, I'm hoping they're gonna... That's what I thought the movie was more about the relationship than any of the big battles. Yeah, I wasn't expecting a battle. So I was like, okay. So I'm assuming this is just gonna be a little part and that's what, that was the case. And so I didn't obviously knock it that much. There was some other melodramatic stuff that, you know, it just gets me, especially when anything was revealed. Like, any like big shock and Rithik is watching. Dun dun dun! Yeah, I'm like, why? Okay, you don't do that! So you need to know something. That is so cliched and has been cliched for so long in American cinema that in the film High Anxiety, Mel Brooks's film, which came out in 1977, ladies and gentlemen, they specifically, when a moment like that happens, there's moments where Mel Brooks is in the elevator with his buddy and they say something revelatory and the orchestra goes, ba-ra! And the two guys go like this. 1977. So having melodramatic music accentuate something has been so cliche and funny for us for so long that to see it in the 2008 film, your inclination is to go, oh, good grief. But it didn't bother me as much as other films. And it wasn't in most of the film. It only happened three or four times. Yeah, so like, there were times and, you know, that's the one thing that always gets me, no matter which film, which region, anything, I don't care if it's Hollywood, Bollywood, Mollywood, I don't care. If there is melodramaticness, I'm not going to like it. Yeah. Not the film, but that part. In some films, like what we said in Injury M2, it was all throughout the film and that's what got us. It's one thing for it to happen two or three times. It's another for every revelatory statement to have it, like it did in Injury M2. And as far as the, I felt this way about the fight sequences that were the one-on-one kind of thing that just didn't work well. So if you know if you watch a show at Disneyland or any of the live shows that they do and there's a fight sequence on the stage, and it doesn't look really good, but you don't care because you're at Disneyland. That's how I felt with this. Yeah, absolutely. I would 100% watch this again and I can see why people, I think that's what was said to us in any song reactions, all the song reactions we did, and the trailers that like, it's a good film. It's long, but it's good. Yeah. And that, I would say that as well. I would definitely, if this was on I would absolutely sit and I would love to be in that world again. And watch it. I would absolutely do that. The length, this director is just good because Lagann, Swet, Swadesh, and this, all almost three and a half hours, all of them, but all are engaged and good films. So the dude likes long films, but at least he does it well. Absolutely. So that's an impressive feat. It's a very impressive feat to get you to want to just sit in a world like that for hours on end and be okay with it. Normal films here in Hollywood, you have to be Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, Marvel. Yeah. In order to be that length. Because I'll give you an example. The last really long film that came out was, well, no, it was Scorsese's. The Irishman. The Irishman.  And he did the same thing with, what was the one that takes place in Japan? Oh, silence. Yeah. We love that film. But again, it was like come to an end with the film, Marty. I mean, you're just, what are you doing? And you never get that with this director. No. At least in these three films. Nope. So I absolutely thank you guys for being patient. Yeah, really. And I got to say this too. I was so, after the climactic love song, right? I looked at the time on the film. Didn't Johnny like this film too much? Yeah, she liked this film a lot. She said, this film is about the love story and you're gonna love the chemistry with the Shwarya and Rithne. That's what it's gonna be about. So yeah, she loves this film. But I saw there was like 30 minutes left in the film and I started getting really bothered by the prospect of, if you kill one of these two people, I'm gonna be really mad. I probably would've loved that. You would've loved it. I was like, if either Joda or Akbar die. I didn't so much like the scene where her prayers got him back to life. I loved it. I loved it.  Another thing I did like and I felt this way throughout the film and it was kind of a through message that was happening without being a heavy handed thing was everybody could really take a lesson from one of the lines that Rithik has toward the end as we're bringing an end to the story and he's talking about what you guys say anything bad about my wife. We built a temple for her. We're gonna respect it. The level of empathy and inclusion and respect where his line, this isn't verbatim but he basically says in my kingdom there's gonna be respect for all beliefs. Just because someone has a different religious belief than you doesn't mean that we're gonna be antagonistic toward each other. Yeah. That's a message that can still resonate today. It's needed today all over the world. All over the world. In every different religion. Yeah. So I think they definitely had a really good message behind it and you just gotta love watching Rithik and Ashwarya, they have perfect chemistry. They were made, there's a saying about, the camera loves certain people. Oh it definitely loves them. Yeah, and then there's a whole other level of love. There's, that's sincerely, there, I would tell anybody, one of the reasons you wanna watch stuff from India among the millions of reasons is because Rithik Roshan and Ashwarya Rai Vakchand are two of the, if not arguably, the most cinematically beautiful people to ever grace the screen. They just were made to be on screen. And I really applaud, we've said this and we've noticed it about Ashwarya. I've called her the hardest working woman in Bollywood with the stuff that she does. But I really felt, I'd love to know what Rithik put into this because I feel like from what we saw, I feel like he poured everything of his heart and soul into trying to get this right. I think so too. Right? I really felt. That's why I say it might be my favorite performance of his. Yeah, when all is said and done, I would probably point to this because there's something about his effort in every way, the physicality of the character, the regality, the way he carried himself, the emotion in his eyes that was always genuine. In fact, we loved her in Gersnatch. I had moments of questioning where he was. Yeah, absolutely. I felt that he really applauded. This is probably my favorite Rithik performance. After you get down to it, obviously we need to see a lot more of Rithik. But thank you guys once again for being patient with us. Hope you are satisfied. Even though if we didn't like it, we still would have told you. And those of you waiting for Bahubali too, don't give up.


The Evergreen Youth Conference made a return to the Samford Center in Bemidji and this year more than 400 people are expected to attend. Our Cheryl Moore took a look at day one. We like to host this in Bemidji because I think for a lot of people in this line of work they often go to Minneapolis or they often go to place like St. Cloud for something like this and it gives them an opportunity to see a different part of the state. The 13th annual Evergreen Conference starts today with a packed house of professionals eager to learn about more ways to help our youth. What we try to do is reach across the state and even outside of the state of Minnesota to individuals and agencies who work with youth and families. That type of work is becoming it's always been in a big need but it's becoming more and more complicated by lots of different issues one of which would be like the opioid epidemic. This year's keynote speaker was Ken Winters. He spoke about the effects of marijuana usage in teens. I focused on three things one is on the potential to get addicted to the drug which looks to be elevated if you start using as a teenager. Second impact was on cognitive functioning particularly memory and and general intelligence. Then the third was mental health and how the importance of staying away from marijuana if you already are at risk for a mental illness. This year there are more than 20 boosts from agencies all over the state. Not to mention breakout sessions. The Evergreen Conference arrived day one up at five today but the event will be back tomorrow. The planning process for this event is it's a full year process so as soon as this one's done we'll start talking about how it's going to look for next year. Reporting in Bemidji, Shawmore, Lakeland News. The conference will start back up again tomorrow morning beginning at 9 a.m. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


One thing I love talking about is Zelda, right? Tears of the Kingdom is my favorite Zelda game of all time. I've been covering Zelda for decades at this point. And I just love the idea of trying to figure out what Nintendo is gonna be releasing for Zelda now. They talked in years past how they wanna get something Zelda out every single year. Obviously last year was Tears of the Kingdom, so the question is what is happening this year? Now, we've had some rumors from people like Zippo, who's blog was nuked and others about an Ocarina of Time remake. And we've talked about that to some extent and how exciting that would be. I do think something like that would take a bit of time and I'm not sure that it's been in development for years. Could have even started development last year. So I think something like that might not come till 2025, maybe 2026. We'll have to wait and see, but that kinda leaves this year open. And what could Nintendo do? Cause we widely believe that this is gonna be a transition year from Switch to the next system. So what could Nintendo want out Zelda-wise that could really maybe take advantage of both systems and take advantage of the old audience and then the new audience on Switch too. And that's how we get back to this idea of the Wind Waker and Twilight Princess HD. Now, I realize them releasing them as a combo pack is something many of us have wanted for some time and we think makes a lot of sense because they already released them individually. We also know these are massive Zelda games for Nintendo and there is a chance that maybe they would release them individually on their own as well. But however Nintendo decides to do it, I think there is a high likelihood that this could be the year. And no, this isn't because Jeff Grubb or anyone else is out there saying this is gonna happen. And maybe that's the biggest reason to believe we will get these games this year is because the typical people who have talked about this aren't talking about it anymore. We've had Andy Robinson and several other insiders say that these games are done and sitting on a shelf and when is Nintendo gonna release them? And then Jeff Grubb obviously falsely saying they were gonna come out a couple of years ago and that never happened and I know some of you guys will never let him live that down. But the point is that it does seem like these would be obvious ports. They're Wii U games at this point. The ones we're talking about, the HD remasters. And it would make a lot of sense to bring them over. Now I've speculated they might be holding back so they can do them in 4K, 60 FPS, all of that stuff over on Switch 2. But what if they're doing both? What if it's gonna be this dual release game or this backwards compatible game? It just happens to have new features and upgraded stuff on Nintendo Switch 2. Now some things would need to get reworked. It's quite interesting because like the tingle bottles that they replace the whole tingle quest with in Wind Waker HD, would that even need to be reworked? That I don't know. I know like, oh, use the second screen for that. That could easily just be a menu. So I don't know that there's a lot of reworking that needs to be done for that. In fact, most of the Wii U features, I'm not really that worried about the reworking of them. Look, yeah, they put the inventory on the screen and all that. This is all stuff they could easily go back to a menu system for. But I do think that it makes a lot of sense for these games to arrive this year. And that's because it's a transition year. And with it being a transition year, having transitionary games makes sense. Now I do think that Nintendo tends to have a really big remake or remaster for Zelda really early on in console life cycles when there isn't a new Zelda game launching the system. There actually is a pretty decent history of that. And that's what I think the Ocarina of Time remake could be. But we're talking about this year. We're talking about filling out Nintendo Switch and continuing to have Switch games come out. And the big thing to remember is that Wind Waker and Twilight Princess are technically both originally GameCube games. And we heard from Emily Rogers, one of the very last things she put out there before she retired from being an insider is that they were going to end this generation with a ton of GameCube remasters. And that's exactly what we have seen, right? We were already seeing that in play. I mean, just forget last year even, right? Pikmin, one, two, forget all of that stuff. Look at this year, right? We have a thousand year door, right? Now Luigi's Mansion 2, yeah, okay, that's technically a 3DS game. But I'm just throwing out there that we've already seen remasters from GameCube last year. We have one this year. This would just be more to add to that pile. And if they released it as a collection pack, they can maybe even charge $70 where you're actually paying 35 for each game. They can also sell them individually on the eShop, of course. And that to me would make a ton of sense. These are high value, highly sought after Zelda games. The HD versions are actually quite expensive to get your hands on because there's only a limited number of copies because, well, the Wii U really sold a limited number of systems. So there's an entire Zelda audience now as well that bought Breath of the Wild and tears the kingdom that never played these games that might jump at the chance to try out some classic Zelda goodness. Plus you have the OG fans that maybe just didn't buy a Wii U that wanna have these games in HD, 60 FPS and all of that on their current systems. Look, there's a lot of reasons for us to want to win Waker and Twilight Princess HD. The thing is, will Nintendo actually do it? And while I was looking at Nintendo's release slate of Zelda games over the last decade, it actually feels like this is the year to slot them in. If not both of them, at least one, but because they're so intrinsically linked together, if they do happen to just be ports of the Wii U version, specifically on Switch, you know, with some minor tweaks to make everything work in the UI, then I do think that they will probably be a combo pack this year. Now again, they could spread it out, they could release one this year, release one next year. That's always possible and I won't put it past Nintendo because these are big Zelda games and they've never been comboed together truly before, but we'll have to wait and see. What I wanna know is, do you guys agree that these games should come out this year, that now is the right time and that having versions for both systems or there's some upgrades with Switch too, but it's still on Switch is a good idea, a cross-generational release as it were. I think it makes a lot of sense, it gets something Zelda early in the Switch Choose Life cycle, gives us something Zelda, you know, this year on Switch when they're trying to do something Zelda every year. And honestly, I kind of feel like a combo pack at 70 bucks is just a good value. I don't know, maybe I'm crazy, you guys let me know what you think down in the comments below. I am Nathaniel Rubblejans from Nintendo Prime and we'll catch you in the next video.