Hey guys, what is up? Welcome to my channel. For today's video, I'm going to be reviewing the Vizy Art Petty 4 Collection for the holiday season. I am so excited about this Vizy Art. You have spoiled us. I totally feel so spoiled. We just got this amazing launch of the Bijouette and the Kashmiri palettes and like this was enough for me. This was all I needed from the holidays for them, but we just got four little cutie quads that are just adorable and beautiful. Thank you Vizy Art. We did not surface, but definitely made my holiday season better. If you want to see my thoughts on all of these quads, a tutorial using each all that good stuff, then just keep watching. So if you're new to my channel, I love Vizy Art. I've been a longtime fan of them for years now at this point. Even since before I started my YouTube channel, I use their eyeshadows in my makeup kit and I am constantly using them in my everyday routine and reviewing them on my channel. I know that I've introduced many of you guys to Vizy Art as well, so I know a lot of you are just as excited as me. These new quads are really adorable and very festive. I want you to take a look. You can just tell right here from the side of the components how festive these are for the holiday season.  About a year ago, I'm not sure of the exact date, but they launched four. As you can see, these are a little bit more subtle, more wearable, absolutely beautiful. I know so many of you guys loved these as well, but look how much more fun this year's are. They've stepped up the packaging. The color stories are a little bit more bold, but they're still wearable enough. So I know you guys would definitely appreciate these color stories because they stepped a little bit outside, but not so much so that we would feel uncomfortable. To introduce the palettes, they say roar into the winter party season. This is our celebration of all things luxe inspired by the iconic French and American 1920s jazz age full of fabulousness. I just love that. I definitely feel like Gatsby 1920 vibes from this. The color story is definitely reminiscent in that the names of the shades were reminiscent in that as well. Really, really thoughtfully done. So in this collection of four, I'm just going to quickly show you what we're going to get. We have Garnet, which is the warmer of the quads. Then we have Bouillon, which I think I'm thinking New Year's with this one. I love it. It's neutral, but smoky. We also have Lapis, which is a fun blue one, but it still is a little bit more wearable. But this one's a nice pop for those of you that like colors.  So I even wore green for it because I'm really excited about this one. Each of these quads are going to be $25 each, which I mean, okay, $25. It's not going to break the bank, which I really enjoy. But I do acknowledge $25 is still a lot just for four shades. But Vizier's ain't no cheap brand. They are professional grade products. The formulations work in that way as well. You can tell they're for pros. I ordered these off of the Vizier website because of what I do for a job. I just, I got to get my hands on these as soon as I can. But they actually launched this morning on Muse Beauty Pro, which is typically where I prefer to order my Vizier stuff because I do get a pro discount. And what I love about Muse Beauty Pro is of course their shipping is great. Everything comes well packaged. Customer service is great.  They don't limit the new items for the discount as well. So I will have the link to that down below. Yeah, so let's talk about these quads. This is not the first time Vizier Art has launched a style palette like these. About a year ago, like I said, they came out with their first kind of trial of these. And these were absolutely beautiful. I know so many of you really enjoyed these and held on to some of these color stories and used them a lot. But they're definitely a little bit more subdued, more wearable. So we definitely took a jump this year into something a little bit more exciting, in my opinion. And I love that Vizier Art has started decorating each of the outer packaging of these. I'm a big packaging person. I know not all of you are. But I really think even just adding these designs here added so much more personality to the palette and it made it more of an exciting experience for me as a consumer. So just this little touch of detail, I feel like shows that they're making the effort, but they still are staying true to their typical style packaging. Now the size of the pans are going to be the same size as the Itando palette. So if you have Kashmiri, Bijouette, Minkset, Grande Pro Volume 1, this second version that they came out with, most of the palettes that they've come out with this past year, I think they're shifting over to this size. All of these are interchangeable. So the way that Vizier Art creates these palettes is they're super duper easy to take out. So if you have the Grande Pro 1, which is huge, or you have the Bijouette, you can easily for travel just take out your four favorite shades that you need to create a look.  So feel free to interchange and mix with any of the sizes that match. It's super easy. And again, that's what makes Vizier Art a pro brand. So from this point on, I am going to focus on each quad individually. I will have timestamps if there's only some that you are specifically looking for. So the first one, I think we're going to start off with the neutral one. So we're going to get started with Garnet. But each of these are going to come in outer packaging like so. All of these are going to be made in the USA and have a 36 month shelf life. This is one of my favorite parts of Vizier Art. Most palettes on the market have about a 12 month shelf life. Vizier Art's 36 months, three years. So these are going to last you for a long time. If the expiration date is something that you pay attention to. I love that you really do get your bang for your buck as far as longevity with these palettes. I mean the outer packaging I love it's very informative. You can clearly see what colors you're getting the names and it directs you to what the color is, the exact ingredients and all of that important stuff. So I actually really appreciate this. It's very, very handy. And then you just pull it out and you guys have seen this is what Garnet looks like. Garnet is going to be the warmer of the four. So I would say of the four, this one is definitely going to be the most wearable. So if you're a neutral person, this might be the one that you look into. And I apologize with my pronunciation of these. So I've never taken a French class and I looked up the names of the palettes, but I did not go deep enough into the names of the shadow. So we have Vaudette, cabaret, cordial, and pigalle. And here's what they look like on my fingers. Oh my goodness. Okay. Yep. These are going to be good. I can already tell just by looking at this. So Vaudette is a copper with a metallic finish. Cabaret is a golden bronze with a metallic finish. Pigalle is a pale vanilla. Oh, this is not Pigalle. This is cordial, which is a rich burgundy with a metallic finish. And then this is Pigalle, a pale vanilla peach with a matte finish. Oh, boring as it may be. You can't deny how gorgeous these are. And you can tell these metallics are very high quality just by these swatches. So let's get to application. For all of the looks today, I'm going to be starting off with my Vizzy Arts eye primer. So I'm going to do a pretty simple eye look for each of these just because they're only quad. Really want to show you the performance of each shadow. I'm going to start off with the matte shade right here. So this is the only matte in the palette. The rest of the shades are metallics. I'm just brushing this all underneath my brow bone. I did get some fallout with this, if you can see, but nothing crazy. Just be aware that that might happen. I'm using an Eesam S33 and we're going to take the Topi shade right here. This is a metallic shade, but I am going to use it as a crease shade. So I'm going to start off by patting it in the outer V. And this pool is a little bit more golden than I was expecting. It is stunning though. And I'm going to take whatever is left on my brush. We're going to blend it into the crease. So when you get a thinner layer of this shade and don't pack it on, it works just fine in the crease. But I wouldn't pack it on in the crease because then you're going to get something that's too golden and metallic. So make sure it's only just a haze of that color. So this can work as a crease color, though I do think I'd probably feel a little bit more comfortable maybe reaching into another palette for a matte shade. I'm going to quickly run that along the lower lash line as well. Can Eesam W21, we're going into cordial. And I'm going to apply this to the center of my eyelid. And with a brush, you can see this still has a lot of opacity. Really is gorgeous. I'm going to take the tip of that brush and apply cordial the center of the lower lash line as well. I'm going to blend out the edge. Sticking with this brush, I just wiped it off. We're going to finish off with vedette. This is going to be the inner corner color. With an Eesam T09, I'm going into the vanilla shade again. And even though it's a matte, I'm just going to use it to brighten up the inner corner. I'm going to use a blending brush, soften the edges. This is a really cute look for Thanksgiving. I would recommend maybe thinking about this during the fall time. It's really, really pretty. It's a cute look. And I did want to incorporate all four shades, but I think, you know, just using the red all over the lid, the orange all over the lid, even for only being four shades, you can get quite a versatile look with this. So I'll be back to show you the final look. Okay, so here is the final look with Garnet. I went pretty natural with liner. I just used the Natasha Denona brown liner and I put on a natural pair of Ardell lashes. And this is just such a gorgeous fall palette, very wearable. I would say of the four, it's probably the most dupable within my own collection, but I still think that this look is really gorgeous and the quality is stunning. All right, let's dive into bouillon, which I know a lot of you are going to love. This is neutral, but smoky. And here's what the outer carton is going to look like. It's not even a carton. What is this called? A sleeve, outer sleeve. And then here's what the component looks like. Oh my gosh, I am dying for this black and gold prints right here. I think it's so stunning. It's really vintage looking. I just love the looks of the metal shades right here in that perfect black. We have Follies, 1919, Brazen, and then Gilded. Oh, I, okay. Garnet was cool and all, but I'm definitely feeling bouillon. That's for sure. So Follies is a light gold with a metallic finish. 1919 is a medium gold with a metallic finish. Brazen is an antique gold with a metallic finish. And then of course, we have Gilded, which is a natural black with a matte finish. So the black is going to be the only matte, but I love all of the golden hues that we get in this quad. I love this one. This is such a pretty color story. It's wearable, but dramatic at the same time. I swatched it beautifully. Let's put it on the eyeballs. Okay, applying my primer. We're going to be very careful and precise with this, but using my Esom S33, we're going into the black shade. I'm going to do a halo eye. It's going to try and incorporate all three of the golds. So with this black, we want to be very careful not to over blend it because I'm trying to stick into only this palette. If I was doing this with other palettes incorporated, I would have put a transition shade down. I'm just going to go for it. So the black's quite pigmented. Slowly blend the outer edges.  So I blend and then I wipe. I blend and I wipe. If you don't clean off that brush, then the black is just going to end up everywhere and it's not going to be precise. I'm going to blow out this edge a little bit. We're at a good starting point. We're going to leave it there for now. Esom W21, we're going to start off with our antique gold shade right over here, the deepest gold. And I'm going to put it not quite all over the black, but I'm bridging in between the eyelid and the black. So it's slightly covering the black, but we still have the black peeking through. So we are doing that halo eye like I said. So we're starting off with this technique and we'll clean it up later. With that base layer down, we're going to go into the medium gold now. Leave some space if you can, if you don't have much space because you have a small eyelid like me, that's okay. I'm just getting placement down. Esom S31 and then we're going into the lightest shade. And then that goes in the center. So now at this point, we're going to work on building and blending because I know it looks weird right now. It will come together. So I'm actually going to reapply a little bit like the tiniest bit of black to bring out the smokiness in the look. Then now that all the colors are down, I'm using the brush that has some of the black on it just to bridge over everything to create a quick smoky eye to make it look seamless, blend the top. It's okay if they blend into each other.  Run the black along the entire lower lash line, taking the antique gold shade right over the black, the inner half of the lower lash line, and use the lightest shade to pop in the inner corner. Once we get liner and lashes on, you'll see the full effect of this eye. It's going to look really cool. Guys, is this not a New Year's Eve look? I am obsessed with this look. I used a black liner, big wing, inner corner wing. It really pulled together. I was worried there for a second in the beginning. I was like, oh, is this going to turn out how I wanted to? It turned out exactly how I wanted it to. Don't be intimidated by the look that I did. You can just use this as liner. You don't need to put it in the crease, or you can put it in the crease, and you don't have to make a halo eye. You can just make a regular smoky eye. You can just use the gold. It doesn't need to be dramatic like this, but I just wanted to show you the potential that it had. I'm feeling this. I'm really excited about this one. Honestly, for some reason, I wasn't that excited about this one, but now that it's on my eyes, I mean, I've only used two, but it's my favorite of the two. So here's the final look. All right, let's get into our blue friend Lapis. You need to take a look at the ingredients. Here it is for you right here. And then now we have a nice navy and gold combo, which is gorgeous. The print is the same on all four, but it's the color combos that are different, but so beautiful. And here are the four shades. It is a blue palette, but they still have some neutrals to pair with it. So we have 19th, oh my gosh, I'm going to mispronounce this, Bauhaus, Night Owl, and Blue Moon. All of these just feel amazing. This really is some of the best Visiart shimmer formulas. 19th is a golden nude with a metallic finish. Then we have Bauhaus, which is a silver with a metallic finish. Not the wettest silver I felt from Visiart before, but it's still good. Night Owl is a royal blue with a metallic finish. Blue Moon is a pale vanilla peach with a matte finish. Here are the swatches of Lapis with an Esum V29. I'm taking the matte shade. We're just going to use that to set underneath the brow. And I'm going to put some along the way of the crease where a lot of blending is going to occur. On an Esum S33, we are going to take the blue shade. I'm going to focus this in the outer V area. I'm not getting too much pickup from that. This is a blending brush. It's not a shading brush. Okay, now we're doing good. So I'm going to do kind of a similar technique where I'm focusing the color in the outer corner. And then with a clean brush, I'm going to blend it inwards. But first, I do want to put this in the outer third of my lower lash line as well. So we're starting off at a base point like this. So I've cleaned my brush. I'm going to blend the edges and kind of blend it inwards to the crease. I'm going to take just a little extra on my brush and blend it inwards. Okay, we're taking the W21 brush and I'm going into the tan shade right here. And I'm going to fill in this blank area on the eyelid. This is kind of like a close to my skin tone color, so it looks really pretty and shimmery. And blend the edges. Taking the Esum S31, we're going into the silver shade. Going to pop this in the inner corner. And then I'm getting it on the tip of my brush. I'm going to kind of blend that along the top of the inner corner. In an ideal world, I'd love to have a matte navy kind of put in this outer corner here. But it's fine, we're working with what we have. I'm going to take some more of that gold shade and run it along the lower lash line, just the inner half. This is going to be a really fun wintery look. I'm going to do liner and lashes and I'll be right back. I'm not going to lie to y'all, I was a little worried, but with the liner and the lash, another look that I'm obsessed with. I used a navy pencil to create the liner. I used a baby blue pencil in the waterline and then I have my lashes and it all comes together for this really fun kind of winter inspired look. I love it. All right, let's get into the one that I know you guys have all been waiting for. We have Peridot, which is the green one and green is the in color right now. So so many of you were curious about this one. So this one we have kind of like an emerald green background against the gold. Really a pretty, very 20s. And here are our four shades. And this one I would say of the four is one of the more user friendly ones in terms of the layout of depths here because you have a lighter shade, a deeper shade, a mid tone shade and then a super light shade. So it's a little bit more intuitive on how to use this one. So the shades here we have Illusion, Gatsby, Gimlet and Green Light. So here's what they look like. Beautiful. Illusion is a creamy, soft, neutral buff brown with a matte finish. Gatsby is a khaki green with a metallic finish. That one didn't swatch the greatest. That's better. We have Gimlet, which is a bright green with a metallic finish. And then Green Light, which is a forest green with a metallic finish. So this one is surprisingly wearable for being a green palette. I really like these shades. So here's an Esum G34. And we're going into the matte shade. This is just like the transition that I've kind of been wanting for all of the palettes. So I'm happy that they have a matte transition in this one. Taking Green Light because I kind of want this one to be the star of the show. And I'm just going to apply this pretty much all over the eyelid. It is beautiful. Look at that. Great quality here. Make sure you blend the edges. In an Esum V33, and I'm going to take the khaki shade. And I'm just going to use this to add the depth. Yeah, this one is easily the most intuitive palette. And I'm going to also use that khaki shade in the outer half of the lower lash line. I'm putting the green shade that we used. Putting that all over the lower lash line. Taking the Esum T09. We're going into the brightest shade. That's going to be our inner corner highlight. Low. And take just a little bit of my finger and use it to brighten up the center of the eyelid. This is like the easiest green look to create. I think a lot of you are going to like this one. And imagine getting this lime green all over the lid and then using this as a crease color. That would be stunning. Okay, I'm going to put on liner and lashes and you will see the final look. And here is the final look with the green palette. I really love it. This is like wearable but different, you know, and it was super easy to do. This palette is definitely the easiest to use in my opinion. You look at it and you don't need to be creative really to get the look that you want. And I love it. It's gorgeous tones of green here. All right, you guys. So final thoughts on these palettes. I love every single one of them. Every single one of them has an awesome formula, easy to use, a minimal fallout. So formulation is not a concern for these. It's just going to be which ones do you want? You know, what ones are you going to pick? That's the tricky part. I think $25 is a decent value. I don't think it's amazing since you are only getting four shades. But Vizier is a pricey brand and I don't think you will be disappointed at all. In terms of ranking them, here we go. My least favorite but it's still really good. It's just not my favorite color story is Garnet. But I know a lot of you like the warm tone neutral. So this one would be for you. My third favorite has to be Lapis and I love this one. This one is so pretty. It's just the one that I feel like I'd use the least. I love the look that I did, but I was yearning for a matte navy in this quad. I wish instead of the light shade, we got a matte navy. It would have been a perfection or even like a super dark brown that was really cool would have been nice in here. So I don't know. I still really love it. Number two, this one I did not expect to be top two. I love this. The gold shades in here seem extra buttery and creamy and I was obsessed with the look that I created. This one was probably the favorite look that I created. And I feel like even though it's three different shades of gold, they all look extremely different on the eyelid and that goes to prove the quality of his yard. So this one's really nice. And then just simply because I love the color story so much, Paredo is my number one favorite because I think it's the easiest to create a look with. You don't really need to dig into another palette. And though I created a very simple look, there's some looks that I have in mind that I want to create. And I'm really surprised with these quads, how creative I felt with these. Considering there were only four shades, I felt like there was a lot of different directions that I could go. And because I was limited to just such a small array of colors, I feel like I got a little bit more creative with the looks. And in some ways it set me outside of my comfort zone because they don't have the traditional mats that most people would expect in here. These palettes may force you to use a shimmer in the crease that you originally wouldn't think to use. But I liked that. It sucked me out of my comfort zone and it worked out really well regardless. So if you are interested in these, I definitely, I'm loving these. These are awesome. If you're new to Vizzy Art, they also just launched these Itando palettes. I have a full review on these. Kazumiri. Amazing. Bijouette. Amazingly fun. So if you haven't tried Vizzy Art, this is a great opportunity to dive in. I think you will really, really like these. So that's all I have for today's review. I hope you guys enjoyed it and found it helpful. If you aren't subscribed to my channel already, I would love it if you would consider taking the time to do so. And I will see you all in the next one. Bye, guys. Have a good one.


Alrighty, I got a construction update for you guys today on everything, because there's a lot going on yet again! This is absolutely crazy, the amount of refurbishments, enhancements, and preventative maintenance that's going on at Canada's Wonderland. So what you're seeing on the screen right now is welding, so they are welding behemoth's track now. This happens on every single roller coaster and structure in a theme park, obviously wear and tear. Super natural, super common, it's just a natural way of the ride cycle and it's lifespan. So there's going to weld any area that might have a hairline fracture, and that's exactly what you're seeing on the screen right here in front of you. So it's super cool, this is the drop on behemoth, they were also doing the helix on behemoth, and it's really awesome to see that because it's preventative maintenance that is needed to keep that ride living as long as possible. But yeah, there's other work going on in the park as well, so heading on over to Timberlough Falls, they are working on the concrete on the bridge. As you can see here, no concrete was done on the second half of Timberlough Falls, none of that is new. But the first half, the main pool area, and the drop area, and just the lift hill area is having a lot of work done, it's getting a brand new wood panels on the lift hill and two new chains on the lift hill as well. So that's really good to hear, I honestly thought this ride was on the chopping block, so this is a reality check that it appears that none of the rides at Wonderland are on the chopping block. So Wonderland might be going for the most amount of attractions at a theme park. Here is more infrastructure work going on at Front Gate, so those of you that have followed the channel, you know that they built some plumbing and electrical lines over there, and now they started to do a little bit more land clearing and pavement work over there as well. The Front Gate Fastlane building is already, fully ready for this weekend coming, and Sledgehammer is having that part it was waiting on installed, so that's really exciting as well. So as you can see right here, they're servicing, doing some maintenance work on Sledgehammer, lots of work going on at Canada's Wonderland. Also, Sledgehammer is looking really good, if anyone can comment down in the comment section, maybe I missed this, but did she get painted or is it just the way the sun's hitting her in this video today? Because I don't have any information on her getting painted, but she looked really vibrant. Here is Tundra Twister, they're moving the rising and lowering the platform, doing some electrical work under there. There is no op panel installed yet, so no op panel has been installed on Tundra Twister. They are still working on the actual electrical units for the ride components, so there's also an elevator right there at the exit side of the platform that they're installing as well. So still lots of work. Here is Super Soaker, looking all multicolored, but she's looking good. She's looking good. Outside of that, not much work going on in Splashworks, outside of them getting ready for opening. So that's really exciting as well. Again, this has been a really good off-season, lots of work going on. As you can see, still some few little burn marks. A really large team of multi-company, multi-industry personnel working on Snoopy's Racing Railway today. They had landscapers, soil workers, people working on the wood structures for the second launch, electrical company, you name it, they're there. So the ride's not testing. There are too many people working on Snoopy's Racing Railway. From what I understand, you should see testing Thursday night on both rides. That is the goal, that is what I'm hearing through the grapevine. So Thursday night, as soon as the sun goes down, you should see some testing. So you know where I'll be Thursday, until then it's just going to be construction updates and rising and lowering platforms and maybe pulling a train forward once and twice here and there. But yeah, the ride should start cycling, commissioning, and all that Thursday night. But yeah, that's all the information I can pass on about that. And yeah, so I guess I'll keep some music and a little bit of footage of some Tundra twister with the platform going up and down as they install some electrical. They also got some concrete work they still have to do. So yeah, anyways, thanks so much for watching today's construction update. Hopefully it uploads in time and have a good one. See you tomorrow. Bye.


Welcome, I welcome you all to this lecture in the course Sandhi in Panini and Grammar. We have already studied at Sandhi, Hal Sandhi and Visarga Sandhi. We have also studied some part of the Swadhi Sandhi and we continue to study the next part of the Swadhi Sandhi in this particular lecture. What is a Swadhi Sandhi? Swadhi Sandhi is a Sandhi which substitutes the Swadhi suffixes, Su Adi suffixes. And this substitution happens in the specific environment of deriving a final finished form called Pada which is embedded in the derivation of a sentence. So here we have a template structure of a sentence in which there are three small square brackets within two big square brackets. These three square brackets within the two represent the Padas. Each Pada internally is composed of a Prakruti and a Praktyaya with the plus sign indicating the combining of both of them. So the Prakruti and the Praktyaya they make up a Pada and the Padas make up a sentence. As we have already seen the definition of Vaakya is Ekating Vaakyam. So there has to be one thing at least in the Padas in the Praktyayas. So there is one Praktyaya which is thing and the other Praktyayas are Sup. And the Prakrutis of thing and Sup are Dhatu and Pratipadika respectively. Dhatu is mentioned as Dha and Pratipadika is mentioned as Pra on the slide. So this template structure of a sentence gives us the picture of the Praktyayas Sup and thing on the right hand side of the Prakruti in the Pada. So this Sup is called Swadi over here. So if we consider this as a generic template of the sentence representing the earlier mentioned specific form of a sentence, we see that the right hand side which is a Praktyaya which is a Sup Praktyaya over here has got a final element which comes into contact with the first element in the second Pada. This is the Prakruti element. Similarly, the Sup in the second Pada comes into contact with the first element of the third Pada and then this final element in the second Pada and also in the first Pada this gets modified by another element over here and also over here. This is modified in the environment of the first element in the second Pada and this is modified because of the first element in the third Pada. This is precisely what is called as Swadi Sandhi. This is what we have been studying so far. So Swadi is generally referring to a Vibhakti defined by 14104. Vibhakti means Sup and Thing. Sup are 21 suffixes which are added after a Pratipadika or a nominal root and are stated in 412 and Thing suffixes, they are added after a verbal root or Dhatu and they are stated in 3478. The term Vibhakti also applies to some other suffixes, Thrall, etc. But as far as Swadi is concerned, there are only Sup and Thing. So what is the Swadi Sandhi once again? If you have Ramas plus Gramam plus Nayati, 3 Padas where Sa occurs at the end of the first Pada followed by G in the second Pada. So this Sa gets substituted by Roo first, then U, then A and U gets substituted by O and so we have Ramam, Gramam Gacchati or Nayati. Similarly Ramayana, Gramas, Gammyate. Once again Sa comes at the end of the second Pada followed by G in Gammyate. So the same process happens and Sa is substituted first by Roo, then by U, then A and U get substituted by O and we have Ramayana, Gramam, Gammyate as a sentence. These are the concrete examples of the Swadi Sandhi and there are plenty of examples in the literature of this particular Swadi Sandhi. These are the sutras dealing with the Swadi Sandhi, Sasajishoruhu, Athororapulutadapulute and Hashicha. This we had seen before. In the previous lecture we also saw Bhobhagoga, Apurvasya, Yoshi and part of Halisarvesham and we also looked at a part of Bhobhagoga, Apurvasya, Yoshi. So Apurva in 8, 3, 17 means the Roo which is preceded by a and by the word a, by the sound a all 18 varieties are referred to and so short a as well as long a they both are the conditions, the environments for this Sandhi to take place. In the previous lecture we saw examples where a was the environment, short a was the environment.  So part of Halisarvesham is what we are going to study in this lecture and then there are some other sutras, some exceptions that we also study in this particular lecture. Namely Roo Supi, Rori, Ralope Purvasya Dirhona, Etattadosa Lopo Akovaranai Samasehali, Sochilope Che Padapuranam, Prathamayop Purvasavarana and Nadi Chi. Let us first study Bhobhagawa Apoorvasya Yoshi. So Bhobhagawa Apoorvasya Yoshi is A317, Bhobhagawa Apoorvasya Yoshi is A317 and this sutra means immediately before Ash that is all vowels plus her plus semi vowels plus consonants 5, 4 and 3 in place of Roo which comes immediately after a and which is also a part of Bhobhagawa Apoorvasya Yoshi is substituted by year. I repeat immediately before Ash all vowels plus her plus semi vowels plus class consonants 5, 4 and 3 in place of Roo which comes immediately after a and which is also a part of Bhobhagawa Apoorvasya Yoshi is substituted by year. So here are the examples, we have Ash plus Ash this is the input where sir appears at the end of this padha followed by preceded by A, earlier we had seen examples where this sir was preceded by short a. Now we have long a. So a plus Ash this sir gets substituted by Roo, so we have a Roo plus Ash now A317 applies and substitutes this Roo by year I plus Ash. This is the example then what happens that next stage is what we are going to study now. So we have Lopez-Shakalyas here A319 which applies over here which says that immediately before Ash in place of year and work which come immediately after a substitute 0 odd deletion in the view of the grammarian Shakalyas. In a nutshell this is the view only of Shakalyas and not of any other grammarian especially Panini and therefore this is an option. So to re-read the meaning of the sutra is immediately before Ash in place of year and work which come immediately after a substitute 0 odd deletion optionally. So to put it in the form of an equation we can say that if R plus year or work plus Ash if this is the environment then in place of year or work substitute 0 that means delete them. So you will get the output R plus 0 plus Ash and this is however optional output in the other option this particular form will be retained and since Ash also consists of consonants here is another sutra which says Kali Sarvesham which also applies in the same environment. So it says that in view of all grammarians in place of year which comes immediately after a and which is part of bhos bhagos and aghos substitute 0 odd deletion I repeat in view of all grammarians in place of year which comes immediately after a and which is part of bhos bhagos and aghos substitute 0 odd deletion. So to put it in the form of an equation we can say that bhobhago agho a plus year plus hull eventually this means hush and then the output generated is bhobhago agho a plus 0 plus hull eventually hush. So this is how the two sutras Lopasakalesya and Kali Sarvesham will apply and the end result would be something like this on the left hand side we see ach as the right hand side environment which is of course part of ash and on the right hand side we see hush as the right hand side environment which is also the remaining part of ash in the environment of which Ruh is substituted by year. So let us look at the left hand side first if you have bhoh slash bhago slash agho slash a plus year plus ach this is the input and the sutra bhobhago apurvasya yoshi a 317 applies and substitutes this year by 0 and this is done optionally. So you can get this form as optional form as well and now when we turn to the right hand side on the slide we see that bhoh slash bhago slash agho slash a plus year plus hull that is hush in this case year gets substituted by 0 permanently by all in view of all grammarians. So this is the output and there is no optional form when hush follows. There are some other sutras which we are not dealing with in this particular course which also tell us that this year over here this year and the earlier this year they also become laghu praetna tara and so on that we reserve for the next level course. Now here are the template examples first we take the examples where ach is the right hand side environment. So we have r plus ach as the basic input this sir gets substituted by ru so we have aru plus ach and this ru gets substituted by year so we have i plus ach and then this i plus ach becomes the input and then what happens then this year gets substituted by 0 optionally this is what states these this particular set of examples template examples. Let us look at it one by one.  Similarly r plus a and we have aru plus a and then i plus a and then r 0 plus a optionally similarly as plus e is the input and then aru plus e is the next derived state then i plus e is the next derived state ru is derived by sasajisho ru here is substituting ru by bho bho gogho apurbhasya yoshi and then lopasakallasya applies and this year gets optionally deleted so we have r 0 e optionally then you have r plus o and then next aru plus o then i plus o and then we have r 0 plus o optionally similarly r plus ru is the basic input from which is derived aru plus ru and then i plus ru and then r 0 plus ru optionally then we have r plus lu and aru plus lu then i plus lu and finally r 0 plus lu optionally similarly r plus a is the basic input from which is generated aru plus a from it is generated i plus a and then lopasakallasya applies and substitutes this year by 0 so we get r 0 plus a optionally similarly r plus o and it gets substituted by aru plus o and then i plus o and then this year gets substituted by 0 so we have r 0 plus o optionally derived form then we have r plus i as the basic input from which is derived aru plus i then ru is substituted by here so i plus i and then lopasakallasya applies and substitutes this year by 0 so we have r 0 plus i optionally and finally r plus o is the basic input from which is derived aru plus o then i plus o and finally r 0 plus o optionally these are the template examples and now let us study the concrete specific examples which illustrate these templates so first of all let us look at r plus a and here are the cases devas plus api in this case sir becomes ru ru then becomes here and then this year gets optionally deleted and we have deva plus api as optionally derived form then we have devas plus ahu where as is followed by ah then sir is substituted by ru ru by here and this year is optionally deleted so you have deva ahu similarly devas plus ih where as is followed by e sir is substituted by ru then by here and finally this year is deleted or substituted by 0 so we have deva plus ih optionally then we have devas plus utha where sir is substituted by ru then by here and finally this year gets optionally deleted so we get deva utha optionally similarly deva ritham devas plus ritham is the basic input sir is substituted by ru ru is substituted by year and then finally this year gets deleted and you get to form deva ritham optionally then we have devas plus lukaram sir is then substituted by ru then by year and finally year is optionally deleted so we have deva plus lukaram this is optionally derived form similarly devas plus adhante and we have deva ru plus adhante then ru is substituted by year and then year is optionally deleted by 0 and so we get the form deva adhante then we have devas plus om and then sir is substituted first by ru then by year and then this year gets deleted and so we get the form deva plus om optionally then deva plus akhyam so devas is the basic input devas plus akhyam sir gets substituted by ru by sasa jushu ru 8266 then ru gets substituted by bho bhagav ho apurvasya yoshi 8317 and then this year gets deleted optionally by lukashakallasya 8319 so we get deva plus akhyam with year deleted or devayakhyam with year retained similarly devas plus aushadham sir is substituted by ru ru by year and then year get option gets optionally deleted so we get deva plus aushadham optionally similarly bho s plus akhyam and sir gets substituted by ru ru by year and year is finally optionally deleted so we have bho atman similarly bhagav s plus atman and sir is substituted by ru ru by year and then year is optionally deleted so we get bhagav atman and finally aghav s plus atman sir is substituted by ru by the sutra sasa jushu ru is substituted by year by the sutra bho bhagav agho apurvasya yoshi and then year gets optionally deleted by the sutra lukashakallasya so we have aghav plus atman optionally now we have aush plus hush we have seen aush plus achh we already stated that if aush is followed by aush sir is substituted by year now we have seen the examples where aush was followed by achh now we have the example where aush is followed by hush and then sir is substituted by ru so aru plus hush is the next step derived then from this we derive i plus hush and then we apply halisarvesham and so this year gets deleted in view of all the grammarians so there is no option so here is the equation of this aush plus hush sir gets substituted by ru ru by year and then year gets deleted year gets zero substitution and there is no optional form here are the examples first is shivas plus hasanti where her follows aush sir appears at the end of the p other so sasa jushu ru who applies and then we get shiva ru plus hasanti then ru gets substituted by year so we get shiva plus hasanti by the sutra bhobhagavago apurvasya yoshi and then this year gets deleted permanently and so we get only one form shiva hasanti similarly shivas plus yanti sir is substituted by ru ru by year and then finally shiva yanti then we have shivas plus vandiyaha and then sir gets substituted by ru ru by year then we get year deleted and so we get shiva vandiyaha then we have shivas plus ramaha so we have shiva ru plus ramaha ru is substituted by year so shivaya plus ramaha year is optionally deleted so we have shivaya ramaha and shiva ramaha then we have shiva labhaha the input is shivas labhaha sir is substituted by ru ru by year and finally year is permanently deleted so we get shiva labhaha then we have shivas plus nyongovire where sir is followed by hash namely year and so this gets substituted by ru then ru by year and then this year is substituted by zero substitution so we have shiva plus nyongovire then shiva plus manyanti the input is shivas plus manyanti and the final output generated is shiva manyanti following the same procedure similarly we have shivas plus gavante as input we apply the same procedure and derive the output in the form of shiva plus gavante then we have shivas plus naka raha and the output generated following the same procedure is shiva plus naka raha then we have shivas plus naaha is the as the input and the output generated is shiva plus naaha following the same procedure where same sutras apply then we have shivas plus jhasha as the basic input and then the sutras apply and the process happens and the finally derived form is generated namely shiva plus jhasha with the zero or deletion of year then we have shivas plus bhara as the basic input and the same procedure happens and we get the final output in the form of shiva plus bharaha then we have shivas plus gavante as the input and the final output generated is shiva plus gavante following the same process then we have shivas plus dhokante the same process happens and so we get the final output in the form of shiva dhokante then we have shivas plus dharaaha and the same process is followed and finally we get shiva plus dharaaha then we have shivas plus jhasha the same process happens and finally we get shiva plus jhaha as the finally derived output these are all the hush and there are the last four over here shivas plus bandhaha same process happens and the final output generated is shiva bandhaha shivas plus gavante is the next example where sir is followed by g that is hush and so we get the same process applied and the finally derived form is shiva gavante then we have shivas plus dharaaha and the same process happens and then we get shiva plus dharaaha as the finally derived form then we have shivas plus deshaha as the basic input and finally we get shiva plus deshaha after we apply all the relevant sutras generating such next steps in the prakriya as are required for this sutra to apply so we get shiva deshaha as the finally derived form similar question can be asked to these examples why is there no further sandhi like deva plus ahuhu why is there no deva huhu why sabar naji rga sandhi does not apply similarly deva plus ihar why is there no guna sandhi similarly deva plus edhante why there is no vrudhi sandhi when stated specifically which reference to edha ethe the tutsu similarly deva plus awu shaham why there is no vrudhi sandhi stated by the sutra vrudhirachi what it seems is that these are not allowed in the language and these are not explained explicitly as well so why no further sandhi and the answer is because users did not use it but the question is how does the grammar explain this fact the grammar explains this particular fact by arranging the sutras in a way where the output of certain sutras is said to not to become the input for the other sutras the output of the sutra in the asin the section for example does not become the input for any previous sutra so here we see that the output of 8319 0 in place of year does not become our input for 6187 that is guna or 88 and 89 that prescribe vrudhi and that is why there is no further sandhi as per the explanation of the paninian grammar as well to summarize we studied more substitutes in place of ru which was stated as a substitute of sir at the end of a padha they are year and zero several occurrences like samaveta yud sabaha which is split as samaveta and yud sabaha they can be explained using the sutras that we have studied so lopashakalyas here as well as halli sarve sham due to the principle of the asiddha using which the sutras are arranged in the grammar absence of sandhi is explained by the grammar now we study the remaining examples and other cases which illustrate this particular swathi sandhi more let us do it in the next lecture thank you for your patience


Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. There is a legend told at Rideau Ferry of Murder Most Foul, of Travellers Disappearing, of Human Bones Found. In the early 1800s, a Mr. Oliver set up a ferry business at today's Rideau Ferry. His ferry, a rough, hewn raft, linked roads leading from the Brockville and Perth. Mr. Oliver had won unusual quirk. He would refuse to take travellers across to the far side after dark, preferring to put them up in his house overnight and send them on their way at first light in the morning. His neighbors seldom saw the travellers in the morning. When asked about them, Mr. Oliver would simply say they went on their way at first light. You must have been asleep. Some strange thing kept happening, though. Many of the travellers who had stayed overnight at Oliver's house did not arrive at their destination. Victims, perhaps the neighbor's thought, of murderous highway robbers. Years later, long after Mr. Oliver had passed away, a bridge was to be constructed to replace the ferry service. When the outbuildings on the Oliver property were dismantled to make way for the bridge, human bones were found under the floors and in the walls. The travellers had never left. I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Welcome, Weirdos. This is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode of Weird Darkness. A 178-year-old mystery comes to the surface in a Philadelphia suburb. Last April, a wrecking crew began tearing down an old building in Rhode Island, but the big burly men on the crew got so frightened they refused to continue the work. Does reconstruction of a home or building anger the souls who once lived there? The way life is grown on our planet requires that all living things feed off of each other and must kill others in order to survive. That's the way of the world if you want to live for any more than a few days, but some people are now claiming they can live without food at all indefinitely. Three men were in a shed selling gardening supplies when some strange powder suddenly hit the ceiling. Before they had time to react, a small jug on a shelf abruptly flew across the room. One man picked up the jug and placed it in a covered box. Instantly, the jug was somehow back on the floor. And that was just the beginning of the strange haunting of a community's garden shed. In the movie Salt, Angelina Jolie plays a double agent who is mind-controlled by scary remnants of the USSR Secret Service. And in real life, the 1940s bombshell Candy Jones was apparently brainwashed with drugs and used as a CIA covert operative. No one knows exactly when she was born. Some think maybe she was a gypsy. Others say she was a seventh daughter of a seventh daughter. The life of Elizabeth Barnes is a mysterious one filled with many loves, losses and prognostications. But first, some travelers arriving late at night to board Oliver's ferry the next day stayed in Oliver's house, but they were never seen making the ferry crossing the next morning. Is it possible that the legend is true that they never left his house alive? We begin with that story.  The truth behind the legend is perhaps even more interesting than the legend itself. In 1816, John Oliver, a Scottish pioneer, set up a ferry business on the south shore of First Narrows of Rideau Lake, the location of today's community of Rideau Ferry. This was a narrow section of the lake and the ferry linked a rough trail that led from Coil's Bridge near the head of Irish Lake connecting with the road to Brockville to the newly formed community of Perth. The trail in the area of Oliver's ferry was described as an avenue cut through extensive forest where the traveler had to pass over rocks and wade through swamps and surmount all the inequalities of the ground in its natural condition. When Reverend William Bell passed this way on route to Perth in 1817, he noted, at the ferry house Mr. and Mrs. Oliver showed me every attention and sent their son William with me to the house of Andrew Donaldson, Esquire, a next-door neighbor of the Oliver's, where I remained the night. John Oliver appears to have had a somewhat unstable personality, which culminated in his death by suicide, shooting himself in about 1821. Reverend Bell noted that Oliver had forsaken all professions of religion and succumbed to his lunacy. His neighbor, Donaldson, didn't fare much better. Originally a devout Presbyterian, he seems to have degraded over time. Bell noted that Donaldson had a most outrageous temper and a malicious disposition. Donaldson died in 1826. Personality issues were passed on to John Oliver's son, William, who took up the reins of the ferry business. William was almost universally disliked. He had many disagreements with his neighbors which often turned violent. He made attempts on the wife of William McClain from across the river. On July 19, 1842, his violent nature caught up with him when cattle from a neighbor, the Tummies, trespassed on to Oliver's property. Oliver confronted the two Tummy brothers in a rage and struck one of them. The Perth courier in its July 26, 1842 edition reported that the Tummies retreated to their home and that Oliver followed them there. One of the Tummies grabbed a loaded gun and told Oliver to get back. As Oliver tried to wrestle the gun from Tummy, the gun discharged, shooting Oliver through the heart. He was killed instantly. Reverend William Bell of Perth noted the tragic death of William Oliver at the Rideau ferry on the 19th, breeding at this time a universal thrill of horror. It was dreadful to think of a man so profanely wicked as he was being sent into eternity in a moment. Word spread fast. On July 20, Peter Sweeney, the lockmaster at Jones Falls, wrote in his diary, heard that Mr. Oliver was shot by a neighbor at Oliver's ferry. The Tummies were jailed and later convicted of manslaughter. William's death, however, wasn't the end of the story. As related at the beginning of this episode, stories grew over time that some travelers arriving late at night stayed at Oliver's house, but they were never seen making the ferry crossing the next morning. These stories developed into the legend that William killed these poor souls, took their possessions, dismembered their bodies and hid those remains. The legend says that when his buildings were torn down to make way for the new bridge across the narrows in 1874, human bones were apparently found in the walls and under the floors. Reporter Rob Tripp of the Kingston Whig Standard looked into the truth behind the legend in 2007. The papers of the era never actually reported bones being discovered when the buildings were torn down to make way for the bridge. However, the Perth Courier in 1873, the year when bids were being assembled for the construction of the bridge, did run a story reporting the discovery of a human skeleton under the platform of a house near the wharf that was undergoing repairs. Dr. Dislang's of Perth was asked to examine the bones, which he reported to have lain in the ground for as much as 25 to 30 years. Hence the kernel of a legend, a human skeleton, the right time period, a profanely wicked man, the legend of lost travelers of Oliver's ferry grew over time. In the Kingston Whig Standard article, Tripp points out a problem with the legend, though. The discovery of a human skeleton actually took place in Petawawa, hundreds of miles away. Dr. Dislang's of Perth just happened to be visiting at the time and was asked to examine the bones, hence the report in the Perth Courier. No human bones have, as yet, been found in or under the buildings at Oliver's ferry. This is a mass grave, Bill Watson said as he led the way through the thick Pennsylvania woods in a suburb about 30 miles from Philadelphia. Duffy's cut, as it is now called, is a short walk from a suburban cul-de-sac in Malvern, an affluent town of the fabled Main Line. Twin brothers Bill and Frank Watson believe 57 Irish immigrants met violent deaths there after a cholera epidemic struck in 1832. They suspect foul play. This is a murder mystery from 178 years ago, and it's finally coming to the light of day, Frank Watson said. The brothers first heard about Duffy's cut from their grandfather, a railroad worker who told the ghost story to his family every Thanksgiving. According to local legend, memorialized in a file kept by the Pennsylvania Railroad, a man walking home from a tavern reported seeing blue and green ghosts dancing in the midst of a warm September night in 1909. I saw with my own eyes the ghosts of the Irishmen who died with the cholera a month ago, a dancing around the big trench where they were buried. It's true, Mr., it was awful, the documents quote the unnamed man as saying, why they looked as if they were a kind of green and blue fire and they were a hoppin' and a bobbin' on their graves. I had heard the Irishmen were haunting the place because they were buried without the benefit of clergy. When Frank inherited the file of his grandfather's old railroad papers, the brothers began to believe the ghost stories were real. They suspected that the files contained clues to the location of a mass grave. One of the pieces of correspondence in this file told us X marked the spot, said Frank. He added that the document suggested that the men were buried where they were making the fill, which is the original railroad bridge. In 2002, the brothers began digging and searching. They found forks and remnants of a shanty, and in 2005 what Bill Watson calls the Holy Grail, a pipe with an Irish flag on it. They knew they were close, but Bill said they needed hard science to get them to the next step. The science came from Tim Bestel, a geophysicist who learned about the project from a colleague at the University of Pennsylvania who had heard the Watson brothers speak. The friend knew Bestel could provide the missing link in the brothers' excavation efforts. Bestel's work included earth scans, which can help detect what's underground without digging or drilling. By shooting electrical current through the slope, Bestel said he learned that there were oddball areas or places where the current wouldn't pass through. We saw areas in the slope that were very electrically resistant, Bestel recalled. This was an initial indicator something might lie beneath the surface. After further digging, Bestel and the Watsons detected air bubbles above the coffins. Bestel helped pinpoint key areas to dig, and on March 20, 2009, Bill Watson said the team made a startling discovery. One of my students came running over at about two in the afternoon with something that was a clearly discernible human bone, Bestel said. It was just the beginning of the many puzzle pieces to surface at Duffy's Cut. The pieces led them to suspect that something other than cholera was responsible for the deaths.  She believes the teeth, because of their irregularities, could someday be linked through DNA to living descendants of the men on earth at the dig site. Mung, an anthropologist at the University of Pennsylvania, joined the forensics team when Bestel looked her up in the campus directory and asked for help separating the human bones from any animal bones. Since then, she has collected bones from seven skeletons unearthed at Duffy's Cut, including four skulls. The trays and containers of bones occupy a long, wide table in the back of a lecture room at the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia. Pouring over the bones with her green spectacles sitting low on her nose, Mung said she's focused her attention on the skulls, adding that they've provided crucial clues to what might have killed the Irishman at Duffy's Cut. This skull has a little divot on what would have been the side bone of the skull, she said, holding it up. That little divot is something that didn't happen when they excavated it out of the ground. With just one divot on one skull, she was reluctant to jump to conclusions. But as more skulls surfaced, a pattern started to form. Holding the second skull, Mung said with confidence this person was clunked on the head around the time of death. Recently, a new piece of evidence came up from the ground at Duffy's Cut, a skull with a perforation that could be a bullet hole. In fact, we can see some nice cracked edges that do look very much like a bullet hole, Mung observed. Mung and the team will soon test the skull for the presence of lead. The source could be a bullet or an axe. Either way, she said, if they had cholera, it didn't kill them. I'd say something else killed them, but they might have had cholera too. Why is the mystery so important to the team? It could have been us, Bill Watson said. These guys came over here with nothing looking for the American dream like countless people have done. They thought they were going to make it and within six weeks of arrival, they're literally buried in the fill here. Although they've unearthed seven individuals remain so far, the Duffy's Cut team labors on to find the 50 more they believe are still under the surface. The brothers said their goal is to preserve the memory of the Irish workers and to put the story in textbooks to be remembered for years to come. It's a story that transcends nations, transcends history in a sense.  How do we treat our employees? How do we treat people who immigrate for a new life? Every human being deserves to be remembered. Coming up, does remodeling your home disturb the spirits who died there? Some construction workers would say yes. Some people are now claiming that they can live without eating any food ever. We'll look a bit closer at those claims and you expect poltergeists in old homes or castles, maybe a suburban house built on top of a bunch of dead people. I'm looking at you, Mr. Spielberg, but the last place you'd probably expect to find a poltergeist would be a garden shed. These stories and more when Weird Darkness returns. October is the anniversary of Weird Darkness and we celebrate by raising funds to help people who suffer from depression. Catherine sent in a donation during a previous overcoming the darkness campaign and said, I wish your podcast had been around several years ago. My brother would have loved it and maybe he wouldn't have felt so defeated. Rob committed suicide in October 2012, leaving devastated family and friends. I hope this donation gets the help and support they need and understand others want them to stay in their lives. We all know someone who's been affected by depression or suicide and Catherine's message is the perfect reason for you to give whatever you can this month during our overcoming the darkness fundraiser where 100% of the proceeds are donated to organizations that help people struggling with depression. You can learn more about these organizations and make a donation of any amount at WeirdDarkness.com slash overcoming. That's Weird Darkness.com slash overcoming. Just as dust lies on the floor of a long abandoned house, the energy of those who once lived in that house could be absorbed into the building's walls. This energy can be awakened by disturbances such as new owners who begin remodeling and changing what the spirits still think of as their home. The paranormal field is filled with stories of hauntings that come about suddenly when home or business owners begin to demolish, construct or change the layout of a structure. Recently a wrecking crew began tearing down the old French Worstead company building in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The construction crew made up of big tough rugged fellas got so spooked on the site they refused to continue the demolition. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management hydrologist Sophia Kizor said the men were legitimately frightened and the work stopped. According to members of the wrecking crew and onlookers, one of the cranes being used to demolish the building would go haywire every time they got close to tearing away part of the building. Kim Bakari, daughter of John Bakari, the crane operator, took a photo which she said shows what looks like apparitions in a window of the building. Another incident involved a large beam that fell and seemed to aim itself directly at the crane's cab, missing John Bakari by mere inches. Kim Bakari called on Andrew Lake, a paranormal investigator who agreed to come to the site. He brought along two mediums to assist in his investigation. The trio entered the building and had a conversation with the spirits, explaining that the deceased needed to move on because the building couldn't be saved. After their visit, the activity stopped and demolition continued without incident. Doug Hogan Jr., CEO and founder of Jersey Unique Minds Paranormal Society said in his opinion, spirits may get upset that their home is being changed. Imagine being at your house and someone comes in and starts tearing walls down and remodeling, Hogan said. They could be thinking, this is my house. What are you doing to my house? What investigation, Hogan remembers that could have been caused by construction was at Johnson Hall in Salem. They said a lot of activity stirred up while they were remodeling the first floor, he said. Jumps investigated the building three times and recorded the most activity on the first floor just as construction was being completed. That is a prime example, Hogan said. There are other explanations of why remodeling could conjure up strange activity in a home, such as replacing plaster walls with more modern drywall, which is a much weaker sound barrier, and even exposing molds that could contain toxins which could affect a person's perception. But is it also possible that a spirit who has resided undetected in a certain building for hundreds of years could become more active in order to express his or her disapproval of the changes? The next time you replace a window or build a partition, keep an eye out for someone who might want you to leave the room exactly as it is.  One could say that as a result of this arrangement, life in a sense is a tragic phenomenon. The idea of a life form that has transcended the need to kill would strike a new note in our idea of life on earth. Apparently, some Catholic saints lived for prolonged periods with little or no food or drink, and in some cases without that sure sign of nature elimination. In Adiacs, people who live without eating, like Lucy Latau or Molly Fancher, are often bedridden and afflicted with numerous abnormalities. But the most famous in Adiac of the 20th century was quite different. Therese Newman, a Bavarian Catholic who lived through the Nazi era, was a visionary who displayed the stigmata. Because of a muscle spasm in her throat in 1922, she stopped eating solid food. By 1926, all she could manage was to drink a few drops of water. On August 6, 1926, she had a vision of Christ's transfiguration. Hunger and thirst permanently left her. By 1927, she quit all forms of nourishment, except a daily eighth of a communion wafer. She stopped eliminating and continued in this state for the remaining 35 years of her life, according to the official account. Exceptionally, she was not bedridden but healthy, energetic and robust. She lived very much a public life, made herself accessible to visitors and was fond of nature and sightseeing excursions. Friends, family and religious confessors never saw her eat despite spending hours working with her in the fields or going on outings with her that lasted for days. Her brother said that despite the heat, she never drank or showed signs of fatigue. Witnesses swore to all of this under oath, and there are no reasons I'm acquainted with that suggest they conspired to mislead the public or were driven by unconscious forces to revericate. Naturally, one wonders whether Cherise ate or drank on the sly. To make sure this was not the case, and in response to widespread requests to test her, she consented to being observed in July 1927 by a medical commission and four Mallersdorf nurses whose feracity was placed under oath. She was intimately probed and carefully observed for 15 continuous days and nights. At all times, she was under observation by at least two nurses. Powerful arc lamps beamed 5000 watts in her eyes to test the authenticity of her ecstasies. She showed no reactions. She lost about 8 pounds after her stigmata bled, but by the end of the experiment, her weight was somehow restored. Only by assuming a wildly improbable conspiracy can you doubt the conclusion. For 15 days, she drank and ate nothing but tiny shards of the Eucharist wafer. So well-known was her an adiac lifestyle that during the war, the Third Reich gave her no food rations. There are other spectacular cases of impossibly long fasts in other cultural traditions. The aim here is to give one example of a so-called miracle that is part of a pattern. The pattern of these miraculous phenomena is the real story and what it suggests for our dietary future. At this juncture of life on planet Earth, being menaced by climate catastrophe and global wars, any grounds for hope in the creative advance of our species should be of some interest. Generally speaking, poltergeists are the bratty kids of the paranormal world. They create a lot of noise, cause some damage, and make obnoxious spectacles of themselves, but they are on the whole seemingly helpless to do any real harm. Their antics are tiresome rather than evil. On occasion, however, polts exhibit threatening even fiendish behavior. Reading these accounts, one understands why our ancestors attributed such sinister visitations as the work of the devil. One of the more well-known cases of such malevolent hauntings took place in Bromley, England in the early 1970s. It is also, fortunately for paranormal researchers, among the more well-documented poltergeist accounts. Of all the places where you'd expect hellish forces to erupt, an allotment shed probably rests at the bottom of the list. The Kentish garden guild of Bromley, England consisted of three pensioners, Alfred Taylor, Tony Elms and Clifford Jueus, who managed two sheds in the city's Grove Park allotments which they used to sell gardening supplies to other allotment holders.  It was on April 26, 1973 that these sheds began inspiring something considerably weirder than flowers or vegetables. The three men were in one of the sheds when some strange powder suddenly hit the ceiling. Before the trio had time to digest this occurrence, a small jug on a shelf abruptly flew across the room. Jueus picked up the jug and placed it in a covered box, but instantly the jug was, somehow, out of the box back on the floor. Flying jugs are quite bad enough. Ones that teleport themselves through solid matter are really too much. That was just the beginning of any number of unexplainable and increasingly disruptive incidents. Fertilizer would shoot out from its bin, spraying anyone in the vicinity. A seven-pound weight sailed through the air, circling Taylor's head menacingly. Any and all items in the shed would be seen, as Taylor put it, going around the hut like skittles. Bottles would mysteriously become unscrewed and their contents dumped on the floor. Large amounts of fertilizer would vanish from their storage containers. Once, when Elms was about to drink coffee, he noticed, fortunately, just in the nick of time, that its contents had been replaced with fertilizer. Half-ton bags of fertilizer would move on their own accord. At times, the sheds themselves would shake as though an earthquake had hit. Coins would fly throughout the rooms. One of their customers, George Bentley, summarized the situation quite nicely. There were some rat-queer goings-on. The men were not only baffled by these events, but increasingly frightened. They sensed that whatever was causing these phenomena was not just mischievous, but hostile. Unsurprisingly, they lost customers.  And the trio began to fear their personal safety was threatened. Elms decided to try fighting a cult with a cult. One night, after consulting with a group of white magicians, he performed an exorcism in one of the sheds. Those waiting outside heard chaos. The walls thudded loudly and the heavy iron door repeatedly swung open.  Next morning, when the men returned to the shed, they saw what the entity thought of their spiritual efforts. As one of the men said, it looked as if it had been hit by a bomb. Items which had been on the shelves were now circling in the air. Creepiest of all, the sign of the cross was painted or scratched everywhere inside the shed, on walls, on chairs, on bins everywhere. The thing, whatever it could be called, was laughing at them. The poltergeist began pursuing the men even when they were nowhere near the sheds. Taylor was in the presence of witnesses tormented by the entity in his own home. On another occasion, when he was in an office building, he felt invisible hands give him a strong shove. It seemed that there was no getting away from the harassment. In September 1973, Taylor contacted the Society for Psychical Research. Perhaps professional assistants could finally rid them of this costly and dangerous pest. Two society members, Pauline Ronells and Manfred Kassier, made several visits to the sheds and immediately saw that it was no hoax. The poltergeist treated its guests to its whole bag of diabolical tricks. Items flew about the room or were suspended in mid-air or simply inexplicably disappeared. Security bolts on the windows vanished before their eyes. The buildings shook from the force of violent blows on the walls. They witnessed the entity ripping Elm's shirt and sticking a saw down his back. Later, a flower bulb was forced into Elm's mouth. For whatever reason, Elms seems to be a particular focus for the spirits wrath. During one visit, money belonging to Elms vanished. Ronells asked the entity to return his cash. Two coins suddenly appeared from nowhere, hitting her on the head. The presence of the psychic detectives seemed to inspire the entity to new heights of high strangeness. The number 1659 suddenly appeared on a wood panel. This was followed by more automatic writing. A question mark, various random letters, the name of one of Alfred Taylor's friends. Perhaps the eeriest features of the entire haunting came next. On a shelf, the impression of a child's face began to appear. Then a piece of brass with M-N stamped on it suddenly dropped on the floor. Nobody present had ever seen such an object before, and what did the letters M-N mean? That was for the poltergeist to know, and none of them to find out. Two chemicals stored in the shed, white sulfite and brown maxikrop were used by the entity to outline a skull on the counter. It appeared almost instantly too fast for human hands to have created it. Then the sinister face gradually vanished. The whole unnerving business kept going for nearly two years, an unusually long time for poltergeist visitations, until it suddenly stopped, as unaccountably as it had begun. It was noted that the activity ceased when work on a nearby block of garages had finished, but it's anyone's guess if there was any possible connection. Everyone who visited the allotment sheds during those two hectic years agreed that something very strange went on, something that was not capable of being created by any human trickery. But what did create it, and why? We'll almost certainly never know while we're on this side of the grave. When Weird Darkness returns, Candy Jones was such a looker she became a supermodel, but there was the other side of her life as a CIA spook. And we'll look at the story of Elizabeth Barnes, who was better known in her community as the Witch of Plum Hollow. Here at Weird Darkness, I celebrate Halloween year round, as I'm sure a lot of you weirdos do, so I'm not cutting off the festivities after October 31st. In fact, I'm heading to Halloween Central, Salem, Massachusetts, at Salem Paracon, November 11th and 12th. They've invited me to be a special guest for the festivities, introducing some of the celebrities and guests, moderating Q&As, and well, other things that they refuse to tell me until I arrive and then it's too late to back out. Apparently, they like to scare everybody, including me. At Salem Paracon, you can meet numerous paranormal groups, see creepy art and the artists who create it, speak with cryptozoologists, meet horror and sci-fi authors and podcasters, grab spooky crafts, jewelry, clothing, costumes and other merchandise, and meet the guest of honor, the one and only legendary, amazing Kreskin, the world's most famous mentalist. He'll showcase his mind reading and psychic powers right before your eyes. And there are tons of other celebrities being announced as the day gets closer. Visit weirddarkness.com slash Salem to see other special guests, celebrities as they're announced, and to get your tickets. That's weirddarkness.com slash Salem, and I'll see you in Salem, Massachusetts November 11th and 12th for Salem Paracon. In the movie Salt, Angelina Jolie plays a double agent who is mind-controlled by scary remnants of the USSR Secret Service. And in real life, the 1940s bombshell Candy Jones was apparently brainwashed with drugs and used as a CIA covert operative. Candy Jones was a successful model, author and modeling agency owner who had married Long John Neville, a popular late-night talk show host on New York radio station W.O.R. Candy told Neville that years earlier, the FBI had asked her to use her office as a mail drop and that she'd agreed to deliver mail for the FBI when traveling on business. Candy was prone to insomnia and suffered from abrupt changes in her normally congenial disposition. Neville, an amateur hypnotist, offered to hypnotize her. During their first session, Jones easily fell into a hypnotic trance and began speaking in another voice who identified herself as Arlene Grant. This second personality revealed that Jones had once delivered a package for the FBI to a man in San Francisco while she was on business there. The man was Dr. Gilbert Jensen, a doctor she knew from her U.S.O. days. Candy had dinner with Jensen on November 16, 1960. Jensen said that he now worked for the CIA and had an office in Oakland across Bay Bridge. He said that if Candy wanted to, she could get far deeper into the covert intelligence business, adding that it could prove lucrative for her. With three sons at private schools, Candy was short of cash and accepted. The first thing Jensen did was to hypnotize Candy. Under hypnosis, Jensen told Candy that she was to be a messenger for a secret CIA unit and she would sometimes be required to travel abroad, that she would be given a passport under the assumed name of Arlene Grant. Using mind-altering drugs, Jensen reinforced the Arlene personality so that she could take Candy over almost completely when triggered by a telephone call that played a recording of particular sounds. This done, he was able to send Candy with Arlene's voice and manner on various experimental missions at home and abroad. Candy would change into Arlene in appearance too, wearing a wig and using a different makeup style. Jensen aimed to create a perfect messenger, one who could not reveal even under torture anything about the message she carried, where she came from or who would send her. Jones was then supposedly sent to a CIA training camp where she was trained to kill and learned how to hide code numbers under her fingernail polish. After each mission was completed, Candy would remember nothing.  As a means of demonstrating the psychiatrist's control over her, Candy was once supposedly even tortured in front of 24 doctors in an auditorium at the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Candy Jones story sounds like the wild fabrications of a deranged mind. However, there is some evidence that this bizarre tale is true. Candy told Joe Bergera, her book editor at Harper and Row that she sometimes worked for a government agency as a courier and might disappear occasionally for weeks at a time. She also wrote a letter to her attorney William Williams, instructing him that if she were to die or vanish under unusual circumstances, he was not to reveal the details of the event to anyone, especially the press. Also, when writer Donald Bain was talking to Candy about publishing a book on the story of her life, she showed him a passport issued in the name of Arlene Grant, bearing a photo of Candy in a dark wig. Freedom of information requests have also revealed that the CIA does have a substantial file on Jones, but they refuse to release it. Rural Ontario, Canada has always had its mystics. In Ontario's Leeds County, it was Elizabeth Barnes, better known as Mother Barnes, the Witch of Plum Hollow. Her date of birth is unclear. Some sources say 1794, others say 1800. She was from Cork, in Ireland, where she fell in love with a young sergeant named Harrison, her father, a Colonel in the British Army, disapproved of the relationship. So the couple eloped and moved to what was then Upper Canada. When Harrison died a few years later, Elizabeth married David Barnes, a shoemaker who had moved up from Connecticut. The couple ended up having nine children, six sons and three daughters. In 1843, the family relocated to Sheldon's Corners in Kittley Township, north of Brockville, not far from Lake Aloida and the village of Plum Hollow in the amusingly named Bastard Township. Barnes eventually left his wife and Elizabeth needed money to support her large family, so she turned to fortune-telling, reading tea leaves and charging her customers 25 cents each, a large son in 19th-century Ontario. Her talents earned her the title The Witch of Plum Hollow, even though she did not live in Plum Hollow itself. She was the seventh daughter of a seventh daughter and was also alleged to be part Spanish Gypsy, which was credited as the source for her sixth sense. Mother Barnes was a diminutive woman, barely five feet tall. She did tell a few tall tales, though, when it came to fortunes. People traveled from all over Canada and upper New York to consult with her. Her more local cases involved finding lost livestock and solving crimes. A man named Morgan Doxeter disappeared in Charleston Lake. Mother Barnes directed the searchers to the place where his murdered body was found. Her most famous customer was a lawyer from Kingston and aspiring politician named John A. MacDonald. The Witch of Plum Hollow told him that he would become the leader of a new country and that its capital would be what was known as Bytown, in those days a gritty lumber town. In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was formed. Bytown is now Ottawa and the capital city, and Sir John A. MacDonald was the first prime minister of the new country. Mother Barnes had earned her a quarter. Elizabeth Barnes died in 1886 and was buried in an unmarked grave in the Sheldon's Corners Cemetery. In 1892, local rider Thaddeus William Henry Leavitt published his short novel, The Witch of Plum Hollow, featuring Mother Barnes and her sixth sense. Today, her little cabin still stands behind a rail fence along Mother Barnes Road, just west of County Road 29. It's on private property and it's posted with no trespassing signs. Visitors cannot go inside, but they can park beside the road and have a look at this piece of the past along the back roads of Leeds County. All stories in this episode are purported to be true and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. Grandfather's ghost story leads to Mass Grave was written by Megan Rafferty for CNN. As remodeling your home disturbed the spirits who died there was written by Kelly Ronsace for nj.com. Life Without Food was written by Michael Grosso for Consciousness Abound. The poltergeist in the allotment shed is from Strange Company. The supermodel who was brainwashed into becoming a spy is by Annalie Newitz for Gizmodo. The Witch of Plum Hollow was written by James Morgan for North Country Public Radio. And The Frights of Oliver's Ferry was written by Ken Watson for Rideau Info. Weird Darkness Theme by Alibi Music. If you visit the website WeirdDarkness.com you can find the Weirdo's Facebook group, paranormal and horror audiobooks that I've narrated, the Weird Darkness store, plus you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you're struggling with depression, anxiety, or thoughts of suicide. Weird Darkness is a registered trademark. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Proverbs 3, Verses 5 and 6. Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him and he will make your path straight. And a final thought from Robert too. Trust yourself. You've survived a lot and you'll survive whatever is coming. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness. October is birthday month for Weird Darkness and this makes eight years of doing the show. But while it's our birthday, we want the gifts to go to those who help people who suffer from depression, anxiety, or thoughts of suicide or self-harm. That's what our Overcoming the Darkness campaign every October is all about. You can bring hope to those who are lost in the darkness. You can make a donation right now at WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. I'll close out the fundraiser at the end of October and announce how much we raised. Our goal is to raise at least 5,000 this month. But the more we raise, the more people we can help to climb out of their own personal darkness. If you've not donated yet or if you'd like to give again, visit WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. The fundraiser ends on Halloween, so please give right now while you're thinking about it. WeirdDarkness.com slash Overcoming. Hey Weirdos, be sure to click the like button and subscribe to this channel and click the notification bell so you don't miss future videos. I post videos 7 days a week and while you're at it, spread the darkness by sharing this video with someone you know who loves all things strange and macabre. If you want to listen to the podcast, you can find it at WeirdDarkness.com slash Listen.


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