Now that we're not raving and don't know what is mastering right now but remember you always have his mixes. Every single Friday I pack on your wife to fight for a rave time 11 p.m. Harding Wari. So you don't have to go to the club. You don't need to go to the club. You can keep social distance. You can isolate. You can self-quarantine. The VDJ Khalifa every single Friday from 11 p.m. Harding Wari. My name is Bayi Bosa. It's Bayi Mohan. Every social media platform and this is Social Friday. And Social Friday is basically a platform where we get to interact socially because there's nothing like social gatherings right now. So we do it online. So our Facebook page is Y254. Our Instagram page is Y254 channel and our Twitter page is at Y254 underscore channel.  Facebook is our place of focus.  Do you think the president is a prezzo and a factor he locked out. Now people have mixed reactions towards this particular topic. And that is what we like. Mixed views so we can come to a consensus in then. That is what Social Friday is all about. Another thing that Social Friday is about is putting out or putting on people who are building their businesses online, building their brands online. And Lady Hilda is one of them, an artist from Kangundo. And now during the music she's like a few months into her career and she's here to tell us about it. Your camera is that one number four. You'll see the eyes of your viewers. Tell them what your name is, who you are and what you stand for. Hello, I'm Hilda. I'm from Machakos, Kangundo to be precise. I'm an artist but I'm an accountant by profession. You're an accountant by profession? Yes. Okay, music is in January. Okay, one drove me into starting this music career because I'm thinking accountancy. Music, I'm passionate. I love singing. I love writing. Since when did you know you loved singing? Since high school. But I used to sing but I didn't know how to do it. See you. And don't stand this. But I've been writing. Are you quoted to saying you were a member of the Christian Union in high school? Yes, I was. Are you doing gospel music as you used to be? No, I'm not doing gospel music. Where did the rain start beating here? Coimpersecular doesn't mean you don't believe in God. I still believe in God. God is for everyone. I have messages to pass. So I think and believe that whatever it's on my mind or writing through music, it might be the targeted person. Okay, I like that. I'm looking at your Instagram. Before we get to the song, your YouTube and everything, you have a tendency, a characteristic, a tabia flag in what I'm saying here. What is it? People always have something to say under their pictures. But you just let the picture of that and let it speak for yourself.  Let people get what they want from the picture. The picture should speak. Yes. Okay. I like that. I like that too much. So, I have a Twitter account. I'm not even on Twitter. Okay, you're not even on Twitter. Yeah. Okay, you have a brand new song called Moyo. It's fresh on YouTube. It's getting some love. It's getting some traction. What is Moyo about? Moyo is about love. Generally, it's about love. Love. Yes. So love is a topic that is very dear to you. Yes. Why is love a topic that is dear to you? Have you experienced love in ways that you never imagined? Yes, I have. Okay. We're waiting to hear this experience. I'm not going into details, but I have experienced love. You have experienced love. You're not going into details. All right. So, this is what drove me into writing the song. This is just an imaginary story. Is it your personal story or just your imagination when you took on nandika composition? Most of my song, it's personal. It's personal. So, when you listen to Moyo, check Lady Hilda on YouTube. When you listen to that song called Moyo, you're going to know more about Hilda because our songs are always personal. That is it. How can they catch your social media? On Facebook, on Instagram, it's Aida Hem. On Facebook, it's Lady Hilda. Hilda. On YouTube, it's Lady Hilda. All right. So, let's talk about music. You started your music in January, guessing you were scouting for producers left, right, center, which producer did you land on? Who produced more? Um, Estizo. Estizo. Produced Moyo. All right. What producer, what, how did you end up with Estizo? I was directed by someone to Estizo. Okay. Ladies, when I was setting up, I was like, I'm going to be doing an entertainment industry song, right?  You know what I'm talking about? My DJ want to talk, my producer want to talk, what media want to talk, is this something that you can say that we're going to look for your producers? Have you heard of this before? I've heard people have different views on producers, but I can't say anything negative about my producer. Yes. I think it's all about connection with person. You get to learn this person. It's very important to learn the person, that is wisdom. Yes. And at the end of the day, you must retain your respect. Your respect. Respect is very important to you. Yes. Okay, I like that. After finding this producer, how was the process of recording like? Because I'm trying to imagine you have the sounds in your head, but this is like your first, first days recording. How was that experience like? Getting into the studio and then you listen back to yourself and you say, ask Wendy, how was that experience like? It was fun. And I heard the best director actually. So I guided him, he helped me balance voices. So I was good. You were good. The producer is doing as well. All right, so how was the video? The video was with Kim. Kim. Yes. Kim is the director of the video. Yes. All right. Where was the video shot? Komarok. Komarok. All right. Komarok is not that far from Kangundo. No, it's not that far. So that's how the environment is. I like. Okay. Who came up with the concept of the video? Sorry? Neneli, come up with a concept in your particular video. We have someone known as Rikala... Rikala came up with a script for the video. Yes. Okay. So after Neneli came up with the script, were you satisfied with your work? Did you feel satisfied with it? I was satisfied. You were satisfied with it? Looking into the future of your career, what are you seeing? No, I'm taking each day at a time. So I believe tomorrow will be different from today. Tomorrow has to be different from today. You're not going to help on this question like that. Okay. Just tell me, what is the vision? What would you like to achieve then? I just want to encourage maybe young ones. Like yourself? Yes, because I know I have someone looking up to me in music actually. Yes. And that is the person you're doing it for? My name, yes.  Those are the people you're doing it for. For encouragement to musicers, for encouragement and for preaching love. Yes. That is it. Okay, I love that. So just remember your social media handles again. Instagram is Ida Hem. On Facebook, it's Lady Hilda. And on YouTube, it's Lady Hilda. Okay, Lady Hilda. Another one, the last one now. Take on a Swali Facebook. There are cases that coronavirus may have won something. New cases, they won something. People are saying, ah, we need to have a lockdown. We need to have a lockdown. And what's your take on that?  You're patient. Okay.  Me as an individual, what am I doing to stop corona? So we are supposed to take care of ourselves, take care of our families, take care of our friends. Wash your hands, so we can come in. Yes, and wear a mask. Wear a mask. Wash your hands, so wear a mask. Keep social distance. Stay home, come and connect your man with a financial. And the rest of them. I feel you, Lady Hilda. So Lady Hilda took in Malizia. She called me, she said, okay, this is Lady Hilda. But she called me Y254. And she asked me if I could come in. She asked me, she asked me to come in, so that I could come to California. That is your camera right there. Thank you. She said, yes, you can come in. And she said, yes, you can come in. And she said, yes, you can come in. Okay. So Lady Hilda, what is your request? I'm Lady Hilda Hilda, to call Y254. Next is some more by Lady Hilda Hilda. Uh-huh. So Lady Hilda. Lady Hilda, you keep requesting. So that we can have it on the playlist. That is Lady Hilda for you, all the way from Congundo. And this is Social Friday. We just like to promote Kenyan content. We just like to push Kenyan music. That is it for us. So we are going to be playing Lady Hilda, Lady Hilda's song. And then we'll be carrying on with the playlist for Social Friday. And then we are going to, we are going to be coming back to read your comments on Facebook, as you guys have answered the question really nicely. Okay. So, uh, if we can go to Facebook, I'm told comments is in Mengiasana. Can we get Facebook? I'm seeing comments coming in on my phone already. A lot of them. Can we get Facebook? Okay. Can we get Facebook? Okay. Facebook is going to be coming in a minute. But yes, Facebook is going to be coming in a minute. But I'd like to, I'd like to give this chance to me DJ Khaliba to tell you guys where you can find the mixes and where you can find them on social media since Pianapata Swally about the DJ on my phone right here. Anyway, okay. What is a message you can have, you can be having for Hilda right here? Because Hilda started her music in January and two months into her career, Coronavirus. I'm, I'm gonna something trending. But I'm going to gain get on. Be serious. Be serious. Just as it is. But by the way, it's true. If you're going to hit, go with something in a trend size. But. What's the stake when that's too long? Which I'm going to gain get on. Please guys. Not TikTok. Not TikTok. I'm going to do TikTok. I'm going to go back. Okay. So here we go. We had a conversation with VJ Khalifa about TikTok. TikTok, if you know what TikTok is, what is TikTok? You know TikTok. Yes. But I'm not on TikTok. It's not so. What I mean is you go at a Khalifa, you go. But, Khalifa has, I have an opinion about one woman about TikTok. And I say one woman about TikTok, one of the two ambassadors is, what is she? She's a girl friend. She's a girl friend. I'm sure she's a girl friend. Do you agree? TikTok, I think it entails a lot. It entails a lot of things. So, I'm not going to go on TikTok. I'm just going to try mob. Try mob, please. I'm just going to try and do it. I'm just going to try and do it. I'm just going to try and do it. When I go to a Khalifa, I'm just going to do it. I think this TikTok conversation is going to be hot next week, but you guys are not going to engage your history. I'm DJ Kulipa, who is going to say live. I see what's happening on Facebook right now. What's the one comment on Facebook? Nahildot and Saidi Akidogo, from time to time. Do you agree? Yeah. That's all? Okay. So, Titus Walisana with Songa. And I say, I'm a fan of Titus from Duka Moja Narok. I'm a fan of Prezzo and he's the first one to say that. I'm a fan of Makaraotu, Do, and T'Oni Maana. I'm a fan of Makaraotu and he's the first one to say that. Hey, I'm going to take a selfie. People are learning from... ...omosciency. Omosciency. People are learning from omosciency. Comment on the picture. Comment on the picture. We love that. To put a face to the comment. What do you think about Hilda? I'll say... Show you, Titus Sana. Show you, Titus Sana. Thank you very much for that. Chris Moazzuna. I'm a fan of Showni Kiwa, Voi, Nime Chilli, and Margaret Tulu, Meenie, and Sema Wachai, Endeletu, Ju Lockdown, Nikito Leawa. I'm a fan of Ta Ziri Imali, who has a case of COVID-19. And Sema Wachai, because the team is called Accent... Omaira. The team is called Accent Trinity. Accent Trinity over here down in Nae Vasha. I don't know what to say, but it's an easy precaution. I'll say it later and I'll break the rules. The show is late. Go to my brother, DJ Fox, and I'll say it later. See you later. Okay, Rony. I'll say it later. I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. I'll say it later and I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. I'll say it later. See, I'll break the rules. Tony Bizon and Sema Wachai. Endel. Watching from Marafa. And Pongesha Shoddy, DJ Niemukali. And... I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. Nice one, right there. Nyansh Marathon Kuruka and Sema Lockdown is a quangumu considering the Kenyan economy because not everyone can handle the lockdown. Victor La Kazette and Sema Mourning are Victor Kutoka and Manga Bode Show. They're going to have a quangumu for the next few years. They're going to have a quangumu for the next few years. By stamina. Quicks Black and Sema Addy after total lockdown with a quangumu for the next few years. I'm enjoying the show. Thank you very much for that one elite demo. Nyansh Marathon Kuruka and Sema Mourning are going to have a quangumu for the next few years. I'm going to have a quangumu and a quack. I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. I'll break the rules. That's why I'm going to cover you. I'm going to cover you with a quangumu for the next few years. Thank you very much. If you treat this disease normally, it will treat you abnormally so curfew, it is easy to treat abnormally. I'm obviously going to do it but yes, I was told basically the curfew is all about reducing human interaction. Come out and interact 12 hours during their day, 12 hours in here, chances of us making contact with each other in increase. So it's just for reducing the chances that is what the curfew is for. I'm going to send a message up with a morning guys, show you what I'm watching from Vihiga, no otherwise, lockdown in Tulare, please DJ Chesha Moja, Jooma Jokes. Khalifa is a chaser here. Khalifa is a diva, diva, diva. They know T-Song, as you can see, is the Kenyan Drunk Association. Two non-Ella curfews who are illiterate, they are from China and OCO. So here in ONA, curfew, what work are you doing? I'm from China. You're from the Cobra. I'm from Tokyo. When they call you a trucker, you're from Tokyo. That is it right there. Okay, so do you remember Pongdoku? I remember him. I remember him. I remember him. I remember him. Do you remember him? I remember him. I remember him. He was a member of the Drunkers Association right there. Okay, Hazel Stevens and Asama V... Oh, okay, we have to bring that to a halt right there. We're going to take a short break. And this short break, we are going to be playing her song. Her name is Lady Hilda. And she has a song called Moyo. It's on YouTube. You can find that Lady Hilda at Palekwanya Instagram. Like, subscribe, share. And if you happen to love the song, keep requesting. So we can have it on the playlist. My name is Bayi Wasiz. It's my own social media. Vizika Leifam.


Famous footballing names meet at Manolay, Knox County and Bradford City both with former glories and current fan bases that demand more with ambitions to return to heavier heights as they cross paths today for the first time in over eight and a half years. Doing so in the fourth tier for the first time since March of 2010. The Magpies are at least upwardly mobile again after last season's promotion. Ended a four year exile from the football league. But having suffered semi-final elimination in their own playoff campaign at this level last season, Bradford are currently further away from where they want to be. Hence the recent arrival of Graham Alexander to oversee another fresh start and both but luck for a return to winning weights. When Halgwent off with concussion and a replacement, Daniel Oya Goka plays off the four half time with a serious looking shoulder injury. Both rule down today. Goka's gone back to his turret club Brent with the scouts on that shoulder injury. But awake news on how long he will be missing. It's a big ball for Nermade in behind but options super start for Knox County with a shade over four minutes play. They only played his part here. Nermade just held his run, got away from Lewis Richards. McGaldrick just staying on the side. And just able to look up and saw McGaldrick's presence there. He reached it ahead of Halliday. Goka does reach him. He walked his show strength to hold on to it. Brings Richards into it. He hoists across high and he cut with his target. The danger that was brought in support of the attack and it was close from Cook. He took a big swing at that and didn't miss by much. The older boot winner in this division last season and he scored 28 times and he cooked. He plays on one side, Jamie Walker on the other and he's really looking to Walker as something of a mentor at the moment. That guide the start of his professional career. He's called it behind. It's County a real threat for these positions in by McGaldrick. He's finding himself in the right place to make an excellent reflex save here. When it looked as if Langstaff was about to make it 2-0. Having switched flanks causing issues on the other side. Staff rising highest to meet it found Harry Lewis in the way. Came off the goalkeeper's knee. Over the top through the middle here which had been read by Slocum. He got there first in the goalkeeper importantly. But his face here for Crowley, slips it through. McGaldrick's made the run. McGaldrick! Lewis in the way makes the save. Here's Bostock. Back in the team today. John Bostock on the score sheet. Walked out higher up the pitch here. McGaldrick who got the first. Had a go at scoring his second. Back in by Bostock. Don't think Langstaff got a touch to it. He might try and claim it. Here's the shot whistle past him. Three points here. Would take them back into the top three at least until a little later in the day. Crowley. The ball through for Langstaff. What is his goal? That is what he does. And then finishes with an erring accuracy. Right back amongst the goals. He scored twice in the 3-0 victory here against Newport County late last month. Another double today. McCauley-Langstaff. McGaldrick. The ball for the man. He brought it down beautifully. Taking on Halliday this time stood his ground. Good work. Against the very real threat provided by the man. They force the way through again here before. Half-time. This is Crowley. This time turning provider. Played his part before Dan Crowley did the rest. That's his eighth league goal of the season. He spoke before the game about how the front three have scored 24 times between them in league two this season. Well, they've all got on the score sheet in this first half here. Lovely finish from Crowley. Really has hit the ground running since arriving at Meadow Lane back in June. Big impact that he's had on their season. Pensions elsewhere. Backlash in the second half, which was always likely certainly in the early exchanges of it. Challenge for Bradford. Here's Halliday. Picking up the pieces after it was cleared his way. A little bit of pick-up to the second half. Here's rewarded Alex Gilliams' effort. The old Sam Slocum. All in, I think, decisively on the way through the outstretched boot of Aidan Baldwin. That's what deceived Slocum, who couldn't get across in time to keep it out. Gilliams will claim his third of the season. Intensity in training, bringing the best out of both of them of the position just at the moment. That's a heavy touch by Sturks. Gives it away. Langstam. Looks it into space for Crowley. Clips it up towards McGaldrick. Holds off Halliday. Kept up by the... Can't get another go yet, McGaldrick. Oh, Harry Lewis in the Bradford goal. Dammit, could have been much greater already by now. Another case in point when Luke Williams was talking about the profiler player that they have been able to add. He wants to be part of the project, said Gosling when signing. Did have plenty of other options available. Bradford with options in attack. Graham Alexander signing in the second half. An instinctive finish from Walker. It's 4-2 in his part. And he was the one that credit that through for Walker to do the rest in some style. The first time. Comparison to the plaudits that came their way from that fabulous free-flowing first half. Provided a much-formed ball of victory. It is a much-needed return to Willingway. He set the successive defeat for Luke Williams this side. He's seen off Bradford City with something to spare. Not as much as they might have hoped. He let 4-0 at the end of the first half. He lengths up with two of those goals. David McGaldrick had set them on their way early down crowd event with a pick and a bunch he'd made it for in first half out inside. Graham Alexander got to work after that and he did inspire a second half. Revival from Bradford City have sought a much improved performance certainly from his team. As they halved the deficit and opened goal from Brimley they got another one back from Jamie Walker which hit it potentially at late drama. But they've fallen short in the end. They weren't quite able to conjure up the most unlikely off-come backs and they are beaten for the fourth game in succession in League 2. It's Knox County who started the play at the conclusion at Meadoway. A full-time score of Knox County 4 Bradford City 2. Thank you.


I'm delighted that I'm chairing this jury for the fifth year in succession. We've come a long way since year one. Our processes are far more robust. And I'm also delighted that this list has gained in popularity and in importance going by the number of phone calls most of the jury members and I received and that impact received also the number of nominations that we received. I can say with some satisfaction that this list has now arrived and it's a much looked forward to list by both men and women in our industry. In this year we made a few more improvements. For example, the data sheets we had on each individual woman was far more comprehensive and detailed than we've had in the early years. We've had greater diversity in the jury in terms of different jury members who are familiar with different aspects of advertising media and marketing which I think is very important. But still I think we need to make some more improvements which I think we will do as the years roll on.


The firms generally grant a call option on the bonds. The typical arrangement for calling a convertible bond are relatively simple. When a bond is called by the firm, the bond holder has two options. Either he can convert the bond into a common stock at the conversion ratio or the bond holder can surrender the bond and receive the call price in cash. Now in this situation having these two options what bond holder can do. Bond holder can go for conversion if the bonds conversion value is greater than the call price. So conversion is better than the surrender and if the bonds conversion value is lesser than the call price then surrender is better than the conversion. On the other side what is the option held with the firm or its financial managers. An optimal call policy can benefit the stock holders at the expense of the debt holders. So in this particular case a simple rule is that do whatever the bond holders do not want you to do. So we can see that there is a policy that maximizes shareholders value and minimizes bond holders value in the sense that the firm can call the bonds when its conversion value is equal to its call price. So this is the simple rule that may guide the firm in case of conversion of the bond. Now there is a puzzle that generally firms may delay calling their convertible bonds until the conversion value exceeds the call price. There is a reason behind this delay by the firms. The reason is that until bond holders respond the call the stock price could drop. This means that conversion value will be lower than the call price. So in that case the conversion option is out of money. The firm would be giving away money in this particular case. So this is the reason that most of the firms wait until the conversion value is substantially above the call price before triggering the call option.


Mobile is becoming a huge issue. There was one institution who spoke to me earlier that about 90% of their users are now accessing via mobile. But you know, on this panel, I'm sort of pushing for keeping the desktop and throwing the mobile away, in fact. Because if there's anything in this world that I could uninvent, it would be this. So way back when I was doing sort of just sales and consulting and that kind of thing, you know. I wasn't always being chased either by phone calls or emails and that kind of thing. You mean when you said phone calls? Yes, yes I know. I wasn't always there ready to answer a question by Skype or being asked to send some information in. And for students nowadays, they're getting the same kind of thing. They're getting these notifications from an app going, hey, you've got to quiz you. You've got an assignment due in 10 minutes. You haven't uploaded it yet. You haven't replied to that forum post yet. You're supposed to be in class five minutes ago. And it's this harrying thing. That's why when it comes to technology, I would just really like to uninvent it. Because I'd like my life back. I'd like my sleep back. I don't know how many people here actually figured out with these phones how to have a silent period at night. Yeah, I hadn't known that. I was just turning it off. So I really think that instead of throwing the desktop into the recycle bin, I think we should roll back 20 years and just get rid of mobile devices and mobile phones and reclaim our lives. But so the people here on the panel today are going to give their opinion on this general area and their experience from their different perspectives. So from the college, the university, and the corporate world, and also just from a development point of view. And I want to hear what your experience is. Because again, this is all about sharing. But that's where we're starting with. I think it's time to uninvent the mobile phone and get our life back. I feel a bit like Blofeldt and his chair here and Robin the cat. So from my perspective, I have two bits just to follow on from what you've said. And this is genuinely a true story. I'm saying I can't look that way because I'm blinded. So I'm going to stare over this way. About three weeks ago, I got accused based on the conversation that you just said about being always accessible and always doing it. I got accused, pulled aside within our faculty, by a professor and accused of workplace bullying. And I was accused, very serious, like there was abuse I was getting. But in the whole mind, it was because I had sent her emails after five o'clock. And I was sending emails at five o'clock and six o'clock and in fairness, the way I work, I was sending them at 11 o'clock. But it was the invasion that she claimed about the work email being on her phone and about her feeling obliged to answer it. So that's one angle. So I do accept your argument that there is that invasion and need to balance. But I also look at the potential. And maybe it's the energy in me. But I look at the potential as to what it can do, what the mobile phone can provide in an education context or small device if it's a tablet. Because the worst mistake, the thing that really gets on my wick when I hear teachers, educators, whatever level that they're at saying, everybody turn off their mobile phones during this class.  Like we run staff development sessions where we get our lecturers who aren't tech savvy, right, but their own confession. They wouldn't be tech savvy. And we would run a session on whatever it would be, whether it's Moodle or not. But we would have in-class polling. We would get them doing cahoots or get them doing z-things or whatever tool we chose with this device. And in seconds, the atmosphere and the class, the atmosphere in the room is incredible because we engage the people. We're not just lecturing to them all the time. So I would feel very, very strongly about the use of mobile phones and the potential that it has behind it. We have, in DCU, we have 16,000 students. We've, looking at our Google Analytics, we've 40% of our student visitors come from mobile. Now, we've recently got the Moodle app and we've customized the Moodle app thanks to one. Thank you and the team. And we're now looking at the stats from that about how many active users we've got. And that gives us metrics. That gives us justification to say to our lecturers, they need to engage with Moodle more because look, here's the facts and figures. And when you put it in their hands, when they're on the bus, they don't open up the laptop, but they'll open up the mobile device. Absolutely no bother. And I had a student, when I was teaching, before I'd given oral feedback on a particular assignment and I gave it as a trial test initiative and I asked the students for feedback on that process of audio feedback and one of them says, you're in my head on the bus. That was his feedback to me because he was listening to me on the way home on the bus. Now, he gave out to me about that, but that was only in a slagging way. But we brought the learning outside the four walls of the classroom and that's why that's important. So, I'm Peter from Leo. My experience is slightly different. It's in the corporate world. Now, I'm going to generalize slightly here, but in the corporate world, mobile delivery is now becoming king simply because people understand that everyone has a device. Smartphone penetration in the UK is over 90%. In developing markets like Brazil and South Africa, there are people there that have never used desktops but are active users of the internet, active people who are using tablets and phones and other things to access their content that they're producing. We're dealing with people who want to train their end, not just their end users, but their supply chain. So, it could be a garage. It could be a mechanic in a garage. Now, if you ever been to a garage and seen the computer they use, there's no way you're going to get a rich multimedia e-learning experience to run on a garage piece or a PC maybe in a hospital that simply runs medical studies or scans, that kind of thing. So, the change to those devices is simply because the user choice is there. 80% of multimedia content is consumed on mobile devices, on a tablet, on an app, not on a desktop nowadays. So, if people are going and spending 100,000, 200,000, 300,000, a million pounds on content, then they want to make sure that the experience the user feels is the easiest one they've got. It's not just because it's the device they want to use. It's simply because it's in their pocket already. They can target them wherever they are at whatever time they want to do. One of the main things they're going to do is return on investment as well. So, as soon as you get your users to pick it up, I mean, we'll talk about this more tomorrow, talk about analytics, but in the, I don't know about in the educational space, but certainly in the corporate space, we have to prove the value of these training programs. Now, if we're saying to them, well actually we'll use delivery method that everyone's got. It's in their pocket. They're going to have it on them. If we send them a notification, it's there right away. They don't have to send an email. They don't have to do comms. They don't have to send out any kind of face mail shot or something else like that. It's just there. And more importantly, they can do whatever they want. The choice is there that they could, there it could be, it's the employer, look, I need to do this on my desktop.  Or actually, as the guys were saying, they could be doing it on the bus. They could be doing it on the train. They could be doing it while they're sat watching these tenders, ideally not, because they're probably not paying attention, but there's that choice there. And that for me is the key thing with Mobile Directed.  You kind of teach them as well that their mobile device is something they can get learning through. You direct them to kind of that self-directed learning whereby you can say, actually, there's loads of other content on here. It's not just our stuff. Go on Khan Academy. Go on Udemy, anything else. And look at that other content in there. And that's incredibly powerful. So, I mean, we've been developing content, Leo, for over 30 years now. And we are completely sold out for doing a mobile first delivery method. All of our tools, something like 95 or 6% of our content is mobile accessible by default, out the box. We don't even care if clients don't want it. We just do it, because in six months' time, they may well say, actually, we wanted that. And then we'll be like, yeah, we did it bad. We didn't do that. So we just give it to them. And I think, yeah, that's what I want to say is that as soon as you empower the user to direct their own learning, do it at their own pace, to choose, then they want to. They may not want to, but they realize it becomes easier. So therefore, that want or need or requirement to do it becomes easier upon them. Thank you. Hi, I'm Becky Banton from Cornwall College, which is actually in Devon and Cornwall, which is a bit weird. I just want to start with a line from a song. I'm not going to sing it. It's from the theme tune of Octopussy. And all I wanted was a sweet distraction for an hour or two. And I think we'll all agree that this is what this does. And my students in particular do wander around with the phones in their hand. Having said that, when I look at the stats, we have about five students a week accessing via a mobile device. Nearly all of our access via Moodle is desktop. I think that's partly because we're quite rural. So internet access isn't always great. Having said that, they're happily on Twitter and Facebook or Snapchat or whatever in the corridors. So we know it's not all of that. So we try to promote the app to get people to download it so they can do some things offline and that kind of thing. And the feedback we got from students was very negative. So we looked into it a little bit. And really, the reason is because the content doesn't work. It's not designed for mobile. So my kind of angle at this is really more about from the user perspective and not going old techy and hard. It's using the really easy stuff that's already there. So instead of dragging and dropping, I love drag and drop, but it's been terrible from a development perspective. And we should be using the books and the pages and all that kind of web pages and things because it will work on a mobile device. It will convert to whatever size screen you're on without having to do anything. You can still embed all your nice bits and pieces if you want to and things like H5P that we've all talked about quite a lot works very nicely. On the mobile app, by the way, because I tested it yesterday, and is web responsive. So it will again adapt to the screen size, whether you're using Apple or your normal device. So my kind of challenge really is getting stuff to use those tools so that it is mobile first. It's not about making fancy things for us. It's about using what we've already got, but making sure it is used as first and foremost and not just uploading a PowerPoint. I think that's probably all I've got to say for the minute. Let's hand over. Hello. Well, my name is Juan Bliva. I'm the mobile team leader at Moodle HQ. I'm going to talk from a developer perspective. I want to say that we gather statistics every month, since like three years ago, about the mobile app usage. Not usage in Moodle sites, because we don't have access to those sites. It's more about usage of our notifications infrastructure, downloads from the stores, well, this kind of statistics. We have noticed that, for example, when we are talking about push notifications, that are notifications that the Moodle installation sends to a user to a mobile device, we see exponential changes every month. Right now, we are sending 1 million push notifications per month, and that's a lot. And we are talking about only the Moodle site that are registered using our message server. And also, we have noticed that in the mobile forum, we receive a lot of functionality requests or questions from teachers. Two years ago, most of the questions were came from site administrators or partners that were testing the mobile app. But we have noticed that right now, we receive a lot of feedback from teachers that are using the mobile app in their courses. They are trying new things that they want to know which model works better in the mobile app. So we have been noticed lately this change that teachers know that they should engage students using the mobile app, so they have to develop their course materials, so they work nicely in the mobile app. We are working to make that happen easily to teachers, and we are working hard to make the mobile app very user friendly. For example, for the next version of the Moodle 3.3 and Moodle 3.3, we will be supporting new activity models, in this case, the lesson, the feedback one, and the database. Because they were widely requested in the last months, because there are a lot of teachers that use the lesson model, and other teachers use the feedback model or questionnaires similar. And we have also teachers using the database. So the only one missing model for Moodle will be the workshop, that it seems that nobody uses it. I know that there are people that are using it. But well, the good news is that we will be supporting everything in six months. This is our contributions to teachers, so they can create nice courses using all the Moodle features to engage students, to make them use all the potential of the mobile app. So thank you very much for your contributions there. I think it's a very interesting space at the moment. But so what's your experience? I'm afraid, Gavin, I've got to challenge your numbers. What was your percentage of mobile use you were quoting? There was one, which one? Well, you banded a number about earlier. OK, I thought there was one around that had 90% uses for this one particular. So because what I've got here is our data from our VLE at the OU. And I've got data going back to July 2014. At that point, it was about 65% desktop use and kind of 17%, 18% for each of mobile and tablet. And fast forward to the latest data that arrived yesterday from March 2017, desktop, 65%. Yeah, it's surprising. And the only thing that's really happened is that, strangely, mobile has crept up from about 18% to 25%. And bizarrely, tablet has gone down from where it started at 17% to like 10%. And that I really don't understand. So what's going on there? Because the argument you're presenting is hugely plausible, but we're not seeing it in our data. And if anyone's going to be studying on the bus, it's probably going to be an OU student. So it's really an enigma. Well, I'll sort of query that. So are your course materials and are your course activities designed to actually be mobile friendly? Do you promote the fact that they can use it on mobile? Do you have the Moodle mobile app enabled and promoted on the site with smart banners? We don't yet use the mobile app. Those people who came to our presentation this time last year will know we have a beautiful new responsive theme, and that's been live since September for some modules. And even before that, we did have mobile themes. But do you promote the usage? Because it is quite interesting. When people are used to using an interface with desktop and they see it in this large screen, unless they've actually said, hey, you can use it on mobile. So is it marketed to your students at all? I guess two things. First, I think we don't think it's our place to tell students which device they should be using. Our site should work on whatever they want to use. The other point is, when the iPad first came out and people were wondering, what is this thing? A thing that was commonly sent was that an iPad was a content consumption device. And it really wasn't so good for generating content, so posting to a forum. So maybe that's an aspect of it that maybe OU Study requires a bit of input. Don't know. OK. I think just to say something on that, actually, there's a key point there. It's the difference in having your content accessible on a mobile device and having your content built and designed to work on a mobile device. Walls of text, long form content, that you just won't read them on a mobile device. I can't read more than about 20 lines of text on my phone before my eyes go. Just on your tablet point as well, that's an interesting point around tablet sales have actually declined in the past few years, simply because nobody can really decide what to do with them. There's just no killer use case for it. They're too big to put in your pocket. They're not powerful enough to create with, as you say. So they're just dying out slightly. But also added to that is the mobiles have got bigger screens. So it's actually easier to read on that. I think, to consent back, we're seeing a very similar pattern with others, but I think what's important with the mobile stuff and a lot of it is the context in which the information we're putting out there. We're not using the Moodle mobile app. We have a brand new app at our university, but it's not delivering learning content. It's delivering the admin around it, the information that's about the learning to then get to do it. And I think that's an important thing of what we're trying to push to the students in terms of what they get on there. The mobile is suitable. Not everything is going to be work. None of our students want to write their essays on their mobile phone. So I think talking mobile first, it's really going to be everything first, and that's problematic for us in terms of creators of content. But like you say, I think it is about offering the choice to that, but making sure we're using the right context to deliver the right information to them at the right time. And that last bit, I think, is the really key thing with the mobile stuff. It's not just the right time. It's also the right place as well. And that really changes the way I think it's happening. And we're seeing spikes of more than 50% access to our VLE normally, around about changeover periods. So they're coming out with their lectures and we're an on-campus university primarily, and they're going on to the VLE on their mobile phones to see what's next, what they have to do next, not actually doing it next. And I think that's a pattern which we're seeing quite commonly. Thank you. I love the idea of the mobile app, and I think having a responsive site is fine, but it can still be a bit fiddly, depending on the theme. My consideration is the way the course is written and structured is that many courses will have been written for a traditional desktop use and to maybe then configure those so they are not full of text and more mobile friendly. So you almost want two versions, almost like a course light. So my worry is how do I, as someone who works as the head of online learning, but has to work with a curriculum team, turn around to them and say, so how are we going to reconstruct this course so people can engage with it fully on the mobile. To me, the mobile app is more of a complimentary tool to the desktop or full web version. But I wish it wasn't. I wish you could. I do think that if you look at what's different between the app and responsive, there's one fundamental thing, which you had mentioned, but actually notifications. You can't tell that student where they are next, automatically five minutes beforehand. So we've been all getting notifications for the different sessions here if you're using the MoodleMood app. So you know that such and such is starting next. So if your calendar in Moodle was telling you, hey, your class is next in 121 or Room 101, whatever it might be, that's something then that you actually are using an app for, which the website isn't going to give you. And you do have to look at that level of, and that is admin, coordination, communication, or messaging them, you know. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. A lot of the comments so far have been around if we build it, they will come as long as the content is right for mobile, then people will want to use it on mobile. Some feedback I've had from students in the past is that mobile devices are their personal devices and they use them to look up stuff they're interested in and talk to their friends. They don't necessarily want to be getting a push notification from their tutor telling them their assignments due on their personal device. Have you got any sort of insight into the student voice on this sort of issue? Is this something which students actually want to engage with in that way? Anyone? I think I'd agree with you. We just did some focus groups with our students and I've been eyeing the Moodle mobile app for a while, but it really wasn't something they were interested in because we also have an institutional mobile app and this is just one piece of it so they already have push notifications through that, timetables through that. It's not within Moodle. Moodle is one piece of the ecosystem in the institution and receiving other things than they want to is not necessarily the case. Just if I can answer that if you don't mind the app, one of the things that we're looking at is that I'm interested in learning analytics but one of the things that Juan pointed out to me actually with the app is you can look at not how many downloads, obviously that gives you a little bit of information but behind in the Google platform how many active users you have how many people have downloaded and then how many have uninstalled it will either back up or argue against your comment. I'll let you know in a few months time. It's also something we need to look at research. There's been a lot of research put into millennials and how millennials relate to learning but not to, I've forgotten what the next group is called but essentially if you look at the way tech is changing we're moving away from an app based ecosystem into the bots and the always on architectures whereby text message becomes king or real speech becomes king and these guys that you're teaching are growing up with that as their experience. We all grow up probably without the internet just coming, they're growing up with AI and how do we we are the wrong people to be saying how we respond to that unfortunately but I fear that nobody yet has done enough kind of research into how do we meet the needs of those people. And is there like a kind of a point of view from the focus when I'm on my phone and I'm just quickly checking on Twitter or Facebook it's just a snapshot and something quick when I'm going to learn something my mind isn't in the same kind of mode, I'm focused and I want to work through it and possibly because of my agents what I'm used to and being on a computer but when I'm sat in that kind of mode, whether it be on my tablet or my phone or whatever I work very differently to how I just quickly pick up my phone and look at things and I agree I think it was Dan and over here saying that they are different things and I think we need to enable people to choose which one they go into but I think it's making a one size fits all and you have to do it on one platform or the other probably isn't the right solution. So, sorry just to answer the question I actually did, I was part of a research project institution quite a large institution and it was interviewing the students and it was titled The Student Voice and I went round and physically asked them what they used technology for, like whilst they were studying. Mobile wasn't it was barely considered they would like it just to be able to check their classes were on or if they were cancelled but it was very much a laptop or going to the library and getting the materials even if they printed it off the data for that has been published and I can signpost that but it was quite a small cohort was that focused sorry just on learning provided by an organisation or a self-directed as well was that focused on just learning pushed by an organisation or an institute or on self-directed learning as well so learning they just do in their own time it was more the institute that was just the brief that we were working under but then that's the next phase of the project which unfortunately I'm not there anymore so I can't tell you how that's going but it was quite surprising the results that it was very much more they wanted the mobile just for the quick access is my class on maybe working appointments but for the actual learning it was still laptops even desktops going to the library well it is interesting that there has been a move very much towards nano content and because if you look at the percentages and I can't remember them off the top of my head are the times but the actual amount of time that a user will engage in one session with a phone it's around 15 minutes I think it's about 15 minutes for a tablet just under the hour for the sort of laptop desktop and so if you're going to want to have something in the pocket and a huge amount of corporate training now has moved towards this nano content because they want just in time learning and so that you want to have small videos, small quiz, small assessment within that time frame of the device that they're using now there was some statistics last year there was a share of total digital time spent July 2016 desktop 32% smartphone 50% sorry smartphone 57% but of that so 50 of the 57 was via apps and a lot of this is self directed learning it could be Duolingo or things like that so they do learn but unless you actually have really thought about making not just content but the course structure the assessment suitable how can they use it you're not going to read a three page PDF on something like this unless you literally have nothing else with you you know I must admit I'm boring and old fashioned I print out documents to read them take out a fashion editor just boring and old and we'll be fine you're mean I would prefer to read a long document on my phone and just scroll through it as I'm going through much more than I would on screen okay so I guess it is well it always will be a user preference next sorry over here so I think following on from that point Chris Whitham from the NHS Leadership Academy the program that we've seen the best engagement with was a program we did for 5000 nurses and midwives and right from the outset we decided that the program design would work around busy nurses lifestyles not around the devices that they would be accessing on so it was a mobile first platform but it worked on IE 8 there were takeaways everything was downloadable so you could consume offline or print it out but you could also digest everything from a phone or a tablet or a battered old hospital network PC in the middle of the night but we made a decision that no piece of content would require more than 10 minutes to login do it mark it as complete and get out so that it would fit around that lifestyle of you know short tea break in the middle of the night picking the kids up from school just having 5 minutes in the evening so I think yes we can design for mobile or not for mobile but as we've already said in 2 years, 5 years, 10 years those devices will have moved on we'll still want to be delivering content so let's think about lifestyles that we're designing for whether that's students or nurses or corporate people and then work out what that means for our program design just picking up from Rebecca's point really the reading a long piece on a phone for example and the difference between you might read it on a phone I'll read books on Kindle on my phone on the train for example but I wouldn't write one on it so it's the difference between the content creation consumption again and a sort of linked one that the entire title of the the panel, should we throw away the desktop or design first for mobile why why not use the desktop and design first for mobile again it's using the right tool for the right purpose you can design for your users whether they be nurses or whatever to use on a mobile or any other device we'll be doing that set quite happily at your laptop or your desktop it doesn't have to be one or the other next besides being very quiet by the way I will start picking on you I was going to say it's a further thing to what I've just said there it doesn't so much feel that the delivery mechanisms the problem is how do we get all of our content producers give them the tool chain the content production pipeline to get there I think we can see we see stereotypically the old professors not engaging with the technology doesn't want to change how can we put transform what they're doing into this new format without massive retraining without transformation I think there's a really interesting thing for where Moodle sits in terms of it's the content pipeline for many people now and what does that need to support to actually allow to bridge that generational divide of it like because I think the delivery mechanisms are there the techniques are all there in the mobile apps like you say it's the content to fit it and how do we bridge that gap between the two I guess it comes down to if you look at journalism in the past few years if you take someone like The Guardian for example they for a long time were printing broadsheet newspapers and they're journalists they simply didn't convert over to a modern app based ecosystem to a lot of those guys were gone and now when you look at how they produce content it's journalists creating copy that are then given to somebody with that expertise they're saying here is my source material go and make this work in that way I mean it's in the same way that you wouldn't necessarily expect a lecture I don't know to be able to lay out a desktop publishing lay out a book they'd go to an expert to do it it's a question of whether we as learning people need to change our skill set in actually becoming digital content creators and maybe taking that expertise and saying to our people give me the content and we will make it work for you it's maybe not something that everyone could ever be skilled at but I think that also goes back to what I kind of started with is actually realistically we're not able to do a lot of that we have to let our teachers make our own content and it is finding those really nice and easy things to do I think what we tend to see is some really fancy things when we see things online they're all whizzy and they're made by people who are experts and have had the time and the money to develop that but that's really out of the reach I think for many of us certainly in the FE sector and so it's about saying actually I know you like your PowerPoint because you're going to use it in your classroom situation but instead of thinking think about how your students are going to access it later and instead of using PowerPoint why not put it into a book or emails or whatever and present from that and then all of a sudden this becomes it's more available and it is more of a challenge but it's just those easy wins I think probably are going to be more achievable than saying we'd love and then just have all the nice fancy stuff made by experts for special occasions I think you've stolen my point a wee bit there I was laughing when one of your panellists said they should design for mobile because in my long experience most academics have been designing pretty crap content for decades and when we moved to ICT supported learning it got even crapper and I could just imagine what it was going to be like if you asked them to do it for mobile now that said I'm not too boring or too old fashioned but I think the quality will be awful Anyone else? One of the problems we've been facing with the app is that inside Moodle we have all these wonderful tools to create content like course formats and text filterings and helping the students to start at A and end up at Z giving context to different activities and then you open the app and you show it and it's just the list of activities again and you're able to make the transition from having a nicely formatted course nicely in parentheses and then going backwards to the app How do we deal with that? Well I don't know Juan maybe should answer this afterwards but I think that if you look at how people interact with apps and what they expect from how apps look and how they list content people who were designing really nice fancy pages or whatever in course layouts that isn't what people are looking for from an app they are looking at it basically I want to get in, find what I want do it, get out it is a complete immediacy need and I think that's different the interface methodology has to be different for mobile for that reason I do think that there's obviously space what the gentleman said about bad course materials working with lots of organizations I've seen people who refused to give up their private handwritten notes and they would lend it out to students beginning of class and then collect them back up again and not allow them to photocopy it it wasn't a digital copy of any of their notes for their course and that was a higher rate Not DCU, what do I do for the record so any of my clients here was none of them or ex-clients, it was none of them it was somebody else but that ranges from that to where I've seen the best impact is where there are experts so it is the learning technologist going up to a lecturer who has no clue they have no technical skills and doing it for them because one usually the learning technologist's salary is a lot lower than that professor the professor is going to do something a learning technologist does it twice as fast it's a multiple of times cheaper to achieve so why aren't we doing that why aren't we making it one of the things that we because we offer that service in my organization but there is a perceived threat that if their stuff goes online then they're not going to be needed anymore and I think that is for some, I don't know if that's an experience but for some people we offer this saying we'll do it all for you and they just don't want to engage whether it is for that reason or they just don't want to hand it over but we try that's our approach and we do get some and we're getting some good stuff but not nearly the amount that we need and I would be interested to know if everyone else has that same issue we've taken quite a radical approach occasionally we've just locked out the HTML editor all you get is heading 1, 2, 3, 4 bold underlining image because that's the only way you can reduce content that works on the mobile app if your lecturers are going to chuck a load of HTML it's not going to work, it's going to look rubbish no way they're going to do that they're just going to drag and drop their PowerPoint on they're not going to even attempt to look at the HTML editor am I right, I don't know if everyone has the same experience okay at the very back, Mary actually bounce it off somebody's head sort of like a skipping stone you don't agree with that maybe bottled water with this catch box isn't so good the first time I threw it I knocked over 4 bottles I was aiming for 6 I think I was there Gavin, that was last year wasn't it it was I'm Maggie Jensen from the University of Gloucestershire one of the things that I did after your presentation last year about the Moodle mobile app and the experience of using it at the conference last year was I went straight back we sort of promoted it but not really promoted it at the University the year before just made it available because students were wanting to develop an app of their own so we thought well there is one already so let's give you that but after the conference last year I went back to the University and I was sort of saying to staff you've got a fantastic potential interactive tool here that can support you in your actual session so in your lectures and in your seminars and I know that's going what I'm sort of hearing here is there's sort of a division between a new style of teaching and learning and then the traditional style of teaching and learning which is quite significant I think so the context for how we use the app is probably very important also in terms of the content creation but the main thing that I think the real power that I see in it at least where we're at at the moment is very much that sort of engagement, that interactivity that it can allow staff to have with students and also with forums for instance you can set up a forum you could start to have a plenary at the end of a session or a discussion at the start bring it up on the sorry I'm a bit nervous so I can't remember the word now but you can bring it up on the screen so that people can see it and they can engage with that and you've got your surveys as well and your feedback tools and your quizzes sort of interspersed a lecture or a seminar session with a little quiz half way through to check knowledge that's where I see one of the really great uses of the mobile app where we're at at the moment what you're doing there is that I would highly recommend it all the time and I think the messages came out from a few people just in different terms is you're leading with teaching not with the technology and that's the way to do it you're proper use of the teaching and integrate technology to support it whether it's desktop or mobile or tablet or whatever but that's a good example of leading with the teaching okay so we've just a few minutes left so is there anyone else who has any other experience that would like to sort of contribute to this has anyone here tried mobile and then just said no we're not going to go with it okay so any last final words hello sorry hi it's just me you're heading behind the lights I'm sorry I just thought I'll just give as we're coming towards the end and obviously there's no research behind this this is purely anecdotal I was head of teacher training at AFE college one of the biggest changes we saw over a five year period which supported the roller and Moodle was the changing in the in the course that we actually revalidated the course of the University of Essex and over the next five years what we're looking at is we said to we're looking at mirroring your classroom online as best we can and all our teacher training course was videoed and everything we had was online so they were experienced as students and then they rolled it out as teachers and we found that was one of the quickest ones in which they were learning the HTML they were learning all sorts of things and just give another bit of history I I think we need also remember when word processing came out I'm old enough to when I first started teaching have a secretary because I wasn't allowed to type four years later I was using word processing now take ourselves five years ahead I know we talk about tutors and teachers not having those skills but we are talking about very intelligent people that if they wish to learn it and have a need and can see it and have the time and the resources that I think it will happen in time and just to finish off sorry taking a lot of time I'm having the pleasure of working in a secretary school at the moment teaching stem subjects in a secondary school and I started using mobile phones with them and was shut down in the first week so we're still by by head teachers so there's also the cultural barrier that were hidden as well so we still got many of the things we had I believe five years ago okay thank you very much for me I sort of sum up by saying your answer your choice really depends on your audience and what works for you might not work for the college beside you or the industry beside you or whatever the case may be look at your audience look at your learners and design for them and I would say specifically designed for someone because if it don't design for someone you design for no one and in that respect that should steer the way you design your content sorry just wanted just wanted to say Kent we've actually implemented some of our own activity resources etc on the mobile app there's a bit of a steep learning curve but once you've done that the students then have access to all the content you've developed in a nice mobile friendly format I don't have the numbers here we do know that in previous years we probably had maybe a hundred users on the mobile app last year and we now have over a thousand users on the mobile app so people are using it whether it's a five year gap or a five month gap I think probably depends on the establishment I guess my only comment would be we've had the app store for nine years now yeah whatever we do we're nine years behind at the moment the Apple App Store launched nine years ago just think about that don't get left behind again I just want to say that the mobile team appreciates the feedback from teachers so if you want to give any positive or negative feedback please you have the Mural for mobile forum in Mural.org we always reply there we take care of teachers so we know they are our potential users so if you have anything to say or ask please go to the forum so we can learn well thank you very much to the panel and thank you very much for participating I'm hoping this evening that we will certainly have further discussions and maybe warm up some of those discussions about AI learning analytics for tomorrow as well so the MUA is having its meeting downstairs now and drinks are at seven I believe downstairs in the exhibition area as well before we will then be back here for dinner here hope to see you all thank you very much for coming


Almost the last session of DrupalCon. My name is Greg Dunlap, moving my initiative. And this session will be to tell you all about that. It's actually really heartening to see this room full of people that's interested in what's to come in Drupal8, which, you know, we still have a while before we get to see, you know, the certainly good crowd. So I'm going to services and website consulting company. We build sites, we do consulting, awesome things. We do it for some of the largest, for some of the largest media and it's an exciting place to work. What we do is we run a site called Drupalize. I mean, interested, almost half price. It comes down to, these videos are created by some of the most first site building for setting up development for all sorts of things. Those are really amazing resources. So, onto configuration management. So a brief history of this is that in past versions of Drupal, it's been very difficult to stage, configuring one site to another. So, one of the reasons that that was difficult is because in both versions of Drupal, we kept all of the content and the configuration in the same database, sometimes in the same tables, all mushed together. So it was really difficult to separate it out and only push your configuration and not your content. And if you push all your content, then you're going to overwrite stuff that's on your live site, including and especially for sites that have a large amount of user-generated content, like comments and forms and ratings and all of these things that make modern sites great. And no centralized way to manage configuration, all of the pieces of core modules did it their own way towards the middle or the beginning of the Drupal 7 cycle. Some of that started coming together. SeaTools and exports started to become modular, started to become a little more mature, but there was still a lot of problems. And so, we needed to provide a centralized and common functionality for everybody to use so that we could make building sites. And so, at Drupal in Chicago, Trees asked me to be in this initiative. I've been working in this sphere since I started using Drupal six years ago, and it's pretty much been the only thing that I've spoken or meant. So, I was really happy to sort of be able to run this initiative and put it down by myself when it's finished. So, first, a word of warning. This is Drupal 8. It's still in progress, freeze or beta at this point. So, all of, and here are all of the information that I'm about to forward towards the user testing in bug fix mode. Some of this, the general concept is critical. So, what is configuration? Configuration is basically all of the stuff that makes your site what it is, but that isn't the stuff that your editors and your users want. So, that includes things like views, image styles, your users and permissions and roles, your content types and fields. Basically, your settings, anything that isn't your site's content is configuration. These are the kinds of things that you, as a site builder or a developer, editors take those things. So, again, in the past this has been a big difference. So, what is configuration management? It's the ability to take that conviction site. What is CMI? CMI is, as I said before, it's the initiative for, it's the configuration management initiative. So, let's get down to business. How does it work? The first of all is that configuration is now stored in files. It's been taken out of the database. The database, I think the CMI initiative has eliminated something of the order of 50p. Every time one of those patches lacks and removes something from Hook's schema, my heart soars. A lot of the tables will actually remain because they may be needed by country modules for upgrade path purposes, but they won't be actively used. So, your configuration is stored in files. That means that not only is it just stored in files, the files are the canonical location for the condom. So, if you were to sit there and make a change in the, this is what those, as an example of what one of those files looks like, it's in a very popular machine-readable format called the HEML. It's reasonably easy to write and read. As you can see, it's not, it's not like reading an XML file.  It's very straightforward to be moving this configuration out. And so, when you install Drupal now, there's quite a few of these files. They, they're both installed. You get 175. That's a lot of files. But on the other hand, it's really great because it means that you can stage stuff very crannily. You have a file per set of settings, like a settings form, an instance of a piece of configuration. Like, there's a file from each view for these files, and they live. I'm always really happy. So, you've got all these files. What do you do with them? So, as you work from site to site, of course, it's interesting when I started putting this, this, when I started putting this presentation together, I felt really shat. I was like, well, but it makes sense, it's really straightforward. So, what happens is that when your site is installed, a directory is created in that files area where all of your public files are stored.  The garbage letters are required so that random people from the outside world can't surf into that and what is called staging. Configuration that is currently live on your site, the configuration that's being written discussing, the staging directory contains configuration that's new, that configuration from your source site, from your sources active directory to your destinations staging that and so that's sort of the configuration from your sources active directory to your destination staging. How does that work with automated deployment and version control systems? Because usually what you want to be able to do is just sort of pull from one directory into the other and have it go live. You can set which directory is active and staging in your settings.php and so your active directory on your dense site in version control is actually your staging directory on your live site and vice versa.  So php is actually your staging directory on your live site at first but because this is a more advanced use case I didn't really mind adding the extra complexity so that the simple situations where you do this two directory system because when you have canonical files that are being written we have to just move files from one site to another while those files are actually still live because you've got this potential for the stuff that you're uploading originally and when we first developed the system we only had one directory and even just in testing we started running into that but I would move my live stuff from my dev to my live server and then I would realize my live server was messed up in some way and I'd go change a setting and I realized I had a problem so we had to do this two directory system. So once you've got the files moved from one site to another what do you do? Well you have to go there's an administration screen in your plate that does this if you look here it shows the changes that are about to be imported to your site out of defenses between about this is that you cannot do imports piecemeal or cherry pick and you've got staged works for this so that we can make it also makes our life a little easier from the UI and trying to sort of met with this was that we can make a basic UI that's function for core but we fully expect addressing more complex use cases so if you're configuring you can see the differences and what you do. It's that straight forward. I was going to do a demo today but one of the types seems silly to do a demo without that because it's the first thing getting this to see this in place it's really it still blows my mind. So on some of the more advanced features of this we've worked with or this ties into the internationalization initiative that Gebel Gromsey has been running and so there's a lot of really cool features that are coming. It's not quite sure how many of these are going to live in your core but I thought I'd show them to you. Here is for example the site information and it'll show you the so in this case we've got Hungarian installed and if you click the edit button it'll show you the translatable pieces of configuration that you can translate and save back to you. One of the interesting things to note is that there are three pieces of data on the site information form here. The site name, the slogan and the go to translate there are only two strings there to translate because of course the email address is not translatable it's not a translatable string and that's one of the things that we added into the configuration system was the ability to flag which pieces of can translate but just because a piece of configuration is not translatable you can still use the address based on the language that your site is. You can still do that. There's another system that is an edit system and it basically allows you to contextually change configuration based on a wide variety of things not just language but domain name or phase of the moon and so it allows you to contextually change things based on all this information and I think we're going to see a lot of cool use cases for that. So anyways back to this here are the two things that I wanted to mention and then those translations are saved and when you use them Gary you'll have those translations available for you. Additionally in cases where we have listings like this it adds a translate to it so you'd be able to do it that way too. This integration is really core because again we've never had a centralized system that makes settings.php and control modules that are very complicated or have this level of integration. So what else the configuration management system has some stuff that's still to land. The thing that's to come is that if you're used to using for instance views this sync warning it creates snapshots of differences between your active and staging directory so that you can see not only the differences between what you just uploaded but also the differences between what was there the last time you uploaded and what recently is this idea I've done is add a view and I should be able to use a very natural and the system. If you try to deploy an instance of a field to exist or the field definition doesn't exist it's very difficult to make that stuff work and in fact in the field system because it does a lot of room messing around with database tables it can really screw up your site bed. It's also unreasonable to expect site builders to understand work through something architectural. If your site's configured easier is the ability to do one click that uploads of your entire site's configuration. This patch was written to Australia so we're really looking at some pleading edge stuff here but basically what you would do is you would go to a page. You can see that very useful description that he has in his patch there.  You choose the file you'll upload lose the ability for this and you would still be able to do it. It means that people don't find your strangely named transfer to the curriculum which is something that we've been kind of concerned about being too confusing for users. Abstracted away so that users because those tools that I just described would also be there in the back and if you want to do fancy deployment or if you're in a trip and you want to do other things you still could use and easy to understand way for this to happen but I wanted to talk a little bit about how the initiative system has been really new this year and triple Pointeries asked me to meet this initiative so that was 20 of us. That's true of our core developments and son, right? And so for the first year or so I supplied my time and struggled trying to make that work and so I did a fundraising drive. Worked full time on going. That was really amazing. It would also of course be really interesting to do and we're still working on it. If you're interested in getting involved in core and you've never had before there's a Springtime Friday that's being run by the core mentors. They're a great team of people well experienced and interested and highly encouraged. It's really cool. Dries will do Dries and Alex and though if you're interested in getting involved that's happening Friday. I highly recommend it if you're interested in getting involved in projects and all sorts of things. That's all I've got. If you guys have questions then there's a microphone and the things that you can do is then the ability to override your settings using the confere which is the same thing that you've been able to do in Drupal 7 and versions of Drupal before will still exist and the ability to create civic settings that way will still exist but I also predict that very, very quickly after Drupal 8 will be released in the text system somebody will create a series of context plugins which allow you to read out of settings what your settings based on that context. So both of those I would, I mean the one I definitely know will be existing. The other I assume will exist very soon after we launch if nobody else does it out for me. I just wanted to say thank you so much and for all the work that you've done on this and congratulations and I think especially navigating the community and everything some of the hardest work as well so I just wanted to say thank you for that. But also definitely have a lot of questions and they all seem like they just kind of keep going. So I'll just take a couple of them and see if I can not just evolve into a spiral of crazy questions. But I'm okay. So I actually had a similar question to her about the Sykes.php. So is that basically mean that every all configuration is now a part of the conf array or is there still that global conf variable or something that's the global conf variable is still there. I mean basically the way that the system works right now is it just to see if something exists in conf and if it is it uses it, period. So that global conf override still exists. We did add a new system as well to the just lost by trying to thought there. We did add a new system to Drupal this development cycle. It's called this is the most intuitive title invert. It's called the setting system. And what it is is it contains so state information differs from configuration in that it's environment specific. So for instance, the last time Cron was that stuff that's specific to your environment. It doesn't need to be employee. So that system exists as well for a lot of that kind of stuff because the variable system is you won't have the variable system to use for any of that stuff. But we needed something else and so you've got the setting system. Also is the state of modules enabled or disabled stored in configuration? Yes. And it will be deployed and the actual files the actual writing to the files when modules are enabled and disabled is all done and the system table is gone if anybody is interested in that and state. And yes, you will be one final question. It sounded like the config directory is actually world readable. Is that correct? It is correct. It actually has to be because it has to be writeable by the web server and the files directory is the only place that we have in a file install to do that. Ever in settings.php you can place that directory anywhere you want including outside of work. Let's see myself and I'm sure a lot of people in this room have come to rely on the future module for deployment management. So I'm hoping you can just talk briefly about what you see in the future sort of speak a little bit about your thoughts on the future. Yes, sure. I've talked about this already. Basically like 75% of the code in features module is one-off code. Two moves basically throw away like three quarters which everybody is always happy to be able to do. And then I think what's going to happen is that features is just going to become an advanced UI on top of CMock and focus on that and to spend all this time managing. I should point out that when I say earlier I said that you would have two files at once. There will be ways to how you're set up to partially deploy config for instance, if your staging directory on your own site already has a full set of config then you only need to deploy the stuff that teachers will still be able to ask things that they already do because they write modules that will be able to add on a bunch of additional functionality on top of CMI. So I fully believe that their future set will continually answer my question. I think I just saw like three people get out of line so that's great. I'm sorry it didn't answer mine. So I'm assuming that when people write modules that are being set then for example using news about its own dependencies so why not be able to just deploy view because you wouldn't get into that kind of a situation maybe with custom modules you might but with something like views. There are a few scenarios in which that becomes problematic. The original system we specified that if a piece of configuration was missing that meant that it was deleted but if you're not deploying your entire configuration tree then what is and isn't missing is an unknown quantity. In the system as it exists now I created the concept of manifest. It's one problem. Another problem is that views knows about its own dependencies but it doesn't know one so it's very easy to probably see in that case when we're using views and it says broken or missing handler and that's the exact problem that being said while the use cases where many parts of core are simpler the system is extremely complicated and I was very reluctant to design a system where I had to say to people you can deploy but in this other 10% if you do it your whole site will explode. Okay, I'll buy it. A lot of these functionalities off the record will still exist. A lot of them will still work if you know what you're doing. Have you given thought to a lot of stuff in table structures and the data? It was a very similar situation very early in CMI. One of the things that we talked about was the ability to provide feedback in a situation where in some cases the undue would rise if a trip module wants to provide it then it's their problem. So it's going to be my problems which you're saying? Yeah, exactly. So configuration can be rolled so it's a similar situation in 90% of the cases configuration can be easily rolled back but there are some things that Drupal core won't allow rolling back. So how does CMI do release if this patch that requires the presence of the full tree or to import lands then it will go back to doing the leaks by indicating the means that it should be the listing setting systems that stores things like when the problem was last week. Is that so much of the variables type or like a key value pair type? Yes, that's pretty much exactly what it is. Everything in Drupal has pluggable storage at this point. Even CMI has pluggable storage so if you're putting your configuration in DevNol is totally web scale. Does the secret part of it, does that change or is that set once in a while? It's different per installation so if you do anyone who doesn't installation gets it. So if you do an installation on two sites the key will be different unless you're also using two sites more and do what's more common which is that you simply so if that's set once per installation if that gets leaks then all the settings can be accessed by the web or is that protected via HD access? It is protected by HD access but even though it's the same on both places it's still randomized to begin with. I think that as a security measure we're going to recommend as best product that string is a 32 character randomized case sensitive string so guessing it is going to be. There are situations where it's very easy to forget to deploy your HD access I know that the most common one You didn't change the name of that directory after the fact? Yeah you can change it to whatever you want to and it's managed in settings.php The file system is enabled It was like 3 months ago and I don't have a quick answer for you right as I'm sorry. My last one is more of a request I just want to get away from this. Yeah I'm a writer and I've been truffles set of documenting for this I've also been hundering a multi-site Is it going to be a different configuration per site or is there going to be a possibility of a shared configuration between all sites and if there was a shared configuration would there be the possibility of doing just specific overrides per site? Because if I remember correctly you've kind of default all into the site specific files and they all have their own file directories So by that measure it would work with the same hierarchy that it does now and anything that's all would take prevent specifically tested this although I know we didn't run through it at one point but it should work under the same concepts that it is So I guess just to clarify for myself if just say you have a in-sites all you have your configuration directory and that gets shared across all your multi-sites would there be the possibility of having just like one email file for a specific site if you needed to just override Yeah I'd rather have an extra than that but on the other hand the assumption of this system as it stands now is that the full set of config that exists there is what's canonical of similar which is that for instance there's a big problem doing things like I've got a view that I'm using on 10 multi-sites and in one of them they want to have the settings for the master view cascaded down topics to it we don't have anything specific to mouse things that we talked about but it's not anything that So this probably exposes some of my lack of knowledge about Triple 8 but in 7 there are a number of things that are kind of our employee configuration in some cases I mean the content and others are seeing this shakedown where do you see these kind of like edge pieces My general rule that said a lot of things in Triple 8 have become entities so for instance many links to the one that you create Gileasing is something which is like 98% of what Path 8 uses are is content 5% of it is really tricky because there's another situation that I know we had problems with was the like list is in general you know this question of what's configuration features you can package views until little modules so since views is going to be configured modules that are installed across all the sites so then as far as the cascade goes you are able to override features on a per site basis those settings like an individual setting like the slideshow one that you mentioned and then the system in a multi site which site you are on BX for the system which I failed someone miserably had was to keep it extremely simple supports a lot of use cases and content system came out of that and so you do all sorts of things based on domain or somebody must write a module to do it and I can sort of say that's not my problem I mean these are tough questions that we only have so much time Just one quick I'm wondering about validation of some of the vitals the things that happens is at the time that you import if your file is invalid it's not added yet but it's going to happen a validation step the process of what happens in what order is extremely complicated so for instance you always need to enable modules before you do anything else then when it comes to validation you need to validate everything before you even start importing because there are various things that go wrong in the middle of an import and leaving your so it's like we have to do all of them all of the modules and then we have to do any import in the correct order so that the dependency so we've been talking a lot about how to get this validation done and make sure it's done right so that's not messed up but basically what we're going to be modules can go out and say I'm going to look at my configuration module's responsibility to do that aside for stuff that's really global like for instance I guess I want to say that first of all thanks a lot for getting to this point because we constantly have this problem of trying to obviously the more of this it's in some kind of text format that we can see the time stamps for changes this is just huge so again we can do whatever it takes to get it in to get and then use get the questions about performance and I'm kind of curious if you see this way of pulling configuration performance neutral as opposed to having the database and being able to there is caching in front of it the caching is pluggable just like everything else so mostly that's a problem that we've been discussing and don't have a lot of excellent answers to that may be something we just have to live in groups of configuration based on the path similar to the way that they do JNC JavaScript and CSS aggregation this would allow us to get all of the configuration for a path in one query instead of six that it's not performance neutral and always quiescent performance it's just the way life is abstraction and flexibility always paying performance I'll also point out that it's really a simple measure while the triple site is that when the triple site gets loaded the entire year the variables table is installed that's easily a lot of this stuff is just trade-ons I think what you just said was that you don't want to give some kind of a number at this point just to be feeling there's a yes you're correct and we're still in development and so it would be inappropriate for me to but then to say there's no doubt some percentage for the triple 7 the box is not a comparison to the triple 7 we didn't have views and we didn't have blah blah blah and so it's all it has to develop the context system and you were saying how can it be that it's pretty mature if there's a reason why I'm hesitant to make definitive comments on it is because it was largely written as a part of the multi-legal initiative and I'm not enormously familiar with the code and it's code Bejose, Raiero, and Gamerholtzy who are so if I'm hesitant it's only because I personally can't see that code path in my head but these are exactly the kind of use cases that we design the context system to be around so that's exactly what the kind of stuff that I would expect it to be it looks like that's it so thanks a lot for coming enjoy the rest of your day