In this presentation, we will take a look at the Form W2 and Form W3. So of all the payroll tax forms, the Form W2 is probably the one that we are most familiar with, one that we have received from our employer, one that we have used in order to fill out our Form 1040, our income taxes, at the end of the year. What we'll do here is go over some of the components of the W2, we'll discuss how it relates to the other payroll tax forms, and part of its functions basically beyond just recording the taxes for our 1040. So first we'll take a look at that function here, of course, we receive it in order to help us to create and report our income on the Form 1040, our responsibility to do just by being the citizen. So we're going to self-report how much we've earned and that's going to be on the 1040. Now that's going to be one purpose, but the W2 should also basically be a firm statement to us as well that, hey, the government is giving us the W2, I mean the company is giving us the W2 and has also given the W2 a copy of the W2 to the IRS. So W2 is also saying, hey, this information that we're giving to you has been provided directly to the IRS as well. And therefore, if you don't report this information, you're almost certainly going to get some type of letter, like an audit of some kind, some letter saying, hey, there's W2 income that you didn't report because it's being reported to the IRS. So that's one thing to just be aware of. This is going to be a red form of the W2 basically indicating that one copy is going to go to the employee, one copy is going to go to the IRS and therefore the information is known on both sides and therefore it's something that's basically you just have to report on your 1040 and it's already known by the IRS. If we go through the components of the W2, we of course have line one, that's going to be our wages and tips and you would think that would be, if you were to ask someone how much they earn, you would think you can look at the W2 and just look at the line one and say that's how much we earn. But it's not an accurate number in all cases because really line one lines up to what we earn for calculating federal income taxes typically, meaning it lines up to kind of like the withholding calculation we're making for federal income taxes and the amount we're going to calculate to use how much we owe taxes on the 1040. But it's been reduced by some things like for example it's been reduced by the amount that we put into our 401K plan. So it's not really what we've earned possibly in that case. The Social Security is another wages but it's geared towards the wages for Social Security calculations and remember that may not be accurate in terms of how much someone earned as well because there's a cap on how much Social Security wages are reported, we don't pay taxes over that cap. So if someone made over a certain amount of money then the Social Security wages wouldn't actually be accurate in how much they earned because it would be capped at that amount. The Medicare may actually be the most accurate wage calculation if you look on the form W2, if you want to know how much someone actually earned the Medicare may be in many cases the highest number because there's no cap on Medicare and there's no deductions like there are for line one such as the 401K type deduction which is going to be a non-taxable for federal income taxes but Medicare we pay the rate, there's no cap on it. So we have these three wage calculations. We use the first one in order to calculate the taxes on the 1040 but the other two will help us to calculate the taxes for Social Security and Medicare and make sure that those are in alignment as well. Line two has to do with the federal income taxes. We report that on the second page of the 1040 and that ties into what we've done in like the 941s where we reported the federal income tax on the 941s from the company side. So from an individual side this is the individual's portion of what we reported on the form 941 as what we withheld from employees and gave to the government. So then we have the Social Security tax withheld and these two should line up so we should be able to basically see line three and line four line up. This again reporting and reflected in the numbers reported on the forms 941 as is the Medicare. So here's the wages, here's the Medicare taxes. We should basically be able to take our rate here and just the employee rate. We should be able to take our Social Security wages reported here times whatever the rate is just for the employee portion not for the both of them as we see on the 941 just the employee half of it which is currently 6.2% and that should give us our Social Security amount. Medicare, we should be able to take our Medicare wages whatever is here times the employee half which is currently 1.45% and we should get the Medicare tax here. So those are going to be the main components of the W-2 we're going to use to report. Now some of these may or may not tie out to like if we added up the 1040s if we added up the wages on the forms 941s depending on a couple things that could differ like tips you know we should be able to reconcile at least the total wages from the 941s to all of the W-2s on the wages if we were to add them up we should be able to reconcile them in some way. Same with the Social Security and the Medicare if we were to add up the Social Security and Medicare wages then for all W-2s which we'll do in a second on the W-3 then it should basically we should be able to reconcile that to the 4 quarters on the 941s same as the case for the Social Security tax withheld and the Medicare we would add them up for all employees we should be able to reconcile those to the 941s. So then we have tips we won't go over the tips the vacation we of course have the employees first name and initial last name then we have whether or not they are in a retirement plan are they component or a participant within a retirement plan if they are we typically will report over here how much was withheld for the retirement plan and that'll be one of the major reconciling items why line one will differ from line three and line five could be that they put into a 401k plan and and that will be reflected typically down here in box 12 and then we've got the state ID number and if there's any basically any state withholding so we got state wages and state income tax if there is a state income tax depending on where they are located. So then we have the W-3 and the W-3 you can see is very similar to the W-2 we got line one wages line one wages line three social security line three social security wages line five Medicare why because the W-3 is is in essence going to add up all the employees W-2 so it's kind of like the summary. So if we added up all the employees W-2's we basically have a W-3 which represents if all employees were one employee kind of the numbers for all the employees put together and this is one this is the form then that we should be able to take and reconcile to some of our other payroll forms and if we can do that then we can have a little bit more assurance. So our 941s we should be able to reconcile the differences between the 941s and for the wages for the federal income tax for the wages for the social security and the wages for the Medicare as well as the federal income tax withheld the social security tax withheld in the Medicare tax withheld. Now there can be some components that will complicate that so TIPS is a component they can complicate that calculation as well but we can see how these forms are all going to be related in some way and note that when we report the amounts on the W-2 and when we create the 1040 then whether or not we get a refund will depend on the withholdings that we're reporting that have been made by the company by the business throughout the year. So when an employee then if we over withheld on the employee for the federal income taxes then they'll get a return once they do their reporting. So that basically the form 1040 is the year-end reporting that's supposed to verify kind of like the 941s at the end of the quarter of the 940s for the corporation. The individual is reporting the verification that they've made their payments they're double checking the liability reporting that they've made their payments through the corporation withholding the money from them and then hopefully getting a refund again it's never exact for the 1040 for the federal income tax it's impossible it's too complicated but hopefully it's a little bit over and then you get money back. The Social Security and Medicare can be checked on when we report our taxes we note that we put that into our tax calculations as well on the 1040s we probably don't notice them as much because those will be exact typically when we get a refund we get a refund typically for over withholding for the federal income tax the Social Security and Medicare should come out exactly it shouldn't we shouldn't have any over withholding on those components.


Going on everyone, Sam here with late in sports cards, ripping 22 to need rookies and stars, football hobby, four box break, number nine, random team style. There's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find these on the website under the results tab, as well as the link that's in chat. So, good luck here guys, let's do it. Go rookies and stars. Let me clean this up really quick. First look at it this year for me and Bryson, I'm assuming. We're looking for the thriller inset. Those are the short prints, shorter printed. Four hits of box, I believe. Okay, just do all of these, unless there's a little number. I would say, here we go. There's Logan Hall, it's gonna be your orange to 175. For the Buccaneers, nice one there. We've got 24 out of 99, Justin Jefferson on the thrillers, very nice. Congrats there, Minnesota. The nicer insert there. Seyquan, Mack Jones, you can make Wanyu and David Bell. Must like a one-worn gold. Should be good. Crystal Lave is gonna be our first hit. That is Big Time Jersey. 172 out of 249 for the Saints. Big Time Jersey, cool picture on that one as well. We've got TJ Watt's orange, 136 out of 175. It's Campbell and the Jets, let's do it. Here we go, Tex. The Reimack came in, let's go. Look at the checklist, many rookies and stuff. I wanna make sure I have my parallels right. All right, it's orange, perfect. So I do have it right. Airborne is Josh Allen. Man in motion, James Counter, Romeo Dobbs, Jalen Petrie. Oh God, got this illegal guy out of here. Pat Klyla Shaqir, no, you don't actually have to. I thought you were going to, what's it called, timeout illegal. Klyla Shaqir Rookie to 49 for the Vils. 10 of 10, Gold Lamar for the Ravens. Nice one there on the Airborne. Congrats Baltimore, that is Joshua S on the combo spot. Sauce Gardener on the draft class. Oh sure, yeah. Skyler Thompson Rookie and Malik Willis Rookie. Think of their techs picking up the Jets.  A cross training, nice. Five of 49, two color, three color, catch Matt Corral for the Panthers. Another combo spot, Sander K on that one. Mike Evans, Orange to 150 for the Bucks. Or 175, Crusade, Silver, Josh Allen. A, no, Traylon Burks, Rookies and Stars. A standing ovation, Derek Carr, Malcolm Rodriguez and Logan Hall. No, no, unless it's like, I'd say, like you said, Tanner Runder, I think you're good to go. There's Alec Pierce on your Rookies and Stars Auto 212 out of 299, going to Indianapolis. Nice one there, Colts. Scotty, shh. That is Matt Stafford to 149 on the thrillers. That's a cool insert. Touchdown Club, Brady. Debo. Easy E, Federa and Mathis. My draft. Did you see her one free timeout? Wasn't that pretty funny? I gave illegal a handwritten note. There's, first up we have, pretty solid here. It's gonna be Aiden Hutchinson. Nice, Orange Auto 125 for the Lions. Jameson Williams, Rookies and Stars 2125, Rookie Rush. Traylon Burks, Silver, Stellar Rookies. Jehan Dotson, Draft Class. Rookie Rush, Chris Olave. Khalil Shakir and Jehan Dotson, Rookie as well. I just gave illegal a handwritten note. This is good for one free timeout. Like I gave everyone a handwritten note. Pretty funny.  Yeah, that's what it was illegal. Yeah, that's what it was. New. Another couple of spots coming in. They get their Matthew and another two. I think we are sold out on the contenders mixer now. Let me double check on that. No, two to go on that. I don't know actually up top of my head quack. It should be in the rule somewhere. Joshua would know that. First up is Cross Training, 63 out of 249 for the Jacks. Can you sell in the Discord, Joshua? I don't know, to be honest. Zemir White Rookie to 175. Silver Desmond Rear Stellar Rookies. Garrett Wilson. Rookie Rush, Sam Howe. David Ajabo and Bruce Hall. Another Aiden Hutchinson. This time on the Draft Class to 125. We've got 35 Peyton Manning on the airborne. Very cool. Rookie and stars. Tariq Woollen, nice one there. And Pierre Strong. Yeah, quack. You can sell just no sealed product. No sealed product. Just call a Sauce 1 of 1 right now. Let's do it. Sauce 1 of 1 would be awesome. Cross Training, Damien Pierce. That is 21 out of 49 for the Texans. Gotcha, gotcha, gotcha. That's what I was gonna say. I remember seeing that. Nine out of 35, Givante Williams. Matt Stafford, thrillers. Silver, Cunny Pickett, Draft Class. I'm gonna say Wyatt, take one, Thornton. Oh God, what is this room coming to? Skyler Thompson. Ooh, two, two, 99. That's cool. Who's got this team? Nice Skyler Thompson for the Dolphins. There you go, Shane. And we've got going to Scott H. How about 1 of 1, Malik Willis. Stellarookies, boom. 1 of 1 on the Malik. Let's go, dude. That's so sick. Congrats, Scott. There we go, buddy. Heck yeah, dude. We'll get that one mag for you, man. Uh, John Dotson. My home Sam Williams, Kevin Harris. I'll just let this play out. Really cool Willis right there. Damian Pierce. Rookie Otto to 299. Nice one there for H down. Congrats on that. Seyquan, that is yellow, or orange to 175. Matt Stafford, Airborne. Eric Azucanma. Blue to 49. For the Dolphins, we've got Charles Woodson to 149. Crusade for the Raiders. Cave on Tibido, draft class. Kenneth Walker, Rookie Rush. Banjo Booth, and Snoop Connor. On to the next box, box number three of four here. Garrett Wilson, big time patch. That is 39 out of 49, three color. Going to the Jets, nice one there in New York. Eric F, Damian Harris. That is going to be orange to 175. Joe Namath, trust in Evner. Nice one there, that's Rookie Otto to 149. For the Commanders. Oh yeah, I remember that, John. I remember that gold vinyl. Oh yeah, I remember that. No, it's Bryson today, Bryson today, Pigley. There's Chris Olave to 50 on the Thrillers. Blue for the Saints in Hutchinson draft class. D.K., Olave, Rookie, and KT. Looks like the Jets right now, I'd say, is where Derek Carr's going. There's Brian Robinson, Jr., again, for the Commanders to 299, very nice. Congrats, Washington. Matthew S, picking up two Commander's Autos now. Danny Gray, that is 235. There's John Ellway, welcome back, Carl. Trayvon Walker, Rookie Rush, cup standing ovation. Christian Watson, Rookie, and Todd Chandler. Oh, that's pretty cool, Pigley.  You never know, honestly.  There's Malik Willis to 149, Thrillers. Joe Burrow, touchdown club. James Cook, K.Dotten. There's Desmond Ritter on the cross training. 73 out of 249 for the Falcons. Nice one there, Atlanta. Two-Attack of Iloa, three out of 49, Blue. True Blue, Thrillers, Dalvin Cook, Silver. There's Alave Draft Class, Rookie Rush, Drake London. Son Haskins, and Dax Hill. Tyreek Hill, cool one there. Man in motion, 10 of 25, Jersey number for the Dolphins. Nice one there, Shane, cool Jersey number for the Tyreek. 96 of 99 is Thrillers, A-Rod for the Packers. Austin Eckler, Trey McBride, and Brian Cook. Ribbon's gone, we drop you guys the link again to the first Impeccable. Let me go, all teams are on sale for Impeccable. Give it a look. Oops, didn't give you guys the link. Do that now. Watch for dinner for me, dope. Probably Rice Krispie Treats would be my guess. PYT would have bought the Dolphins and Falcons. Four, are you talking for rookies and stars, Allie? We got PYTs for Impeccable, but not for rookies and stars, unfortunately. Smashburger, that sounds a good toke. Javante Williams on the High Octane Jersey, 38 out of 49. That is Josh Pascal, eight out of 49 for the Lions. Silver Deadsman, Ritter, Crusade, question down in club, Johnson Taylor. Man in motion, Mahomes. Nice, Javante Taylor, Montrell Washington. Nice, bought in CityPackle, yeah, that'll be fun. That'll be fun, that's a good one for sure. Jump into Dress for Success is Josh Dawson. Nice one there. Or Josh Dawson, this is in 2017. Or 2016, or whatever, Josh. John Dodson for the Commanders, God, that's embarrassing. Got a Bree Saul to 149 for the Jets. Jordan Davis, draft class. Romeo Dobbs, Traylon Burks, and Evan Neal. Good Lord, I just said Josh Dawson, 2023. There's Jameson Williams, nice one there. Blue, 10 out of 75. Otto for the Lions, true blue. That is Christian McCaffery, cool one there for the Niners to 175. Tyree Kill, Kyle Pittsman in motion. Jalen Petrie, Joe Burrow, touchdown club to 125. The Bengals, we've got Troy Palamalu, 299. Red, nice one there on the Crusade. Sauce Gardener, draft class. Skyler Thompson, Malik Willich Rookie. Two to go guys, we'll do a quick recap after as well. Trayvon Walker, cross training, nice one there too, 249 for the Jags. Damien Harris, Orange to 175, Patriots. That is Josh Allen, Airborne Silver. Traylon Burks, Rookie Rush. Derek Carr, standing ovation. Malcolm Rodriguez, Logan Hall. Tom Brady on top. Isaiah Spiller is gonna be your blue rookie, true blue, 21 out of 49. Purple Crusade, John Elway for the Broncos to 35. That's Tom Brady. Rookie's and Thar's Debo, Azucanma, and Fadarian Mathis. That'll do it for the break there guys, do a quick recap here. We've got a gold Lamar. Jerseys are Damien Pierce. Chris Olave, Garrett Wilson to 49. Levante Williams, Trayvon Walker, Matt Corral, Desmond Ritter, and Trayvon Walker. Autos, we had Jameson Williams, Aidan Hutchinson, Damien Pierce, Skyler Thompson, Jahan Dotson, Alec Pierce, Ryan Robinson Jr., Jahan Dotson again, and a black, one of one stellar rookies, Malik Willis, one of one. That'll do it for the break guys, thanks again for the fill. Next up we've got another one.


Hi my dear friends, I hope that you're doing well and welcome back to Plants and Lucia. I am Lucia and today is getting colder here in Berlin so I thought that it would be a good opportunity to share seven tips that I have to keep my plants happy and healthy during the winter months of the year. Okay, coming up. Number one, water less. In the winter when it comes to water less is more. And what I would recommend is that you always follow the general rules for your plant but I find that most of our plants really like when we let the soil try in between watering. So my best tip for this is to always check the soil. Throughout the year I usually check the soil of my plants every week. So what I do is I usually check the soil with my finger. So I put my finger inside the soil until the second knuckle and once I feel that the soil is drying out or dry then I water. So for example this one is still not dry. So I can water later. I can tell you when I check the soil of my plants in the winter I find that the soil actually takes longer to dry out and consequently I water less. Number two, also related to water try to use water that is at room temperature. We don't want to use water that is really cold because this will shock the roots and we want our plants to be as comfortable as possible. So always use room temperature water. One way that you can make sure that your water is at room temperature is that you let it aside for some time before using it to water your plants.  And again you can always check the water with your finger and make sure that it is not too cold for your plants. Number three, provide as much light as possible. During the winter months we get less hours of daylight and less sunlight intensity. So we want to make sure that we provide as much light as possible for our plants. The first thing you can do is to clean your windows. I know it sounds like a small action but it really makes a difference. The dust on our window is actually a barrier for the light to come in. So clean windows will mean more sunlight for our plants. Another thing that you can do is to clean the leaves of your plants. This works the same as to cleaning the windows because we won't have dust on the leaves to block the sunlight. Also cleaning the leaves of our plants will prevent pests which tend to be a bigger problem during the winter months. Another thing you can do to increase the sunlight that you provide to your plants is to move high light loving plants closer to the windows. Especially south facing windows and west facing windows. Remember your house is going to get less sunlight during this month so by moving your plants closer to the window the sunlight intensity will be stronger and your plants will be happier. You can also try to rotate your plants the ones that are okay with it of course. Some plants don't like to be moved so you can just leave them like they are. For example the fiddle leaf fig tree but the plants are okay with being moved I would recommend that you rotate them. This will help your plant get a more even growth. So for example this android plant right here as you can see is growing towards the sunlight. So I need to rotate it a little bit so it can get sunlight from other angles. And what I would recommend is that you rotate your plant every week by about 45 degrees so it's a subtle change. And the last strategy that I can recommend to increase light for your plants is to invest in some grow lights. There are many different kinds of grow lights so it depends on what plant you have and how much light they need. One very useful tip that I learned from Harley G is that we can actually replace the light bulbs in our lamps to LED daylight bulbs. So this will provide your plants with the light that they need and it's a more affordable way. You can also get small LED daylight bulbs for your plants. I got some for our plant wall over here and I think they're very good for my plants so you can also give them a try. Number four increase humidity around your tropical plants. You know during the winter the air in our homes becomes really dry especially if we use heating systems and heating vents. And if you are like me and like lots of tropical plants this is not going to be good for your plants. So it's very important that we increase humidity around them. Some ways that you can help your plants with humidity are for example keeping your plants away from heating vents because the heating vents really create air that is dry. So they will not be happy close to the heating vents. Another way that you can help them with humidity is to put all the tropical plants together. They actually help each other with humidity levels. Now if you have plants that really love high humidity around them I would recommend that you invest in a humidifier for the room where you are going to have your plants. For example we have a humidifier in our bedroom and our plants are really happy. We have calesias there so we keep the humidity at about 55 to 60 percent. You know what let me show you. So here's our humidifier. I really love this one specifically for our calesias because as you can see we have calesias in the bedroom. This is actually my desk. So here it shows you the level of humidity that you're at. So right now we're at 57 percent. I put it to be at 60 so it's still working until it gets to 60. Then over here you can control the mist so it has three levels. You also have the sleep button here which is really great because it actually turns off the light. So then you can have it like this just in case you're sleeping or anything. Or you can also put a timer so you can actually set it up by time. So you can put it for an hour or whatever you would like. It's a really great humidifier so I really recommend it. So if you have any calesias or any high humidity loving plants make sure to check it out. Number five protect your plants from the cold weather. So it goes without saying in the winter the weather gets really cold and we should be able to provide our plants with a warm space so they feel safe and happy. And some ways that we can do this is to first for example seal the windows and doors from cold drafts. Now if you're going to have a window that is going to be opening and closing or a door that is bleeding outside and is going to be opening and closing I would recommend that you put your plant really far away from this window or door so they're not exposed to cold drafts. Another way to protect your plant from the cold weather and this goes a little bit against to the tip that I gave you about putting the plant really close to the window for sunlight you don't want to put your plant really really close to the window because the window is also going to get cold especially if it is snowing outside or really really cold you don't want to put your plant really close to the window touching the glass because this is also cold for them and this is going to be damaging to the leaves. So make sure that your plant is as close as possible to the window for light but not too close so they don't get so cold. Now some plants actually like cooler temperatures in the winter for example I learned from plantarina that the string of pearls likes to be cooler in the winter so what I'm going to do is I'm going to move this plant to my bedroom because this bedroom tends to be cooler than the living room here and I'll see how it goes. Number six cut back on fertilizer so as you may know plants actually don't grow so much over the winter for most of our plants the growing season is between spring and summer and during the colder months your plant gets dormant or they're just not growing so much and because of this they don't need so much fertilizer so I just cut back on fertilization for this month and don't worry we can continue fertilizing in the beginning of the spring. Now some of our plants are actually going to go dormant so they will go a little bit down or they will be not as bright as in the spring or not growing this is totally normal so just keep an eye on them and yeah they should be okay in the spring. Number seven and this is very important check regularly for pests you know with the warmer and drier air in our houses pests can come more easily to our plants so what I do is that I always check my plants every week or so just to make sure and prevent some infestation so I usually check the top of the leaf the back of the leaf sometimes I also check the stems and the soil and keep cleaning the leaves of your plants because this will really help you prevent pests so remember with pests prevention is key okay my friends these are some of the tips that I can give you to keep your plants happy and healthy during the winter. Do you have any other tips or strategies that you use to keep your plants happy during this time of the year? Make sure to comment below so we can all learn together as always if you would like to be part of this community you're always welcome so make sure to subscribe so we can see each other every week and talk about plants and as always I will see you in the next video okay ciao


Welcome to the Windy City, everybody. You're watching theCUBE, the leader in live tech coverage. My name is Dave Vellante. I'm here with my co-host, Stuart Miniman-Stew. This is our second year of covering Vee-Mon. You've painted the town in green. We certainly have. We've been talking about for, I can't even now tell you how long, data is at the center of it all. Companies are taking a new look at what does it really mean to ensure that I know where all my data is, that I ensure it's protected, and that it's in compliance. All these challenges are much bigger part of that, not just the data backup and recovery. It's overall data management market, which is much bigger. More and more companies are digitizing their organization, and for us, we're kind of the ones that keep that up and running, and I think it was important for us to make sure that message gets out. For 10 years, we've been saying, we must be on where only, we must hyper be only. We will never do physical. Ratmir would always say, we're just gonna do virtual, virtual. Well, in the enterprise, that can't be. There's 10, 15, 20% of all these enterprises that are gonna stay physical. So last year, we introduced a comprehensive end-to-end platform. Now we can do virtual, physical, and cloud for our enterprise customers, for everybody, but we see it more in the enterprise. Allowing workloads to move seamlessly across multi-clouds. Provide a single pane of glass to manage all your data across the cloud. There's a dichotomy between what the businesses expect in terms of the levels of data protection, the levels of orchestration and automation that exists, and what IT can deliver. And it seems like Veeam is trying to fill that gap. They did what most of the big companies do. They started out for the partner day. Veeam's all about their partners. You cannot be a platform provider without an ecosystem that's embracing and extending the value. Merging that value proposition together with these companies, it brought about a tremendous impact on just the customer success, the experience in leveraging our technology. They want to make sure that if I'm buying something from you, it'll integrate into my existing environment so I don't have to do a complete rip and replace. That's a very expensive proposition. This is a company that has grown from, you know, very small to quite large. It's going to be probably close to a billion dollars in bookings this year. We're not losing kind of what made us great, which get in the door. Just get in the door to any of these companies, go in a Coca-Cola, just get in the door and then do a really good job and expand from there, which is really what we've been doing since the beginning. They've taken over Chicago. Veeam is famous for its parties, parties at the VM world and other big events. Work hard, play hard, then. So Veeam is known for having the best parties. Pleasure seeing you and congratulations on all your success. Thank you very much. This is Dave Vellante with Stu Miniman. You're watching theCUBE live from Chicago. Veeam on 2018.


We're in the captain's armband for Mobile United. This is how the champions will line up. It's an on-chain squad. Shaquan Davis between the sticks. McCullough has five goals so far this season. Cummins, Doxley, Shaquille Dyer, Kimoni Bailey. They're widely glad to have him back. They will save from injury. Shaquille Bradford with second on the goal score in charts with 10. Nathaniel James, the Trinidadian, 19-year-old is in. Romeo goes through the form of Captain Vannick Gans and Demarra Phillips. Daniel Green completes the line-up. He will play in that wide area. Kapusizagao, the leading goal scorer in the Premier League. Yeah, this will start as a 4-3-3. But if you watch Mount Pleasant before, you know there's a lot of rotation. So, so much we see Cummins going down on the right-hand side. They're captain Suley Makala inverting inside. So much rotation and movement with Mount Pleasant. This Mobile United team, they'll have to be very alive to that. This is how they will line up. They'll be playing with a 4-2-3-1. William Ferreira between the sticks. Hospitalis, the Trinidadian as well. The Brazilians. Korea. And yeah, and Ferreira as well, who wears the number 10 in the middle of the park, who will string things for them. Creativity from a creative voice perspective. Trinidadian, another Trinidadian in the squad as well. Nevaun Turner, Dane Nish, Gregson president. The Sint Lucian and Young Leo Campbell in the starting line-up as well to partner Courtney Allen and Owain Gordon. Yeah, we're going to see maybe not as much rotation as we would see with Mount Pleasant. But this formation, we're going to maybe see Jordyn Fletcher. One, big picture, and it required a big central referee in a sheen nation. Number two in the land in terms of fee for officials behind the Indian parchment without injured. And yet he had a busy opening to this one.  And this strike from Ferreira, which was stopped at the near post by Shotgun Davis, who he himself had a good game, Shotgun Davis. In fact, both keepers did. Ferreira was called into question here from Romeo Guthrie, but this shot was due in wide. Both teams had their moments in the first half. This was the first goal of the encounter.  And Owain Gordon opened his body well to slot it past Davis. Davis beat for pace and accuracy. And Mbabe were away, 29 minutes down. Mbabe, away from home with the one goal lead. Mount Pleasant said, well, look, we are the champions. We know how to fight. We are resilient. We are at home. And Daniel Green found home as he slotted this past, William Ferreira, not an easy keeper to beat the Brazilian. But Daniel Green, very prolific in this competition. At his business season, the former Golden Boot winner with Mount Pleasant. It was a big battle within the park, within the middle of the park. Courtney Allen had his strike that hit the upright. He came close, Allen. Davis was beaten, but luckily for him, the frame of the goal to his rescue. And then this strike from Phillips. What great technique. Look at this. It was going left. Offering a first and then lead swirl to the right. Produced the best out of the Brazilian to push it over the bar. Mount Pleasant, they continue to come forward. James with the strike. A difficult technique for the 19-year-old and he couldn't get it right. Pulling it wide of Ferreira's goal yet again. This was the best chance of the second half for Mabe United. Ferreira, after allowing that to go across his body, should have put it into the bigger area to the right of Chacoa Davis. Tried to go near post cheekily. And the goalkeeper was equal to the task. Then Allen towards the back post and Ferreira probably should have stuck out the left foot. It wasn't to be for Courtney Allen. James produced some telling deliveries from the wide areas. Asked some questions, but both defense lines, they stood up strong. They shared the spoils here at the Draxall Sports Complex, one all. 19 shots between the two, just seven on target. Between the two, it was a tight encounter. Look at that, 22 fouls spread evenly. Three yellow cards shown by O'Shea Nation. They came early and he kept good control of this fixture. There are five corners from Mount Pleasant. They enjoyed majority of the attacking play and a majority of the possession as well at 53%. But even at home, they couldn't break down this stubborn Montego Bay United side. It ends one-one. Dwight Jeremiah is the old man of the match. The man from St. Lucia, Gregson President. President Gregson, you're from St. Lucia, but you've owned a Jamaica Premier League match today. You played like a man inspired. Just what made you your role today because you started out as a double, alongside to make a double pivot. But very often, you were forward making those passes or applying the press. My role today was joining the attack when we had possession of the ball so that we can have more numbers atop and try and create opportunities for our team. Yeah, that was one aspect of it. But so often you were the man back winning that second ball, breaking up an attack. And you didn't show any sign as a player coming back from an arm string injury? Well, hard work, hard work, hard work. What did you make of your teammates' performance today and the point? How do you view the point as a team? Did you think that you're disappointed that you should have more or you're satisfied? No, we should have won the game, but it all come down to movement. We scored and switched off as soon as we scored and the team took advantage and cost us a game. Well, good performance from you. You were good going forward and good in defense, all the best. Thank you. Did we have a man at a match? Player of the game, he was quite good.


Either down at the main or in one of your branches. So come in, check out the library and get some great summer reading. You're watching At the Public Library on Cable Channel 54, CityWatch. You can also see At the Public Library on Tuesdays at 3 p.m., Fridays at 8 p.m. and Saturdays at 2 p.m. The San Francisco Public Library is pleased to present Factory Maneuvers, an examination of the mechanization of bookbinding in the 19th century with your hosts, Bay Area bookbinders John de Merritt and Dominic Riley. Hello, it's book talk with John Dominic. John, say hello to the people at home, please. Hello. Now, we've been persuaded to take a break from our browsing at the special collections at the San Francisco Public Library. Deep reading. To share with you some of the observations we've made. Now, John, what have we been looking at particularly today? Two books, one book, Dominic's book from the 18th century. This is called, oh, it's Horatius. Yeah, and I have the Table Book of Art. About 100 years later than your book, 1870s, a typical 19th century book. Well, let's talk about a few of the surface differences in these books. Sure. Well, my book, for instance, and this is obvious you could tell this, my book's bound in leather. It's covered with leather. Right. And leather, of course, is expensive. It's difficult to prepare. Mm-hmm. And it costs a lot of money. Now, your book. Yeah, my book, on the other hand, is bound in cloth, a linen, probably coated with some sort of starch. Right. So what we're saying is that major change happened in the 19th century in relation to bookbinding, and that was, John? Cloth. Mm-hmm. Something more? Uh, Xeroxing. Mm-hmm. A little out of time. Binding books at the forest. No, no, I have to stop you there. It was, in fact, mechanization. Yeah. Oh, yeah, that. That's right. And we're going to look today at some of those machines that intervened in the bookbindery. And we're going to visit two very different bookbinderies that are related in some ways. We certainly are. Right. Actually, I think some of our old predecessors were working at those. Yeah, John and I both come from a very long line of ancestors. That's right. Some of whom happened to be bookbinders. Bookbinders. Yeah. In fact, I had an uncle who was a bookmaker, but that's something slightly different. And he went to jail for it. And my grandfather was a leather worker. Oh, he was? Yeah, a football coach. Oh, right. Okay. Now, this is a skeleton of a binding. A book, not a little bit unlike this. And what you can see about it is that it has its boards, which are these, attached to the book before it's bound. And they're held in place by means of these cords that the book is sewn on, and they're held in through these holes. A big difference that we want to look at today with John's book here. My book, on the other hand, comes in two parts. A text block, which has been sewn and worked together. And a case or a cover, which is made separately from the book block and then sort of wed together at the last minute in a big standing press. And we're going to look at some of the visceral differences between these two structures, where the similarity is we're both starting with a printed sheet of paper, which we get from the printer, printed four up, folded into what's called a signature. Which pops inside here. Which is nested inside these and is gathered into a book, which is the same thing that we will both start out with. But they're all similarities, and the work is very different. So what we're really saying is, although these books look different on the outside, the major differences come in the 19th century with the way they're built. Things that aren't so obvious when you first look at the book. The way they're built. So we have a couple of pictures, and I think up there we can see that's a nice engraving of a picture of a bindery in the 18th century. Right. And what are a couple of things that we notice about this? There are four people in this room. This guy here is beating the sections. The paper needs to be flattened before it's bound. Right. Here, sitting at the sewing frame is a woman doing the sewing. The division of labor was always done down gender lines, and women always did the sewing, and the sewing of headbands. And they sat down generally to do that. Then over here we have this man who's here at a thing called a press and plow, and he's shaving the top edge of the books off to make them flat. And here's a guy operating the big standing press, a wooden press. And that's essentially most of the activities in book binding are described in this picture. That's right. Now, this other picture, on the other hand, John, you'll tell us about it. Yeah, this picture represents a very large factory-style 19th century bindery. And this is just one small section of this binding. And maybe with the perspective, maybe starting in the back, you can see a group of people there who are perhaps folding, maybe gathering. You can see something with sort of a treadle or a windmill there. That might be a folding machine. And these are all operated by steam via these? Correct. You can see this cog or this sort of treadle up on top, which is probably operated by a large steam-powered engine, maybe in the basement of the building.  Probably women sewing at the sewing frames, a little closer to that. You can see someone with a beading hammer or a rounding and backing hammer, probably rounding and backing.  They look great. Yeah, you can see the sort of shavings on the floor. And the interesting thing about this illustration is that it just represents a very small part of the bindery. John, could I just interrupt you please? What? Nothing, I just wanted to interrupt you. Oh, thank you. Yeah, well, I think now what we should do is talk, we've told you a little bit about our ancestors. Yes, our ancestors, we did say that we had ancestors through book binders and we weren't joking, it was true. And I think first of all, we're going to look at my ancestor, who was called Archibald Riley, and he was a book binder in the 1780s in London. And here he is. In his bindery in 1786, which... Oh, that's right. Now, this is the year of the great book binders uprising when four of them went to Newgate Jail for a reduction of their working hours by one hour. Did you know that? Yeah. My ancestor Archibald spent... What do you mean? He looks like he just got up. No, he's just got out of Newgate prison.  Now, here we are in the picture, in the foreground, the plow that we saw.  That's the sewing frame. Huh. In the background, a small standing press. Yeah. There's nothing else in it. That's all there is really to the bindery. A bit of leather. Some hand tools.  What's that he just picked up? That's a little knocking-down mallet. And here's a little book I think that we're going to see him sew in a bit. Insignatures. Absolutely. Now, by contrast, we're going to look at your ancestor. What was his name, John? His name was Charleston Tamerit. Yeah. A 19th century hack merchant. Oh, yeah. With not a care in the world really. Really? Yeah. And here he is knocking up books. In the bindery, you can see the difference. Oh, absolutely. Well, there's about 6,000 pounds worth of difference between the two binderies. You see, two large pieces of machinery behind him. Mm-hmm. The board cutter, where old Charleston now. He looks kind of like you, doesn't he? He is a distant relative. Yeah. Now, next to him is a guillotine used for cutting paper. Where's that? Oh, on the left. The gray monstrosity. God, that's a brute, isn't it? It is a brute, and it can really cut people. He was a messy old bugger, wasn't he? Look at him. Look at that place. It's a disgrace. You should see the floor. Yeah. I think he cleaned this up before we went over there. Really? Yeah. They didn't care back then, did they? So wage labor we're talking about, really. I mean, this guy is, he works in a factory. He doesn't really have the same autonomy that old Archibald had back then. He works from seven in the morning till nine, ten at night. He does not. Really? Every six days a week. Now, we're going to look at the operations involved now in this, in these bindings. In the 18th century bindings. Yeah. 1786, but back in the bindery. Archibald. Sewing. Now, we saw the sheets earlier, and here he is. Now, this job, is basically done by a woman, I understand. Yes. What's that he's tying on there? This is called a sewing key.  Now, we sew around this cord, right? You've got to lock it into place so he's going to... You're doing a special knot there. It's called a key knot. You put it in this groove. Yeah.  So you can do this by means of these screws. With those wooden screws. These sewing frames are very old. Primarily. Yeah. Not fiberglass or anything like that. No nylon thread or anything. No. Now, he's got five of those cords. Yeah. And he's sewing around them. You can see that he's sort of going around them. Yeah. You don't go in a line. You just do a loop, a figure of eight things. And you just sew them one after the other, linking up each time to the next one. Yeah. That's called a kettle stitch, correct? Yes. This is Irish unbleached linen thread. Yeah. When it's sewn, you take the keys out, of course, I think he's going to do a pair of shears there.  And once that's done, you take the keys off. They just unwrap. Yeah. You see, you don't have to cut those. And there it is. All sewn up. It's starting to look like a book. Yeah. Now, Charleston, on the other hand, has a different way of doing it. My goodness. Look at that. Charleston has some ice sewing machine, another monstrosity. When was that invented? Oh, in the 1850s, I believe, given a little kickstart. This one happens to be in the 1850s. Oh, you probably would have used it. He probably would have used it. Now he's used it. He places the signature of the book on a platen, hits a treadle with his foot, and the book is sewn. Left in place is sewn in gigantic blocks. Oh, we do it. More than one book, which will then be cut apart later. Right. He's finding the middle of the signature, putting it on the platen. It's pierced and sewn at the same time. This looks like hard work, though. Very hard work. Cost-cutting work. Cost-cutting work incredibly fast compared to what we're doing. Right. That's a good, nice picture of your home. You can see the cams. There is a similarity, isn't it? Cutting off the threads, removing. You wouldn't just sew one book at a time. You can sew up to 30 or 40 books at a time, depending on how many figures you need. And there's no cords here. No cords, no tapes, no anything. Now, trimming. Now, we're looking in the 1780s at trimming. It's been unchanged for many, many centuries. What's this piece of equipment called? A laying press. It sits in a tub. Yeah. You screw the book in. This is the fore edge. We're going to trim first. And it has a little piece of binder's board at the back of it to protect it. Yeah. And what we're going to do is we're going to actually take this thing called a plow, which is sitting on the desk. Which is essentially a sharpened blade which is held together between these two pieces of wood with a screw. Yeah. And we're going to run it up and down in this gutter. It's like another press. It's another kind of press, yeah. And as you'll see, it shaves that little bit of the pages. And you don't just cut the whole book block at once. Oh, no. Every time you do it, you turn in with the screw a little bit and it moves the blade. You can see that you're turning the blade a little bit different. Yeah. In and in and in and then it's nicely trimmed. Then you go all the way around the book. It's very fast. Would you do one or two books at a time? Sometimes you could put three in. You're putting on the thickness. So the plow fits on a track on the laying press. Yeah, absolutely.  But that's essentially all there is to it. And it makes a beautiful cut. Oh, very smooth. Very smooth. Yeah. The other hand. Oh, this is good. Charleston's guillotine here, which is the machine you saw in the background before. It's a very large machine with a blade, mechanically operated blade. When was this machine an adventure jump? 1830s or 40s, I believe. You can see he's just cut the four edges of two books. Yeah. That was sewn earlier. But there's a gauge. Oh, OK. A clamp comes down to hold it and the blade is engaged with the clutch. Fabulous.  Absolutely not. Rounding and backing. Bad accidents can happen. Now, here we are. Before we round and back this book, you see those cords are very thick. They're very thick cords. So we fray them out. It's called fraying out the slims. And when they're nice and smooth, we just take a bookbinder's hammer, very gently, both sides. Now, what's the purpose of doing this? Well, the book has a huge swell at the spine. So that swell has to go somewhere. Because of the fold and the thread. Yeah, the fold and the thread makes the book thicker at the spine. So we put it into a round like that so it will function better as a machine because it is a machine. Now, you see again you're going back into the length which is really the all-purpose piece of equipment in the binder. We're putting it between these two angled or beveled sort of shoulder on the book. It's that little edge where the board is going to sit. Well, the board will sit flush too. Now, here on the other hand is a starbacker or a rounderbacker that will replace hammering a book. It's been slightly hammered so it's a little bit round already. Charleston here is clamping the book. He'll put all his weight onto it. Oh, I see the round there, yes. You see the round there he's going to roll this giant iron round all over the, over the book. And you can see that it does a pretty nice job. That's a very heavy roller that's going on there. It's very heavy. This is the sort of ultimate Victorian piece of machinery. I love that. I won't work. And he did a pretty good job there. Yeah. He's a hard worker. He works very hard. Now, lacing on, of course, this is the board that's going to make the cover of the book and we're punching holes in it which you'll see why we're going to do that in a minute.  You're sort of excavating the board. Excavating a little bit and that's where the cord is going to sit. So it makes it nice and flat. And into those holes we're going to actually rub some glue or paste in this case. Yeah. Onto the slips those pieces of cord that the book was sewn on. And they will then be laced into the board and you'll see how this works. Nicely. We get the paste. So the board's attached to the book before. It's attached at this stage. Before covering. Which is very different to your book, right? Yes. That you showed us earlier. So we've rubbed some glue into there and now we take those slips.  Because of the little cap and wear? Yeah. Sometimes. Yeah. We pull the little cords through. Although that isn't actually me. I know it looks like me. Yeah. That was my great-great ancestor. Yeah. And we're going to bash down those holes and that will secure the book in place. Now. Headbanding. To its boards. Now this is all done with a needle and thread and a simple piece of cord. Yes. It's important to put chalk on your hands. Yeah. Very important. Just like a gymnast. Yes. Or a snooker player. Or a friend's chef. And then we're going to sew around the headband two colors, red and white. Generally they would use two colors. So you're so, actually this is being mechanically attached to the book. Yes. You actually, There's no glue involved. You're going down there. Yeah. You're going right the way through below the kettle stitch. Right. Below the kettle stitch. Yeah. You don't have to. But that's, it's always good. It's a psychological reassurance or anything else. Using two color threads. Two color threads. It's a rounded, around headband. And then when it's finished you just tie off at the end. Bit of glue. But this is hot glue made from leftover bits of animals that our carnivorous friends don't eat. And then you have the old purpose paring knife. Cut the, Remove the ends. Yeah. In the olden days they used to be laced into the board. But this is more decorative and structural and you cut it off. And there it is. Beautiful decorative stripy headband. Right. And we'll see in the 19th century the new, a new kind of headband because we were really moving into multiples. They did away with the sewing. They did away with the sewing because it was extremely time consuming. But you still have a stripy piece of material there. Mechanical device. Now, the striped material came from the binder's Oxford shirt. Get out of here. It's true. Which the binder probably paid for themselves? What, in terms of you mean they paid for with the accidents they had and they paid for with their lives? The bindery wasn't supported. Oh, they actually bought them, right? I see. Now, you can see I just wrapped a stiffen cord.  Those were for different books. Right. Now, Charleston had a lot of shirts. Now, lining the spine. Okay. After we've attached the headband to the book, we take a piece of crush. Oh. Mall. It's very much like a piece of cheese claw. Notice that Archibald didn't line his spine, by the way. No, Archibald did not because he didn't need to because it was already strong. It's already strong. You put this on. What Charleston is doing here is since there is no attachment of boards he is lining the spine of the book to make the book block, the text block a single unit. Plus, he's creating, by putting this crush on here, he's creating a strong attachment when the cover is actually attached to the book block. In England, we used to call that mall. Yeah, they call it mall. It depends what coast you're from. Right. It's also called super. Oh. I think if you call it super, if you're from Chicago. Okay. Now, he's glued it again. He's glued it again and he's going to paste it so that the spine retains its shape as it opens and grows. That's pink craft paper. Pink craft paper, very 19th century. Presumably not made to match the headband, which is also pink. That's just an accident, isn't it? Yeah. Because we're not going to see that. Now, covering actually for old Archibald back in the 1780s was a lengthy process covered in in hide, leather. This is actually a kip side, which is an adolescent calf skin. Yeah. What are you doing there? He's tired, doesn't he? Oh, nice. Remembering those long days when he was languishing in jail, I think. Yeah. All my family have been great revolutionaries. I have a great radical tradition that I come from. He's cutting it out with this big knife. His paring knife. My mother actually organized a revolution in the Women's Institute a few years ago. Mm-hmm.  English paring knife, I have to say. Yeah. Oh, that looks very hard. Well, it's hard. Now, he's what's he doing there? Well, he's dyeing this now and it's a vegetable dye, brown number two. Mm-hmm. There were only four colors of dye in those days. Can you just brush it on with a piece of cloth? Yeah. It's a rag, really. Yeah. Put it on with a rag or a rake, as they say in Montana. Yeah. And then lift it up to the light. That's what Peter Katz would say. He would. Yeah. He's got such a hic accent, doesn't he? Now what? No, we're just pasting it out now. Get it nice and wet. You know, when it's tacky, we put the book on it, wrap it around. Now you see, it's not covering the whole book. Yeah. This is called a half-binding. Now by this time, the leather is quite supple and easy to work. Oh, it's wonderful. We're forming it round the spine. We want to take all the shape and the impressions of those raised bands that we sewed it on. The rest of this board will be covered in marble paper or plain paper, by the way. Yeah. Now you're turning it in down the spine. And when it's closed, we wrap it up. And this cord that goes around the neck and emphasizes it. Didn't his sleeves get in the way when he was working? Oh, sometimes. Now, Charleston, on the other hand, is making what's called a cloth case. He's setting his board cutter up to cut boards, which have not been attached to the book block yet. So now is the time that he would do that. Oh, okay. Cutting the panels out. Now this is really quick. The boards, by the way, Archibald would not have used one of these. He would have cut his boards in the plow. Yes. The same place where he trimmed his book. This is all about multiples. Now, tell me about book cloth. It's a starch-filled linen that was generally coated on the facing side for making it easy to stamp and to make it pleasing to the eye. But this wasn't around an Archibald's day. This was. Oh, no, no. This came around well into wide use in the 1830s and 40s. And it really became the prime. A lot stronger than this. So it was an alternative. It was better than paper, but it was an alternative to leather. Yes. It was easy to treat. And they had to invent new methods to use it. There were ways it was a lot harder. So they got it and they made some improvements to it that made it easier to work for. OK. Four books. Right. Particularly so that it could accept stamping and adhesive. Stamping is the goal tooling onto it, right? That's right. The embossing. Now, he's making what? What Charleston is doing is making the case. He's using a gauge there so that the spine size is always uniform, which is very important. Oh, OK. Putting the two panels down. So this is very, very fast. This is like production line stuff, isn't it? To reinforce that. And you can see that all his movements are very economical. Just goes like that. You can tell he's done it millions and millions of times. Oh, yeah. Yeah. He's fast. He's very fast. Now he's going to use it. Simple turning-in tool. Mm-hmm. Hand tools were still quite common in the, you know, addition bindery. But they were just aided. There were certain steps that were aided by mechanical machines.  You're still using his hands. Factory machine production. Well, no, that's the common misconception is that factory work was unskilled. Well, I certainly thought that until now. Yeah. Was I laboring under the misconception, was I? I think you were laboring under a very large misconception. Well, thank you for putting me right. Well, thank you, Charles. Yeah, Charles. It looks like a book, doesn't it? Now tooling, on the other hand, Archibald is the... Oh, let me tell you about him. I'm very proud of him. This is real gold leaf and he's, it's you can't sneeze when you're doing... Oh, you can't even blow. Look at that. You've got to blow to get it onto the pad. Now, what is that pad that he's putting on? It's made of suede to the other side of leather. It just sort of holds the... That's a gold knife. Special gold knife.  No, no. You can eat gold leaf. Did you know that? I did. It's very good for you. In fact, I think, I think Archibald used to have a bit of taste for it. That's probably why he died early. He got cold poisoning.  In his hand he has a hot tool. Hot tool. There's an adhesive underneath there which is glare which is made from egg white and vinegar. You've treated the book with the egg white and vinegar before you put the gold in. Yes. And that will, that acts as a kind of adhesive which will stick the heat, activates the gold onto the adhesive. That's right. Just a simple center tool. The rest of the gold... We call that... Yeah, that's a 19th century term, isn't it? I'd call that a center tool, rosette. Now, on the other hand, this is another one of the big adventures of the 19th century. What is this? It's a blocking press or a foil stamping machine. When's that from? 1830s. Wow. Around the same time as a guillotine, what Charleston is doing there is he has a composite foil. It's made out of aluminum, probably, with a heat-sensitive adhesive on the back of it. Not dissimilar to the gold stamp. But it's not real gold. No, it's not. Although you can use it. I think they used to originally, didn't they? Yeah. And you can see it's heated up. There's a thermometer here. And you just go in like that. Just all there is to it. You can see once again that this is really for multiple... And mass production. And you can throw away the ones you waste, right? Yeah. Which is a good... It's 5% over as you always prefer. Right. Now pressing... What's Archibald doing? He's just putting it straight in the press. I think he's... I think he's pasting out the end paper, but the cover was already attached, so he doesn't need to do much pressing. No. Just close the book generally with a bit of glue in there. But Charleston... Charleston is... What he's doing now is he's going to wet the text block. Wet? I like that. The text block to the cover. Using a wheat starch paste again. Now what is he pasting out? This is an end paper, right? An end paper which has been attached to the book... tipped on to the book block. And very carefully placing it on the case. And the spine lining is glued on there also. Right. But it's only that that attaches this book. Not as strong. He does the other side. But done correctly it's stronger than you think. Making sure that the attachment is right. And it's all in place. Now he's placing it in this very large standing press. You can see... Oh, right. Much bigger than the one that O'Largeable was using. Metal press. And the boards are a little different too. They have a metal ridge all the way. So that the spine of the book, the joint of the book sits on top of the metal... So that little groove on the strip. And you can see all the boards leaning against the wall there. So you can do about 50 or 60 books at a time. He's filling the press up with what's called furniture. Oh, that's very nice furniture. Where's that from? The Redwood Forest, I believe. Oh, nice furniture. Don't tell him. Oh, no, okay. And now he's closing the press with... He will put quite a bit of pressure on there to keep the books from warping. Yeah. You can get in there overnight. Is it true that the pressure increases overnight from one of the books? Yeah. So there you have it, John. Yeah. Wonderful, wasn't it? Wonderful. Thank you. Wonderful. Thank you very much to Charleston, to Mariton. Yeah, consummate craftsman. Yeah. Well, Archibald, certainly. Yeah. Yeah. Charleston's trying. Well, give him a B. Yeah. I'll give him an E for effort. But thank you very much for joining us. And we hope that this... We hope you've gotten an idea of what happened in the hundred years in Charleston Claw. Mm-hmm. Maybe they'll give you an idea of what happened on the inside. Sure. And if you're interested in doing some research of your own or looking at some of the wonderful stuff that the Special Collections has here at the San Francisco Public Library. Yeah, the San Francisco Public Library Special Collections. Take a look at the Graborn Collection, which is a wonderful collection of books about one of the best collections. Absolutely. It's a great place to do research and to book history of any kind, especially book-binding world. Then the Handbook Binders of California is a local group which covers the whole state. We're based here in the Bay Area. Binders and findery enthusiasts. We can put you in touch through the library with them. Yeah. And Dominic is the editor of our Journal and Newsletter. Oh, yes. But John, I have to say, is our new president. We're very excited. He's the first president under 80 that we've had in almost 50 years. That's right. And we hope that things are going to be better. So from John de Merit and Dominic Riley, thank you so much for joining us. And I'm sure we'll see you next time. Back to our reading. Yes. Goodbye. Located in the heart of the Bayview District at 5075 Third Street, the Bayview Anna E. Wadden Branch Library is open Mondays and Tuesdays 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Wednesdays 1 to 9 p.m. Thursdays and Fridays 1 to 6 p.m. Saturdays 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. and Sundays closed. 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