Hello and welcome to a new episode of downstream Navara Media's interview series examining all things politics, culture and political culture. It's basically Frost v Nixon if both Frost and Nixon were played by Muppets. That's the vibe. I am beyond gassed to introduce this week's guest. She is an accomplished vocalist, a show director, a seamstress. She can do things with her hip flexors that I can't even pronounce. And unless you've been living under a rock for the last year, you'll also recognize her from the very first season of RuPaul's Drag Race UK where she came first to run it up and was never, not once in the bottom two as far as I can tell. Wow. Achievements, Davina De Campo. Welcome to the show.  Here I am. You've got the Muppet to appear on the Vara Media. People with discernment and judgment don't end up here. What are you doing? Because everyone talks about 2020 being a wild year and then 2021 comes in just straight, hoffing glue. Yeah, I mean it's the whole, this whole year has been crazy and then we're at what, eight days in, nine days in and it's already absolutely bonkers. We've got people in America breaking into Capitol Hill and you can see the pathway to that here as well, you know. So yeah, we're in for a wild ride, I think. I love how we've got like literally like a communist talking to Marie Antoinette in the shell suit and that's actually one of the saner elements of this year. Just don't smoke around me. That's what I'm saying. Don't, don't like any cigarettes or no naked flames. I know I'll be like a 90s nightmare. I mean, I pretty much am a 90s. I mean I can imagine like if I bumped into you on my acid trip just being like, oh wow.  I mean for the sake of transparency I should probably say that I was team divina for your season of drag race and for me it started when you came out and there was that first look which was about representing your hometown I think and you had these trumpets coming out your teeth and what it struck me as is that it was a real celebration of like northern working-class industrial culture. So it was like tea shop on acid, miners, brass bands, all of that. I hadn't seen drag from this country which represented that aspect of British working-class history. Was that like a conscious thing for you? Well like Brickhouse is very much that. Like it is a real working-class and an industrial town. It suffered from all of the 80s malarkey that went on and that's its roots and it's famous for a brass band and which is obviously where the brass band comes from. They were in Brass Dough and they literally were world famous in the brass circle, the Brickhouse and Brass Band. So that was where that came from and then I was just pulling elements of Brickhouse and its history in there. So around my neck I had this brass canal barge because Brickhouse became an industrial hub because of the canals and without the canals Brickhouse wouldn't have grown up into the little town that it became and the house that I grew up in actually was built by a mill owner as well. So one of the owners built the house that I grew up in in 1875. So you know I have these real strong links to that industrial part of Brickhouse's history and then of course we're surrounded by Bradford, Halifax, Huddersfield and all of those mill towns as well.  Do you know I mean not like party political but it's saying like I align myself with this certain class of people. Yeah absolutely. I mean I can't say that I am from a working class background. I'm not. We were really lucky like the house I'm talking about it was a mill owner's house. So you know dad was a doctor, mum was a nurse, both of them are educated, both of them had been to university. All of us have been to university all seven of us but we very much went to schools that were very mixed. So it wasn't like oh these are all middle-class you know easy life kids absolutely not. It was a very very broad mix of kids that I was mingling with and so you know I really understand what that's like and just because we were in that house also doesn't mean that everything was easy you know when as most people's parents did through the 90s when they broke up when their marriage dissolved you know we were we were on eight p. loaves of bread and three p. noodles you know that's you know so we were we were really on on the the edge of things you know track mum was doing her absolute best to make make ends meet very very difficult. I mean so what was it like growing up in Brighals going to school and also like knowing that there were things about you in terms of your sexual identity your gender expression which marked you out as different. Yeah I mean I was always campus tits like I'm you know I am the the veritable row of tents the stereotype I loved Barbara Streisand and Judy Garland ever since I was tiny I don't know whether it was her wonky eye or whether it was just her singing I don't know but I I have always been that you know stereotype of oh there's a gay person so you know Julia and Clary was like me but oh there's there's somebody doing what actually I would really like you know that's that's me and growing up in a place like Brighals which has a tendency to be quite inwards looking that's not always that easy you know with those little towns where you grow up there you get a job in the town you work in town you live in the town you don't leave the town why would you leave the town stay in the town the town everything's about the town. It's like interviewing Lisa Nandy. I hope I've got better eyebrows but you know it's very like that and for somebody who doesn't fit into those pre prescribed this is what men do this is what women do this is how men behave this is how women behave this is how you're supposed to live your life and for somebody who from just a really really early age clearly does not fit in with those predetermined roles it was very difficult it was genuinely very difficult it's also that thing of coming out from the 80s and that huge homophobic backlash you know precipitated by the AIDS crisis something that my mum said to me she was terribly disappointed when I came out as straight she was like not even a little bit bicurious she was like here I am like feminist open inclusive mother and I've raised like two heterosexual girls this is awful when my stepbrother came out she was punching the air she was like at last I can prove myself but one of the things that she said was that in the 90s as a parent you had no idea how to safely socialize your gay or queer child into their identity and their sexuality whereas there's a pathway for straight kids like there's your school discos and you go to nandos for your day and you can do that safely whereas if you're a parent of you know a queer kid particularly then because it was seen as like predatory or like you know somehow dirty or wrong or dangerous there was just not that obvious thing for parents to help their kids grow into themselves yeah very that and I think when I did come out I was 14 so I'm still very young um we were on holiday uh in Ibiza um probably you know maybe not the easiest best time for me to do that but oh well um but you were 14 what were you supposed to do like have the pyro gather everyone in the library and yeah I mean maybe right come into the lobby everybody I've got an announcement uh no so I that was definitely something that my mum really struggled with and I think that that's you know she reacted really badly and I think she would fully admit that she reacted very badly um we haven't talked about it but I think I think she'd admit that um and I and I think that that is a big part of the reason why because you know she she was born in the 50s it's still illegal to be gay she's um seen the way that people treat gay people then the AIDS crisis happens so that's like still fresh in everybody's mind who is that generation um and then your your son says oh I'm gay and you think right he's going to end up dead on a hospital bed isolated from everybody great um so I think for her that was a real struggle to sort of work out how how do I um how do I support my kids in a world which will not be kind and I think in some ways my mum had a difference she knew she had to raise me to be brown right she's brown I'm brown so she's like the world's going to hate you here's what you need whereas I think if you're a straight parent you're raising a gay child and you don't necessarily have those reference points for this is like the armor that you need and this is what's going to protect you and and keep you feeling proud in who you are then it yeah it must be really confusing I mean you've you've done work in schools do you see a difference now for those kids who are different or do you still think it's pretty bad in in the schools where the work is being done um absolutely yes it is a completely different scenario for those kids um so the last school that I was working in you know properly working in they really did do the work um it was a very uh accepting and loving um a real kind of community spirit in the school like it out of everywhere that I've worked it really felt like a family you know the the school felt like a family and um so of course you know people still fall out and there's arguments and disagreements but that's family um but everybody everybody was kind of supporting each other and when I got any homophobic abuse from anybody the kids were outraged about it um after I'd left the deputy headmistress was talking to them about um how I'd got married um a couple of years ago and and before then it wasn't it wasn't legal for me to get married and they were like what are you talking about what do you mean gay people couldn't get married that's insane who would who would do that why why would that be a thing that's ridiculous you know so for them it wasn't even on their radar um to be homophobic you know obviously some kids were but um the majority of the school were great but having said that you know probably three years prior to that I'd been working in schools where absolutely the work was not being done and uh and it would have still been a really really difficult experience for um kids in in those schools I mean you know because I went to schools like early 2000s that's when I was at school and I went to an all-girls school which was like a hormone nuke going off all the time sounds like great fun it was and it was also like because it's all girls and you know just estrogen flooding your body like it was in one way like weirdly highly sexualized like you'd run a corner girls like do you want to see my tits then you know they knew they just grew yesterday but that was at the same time like really homophobic like the worst thing you could be was suspected of being a lesbian or fancying other girls and I remember finding that confusing at the time and and you know it was a pretty you know an interesting journey for me to heterosexuality but then I just thought what must it what must it have been like for a girl who was sort of you know growing into their sexuality having these feelings and it's this like two things turned up to 11 like one is like you know constant bodies and closeness and the other is like very extreme violent regulation of yeah what's okay and what's not okay yeah and I think okay so I think that there's a major problem in our school system anyway I think that the deregulation of it is really damaging to lots of kids in lots and lots of ways I think having religious schools and academies which don't have to follow a set because they don't have to follow the curriculum in the same way which means that they don't have to teach about gay people or about lesbianism or trans people in the same way that a normal state school would do and I think that that's really damaging because it doesn't it allows too much of the head teacher or the academy heads agenda and that damages people who are in a minority it allows that fostering of misunderstanding to happen I mean you can see that with trans rights in particular like we're at this moment of backlash yeah and you've got the government you know you turning on amendments to the GRA you've got a kind of renewed moral panic about changing rooms toilets and you've also got this sense of you know particularly if you're a trans woman you can't win if you want to transition when you're young and access hormonal treatment you've got court rulings saying that's going to be a lot more difficult and then if you transition when you're older and perhaps your facial features aren't so like traditionally feminine you will be seen as like you know kind of a pervert you know a man in a dress and like demonised for it what role do you think something like drag race has in helping along the cause of trans rights in particular oh there it is there's the bomb tell me what you think about that hey okay well I'm I'm just gonna also go back to trans women can't win because if they if they do all the things that a woman is supposed to do and you've got the long hair and the eyelashes and the big tits and this and and you're overly sexualized then you're a parody and if you don't do enough of that then you're a failure so whether whether you transition early or late either way people are going to be criticising you because you are trying too hard to that horrible phrase pass or not hard enough you're too too manly you're too feminine you're too that you know and it's it's all the same arguments that we heard in the 80s about lesbian and gay people and it's just repackaged for another and it's it easier it's an easier way of doing it okay so okay so the contentious bit okay so drag race and trans issues and how does it help I'm not sure it does um honestly I'm not sure that trans that trans issues and um and the struggles that trans people go through are helped actually by drag race um I think that there's there's already a misconception in the general public about um drag and trans um that uh a if you're a drag queen you must be trans or if you are trans that you are not able to do drag or you are in fact just doing drag um because I think that there's not enough information out there about the the differences between sexuality gender and gender identity because gender and gender identity are not necessarily the same thing either um you know when I talk about gender I'm talking about the social construct the idea that this is what a man should do and this is what a woman should do and that to me is false and it always has been false but it's been something that's been put into uh the way that we organize our society by other forces maybe the church and maybe some religious I don't know maybe I do know maybe that's exactly where it's come from um and and so uh I I'm not sure that drag race does as much as it could to um to challenge some of those issues and problems and and enough to educate people about it you know I talked about being non-binary when I was on the show but you don't see any of that um because it's not a conversation that that they were wanting to have at that point because that's something that I kind of wanted to raise about in particular the UK because in the UK liberals and feminists see trans rights as so much more contentious than their counterparts do in say America or even Ireland where the idea of trans rights is kind of you know that bit more normalized and you think then about the particularities of UK you know drag culture as entertainment it was very much you know pantomime dame you know that there's a difference between the man playing the character and the character and so then when you take the example of Eddie Azar who very recently has said I want to be addressed with you know feminine pronouns she and her lots of people who were big supporters of Eddie Azar when he was just man in a dress now when she wants to be taken seriously in her gender identity it's unacceptable so thinking about the limitations of drag race is it because it's entertainment so it's not unboxing um you know gender subversion from entertainment for cisgender straight people I think that's a very kind interpretation I'm not sure that's necessarily true I think that there is a lack of will actually in the upper echelons to to talk about that stuff and I think some of that is because it is contentious because it is difficult because it is thorny and it's easier to just go okay we'll not talk about that actually um when actually there is there is so much good that it could be doing um that it's it's choosing not to I mean do you think that you being non-binary is more contentious than you doing drag that one is seen as kind of more subversive or dangerous or weird than the other I I think it's difficult there's a there's a point in a lot of people's lives where um where once they were pushing boundaries um where they become comfortable and they no longer see that there are any boundaries because their life is comfortable and and so you forget that actually your experience is not the same as everybody else's and uh not everybody else um has the opportunities that you do and just because you managed to make it through the rap trap it doesn't mean that those other people didn't work just as hard but just weren't given the same opportunities um and I think that there is an element of that oh my god this is this is going to get me blacklisted I mean I think I think it's important because I'm not trying to say that oh oh there's a RuPaul industrial complex but you know through those seasons of drag race you know drag has itself become this huge commodity and a kind of global industry and look at the target audience right you know I'm a prudish heterosexual living in zone three and I'm like yeah it's clean like you know it's I'm the audience of basics that's like loving it eating it up but that's also constraining because it says that to be successful as a drag artist you've got to be relatively depoliticized so you're kind of broadly liberal but you can't be like guess what I'm a socialist and I think that like you need medicare for all like austerity is a bag of shit you know you can't be saying that stuff and it's also you can't you've got to be a kind of drag which is safe for straight people like me to consume and feel easy about it can't there's a limit to how challenging it can be but if if that's going to be the case then you can't continuously be calling drag punk because it's not that's the least punk thing in the whole world that I'm gonna sanitize this and make it safe for everybody you know like I change what I do let me just be Donald Trump for a second just happen there oh my god um I I absolutely change the kind of material that I do depending on who my audience is you know so if I know that my audience is full of 18 year old kids I'm not going to sing zing went the strings of my heart that makes no sense but equally if I'm doing an audience of 70 year olds you know I'm doing an old people's home then maybe I will do that maybe maybe that will be something that'll happen and likewise I'm not going to talk about um the complete restructuring of the socioeconomics of the UK on a Friday night in a pub that's not going to happen because that's just not an appropriate platform for me to do oh that's why I don't have any friends I mean partly because that's not what I'm being paid to do you know what I mean but if I'm if I'm making a theatre show and that is very clearly uh what this show is about so we did a show Dancing Bear which was um about sex gender and religion you know all we needed to do was throw in some politics there and we've got the the whole lot of it um and so that very clearly is about that and that is the product that that is there for us to talk about at that point so I don't think that you have to always talk about everything all the time um but equally I think that there there isn't an onus on you as actually as a drag queen um to be talking about politics and talking about um how those politics uh interact and oh oh my earphone interact and affect um people's people's lives you know there is a responsibility to being a drag queen I think so one thing that I've always been interested in about reality tv because I'm fascinated by reality tv I reality I love when you can see the stitches almost or you can see the strings and when you know something's produced I feel I love it for some reason and I was thinking about the particular challenge of drag race because Davina De Campo represents probably many aspects of your personality but is also a character and then you've got the de-dragged you who's on the show and interacting with the other queens and doing the confessionals and there's an element of performance there like did drag race in some ways trouble the distinction between the drag and not drag you because you're having to perform all the time for it um there isn't I mean honestly I'm you know UK drag is very character based and mine is less of that um so Davina is really just an extension of oh oh my god I didn't even say my own name I don't know who that person is really um you know I kind of am Davina really um I spend most of my time working and thinking and orienting my life around the work that I make so um so there isn't much of the other person they are a homogenous cohesive whole um and in terms of performing on the show the only times where I really thought about performing were once I was on the runway or on the main stage I never I never really thought about that performative aspect behind the scenes um that is just actually how I am um and that was one of the only things that that was my only agenda going in actually was that I was going to be as much myself as you you know you can't completely be yourself because it's a very false environment um but that was the only thing that I really wanted to do was to try and be as much myself as possible but you've also been performing for a long time so maybe there was an element of comfort with like well performing is me like that's what I do all the time that's how my life is structured uh yes absolutely and if 2020 has shown me anything that my self-worth is completely anchored to my work I want to die oh god that's what I've hated about lockdown is like I'm spending so much time with myself and that's horrible like yeah you know I kind of suck I need other people to take the edge off exactly I'm too miserable most of the time those little external validation don't knock it those gremlins in my brain need need those other people going yeah you rock for me not to feel like I'm worthless I know you're just like where's the serotonin gone like that's what there's that that feels like a 90s grunge track where's the serotonin gone it was born in 1992 so it was just enough time to absorb some of that grunge like before it was on its way out a bit savage garden there oh my god my sister really liked garbage she was like John Manson was like the shit or as for me I would like had my pop culture from you know when I was like 11 upwards grime was kicking off in such a big way in London but I also really loved goths so I was like wearing black lipstick and listening to like you know boy better know and stuff like that like yeah like it was just really incongruous I'm like grime plus I want to be a goth and then I realized that it's quite hard to be a brown goth because none of the makeup was made for you so it just looks really ashy all the time I mean welcome to my world oh this is this is like the strategic political alliance between like drag queens and failed brown goths they that's who'll deliver the revolution a red flag and a silver dress I'm ready I mean I I think maybe I want to ask you another contentious thing okay except I'm not sure if it's actually contentious or if it's just purely a product of my imagination okay and that is the whole snatch game thing of you and bag of chips both wanting to do Thatcher because I wanted to see your Thatcher I kind of imagined that maybe there'd be like some interesting layering and stuff going on there and I'm not sure if it was like the editing and how reaction shots were put together but I felt like I detected like an element of discomfort from you and maybe was that to do with bagger has openly voted conservative so she's not coming at it from as critical a point of view as you might have like was I imagining that was that real I should probably clear up some little bits about bagger a lot of what bagger does online is just for effect so she's a troll and she's spent I mean before drag race she spent at least the last eight years trolling everybody as much as she possibly could you know so she'd be saying things I absolutely love them yeah and and she's just trolling people you know because we've not had a government that's been as far right as as the current crop are I mean for a very very very long time you know there's not been people in power who have held such right wing views for a very long time so she's you know been trolling people just so I you know I'm just going to put that out there and in terms of snatch game as soon as I saw bagger I knew that she was going to be doing that show you know so I walked into that work room where I was like oh no but like looking at it now do I think I would have done a better job than her no because that discomfort that discomfort that you saw was because I sat down in that chair and I lost my mind I absolutely lost my mind I I mean sometimes you have a good date other times you have a bad day you know like we did the puppet challenge which is essentially the same thing just make it up on the spot everybody else went to pieces and I I was I just was like yeah I can totally do this this is fine let's just make it up off we go because I was relaxed by that point snatch game I was still so in my head and I was just waiting for somebody to tap me on the shoulder and say I'm really sorry we made a mistake we meant a different divina you need to leave you know that pure imposter syndrome thing so if I done that do I think I would have done a good job no I don't think I would actually not on that day not on that day I just was not in the right place for it I would have still sat in that chair and gone save me somebody help me I'm having a breakdown I mean do you do you feel like you'd want to return and do another snatch game now that you've got that kind of experience and confidence or are you just like that's cancelled that's over never again I mean I'm probably cancelled anyway now after saying what I've said so so would I want to go back I think even if they asked me for all stars I probably would go back am I desperate to go back and prove myself in snatch game no that's not really what I do that's not my that's not my modus operandi for track you know like I am just very honest and open and there are things which obviously is a joke and then there are things which obviously are not a joke when I'm when I'm working and and performing and and it's it's about how how you as an audience read that I mean I think another thing that I found really interesting about the range of things that you did was you came in and I was like campy like you know very like British like room above a pub drag I love it and then it was there like posh on a penny challenge where you made that amazing outfit and trousers out of the laundry bags which again is very British because I was just like on Walthamstow high street those are the bags which you see hanging out of the shops all the time but was like very avant-garde you can see like the influences of peak burns it was beautifully tailored and I suppose I mean this is a weirdly big question to ask but how do you assemble that range of cultural interests like well you are the things that you've returned to again and again you're old that's that's all it is you know I've just had a lot more time to cook than everybody else so you know like blue is an amazing makeup artist but has she had as much time to cook about socio-political stuff and about gender theory and about dance history and you know no she just hasn't had as much time so so I've just had a long time to read and I love reading and I love finding things out and learning stuff and I'd done I'd done a film with sick finger studios it was one of those random acts things for channel four and they do loads and loads of like high fashion editorial shoots and and I'm like fashion is if you look at any of the clothes that are in actually wears clearly fashion is not the thing for me do you own a pair of cargo pants be honest with me no I don't own cargo pants I'm the flares queen like flares big stompy boots that kind of very 70s never been back in style fashion I have flares I have some rust coloured silk flares I'm just waiting waiting for them to be cool I'm not waiting I never have I'm just gonna wear what I like and that's what I like but they working with them really got me into you know looking at fashion so I'd been looking at McQueen and Westwood and then some of Bowie's stuff and going through the avant-garde outfits that people like Bjork wear so looking at the sort of avant-garde outfits of different musicians and pop stars and stuff like that those were those were the things that I'd been looking at from working with this company that I just had those references in my head and so I was thinking okay what out of all of this that's on on the floor in front of me what do I what do I think I could make that would wouldn't look out of place on a runway you know so I was looking at real runway rather than oh it's a drag runway you know I was looking at what is an honest interpretation of what I I would put on you know if I was doing a collection what what would I want to put on on the runway and that was that was one of the things that I sort of came up with I mean so I guess to kind of like round off a bit um drag has obviously been massively impacted by the pandemic just like the entirety of the performing arts has and there's been a bit of controversy recently about Trinity the talk doing a drag branch everyone's going crazy online I'm not going to ask for your take on that specific situation what I am going to ask about is how do you know drag queens navigate between having to make a living and perform whilst also being responsible during a pandemic and there's a very judgment or social media culture around if you're doing the wrong thing you know yeah absolutely well I mean some of that is just about um would I I try and kind of frame stuff as um you know with that would I be happy if my grandma came you know so if my I'm obviously going to sing some filthy songs and make some dirty jokes but would I be happy if she was in that environment and if I'm not happy if I don't feel like she would be safe in that environment then I probably shouldn't be doing it um so in terms of a global pandemic I think that that's a good rule of thumb um and I I think that in terms of um branding deals and people that you associate with or work with I think that there's a similar rule of thumb that if you if you feel like you would be judging somebody for working with that person then you probably shouldn't do it either you know if you're not into uh exploiting people in uh the third world then maybe don't be buying human hair wigs I don't know maybe that's something we could have a conversation about and there's also um you know some of the the makeup that we all use the shimmer that's in it comes from little kids who are mining it and it's terrible for their lungs and it causes long-term problems you know so you should be looking for um synthetic versions of that if you're not happy that children are going down mine so that you can have a shimmery face I mean so this is kind of almost returning to the punk point because there's some people who think that punk is about cynicism almost you're just so cynical about everything you don't give a fuck there you go and there's another way which goes well actually are you serious about social justice and taking on power and that's an element of punk so thinking about if you return to drag being punk do you go for full cynicism or do you go no I actually have a social conscience yeah I mean I don't I don't feel like that was what punk was really about anyway I think punk was just about challenging the establishment and saying this isn't the only way that you can do things and it's definitely not the right way that you do things um and I think that we can see that you know right now we've got the uh the minister against cronyism and corruption is married to somebody who's just been giving 21 billion pounds and thrown it down the bog well this is not the right way to do things that is not a good foundation for a a properly democratic society that we are literally just handing out um billions of pounds millions and billions of pounds to people who are you know Tory ministers mates I mean this is not a good system this is like very far away from the drag thing now but do you think that the kind of rampant cronyism and corruption any other country we would call it corruption yeah which is taking place during the pandemic it doesn't seem to have broken through is a big story people aren't as angry about billions being splashed around on these contracts but they were furious about MP's expenses like what's that about that they see some things as corruption and other things are just fine because they're not poor people it's just we've had you know the last 30 years of poverty porn and vilifying people right at the bottom that well but they're rich they that's that's what I want I want to be rich as well I want to stand on the top of people's heads with my boots so that I can get to the top and I just think that that's a really unhealthy um attitude for a society to have I mean some of it is that we're in the middle of a global pandemic and um I think in terms of people's uh list of priorities is that the top of their priority or is it more that actually they just want things to work and for us to get out of this Davina thank you so much for for joining us wait wait one last thing okay can my drag name be Cheskifo de Campo yes what does Cheskifo mean it means disgusting and it was what do you know de Campo was like yelling on Saturday kitchen when he got pissed off with that girl for putting salad cream on a lasagna so he was like Cheskifo Cheskifo so I just thought he's wrong but yeah that's a great word you're you're a salad cream on lasagna person listen salad cream mayonnaise get it on there love that I'm not sure if that's a Yorkshire thing it's my partner's from Barnsley and he's just like I will make like a beautifully spiced thing and he's just like squirting mayo all over the place I am all about the mayo love love love it I lost me found something that we disagree on I like I like mayonnaise on a crunchy chip but you know I'm bougie I want my triple quick chip with some homemade mayo it's not squirty salad cream on on lasagna that's not I'm into it I'm sorry I like that all right so that's what you're going to get cancelled for that's what I've decided um but Davina thank you so so much for joining us thank you for having me what a joy so that was the most fun I've ever had during an interview if you enjoyed it and you want to find some more bangin content go to navaramedia.com you can subscribe to us on YouTube you can follow us on Twitter on Facebook and Instagram and you should also keep an eye on us on iTunes and if you really liked that content or you really hated it and you want to improve it you could go to navara.media.com forward slash support to give us the equivalent of one hour of your wage per month so we can keep working around the clock to bring you the kind of news and analysis that you just don't find anywhere else happy new year and I'll see you in a bit


I had a Polish professor, her name is Agnes, I'm from Holstown right now, I saw these guys right here.


Hey coach, welcome back to the channel. If you haven't yet, subscribe because every single day we put out content which is designed to help you with your sports coaching business. Now if at the end of this video you want to get in contact with me and you want to schedule a free 15 to 20 minute call to discuss your business, I can show you ways in order to start to grow and to scale your coaching business in whatever sport you are currently specializing in. All right, so today I want to talk about how to make 200 pounds per month in your football coaching business. All right, so this video is more specific to UK based coaches or trainers, but the principles and the strategies behind it can be used in whichever country you are, right? So if you're in Canada, if you're in the United States, you're in Australia, wherever you are in the world, wherever you're watching this from, you can use the principles I'm about to share with you in order to make 200, 300, 400, 500 plus per month working with one to one clients. So a common question I get from trainers and coaches is how can I charge X amount per month for my training? Now the typical coach that I speak to on a regular basis every single day is a cultural trainer who is currently doing a session by session and is charging cash per session, right? So what I mean by that is the client is showing up at the training session, they're doing the sessions and then the coach is getting paid, right? I would say that maybe 97% of all one to one football coaches are currently operating their business this way, right? And how this works is what they'll do is they'll probably reach out to their clients on a Sunday evening via a WhatsApp group and they'll probably tell that client or ask the clients, these are the days or the time slots that I have available this week, which ones would you like to choose? And it's basically a business that is run week by week. And if you want to grow, if you want to scale long term, right, we've got a transition away from that model and into a more sustainable model where clients are paying you per month on a recurring billing model, right? And I'm going to show you three ways how to do that today, okay? So the first thing I want you to do, right? Number one is we have to, first of all, work on our pricing, right? So if you want to charge 200 per month, then the best way to do that is you could charge a 50 pound per session you do with that client, right? And what that means is you could offer training sessions once a week over the course of the month, right? And charge those clients 50 pound per session per, per every time you train them, right? But what we want to do is we don't want to say to clients, right, short to the session is 50 pound and you pay me after session. No. What we want to do is we're going to make sure that those four or five sessions that you charge, right? Typically four, right? Because there's normally four weeks in a month. So you're going to be seeing your clients four times a month. What we want to do is we want to get clients to pay up front for that month, okay? So if you're seeing your clients four times in that month, then what we want to do is we want to make sure that parents are paying you up front for the month, right? That way, all you have to do is you have to just show up to your session at the agreed time and day that you agree with the client and you just have to give 100% to the client and focus your mind and your energy on your training, right? Now, what I tend to see is we're coaches who charge per session, they never go into a training session with 100% focus and 100% energy. And the reason is because in the back of their mind, they're always thinking, right, is this client going to pay me or I'm going to have to ask the client to transfer me the money or to give me the money, pay me after the session. And when that happens, right, ultimately, you get distracted from the most important thing, which is working with your one-to-one clients, okay? So the first thing we want to do is we want to make sure that clients are paying us up front for the four weeks of training. Now, the second most important thing is our pricing, okay? So if you want to charge 200 per month, then you've got to make sure that your sessions are valued at 50 pounds per session, right? Now, what I teach coaches to do is not simply just focus on the price, but adding more value away from the training field. So this means that we can offer other types of services, which are included in this monthly package that clients are getting on a monthly basis, right? So when coaches think of charging 200 per month, right, most don't believe that they can, and most don't know how to add more value than just a one-to-one training session, right? So when we talk about pricing, we have to talk about, right, your training is once a week, once per week on a set-day-set time, but also away from that training session, we're going to offer something different than just training, right? So away from that session, we might do once a month, a 30 to 40-minute Zoom call where we will talk about confidence, nutrition, and mindset, okay? Things that are going to add value to your client and to their performance, right? Also, another service you can offer as part of your monthly package is you can go out and watch your clients play in their matches for their teams. And alongside that, you can add a report as part of the monthly package. So you can go out to watch that your clients play, and you can provide a really detailed report for the pair-room on how their child played and how they did, okay? So when we think of £200 per month, right, we don't want to think of it as just training. We want to think of it as more of a program and a package, right? So parents are not just paying you for one hour of training per week, but they're paying you for an experience, right? And they're going to get lots of value away from your one-to-one session. Now, the third thing, in order to charge that much per month, we've got to make sure that parents are on a recurring billing system. So something we do at our company is we encourage coaches to invest into an online payment system where parents can register and make payments online. And that payment is going straight into your business account. And it makes everything a lot more streamlined, a lot more organized, and a lot more professional. Now, when coaches operate cash, the chances are you are even going to lose money, okay? Because your parents might not show up. There might be one week out the month that they don't show up, which means if they don't show up, you don't get paid. But also, I've heard stories of coaches that have made, in one day, they've made £200, £300, doing back-to-back one-to-one training sessions. And on the drive home, or as they're packing up, they lose the money. The money falls out of their pocket or gets blown away, or worse, it gets wet, and or they misplace it, right? And they've just lost all their income for that day. When you create an online system, this doesn't happen, right? Parents can make their payment online. You don't even have to talk about money at the field with parents and clients. And you can just focus your mind, your energy on the client and on the training session. So when we have a recurring billing process in place, all parents do is they sign a contract with you that they agreed to pay you on the first week of each month for X amount of money. This is with the terms, these are the conditions. This is what's included in the monthly package, right? And that way, you don't even have to worry about collecting or going to the bank to put it in your business account. Everything is done online and it saves you a lot of time, hassle, and energy having to go to the bank every single week, every or sometimes, you know, every day. If you have sessions every single day and parents are paying you cash, that means you've got to go the next day, every day to the bank to put it in your account, right? We're going to avoid that. We're going to set up an online system where parents can pay you online. They can have a recurring billing system in place and you don't even have to worry about asking parents for money or chasing parents up for payment, okay? So if you need more help with this, right? I want you to reach out to me. There's two ways you can do that. My calendar is in the description. You can set up a free 15 to 20 minute call with me where we can discuss your business. I can show you some strategies, some tips in order to start to grow, scale your business. Or if you want to send me a question, right? I answer all coaches that reach out to me that email me. My email is makemoneycoachingsports.com. Send me an email there and I'll be more than happy to answer your question straight away, right? Thank you for watching and I'll see you on the next one.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how you can find out those numbers which are prime in a matrix. Before starting, you can note my information, you can follow or subscribe my YouTube channel through the URL youtube.com slash sanjaygupta underscore tech school. You can download my programming app Techimage which is available on Google Play. Now I am going to implement a code in C programming so that you can understand how we can solve this problem. So I am including a header file stdio.h. Then inside main function, I am going to declare a 2D array of dimension 3 by 3. Then two variables i, j, then variable n and f. Now with the help of printf, I am going to show the message enter elements. To receive or read the elements, I am applying for loop i which will provide row indexes. Then another loop which will provide column indexes. Inside these loops, I am applying scanf statement. So this scanf will read the elements and all these elements will be stored inside a matrix. Now I have to apply another logic so that I can find whether the element which is available in a matrix is prime or not. So if it is prime, then I have to display that number on console, otherwise I have to ignore that number. So the list of numbers which are prime only will be printed on console. So here I am applying this loop. Here I am implementing master loops. So I will be providing row indexes and j will be providing column indexes. Now inside this loop, I am using n equals to aij. So this way I have assigned value of aij index into n. Now I am assigning 0 into f. Inside this I am going to implement third loop k equals to 2k less than n and k plus plus. So this loop will be checking whether n is divisible by k or not. So here I have to declare k variable. Now I am applying if condition if n modulus k w equals to 0. So if this condition is true, then I am assigning 1 into f and I am using break. So this way with this loop I am checking prime number. So if n is divisible by k, then only f will become 1 and loop will be terminated, otherwise value of f will remain 0. So after completion of k loop, I have to check value of f. So if f is 0, then only number is prime. So I can print percent d is prime number and I can display the value of n. So this way I have implemented the complete code which is checking a of ij whether it is prime or not. So if it is prime, then it will be displayed on console with the help of n, otherwise not. Then at last I can apply return 0. So this is the complete program. Now I can execute it. So I am entering 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. You can see the list 11 is prime, 13 is prime, 17 is prime and 19 is prime. 12 is not prime because it is divisible by 2, 14 is not prime because it is divisible by 7, 15 which is divisible by 5, 16 divisible by 2, 18 divisible by 2. So the program is working properly, it is printing only those numbers which are prime. So this way you can find out the numbers which are prime and available in a matrix. So I hope you have understood how we can find out all those numbers which are prime and available in matrix. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can follow or subscribe my YouTube channel through the URL youtube.com slash sanjay gupta underscore tax school. You can download my programming app Techimage that is available on Google Play. Thank you for watching this video.


A very good evening aspirants welcome to another special video brought to you by Shankar IAS Academy. In this special video we are going to see about the notification for SSA EPFO 2023. See a few days ago we saw about the notification for the recruitment of enforcement officer and assistant provident fund commissioner in employee provident fund organization. Now in this special video we are going to see about the notification for the recruitment of SSA. It is expanded as social security assistant in EPFO. See those who want a government job don't miss this opportunity ok. This is a wonderful opportunity. Now let us straight away get into the details of this notification that you should know before applying for this post ok. First of all let us see the basic details for applying for the post of social security assistant. As you already said the post name is SSA EPFO and the important detail here is the vacancy. The total vacancy announced is 2674. The detailed vacancy position in the cadre of SSA is given here in this table you just go through it ok. In this table category wise and state wise vacancy is given and like I already said the total vacancy is 2674. The pay scale for this post is level 5. See if you want to apply for the post of SSA then you can do it through online mode only. You should fill the application form through online mode only. And the application date that is the window time period that is given to you for applying for this examination is from 27th March 2023 to 26th April 2023. So the last date for applying for this examination is 26th April 2023. Don't forget this apply for this examination before this date itself ok. And now about the examination date. See till now the examination date has not been announced. It will be announced later through public notice on the official website. I have given here the official website and the website in which you have to download the admit card ok. Keep this for your reference. Now let us move on to see about the eligibility criteria. First of all let us see the educational qualification. See if you want to apply for this examination you should possess a bachelor's degree from a recognized university as only closing date for online registration of application that is before 26th April 2023 you should have a bachelor's degree in your hand. One important thing that you should know here is that those who are avoiding results for the final examination of your graduation should not apply for this examination. Say you have written your last semester in your bachelor's degree and you are waiting for your results then you are not eligible for this examination. Before 26th April 2023 you should have a bachelor's degree in your hand ok. And this is regarding the educational qualification. Now there is this other qualification which requires a typing speed of 35 words per minute in English or 30 words per minute in Hindi on computer. See I will tell you about this particular qualification later in this video ok. For now let us move on to the next eligibility criteria which is the age limit. See people who are between 18 years to 27 years as on the closing date of online application they are eligible for SSA post. You know that age relaxation is also there. I have given here the information about age relaxation for each and every category. For SCs, STs, OBC, ex-servicemen, persons with benchmark disabilities you just go through it. And finally the most important part which is the scheme of examination. See this SSA examination it will be conducted in two stages. One is computer based examination it is the phase one and the other one is computer typing test it is the phase two. Now let us see how the computer based examination will be. The phase one examination they are all objective type tests. The first one is general aptitude it will contain 30 questions and the total marks allotted for this section is 120. And then there is general knowledge and general awareness it will also contain 30 questions and the allotted marks is 120. And then there is quantitative ability it will contain 30 questions and 120 marks. And the fourth section is general English with comprehension it will contain 50 questions and for this section 200 marks will be allotted. And the final section is computer literacy it will contain 10 questions and the total marks is 40 for this section. See there will be 150 questions and the total marks is 600. The duration that will be given to you for attempting all these questions that is 150 questions is 2 hours and 30 minutes that is totally 150 minutes. See 150 questions and 600 marks means each question carries 4 marks ok. And the marks obtained in phase one will be considered for final selection. So you have to score as much as possible in phase one. For your information negative marking is there for this examination for each wrong answer one fourth of the mark will be detected. Now let us move on to phase two. See phase two is about computer skill test. In this skill test candidates are assessed based on their speed and accuracy for data entry work. See earlier in the video we saw about other qualifications right here only the other qualification becomes relevant. So while you are tested for your speed and accuracy you have to maintain a typing speed of 35 words per minute in English or 30 words per minute in Hindi on computer. See this computer skill test is a qualifying test. You have to pass this test to be considered for the final selection. It is like CSAT and the UPSC civil services examination. It does not matter whether you clear GS paper one or not. You have to clear the CSAT paper then only you will be considered for the final selection. Like that only here also only if you clear the computer skill test you will be considered for the final selection. So each and every day practice typing at least 40 words per minute in English ok. If you are a person who is going to opt for Hindi try at least 35 words per minute in Hindi on computer. Then it will be very easy for you to clear this test ok. It is like the saying practice makes a man perfect so practice a lot and you will definitely clear this computer skill test. Now finally let us see about what books to refer. See regarding general aptitude and quantitative ability you can refer RS Agarwal book quantitative aptitude. And for general English with comprehension you can refer objective general English by SP Bakshi. For computer literacy you can refer computer awareness by Arihant. And for general knowledge and general awareness you have to read newspaper and you have to cover the basic parts like quality, economy, history, general science, environment etc. See these are only needed for clearing this examination. But don't think twice apply for this examination study all these books and refer the current affairs make a plan stick to it and you will definitely is the examination. Don't forget to come and share and like and most importantly don't forget to subscribe to Shankar Reyes Academy's YouTube channel to get more updates like this. Thank you.


Hey everybody, welcome back to magic orthodoxy. My name is David and this is a magic review Hey today, we're gonna look at the one two point. Oh from Anthony Stan. What is it? Basically, it's a card to impossible location effect. So what that looks like is you usually have a card It's placed somewhere obvious like under a book under a glass Folded up at a paper clip and then you're able to have a card selected have it even signed And then magically the card that is under the glass under the book in the paper clip Becomes the spectators signed card. You want to see what it looks like? This is it was Anthony Stan You might remember he also did Klein he also did unload and of course he did the original the one this DVD was made by the People down at magic smile productions. Okay, so a couple of questions We always ask about all of our magic reviews and the first of which is what is in the box? What's in the box? The first thing you get is you get a DVD is 44 45 minutes long and you get a gas card, okay? Now the ad copy says you get a gimmick I take a little issue with using the word gimmick when it's not something that's been Fabricated and made or actually helps you do the trick Anthony Stan teaches you this trick How to do it without using the card without using the gaff and then at the end says Oh, you could do it this way to make it easier But this is really a gas card the gas card everyone has seen before okay This is not something that he made or invented all right It's just a it's just a gas card that could help you do this trick But let's see that really is the selling point of this trick is that you could do it with any deck of cards Is it what I thought yes, it is is what I thought a long time ago I had another trick that was a card to impossible location effect that used pretty much the same principles and methodology But I won't give away who that was how the angles on the one 2.0 all of the angles are towards you Okay, so it's performer view so you don't want to have anyone behind you or on the dramatic sides I'm not giving anything away by telling you that it's a switch So you will have to be able to palm a card convincingly In your angles can it be inspected yes, it is totally clean That is one of the cool things about the one 2.0 is that it's a totally clean trick You can do it with any deck of cards. Everything is perfectly examinable. What's the overall quality and production value of the DVD? It's good. There's over the shoulder shots. Everything's well-miked. There's life performances. There's good vignettes There's good over-the-table shots of card working So magic smile productions did a really good job putting this DVD together teaching. How's the teaching Anthony? Spends about 30 minutes Going over just all the various principles all the variations of this you're getting a transpo effect You're getting a two-card Bonnie effect. You get a lighter Reveal he does a color change. There's a there's a cool suit jacket switch And it's available to you in both French and English. Is it well made? Pretty much you make it, but it's not hard at all There is nothing difficult to make and in fact if you do the easy easy version The only thing you need to know how to do is fold a card into force So I mean yeah, it's easy. How much practice does it require a lot? It will require a lot of practice Switching cars out convincingly palming cards convincingly making it look like fluid motion that Works within the trick itself and works within the spectator's brain as to this is how a trick should go With no funny movements all of that bringing all of that orchestrated together that it's gonna require some practice Not just the mechanics of the trick, but also the fluidity of the routine. So yes There is I would say extensive practice on this to make it look as convincing as Anthony Stan does in the trailer How much setup and reset is there practically none? Like I said, if you can fold a card into force, you're good to go positives one of the positives to the one 2.0 this is how a Card to impossible location should look. This is how it should look. It's clean. It's probably one of the cleanest Best variations of this I've ever seen it looks like real magic I've never seen a trick this open this fluid before and so I think Anthony's done a really good job Negatives all right. So what are the negatives? You know like to say run through this negatives to everything So these are just the negatives that I see they don't have to be the negatives that you see This trick is really for intermediate to advanced level magicians Okay, so hold your horses kids to do this trick effectively. You are going to have to know how to Control a card to the top or bottom Palm a card perform a mercury card fold and he does not pause and teach you any of these lights He is expecting you to know how to do this Going in to the routine so anything like forces controls the double lift all of those things You are going to need to know prior to doing this effect. Is it worth your money? It's 25 bucks 25 bucks and you're getting the DVD and the one single gaff card The DVD is 45 minutes long and like I said, he does give you several variations several options I've had to do this trick. So I do think he covers quite a bit. He's not just giving you like 10 minutes like here So how to do it and I think he's giving you as much as he possibly can $25 I think is perfect price. I think it's definitely in the wheelhouse And so if this looks like something you'd like I would highly recommend you pick it up Who would like this? I think people that do card magic. This is a great walk around restaurant Trick, I think this is great for someone who wants to market themselves to get a job I think this would be a great a little closer or opener You know, I think this is a center people that are collectors of the impossible card location effect people that love the mercury card fold I Think we definitely like the one 2.0 from Anthony stand. All right So that is my review for the one 2.0 from Anthony stand and magic smile productions I want to thank Murphy's magic for providing us for us so that we can review it for you And if you'd like to purchase your own you can find it at your favorite Murphy's magic retailer. Thanks. Bye


Hi there I am Jyoti and as you see I have laid down a lot of shapes and different objects on my table. Let's take a look at the shapes first. Come on. First you have a square. A square has four sides four equal sides one two three four. This is the shape of a heart. We have a rectangle here rectangle also has four sides but it has two sides which are equal to each other. They are equal. This side and this side are equal. Then we have a triangle. Triangle has three sides and lastly we have a circle and circle does not have any side. Now we have got different objects here. We've got a bourbon biscuit. Don't eat that. You've got another circle biscuit here. You've got an eraser. You've got a lid of a box and you have a sponge cut out in a heart shape. Now this is what I want you to do. You are going to match the objects with the shapes. Now how do we match the objects? Let's see maybe we can draw a line from the object to the matching shape. Now let's see. This is a biscuit and it is in the shape of a what is the shape? Yes it is in the shape of a rectangle. So I am going to draw a line from this biscuit to the rectangle. Now where is the rectangle? There it is. Let's go to the next object. We have a circle shape cookie or a biscuit. Now can you see a circle shape in the second line? Yes there is. Let's match this as well. Let's draw a line and match the shapes with the object. Next I have an eraser. What shape is this? Yes it's a triangle. Let's look for a triangle in the second line. There it is. Okay there goes a line from the eraser to the triangle. I have a square here. Let's look for a square in the second line. There it is. Okay a line from the lid to the square. Last one you have a spot which is cut in the shape of a heart. Can we see a heart in the second line? Yes it is. Let's join them. You can also do this with different objects and shapes at home.


Students at Dewar River's King Elementary in poverty or otherwise needing a little extra food at home have been able to pick it up at the school's food pantry. But as Mal Meyer reports, a grant from the Super Bowl Legacy Fund is taking this extra yard. Good morning. Multiple agencies in Itasca County came together two years ago with the Second Harvest Food Bank to help residents with health disparities. We learned from their data that the incidents of chronic disease with persons who utilize the food bank really are higher than the general population. The agencies wanted to bring fresh food to other organizations and areas that might not have access to them otherwise. The grocery stores are few and far between and small so the prices are high and the selection is limited. On Tuesday they received the funding that they desperately needed. The Minnesota Super Bowl Host Committee Legacy Fund donated $50,000 to Second Harvest for their fresh food express. One of the trucks monthly stops will be at King Elementary for their food backpack and food pantry programs. Students who are attending King Elementary can access food from Second Harvest to take home and and eat at home with their families. Principal Jennifer Steffen says that while the school was already working with the food bank this will help provide other items that they couldn't previously. This is a way to provide fresh things more nutritional foods for our families. During the event third fourth and fifth graders who had received a citizenship award showing king pride learned about some of the fresh food they'll soon be finding in the pantry. The event left students with some newfound knowledge. I learned that many different fruits and stuff turn into fruits and vegetables and you can eat seeds and you can also eat um insides of fruits and vegetables. And with a little bit of inspiration. It's really fun and inspiring that this company or organization can help other people who don't have much food to go home with. But most of all it left them full of fresh fruits and veggies. It was the best salad I've ever had. In Dare River with this week's Golden Apple I'm Al Meyer Lakeland News. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Mae'n gwybod gweld amser yn bwysig yn ddim yn gweithio ar y cyfyrdd ymlaen, ac efo'r tynnu gwybod i'ch gael i'ch gwybodol. Mae'n gwybod i'ch gwybod i'r ffyrdd o'i arwain, oherwydd mae'n gwybod i'n gweithio, ac ym mwyn gweld i'ch gwybod i'ch gwahau bob eich rhan oedd yn dweud eich cartón i gafoddiadu'r ffotograffol arweithio'r yma, As I walked outside my apartment in front of the Human Rights Palace in Geneva, I thought that, as I saw each one, I thought, mmm, they're quite relevant to what I'm going to say. This is the first one I saw and I thought, well, it does apply in so many places in the world, but at least I'm not the goose in this photograph and it's thanks to the IIA that I'm here with the freedom to speak about human rights. Rwy'n amser i'r ysgolio yma i'r un sgwpeth yn y 70-rhyw anferwyr, a Arland yn ysgolio'r ysgolio cymdeithasol yn 60 ymgyrch.  Ydyodd yn 193 yn ystafell yn ymddill iawn, yn ymddill iawn, i'n gweithio ddweud ymddill iawn. Mae'r prinsipol yn ymddill iawn yn eu genesus yn ymddill iawn yn ymddill iawn. Yn ystyrdd, roedd y rhan o amlwg o'r lawr ymddill iawn yn ymddill iawn, ydy'r rhaid i'r llwyddoedd yn ymddill iawn yn ymddill iawn, ymddill iawn yn ymddill iawn, mae'r rhaid yn bach i gael ymddill iawn i'r llwyddoedd and are escalating dramatically. Bear with me, as I set the scene, with which I know so many of you are so familiar, but I feel I need to. The last number of years have often involved harrowing bloodshed, from Syria to Libya to Yemen, from Ukraine to Burundi to Nigeria from Israel to Palestine from Ankara in Istanbul to Sharmal Sh Spider and Beirut and, of course, closer to home, from Paris to Brussels. Millions of civilians are caught up in conflict gyda hynny, byddwch i bobl ystod a gweithio'r fawr fawr yn ddysgu'r gwahau a ddechrau a llwyddiad. Rydyn, mae'r gwaith y dyfodol ffyrdd yn gweithio'r fawr, fel Deish, Al Shabaab, Al Nasrha, Al Qaeda, Boko Haram a'r Taliban, bywyddyn am gweithio'r fawr ar yw'r gweithio'r gweithio'r fawr ond o'r bwyddiadau a'r ddweud o'r 30-35 o ddweud. So, mae'r fforddau ar gyfer ystafellol wedi'r argymru, bydd y Ddemocratau o'r Represif. Dyma ei wasbwyll yn y rhan o'r cyfarfod i gael, ac mae'n gael i'r hyn sydd i'r unrhyw i'r hunain, yn gweithio'r byd, ac yn ymhyrchu'r unrhyw sydd rhan o'r ffair yma, a'i ddweud yr urdyn yn iawn i ddweud yn ddiogel iawn. Rwy'n meddwl tygtonicol yn ei ddweud yn llyfr â'r cyfrannu oedd, rwy'n meddwl i'r ddysgwm, yn ddechrau i'r ddechrau, yn yma bwysig o'r cyfrannu o'r cyfrannu, yn ddweud y ysgol i ddweud yn gallu y lleol yn awr i'r llai o'r lleol yn ymloedig. Mae gennym iawn i ddiweddol a'r syniadau o gwahau a'r llai o bwysigol ymlaenol. Mae'n ddod i'r llai o ddod o'r cyfle i ffyrfa a'r llai o bwysigol, yn credu ffyrdd o fxrwydd, ysgrifethu, a'r ffordd o'r awr. Mae'r ddod i'n llai o'r cyfle i'r llai o ddod i'r cyfle i'r cyffredin i'r llai o bwysigol. Mae'r ffordd yn buddol i credu'r bobl o'r d ardurion gweinio ac yn ymddangos hynny. The space for dissent in many countries is shrinking under the weight of either poorly thought out or indeed exploited of counter terrorist strategies. Atrocity crimes continue to be perpetrated in many places around the globe and these realities are worsening day by day. So as John Cary said rather simply last week, the world is a scary place. Mae'r gwmpas ffordd iawn, a'r gwmpas ffordd a'r cyfnodau cyfanol, sy'n bywch chi'n gweithio, gweithio gwyloedd, gweithio cymdeithasol, gwleiddoch, gweithio cyfrifiadau i gwylltu'n gweithio ac yn cael ei gweld gwaith i'r gwneud yw gweld rwynt yn fawr wedi'r amlwg ar gyfer y rhiwm ac oes yn y fwrdd am gweithio a'r gwmpas ffordd i'r gwneud yn gyffredinol. Fy hoffi'r gwneud yn gwneud yn gwneud yn gwneud yn gwneud I can't fail to highlight one of the most pressing and symptomatic issues of our time and of our work in Geneva, that of migration. This issue is inextricably linked to my other themes today, both in terms of root causes and of possible approaches. The number of people affected by humanitarian crisis has grown exponentially in the past decade. 244 million people are now on the move internationally. Over 60 million people are displaced, of which 20 million are estimated to be refugees. This isn't only a question of increase in numbers. The scale and intensity of emergencies is also increasing. The humanitarian system in its current form is struggling to cope. Conflict is quite naturally and obviously the most significant driver of this displacement and movement. But the reality is that people are also moving for many different reasons. They're fleeing political and economic instability, human rights violations and of course poverty in search of a better life. And so it's this toxic combination of conflict, human rights violations, poverty and lack of development that make up the main drivers of migration. But this reality also holds the answer as to how we can address the crisis in short. The best way to reduce the scale of current flows is to address the reasons that people have for fleeing their homelands. In simple, obvious and concrete terms, the surest way to tackle these root causes, both of irregular migration and of refugee movements, is to prevent and resolve conflicts and also to pursue and achieve development, ideally through the sustainable development goals.  The need for respect for rule of law, good governance and protection of human rights as the bedrock for functioning democracies and thriving societies lies at the heart of these actions. More generally too, while there is an ever increasing focus in public discourse on the migration crisis as it affects Europe, I feel it's more important than ever to recognise the more positive perspectives of migration and to see it as a process to be managed rather than just a problem to be solved. And it's an unassailable truth that the management of this process must be carried out in a human rights sensitive way. There is no doubt that the challenge of migration is made up of an extraordinarily complex web of issues, political, legal, moral and ethical. I don't, for one moment, underestimate the significance of the distinction between refugees and purely economic migrants and the need to protect the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 protocol. We must also acknowledge that particular rights may attach to refugees which do not equally attach to economic migrants per se. Nevertheless, both need to be addressed and protected under the applicable law, whether human rights, international humanitarian law and refugee law or a combination of all three. So back to the positive. Migration is the story of human development. It is the essential thread running through all our histories. And when it's well managed, it has the potential to bring benefits to both sending and receiving countries. For this reason, I'm proud to echo the words of Peter Sutherland, who's as you know UN Special Representative on Migration, also of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Director General of the IOM, by speaking out with a principled voice in Geneva anywhere, anyway, in defence of the rights of migrants and the facilitation of an orderly and humane management of migration while upholding their human rights. Taking this human rights perspective also reminds us that we have to be vigilant to counter even just one of the most dangerous and disappointing misunderstandings which is circulating. It is not the movement of refugees which has created the recent wave of terrorism, but rather the reverse, that terrorism, tyranny and war have created the refugee movement. I take any opportunity I can to suggest that attainment of security and the protection of human rights are not necessarily antithetical, either as a matter of fact or of principle. Working in and with the UN, we need to constantly remind ourselves of the added responsibility to prevent the complete subordination of human rights to security concerns. Terrorism and the myriad of other challenges faced in the international community today have to be fought but in a rights sensitive way. This may be taken for granted in our society, but it's by no means the natural response of many authorities around the globe. This approach by necessity involves an even greater obligation to understand and to address the current challenges from the perspective and through the prism of human rights and the rule of law. It's clear simply put that the rule of law is fundamental and important for a number of reasons. Prevention of conflict being the first, second achievement of a durable peace in the aftermath of conflict. Thirdly, effective protection of human rights and fourthly, of course, sustainable economic progress and development. Human rights and development remain key elements of our foreign policy today. As mentioned, achieving the implementation of the SDGs is crucial to address the root causes of so many of the world's problems. To just highlight one of the goals, goal 16, the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, which it is acknowledged is a key to producing and maintaining the foundations of peace, justice and good governance and which is critical for building sustainable development in all areas. In mentioning the SDGs and migration, I'd like to pay tribute to the work led so ably and skillfully by my New York colleague David Donahue last year. Ireland was honoured with David's leadership to serve as one of the two co-facilitators of the process which led to the successful adoption of the 2030 development agenda. That extraordinary outcome will guide the work by the United Nations and all states over many years to come. This year, we're again playing a significant and leading role on migration and refugees with David at the helm as co-facilitator of the migration negotiations leading up to the high level summit, high level meeting which will take place on the 19th of September in New York. But lest you think that all is happening in New York. Geneva is, as far as we are concerned, the centre of multilateralism. I can't resist any opportunity I have to say this. Just as states are more interconnected, so are the challenges. States certainly can't take on today's conflicts and catastrophes alone. We're witnessing daily the importance of collective, coordinated action. Our work in Geneva at the UN with the High Commissioners for Human Rights and Refugees in the Human Rights Council, with the Red Cross, the World Health Organization, the International Organization for Migration, the World Trade Organization and other international organizations in Geneva shows me how vital it is for states to increase co-operation and co-ordination. Although it may not seem absolutely congruous, I'd also like to refer to the conference and to our work on disarmament where Ireland now plays a significant role. And this is based on Geneva. The activities of all these international organizations are interconnected. While in the public perception, the UN may be associated more with New York, the reality is, as I say I'd like to point out, a full two thirds of the activities of the UN system take place in Geneva. Indeed, long before the UN was founded, Geneva had established itself as a centre of international co-operation and diplomacy. There was an Irish diplomatic representative in Geneva, as far back as 1921, to prepare for Ireland's membership of the League of Nations. Irish people held a number of important posts in the League of Nations, including Eamon de Valera, who served as President of the Council in 1932, and President of the Assembly in 1938. Another Irishman, Sean Lester, was the last Secretary General of the League of Nations, and was he who signed over the League's property to the newly founded UN in April 1946, including the Palais des Nations. So this is more than just history. The tremendous challenges to which I've already referred are increasing. But Ireland's first years of membership of the United Nations were also tumultuous times. In those years, our representatives had to react to a number of crises. Ireland identified clear policy priorities and positions of principle, many of which we have maintained to the present day. As a small country, which had emerged as an independent state not long before, Ireland took an active position from the beginning, in favour of decolonisation and self-determination, promotion of human rights and advancing development. And so, our first years at the UN laid the foundations of policy positions, which have come to define our multilateral engagement. We've continued to demonstrate that successes are possible, even against seemingly impossible odds. I was recently struck by the views expressed by my department's political director on the connectivity between Ireland's interests and our values. It's in our interest to stand for our values. It is not necessarily a question of exporting our values. It's about holding our own and other authorities to account for compliance with established international standards on basic human rights and fostering stability. This involves a comprehensive top-down approach, pressure on government, and bottom-up, supporting the development of institutional capacity. Both approaches are necessary, encompassing in an integrated manner economic development, trade, human rights, conflict prevention and resolution policies. Action on this is necessary at the national, regional and international levels. Now I'd like to turn specifically to our work on the Human Rights Council. Along with peace and security and development, human rights is of course the third great pillar of the United Nations. The UN multilateral human rights architecture is now the bedrock for the principles which need to guide our collective actions in ensuring that basic human rights are understood, enshrined, protected and defended. However, this wasn't always the case. The Human Rights Council will in June of this year celebrate a near ten years of existence. It was established by the UN General Assembly in 2006 to replace and improve upon its predecessor, the Human Rights Commission. It is now the principle body of the UN dealing with human rights. In December 2015, we Ireland completed our three-year term of membership of the council. This was our first term. We secured the seat in a competitive election voted in by our fellow member states of the UN. It was important that the trust which that successful election demonstrated be vindicated through an active and principled membership term. This was no easy task. While we don't necessarily think of ourselves in this way, the simple reality is that we're a small state with considerably fewer resources, human and otherwise, than many of the other members of the council. As usual, we had to compensate for this with extra commitment, creativity, flexibility and constant outreach to find and maintain partners across all regions of the globe. The truth is that the council is a very difficult environment in which to address and to achieve progress on human rights. The increasing global tensions and polarisation of values means that every success is hard fought. It's only through smart targeted action, including building cross regional support of teams where possible, that any advances are possible. The underlying current which appears to be driving the politicisation and division, if unsurprising, is the differing perspectives on the precise contour of what constitutes universal human rights norms. This is especially so against a backdrop of heightened sensitivity to sovereignty and security concerns, which I mentioned earlier, as well as of different belief systems, traditions, religions and moral codes. A simple example of the worrying trend of the council over the recent years has been the increased polarisation and politicisation of women's rights, including sexual and reproductive rights issues. While women's rights issues are not the principal focus of these intensified differences or divisions, they have increasingly been caught up in this politicisation. But this phenomenon is deeper and even more insidious. Indeed Ireland's key initiative at the council, the protection of civil society space, is one of the toughest battlegrounds of this polarisation. I often wondered during my term on the council why we had identified such a difficult issue to process and to move forward with. However, I'm very proud now of the fact that we have achieved the two resolutions, which I will describe to you in a little bit more detail. We were aware of all these challenges before we went into our term of membership. And we were clear from the start that there was no point in, for example, criticising others for the sake of criticism itself, or of introducing abstract initiatives without a practical real world impact. Instead, we sought to introduce and to lead new initiatives with potential for real and practical change on the ground. We sought also to fully engage and in a principled way across the existing mandates of the council, both thematic and country specific. So before I go into details on our initiatives, I'd like to give you a sense of why and how the council matters. So I'm going to identify a particular issue that I've focused on in the past, which is the issue of accountability. At the heart of rule of law is the pursuit of justice and accountability. So in this, and indeed previous positions in my career, I've spoken extensively about this topic, and in particular the efforts to bring an end to impunity for so-called atrocity crimes, and in particular for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, which sadly are continuing to be perpetrated around the globe. My view in grief is as follows, even if it sounds far too optimistic. The old era of impunity is over. In its place, slowly but surely, we're witnessing the birth of a new age of accountability. We are hearing clarion calls for accountability and justice on a daily basis. Secondly, in this new age of accountability, nobody is above the law, including in particular heads of state. Thirdly, sovereignty as a barricade against international justice is gone. Finally, there's no peace without justice. Peace and justice must go hand in hand, and elements of justice must be factored into every post-conflict strategy in order for peace to be sustainable. Justice, peace and democracy are not mutually exclusive objectives, but rather mutually reinforcing imperatives. There should be no amnesty for those most responsible for atrocity crimes. But there are undoubtedly many challenges to this new age of accountability, and particularly to the international accountability mechanism, and in particular, of course, the international criminal court. Some of these seem overwhelming. It's true that we have to improve the efficiency and overall performance of the ICC, which is still struggling to establish itself as a part of the architecture of international relations, and there are many who question its role and its credibility and deny its legitimacy. But even apart from those specific challenges, the reality is that the ICC and other international judicial accountability mechanisms cannot and are not intended to function alone. Ensuring accountability in any particular case, whether at an international or a national level, requires a combination of many different factors, including political will and political pressure, institutional capacity and resources, and of course, appropriate and reliable evidence. This doesn't happen magically or quickly, but requires detailed and often unseen work at all levels, and this is where the Human Rights Council comes to play a particularly significant role. Take the case of Syria. We have to believe that someday, somehow, there will be accountability for what's been happening. As early as 2011, the Human Rights Council, sitting in a specially convened session by resolution, established the Commission of Inquiry on Syria. Since that time, the Commission has made a total of 23 reports to the Council on the subject. We might reasonably ask, but what difference has this made, given that the terrible conflict in Syria continues and given that the Security Council hasn't referred the situation to the ICC or indeed hasn't addressed the question of accountability in any real way? But this is too narrow of view. Bringing the conflict to an end is an immense challenge and you're all aware of the broad range of moving parts in this situation. But the Human Rights Council and the Commission of Inquiry are playing their part. Since its creation, the Commission, not the Council, the Commission of Inquiry, has shed an intense light on the horrific violations of human rights and abuses occurring in Syria. It has documented in a painstaking way the events, the victims and the alleged perpetrators of the most barbaric actions by all sides. No one can any longer claim lack of awareness of the situation on the ground. This does increase the political pressure on all concerned. The world is very aware of what's happening. And crucially, when the conflict comes to an end, which it will, I've no doubt that the professionally documented and methodical evidence of the Commission will be a linchpin in the accountability process which must follow, at either or both the national and international levels. This evidence and the prospect of accountability hangs like a sword of Damocles over the heads of perpetrators, even if the perception is that they don't care, they will. This isn't an isolated case. The Council has established valuable commissions of inquiry in a number of cases now, including the DPRK, Libya, Eritrea, Côte d'Ivoire, Lebanon, and indeed into the conflicts in Gaza in 2014, each of which has or continues to play a valuable role, not least in the ultimate quest for justice and accountability. Prevention of human rights violations is also part of the Council's work. For reasons of time, I'm going to focus just on one example. This is the story of South Sudan. So the short history of South Sudan as the last member state of the United Nations at 193, since its emergence as a state in 2011, is a very difficult one. It's fraught with conflict and human rights violations. In response to the deteriorating situation in June 2015, the Council mandated an urgent mission to South Sudan. There has been continuous follow-up on foot of that urgent mission, and as a result, at the last Council session in March of this year, a remarkable development occurred. South Sudan itself, and indeed the entire African Union, agreed to the consensus adoption of a strong resolution on the situation which established a commission on human rights in South Sudan. This has full access to the territory and with a mandate to investigate, to report and advise, and a commitment of cooperation from the government, which is the most extraordinary aspect. This isn't an end in itself, but it is an encouraging sign in what is a very difficult context. It's a new lever of pressure on the government of South Sudan, and it's having an effect on the ground. There are many other examples of country-specific work at the Human Rights Council. It's important to remember that all states are at a different place on the spectrum of human rights protection in their territories, and there's a need for different methods and approaches to tackle each case. Now, with regard to the Universal Periodic Review, the Council established this unique mechanism of the UPR, which is created precisely to ensure that all states, big and small, face a regular review in Geneva on the protection of human rights in their territories. It's a multilateral forum for open discussion on the human rights situation in all states, with criticism and recommendations for improvement as the very purpose of its existence. Just two weeks ago, Ireland underwent its review in the UPR process. Our delegation, headed by Tawnishta and Minister for Justice and Equality, Francis Fitzgerald, faced very tough questions and recommendations with a total of 93 states intervening to express their concerns on the human rights record of Ireland. The issues raised ranged from abortion to prison overcrowding and the practice of slopping out, non-denominational schools, gender equality, domestic violence, racism, homelessness, the age of criminal responsibility, the criminal offence of blasphemy, recognition of travellers as an ethnic minority, protection of refugees, the special criminal court, and so on. As you can see from that daunting list, the UPR is a necessarily difficult process to go through, but it's an essential one. If we are to ensure that there is an opportunity to raise human rights concerns on all states in a fair, regular and structured way. The process is now nearing the end of its second cycle with universal participation of all states having been assured throughout. This is actually a phenomenal achievement. And again, it's one which I think unfortunately hasn't received the attention that it deserves. At the most fundamental level, the UPR puts an end to the old argument of whether human rights are issues only of domestic or bilateral concern and makes abundantly clear that all states have now, by virtue of their participation in the UPR, accepted that human rights protection is an issue of international concern appropriate to a multilateral fora. States in the context of the UPR criticise each other constructively and recommend changes with an inbuilt follow-up mechanism and effects are being felt on the ground. So, before I finish, I want to provide, if I may, a little detail of our Civil Society Space Initiative, which I mentioned earlier. The threats which civil society is facing worldwide are extreme. Civil society activists are suffering repression and suppression in all regions of the world today, including crackdowns on demonstrations, unjustified restrictions on expression, including sometimes brutal punishment for speaking out, prohibitions on fundraising for civil society organisations and so on. This repression and suppression is carried out so often in the name of security. In fighting for their vision for a brighter future, human rights defenders are facing grave risks. From strangling regulation and defamation to arbitrary detention, torture or even death, the work of human rights defenders brings them into conflict with powerful and often brutal interests. It is the importance of defenders' work and the gravity of threats they face that makes our initiative so vital. I'm reminded of the words of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, who put it inspiringly when he said, When powerful leaders feel threatened by a tweet, a blog or a high school student's speech, this speaks of profound underlying weakness. And when writers are abducted, jailed, whipped or put to death, when journalists are assaulted, subjected to sexual violence, tortured and killed, when peaceful protesters are gunned down by thugs, when human rights lawyers, human rights defenders and land activists are kidnapped, arrested and jailed on spurious charges of sedition, when newspapers are attacked or shut down, such cases attack and undermine the very foundations of stable governance. This is undoubtedly true and indeed it's also the case that there are many states which may be generally well disposed towards civil society, but which are ill-equipped to establish or maintain the kind of enabling environment which allows civil society to thrive and to contribute to better outcomes for us all. There are many states, possibly including Ireland, which are committed to civil society and doing a number of positive things, but there's still room for improvement, as was evident at our UPR. The scale of the opposition that we met in driving this initiative for civil society protection perhaps tells its own story. An alliance of some of the strongest voices in the council, many with very difficult human rights records at home, for example Cuba, China, Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and many others challenged us daily head on. They challenged not only the substantive content of the draft resolutions that we put forward, but even the very principle of having an initiative on the topic. We faced wave after wave of challenges. What it takes to succeed in these cases isn't glamorous. It's a combination of expertise and hard work. We secured a resolution establishing the normative basis for civil society space, as well as a mandate for a full report to the council on best practice for creation and maintenance of a safe and enabling environment for civil society space. These resolutions we expected to go to a vote, but we were very fortunate in that we achieved the successes by consensus. These resolutions are now being used by activists around the world to bolster their positions and to push for improved civil society space in many states. The operational language of the resolutions is also increasingly being built into recommendations to states in the UPR process about which I spoke earlier. And in June of this year we'll see a major OHCHR, that's the High Commissioner for Human Rights Office report to the council on our resolution. It's going to set out best practices on civil society space which we and others will then be in a position to drive forward in practice. We're proud of these successes and we're going to continue to fight for further progress in the years to come. So in summary, my view is that it's essential to manage the accelerating crisis through the prism of human rights and the rule of law. How we do so will define our future. An awareness of the centrality of the rule of law and of adhering to our values and respect for human rights is crucial. In our work at the Human Rights Council in Geneva, we make every effort to uphold the rule of law and to address the violations which trample upon the dignity of human beings. While our term of membership of the council is now complete, our work nevertheless continues. The council is quite unlike any other limited membership UN body, in that observers have in the vast majority of cases the same rights as members. And so we'll be still be leading and negotiating resolutions and basically doing everything that members do other than vote. We will continue our active principled engagement and we hope to continue to have a positive impact at the council as an observer, as well as in all our activities in other fora and organisations including the IOM, WHO, ILO, ICRC etc. We're going to continue to drive home the message that respect for human rights and the rule of law is essential for peace and security to take root and to flourish, for development to bring benefits to all members of society and for it to be sustainable and for the adequate legal protection of basic rights and freedoms. Thank you very much.