Hello there everybody My name is Phil Lamar and I want to welcome you to NASA's ask the astronomers live Where we have live astronomers not robots or holograms Here to answer your questions about the universe Now you can put your questions for our scientists in the comment section of the stream of whichever platform you're watching it on and If you want to find out about any upcoming shows like ours or other shows Or just see lots of fun astronomy videos go to the universe unplugged website right there universe unplugged org and When you ask a question, please try to include your social media handle that way We know it's not just coming out of the ether All right today. We are talking to two brilliant astronomers who have been studying brown dwarfs Let's say hello to dr. Davy Kirkpatrick and dr. Jackie Faeherty Davy You are from NASA's IPAC center over at Cal Tech in Los Angeles, correct? That's correct Why don't you tell us well? tell the audience a Little bit about yourself and and what you're working on these days Well, I've been working my entire career on low mass stars and brown dwarfs is research And I've been finding those very interesting for quite a quite a long time and as part of my other day job I actually work on quality assurance for images and data coming out of some of NASA's infrared missions excellent and Jackie Thank you for being here. Hi. Yes. I do you work at the American Museum of Natural History Right. I do correct and you and you know Davy I do know Davy Davy is actually my academic grandfather, which I'm not sure he loved me saying grandfather, but Davy was the advisor of my advisor in grad school and so we're Academically related to each other not actually genetically in any way she's performed It's only that, you know, we're related academically I Academic Grand Yes, what would be the Grand of Godfather? No, I don't know I don't know that we have that. I mean people do talk about cousins and and Like distant relatives people will trace their academic heritage all the way back as far as they can get in You know famous PhDs, you know, you can go back 200 years and see how well you're related to like Eddington That's six six degrees of Isaac Newton Wow, all right our topic today is brown dwarfs which Don't know for anybody who gets confused and thinks that they've suddenly like gone off onto some D&D twitch stream. No, we're still talking astronomy Davy, could you please tell the audience and me? What brown dwarfs are? Yeah, so if we could have video number two, please So brown dwarfs are objects that form like stardew stars do so if you look at a cloud of collapsing gas for example and this is a Prediction shown here and we've got the time in the upper right-hand corner just ticking off about a thousand years per second You see that as this cloud of gas collapses under its own gravity You get these concentrations shown by the yellow dots and if these concentrations get hot enough in this interiors They will start to form huge Hydrogen into heavier elements and those are things like stars stars like the Sun that will burn for billions of years under their own light or under their own energy, so they Actually are seen at the same temperature and at the same luminosity for billions of years but there are some objects and there are some other objects in this a Prediction here that are also little yellow dots But they don't quite get enough mass and they don't get hot enough in their interior To actually start fusing hydrogen into heavier elements So they don't have that internal energy source that will keep them burning for billions of years And those are the brown dwarfs and we think brown dwarfs form roughly Around 72 Jupiter masses or lower and everything above that In mass above 72 Jupiter masses is a star and I will point out that for the savvy listeners out there There's another set of definitions that is used sometimes for for brown dwarfs and that is a mass-based definition where they say Brown dwarfs are things between 72 Jupiter masses and 13 Jupiter masses and anything below 13 Jupiter masses It's called an exoplanet, but Jackie decided for this particular show. We would use the older definition Which is the one based on formation Interesting so okay, so brown dwarfs are these gigantic Not quite stars Mm-hmm correct, so it's like if you're a big developer and you I built this amazing building And I want all of these people to move into it and no one ever does Like the shopping shopping center that's empty down the block I want to say I'm gonna say the definition that I very much dislike or the Very much dislike because I feel like it it should actually be said and then refuted and that is that brown dwarfs are failed stars And and there's even there's conference proceedings There's books that were written when people were trying to like figure out these objects and the titles are Failed stars and their properties, but I really dislike the word failure in anything So even though in some and that also implies that they had some preference to be This idea that these objects that are that they should be stars You know what I'm saying like there's nothing about them that says they should be anything They're very good at what they are and what they are are objects that are existing in space Like if one of the Jonas brothers wants to be a doctor he is not a failed Jonas brother You shouldn't assume that everything should be a star So sometimes I will call them overexcited planets because people love the word planet more But really I don't know that I even agree with that right because because that just means that the planet is the thing to be I don't think I think they should be good with what they are They are brown dwarfs that is what they are and we love them for what they are and and you guys work on Analyzing brown dwarfs are discovering them. I mean are they hard to to find Yeah, so I can answer this one is Davey and I actually I mean Davey should say something to this too because Davey was around for all of the early-day searches and so what happened was in You know, we kind of were figuring out stars through the early 1900s And then we get to the point where we're trying to figure out What's the lowest mass thing that fragments off and it's still fate basically forms like a star so what's that lowest mass thing and What we came upon was this idea that I bet you can get to the point where you break off and like Davey says you can get To 75 Jupiter masses and at that or 72 Jupiter masses You get to the point where the object starts to look a little different, but the thing is it's really cold So it's giving off the majority of its light in comparison to stars It's giving off the majority of its light at a wavelength that our eyes can't detect It's ever at least our eyes are not sensitive to at all So they give off the majority of their light in the infrared so you kind of had to wait until infrared technology Was really ramped up in order to start finding these and that's basically where Davey comes in as one of the first true brown dwarf hunters or brown dwarf discoverers in in large bulk Was the infrared technology just burgeoning when you began doing this work, Davey? Yes, really in fact the the earliest infrared detectors that we had back when I was in grad school We're one pixel by one pixel. So essentially one pixel array And it was really hard to get very much of the sky map when you have one pixel You can imagine having a digital camera these days with a single pixel We take a portrait of somebody so we had to wait for the technology to actually give us large enough arrays to actually tile the sky and Where does the name round dwarf come from does it come from the fact that they are so cold that they're not giving off red heat Well, it was really back in the day when they were trying to figure out what to call these objects People were saying well, they they cool down steadily with time. So they're kind of you know kind of red They're you know mostly infrared type objects, but they'll eventually go black But the problem was that red dwarfs was already a term that was used for mDwarf stars and Black dwarfs are the end products of white dwarf evolution when they go completely cold. They will be black dwarfs. So Jill Tartar who's a scientist at the City Institute came up with the idea of let's call them a color That's not really a color and just call them brown because we really don't know what they're supposed to look like Right. What's just stuck is the term Interesting interest. So, okay, so brown dwarf was in relation to all the other color designations that already existed at the time Right. Wow. This is fascinating that this is a relatively new arm of astronomy And you're saying and you're saying that now you have infrared technology. You're not looking at one pixel at a time you have wide arrays of The galaxy to look for brown dwarfs That's correct. Yes. And in fact, we have some of these capabilities now Spacecraft so up above the Earth's atmosphere We can get to the wavelengths that we can't reach from the ground because of our atmosphere absorbing that light and in fact The as Jackie was saying out in the infrared where most of these objects have their peak flux That happens to be an area that we can't really observe very well from the ground because of the Earth's atmosphere So not only do we have to develop these infrared arrays in a large format? We had to get them up out of the atmosphere as well So that's where spacecraft like the wise mission the wide infrared field survey came into power You know one one thing I want to note on this too because sometimes I get asked this question where people get excited They're like, ooh brown dwarfs. Can I go outside and see one and I have to say No Not even the closest brown dwarfs not even the ones that are basically Spitting distance away from you. You can't actually see them with your eye because They're too faint. They're they it's like they're literally invisible to you. So unless you have infrared eyes You're not going to be able to see these kinds of objects. You need you need telescopes You need nice detectors in the infrared and then we can start seeing them So we can tell you that they're all over the sky But we don't have any I can't tell you where to look because you can't see them with your eyes, okay, so so I would imagine Working with things that are invisible that of course makes them difficult to find Are there other difficulties in terms of the work you guys are doing in terms of identifying finding in the sky? Yeah, I'll mention that part of why I think we're we're excited to talk to you today, too Is because Davey and I are a part of this project. It's called backyard worlds Colon Planet 9 and this is a citizen science project Which means it's open for anyone and everyone that wants to get their toe in the in the pool of Scientific research to come on and help us locate brown dwarfs now because like I said You can't see them with your eyes. We need to look through images from telescopes And and then there's like other tricky things about this So astronomers have been working on the issue or the the search for brown dwarfs for many years now But they're one of the ways that we can find them is if we look through images That are taken with enough time between them That will actually see the brown dwarfs move and the reason for that is that Objects that are closer to you objects that are closer to the earth to the Sun to our solar system We'll actually be able to detect their motion through the galaxy if we wait a couple of years Sometimes you don't have to wait a couple of years and so you can blink between images It's actually the way that Pluto was discovered in our solar system It didn't need to wait years for Images between Pluto you could wait days in between and see an object jump around in our solar system But we look through images loads and loads of images infrared images and we ask citizens to help us Detect objects that are bright in the infrared and that jump and so actually we have a video for this if you pull up Yep, video one. This is actually this is actually something amazing I'll say this software that generated this or the the viewer that generated this was actually developed by someone named Dan Castleton who's a citizen scientist that works with us and what it's doing is it's taking several images Over I think like a seven or eight year period here And what you're seeing is most of the black dots in this Don't move it all those are stars that are so far away that we cannot detect their motion in the galaxy But if you notice at the center of this blinking image here There's a black star that moves back and forth and that orange dot that also jumps with it And this is a little family that we discovered that actually some citizen scientists discovered of that black object Which is barely a star. It's almost a brown dwarf actually and that orange blip That's jumping back and forth. That is a low temperature Cold low mass brown dwarf that is very close by to the solar system And it was discovered by citizen scientists. We followed it up and we actually wrote a paper about this So we've been using the eyeballs of citizen scientists to help us look through Thousands and thousands actually at this point probably almost millions of images of the sky To find more of these objects That's amazing. So Davey other than what Jackie just showed us. What else has the crowd helped you find? Well lots of interesting brown dwarf candidates that we've been following up at various telescopes across the world as well as other things too like white dwarf stars, which are the remnants of Actual stars that have gone poof in the night and they've expanded all their thermonuclear fusion in the core and have Turned into stellar remnants But they find found lots of other interesting things too like brown dwarfs that don't fit their idea of what brown dwarfs should really look Like as well. So we found some things that are not Exactly what we expected based on the theory that these objects should look like and again She just mentioned Dan Castle then who built the wise view viewer But he found something that we've been terming the accident and the accident is an object that moves across this guy Just like in that's that Jackie was showing that movie It's clearly got proper motion compared to the background stars and proper motion just means that if you've got a very close object You can see it moving relative to the background stars that are relatively Still in space because they are so far away and he found this by accident He was looking at something else and noticed in the corner of the image. There was this other object moving He's like, oh, wait a minute. That's moving. It's gonna be pretty close, right? But it didn't have this orange color like the object that Jackie showed So not only are the citizens like just finding things like brown dwarfs and white dwarfs and other objects We already know about but they're finding some things that are not like anything we expected Interesting so that might change what Jackie's scientific grand grandkids study It's very true very well be changing the face of brown dwarf science, but they would also be Davies great great great grandkids That's funny well now Jackie in the video you were showing us the This the brown dwarf that was closer to us in relation to the what is this new information that we're getting Tell us about our neighborhood of the galaxy Yeah, so Davy is gonna talk about this too, but I want to use a video So if we could turn video three on This is actually a video that I rendered using some software called open space, which is a visualization tool that we're developing in part at the American Museum of Natural History And that's the earth we're pulling away I've turned on all of the constellations for you all 88 of them So you can see the zodiac constellation of leo which is actually red because it's zodiac constellation and all of those red Objects are Brown dwarfs now we're pulling away. We were close to the solar system And now we've pulled away all of the lines have now kind of separated off because those are the lines connecting constellations We're out here now with this grid which takes us out to like 100 light years or so away from the earth and that Map that you're seeing all those red Objects there and this grid this hundred light year grid is for scale for you with stars that are There's the stars are also in here. See season is white those objects are in The are all have all been mapped and are telling us something about the locations Of the lowest mass objects of star formation What we call the basement of star formation And what we've been doing is trying to take all this information of objects that may have been missed by astronomers surveys that were garnered from participation from citizen scientists And counting them all up and seeing just this view as we come in on the earth with this like Realistic view of what the earth might have looked like on whatever day I rendered this video That would be your night time sky view if you could have brown dwarfs in it because you could see them That would be in part your view Interesting interesting Now davie, I noticed when you were talking about the definition of brown dwarfs you were talking about jupiter mass How do brown dwarfs compare to the large planets in our solar system like jupiter? Well, I think this is going to surprise you Phil If we could see image number three So we talked about brown dwarfs having masses anywhere from 72 jupiter masses down to a jupiter mass or even lower But funny fork of physics. Um, and these are all to the same scale here. This is an artist rendition by robert hurt from ipak On the far left. We have an image of the sun to scale And the four objects that are shown to the right of it are an m dwarf star A couple of brown dwarfs that are various Temperatures one little bit warmer than the other that one's redder and then we've got the purple brown dwarf next to it And then the planet jupiter. Well, these are all to the same scale. It turns out that low mass stars Brown dwarfs and the planet jupiter all have essentially the same size But the weird thing is that these masses are vastly different The low mass star the one next to the sun there could have a mass as high as say 100 or 90 jupiter masses something like that The red brown dwarf next to it might be 70 jupiter masses the one next to it the purple one could be 30 jupiter masses And of course jupiter itself is only one jupiter mass So it's kind of one of the reasons these things are so hard to find is that You know, not only are they're faint, but they're faint primarily because they're tiny Interesting, okay, so Yes, okay when because initially when you said 72 jupiter masses I guess I just sort of overlooked the word mass and was thinking volume But no, it's it's it's so the volume can vary But the or the volume can be relatively the same But the mass varies widely widely that's that's amazing. All right. Um Oh wait, we're sort of the halfway mark So, let me just say for anybody who missed the beginning of the show or if you're just joining us in the last, you know Minute or so We are chatting with jackie faraday and davie karpak trick About the latest results about brown dwarfs in our nape in the neighborhood of our sun Now let's let's see if we have any audience questions Yes, here we go this is For both of you to answer Because we we want to know your origin stories What is it that got you interested in studying brown dwarfs? And I guess we'll go chronologically davie you go first Start with grandpa. Yeah Well, when I was in in grad school and even when I was an undergraduate, um I started hearing stories about the The nemesis hypothesis and the nemesis hypothesis was um Trying to explain the fact that it that appeared that these mass extinctions on the earth Happened cyclically meaning that every 26 million years. There was another mass extinction event where plants and animals just died off in giant numbers And there was this issue of I believe it was science magazine where they had a bunch of people come in and say Write papers about what could possibly explain this and the one that really caught my eye was the one where they said Well, maybe the sun has a stellar companion in this very long elliptical orbit That only takes it Into the inner solar or into the solar system environs about every 26 million years Upsets the oar cloud and the oar cloud is a Area of the solar system way in the outskirts where all these ancient comets live And if this star is Plumbling pummeling through that area of space it can send comets into the inner solar system And those comets can pummel the earth and you know do all kinds of habit to plants and animals on the surface, of course Wow Well, the thing that really struck me about that was The sun could have a companion a star.  They're like, yeah could be I'm like Wow Here it is 1980 something and we don't know if the star is a double star I mean our sun is a double star or not. That was just that struck me as it's just incredible So, uh, I got interested in what other discovery space there might be out there And that's when I started learning about these theoretical entities called brown dwarfs Which were thought to be an in product of a star formation that could be very faint and very cold And so that's what I want to study. I kind of like that idea. Let's go after the brown dwarfs and see if they actually exist Wow Okay, that makes sense and and i'm pretty sure somewhere riddly scott is working on a movie called nemesis hypothesis I don't know how that movie hasn't been made Right, it should have been made by now totally It better be scientifically accurate when they do make it I think Well, if they wait 20 years, maybe the science will change but But in the meantime, let's go back in time and find out jack. What got you interested in studying brown dwarfs Yeah, well actually grandpa pick Kirk factory here is one of the reasons why I Chose brown dwarfs and that is one of the little known the lesser known things about science is that And you can choose anything in the universe to study. There's mysteries about everything. There's mysteries about earth That we live on that we can walk around and study and you know pick up rocks and and learn about them and but So everything is open to you when you start graduate school It's and I'm sure you can get excited about everything because everything's got some good stuff about it But there's also this other aspect which is the people And whichever subfield you choose of science You're probably going to be within that subfield or closely related to it Whatever it is that you've chosen as your object or area of study for years of your career And when I showed up in brown dwarf science or when I showed up in graduate school Brown dwarfs were very young still in the sense that they'd only sort of just been Um We only just started studying them observationally. So there was a lot that one could do And the people that were there Like davie were awesome They were really nice And it didn't feel like super cut throat and competitive. It felt welcoming And I loved the idea of entering a new field a new field meaning these objects were kind of new to our Our cluster of objects that we were studying And the people that I want to spend my time with like you can ask davie We spend a lot of time together in meetings right now Um, so I think I picked the right choice That there are the people I do enjoy being around so From that sense, this was the choice made so that my days were Very nice from all the objects we were studying but also the people I get to spend them with are pleasant There you go Yes, your scientific community. Yeah, actually I'd I'd be very curious to know if there is Of personality distinction between people who choose relatively new arms Of science versus, you know, the old I I'm just imagining Isaac newton teaching some kids, you know, like all right, we got this new thing called gravity Yeah, I want to study that Wait, you know, I want to answer that because I think it actually has some relevancy of Gender equity in science. So what I've seen which is interesting is wherever there's something new When it's like no one's quite doing it yet um Women have more of the opportunity to kind of pop in and become the leaders So you see this in exoplanet science right now that exoplanet sciences is while it was going on for a little bit Of time where people are really searching once it started to explode With like the kepler spacecraft and all of the discoveries there There's a lot of women that were involved on the ground and have built careers on this and in brown dwarf science We have a great collection of of fantastic scientific Of women stem scientists in brown dwarf science and it was new and there was opportunity You know, like I feel I I feel also really good that the people that were there didn't get selfish and saying like It's mine. It's mine. It's mine. It's very welcoming And it was an open and so when you have new Bits new a new subfield opens. It's also an opportunity to not have the old guard there That is there that's protecting it all and deciding that you you're not going to let everybody in that could be let in Right and and you're not fighting against this the idea of oh You don't look like a brown dwarf scientist because there's not some old etchings of you know Someone from ancient Greece with a giant beard and robe, right? Right, you don't have that standard vision So I might be what you think of when you think of a brown dwarf scientist now In fact, you are Oh good, and I'm wondering I'm wondering why I'm wondering why Davey's hair is so short I've been cutting it myself during the pandemic and I have no idea what I'm I Scientific precision all over there All right, let's see if we have do we have any another audience question? Yes. We have one from tom bickle Oh, this is interesting. Could there be Closish brown dwarfs that are too faint for wise to detect Do you want to take that one, David? Yeah, sure. So the coldest brown dwarf we currently know is know is something called wise 0855 And that one is only 250 degrees Kelvin Which means that if you translate that into Fahrenheit, it's about minus 10 That's a cold It is only 2.3 parsecs away, which is like something like six light years And there must be lots more of those I mean, why would the only very super super cold brown dwarf be, you know, just right in our backyard But you could imagine something that's 200 Kelvin or 150 Kelvin even colder than this thing It could be sitting As close as Barnard star or as close as Proxima Centauri. We wouldn't be able to see that all even with wise So yes, this is absolutely possible That's it's I mean, it's so fascinating the fact that You know, because a lot of us think are are still in the ancient idea of studying the stars means walking outside and looking up with your eyes But you guys are detecting and taking in information on so many other levels now But apparently there are still limitations even to where we are now Well, I I want to say something on that too is that Um, you walk outside and you think you're looking at all the stars But did you know that when you walk outside and you look up And you say, okay, I'm going to look at the closest star to us. I want to see the closest star You can't see it. It's too faint The closest star is Proxima Centauri and it's right at the limit of the human eye So you're not even seeing the closest star This is what should astound you about your view Of the universe while it's gorgeous and I I absolutely implore everyone to go outside Look at the nighttime sky get odd of the wonder and all the da-da-da-da-da But then think about the mystery of what you're not seeing And so that's that's like what Davey and I are into too because There's so many of these little balls of gas that are out there these brown dwarves That have fascinating weather phenomena that may very well be closer than the closest star That you can't see because they're just so faint And I'm certainly driven by that mystery by the mystery of our own solar neighborhood Like what else is there? I'd love to know I love that Oh, here's another question that I have for you guys How can viewers join in on the brown dwarf hunt? Yes, you can join right now. You can join by going to backyardworlds.org That is our That is the project It's a zooniverse project Meaning zooniverse is this great portal which pulls together projects That bring citizens from anywhere and everywhere to participate like I was saying dip your toe in the scientific research world There's loads of projects to choose from on zooniverse But we are the one that I would tell you to choose And come join us on our search for brown dwarves Backyardworlds.org check us out. It's a great project and once a week we have research We have calls and the citizen scientists join in I would say it's really fun, right Davey That's right We have one on a Thursday mornings our time and also one on a Saturday mornings for people who can't make during And you sit down you talk to your other colleagues on You know your armchair astronomers as well as some of the professional astronomers who join in as well So it's I know people get a lot a lot out of the fact that they hear the banter back and forth between the scientists because they don't see science Working in other aspects because you just see press releases and things but they get to see how the sauce is made Right, right Oh, that sounds amazing. So yes Anybody out there who's got some time Thursday and Saturday mornings you can help Find out information about our universe at backyardworlds.org You know what if we could show an image number five I just want to highlight. This is something that the citizen scientists also do this is an artist's rendering Um, one of our citizen scientists his name is billy pendrell He I want to say he drew painted on top of some other drawings This rendering of that first video that we showed of those two objects bouncing back and forth This is the discovery of a hotter object, which is the yellower object in the more distant Not in the foreground and this purplish object, which is the colder object the brown wharf And billy drew it and I love seeing this also, you know, bring your talents your talents outside of research to us Artistic talent is underappreciated in the sciences Um, we would we would love to bring you into the research fold as well Just like billy who now draws a lot of things for us. He's come up with a lot of really cool renderings Excellent. I love that That's you've got a volunteer fire department. We've got a volunteer astronomers. I love it. All right before we finish up, um And ask you guys for the final I just have to say that Jackie when you were talking about the mystery Of the universe and how brown dwarfs are an example of that it really Triggered something for me. It was so amazing because so many times you hear people talk about You know astronomy and looking up into the sky makes me feel insignificant But the idea that no looking up into the sky and thinking about what you're not seeing Makes me want to go get a master's degree Find more stuff Yeah Like let the carrot be when you go outside and you see a really gorgeous nighttime sky and then flip it and think Well, this is awesome. I mean What am I missing from here and what you're missing is a lot Wow, like so much stuff out there Exactly. Well, I guess maybe we've but do you guys have any other final thoughts before we wrap up? That you would like to share with our audience The there's one other thing that I wanted to show which i'm super proud of And that is um, if you bring up image number six So what this is is um, I worked with an artist whose name is amanda Thing body ha kia has a really hard last name But that's her sitting um at the the base of this mural. This is a mural that exists on a Building wall in brooklyn and it is an homage to brown dwarfs So the colors that you see the reds and the blues are supposed to reflect the two different kinds of brown dwarfs The redder ones are these l types that have very cloudy They have pretty thick clouds and the blue colors are the lower temperature What we call the t types that are very methane gas dominated and as I like to describe them Brown dwarfs are windows on the universe and so you can see the windows opening And it was also an homage to women in science Um, which i'm very proud of how it looks. I think she did an amazing job of depicting Emails as brown dwarfs, uh, and it's called a cluster of enigmas And I would just encourage anyone that wants to see it that might be in brooklyn or maybe when we all get a chance to travel again You might you know, take a little side trip These are always fun little things that you can figure out that are in a city But this this mural that is on is at a medical center in fort green brooklyn Uh, you can go look at this and take it in and and think about the brown dwarfs Think about what brown dwarfs are of what they might mean to you They're certainly to me a gateway into science.  Well, we could actually show image one and we'll give you a little indication of what our thursdays look like when we have our our group of citizen scientists get together so These are really fun discussions The scientists learn a lot from us. We actually learn a lot from the scientists. I look forward to these every week And uh, really if people want to get involved, please get in touch with us via backyard worlds and uh We'll put you in touch with a greater team There's a lot of people out there who want to be looking through the sky Looking for new objects and making discoveries of their own So Please join the team Excellent Thank you. Thank you. Dr. Jackie ferdy. Thank you. Dr. Davey Kirkpatrick for sharing your expertise with us and introducing us to the intricacies and mystery of brown dwarfs And thank you to you guys for joining us and learning um about our son's neighborhood Now you can see this video as well as all of our other universe unplugged videos at universe unplugged.org Um, you just click on the link in the comments. You can subscribe on youtube And uh, then you will be the first to know when our next video comes out We try to do them once a month, but you never know and also follow us on facebook to catch the live show And until that next live show whenever it is i'm phil lemar and this has been ask the astronomers live Thank you guys very much


When the relationship ends The narcissist does this When the relationship ends The narcissist becomes unduly concerned with trivial matters Things that are of little value and importance They become small-minded and spiteful They show rigid opinions at a narrow outlook They become very mean They hold grudges They become very bitter and resentful towards you Because they believe that they have been treated unfairly Because they did everything they could to not fail Not experience a lack of success So when the relationship comes to an end, they get very angry Because despite everything you did for them, they were very ungrateful Which is why they become so bitter and resentful at the end of the relationship Not like a normal person After you have been dealing with the narcissist And they have exploited you You may also experience resentment And you may feel upset about everything you have lost But with the narcissist It eats away at them It has a dramatic effect on them Because when they targeted you They targeted you based on your good qualities There must have been something good about you Otherwise the narcissist wouldn't have wanted anything to do with you So they targeted you They got what they wanted out of you But then when they lose you, they don't know how to deal with that They don't know how to deal with failure The purpose of them controlling their environment Is so that they don't have to deal with failure Because they cannot deal with the emotions that come along with that So when they do fail When they do lose you They hold on to you They become bitter They get angry They become very resentful But then they will act like they've moved on And they're happy without you When it's really just another part of the illusion It's the love-bombing phase all over again Only now You're seeing it from the outside Because this time they're using it to hurt you But beneath the facade The reality is that no narcissist is ever happy The reason they act that way Is because they're constantly in pain It's because they're unhappy and unfulfilled That's what fuels their disorder They're envious and jealous of you Because they're dissatisfied with their lives So they're never happy Because they always feel like they lack something When the relationship ends they will try to replace you But it's not so easy for them to find someone who is as good as you are Which is why they become so bitter when they lose you Because they know they're not going to find someone as good as you And it just eats away at them They become self-destructive And it may even affect the people around them They become bitter to other people Anyone who gets in their way Becomes a victim of circumstance Because there is something going on inside of them They're not happy when you throw away your garbage You don't care about where it's going You don't care about what happens to it But if you throw away something of value It's going to affect you You're going to be chasing after that item You're going to want it back But if you can't get it back it will hurt you It will have an effect on you Because even if you try to replace it It's not going to be the same It's not going to have that sentiment of value So when they do lose you They're going to feel regret They're going to experience disappointment Because they get hurt easily It doesn't take much to affect them And they're always putting themselves in situations where they're destined to fail Which inevitably causes them to build up failure after failure But they never take accountability for where they find themselves They blame everyone else They attack everyone Because they're very unfulfilled people And they don't know how to correct the situation They don't make the necessary changes So they repeat the same mistakes again and again While expecting to get a different result Because they're very delusional They lie to themselves so that they can escape reality They put themselves in a fictitious state of being So that they can mask and mediate the real issue of what is wrong with them So they might say that they're doing great They might say that they're happy But really They're miserable Narcissists are never happy They never feel at peace with themselves There's always something going on in their minds There's always something preventing them from being at rest Which is why they always want to keep you on edge They always want to keep you off balance Because whenever they see you in a state of peace and harmony They get very envious and jealous Because they can't experience that They're very bitter and resentful people Which is why they contaminate and corrupt anything that they're coming to contact with Which is why you feel like you can't escape their negative energy Because they need access to you all the time They need a positive person there To filter out all of the garbage Without a positive person there to do that They would break down Because to get rid of all of their toxicity They need to have a victim They can't deal with it on their own They don't want to deal with it They don't want to go back and clean up all of the mess they've made over the last 20 or 30 years Because they've got a mountain of garbage They don't want to deal with having to clean it up They would rather just lay in their own filth And then bring other people into it I'd expect them to put up with it Because once you have been around them long enough Eventually you will become toxic They're never going to change They like their disorder They like the way it operates If they didn't have it They wouldn't know where to start They wouldn't know how to live If they wouldn't know what to do They would probably go insane Once you've identified that you are dealing with a narcissist You need to move away from them You need to move to a healthier place Because if you're constantly engaging with someone Who is bitter, resentful and petty Eventually it will have an effect on you You will begin to operate primarily from that same type of energy You will experience anxiety and depression You will experience dissatisfaction with life Just as they do Because as long as you're around them All they're going to do is blame you for their difficulties and failures Because they are trapped in a prison of their own making And accountability is the only thing that will set them free But they choose to run from the difficulties and problems that they've created Which is why they cannot change the situation Because they are completely delusional You cannot reach them Because every time you try to bring logic to the situation They're twisting it in their minds They're interpreting it in a different way Because they're in a state of illusion And illusions will always beat strength and determination Fantasies can be very powerful Once you start to believe in them But when the relationship ends And they're brought back to reality Their bitterness and resentment Just ends up destroying them But they don't understand why Instead they would rather point the finger at everyone else Which is the very thing which ends up destroying them in the end Thank you for watching I hope this video resonate with you Please like, comment, share and subscribe If you would like to donate My PayPal link is in the video description Coaching inquiries You can email me a coach at the market of iVertica UK Thank you for watching And I'll talk to you soon


సేగాంర్థతికరాస underlyingఎలి. మ� done థ原�掌 kind welcome రఘణరాతళర నిన్తినేచి ఫ఼దంమాటినికల౰ముయిBI Eli But that was not the most amazing thing. Trust in God was pretty amazing, although the other is related behind wrong. Precisely, boys and girls, that is a true missionary spirit, fearless. He said to Goliath, You come to me with a spear, you come to me with a sword, but I come to you with the name of the Lord of Hosts, the name of the Lord of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. That you are not good enough to serve God, to lead that prayer group, to tell our friend about Jesus, Do not believe it. You know what? I have a bravery booster for you. Real heroes do not have superpowers. They are just willing to let he who has superpowers work through them. Read for us our memory verse. It is 1 Corinthians chapter 1 verse 26 to 27. Then I will ask a question. There we go. Brothers and sisters, think of what you are when you are called. Not many of you were wise by human standards. But many, sorry, not many were influential, not many were noble. But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise. God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong. I end there, end now. The question is, what do we learn from this story? This is Grace Yakumu, and I will go. To do for God and not be afraid. The Bible tells me in 2 Timothy chapter 1 verse, 7 that God has not given me a spirit of fear, but of power. Tell me wherever I go. He will guide me. My name is Felix Jr., and I will go. I love being on God's team. He always wins. Don't look at me. I go for Jesus. Have you heard of Jesus? Having not just talked about David, he was just a shepherd when God called him to be king. And he was also a little boy with a little sling and a harp. That's all he had. Do you know what? Little people can take care of big problems too. The same way, God helped David to beat Goliath. He can help you achieve great things for his kingdom. And some will. My God is... We say it one more time. My God is bigger. He's science invisible. It is time for a moment of science with Professor Shilton. This is our science lab, and I am Professor Shilton. These two are my lovely assistants, Karani and Deborah. We are Christian scientists, and Deborah is going to pray for us. Let's pray. Amen. We are very excited that we are just about to start camp meeting 2021, and what is our theme? I will go. So, today's lesson, we are going to learn about a very interesting science lesson that's going to teach us how to go forward and share Jesus. So, most of us here are little people, and we have learnt that God can use little people to do His great work, like David and Samuel. So, Karani, can you tell us what our bravery booster is? Yes, God will fill us up with His Holy Spirit so we can go out and live our faith. So, today we are going to do a science experiment that's going to help us remember this. But before we start, a disclaimer. Children, please don't do this alone. Make sure you have an adult or your parent with you so that they can help you do this experiment. Deborah, what do you need for an experiment? An empty bottle, that's right. So, first thing we do is, we'll take our empty bottle and we'll fill it with vinegar. Everyone, continue, continue. Next, we are going to take our balloons and fill them with baking soda. Now take a balloon. Make sure you have someone to help you to hold the balloon open so that you can spoon in three teaspoons of baking powder. So, for us, I'll have my assistant here help me hold. I'll hold it open, then my assistant will help me spoon in. Yes, that's that. Then, next step, we'll take our balloons and cover the opening of the bottle with them, like this. We need help, let me help you. I put it in the house. Next, we are going to, when you are ready, you are going to tip over your balloon. Careful, careful. And then you watch what happens to the balloon. Can you see what's happening? A chemical reaction is happening. Can you see what's happening? Oh, this one is torn. So, as you can see, a chemical reaction happened that made the balloon fill up with air. This is cool, right? So, just like the empty bottle, this represents our lives. This is us, an empty bottle, and we need to be filled with the word of God. Dibora, how do you do this? By reading our Bibles, coming to church and hearing the word of God. Yes, but the word of God is not, that's, only that is not enough. There's one more thing we need to do.  The Holy Spirit will act as a catalyst to help us have impact when we go to share Jesus. We have used a very big word, catalyst. Karani, can you explain what a catalyst is? It causes a chemical reaction or a big change to happen. Yes, so when the Holy Spirit comes into our lives and fills us up, it will help, it will bring a big change into our lives, and it will help us as we go out to share Jesus, it will help us have a big impact, and it will make, it will bring a big difference in the kingdom of God, it will swell up just like the balloon, it will blow, it will continue to grow and grow and grow. And one more thing, we need not to forget, it's like the vinegar, we alone can do nothing. But we can do all things through Christ who gives us strength. And there's a song for this. I can do all things, all things, all things. I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Philippians 4.13. I can do all things, all things, all things. I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me. Philippians 4.13. Yes, that's Philippians 4.13.  That's all we had for today for Science Station. Remember one thing, that science is all about searching for the truth and true science will always lead to Jesus who is the way, the truth and the life. And remember, whenever we are learning about science, we are learning more about our Creator God. Karahani. Today for my auntie, are we going to do anything in the fun? God makes it grow. In the beginning, Jesus said to the disciples to share God's word. They are not important people. They are special men. They are poor people. They went around the world sharing God's word. God's word. They asked what? Who knew of God? Who knew of God? All these people who knew of God, because this work started when it was made. What does that mean? Now children, what does that teach us? More people to do big work and in the same way people to experience. Wow, that's a beautiful story. I know a song about that.  They are watching and moving sideways. Their legs are so diving 70 times per second. They are just for lapping nectar out of flowers. They help us get more flowers. You see, remember, it is very tiny. God has given it a job to do. When it is not flying, it looks like it is fragile, impossibly small and awkward. but that stretches too close to the same length as its body size, it does not even look like it can fly, but oh boy, when it swings too fast, until you can't see it move, it zips and dives and hoovers and even flies backwards.  God does the very same thing with you. It doesn't matter if you feel too young or small to make a difference in your world. Just like little David, God has packed you with amazing power and still come for the Holy Spirit into you. Just like the hummingbird looks for blooming flowers, you too can look for people who need God's love and share Jesus with them.  Remember our bravery booster, God uses people of all shapes and sizes to do His great work. This is Wenja Jaswin telling you to go and out and make a difference. Today and this whole week, did you know this week this camp meeting? Oh yes, this camp meeting and all of you invited, be prophecy teachers as I say, teacher abura. Thank you so much divine and what are we going to study today? Now prophecy is not about Daniel and Revelation. Prophecy is about Jesus Christ. That is why when the book of Revelation starts, it says the revelation of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ also told his disciples in the book of John chapter 13 verse number 19. Jesus Christ told his disciples, see I am telling you things before they happen so that when they happen, you believe in me. So Jesus Christ was telling his disciples, I am telling you things in advance so that when they happen, your faith will be very strong. Revelation is a translation from an old Greek term which is called apocalypse. Apocalypse just means events that are going to take place at the end of time. The world is going to come to an end and Jesus Christ is going to come back. Now we are living at the end of time and we are told before Jesus Christ comes back, we must tell the whole world to worship Jesus Christ but the Bible also tells us other people will tell us to worship the image of the beast and that people who will not worship the image of the beast, the Bible tells us they will be killed. That will happen at the end of time. The Bible also tells us the people who will refuse to accept the mark of the beast, they cannot buy and sell. When that happens, the Bible says the people who worship God will always proclaim to all the world please don't receive the mark of the beast in the book of Revelation chapter 14 verse number 9. Please read Revelation chapter 14 verse number 9. It talks about the third angel. What does the third angel say? Revelation chapter 14 verse 9 and it says finally a third angel came and shouted here is what will happen if you worship the beast and the idol and have the mark of the beast on your hand or forehead. So here is what is going to happen then verse number 10 says what is going to happen? It says you will have to drink the wine that God gives to angels and the lamb look on. Now the Bible says the people who will not worship God at the end of time who will receive the mark of the beast, who will worship the image of the beast, the Bible gives us a warning, they will drink the wine of the anger of God or the wrath of God, they will be poured without mixture into the cup of his anger. Now they will be punished and that is why this week we are going to look at the seven last plagues.  Did we read Revelation chapter 13? These people have threatened the people of God. They told the people of God that they had power to give life to the image of the beast that the image of the beast will cause as many as will not worship the image of the beast to be killed and that he caused all small and great, rich and poor, free and born to receive a mark in the right hand or in their forehead and that they cannot buy and sell except the people who have the mark or the name of the beast or the number of his name. So that is what they have done to God's people. So God must avenge for his people. Do you remember what happened before the children of Israel left the land of Egypt? Before they left the land of Egypt, Pharaoh refused to let them go and worship their God. God sent ten plagues in Egypt until the children of Israel were able to believe that God reigns over all the earth then they released the children of Israel.  The beast that is talked about in Revelation 13, the first beast is the nation of America. The second beast is the nation of the Roman Catholic Church. At the end of time, they will force people to worship God on Sunday. If you want to go to church on Saturday, you cannot buy and sell except you worship like America and has forced the whole world to worship. That is why God becomes very angry because he wants to take his people from this world and that they may be able to go to paradise and live forever and ever. Now next time tomorrow we are going to learn about the angels that are going to pour the wrath of God on the earth.  Remember it is important to keep the commandments of God and have faith like the faith of Jesus. Jesus is coming again. Tomorrow we are going to look at what is going to happen just before he comes back again. Because we only had 10 minutes, we are going to stop at that. Tomorrow we must make sure we learn about what happens just before Jesus comes again. But dear children, let us remember that even when the plagues were poured on the land of Egypt, the children of Israel were not affected by the plagues of God's wrath. That is why when the last plagues are going to be poured on the earth, the children of God will not be affected. Now you can pray that we may finish this session today. Dear children, let us close our eyes to have a love and a father. We thank you for this day. We thank you for the gift of life. Lord, thank you for showing us what will happen before Jesus comes. Help us with the meeting we are having that it may go well. Help all the children outside there to be good. For it is in Jesus' name I pray. Amen. Thank you children. See you tomorrow. I know in the morning they introduced me and my name was very funny. Who remembers my name? Aha, people don't even remember my name. My name is Tuveli Sena Desh Desiomara. That is not important. What is important is my real name. My real name which I believe if we get to heaven, I want Jesus to give me that name is Pastor Popcorn. Pastor? Pastor Popcorn. Why? Because the Bible clearly tells us that when the dead in Christ shall rise, they will come out of their graves.  Now you know when mom is making popcorn for you in the house, in the sufuria or in the pot depending where you are, she put a little yellow seed inside in this oil and then after a while the scent changes and then you start hearing sounds. Those little sounds, if you open the sufuria just by mistake, what happens? Popcorn pops out of the sufuria so I believe without a doubt in my mind when the trumpet shall sound very soon the dead in Christ shall pop out of their graves and ask why here alive and well will also pop up into the sky to spend forever and ever and ever and ever with Jesus. So I want us to practice Popcorn right now. I will count to three.   We will just imagine for a second Jesus has come. Now the Bible says the trumpet shall sound and when the trumpet shall sound even the dead will hear and they will pop out of their graves. Children, are you ready? Children, are you ready? When I get to three, you are going to pop. I'm getting ready. All right, are you ready? One and a half and three quarters. Some did not pop, I saw you. There is an add doubt. You forgot to pop. So for your sake, we are going to pop out of our graves again or we are going to pop to the sky again. Are you ready? This time I want to count to three. Are you ready? I can see Nemi is ready. I can see Abigan is ready. But she is ready. I can see Joy is ready. Are we ready? One will pop out of our graves and will pop and spend eternity with Jesus Christ. How many are ready to go to heaven? Our theme is I will. Our theme is I will go. So before we have our little sermon I want us to pray and when it's time for prayer, you pray after me but it do exactly as I do. You say Jesus loves me and because I'm from Zimbabwe today we will learn the valley. Tomorrow we will learn another language. You say Ucesu, Uyangi, Tanda. Pray after me dear Jesus. Thank you for your word. Now as we learn, send your Holy Spirit to help us understand Amen. Ten your Bible boys and girls to learn about a very, very powerful man. He's one of my favorite, favorite people. His name is Elijah. His story is found in 1 Kings chapter 17. Now I find Elijah to be a very, very funny character. Why? Because Elijah did everything God told him to do. If you go to 1 Kings chapter 17 it says, verse one, it says in Elijah the tishbite of the inhabitants of Gilead say to Ahab as the Lord liveth of Israel there will be no rain these years except at my word. Let's go quickly to verse five. Verse five says so he went and did according to the word of the Lord. He went and did according to the word of who? According to the word of the Lord. Now boys and girls I want us to learn something. As our theme is I will go you cannot go without Jesus. Can you go alone? Do you think David killed Goliath alone? No. Who was with David? Jesus. Do you think Gideon went alone? No. Gideon went with Jesus. So as we go we want to go with Jesus. There is a song I like. My pianist has gone. There is a song. Yes, yes, yes. Anywhere with Jesus. She will play it for me quickly. Yes. So the story goes Elijah came and stood before King Ab. And when he stood before King Ab, he told him King Ab. It will not rain for the next three and a half years. And then it disappeared. Can you imagine? God told Elijah to go and tell King Ab. It's like you going to your president and telling him president because you are not obeying God. It will not rain for the next three and a half years. And for sure, guess what boys and girls, it did not rain. But what I like about this story, if you keep going in the same chapter to verse eight, it says, and then the word of God came to him and said, arise and go to Zeraphat. What I like about Elijah is that whatever God told him to do, he did. And you went where God told him to go. And our theme this week is I will go where God wants me to go. So Elijah went to Zeraphat. We know it's a very, very long story where the point of the story is Elijah listened to God. Now let's just move a bit ahead. Three and a half years passes. There is no rain. Can you imagine not having rain for three and a half years? That's a long time. If there was no rain in Kenya for three and a half years, do you know what happened? Kenya would become a desert. It would become dry. All the trees around us here would look like skeletons to just be a tree and branches. And the story goes on to say, let's go together to 1 Kings chapter 18 verse one. And it says, it came to pass after many days. The word of the Lord came to Elijah the third year saying, go present yourself to Ehab. I will send rain on earth. Elijah again was told by God, God said, go. And Elijah went. Now I have a question to ask you. How many like sports? How many like running? When they say on your marks, get set, go. Do you just stop then, do nothing? No, what do you do? You run, right? Because he said on your marks, get set, go. So whenever Elijah was told by God to go, he would go. And the story goes on to say, Elijah came and stood before Ehab and told him it is going to rain. And Ehab did not believe him. If you continue reading in the same story, in the same story in 1 Kings chapter 18 from verse 44, it says, Elijah prayed. He prayed the first time there was no rain. He prayed the second time there was no rain. The third time there was no rain. He prayed the fourth time there was no rain. The fifth time there was no rain. The sixth time though, but the seventh time. Guess what, rain came. But what I love about the seventh time, if we all go quickly to the last verse in that chapter, it says, then the hand of the Lord was upon Elijah and it was upon him and he ran ahead of Ehab. Boys and girls, I want us to learn today that if we go with God, God goes with us. And the Bible says the hand of God was upon who? Was upon Elijah.  You have to go with God. You have to go with God. 1 Thessalonians 5 verse 17. My dear people, are you here? Are you here? You are here? You are here? Very good. Do the verse with me. 1 Thessalonians 5 verse 17. It says, pray without seizing. Go with me. Pray without seizing. It means never stop praying. Elijah prayed and prayed and God heard his prayer.  You must, you must, you must pray. How many promise from today on us that they'll be praying so that Jesus can go with them. Hallelujah.  Because, because when Jesus comes, if you go with Jesus, guess what will happen? When he comes, when the trumpet is sound, what will happen? You will pop. Can we pop before I go? Are you ready? Yes. One, two. Yes, we'll pop into the sky to spend forever and ever with Jesus. Shall we pray to end our session? Our dear heavenly Father was so grateful that as you are with Elijah, you also will be with each and every one of us. All the boys and all the girls, all the mothers, all the fathers, all the aunties, all the uncles, all our brothers and all our sisters. Please continue to be with us until you come and teach us every day to pray and never stop. We pray all this believing and trusting in your mighty name, King Jesus, amen. God bless you.


Hey guys Brian here with freestyleneducation.com coming at you with another ombre video We decided that we wanted to make this video because it's been a while since we came out with a full-on ombre video And things have changed since then technologies have changed techniques have changed so I Got lucky enough. I found a fantastic model again with super long thick virgin hair and We've decided today to go in with a slightly different technique because we're using a slightly different product As you can see just real quick to hit on we're doing our sectioning off of her natural part the one that she came in with because I wanted to make sure that How she styles it is how this ombre is going to be seen Because you know we can ask them where the part is but it's going to be best if we can actually go off with the part that they created So for sections off of the natural part in the back I am starting off very similar to the last video. My first section is going to include below the occipital that whole nape really just Using the technique that I referred to in the last video It's called force perspective and what it is is it's a way of creating dimension on a two-dimensional Plane so we've got this flat plane of her hair and I'm using the lightener and Just painting the outsides of that section and allowing them to come together on their own in that force perspective kind of view so what that's going to do is it's going to create the gradation for me that you like to see when Observing an ombre you want it to fade from her natural into the lighter ends pretty seamlessly So you're gonna want a really nice steady gradation and my preferred way of doing it is through the force perspective the size of the sections that you take is going to Determine exactly how fast that gradation is going to happen as you can see I've got Hairline to hairline for that section so that means Wherever I'm painting lightener is where that highlight is going to be the one difference between this ombre and the one from the last video is in this one we're creating highlights that actually run a little closer to her scalp and Don't necessarily all start down the mid shaft of the hair I wanted to be able to give her something that still felt like a highlight when you know She ran her hands through it or looked herself in the mirror and really just you know, I sort of blend together a true balayage highlight that Ends up flowing into an ombre through the ends I want to talk a little bit about the product that we're using because as you can see that's it's a pretty heavy Hand that I got going on there for this particular Application I used sun lights lightener. It's a special balayage lightener Candy Shaw cottoner the or candy Shaw sorry the balay llama herself. This is her company we hooked up with her at the Millennium event last year and You know, she wanted us to try her product and I've been playing with it and it's really fantastic It's a clay-based lightener So it sticks to the hair as you apply it, but as it sticks to the hair it almost diffuses itself which Gives you the freedom to go in there and apply much thicker sections as you can see in my last video I did very very fine sections because I was using a different lightener This one with that clay base. It's grab it on and even though those look like really hard lines You just got to trust me. They naturally diffuse themselves out. So it's a really really great lightener. It's meant only for balayage It's not meant for use in foils she also Came out with this roll of saran wrap that I personally am not very Skilled when it comes to working with saran wrap it gets caught up in the static and makes a big old mess and before you know I've I've wrapped myself up and it's a mess but Candy Shaw the one that she sells with her Bali box that's sort of a an introductory Into the world of sunlight lightener It is a roll of saran wrap that actually has perforations in it So you can rip it one-handed and it just makes it much easier to work with in this case. It's not incubating It's really just separating to make sure that I can work quickly Without having to worry about my sections touching anything else that they're not intended to and Therefore not creating spots and bleed marks and stuff like that So I'm just using the the brush and the paddle that both also come in the Bali box It's just all it's a little it's a system and when you use it all together. It really Helps give really great fast Application times and a really great end result So as you can see I'm still taking those triangle sections And what you want to make sure you do because you get to decide where this blonde is going to come together The blonde is going to come together wherever on that section you pinch your fingers together because once you pinch that triangular section Your hand shouldn't move So you've got you know in your non-dominant hand your painting I mean you're pinching the section and then with your brush hand You're creating those lines along the outside of the section that come together wherever your fingers are pinched right there You can see it's out down towards the ends and You paint those edges and then when they're going to come together naturally at your finger So if you want a much much heavier blonde and a much less Base color in there then you're going to pinch much closer to the root because however close to the root you are is where That blonde is going to come together and then be blonde from there through the ends of the hair as You can see I'm working around her face, which is where you want to get some of the brightest because the actual effect of this really is to give a very a sunlight and defect and Everyone's always a little bit lighter even here. You can see her natural is just a shade a half a shade lighter Up around the face. So I just want to accentuate that and create a nice strong painted highlight around the face Not going quite all the way up to the scalp because it is still Supposed to be an ombre. I want it. I wanted to get it close enough so that when she's done It's going to give a pretty decent overall shift to her natural base color But I wanted to still do it, you know far enough away that it's a it's technically an ombre as I got to the sections Closer to the part. That's when my section started getting closer to the root All the way to the point where when I get to the part that highlight will run right up to the root because Again, if you think about where the hair was sitting on the head as it was being lightened by the Sun Where it would continue to be lightened by the Sun versus where it would start to grow out So working there using that paddle is as my backboard That that clay base lightener really just gives a fantastic stick It doesn't swell it doesn't bleed when you mix it to the proportions that you're supposed to it just gives an absolutely Fantastic consistency that just it's a lot of fun to work with It's great on longer hair shorter hair any any any hand painting work that you want to do It really is just a superior lightener Another side note of something that cannot be seen that is also being used in this process in with my sunlight's lightener I have mixed in Olaplex, which is the new bond multiplier That really to me is just completely change the game. It's it's insane. It is gonna go in there and help to not only Prevent damage as you're lightening the hair but actually reverse some of the previous damage from previous Chemical services be it lightning or whatever else they've done to their hair It's gonna go in and it's going to multiply the bonds that need to be there while eliminating the bonds that are not supposed to Be there that naturally occur through color services. So I Think there's been a little confusion with people in the past. They they assume that adding Olaplex to their lightener is gonna allow them to get lighter. It doesn't allow you it doesn't make your lightener stronger It's just going to allow you to maybe take it that extra step You know where maybe you're doing foil work or hand painting work or somebody on someone and you kind of want to you want to chill out you're a little worried that You know you don't want to leave those foils in any longer because you can tell that the integrity of the hairs in question Even though it's not as light as you want to go this is going to make it so that you can actually take the hair as light as you want to and The integrity of the hair is gonna be absolutely fantastic. You may have noticed I'm still blonde and my hair is still getting longer and it's because of Olaplex So anytime I touch a lightener. That's definitely in there because it's made My job so much more successful because now I can truly give people what they want without worrying about Hurting their hair. So we're finishing up here Vanessa Handpainted by the way, that's the the model's name. This is my beautiful lovely sister-in-law Vanessa Who has never had her hair colored and let me bully her into coming in and being my model for this video So big shout out to Vanessa. You're my fave Finishing up we're right up at that part now. So this last section is definitely gonna be nice and close to the park so I wanted to have that nice face frame in the highlight and Then we're not gonna watch processing or blow drying because it takes several hours because that is a lot of hair But we got everything protected everything's covered with the saran wrap so that we can watch it and see how it's lifting and when it's time to take it out I want to say she processed for close to 45 minutes and then we toned her out and then we got this beautiful ombre We wanted something nice and rich and warm and Just really pretty she looks good at the warmer colors So we definitely gave it to her and you can see there's just tons of movement tons of energy in there She absolutely loves it. She looks gorgeous. It just adds a little something extra to her hair without making her not feel like herself So thanks guys be sure to check us out at freesaloneducation.com. If you got any questions, let us know Thanks


This is Stocknimer 10482A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used. Light duty truck and F-150 headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2013 Ford F-150 Super Crew 5.5 foot short box. This truck has the 5 liter V8 motor and has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. Blue flame is the color officially my favorite color on the F-150s. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the vehicle quality and condition before seeing it in person. If you want to check out more photos of this truck in the upper right hand part of the screen there's a link right to our website. Click that and check us out there. Comes with the 20 inch factory alloy rims with the chrome covers and Nitto Terra Grappler G2 tires. These are our 275 55R20s and they got a good amount of tread left. I'd say probably about 60 to 70% of the tread and the frame and underbody for having 150 some thousand miles on the truck looks pretty good. Headlight lenses are nice and clear factory fog lights and the front bumper is in really nice shape. I didn't see any dents or dings on that and the hood is in excellent shape as well. No dents or dings does come with that chrome, I guess it's kind of a rock guard slash bug shield. Passengers side fenders in nice shape and the passenger side rim is in nice condition as well. As you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just not cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck you can see the truck here the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's no surprises. Cabs in nice shape down this side driver side or passenger side doors look really good didn't see any dents or dings on them and the frame and underbody is in pretty nice condition. Rockers are starting to go just a little bit which is pretty common on this body style F-150. The box rails look good though and the frame looks good back here has bilstein shocks in the back back tires have just as much tried as the front tires. I will say there is just a little bit of bubbling on this rear box side just starting there but that's why we do the videos we want to be fully transparent but high mileage truck like this you know you're going to get something like that tailgates in really nice shape it does have the tailgate step assist get a really good idea of that blue flame metallic the metal flake in that paint really a good looking color the beds and really nice condition a little bit of light due to usage but nothing too bad and it does have the tailgate step assist on here as well tailgates really light easy to get up it does have the full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring backup parking sensors and as you go down this side of the truck a little bit cleaner than the passenger side not as much bubbling on the box here just a little bit right there but nothing too bad and this back rim is an excellent shape as well does come with the capless fuel fill which is a really nice feature and the rear cab corner is just starting a little bit there too this does have the driver's side door code entry the power mirrors with the built-in directional signals they are heated and they do have a blind spot mirror as well on the driver's side inside the xlt package gives you the gray cloth interior i can't believe how nice and clean this interior is for having the miles on it does power driver seat 40 20 40 split bench seating you do get a set of weather tech floor mats throughout on this truck auto headlamps power pedals power windows power locks power mirrors and as we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has 153,521 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean steering wheel is in great shape you get bluetooth and audio controls on the right cruise controls on the left and the six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift does have the am fm and serious xm radio capabilities on the radio turned out four wheel drive factory brake controller and you do get your climate controls down there it has the sink so that you can pair it to your bluetooth device carpeting is very nice and clean you get a weather tech format on the passenger side as well and the passenger seat is in excellent shape too side current airbags the headliner is in great condition as well up here you get your map lights and power sign rear window and you do get a backup camera in that rear view mirror that's pretty crisp and clear on that backup camera we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood this one also has the door code entry we do have the code for that so feel free to have confidence that we have that code has the latch child safety system for all your power sign or for all your child safety seat needs your power sign rear window with the built-in rear defrost back seat very very clean i don't think this truck's ever been smoked in smells very clean inside and you do get that weather tech format all the way across back here which keeps your floor and carpeting looking like new child safety locks on the back doors and we will take a quick look under the hood i would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video you'll have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside now it does have a knn cold air intake five liter v8 motor engine base very clean runs very smooth like i said before this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off the truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go i would highly recommend it from a quality and conditioned standpoint and a looks standpoint really good looking truck and i wouldn't hesitate to pull the trigger on this one and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks suvs minivans wranglers half tons we quarter tons one tons you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto.com if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left a link to more f-150 videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this higher mileage but very clean 2013 forward f-150 supercruise short box xlt with the 5 liter v8 in blue flame metallic thanks again


From New York, it's theCUBE. Covering Blockchain Week. Now, here's John Furrier. Hello everyone, I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. We are here for exclusive coverage of Blockchain Week in New York, with theCUBE's continuing coverage of what's going on crypto, blockchain, and decentralized apple-class. We're here at the Block Crypto House, special event, we're here with Matt Roszak, who's the co-founder of Block, and we're here at Paul Stallion, who's the co-founder of Job.com. With some news, you guys got a pre-sale, do you want to get into the details? Thanks for joining. What do you guys do? First, take a minute to explain what Job.com is. Sure, so we're decentralized in the recruitment platform. So in our world, we have three parties. We have a job seeker, we have a recruiter, and we have an end hirer. What we're doing basically is we are removing the recruiter. We're putting the value back to the job seeker, who's the person who does the work. So the candidate, the job seeker, looks for a job. We peer to peer them with the direct client who's looking to hire. So we said charge these huge fees that recruiter companies can't charge, like 20, 25%, we charge the client 6%, and out of our 6%, we kick back 83% of that value to the job seeker. So there's a racket going on. Anyone who's raised the company knows that recruiting is one of the things they're going to write a big fat check. Well, it's a $638 billion industry globally. It's a nice racket, as I said. So you guys are disrupting and using blockchains. You're taking the middleman out of it and really making the community collective intelligence of the seeker and job hirers together. That's the secret sauce. That's the secret sauce. We have a very clever matching technology which means that the shortlist is provided by technology. We have some nice user flows that help the user actually be nurtured through the process and the job seeker gets a reward for the effort. Matt, you're an advisor to this company. What did you like about this company? What got your interest? Was it the nature of the team, the disruption? What was the catalyst for the advisory? Yeah, honored to be an advisor to job.com and it always starts with the team, right? Yeah, we talk about these new tech railroads, these new networks, but it always comes down to the core team and I think what Paul and his team are putting together is fantastic and you see all these use cases for financial services or real estate, but jobs and recruiting, human capital management is a massive industry that has a lot of middleman friction, a lot of middleman cost and blockchain and finding that connective tissue between the job seeker and the jobs is like a marriage made in heaven in this case. So I think they've got the right compass, got great funding and a great future. It's certainly a great testament having you as an advisor. You had a great compass too. You got in crypto early. You can just smell it and all these disruption opportunities, right? Is this one of those cases? Yeah, I mean, it's like, there's not a lot of competition in the space. This doesn't mean there won't be more, but I think what's interesting in blockchain is building these networks early gives you an advantage and so I think a lot of the road that's going to be paved by job.com will help the job seekers and employers find utility in this new service. I like the word that you use networks. You didn't say audience. It's a different world now. It's not audience and people, uniques, it's networks. That's the key to success. And networks are powerful. When I think of blockchains, I don't think of blockchains. I think of networks. I think of digital cooperatives. When you contribute something, in this case, job seekers will contribute. They're CVs, if you will, and hopefully find utility on this platform to find jobs. And as hiring people in the tech field, it's a very expensive endeavor. Hiring people in the blockchain field is almost impossible. It's a very high bar and very expensive. And so if you find a platform that could provide this service utility, I think it's going to be fantastic. And the efficiency is not there either. I mean, you thought about the cost, but there's also an efficiency angle on all those. The flywheel here is the network effect, the referrals. So there's no middleman there, it's no distortion. Yeah, and I think from this network, you could build other concentric circles of services on top of this. If you get this part right, you could pave into other areas of human capital management. So I think the future's very bright. Paul, talk about the round that you just did. So you got news that's either private pre-sale, was that accredited only? Just talk about some of the details. People really are interested. This is funding landscape, but it's super robust. And they want to hear the best practice. How'd you do it? What was the format? Share. Sure, so we're a company based out in Singapore, although we have an entity across the UK and the US. We've taken a strategic review on who we've partnered. We've partnered with a company called Chainrock that have helped us bring the capital for our pre-private sale. Private sale is now open. We are all about working with the right partners. We want to be able to expand the business globally, very quickly, about execution, about making sure that we get a land grab and take it to the masses. Did you use your job.com platform to get the matching investors? Yeah, we did, yeah. Did they take a feat? Yeah, they did. I'm sure they did. We gave them the feedback. Give the feedback. All right, talk about the pre-sale dynamic because some people are talking about pre-prize. I mean, there's all kinds of new nomenclatures. This is the first round of outside money. How big is the team? Take a minute and talk about the staff, what your plans are. Sure, okay. Currently, we have 38 staff. We have four offices, three in the US, one in Singapore. We'll launch the product across the US first of all because we already have 60 million resumes across the US. In the UK, we have seven million resumes and we will go in across Asia in the next 12 months. So you didn't wake up one day and say, hey, I'm just going to disrupt the job industry. You had some pre-existing experience. Sure. Was there an issue with scratching? Were you frustrated? Like, man, I could take this to the next level. How did you go from industry expertise to crossing over saying, damn, I'm going to use this disruptive technology and then drive this straight down to the world? So basically, we started off seven years ago and the business is seven years old. We built a matching technology. And the idea was basically to take search away from job seekers because when you search for a job, you're presenting with so much information back to you that you don't actually get what you're looking for. But by matching, you can upload a resume and our technology will read that resume, read a job and allocate the relevant person to the relevant job. Matt, I want to show you the network effect again because I think this is super important. He brought up the notion of referrals basically. The best hires come from the network. The flywheel of the network is the contributions that people have when you have efficiency in the referrals. This network effect is super important. You mentioned that earlier. The infrastructure of this new internet is not based upon the old DNS search. I mean, let me talk about search engines. It's so old, right? I mean, do people still use, but it's not effective. The infrastructure is changing. How are you looking at helping companies look at this new infrastructure saying, hey, you can't measure network effect? Yeah, I think you hit on a really important part, the referrals, right? These are like the influencers in the network that the more positive referrals they make, the more influential and the more economic activity they could achieve. And there's a reason why Microsoft bought LinkedIn, right? There's an incredible amount of data in there. But when Microsoft bought LinkedIn, I don't know if you got a paycheck for that. I didn't. But if something good happens. Internet developer programs, the worst. Yeah, it's not open source, so you can't innovate on it. But if you have a platform like job.com, then you can innovate on that. A, B, you share in the proceeds of that network building, and if you contribute, then you get back. So again, going back to the definition of this digital cooperative for job seekers and employers, it makes a ton of sense. How's the token economics work on this? Token workers, tokens go to the work of the referrals or the job seeker. How's the economics work? What's the transfer of the token piece here? I think you should cover that one. So we have basically, I mean, and the wonderful blue sky I think in clients will come to us and buy job tokens immediately from day one, but that's not gonna happen. We're gonna have, there's a learning curve here to make people start working with us. So we will be charging clients fear, convert them to job tokens and the job seeker will get a job token. But the job seeker actually earns job tokens on the entire journey. For us, it's about rewarding every step of the job seeking way. So engagement with the platform. So if you upload your resume, you'll get some job tokens. If you go for an interview, you're the person taking time off of work, using up your holiday, putting gas in your car to go to an interview. Referrals get tokens for that too, right? Referrals get tokens as well. Is there a reputation system in this? There will be, yeah, there will be. But the referral tokens work on the basis of, you can earn more as a reward if you refer more people to the platform. Well, congratulations and congratulations on the news. What's the next round? Sure, it's over subscribed.  The private round is, and you're right, the private round, people are queuing up at the door, being quite frank. And we're just handpicking who we wanna work with by the assistance of Matt and the team. But yeah, it's exciting times. All right, good job. We're here at Block Party at the event at the Crypto House for Block Chain Week in New York. I'm John Furrier. Thanks for watching.


Welcome, everybody, back to the conference. We're on the main stage here, and I have the pleasure of introducing Austin McLean from ProQuest. They're one of our sponsors, and Austin is gonna give a welcome message. Austin, I'll turn it over to you. Great, thanks so much, John, and hi everybody in USETDA land. It's great to virtually see you again this year. We're, ProQuest is very proud and honored to sponsor USETDA this year as well. And we have some new resources I wanted to tell you about in these couple of minutes that I have. So I'm gonna share my screen with you and show you our new ProQuest ETD dissemination PR kit. So I'm gonna have a link to that in our exhibit booth. If you go to the exhibit booth after this session, we'll put the URL there so you can get this kit. This is really a great opportunity for you to use this PR kit or send it to your marketing folks to help promote ETDs and promote what you're doing with dissertations and theses. You can also promote the use of the ProQuest dissertation and thesis database as well if you would like. So as you would see in this PR kit, we have press release templates that can be shared with local or campus newspapers to make them aware of your ETD partnership with ProQuest and all the good work that we are doing in amplifying what your institutional repository is doing it by making dissertations and theses more available to a greater audience. We also have some pre-written social media posts as well as some archives, yes. Excuse me, are you sharing your screen slides? Because we're not seeing them. Yes, I am. Do you not see them? This is strange. Now something's happening. Okay, good, sorry. Thank you, John. Thanks for letting me know, yeah. So this is the ETD dissemination PR kit and the press release templates, social media posts that are pre-written for you to customize and send out Facebook, Twitter, wherever you would like. We have some videos that show what folks are saying about PQDT Global that perhaps the library would like to use to promote the resource of PQDT Global there. We also have some website banners that you can use and some wonderful posters that you can download and printable student promotion. So if you want to help students understand how to promote. We have some good resources for student authors. So if you wanna promote some of the information that you're sharing as maybe they're getting ready to write their dissertation or thesis and how they're addressing prior publication concerns, which was one of the issues that was being talked about in the plenary. So you can have some information from students there when they're asking about what we call prior publication or publishing something in a journal article or in a conference proceeding perhaps prior to the dissertation. We also have some student learning support information. Now, last year we talked to you about at the ETD conference our great new e-learning dissertation boot camp information and expert advice that you can share with your students about how to pick a dissertation topic or other important topics of that nature. We have LibGuys for you to understand a bit more about ETD Administrator as well as blogs, use cases and user stories about a host of ProQuest resources. So we put all of this information together for you in one site so you'll be able to use those with your students and other campus stakeholders. So it's been wonderful. I see it's 245. So thank you, John, for the opportunity to talk about this PR kit. And again, it will be in our ProQuest exhibit booth in just a few minutes that URL for this kit. So wonderful and we're looking forward to talking to you further throughout the ETD conference. And we have our ETD Administrator user group later this afternoon. So we would welcome you to come there if you're an ETD Administrator user or if you'd like to find out more about the ProQuest ETD Administrator. Thanks very much. Great, thank you.


Now tips are a mess. So if you worked in a place where you are receiving tips, note that it used to be a situation where you could basically, there was a business model that worked quite well for certain types of restaurants and whatnot, where basically someone would be earning just simply tips. And the employer would just basically be making money on say the food earnings, the profit there, and the drinks, and possibly the servers would be earning say tips, for example. But the IRS doesn't like that situation because then the person that's receiving the tips is getting paid directly from a customer that doesn't need to issue them a W-2 or a 1099. So you can see what the IRS would like to do to force the tips to be reported as income is try to get the employer involved in the reporting be responsible for the reporting of the tips. So now you've got different kind of scenarios where the employer might have to involve themselves in the tip process. And if they do, then the question is, are the tips being reported on the form W-2? If they're being reported on the form W-2, then they're being reported as you're paying taxes on them. If they're not, then you still have income from tip income, which the IRS wants a piece of. And so that's the idea. So this should include any tip income you didn't report to your employer and any allocated tips shown in box eight on your form W-2 unless you can prove that your unreported tips are less than the amount in box eight. So again, it's on box eight of the W-2 or unreported tips because you have income. So if they're on the W-2, obviously if they're part of your income in box one, they're gonna be included in income. If they're in box eight, then you have the tip income. And usually when you enter this into the software, it'll help you to determine the line to be put on into the tax software. If you don't have any reported tips, but you did earn tips, then you should be still under the general rules of the code reporting income that has been earned, even if you didn't receive documentation on it. Allocated tips aren't included as income in box one. So again, there's different rules in terms of how the employer is gonna structure the whole tip or their whole business model system set up if they're now having to be involved in the reporting of tips in some way, shape or form. So if they're reporting tips, then as tips, then it won't be basically in box one possibly. So again, you might want it wherever you're working, if it's a restaurant or whatever, you wanna get an idea of the whole tip structure and how the taxes are kind of involved in the tips. And it's a good idea to understand how the taxes are probably distorting the business model that is being used when tips are involved. So see publication 531 for more details, also include the value of any non-cash tips you received, such as tickets, passes or other items of value. So notice that the whole point of a tip, oftentimes, is that you're giving someone value directly for work that's been done over and above possibly. And again, that's hard for the IRS to basically track and tax, but in theory, you should. So even if the tip was in the form of something else, like they gave you tickets to a concert. Oh, like a real concert concert? Or something like that, then you should be reporting that as income, right? So although you don't report these non-cash tips to your employer, you must report them online. Caution, you may owe Social Security and Medicare or Railroad Retirement, our RRTA tax on unreported tips. See the instructions for set schedule two, line five.