So you're confused on the differences between specular and the glossy map, not a problem. In the next two minutes you will not only understand the differences but also how to create your very own. Alright, let's do this. All you need to know about specular maps is that lighter areas reflect more light. If I use this specular map you can see that the brighter areas on the map reflect light better than the dark areas. Gloss on the other hand determines how clear the reflection is. In real life glossy objects are extremely helpful when you need to fix your hair in public before going on that date with Barbara. Just think of it this way. A quarter is really shiny, so it's specular map is probably really light.  So it's glossy map is probably not gonna be perfectly white. A mirror on the other hand is both perfectly specular and perfectly glossy. Blender gurus textures show this very well. When it comes to shiny things like marble and metal the gloss map is gonna be kinda light. But if you're doing things like rocks then gloss is almost always the darkest map in the group. The specularity map on the other hand is usually a little lighter than the gloss but almost always still darker than everything else. So how do you make them? Well in Gimp duplicate the layer and hide the original. Go to colors, desaturate, desaturate and set mode to lightness HSL. Go to filters, generic, high pass filter and set filter radius to 200 and preserve DC. Then go to colors, curves, click here and move it down a bit and then click here and move it a bit over here. Okay boom there's your specular. To make the gloss map duplicate the specular and hide the original.  Click okay you're done. Congratulations you now have a spectacular specular map and a glorious gloss map. Hope that helps thank you so much for watching. If you enjoyed this video please don't forget to like and subscribe. Hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Good morning. Welcome back to vlogmas number four. If you haven't been here since the beginning of the month, I am doing daily videos from December 1st to Christmas, alternating between vlogs and hair videos. And today I am working from home, started editing my last vlog. I'm like halfway ish done with that, but I'm getting hungry. So I'm about to make breakfast. I'm really enjoying vlogmas so far, but vlogging every day can be tricky because I feel like not every day is interesting enough to vlog, I guess, but I'm going to try my best to make the mundane things seem somewhat entertaining, I guess.  These are so freaking good. Ooh, I have avocados too, I just remember. So I'm gonna cut up a little avocado and put that on the side as well. Oh, I'm so excited.  So I usually will just do like a bigger breakfast. So I'm gonna eat this while I watch other people's vlogmas videos. I've been so busy doing my own that all the videos in my subscription feed have just been piling up.  I just got back from the gym. Let me pause the tea. Watching Gilmore Girls as usual. I just did an hour on the treadmill and every like 10 minutes or so I would just kind of change the speed and the incline and I just did that while I watched vlogmas videos, which I have to say if you have been trying to get back into a workout routine or start a workout routine, not even necessarily like a workout but if you've just been wanting to become more active, I feel like this is the perfect time to start. Like don't wait until January 1st. Start now because so many people have been posting daily videos and just throw on a YouTube video and go on the elliptical or walk on the treadmill or listen to it, listen to a podcast, whatever like as you're walking outside because cardio can be so boring and especially the days when I'm just like not feeling it, I'm not in the mood to move. Throwing a video or podcast or something on that can hold my attention and distract me and make me not think about the fact that I'm exercising is perfect. So yeah today I honestly just was not feeling it. I am supposed to be getting my period soon too so I'm just really like low energy right now but the days that I'm not at the salon I need to force myself to get up and move because otherwise I will just be sitting on the couch on my laptop the entire day but I'm about to make a protein shake because that's the other thing I've really been trying to dial in my nutrition as best I can. I'm obviously not perfect and I'm not trying to be crazy strict because then I feel like it gets a little dangerous and unhealthy and then I get obsessive which I don't want to do but I've just been trying to cook at home as much as possible, eat more whole foods and get in as much protein as I can. So I do unsweetened coconut milk and then one scoop of vanilla whey protein. I get this one from Trader Joe's and then I do two tablespoons of powdered peanut butter and then I like to add a little bit of cinnamon. I'm just gonna blend that up. I usually will add spinach to this as well if I have it but I don't have any at the moment. Here we go and this is just my little my little Nutribullet blender cup. I'll link that down below and then last straw from Amazon. So good! It literally just tastes like a peanut butter milk shake. I'm gonna drink this, watch a little more Gilmore Girls and then do some cleaning. I don't know if you can see the sink behind me is piled up with dishes so I'm gonna load those into the dishwasher and I have a lot of laundry, clean laundry that I need to fold and put away. It's a few hours later I ended up passing out after I drank that protein shake so I took a little nap for I don't know maybe like an hour or so. Loaded up the dishwasher, now I'm making dinner. I have this asparagus risotto that I got from Trader Joe's so I'm making that with some chicken and I just cut this up and seasoned it with olive oil, salt, pepper, onion powder and garlic powder. Hopefully this will be good. I've never tried this particular risotto before but it smells good and I'm like how could it be bad. It's like 6.30 now even though it feels so much later than that. After I eat I am going to put that laundry away because I still haven't done that and then I'd like to get a little more editing done. The way to be successful with vlogmas is you have to do at least a little bit of editing every single day. It's nice when I'm doing the hair videos in between the vlogs because I can have those pre-recorded but then I just need to make sure that I'm staying on top of the editing obviously. Good afternoon technically. I just finished having my breakfast, this banana nut protein instant oatmeal and then I added a tablespoon of natural peanut butter and oh my god this filled me up so much so didn't even finish all of it. I just posted the most recent vlog this morning where I shared that I got approved for the apartment and I'm already getting so many comments. Thank you guys so much for all the congratulations. I'm so excited and I'm really excited too because the lighting in the new place is going to be so much better because yes I got decent-ish natural light in this one but if I'm like in the bathroom or it's after the sun has set all of the bulbs in this apartment are so warm so it always looks so orange and yes I know I could have replaced the light bulbs if I really wanted to but it's just a pain to do that. When I was touring the new apartment I was like playing around with my camera to see you know what did the lighting look like and the light bulbs in there are so much better so I'm excited for that too for you know just to be vlogging in there and for everything to just look nicer oh that's nice. My boss just texted everybody and said that her mom brought lunch to the salon and to help ourselves so sweet oh my god so last night I slept for over 12 hours and that was even after taking my hour nap during the afternoon but it makes sense because I feel like yesterday or just the past few days I was feeling really tired I think it was just after going out for that Christmas party I didn't even get hungover or anything but I think just from being up super late it really threw everything off and like as I'm getting older I can't just like bounce back from stuff like that the way I used to when I was in my early 20s you know but it's interesting because before I would just be like oh I feel tired or oh I slept a lot today that's interesting but now that I have my fitness ring it wasn't so shocking to me because this has been telling me for the last few days that my recovery was not good and it even was saying like you probably feel tired and sluggish today you need more rest and my sleep index was not good this is the ultrahuman ring not sponsored they did send it to me which I'm very grateful for but I had talked about it when I first unboxed it last week and I told you guys that I would you know update you throughout vlogmas and let you know because it takes seven to 14 days to establish a baseline before it can really start getting like super detailed and really like track things accurately and now it's been just over a week so I don't know if it has my baseline yet or not but it's crazy how accurate this is like I will read this app and it will tell me me what's going on in my body how I'm feeling all of these things and I'm like how do you know that and I've been tracking my cycle on here too and my cycle ever since I got off the birth control pill my cycle has been so regular and for the first time in my whole life I can tell exactly what I'm ovulating from like you know I just have certain symptoms and I also can feel it like I can feel exactly what I ovulate and from which side but I knew I was ovulating the one day and it literally said like you're in your ovulation phase and it's saying my skin temperature is in the optimal zone this signals optimal recovery and I had a 95 sleep index last night so it said I got optimal sleep and optimal recovery and I am doing better today like look you can track throughout the week you see how my recovery now is pretty high and it dipped significantly yesterday and that explains why I'm so tired and just the last few days it was pretty low but it normally is like up here which is crazy and I'm like yeah looking back at it because Monday that was the day I had the salon photo shoot and I went and did the apartment stuff and I felt pretty good that day not my best but decent but the day before and then the day after yesterday I felt like garbage and I was so tired and sluggish and had no energy and it's crazy to look and be like so cool I'm really loving this and I've been finding it so helpful I love that I can track my steps which has been great and it'll show me how many calories my body burned for the day which has been good too because I've been also tracking the food that I'm consuming so I can literally see okay this is how much I burned generally speaking I don't know how exactly accurate it is but you know it'll just it just gives me a general idea and then okay this is how much I consume so I just want to make sure that I'm not consuming more than I'm burning because then that's how you end up gaining weight so it's been helpful for that and it is nice to just see like okay do I need more rest how was my sleep last night did I was I tossing and turning a lot throughout the night because like sometimes you don't even know that you're doing that and I have reached out to them and I asked if there was a coupon code or anything that I could share with you guys and they did give me a code so I will link that in the description but the brand is called ultra human it's just like the aura ring but it's just a different brand and actually my friend has the aura brand and we both agreed that we like this ring a lot better because it's way more comfortable and it just looks more sleek and it comes in a few different colors depending on what your preference is but I just got the gold one because it literally just looks like a regular ring and it matches with the rest of my jewelry so yeah if you want to get it for yourself I have a discount code for you that you can use or if you want to get it as a gift for someone and it's been really comfortable to wear I think I've had to take it off to charge it once so far but I leave it on when I'm in the shower when I'm at work shampooing clients it's waterproof anyway I'm going to get ready really quick I am going to go walk on the treadmill for a little bit nothing crazy because I don't have a lot of time so I think I'm just going to do maybe like a 30 to 45 minute just steady paced walk just to get in some extra steps and then I'm going to work the front desk at the salon looks like I'll be there till at least like 7 30 8 o'clock several hours later I just got home from the salon and I'm making dinner really quick I have some leftover Italian sausage with I'm just gonna make this is the only kind of pasta that I have so gonna make some small shells and that's gonna be my dinner I really need to go grocery shopping but I'm just trying to like make do with what I currently have I think I should be able to last until the weekend because I don't know I just hate grocery shopping I always have like even as a kid I used to hate going with my mom I don't know why I just hate grocery stores I think because they're just like so overstimulating and usually cold and I know I could do like instacart or something like that but it also feels stupid for me to like pay extra fees when I am fully capable and have the time to just go myself you know so I just try to get everything that I need like people who go to the grocery store and just buy like you know what they need for certain meals and then we'll go back to the store like throughout the week I don't I know even having to go once a week is like I try to just buy a lot of stuff because I know that I always end up eating generally the same things and I can kind of like stretch things out because you know it's just me um so like each meal that I make I usually will have leftovers at least for like another day or two after so I try to just buy a bunch of stuff freeze my meat that way I don't have to go to the store more than like once every other week let me know if you can relate maybe I'm just crazy I don't know it's a little while later I had my dinner and I edited my hair video that by the time you're watching this video it would be the one right before this the one about how to repair extremely damaged hair so that is all done and scheduled to go up in the morning I feel really proud of myself we are a week through vlogmas and so far I've been consistent with my videos uploading every morning I haven't all planned out like I've been on it like okay these are the videos that I want to go up on each day so I know like okay I need to record this video on this day and then make sure I edit it and it's a lot of work but it's fun it's a fun little challenge just to do for a few weeks I could never be able to keep this up long term but for like three weeks it's doable but let me pull up the questions from the last vlog so at the end of each vlogmas vlog I'm pulling up questions that you guys leave me in the comments of the previous vlog so if you have a question that you would like me to feature and answer in the next vlog in two days leave them down below in the comments and yeah like I said thank you guys so much for the support with vlogmas I'm just blown away like there's been so many comments and so much engagement and I really really appreciate it because it really does help if anytime you thumbs up a video or you leave a comment just that extra engagement helps with the algorithm and it helps YouTube see like oh okay this is like a popular video and then it will push it out and suggest it to other people and then you know it just helps bring more people to my channel and allows more people to watch and you know just helps me grow and I really appreciate it I usually just like scroll all the way to the bottom and then just kind of see what we got and I think again since this vlog is probably a little bit shorter I'll do a few questions uh the first one I see is do you see yourself being married to your man in the future do you believe in soulmates um I don't want to be too soon because whoever really knows what the future holds but yes we do speak about marriage I'm at that point in my life I'm 31 I don't really want to waste my time in a relationship if I don't see it going somewhere and especially like given all the history that me and my boyfriend have and everything we've been through and all the work that we've put in to like get to this place where we can get back together I wouldn't have done all that if I didn't think or hope that he would be like end game for me and I do believe in soulmates but I don't necessarily believe like oh every person only has their one soulmate and their one true love because that just doesn't seem possible or make any sense but I definitely do believe in fate and I believe in chemistry like even with a lot of my friendships I think about how if you guys saw the last vlog I was talking about my friend Hailey and how we knew each other from back in Pennsylvania and then we reconnected when I moved down here because we both happened to move down here at different times and like we ended up just like being super close and I don't know I feel like I have a lot of people in my life that I've just met in these weird circumstances and it's like oh my god what are the chances it just feels like the universe and fate brought us together you know and I think that those people are soulmates and I don't think that a soulmate necessarily has to say in your life forever I think that they just serve a important purpose in your life to me a soulmate is just someone that was meant to be in your life for a particular reason whether it's forever or just for a certain season but yeah I do believe in soulmates and I definitely think that my boyfriend is one of my soulmates a hundred percent I've always thought that how did you decide on North Carolina as the state to move to from Pennsylvania honestly I just loved the Carolinas I had been to Charleston South Carolina and fell in love with it but when I was looking to move basically I just had certain criteria I knew I wanted to be in the south I still wanted to be on the east coast I wanted to be along the coast because I wanted to live by the beach and I wanted to be south enough where it wouldn't snow or get too cold but north enough that I would be able to drive to my parents within a day honestly Charleston was kind of like what I was first leaning towards but it's kind of far so I just honestly looked at a map and I followed up the coast and I was like okay what's the next like city or like bigger town that's like just north of Charleston it was Myrtle Beach and I was like sex trafficking no and then the next one up was Wilmington I was like oh okay that's cute I think that's where they filmed Dawson's Creek and I did a little research on Google and I was like oh wow this seems like a really cute beautiful town drove down here a few weeks later had never been here before toward two apartments the second one was this one signed the lease right there and then moved down here a couple months later what products do you recommend for keeping gray hair bright and moisturized I am doing a purple shampoo video at some point in vlogmas stay tuned for that one but I would recommend using a clarifying shampoo you don't want to necessarily do this every time you wash your hair but I would say every third time or so it'll remove any kind of buildup that you have in your hair that could be making it look dull then I would follow it up with a purple shampoo that's going to neutralize any warmth in your hair any like yellowy tones it's going to really make your gray nice and silvery and fresh and beautiful and then just make sure you follow that up with a really good deep conditioner personally I love the joyco k-pack conditioning treatment but stay tuned for my purple shampoo video because I'll get into more detail about that and I'm going to show with swatches like before and afters of what exactly it does I'm from South Africa I've been doing hair for 21 years I feel after COVID a lot has changed for the hair industry I was wondering if you feel it over there do you also feel there's a lot of people potential clients doing their own hair from tutorials on YouTube do you feel that clients also stretch their appointments not like the old days where they come in every four to six weeks I feel a lot has changed in the hair industry it was wondering if it was a global problem also people complaining about the costs a lot more so I have only professionally been doing hair since 2017 so I didn't have too much experience before COVID happened so it's hard for me to say if there was like a huge switch at that time I mean of course there was but I feel like even before COVID there was already kind of this lean at least over here in the States towards low maintenance lived in color balayage was huge like people were already starting to want color that they only had to refresh like a couple times a year and personally I love doing that kind of stuff so I have just been embracing it so rather than doing like shorter less expensive root retouches on clients every four to six weeks instead I will do these bigger longer appointments where I'm doing like little tiny baby lights and a lot of blending and teasing and that kind of stuff and maybe I'm only seeing them like three times a year but those three times a year they're longer more expensive appointments so I feel like it kind of balances out a little bit I don't know it's tricky because people are struggling right now you know people don't have a lot of extra money to go get their hair done in salons and like we as the stylist are dealing with inflation so we have to keep increasing our prices in order to stay above water and have our own bills paid you know you want to be really sympathetic to the fact that everybody is struggling to get by or you know I shouldn't say everybody a lot of people are struggling to get by but what can you do like you know you also have to put food on your table we're definitely feeling it over here I mean I even said like this holiday season normally December and November are crazy and I'm normally slammed but not so much this year and even the other girls at my salon like it's not as busy as it even was last year so there's definitely been a change that is for sure okay let's just do one more question do you think you're going to miss being single I've been with my boyfriend for five years and I can't even remember what it was like anymore I and I love being in a relationship dating seems so stressful dating is really stressful there I feel like there's pros and cons to both for sure I always was a relationship girl like pretty much all through my adult life there was just one year in between my two serious relationships where I was single and then obviously like these past two years but I like the freedom of being single I like that feeling of going out with your single girlfriends and you just never know what the night's gonna hold you never know who you might run into or who you might go home with you know like that's fun but the idea of it is becoming less and less fun to me like as time goes on I think the only thing that I'll probably miss is living alone most of my friends especially the ones down here that I hang out with regularly most of them are in serious relationships or married a lot of them so it sucks whenever I'm hanging out with them and it's just all these couples and then I'm just there by myself so I am getting to the point where I'm like okay I'm over this I'm sure that I will have moments where I look back and I'm like oh that was fun like it was fun to be on my own live the single life but I mean the dating world honestly sucks especially with dating apps and stuff it's terrible go listen to my podcast it'll be linked in the description because it's me and my best friend Julia and we talk all about that kind of stuff dating and being single and like the trials and tribulations but yeah that's gonna be it for this vlog thank you guys so much for watching and commenting don't forget to leave your questions down below for the next one and I will be back tomorrow with a hair video and in two days with another vlog bye


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in Most of the people go to a gun range to shoot their guns work on a few skills Perhaps do a couple function checks pack up their stuff and leave But there are other people that show up at the gun range That are annoying and they make you regret that you went to that range on that day To begin with and we've all seen them But that's what I'm going to talk about Five guys that you're going to see that you could see at the gun range The first one is the tactical tough guy the tactical tough guy is the person that's going to talk down to everybody else They take the authoritative position They speak in absolutes and they say something like why did you get that you pay another 50 bucks? You could get a clock you didn't know that or they're they're they're going to Interrupt the sales at the counter and say you know, there's other ones way better. Don't buy it.  You know, that's the tactical tough guy They always want to be in charge. They may pretend to be a ballistics expert They they give you the impression that they know what they're talking about. Meanwhile, they're a professional video watcher they really go there with the expectation that they are There to teach everybody everything. They know very condescending Very arrogant Next is the show off the show off is the one who has a very nice gun But needs to make sure Everybody in that range knows that it is he who has that gun and why they got that gun and why nobody else has it Say, you know what? I'm Bobby and Bobby gets the best So I was thinking to myself Bobby as they speak in third person. What is the best that nobody else has? That's right Bobby got the shadow too because the very few people have this gun Okay, because it's very expensive the best shooting gun out there ask anybody but nobody ever shot it Very few people because you know Bobby Didn't have it and Bobby said I want the best and so Bobby got the best the CZ shadow took over a thousand dollars But you know Bobby said he needs the best and that's what Bobby got you should see what else I have my range back If I showed you half the stuff I have you would be like so blown away That's the the show off next is the Magdumper now the Magdumper has a full auto fantasy They're probably a video gamer They feel like they're in combat because they're a video gamer or they they don't have full auto So they have to pretend that they're full auto either that or their their sole purpose is to pretend they're in combat and Drives everybody crazy gets people jumping wondering what's going on the the range officers are all upset But yet the Magdumper is blowing through 500 rounds of ammo in 15 minutes And if you look at the target Most of which didn't even hit the paper that's seven yards away because they're dumping so fast the guns jumping around They're not even hitting the target. This is the type of people that these are that you don't want to be around and a shooting situation because they may make contact with the bad guy But they're gonna hit that person and that person and that person that person because their means of self-defense It's the Magdumper on somebody Probably the worst idea That I could think of next are the couples the couples. I actually like couples at the range I think it's kind of cute to see a little couple. They can we're gonna go have a date night at the range But it's it's kind of funny in a way public display of affections annoying. I don't care who you are it's very annoying but when when they're actually working on things either that or the the Ladies off the cycle are we done yet?   She out shoots them Or things like that everybody appreciates couples Getting involved in firearms ammo gear self-defense.  We're the new gun Excited guy. We just picked up a gun. Maybe the range has a store next to it You pick it up you go right into the range you shoot it And then you have to let everybody there know that that's your new gun. Why you got it? Hey, man I got the Walter PDP You know I got this because I checked out all these other ones. I checked out that one over there I checked out the one that you're shooting. I checked these other ones out But the Walter PDP's was the one for me man. It's price rights got all the features I want they're just so excited now From what I have found and I mean this in a big way people enjoy what they have so if they have a PDP Whatever that is the best gun out there It's the best carrying guns the best range guns the best home defense gun because they own it We need to avoid that because there again that that kind of takes us into the tactical tough guy Or the show-off phase where we say because I have it. It's the best Not always so it may be great for you But that's so great for somebody else. So those are the five types of people that you could meet at the gun range And I'm sure there are many more once I get the comments I envision myself doing a part two of this video because there are just so many directions You could go with this topic if you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


History was made in December 1955 when a phone call came in to the Continental Air Defense Command in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Answering the call, Colonel Harry Schaap was surprised to hear the voice of a child, asking to speak to Santa Claus. Soon after, more phone calls began filling up the phone lines, all with eager children, hoping for a chance to talk to Old St. Nick. Little did Colonel Schaap and his team know, a department store had placed an ad in the local paper hoping to draw children to their holiday toy sale. The misprinted phone number rang directly into an important red phone at the Conan Operation Center and thus, a holiday tradition was born. Colonel Schaap's command team filled the calls all night long, checking radars and informing children of Santa's progress. The tradition continued through the founding of NORAD in 1958 and has gone on to become a global phenomenon.


You're live. So welcome, folks. This is House Corrections and Institutions May 14th. And we're quickly working right now on the Senate proposal of amendment on House Bill 435. We have with us Interim Commissioner Baker, as well as Steve Howard from the BSEA. I want them to just focus in on two pieces. It's on the investigative unit. It's the employee rights language, as well as the collective bargaining language. This was put in on the Senate side. And we just want to connect with the two folks. My understanding is that this language is to ensure that if there's any investigations that these rights are there for folks that it's currently laid out within their current contract. But the concern was that we just wanted to make sure it would apply here as well. So quite often we use the term belts and suspenders. And this is why the language was put in. So I'm going to turn it over right now to Interim Commissioner Baker. Why don't we start with you and welcome? If you could please identify yourself for the record. My name is Jim Baker. I'm the Interim Commissioner of Corrections. And thank you for the opportunity to come in. Your description of that, Madam Chair, is correct. The union made the recommendation in Senate Governance and I have no issue with the language. It just solidifies the fact that we're going to honor the contract and follow the guidance. And I think when this came up, I'm not speaking for Executive Director Howard, but concerns about if we got into situations where we're doing a central review of a major incident and we come across potentially criminal conduct or misconduct that the employees were afforded the rights. And we absolutely support that. So I have no issue with the language. So let's turn it over to State Employees. Steve, would you just identify yourself for the record? Good morning, Madam Chair, members of the committee. For the record, I'm Steve Howard. I'm the Executive Director of the VSEA. And Madam Chair, I would say I think your description of belts and suspenders is accurate. What this language does is it guarantees that some of the constitutional rights that a worker who comes under a collective bargaining agreement are not ignored in an investigation of an incident. So for instance, wine garden rights, the right to a garrity letter if there's potential criminal implications. Our concern was just that in these investigations of incidents that the contract and the Constitution don't get ignored, they need to be respected in all investigations. So that's really what this is. I think belts and suspenders is a good way to describe it. OK. So it seems on the surface pretty straightforward. Are there any questions from the committee? So for the two of you, we've been working to try to concur with further proposal of amendment. And we've been working with our Senate counterparts. And it appears as if we're on a good track to concur with further proposal of amendment. The amendments right now are just kind of looking into how do how does the Monitoring Commission have access to employees and former employees? And there were issues around the exit interview. And we have addressed that a little bit differently in working with Amron last evening, and also working with Senator White. And we're going to be going through our draft of that. We're looking at the Human Resources does the survey. And the executive director of the VSEA showed us that survey. I think it was sometime in February, or it talks about a lot of employee morale and issues. And we thought if we use that instead of doing the exit interview reports would be better. So that's what we're switching language on that part. Just to let you folks know any further questions from the committee or anything else from Commissioner Baker or Steve Howard. OK, great. You folks can stay on if you'd like. We're going to look at the sexual exploitation section. There was a question on this particular piece. And I reached out to a legislative counsel for Bryn to help clarify the question came up yesterday about the language where it indicates at the time of sentencing for the offense for which the offenders being supervised by the department. The question came up. And we know this is language that we had on our side that came from House Judiciary. And the question was if they're being sentenced for a particular offense, but what if they're already serving another sentence for another offense? How does this language play in with that? Because quite often there are folks who already have a sentence and then they commit a new crime. And then they're going to be sentenced for that crime, but they also have an underlying previous sentence. So how does that all play in with the language about the supervision and knowingly or reasonably should have known that the offenders being supervised by the department? So I'm going to turn that over to Bryn to help us understand the language here. So Bryn, if you could introduce yourself for the record. Sure thing. So good morning, committee. Nice to see you all again for the record. It's Bryn here from Legislative Council. And as I understand the question, you are looking for clarification on the language about sexual exploitation of a person under the supervision of the Department of Corrections as it passed the House. So this is language that has not changed in the Senate. And what I would remind you all is that this is in Title 13. So this would be a crime, sexual exploitation of a person under the supervision of DOC. And really, the crime is key to when did the sexual act take place? So if the sexual act took place while the person was being supervised and that those two individuals were not in a consensual relationship at the time of sentencing for the offense that the person is being supervised for, then that would be considered, I mean, depending on the circumstances, would be considered sexual exploitation of an inmate. So if a person is under supervision and they engage in that act when they were not in a consensual relationship at the time they were sentenced, that could be sexual exploitation. If the person is then, it reoffends, say the person is out on supervision and they reoffend, and they are sentenced again, if they were engaged in a consensual sexual relationship at the time of that sentencing, then moving forward, that would likely not be considered sexual exploitation of an inmate if they engage in a sexual act later after that second sentencing. So I think that you may be thinking of a situation where an inmate and a worker were not engaged in a consensual sexual relationship while the person was being supervised, but then the person reoffends and is under supervision again for a second offense, and then they are in a consensual sexual relationship at that time, then the first may be considered sexual exploitation and the second would not. Does that help? I've had a hard time following that. I don't know if other people did or not. My internet is unstable, so I may have frozen up. So this is a crime. So the sexual exploitation of a person under the supervision of the Department of Corrections, the crime would be committed by the employee or contractor of DOC, correct? Not the offender, correct? Okay, just so people are clear on that. So Scott and then Kurt. Well, I think what we're trying to get at here is, is prohibiting a correctional officer, or somebody employed by DOC from engaging in a sexual relationship with somebody under the supervision of DOC because of that power differential, right? So in any time that that happens, unless that relationship predated supervision by DOC. So I think to me the question was about the phrase at the time of sentencing might be better put basically something like prior to the offender being under the supervision of DOC. Do you see what I'm getting at? I guess that's another way to put it, yes. Yeah, well, but I mean, I think it, because of the possibility of somebody being under supervision for another offense or whatever, having it say at the time of sentencing for the offense for which the offender is being supervised seems to leave a gap. But it is a little hard to follow the, you know, it wasn't a little hard to follow what you just said, right? So. I think what we're dealing with here, this is language within statute that sometimes is worded differently than how we think in layman's term. And this was also worked on through our house judiciary committee without legal staff. So I would just caution about trying to tinker too much with this language. I think the other piece that's triggered folks is the addition of the word consensual. I mean, just the question is whether there's a gap. So I would encourage the committee to look at the actual elements of this criminal offense. So the elements are that a person, an employee of the department shall not engage in a sexual act with a person that they know is being either as confined to a facility or as being supervised by the department. So that's what the timing is. If that person knows that the person is being supervised by the department and they engage in a sexual act with that person, that's the timing. So the concern was what about an existing relationship? So this committee worked on this language and decided that as long as they were in a consensual relationship at the time that they were sentenced for that offense for which they're under this department supervision, as long as that at that point, if you say prior to, then you may, there may be some question about how long prior to the time they were sentenced. Where is the timeframe there? So I think you were trying to tie it to a particular point in time, which was if at the time of sentencing, they were engaged in that consensual relationship, then it would not be considered sexual exploitation if they engaged in a sexual act while the person was under supervision. So I don't see there being a gap, but again, there may be a specific fact pattern that you have that I'm not privy to. Yeah, I don't have a particular fact pattern in mind. I'm just trying to see if there was a gap there. But yeah, this really is sort of judiciary committee specialty rather than ours, certainly rather than mine. So I guess I just wanted to ask the question and make sure that we weren't missing something. So we have a couple more questions. Kurt, and there was Karen and your hand went down. So I don't, okay, Kurt. Maybe I'm, maybe there's a fundamental misunderstanding in my thinking, but detainees, if we have, and we have lots of detainees, they have not been sentenced yet, correct? Correct. So if a person is a detainee and they have, and there's a relationship building between a corrections officer and that person, that person is under the supervision of the Department of Corrections. Correct. So they're detainee. So that would mean that this would say that they cannot have a consensual or non-consensual sexual relationship? Correct. That person is confined to a correctional facility. So that relationship would be considered depending on the circumstances, but that relationship would likely be considered sexual exploitation of an inmate or of a person in supervision of the Department. Regardless of whether it's consensual or not, but even though it's pre-sentencing. Correct. Because that person is confined to a correctional facility. Or under the super, ooh. No, just in the correctional. Just in the correctional facility? Right. So you're looking at, if I understand it correctly, you're looking at that language in subdivision too, an offender who's being supervised by the Department who's on parole, probation, community sentence or furlough. But if you're talking about detainees, those people are confined to a correctional facility. They're being detained. I see what you mean. Yes. Okay. I'll think about this some more. It sounds like we're all right, but I'll thank you. Other questions? Michael? Yes. Based on Bryn's explanation and rereading it here, I think it's spot on. I think it does the needed trick for us. And I'm comfortable with it. I see that it looks good. And I like the explanation that, Kurt just asked that question. And that sums up basically the bottom line. If they're under the supervision of DOC, then there wasn't something prior, you have a problem. And to me, I think it's pretty straightforward. I think it looks good. Thank you. Other folks? So are we okay with this language as was language that we had approved on our side previously? Marsha? I agree with what Michael just said. I'm on board. Okay. I'm on board as well. Yeah. I am too. Great. So thank you, Bryn, for coming in, zooming in real quick. Absolutely. I'll clarify. What I'd like to do, we still have time. I would like Amron to quickly walk us through the proposed changes that we have discussed. We discussed this as a committee yesterday a little bit at the end of the day. As a result of conversations that Sarah and I have with Senator White. And then we sat down with Amron and Amron, I know it was sent to Phil. It's on our webpage. And I've got to get there. And what I would recommend Amron is to go through the markup of the Senate proposal of amendment. I think that would be the easiest. So for folks at Senate proposal of amendment markup is what you want to click on. And it highlights where the changes were made. Come on with the yellow highlighting, in other words, the second document. Okay, great. And I also just received an email from Senator White. She has quickly looked this over with some members of her committee. And at this point it appears as if they are supportive of this. So Amron, I'm going to turn it over to you. If you could identify yourself for the record. Yes, good morning, Amron Aberjaley, Legislative Council. So I am looking at draft number. Oops, nope, I'm looking at the wrong document. One moment. I am looking at the Senate proposal of amendment. And you'll see in the header, it says markup-ala. The draft amendment proposal that is also posted is the instances of amendment are in the same order that you will see them here through this markup. In case you want to go back and look through, they go in order as you find them in this draft, or excuse me, this markup. So the actual amendment that will be presented in the calendar will not look like this. It looks totally different and it's harder to follow. So I said to Amron for the committee, it would be easier just to see the markup in the Senate proposal's language first and not go through what's really gonna be written up as a formal amendment because it's very hard to follow. All right, so the first instance of amendment is going to be on page one in subsection B, subdivision one, the commission shall be composed of the following eight members. Would you like me to pause, Madam Chair, between each one or keep going? Okay. Because we have short on time and if folks have a question, just raise your hand. So just keep going. Okay, and the reason we have changed this to eight is you'll see on page two, the removal of subdivision H, a former employee of a Vermont Community Justice Center appointed by the Community Justice Network. So the membership of the commission with that deletion will be moving down to eight members from nine. And that was one of our concerns and this is how it's addressed. The next change, the third instance of amendment is on the bottom of page three in subdivision two of subsection C, powers and duties. This is to delete the exit interview records and you'll see that the sentence will now read, the commission may engage with current and former department employees and individuals in the custody of the department, review the analysis of state of Vermont employee engagement survey results from the Department of Human Resources and meet with the Vermont State Employees Association to further the commission's understanding of these issues. And I should note the analysis that is put out on a mostly annual basis from the Department of Human Resources is a public document and it is an aggregate of an analysis of data obtained from employees filling out surveys. So we do have a question, Amron. So the commission may engage with current and former department employees. If I'm on the commission or there's a commission and I decide, you know, I'd really like to talk to such and such the supervised, the superintendent from the certain facility or something. Does that mean that I will be able to or is there anything stopping me from, stopping the commission from interviewing that from engaging with that person? I read this as giving the commission the authority to engage with those members, although I would think that, well, it doesn't say anything about coordinating with the commissioner. It just says that they may engage. Okay, all right, thank you. Anything else? So this is where we really worked on the issue of the exit interview records. The part about the exit interview records was also for former employee, it was for former DOC employees. So we incorporated, we thought if we incorporated where the commission could engage, where it said current department employees and individuals to also add former, because the Senate really does wanna have access, allow the commission to have access to former employees as well, not just current ones, but former. And we had concerns that the commission would do an interview with current employees and that the commission could also review the exit interview records of former employees. So we've melded those two together into allowing the commission to reach out to current and former department employees and individuals in the custody of the department. And I see some faces that look a little confused. Karen, do you have anything? You looked a little confused. No, so this is the way we kind of melded those two together. Any further questions on this? And we worked with Senator White on this one, particularly the interview issue and the exit interview records issue. And we worked through that. And I wanna thank Amron for bringing in the analysis of the state employee engagement survey results as a mechanism for folks to see where our employees really feel in their work environment. And VSEA had shared that with us, I think back in February. And it was very informative. And that is a public record, okay? So let's continue, Amron. All right, the next instance of amendment, which is the fourth instance, yes, fourth instance of amendment is on page five in subdivision four, beginning on January 1st, 2023. The commission now will submit an annual report rather than report annually. And this is to indicate that this is not a requirement for a presentation, but it will be a requirement for a written report. And Karen brought up above where on number two, it stated the commission shall report annually on or before January 15th to the commissioner of corrections and secretary of the agency and human services and committees. The department's progress and improving staffing retention, the barriers for further improvement to staffing retention, improving working conditions, employee morale. That would be a separate report that's specific to those items. So we were okay with thinking it would just be a report annually instead of tracking. Shall submit a report because it was specific for those areas. Scott. I have a note here about this particular change that something about sunsetting in two years. It's coming. I'm getting to that. Okay. It's coming. Karen. Yes, and as commissioner Baker on still my screen. Yes. So I guess I would be a question for commissioner Baker because this is the addition of looking at the staffing retention piece of it, which we hadn't had originally in this commission makeup. So I would be curious to get your thoughts on, how manageable will this be to work with a commission to have the, because I'm assuming that's going to be a lot of meetings for you and coordinating with them. Does this see manageable? What are your thoughts on that with this extra body of work? I have no issue. I mean, the next commission may have issues. I don't know. I'll go back to what I've said all along about this commission. It's just time that corrections opens up its curtain windows and lets people peek inside. And I think there's going to be a huge benefit from the way I look at it. From my background, I've always said in these type of agencies, you're going to be successful when you let the public touch the process and better understand the process. So for me, I have no problems whatsoever at all. In fact, I'm looking forward to it. Great. Thank you. So let's keep moving because time's a wasting here. All right. So the next instance of amendment is down on page six in section three. You'll see that I have amended this section to add a new subsection A to say that 28 VSA, section one, two, three, subdivision C4, which is the report we were just discussing, is repealed on July 1st, 2024. So that would mean the commission will be providing the written report from subdivision four for January 1st, 2023 as well as for January 1st, 2024. And then the requirement would sunset July 1st, 2024 unless the legislature determines that they would like the report to continue and changes this session law. Okay. Let's keep going. I'm now moving down to page eight. And this is right now we're in the implementation of the commission. This is to set up the staggering with the removal of that ninth member appointed by the community justice network of Vermont. We now need to remove that from the staggering implementation section of this. So that is the change that you see here on page eight. Okay. Let's keep moving. And those are all of the changes. So that's it. So I received an email from the chair of Senate GovOps. And I'm just gonna, she had passed this by three. Let me get the email again, see if it's been updated. She said, so far three members have weighed in and they are okay. We'll let you know if either of the other two have serious objections. So I would like to finish this up today. If possible, are people okay with this amendment? Proposed amendment. Okay. I don't feel comfortable just yet in taking a vote. I would like to come together really quick. I'm gonna, what do you think, Sarah? You're the one that worked a lot with the committee over there. Would it be safe to take a vote right now and concurring? I just, I would like to hear, I think Senator White is making fast work of this and I'd feel better if knowing that she spoke to all five members of her committee. And it might make sense for us just to wait if we could come back and take a vote on this after the floor, that might be. Then we know that we have an agreement with this further proposal of amendment. Those are my thoughts. I think it depends on which member she spoke to. Mary? I would agree with that. I think we wanna all be on the same page. So we don't have a last minute kind of question. So I would probably say it's important to wait to just hear from the other two. Okay. So why don't we do that? This is on notice. The bill's on notice today. So it'll be up for action on Tuesday. And I would really like to get this amendment wrapped up and submitted to the clerk's office. So it can be in the calendar. That's the push so that it can be in the calendar for Tuesday. And Sarah would be the person reporting this on the floor. So the amendment, Amron, would be from Sarah Coffey. Okay. Thank you. So be on the lookout, folks, for a text. What I would recommend as soon as we'd finish on the floor, come right back into committee is what I'm thinking. I think if Sarah, you'd be willing to connect with Senator White and say, we are in agreement and we are on hold waiting to take a vote to hear back from your other two members. I can do that. And we would like to vote on that this morning. Great. Okay. So thank you all.  So thank you, commissioner. Thank you, Steve. Thank you, folks. We're on a roll. We're gonna get it done. Thank you very much. Have a great day. Yes, you too. Thank you.


Around Dodge City and in the territory on West, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers. And that's with a U.S. Marshal and the smell of gun smoke. Gun smoke, starring William Conrad. The story of the violence that moved West with young America. The story of a man who moved with it. Matt Dillon, United States Marshal. He sure made himself scarce in a hurry, Mr. Dillon. Yeah, it looks that way. The plaza seems pretty quiet. Maybe he got the wind up and rolled right on out of town. You're giving him credit for too much sense, Chester. Yes, sir.  Hey, come on, let's take a look in the Texas trees. All right. Something wrong? Kitty, I'm looking for Billy Mallard. Ah. You been around? Take a look at the mirror back at the bar.  When was he here? Half an hour ago, Matt. Drunk mean. I can't stand him or his father. Maybe they do own half of Texas, but I hate him. Well, they're texting on this, Kitty. And that means they've always got to be stunned. Chester. I told the mallards when I brought the cattle up here last year that they'd have to act civilized. Come on, Chester. Somebody light this up at the west end of the plaza. Yeah. It's probably the accidental. Oh, just a second, Marshal. What is that, Mr. Colby? Buckle's pistol shots, Marshal. I reckon that's young Billy Mallard. Kicking up his heel. Well, in about five minutes, he's gonna be kicking him up in jail. No, no, no, no. Let's not be hasty, Marshal Dillon. We have to think of the best interests of Dodge City in a situation like this. What? Those mallards are mighty important people, you know. All one of the biggest ranches in Texas.  Well, as far as I'm concerned, he gets the same treatment as any other drunken cowboy. I'm sorry, Mr. Colby. Now, wait a minute. All you're going to do is antagonize him. They'll turn their drives east from now on. They'll ship their stock out of Hayes City or Abilene. And you can't arrest Billy anyways. Well, he's got that gunman, Tom Wayne, and one of the 30, 40 Malloranche riders back in the day. Look, I'll argue with you later. I got a job to do. Dillon, you can't do that. Chester, let's go pick him up. That's him, all right, Mr. Dillon? Standing there in the light. Yeah. I see him. Must be a dozen or more of his riders with him. Chester, you keep Tom Wayne covered. The rest of them will wait for him to make the first move. I'll take Billy. Yeah. Mallor! Local Marshal, huh? Put the gun away, Mallor. Why don't you try to put it away for me, Marshal? Mr. Wayne, you'll keep your hands still and in plain sight. I said put the gun away, Billy.  Hand with empty hands. Ten stars are yours, makes a good target. I got me a whole collection of stars like that. That's far enough. You'd better hold it right where you are. I give you two warnings, Billy. That's one more and I usually give a man. Now you hand over that gun. I told you to take it if you think you can. No! Let him go! You bend that gun barrel someday, Marshal. Lay it over man's head that way. Don't worry about it, Wayne. As long as it's not your head. I'm not worried. I would be, though, if I was wearing that star of yours. Why? Oh, King Mallor, he don't like badge-toters much. Especially when they buffalo the boy here. And he better leave the boy at home when he brings a herd north. Does he get away with this kind of behavior down there? He does. Well, here it's different. You can see for yourself. Maybe it ain't over yet, either.  It's nothing to me, Marshal. Not unless I get orders from King. Well, he knows where he can find me. Yeah, I reckon. All right, the rest of you men. You can stay up all night, spend your money, do as you please. With one exception. If any one of you pulls a gun inside the city limits of Dodge, you'll get the same treatment as young Mallor here. How's that clear? Come on, John. Let's go. All right, Chasta, let's drag him over to the jail.  Well, it's better than having a bullet in the stomach. That's what he was asking for. He certainly was. I declare, Mr. Dillon, if you don't stop taking chances when a man's already got a gun in his hand... That's for you can't shoot every cowboy who has a snort or two and starts to take it out from the town. I know, sir, but... Hand me that bucket of water there in the corridor, will you? Yes, sir. Now, that ought to bring him around. All right, Chasta, lock up the cell. Just a minute there, Marshal. Don't lock that cell. Lock it up, Chasta. Yes, sir. I just told you to stop the matter, didn't you hear me? I can probably hear you clear back in Texas. Now, what's on your mind? I'll tell you what's on my mind. I want my boy out of that cell. And I want him out in a hurry. Come around the morning when the court opens. He's under arrest. Arrest? You? I can buy you in this 30-cent town of yours and never know the difference. Maybe, but we'd know it.  I've hired you to bot this long enough. Either you'll open that cell or hand over the keys. I'm sorry. You there, come on. Hand them over. Here, now, Mr. Mowler. What's the matter? Dang, you've gone far enough. You've been something. Orange's going in the wrong way. I said, leave them alone. Let go of me, Dylan. Chasta, unlock the cell. Yes, sir. I'm warning you, Marshal, for the last time, if you don't get your hands off me. Sure, King. Here you go. Now lock it up, Chester. Yes, sir. I'll break you, Dylan. I'll break you and run you out of the country. Sure. Sure, I know. But you'll have to wait until tomorrow morning. I'm quiet around town, Mr. Dylan, with them mallards locked up. You and Chasta look thirsty, Marshal. I brought you a pitcher of beer. All in the house. Well, it's not a bad idea, Kitty. Well, thank you. I know. Don't worry about the mallards. They ought to be locked up in the same cell. They're two of a kind. Well, Kitty, it's... I don't know.  I don't know who's more to blame. Excuse me, Kitty. Uh-huh. But I don't know exactly what I'm supposed to do here. What are you going to learn, honey? Oh, Matt, I don't think you've met Nora Beale. Huh? Matt Dylan, Nora. And Chasta Cowd for it. All right. Probably know you. How do you do, ma'am? Well, Nora, honey, all you got to do right now is just stand around and look beautiful. I'll be along in a second to show you the ropes. Oh, thank you, Kitty. I'm very pleased to have met both of you. Thank you. Likewise, ma'am. Where'd she come from? She's no endogenous, isn't she? Oh, yeah. She's real sweet, Matt. She's a singer from Chicago or somewhere. She got stranded here a couple of days ago. She only plans to work a week and nothing else. Excuse me, Miss Kitty. Miss Dylan, look. There's King Mallard. What? Over at the bar there, Mr. Kelby. Well, what's he doing out of jail, ma'am?  It's aggravating. Sometimes he's got... Well, now. Now, Marshal, let's keep our temperature up. King, how did you get out of jail? When I've got anything to say to you, Dylan, I'll look you up.  The mayor came down to his office. He fixed bail and he released Mr. Mallard and his son. They're both out, huh? Who went bail for this, Kelby? That's all in the best interest of the town, Marshal. Just like I've been telling Mr. Mallard here, it was just a misunderstanding and all of us hope he won't hold it against us. Kelby, I ought to run you in for obstructing justice. Somebody fired from the street, Mr. Dylan. I'll go out there. What? What? What is it, Kitty? Norville got hit, ma'am. She's hurt bad. We will return for the second act of gun smoke in just a moment. But first, giving medical and welfare assistance to our armed forces and veterans, collecting much needed blood, training our citizens for service in case of a national emergency, and always on the spot first with disaster relief, these are some of the many services of the American Red Cross. But this all costs money. $85 million this year. So please answer the call. Let's go generously to the Red Cross. Now for the second act of gun smoke. Over here, ma'am. They're over here at the poker table. All right, Kitty. Easy now, ma'am. It's all right. Sorry, boys. We're behind. There, ma'am. All right, Kitty. Take this coat under her head. How did somebody send for a doc? Yeah, when the dealer's gone after him. Oh, I don't know. I look normal. Don't try to move now. Looks like she was hit twice. Matt, do you think that she had a chance at all? I don't know, Kitty. Poor kid. It's all right, honey. Doc will be here soon. But why did they shoot me? Why? I think they were trying to get me, Nora. Not you. Why did they do it? Why? Oh, where's Doc? Why doesn't he get here? Do you want me to go after Mr. Dillon? Oh, please. I feel so... No. No, Chester. There's no need for Doc to hurry now. Oh, Matt. She was... So... Well, Doc can take care of it when he gets here. Looks like Billy Mallor really posed something this time, Mr. Dillon. No? How do you know it was Billy, Chester?  Yeah. I got a feeling those shots weren't wild. They were aimed at me. You were just lucky, Mr. Dillon. Where's Billy, not, Chester? I don't know, sir. I heard that Mallor bunch is getting ready to pull out.  King Mallor and Tom Wayne are there. I'll have a cover, Billy, of course. It's going to be a lot tougher this time. Yes. A whole lot tougher, I reckon. Kitty? Yeah. Well, you sort of take charge of things here until Doc shows up. Oh, sure, Matt. You go on. Get your posse. Posse? You don't need one, miss. When you move in with a posse, you ask for a gunfight. Works on a man like an out-and-out challenge. I'm going to handle it alone. But there must be simply other matters. Only three that count, as long as we can control the Mallors and Tom Wayne, the others don't matter. Marshall! Oh, Kelvin. You got another suggestion for the best interests of the town? Now, listen here. You can't go up there, Marshall. That'll just lead to more killing. Won't do anybody any good. This wouldn't have happened, you know, if you'd taken my advice and not thrown that boy in jail. And it wouldn't have happened if you'd have stayed out of it and left him in jail, Kelvin. And tomorrow morning, he'd have sobered up and cooled off. Well, what's done's done. But they're getting ready to leave now. You can pass the word for King not to bring the boy along when he comes up next year and let it go at that. Don't make it any worse now, Marshall. Let it go at that. Don't antagonize him, huh? Look the other way.   Murder? It wasn't murder. That was an accident. It was murder. He meant to kill somebody, and he did. The only accident about it was the fact that he didn't kill me. Well, it's just a common dance hall girl. Nobody's gonna pay any mind. I mind, Kelvin. And the law minds. Then you stay out of this for now, and you understand me. Well, Dylan, you're not talking to some saddlebomb. Uh... Chester. Yes, sir. Matthew. Yeah, Kitty.  It seems to me I'm being sold off a shorter on here.  Kitty, if I let Mallor get away with this, I'd be through on Dodge City, and so would the law. It was hard work bringing the law in here. And it's been hard work keeping it here. And it'd be 10 times harder trying to bring it back if it ever got shoved out. Yeah. All right, Matt. But do one thing, will you? What? Wait here. I'll be right back. Here. Take this shotgun with you. Red keeps it back at the bar, but you take it, Matt. It'll help the odds a little, at least. It's a good idea, Mr. Dylan. I'd sure feel a lot easier in my mind if you took it. Well, all right. Thanks, Kitty. I'll see you. Pretty little thing. Yeah. Out down the street in front of the hotel. Yeah, I see. Looks like the whole Mallor mob. This ain't gonna be very easy. King and Wayne are there, but I don't see Billy. No, sir, I don't either. Those two are the ones to watch, Tester. Don't let them start a play. Yes, Mr. Dylan, I understand. Here comes Marshall, Mr. Mallor. I want that boy of yours. What's the charge this time, Dylan? Murder. That girl died. She died. Now, where's Billy? Where'd you get the idea he had anything to do with it? Half a dozen people saw him fire the shots from the street. Well, I say he wasn't near that. Well, don't say it to me. Say it in court. Now, where is he, King? Marshall, there's 40 of my riders standing here in the street. Every one of them packing a gun. I suppose you just turn around, start walking. I said, where's Billy?  You're not giving anybody the word, King. Buck shots have got a pretty fair spread. Now, at the first sight of any move by this bunch, and I'll get you and Wayne with one blast.  Dylan, you're barking up the wrong tree here.  That's his horse tied after the rail, isn't it? All right, where is he, King, inside the hotel? Now, look, Marshall, there's no call for all this. Maybe Billy did get a little bit out of line. He's always been a high-spirited young man, but there's no reason for us to lose our heads. You know, you got no case against him. Every one of my men here will swear he wasn't anywhere near that. We've got our chance at the trial. Well, now, that's just trouble. We can't hang around here waiting for a trial. It cost me money, but I am willing to spend quite a bit, Marshall, to avoid being convenience. Never mind, King.   Move over a little closer to him. All right, that's it, right there. All right. The rest of you men fish your guns out and drop them on the ground. Now, slow and easy, no sudden moves. Watch him, Chester. Yes, sir, I am. Back up now, out into the street, away from those guns.  Move! Here, Chester, take the shotgun, keep it covered. Yes, sir.  Nobody will get hurt. Dylan, what you gonna do? I'm going in the hotel and bring out that kid. Watch him, Chester. Yes, sir, Mr. Dylan. Yeah? He's upstairs, somewhere. Alone? Everybody else, clear it out. Well, now's your time. Go ahead if you want. The millers won't bother you. Thank you, Marshall. And the best of luck to you, sir. You better give up. Billy, you haven't got a chance. If you know what's going on. Now, hold it, Billy. Throw your gun out into the hall.  It's your last chance, Billy.   Was that easy dead? Yeah. I gave him two chances, he wouldn't take them. Yeah, headstrong. Always was. I guess maybe, maybe I didn't bring him up right. It's too late to worry about that now. I'm sorry, King. For Billy and for the girl both. He had it coming. I know that much. I tried to stop it. Too late. Only we are new. But you wouldn't bluff Tom. Go get him. We'll have to bury him in Kansas. All right, King. We'll be leaving Dodge right after. Gun smoke under the direction of Norman McDonald stars William Conrad as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshall. This story was specially written for Gun Smoke by Les Crutchfield with music composed and conducted by Rex Corey. Featured in the cast were Sam Edwards, John Daener, Lawrence Dobkin, Harry Bartel, Charlotte Lawrence, and Barney Phillips. Wally Bear is Chester and Georgia Ellis is Kitty. Gun smoke is heard by our troops overseas through the facilities of the Armed Forces Radio Service. Join us again next week as Matt Dillon, U.S. Marshall, fights to bring law and order out of the wild violence of the West in Gun Smoke. Every Sunday evening, CBS Radio presents My Little Margie, a hilarious comedy show starring Charles Ferrell and Gale Storm. It's a worthy addition to the Sunday-Funday lineup, a program that's packed with laughs from start to finish. Listen for My Little Margie on most of these same stations. Tomorrow night presented by CBS Radio. This is the CBS Radio Network.


Ah, global connections here on a given Monday afternoon. I'm Jay Fidel. This is Think Tech. And we're doing global connections today with Kartiki Mishra, who joins us from Varanasi, India. Hi, Kartiki. It's been a long time. Yeah, Jay, it's been a long time since I did the last video in June, 2019. So it's first in 2020. Okay, well, it's nine months anyway. Nice to see your smile and face. So I want to catch up with you. Let's see, last time I looked, you were in business school in Varanasi. Can you talk about your academic career? Yeah, I was pursuing my VBA. I completed that. And now I'm pursuing my MBA from the very same institute in Varanasi. And so what are you specializing in? What is it that interests you? What are your courses like? I think I would like to specialize in finance if it's possible. It's in next year. It's not in the first year. So specialization will be in next year. So I will be taking finance in that. Okay, and you had some construction going on on your house, on your apartment, back the last time we spoke or two. Is that finished now? Yes, yes, that's finished. You're still living in the same place? Yeah, yeah. You know, there was a thing on television here about water in India. And it described a particular apartment house and I thought of you. It was a nice looking apartment house except they had no water. And so the owners of the building had to ship in the water in tanker trucks in order to supply their tenants with water on an everyday basis. Do you have that problem in Varanasi? I think we don't have that problem in Varanasi but in few particular areas of India, we do have that problem. In Maharashtra and in few other areas there is this issue of water crisis and we are trying to manage it. Yeah, well, you know, this is the 21st century. Welcome to the 21st century where water becomes more important, more dear, more expensive, more hard to find. And I think we see the future unfolding in India where water is hard to find. Well, you know, he left the United States for that trip with Prime Minister Modi just as the coronavirus epidemic was breaking in this country and it had wrecked havoc already in China. And people were saying, why is he doing this? Why is he leaving the helm of the ship when he has a crisis on his hands in the United States? And it was not clear that there was a significant benefit for going to India at that time. What are the people in India think about the benefits that Trump or Modi enjoyed by reason of that meeting? Yeah, basically, if I would like to say that it's more a style of diplomacy rather than it's more on focused on showing that United States and India are good friends. And this is the emphasis of that particular visit. Donald Trump, when arrived in India, he was very well received by the Indian people. The Modi government gave him a very grand welcome. So it was not just about Donald Trump and Prime Minister Modi, it's more about United States and India and the relationship which we have. So that was something which we were celebrating. And it was a 36 hours visit, quite a small one in terms of relation. So it was a successful one, at least from my point of view. You know, there were disturbances, protests, street scene demonstrations at the time that Trump was in India. Can you tell me what all of that was about? Was that about the contention between Muslims and Hindus or something else? Look, government rolled out a build called NRC, it's particularly Citizenship Amendment Act, which stated that people from different minorities, countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh will get a citizenship in India. And the only community which was not allowed to get a citizenship through this act was the Muslim community. So this was one reason that people are protesting against the CAA. And the other thing is NRC, which is called National Registration for the Citizenship. People are laying a directive without the illegal immigrants. So people are afraid. Basically the minorities are afraid that government might use a pool of Muslims. I think misconception is there between people. And that led to a protest in Delhi and that was going on. And that protest led to some riots in Delhi in during that duration. Yeah, and the other thing that has come up in recent weeks has been the problem in Kashmir where the Indian government has essentially shut Kashmir down, separated it from the internet and other barriers in Kashmir. What's that all about? And how do the Indian people feel about that? Sure, Kashmir issue is a very difficult issue for India since 1947. Kashmir was an independent country which joined India through an article of accession to the Indian Union seven back then. After that, we have some issues with parking regarding Kashmir. The stunt claims Kashmir and India claims Kashmir. It's a similar situation like Palestine and Israel if you know. So that's a kind of conflict which we are having. Kashmir being a special state in India, it was a granted, we have granted that state particular privileges which was under article 370 and 35A. And this article was revoked by the Modi government and it was on their manifesto since beginning that they said that whenever they will come to power they will revoke this particular article. So they revoked that and took prevent riots and protests in that particular Kashmir area which can become violent and difficult for government to handle. They put some restrictions on Kashmir but it's not like that. They are violating that particular human rights. Sometimes people say that human rights are being violated. So I don't say because terrorism was also taking place in Kashmir. So if we remove that article 370 and merge it with India in complete way, I think we will develop Kashmir and that's the point of the government. Many laws which were not applicable in Kashmir back then when that law was existing will now be implemented in Kashmir. So I can say that revocation of article 370 was a good step and it should be appreciated. Ah, okay. I guess in most issues you're gonna agree with Premier Modi then, huh? Look, Prime Minister Modi is from my constituency, my city only. He's member of parliament from my very same city of Varanasi. So I support it. Okay, speaking of Varanasi, I mean this sort of leads to the next question I have for you. There was a piece on television recently and we all know about the Ganges and Varanasi and people praying near the river and bathing in the river and all that. And one of the issues raised, which I suppose is not a new issue, is that that may not be all that healthy to do that. And I wonder if there's any steps being taken to clean the river, to clean the pollution, to avoid bathing in a river that could make you sick. And I guess part of that is I wanna know if you go to the river and you bathe over there. And the government is trying to do that. It's not since Modi government, it's back in 1980s from the time of Rajiv Gandhi. Till now, many governments are trying to curb that pollution in the Ganges River or the Ganga River. So you don't go down there regularly in Bay than the river then? No, I don't get the chance. Okay, and you wouldn't recommend that I come to Varanasi in Bay than the river, I guess. I don't recommend it, you can do that. Many people are doing that. No one is getting sick, you can do that. But I would like, I would be glad if you visit Varanasi, it's a very ancient city. And you will get a chance to see a lot of old things. Yes, I know. And you told me before that you will stay in Varanasi, right? That's your inclination to remain there after school when you take your MBA and get a job and make a career in Varanasi, yeah. That's great. Yeah, if that's possible, I will do that. I wanna turn to global health for a minute. We are suffering. This country is locked up in the coronavirus pandemic and so is Europe and there are cases in Africa, there are cases in South America. I'm afraid I don't know the status of the pandemic in India, can you tell me? Yeah, I think as for now 124 people are infected and there was a casualty of two. And the government is trying to take steps how to stop it, how to curb it. And visas on arrival and foreign travel is suspended April 15th from the side of government, it is issued. Other schools and colleges and public gatherings have been closed down till 31st March that no schools and colleges would be open, no gyms would be open, no public gatherings would be done. And government is trying to take steps how to stop that virus because it's spreading day by day. Each two or three cases come up every day. So government is trying to stop that. Are people dying? Yeah, two casualties till now. And how about you, have you changed your life about it? No, I think in Varanasi, there is a lockdown of colleges. So I'm staying at home currently. So as for now, it's not affecting, but if this carries on for long, it may affect education, it may affect businesses, it may affect tourism and various other sectors. The Corona virus will not only affect the health, it will affect the economy as a whole. We can see a recession if this continues in 2020.  Are you providing social distance, six feet or more to the people you meet? Are you worried? Yes, I'm worried and I'm washing hands. We have sanitizers and everything. We are taking proper measures, medical masks are there. And I'm avoiding that for public gatherings. So I'm taking my measures. It's not yet in Varanasi, no one is reported yet to be affected by Corona virus in Varanasi city. Is there testing going on as there is in other countries? Are test kits available? Are people being tested for the virus? Yeah, people are being tested. The people who arrive on airport or on any major seat boards are being tested. And people who are traveling basically on airports or any particular area from one place to another district, people are being tested. And government is trying to get as many as people possible to know what's the situation of this Corona virus in India. But as for now, 124 are there. And I think this count can increase in future. And Prime Minister Modi held a video conference recently, yesterday or day before yesterday on this Corona virus with eight neighboring countries, which we have, that how to tackle this issue. Are you closing borders? Yeah, we have closed the borders. So for example, the border with China is closed. Border with China is closed? You know, I'm impressed, even startled by your answer, it confirms to me that we really do have a global epidemic that India is so far away from the US and from Europe and Africa and South America. And you are going through the same process that we are. Day by day, event by event, advance by advance in the cases by cases, that's very, very interesting. But let me ask you something you referred to a minute ago, and this is really important for you as a business student. You mentioned that the economy of India will be affected. Is it affected now? Is there a slowdown now? Is there fewer transactions of goods and services happening in India and Varanasi right now? As for now, things are quite normal because the situation is under control. But if this thing takes place on a huge scale, if something like that happens, so then it will drastically affect, as for manufacturing in other sectors, the few sectors are being affected. That's not due to the coronavirus, that's due to the slow recessions which we are having. The GDP growth rate is now low. That's not due to coronavirus, it's due to previous steps and the slowdown in the global economy as well. The stock, there is a bloodbath in the stock market. It's drastically affected. You can see that stock markets are crashing in India. 2,000 points and 3,000 points and the government is trying to stop that crash of stock market. It is an economic impact on India. If not, control will lead to further implications. Well, it's a great concern. It's a great concern here for sure. Gather from what you say, it's a great concern in India as well and that means it's a great concern around the world. So I have a question I would like to put to you as a business student. A master's, a graduate business student, if you will. Let's assume that from a medicine and health point of view, from a contagion point of view, from a new cases point of view, this all slows down say in September, in the fall. Okay, and by that time, there will be substantial damage to the economy of the United States, the economy of Europe, Asia, Africa, maybe India too. Maybe India is right along with all the others. How long will it take? What will have to happen for the global economy to recover? What are the steps? What are the increments? What are the demarcations of a recovery? Demarcations of a recovery. Look, as for if thing goes back till September and we see a fall in consumer consumption of goods manufacturing and other sectors, one thing which is possible, which I can say that rather than focusing on global trade, what countries can do is focus on the internal trade between states, state to state. This will help the economy to sustain for a bit longer time, because population will be there, demand will be there, and few things which we can produce can, will be marketed. I think medicines and other issues, I think medical companies will benefit from this coronavirus, it's a very used possibility. And as for India, I can say that if this coronavirus continues in China, so it's unfortunate for them, but it's an opportunity for India that as manufacturing industries are being shut down in China, India can use this as an opportunity to shift that industries from China to India, because the cases are less, the threat is less, if it is controlled properly, we can have, I think, a growth by 2021, because I'm not seeing, and it's not possible that we can solve this issue in 2020. It's very big to solve it in a very small period of time. And as for vaccine, there is no such vaccine for coronavirus. The only thing is that we can take precautions. You talked about opportunities, and one of the things that struck me today is that people in this country are all staying home, different periods, different terms and conditions, but pretty much everybody's staying home, they're not going to work very much and they're trying to work from home or maybe not work from home, but what they are doing at home is they're on the internet, and you get two effects from that. One is you get a lot of demand on internet resources and maybe that's slowing things down, but the other thing is they are buying goods and services, especially goods, even food, medicines, what have you on the internet, they're buying them through Amazon. And so if I had to guess, I would guess that Amazon is doing well and it's probably a stock to watch, but I'm wondering if there is an Amazon in India, whether people are relying more on it than before and whether the same phenomenon exists in India? Yeah, Amazon is one of the functioning in India and there are some there are some in India. But the problem is that more or less even if we talk about online buying, it is of course not manufacturing but it's focused on industry, it's a very simple thing. It takes the goods from manufacturing and the diversity to the consumer. If manufacturing is really not able to produce goods and it is probably Amazon will send that to consumers if this thing takes place relating. So Amazon as for now is doing great but if this thing continues, even the manufacturers will face problem and Amazon will always problem because whatever things we buy online is produced somewhere in some part of the country in some part of the world. So if coronavirus is there, it will affect the global supply chain of commodity and goods. As for now it looks good, but if manufacturers are affected, if suppliers are affected, Amazon will also fail. How about food, Gaurdaki? Food supplies are there. In India, at least it's not a major issue yet but food supplies are there. Government has stopped the exports of few particular medicines. Food supplies are there, stocks are there. Government is prepared for everything. And as for global thing, I see that it should not grow. Coronavirus will affect if things go out of control but for now things are okay. Well, that's good to hear. I hope that's what happens in the US but it's not clear. The other, the last thing I wanted to ask you about is this, it was reported yesterday that the Trump administration approached a firm a biomedical firm in Germany called CURVAC, C-U-R-E-V-A-C, which ostensibly has candidates for trials for vaccines right now at the very early part of the pandemic. And the Trump administration allegedly tried to buy exclusive rights to the intellectual property of this CURVAC firm, which that was made public and a lot of people in the German government were very unhappy with it. And the deal, I don't think the deal is gonna happen. I don't think the United States should have or could have or would have been able to buy exclusive rights to a vaccine when the vaccine is so important around the world to every single country you can think about. In any event, I know that India has a lot of smart people who are skilled in biomedicine, a lot of smart people who could work on do research and development of a vaccine or some sort of viral medicine to deal with them, you know, the onset of the virus and also to vaccinate people and accolade them against the virus going forward. This is most important thing in the world right now for sure. And we know that there's been research in Europe. We know there's been research in China for sure. I'm not sure the level of research here in the United States, I think people are more focused here on medical treatment than development of vaccines. But I'm wondering about India. India has the capability to participate in this global collaboration to try to develop medicines and vaccines for a coronavirus. What have you heard about that? Yeah, the people in India are trying to develop a vaccine. It's on early stages and it's possible that we will develop a vaccine or it's possible that we may develop a vaccine in a year or so. It's on the very early stages, government is trying to research on this coronavirus firstly, then only we will move to the part of vaccination. And as for you said that intellectual property rights on such vaccines, it's not possible that one nation should hold with so much power on a particular vaccine which is a life-saving drug for so many people. I think that vaccine should lie with WHO and all the handling of that particular vaccine of cure-vac you were talking about should be on the side of the WHO that does the global needs rather than focusing on the benefit of a particular nation. Yeah, oh God bless, I hope that happens. But that does take me to one more thing I wanna ask you about. I know you follow American politics. You follow Trump and how people in India feel about him. And I wonder how closely you follow the American candidates and debates now between Bernie Sanders and Joe Biden. And I wonder how you feel and the people in your community feel about the presidential election who is leading and who should win and why? I think one thing which I noticed when Trump was in India and there was a channel of White House on YouTube and there is a channel of many Fox News and other channels on US media was working on that. So one thing which I noticed in the comment section was that most of the people were Republicans and who were commenting in the favor of Trump. They were saying that Democrats will not show this side of President Trump in United States. So this is one thing which I observed as on online media that Trump is having support in United States. It may not be visible but online it's not visible. Well, that's just all the more reason why I have to come and visit you in very Nazi. I have to talk to you about these things. I have to tell you about what my community thinks and who we are supporting and why. We'll see. We'll know a lot more in the next few months about how this is all unfolding. But I sure would like to have some time with you, Carnegie offline so I can tell you my thoughts about it. Thank you very much, Carnegie. I'm so glad we got back together again. Let's do it again soon. Things are moving faster these days and thus it's more important that you and I talk more often. Aloha and namaste.