Hello, welcome. My name is Jay Hendrickson. I'm the Product Manager for Hewlett-Packard and this is Steve Collins. He's Development Manager at Hewlett-Packard. And we're going to talk about hardware at a software conference. Are we in the right place? I don't think so. I don't think so, either. So this is about designing the hardware stack for your first open-stack private cloud. And an open stack runs on all kinds of hardware, and so some people might ask, what's hardware got to do with it? And a lot. We don't have software-defined hardware yet, so somewhere underneath everything is hardware. And so we're going to talk today about designing your first open-stack private cloud. So let me ask folks in the audience, how many people in here are using, well, have deployed a production open-stack private cloud? Running in production. Excellent. That's three times as many as we're in Vancouver. So that's good. We're getting up there. For the rest of you, this is about actually going through and deploying a private cloud. So I kind of like this quote because Albert Einstein was a pretty smart guy. And everything should be simple as possible, but not simpler. The interesting thing is, Einstein also had this theory of relativity. And so open stack is we're going to try to make this relatively simple, but you all know that deploying and maintaining open-stack cloud is not simple. So we're going to try to make it simpler. How many folks in here enjoy 30 to 50 slide presentations over the course of like an hour? Excellent. Nobody does. So here's what we have for you.  Whoever invented it, I would personally like to just break their knees. But we have, we're going to show seven slides. Not counting this one that's showing here. I'll tell you when we can start counting. So first is going to be some marketing kinds of fluff. So just don't throw anything at me. I just have to get it out of the, get it out of my system. And then Steve is going to talk to you about the real meat of the, of the presentation. So we're first going to talk about the case for a private cloud. We all probably know, but I always like to sort of level set everything and then talk about what your plan might be before we get into the, to the meat. And then summary of the best practices. So one of the reasons why I don't like slide presentations is you put up a slide like this and then people are either listening to you talk or they're reading the slide, but you can't do both. So I'm going to let it sit there for a few seconds. All right, you've read it. Okay. And you get these slides at the end, right? So, so what I'm going to talk about is really what's on this slide so you can, you can listen to me. The emergence of the internal service providers. So data centers, you know, OpenStack, cloud, that those aren't going to take over everything and there won't be anything else. We're still going to have bare metal stuff running. They're still going to be SAP HANA deployments that just don't run on OpenStack or don't run on a private cloud. They run on just bare metal. So, but, and then we heard today Erica talking about how if you don't have your own cloud in your organization, there will be people who go outside the organization and use a public cloud. If you can think about SharePoints in our own organization versus getting Dropbox or something like that with Google, you just go on, go on the web. And if you want more space, you throw out a credit card and presto you have it versus getting a share space in your own organization. Or for that matter, getting an email address in your own organization versus getting it from Gmail or, or Hotmail or, or fill in the blank provider. So there's this whole gamut of applications and where they land. And what I want to talk about today is, is the, is the private cloud and the need for it. So there's, there's a lot of folks who talk about security and performance and compliance as main reasons for wanting a private cloud.  And, and being able to create a private cloud where people can get to those resources as quickly as they can get to applications and or data on a public cloud. So that's what we're going to talk about today and, and where the internal service provider sits. So without further ado, let's talk about what your plan is for, for building a private cloud. So the first, the first thing is picking an open stack distribution. So right before I came in here, I was in my hotel room and I went to openstack.org and I went to the open stack distributions and there's 27. So, well one, you can, you can do it yourself, right? You can go to openstack.org and you can start grabbing all the, all the pieces and patch them all together yourself and six months later you might have something that's actually running or you can go to an open stack distributor. I work for Hewlett Packard. So we have one HP Helion open stack. Red Hat has one. Suce has one. Canonical has one. Morantis has one. My dog has, has one. It's not, it's not listed on openstack.org but, but he has one. He does. Okay. So anyway, so you, you pick an open stack distribution and then you start thinking, okay, this is my first one.  And if we don't think about it, then, oh, it's just hard, it's just hardware, don't worry about it, just throw it on there but when you get right down to it and you start asking these questions of what open stack distribution did I choose? What's the control plane? What are we going to use for storage? All of these kinds of questions. Next thing you know, somewhere in there, it has to land on hardware. So we start thinking about that. The big one. Expect the workloads to change. So when you're building a private cloud, you're, you're probably looking at situations where people have not, your users have not been utilizing a cloud and so let's think about developers as an example. So typical dev test scenario is developer writes some code, compiles it, builds it, throws it over the fence to QA. QA takes it, they test it, they run some tests on it. The bug reports come back, the developer starts fixing bugs. That takes time, especially if they're building cloud native applications or applications that require a lot of testing. That timeframe can last weeks before they get reports back. So the behavior is, well let me get this next few lines of code in before I send it and compile it and send it over to QA because then I'm going to be working on something else while they're doing all their thing and setting up their hardware and doing all this. So by the time it gets back to them it's been six weeks and they're going, I don't even know if I wrote that code. Maybe Diane wrote that code, right? And Diane since left the company, I don't know. But the point is that that timeframe shrinks very rapidly once you go to a cloud. So the behaviors change. How much, how many lines of code I write before I toss it over the fence changes. There's lots of things that are going to change. So your workloads, the behavior in the organization is going to change when you can get resources like that versus taking time. And that's important when you're choosing your hardware. You can expect to scale up and out. You're going to build your first private cloud. You're going to put it into some type of production. It'll be small but you're not running OpenStack as a private cloud for six users. You're going to scale it up and you're going to scale it out. And so you need to expect that that's going to happen. All you have to do is get this proof of concept done, get some folks using it. The next thing you know your CIO is going to be throwing money at you to build out this cloud. That's how it works. We have data that shows that. We have customers that do that. You want to mitigate risk. What I mean by that is you're going to build your cloud. You're going to put together a rack full of servers that is going to run a private cloud. And it's going to be expensive. I mean it's easy to build a little tiny proof of concept that oh I put this little thing together and I show that OpenStack works and everything but I can't actually use it in production. To build something that's going to be in production is going to take some money. Half a million bucks somewhere in that neighborhood. Maybe less but somewhere in that neighborhood. So to put your badge on the desk of the CIO and say I need a half a million dollars to build private cloud. You want to kind of mitigate some of that risk. You might want to start thinking about using hardware that is extremely reliable robust flexible and easily redeployable. So something to think about.  So you can spend weeks and months thinking about what hardware am I going to use. Okay I'm going to use this OpenStack distribution. What hardware am I going to use for the management layer. What hardware am I going to use for the compute nodes. What hardware am I going to use for for object storage for block storage. What network switches am I going to use. All of these types of questions. Where do I think it might scale. What workloads might change. You can start thinking about all of this kind of stuff. Or you can listen to Steve who's about to tell you what we did and some of the reasons why. So without further ado let's get to the big fancy table. All right so like Jay said there's a lot there's these slides with a lot of information on them and you can either listen to me or look at the slides. I'm going to give you a second to look in that and then I'm going to talk through the various points. Or take pictures like a lot of people seem to do. So I'm going to go through three kind of usage scenarios. Three use cases that we had and the various hardware choices we made and why. So if you look at the various distributions that are out there there's a lot of things they have in common. For example one of the things that they they tend to have in common is there's a deployment host. You know on this slide we call it the seed cloud host. And this particular example is for Helion OpenStack version 1.1. But other distributions are very similar. So you'll if you're familiar with other distributions you should be able to kind of tie in some some similarities there. So you've got a deployer node which generally doesn't require a lot of resources. You know it may do things like you know in this case it's providing DHCP services. It's deploying some of the initial nodes in this case it's just applying a single node the under cloud controller. But it's got to be just you know a basic server not a whole lot of resources which in this case is why we chose you know just a six core 32 gigs of memory and a mirrored two terabyte boot drive. And that's really all you need. You know there are in fact there are cases where people use a laptop for this kind of functionality and that that can work as well if it's something that you want to want to keep in production long term you probably want something other than a laptop. In this case then there is an under cloud controller which in the Helion OpenStack 1.1 scenario is used to deploy the rest of the over cloud. So it deploys the over cloud controller compute swift and sender you know all our storage pieces. And so it needs a little bit more power but not a whole lot which is why in this case we choose a two by six core processor 64 gig of memory and this case faster drives. So that's one thing that's actually a big consideration with each of the nodes and the role that they play is what kind of drives you want in there. Do they do they need to be you know are you focused on speed which in this case we are which is why we we chose 15k drives or is capacity to really the driver in which case you'd want slower drives that can give you higher capacity which you know I think now we have eight eight eight terabyte drives and 7.2k speeds in this case we're using six terabyte drives. Then you look at the over cloud controller so this is the guy you know and most distributions will have something like a controller or something called something like that and in a lot of cases it'll be multiples in this case there's three. These are the nodes that are running the majority if not all the open stack services so they take a big load from processing power as well as from IO. So you can see in this case we're using two two by 12 core processors 64 gig of memory again and again fast drives and I should have mentioned also you know with your OS and you know other volumes you also want to take into account what type of RAID you want to use. So I think I mentioned in the case of the seed host we're just using RAID 1. There's just a mirror drive you don't need anything real fancy in the case of the under cloud controller and over cloud you want a little bit better performance in our case we chose RAID 10 for those nodes. So in actual capacity there we've got 1.2 terabytes for each of those cases 1.2 terabytes usable storage. Next on the list is a compute host it says for there that's just that's how many we had in this reference architecture obviously you can have as many compute hosts as you want they're all the same in our case we're using DL360s which I should have mentioned also all these up to this point are 360s in our case which is you know nice from a deployment standpoint and a density standpoint because they're 1u servers so you can get all the functionality you need for all of those roles and just a single u of rack space. For the compute node you know you need to look at what types of workloads you think you're going to run and as Jay mentioned that changes so that's really tough it's tough to know from the outset so you kind of have to make a best guess and then as you you know as your usage changes as you learn what you're really doing with the cloud you're going to have to adjust a little bit so maybe you start out with you know these first four nodes and they're 18 core like we have in this case and maybe you find out that you know either memory is more your limiting your limiting item or storage and so you have to adjust a little bit in this case is a good starting point we used you know maximum number of cores so we've got 18 cores by 2 which gives you 72 72 cores 72 virtual CPUs with 256 gigs of memory and then on the storage side we're using kind of the not the fastest drives but not slow either so drive speed is important in this case as well so you know you probably don't want to go with 7.2 k drives which probably also don't need 15 k drives and so a consideration there is at least at the time we we did this reference architecture 10 k drives were roughly half the price of 15 k drives and if you look at the io performance yeah that's that's a pretty good sweet spot for those compute nodes a good rule of thumb here is when you look at the ratio of your ephemeral storage to your memory you want about a 10 to 1 ratio which is what we have here we got 256 gigs of memory and roughly 2.4 terabytes of storage because these are also rated 10 all right okay so next up we have the two our storage nodes we've got Swift for our object storage and sender for block for those nodes we're using dl380s so higher capacity really the the big driver for using the 380s there is to be able to put more storage in those boxes so they can hold you know in this case you can hold the 26 small form factor drives or 15 large form factor drives in the case of Swift we're using large form factor because we're really after capacity in that case you know they don't have to be super fast drives we just want as much capacity that we can get in there so we're using six terabyte drives in here you can see i'm also listing 2 by 600 gigabytes that's the os those are the os drives so those are faster those are running the os and the Swift services but the rest of the storage drives are just six terabyte 7.2k drives in the case of sender you know here again you got to think in think about your storage in this case you do want a little bit faster drives which is why we're choosing kind of a sweet spot of 10k drives in that case this our implementation of sender here uses our vsa cluster and which also doesn't require a whole lot of compute power which is why you know we only have a six core processor in there it really doesn't need a whole lot so you could as you can see here you could kind of max everything out you could put you know 12 core or 14 core 18 core and everything but you're you know you're overspending or you could make the opposite mistake and just go single six core and then you're gonna have problems in some cases so it does take some some studies and research and research and kind of knowing how these things play with each other to to really you know figure this out or some some real world experience just to touch a little bit on the networking side you know the various distributions they're all a little bit different but in general you're going to have an ipmi type network that's used for powering the servers on and off which is fine with just a one gig network no problem there for the rest of the networking functions you probably want at least a single 10 gig there are cases where you can pair them up you know where you have a bonded pair so you can get 20 gig or more in this case we're using a 40 gig or 10 gig network with a 40 gig or a 40 port switch that uses 10 gig ports and that's used for the rest of the the rest of the network functions in OpenStack so before i go on to the other two any questions about this particular scenario yeah here i'm gonna pass around the mic so they can hear it why SSDs have not been used at all yeah so SSDs that's a good question so obviously a big driver is cost and the cost of SSDs is significantly more than than the spinning media as you'll see in in a in a follow-on scenario we did use SSDs so there are cases where you want to use them again this is kind of from if you're starting out you don't really know where you need that you need to put that extra expense you probably are okay starting without it and then you can see you know doesn't make sense for me to use SSDs in some of my compute nodes doesn't make sense to use SSDs as a front end for some of the Swift functionality which is what we did in a in a in another reference architecture because you do get a performance gain if you use SSDs for your Swift account and container functionality so that is an option to use SSDs for those because you don't you don't need that kind of performance on those nodes you'd be spending money you just don't need to spend they don't the drives don't need to be that fast yeah but not not like an SSD so you mean you can still have to find that right what the right spot is so i mean the good thing again j kind of alluded to this but you know these are all just kind of basic serves that can be used for a lot of different things so what you could i mean what you may find is so you start out with these 15k drives and maybe in your case you find out i really need SSDs in there pull those 600 gig drives out and they can be used for you know some of the other nodes so we try actually try to design this so that everything wasn't super super unique i mean you want to kind of tailor the specs for each node so that it fits but you don't want them to be so kind of out in left field that they you know the the hardware can't be used for anything else because as j mentioned things will kind of migrate over time you will change your needs will change and you want to kind of move things around any other questions on this one yeah i'm trying to get a mic back to you anyone using the Apollo systems for hyperconvert solutions so yeah that's a that's a very can you hear me okay that's a very good question and the so uh you can that that's the simple answer you can we're talking about a a configuration in this case where where what we were thinking was okay this is your first open stack private cloud we wanted to keep the architecture of the hardware as similar as we could so we used these dl 360s and 380s for several reasons first they they have the same architecture so same bios same drivers it's the it's the same architecture same chipsets all all of that stuff the second thing is the dl 360 and 380 are on everybody's standards list whereas the Apollo may not be and then the third question i mean the third reason is you are taking a risk when you set up your first open stack private cloud so you're you're going to your cio and you're saying i want to spend a half a million dollars and i want to build a private cloud and your cio is thinking half a million really okay that's we can do that and then the sweet spot is you say look boss if if this private cloud if something goes wrong and and it doesn't work we have a rack full of dl 360s and 380s i mean how bad can that be you're probably going to buy them anyway yes no it's the most popular server on the planet of course go through the next one and you'll see i'm not going to talk to every single one of these because you'll see there's a lot of similarities in fact the first uh i think three items on there are exactly the same as what we saw in the last use case but this one in particular is for the su state distribution and again you've got kind of the similar similar concept where you've got a deployment server you've got control nodes and you've got compute and you know the sweet spot for all of those in this use case is exactly the same as the last one we talked about a difference here is the storage you know in the case of suci opens that cloud they're using sef instead of uh swift and cinder and so the the requirements are a little bit different but you see they're they're actually pretty similar again a two by 12 core processor 64 gigs of memory and the drive configuration i remember i think this one this one's a little bit different so again two 600 gig drives for the os they're mirrored and then 13 six terabyte drives for your storage everything else is pretty common in the case of networking there is a little bit difference here because as i mentioned before there are cases where you can bond the network ports and this is the case with suci that they're able to to bond their network ports and so they they use a few more ports than our double double the 10 gig ports is in the last case questions on this one all right and our third scenario is for helan open stack 2.0 soon to be released there are some differences here because the the actual configuration is a little bit different um as you'll if you remember on the 1.1 scenario we had we had a seed node we had an undercloud um then we had the controllers and we had separate swift nodes the difference here is there is a deployer node which is similar to that seed node it's a little bit different but it's similar the controller is combined with swift so the swift functionality in this scenario is on those same controller nodes and there is no undercloud node at all so if you look at this the deployer specs are exactly the same as they were before a six core processor um mirrored two terabyte drives to run the os it doesn't really need a whole lot of functionality or a whole lot of performance to do his job um that's really all it needs now in the case of the controller and swift nodes so this is taking a lot of this needs a lot of horsepower right so it's running all the open stack services including swift is doing the swift proxy and container as well as the object functionality so you need to make sure you size this one right here we've we're going with the 12 core processor 64 gigs of memory I should mention here as you see up at the top this is proposed so this is kind of a this is a work in progress but here's what it's looking like right now and and is being proven out in our labs right now and then we've got again a pair of fast 600 gig drives for the os and six terabyte drives for the object um a difference is not mentioned on here is out of those which actually a little bit well it is incorrect here what we're looking at right now is not 13 six terabyte drives for um object we're actually looking at 11 six terabyte drives and then two drives um of ssd for the container and uh account nodes um as I mentioned earlier you do see a performance gain when you do that so we're we're at the point right now we're measuring what that performance gain is to kind of do the cost performance tradeoff but um it's looking good so far but I mean those so those are the things you have to kind of keep in in in mind and you know sometimes it just takes experimentation and and uh experience to figure out what really works best uh see I get this mic to the back so when you talk about performance gains actually I would assume that you're measuring this stuff so is there a particular suite that you are using a particular test bed so you can get help pretty much yeah I mean there's a variety of there's a variety of tools that uh we're using and honestly I can't remember the names of all of them I've got some engineers that are doing I think they're I mean Raleigh I think has some tools in it uh there I mean there's a variety of tools I think that are part of the open stack distro as well as some stuff that we've we've made in house to measure um throughput as well as kind of functionality between the various services and uh you know an IO performance and those kind of things so I mean afterwards I can I can track down the exact details where if you want and I can I can get that to you um compute specs exactly the same as before so a 360 server 18 cores 256 gigs of memory um oh I lied it's not exactly the same because in the Helion OpenStack 2.0 case they split the os volume from the ephemeral storage which is not the case in 1.1 so in this case you've got you've got a mirrored pair of 1.2 terabyte drives for the os and then you've got four drives 1.2 terabytes raid 10 for your ephemeral storage which keeps that 10 to 1 ratio again right because you've got you've got four 1.2s mir as raid 10 which gives you 2.4 terabytes usable storage in the 1.1 case which is all combined the os and the ephemeral storage all in the same drives which is why we we only had four of them and then cinder cinder specs are exactly the same as in 1.1 that seems to be uh you know good sweet spot doesn't need a whole lot of processing processing power so six cores is fine and then you know that sweet spot of the drives 10k drives 1.2 terabytes and you know in that case we're we're actually starting out with the uh with that box only half filled with storage it can hold 26 drives so you can get started with that much storage and then add drives to it as it grows yes it does support it does support sef yes so sef is an option still you don't recommend that kind of a country well it's not necessarily though we don't recommend it it's just for this for the reference architecture that we did here where we just chose to use uh swift and cinder no i should probably you want to run the mic yeah roughly how many vms are you uh planning for per computer that's always the magic that's the magic nobody talks about bms okay so here's the deal it's it's real important to talk about the physical cores and the the physical cores and the amount of memory that you have in your in your configuration okay so those are all those are all right so so uh you can run in in this configuration you can run over 500 tiny vms with four compute notes now and and and we have we have competitors who who will say that they can stand up x number of vms on some small number of notes the catch here is uh are you really going to run 500 vms through a 10 gig pipe uh i mean you you you can you can you okay you bonded for 40 and you still have over 500 vms so the question the question you have to ask yourself is what are the workloads and and how much and how much bandwidth is each vm going to need and and so uh the outbound marketing people at hp just pounded on us and said you can run 144 vms on each one of these notes and i just kept shaking my head saying i i don't know how to to actually justify that in terms of a real world experience but that's a number and it can be run if they're all really really tiny now now would you be doing that i probably not probably not so the key here is to focus on in my mind is to focus on how much memory do you have how many physical cores do you have and how much bandwidth do you have and then on top of all of that what are the workloads that you're going to be running so if you're running you know little if you're if you're running a vm that requires one whole physical core you're never going to get to 500 right so i mean that that question is is asked you know i mean it's a it's a good question lots of yes yes so uh yeah so uh the the next slide that we show is going to be you know what this bait and switch thing was all about well so just add another thing to that so so if you kind of have an idea of what your workloads are going to be or what combination of vm flavors you're going to have you you've got a better starting point figuring out what those ratios ought to be um if i'm trying to remember what the number is who remember what's what's the sizes for a for a large vm m dot large remember what those sizes are i so i'm trying to remember it because i mean actually we have we have a white paper that lists various scenarios in that large case i don't remember the number of vms i just remember in the large in the large case you end up with um you actually hit your limit when you get to um let's see in this scenario the disk space is actually you're limiting factor so you'll hit that limit on disk space a little bit before you hit it on memory and you end up 1.4 over subscribed on virtual cpu's or on cpu's so i mean so so if you have those if you know what your mix is and you can you can run the numbers and figure it out and tweak things a little bit based on that but that's but that's kind of the that's the analysis we did and that's that's also where that 10 to 1 ratio of storage to memory also helps because that that matches the the vm flavors so it kind of keeps your keeps you balanced there all right any questions before jay summarizes all right there you go so so what we've given here is a three three different configurations one for hos 1.1 one for susie open stack cloud and one for the proposed hos 2.0 which is coming out very very very soon and they're they're not just reference architectures what we've done to help stand up your first private cloud is to rack and stack and optimize all of this stuff and deliver a product like this so that it now the reference architectures will have the build of materials in the in the appendix and and you would be able to look at that and go and buy all the cables and the racks and the power supplies and all of that stuff from any vendor that that you would want or you could actually buy the product like this that that would have it pretty much i mean that's a that's a very very good representation of the of the helion rack which is the which is based on hos 1.1 it'd be slightly different for the susie open stack cloud and slightly different for hos 2.0 the nice thing about this is it's it's all cabled optimized it's it's tuned switch configurations are done in the factory it's delivered to the data center and then professional services teams come out and and install open stack for you and and or with you depending on how you want how you want to do that a couple of things about it first of all it really kind of want to look on the right hand side there so these barriers to adoption so one of the things that that's changing and certainly when i asked the very first question of how many people are actually have actually deployed a production open stack cloud the first time we talked about this stuff a year ago i can't remember there might have been one person in in the audience who who who raised their hand and said that they had actually deployed and and one of the questions that i then ask everybody else was well gosh we have you know thousands and thousands of people coming to open stack summit and there's a big the big buzz and it's the largest open source project in the world why aren't why aren't there more open stack clouds being run and when i started asking people that it was well it's complex and it's expensive and so one of the nice things about this particular box if you will this cloud in iraq is that it mitigates some of that complexity and some of the time to production so when we deployed our first i'm sorry was there a question is there a question okay when we deployed our first open stack private cloud at a customer site we we we found out after it was deployed and in production we talked to the folks who did the installation and the question was how long does it take for a typical open stack deployment in so you have open stack engineers going into a data center and evaluating the hardware and installing a production running open stack and the the answer was it takes usually about three weeks which is actually pretty fast when this was deployed the very first one off the factory floor delivered to the customer three days up and running which is significantly faster and so again when you're taking this risk of building your first private private cloud getting it up getting getting your toys unwrapped and and being able to play with them quickly is a good thing um so see we're getting short on time here let's let's go to the summary of best practices so um again i've i've i've i've talked about mitigating risk a lot use known reliable hardware again i'm not saying you have to use hp although i work for hp so full disclosure it's always good to use use our stuff but when you're building this first private cloud you you really don't want or can afford to have hardware issues during your learning experience of maintaining an open stack private cloud okay it's it's one thing to get it installed and deployed and then maintained so hardware that is known reliable and easy to manage is is a is a good thing use similar architecture for your physical hosts as i mentioned before not only are your workloads going to change but the the as you scale out you you may want to use these servers and for different roles and so to the extent that you have a similar architecture it makes it easy to redeploy these boxes into to the roles that they might play perfect example is the change from our hos 1.1 to our h hos 2.0 we went from a triple o type of deployment methodology to an ansible based methodology and we were able to reduce the number of nodes in the control plane so for a customer who has hos 1.1 and they want to migrate to hos 2.0 they they can now go from five nodes to two to three nodes and so the question might be well what do i do with those other two nodes well they're dl360s turn them into compute nodes right you could have gone with what steve said and used a laptop for your seed node or some very very small not very powerful box but then what do you do with it when you when you're when open stack changes and it will change right i mean we're we're going through a a c change so expect your so so use similar architecture expect workload variability that is absolutely going to change and when we develop this product we talk to lots of customers lots of partners we talk to folks in public cloud and one of the things that the folks in the public cloud said was we have we have customers who say these are our workloads this is what we want to be stood up for us and it it was never right it was never right their workloads changed and so that will change and so you want to have at least at the front end you want to have hardware that can be either compute as an example be there a compute node or storage node whether it be object store block store plan to scale up and out that's going to happen you're you're you're not going to build a a single rack private cloud and have it stay there it's it's going to scale out and then of course configure for high high availability so one of the things that we've seen is that the control plane is at least in this point of time is going to stay at around three nodes so that you can so that you can stay highly available so you definitely want to start planning on that so you you know the the physical network switches you want to think about what kinds of switching you're going to be using so that so that you have the the port numbers and the and the bandwidth so I guess just just one more point on that so we didn't talk a whole lot about the high availability but obviously when you start thinking about how that factors in there are a lot other things that kind of go into that and that will drive such as if you really want a high availability you're going to spread it across multiple racks right or multiple zones you're going to split up your object storage you know the same way nodes in each rack redundant switches those kind of things which we didn't go through here but that is also part of the the thought process you need to you know you need to put in upfront or at least build that first rack and that initial deployment so that you know that you can get to that high availability scenario when you want to get there sorry j so and just one more thing before i before we close when we when we began selling the the helion rack we we knew that the scale out would would happen over time it would it would be based on how successful the deployment went and and how quickly the user was up and running and one of the things that we found out that happened very very quickly is this particular customer very large entertainment company on the west coast of of the united states you've all heard of them but they haven't given me permission yet to say their name but let's just say that they do a lot of media stuff they they went in it was probably two or three months maybe less than that after their first rack to now they're at three racks and so it's happening very very fast and and i and i would expect that that if your first private cloud is successful it will expand very very quickly so with that uh any questions around the back you got it so you guys mentioned that you guys allowed to repurpose different racks that you have in place so my experience with the bigger thing the biggest problem that i have is pretty much is discovery almost of like the ipmi interfaces sort of things do you have any provision for that in your rack or do you have a particular inventory set in place fixed or something can you really discover can i grow this rack in place etc etc i didn't get all of that did you yeah what was so for example like you repurpose machines right so machines that used to be part of the part of the control plane can be used for store computer nodes or something or vice versa right uh so i would assume that at a certain point if you want to run ansible stuff things like ipmi ipmi discovery and things like this will be easier if you have a knowledge of at least which MAC addresses exist etc i would do which part of it long either to the data plane to the control plane is that something that you have casted in place or do you have it a priori or yeah right right now that kind of functionality is not in place as part of i mean as part of helan open stack gotcha so for example things like a particular network car has to be replaced or something having different MAC address would you accommodate for this uh i don't know how it's done in helan open stack honestly that's a that's a great question i'll read more about this thank you that's a great question any other questions all right that's why we didn't do the apollo on the first on the first one because we wanted okay but it doesn't mean that the apollos are not supported it just means that the apollos are not in that reference architecture and in this product yeah in fact there are there's there are use cases where the Apollo is great there's certain absolutely where is the perfect yeah if you're a if you're a swift object store if those are your workloads oh equally for compute i mean there's a version that would be the dense compute that would be perfect i mean just again it kind of depends on if you know what your workload is and what you want to do there's scenarios where those those boxes are perfect for i i understand that hp bought some company then those are some kind of software to include with the helian that you never mentioned that something like uh somewhere that will make it easier to like you include apache and all those stuff and all script and everything i i don't remember that name but i think hp bought that and i thought you got to combine with this one but you never mentioned it doesn't ring the bell no it doesn't this is a this yeah this reference architecture is a pure helion product so it's it's it's open stack i mean it's it's open stack with our with our deployment wrapper over the top of it but um you can i mean obviously it's open stack so you can dump all kinds of other tools and scripting utilities on top of it but i'm not really sure what you're okay i'll find out does the hp networking hardware supports acceleration like rdma which is beneficial for the the so in hos 2.0 the 58 the 59 30 switch does and the hardware which is included in the dl3 80 or 360s the 10 gig cards they all support it yeah so that's a that's a great question so in the in the base configuration we we have um straight intel um 10 gig nicks but one of the nice things about this particular configuration is you can configure using different types of nicks in in the boxes so during during the ordering process you can say well we've standardized on this different nick or we want to use um you know maybe want a low latency type of workloads and so we we use some you know very low latency of hardware in the in the box i appreciate it any other questions let's go to the booth crawl thank you


As-salamu alaikum brothers and sisters, quite some splendid news reaching us last week. I had a new fresh boost to Islam right in London. The centre of London, As-Shanu, has its iconic landmark, the Traucadero, which was soon have parts of its space transformed into a mosque, it accommodated up to 390 people at a time. It's all thanks to the efforts of an African Muslim billionaire known as Mr Aziz, who is backing this project through his charity foundation. Interestingly, he initially applied for permission to hold 1,000 persons, but it was granted for 390 persons in the basement of the building, may Allah accept his good deeds and also desire his Amen. Do you know the London Traucadero? Back in the day, it was a palace of arcade games, cinemas and fast food, a teenager's heaven. The entertainment centre closed down in 2014, and London was worse for it, but the building will live to see another day. The former site of the Trauc has been bought by property developer, referred to as the meanest landlord during the pandemic, and is being turned into a three-story house of prayer and Islamic centre. Malawian origin, UK-based business and property tycoon, Asif Aziz, has got rights to build a masjid in a prestigious property, a move welcomed by the Muslims of London. Do kindly take a moment to like and share this video. If you haven't already, please do subscribe to the channel, it will be of immense assistance to us. After Muslims in London celebrated the conversion of parts of the Traucadero into a masjid, some self-proclaimed British Christian Patriots took to the street to voice their grievances. Their mate is baseless desperation, Islamophobia, hate and confusion. This lady with a cross in hand seemed to have come to a Muslim majority in the UK. Why? I can't pinpoint the exit location where this video was shot. The contacts and accents suggest it was likely in downtown London. It's quite apparent that the lady came to harass Muslims attempting to accept that Britain is a Christian nation. But how true is that? The Muslim guys in the video claimed that Islam has taken over. But let's pause and ponder on the veracity of this statement. Is it appropriate for a Muslim to conclude that Islam has overrun the United Kingdom? Please share your thoughts in the comment section and remember Charles Dawkins seemed to have a very cordial answer to the question, is Britain a Christian country? The first thing that the poll showed was that the number of people who call themselves Christian has dropped from 72%, I think it was, in the 2001 census to 54% now and the margin of error might be plus or minus 2 when the final census figures comes out. So that's already a dramatic drop in the number of people who call themselves Christian. What was more interesting in a way was when we look further at what those 54%, remember we now wiped out all the people who don't call themselves Christian at all. These are the census Christians, we call them the census Christians. When we look at them, even they are not in many cases really Christian in the sense that most of the Christians here would, for example, recognise I suspect and of course they're absolutely free to call themselves Christian if they wish, totally free country, you can label yourself anything you like. What worried us and what still worries us is that if you label yourself Christian, then the numerical strength that you add to the Christian figure may then be used by a much narrower constituency of Christian who will then argue, oh well, the country is so and so many percent Christian therefore we need bishops in the House of Lords and so on.  But beware of using the ammunition of the percentage number of Christians, even though it's now dropped from 72 to 54, beware of using that figure as ammunition for pushing through really strong, narrowly defined Christian values. To be honest, Britain appreciate the old architectural wonders of the Christian era, but to call it a Christian nation in this trite sense of the word, especially with the presence of a king would be no go. As a Muslim, why are you in the Christian country and not the Christians are in the Muslim country which is, you know, has a prosperity? Do you believe England's a Christian country? Oh yes, it has a big, huge history. So this country in England, Darwinian evolution is directly against Christianity. Yet we teach our children in school as a fact this is true. In England, you could be gender fluid, change transgenders. In England, homosexuality, men can marry men. What type of Christian country allows men marrying men? What kind of Christian country allows this? What kind of Christian country teaches our children that we evolve from common ancestors and we weren't created by God? So let's establish one thing. England is not a Christian country. England is a secular democracy. One of the British values is freedom of religion. Now, I'll ask you a question. What are you doing in my country? I'm England. Regarding the video where a Christian challenges a Muslim, let's be mindful of people like this lady, my fellow Muslims in the UK, we must strive to avoid arguing or getting physical with even the most radical of them, let conduct ourselves peacefully and leave the battle to Allah who has made it possible for Islam to gain its strong foothold and what was once a Christian kingdom. We pray, inshallah, that one day Islam will prevail worldwide. Lest you forget Allah says in Surah Asif As-Assaf chapter 61 verse 9. He is these who has sent his messenger Muhammad with guidance on the religion of truth Islam to make it victorious over all other religions. Even though the polytheists hate it. I appreciate our effort by like and sharing. And if you haven't already subscribed to increase our reach, any subscription helps the channel to improve and spread it out. Until we meet next time. Assalamualaikum.


And we're going to give them affine equations where each of them is going to be a pair, an a and a b, that's telling us what the map does to x and what the map does to y. And for the Frobenius endomorphism, it's very simple. We know it's supposed to be raising to q-th powers. So what is pi sub l going to do? Well, we should take x to the q and y to the q. What would the Frobenius endomorphism do with an affine point x comma y? It would send it to x to the q comma y to the q, which would also be an affine point. So I don't need to worry about projective points. Right now, we're sort of nailing everything down. Our pointed infinity is fixed. But we want to work in this quotient ring. So we're going to take x to the q. We need to reduce modulo this ideal. But in fact, since we only have an x here, it's enough to just reduce mod h. For our y to the q, we're going to first take advantage that y squared is equal to f of x in our quotient ring. And so we're going to replace y to the q. q is odd with f of x to the q minus 1 over 2 times y. And we can reduce our f of x to the q minus 1 over 2 mod h. And so we're then going to wind up with notice the form of our Frobenius endomorphism looks like some polynomial in x, which has a degree less than h comma another polynomial in x, which has a degree less than h, and just a single y that's just sitting there. And notice we can always get things down to just a single y, because we have a y squared equals f of x so we can use to kill any higher powers. OK, so that's Frobenius endomorphism. How about 1? Well, 1 is pretty simple. What does it do? It doesn't do anything. It sends x to x mod h. It sends y to y, the image of y in this ring, which if we want to represent it as some polynomial in x times y, it should be 1 mod h times y. Now you might worry about what about all, are we sure that every endomorphism can be represented in this way? Well, we actually care about the subring generated by 1 and pi sub l. As long as we know how to add and multiply, perform the ring operations in our endomorphism ring, and I can show you how to do that and always get an answer out that's in the same form. Some a of x comma b of xy will know that we can take this as our standard representation. But for now, I guess I'll just ask you to, in the lecture notes, I'll give more details on this, but I'll just ask you to accept for the moment that every element of our endomorphism ring restricted to the L-torsion has a unique representation of a form a of x comma b of xy, where a and b are both reduced mod h. It's not true that every pair I write down, I mean I can't just pick an a and b out of the air and throw a y in there and say, oh, that's an endomorphism. That's definitely not true. That's not what I'm claiming. What I'm claiming is that every endomorphism can be written uniquely in this form. And in particular, if I want to compare two endomorphisms, I can do so just by comparing the a's and the b's. Any question on this set up here, yeah? Yeah, for every L, we're gonna have to compute the division polynomials, but the good news is, L is only going up to log q in the division polynomial. So we're gonna get, so we think if n is our log q, L's going up to roughly n, O of n, division polynomial degree is gonna be on the order of n squared. Spoiler alert, the complexity is gonna come out to be n to the fifth. But that's not just polynomial time, that's a pre-reasonable polynomial. And actually computing division polynomials is very quick. We can compute them as fast as we can write them down. But they're big, they have size n cubed. If L is on the order of n, there's n squared coefficients and each of the coefficients has log q bits, but log q is n, so the size of the division polynomials is n cubed. And this is where the comment I made about multiplying big integers really comes in in spades where all of these polynomials of degree n squared over a finite field with n bits, whenever we wanna multiply two of them, we're gonna end up converting them into integers with n cubed bits in them. There's really no advantage because you can compute them as fast as you could read them off disk. Up to a log factor. And remember the division polynomials depend on E, so you would have to pre-compute them for every E you might ever be interested in, right? Yeah, they're not like the, say the classical modular polynomials, which will show up in the problem session where there is a lot of value to pre-computing because it takes, even though we can compute them as fast as we can read them off disk, the log factors and the constant factors make it somewhat annoying to do that. And they're universal. They work for every elliptic curve. Any other questions? Okay, all right. So let's suppose we have two arbitrary elements of our endomorphism ring that are already in the representation I claimed we were going to be using. So I have an alpha one, an alpha two that I'm thinking of as elements of the endomorphism ring of the L-torsion. And they're written in the form A1 of x, comma B1 of xy and A2 of x, comma B2 of xy. And notice the y is really just sort of a semantic place, mental placeholder. The algorithm itself never uses the y's because the y's always there. So we can make it implicit. We're really just going to be working with pairs of univariate polynomials. But there are going to be cases where we do need to convert to get back to a linear y and so we have to incorporate that computation. So that's why I want to keep them in all the slides. So it turns out contrary to what you might have expected multiplication in the endomorphism ring is a lot easier to do than addition. Multiplication is very easy. How do we multiply anamorphisms while we compose anamorphisms? We're just, we just want to compose the rational maps. So how do we compose the rational maps? Well, we want to compute alpha three in the form A3 of x, comma B3 of xy. Well, what's A3 of x? Well, I should just run x through A2 and A1. Note the, note the order, right? Because A3 is, I'm thinking of A1 applied to A2. So x is going into, sorry, alpha two, x is going into alpha two first and then alpha one. So x goes into A2 first and then A1. What about the y-coordinate? Well, we need to plug, so the y-coordinate, the function, the rational function for the y-coordinate depends on both x and y. So we need to plug both x and y in. OK, and so our, and this means that our B3 of x is going to end up getting replaced by B1 of A2 of x times B2 of x, and then there's a y at the end. And so this is literally just blindly plugging and chugging these xy pairs into the anamorphisms. Of course, we need to, after we do these polynomial compositions, we may get polynomials of degree greater than h, and so we should reduce the mod h. So we need to do a polynomial, a composition of univariate polynomials to perform the step that we're then going to reduce mod h. But this is something the computer algebra systems are really good at. They know how to do this. We don't have to think about it. So this slide will turn into basically one line of code. All right, let's talk about addition. So the slide only looks scary because I put the entire group law up here. I mean, I could have written this much more succinctly by just saying, well, add anamorphisms the same way where you would add points. In fact, you could think of this entire algorithm as working on an elliptic curve over this weird ring that we've defined. And the addition law is exactly the same as the addition law for every elliptic curve, with one exception. Our ring may have zero divisors. And so we do need to think about what will happen if we can't invert one of these denominators, invert the function of one of these denominators. But just because I don't want to assume that everybody has the group law for an elliptic curve memorized, of course, I hope you all do. Let's just recall it. All of these formulas can be derived from the rule I said, I think maybe in the very first or second lecture, three points on a line sum to zero. That's all you need to know if civilization were to end and the internet were to disappear and you were struggling to rebuild society. The only thing you'd need to remember to recover the group operation, group law and elliptic curve is three points on a line sum to zero and you're good to go. So when works out what those formulas imply, you need to compute, if you have two points, you need to compute the slope of the line between them. You need to figure out where it intersects and then that sums to zero. So to add them you want to then negate the y-coordinate. And so you go through that exercise and it spits out these formulas. And so m here is representing the slope of the line between two distinct points or the quote, slope of the tangent line, which for our curves in, well, it depends on the situation. But yeah, so I'll just say that's the slope of the tangent line. And we can write a sort of a not a uniform expression. This depends on when we're, if we're doubling points or rather if we're adding two points, we need to consider a special case where those points are actually the same or even if they have the same x-coordinate, we might need to do something special. Notice if they have the same x-coordinate, there's only two things that can happen. Either they have the same y-coordinate and we're doubling a point or they have opposite y-coordinates and we're going to get zero. But if one plugs through these formulas, which I don't ask you to try and do mentally, I'm not going to try and walk you through it, what you find is that you can compute exactly what a3 and b3 should be.  And b3 is r times a1 minus a3 minus b1. So modulo, this r being potentially messy, the formulas are quite simple. And we'll see that the code to implement this slide actually takes up less space than the slide itself. So now I want to talk about the one potential issue that we need to be prepared to handle. And it sounds like the kind of thing that you might be tempted to think, oh, we should try to avoid this problem, maybe we should just skip that all if this ever happens, or just cross our fingers and hope we get lucky. No, no, we should be hoping this happens. Because what does it mean if we hit a zero divisor in our ring? It means we found a divisor of h. And if we found a divisor of h, we're going to be very happy, because all the computations I described, they were working in this ring with an ideal where we were modding out by h. If we find a divisor of h, which is generally going to either be one of two types, it's going to be the kernel of an isogeny, an isogeny kernel polynomial whose roots are the x-coordinates of points in an isogeny, or it's coming from an old torsion point, a rational torsion point on the elliptic curve. And in both cases, we can suddenly make the algorithm a lot faster. And the beautiful thing is, because of our lemma, we don't actually even need to be clever to do that. All we need to do is detect when we hit a divisor and restart the algorithm with a better h. And we'll see that happen in real life. So our strategy, as I summarize in the slide, if we encounter a zero divisor, so we find a denominator we can't invert, the first thing we should do is take the GCD of that denominator with h. And we're guaranteed to have a non-trivial factor of h, because if that didn't happen, we could invert it. And we can even be clever enough to take the smaller non-trivial factor, which we will do. And then we're going to replace h by our smaller polynomial and just restart the algorithm and say, I know I told you to use the division polynomial. Forget that. Here's a better h. And just do your thing. And as I noted, the lemma implies that this will still work, even if we're restricting our endomorphisms. So now what are we doing? We're doing something kind of crazy. We're restricting our endomorphisms to the action on the kernel of some isogeny, or even to their action on a single rational point, where of course it's very easy to compute the trace.


The pro football Hall of Fame game, so this is a perfect opportunity to ask fans to give me a player who's not in the Hall of Fame But should be He took down Tom Brady twice in the Super Bowl gotta go with Antonio Brown the best Raider of all time Bernie Kozak He's the best quarterback ever Taylor For the Jaguars


Yes we are back with some more of why in the morning as promised special thanks to Hilda with Ithi and Joi Mochachi for that amazing segment that gets our Wednesday starting on a laughing note. So if you happen to get some videos that might go viral or that might break the views as the name suggests just send it to us on Y2F4 channel on Twitter, Y2F4 underscore channel on Instagram and Y2F4 on Facebook so we can share it with the world and with the people so we can laugh together. So right about now you know it's time for your favorite segment and this is strength of a woman and my strength of a woman of the day before I introduce her I go by the name of Bayou Moses or it's Bayou Mo on every social media platform so please follow follow follow for more insight on why in the morning she's a fashion designer and she's a trained journalist as well and she's she's fresh off the boat she just landed into the country from a trip's fashion related and she goes by the name Karen over Karibusano. Thank you so much. Your camera is number four I always like to do this I like to give people the power in their hands to share their credentials. Okay my name is Kiranovia on Instagram my real name is Eve Minor. Yes but my fashion label is known as Eve Adams. My name and my late dad's name. Your name and your late dad's name in memory of daddy. Yes. Adams. Yeah. All right why didn't you pick Minor as the name to go with? Well I thought about the classiness of the. The classiness of the name. Yeah and Eve Adams sounded a lot. A lot more classier. Yeah. And you didn't want to be tribal with it also. No. No. A lot of people here Eve Adams they think it's like an international brand but it's just a Kenyan girl. It's just a Kenyan girl who makes the name with the late dad's name to come up with something special. Yes. All right so it's been a long time coming Eve and you've been designing for a while. Yeah. But this is not what you went to school for right? No. Actually I did but it was I already had the skill to soak clothing so what I wanted was just the exposure which the school was able to give me. Yeah which is known as Buruburu Institute of Fine Art. Of Fine Art. So here they train fashion designers, they train painters, they train all kinds of artists. All kinds of art yeah. All right Buruburu Institute of Fashion of Fine Art. Fine Art. Yes. All right so this is where you learnt the finer details in fashion. Yes. All right why did you pick this career because from what I know you went to media school as well. Yeah I always had a passion for design and clothing has always been a part of me ever since I was a kid. I used to pick out my clothes ever since I was like five. I always knew what I wanted to wear and when I grew it progressed into me thinking creatively about it. So I started now sketching and from sketching I decided let me now make the correct the outfit itself which I had a lot of support from my mom. I used to get material fabrics from her. So every time I sketch I would try to sew but hand sewing before I started using the single machine. The Singer. Yes. Singer is a classic. Do you have any other machines that are used by designers apart from Singer? Because my mom had one as well. I've never seen a different brand from Singer. It's actually Singer. The brand itself is known as Singer but the one they used to overlook clothing is still. Singer. All right so I've never seen any other brand. It seems they've stood the taste of time. I see some of your pictures on the screen right there. These are some of the fashion weeks or fashion events you manage to be part of. But that's you right there in pink and black. Yes. All right so I always see this. Once you're done with your showcase your models have worked the runway the designer comes out with our best models. What is it? That is like the best part because you know people get to see who is behind all the beauty and they appreciate the designer and then they now get to interact with you one-on-one. That is where people get to see the force behind what they have been seeing. Yes. It's that special time. I've seen fashion designers. Renown fashion designers do it. If we can rewind back to the white outfits where we have Eva or Kirinovia in glue. I'd love to see that. This one is also amazing. This is the same. Yes this is Nairobi fashion market. This is Nairobi fashion market. Yes. The venue dates. It's in Gong Rescos. I don't remember they did very well because it's a while back but it was one of my biggest platforms to ever showcase because it had. I love the outfits. I love the outcome. Thank you. The all white. Why did you pick white as a theme color for this? I actually drew my inspiration from Marilyn Monroe. I liked the white. Do you remember the iconic picture of her in the white dress? Yes so I picked that from her and I decided let me now create a collection of feminine clothing because I found that very feminine. I just like the way it's so ladylike. You can show your your feminine side.  All right so in Spadland Marilyn Monroe as iconic picture you did this for Nairobi fashion market. Yes. All right I like this. You dressed yourself as well because you also killed the game right there. I had to like break the monotony of white so I went with black and peach. Peach that is not fake. All right. Why is color blind here? We can rewind to the other picture where she where Eva is in blue. Yes as they find that picture you are telling me about sketching yeah. Yes. Sketching is an important aspect of fashion design. Oh yes. All right so nowadays the people who used to play piano they have an alternative of making beats from a computer. The people who used to who used to paint kind of paint on a computer or do the graphic design on computer does is sketching in fashion as sketching in fashion revolutionized like this. Do you have softwares for sketching? Well yeah there are certain softwares people usually use but I prefer the analog way of designing because you get to you decide your scribble it's really rough and raw when you do it on paper rather than on the internet. I've seen quite a lot of people using the the internet one the one you get to sketch and even add 3D or it's design yeah it's it's cute but I prefer the the original way of sketching because it makes you open up creatively in your mind. There's just something about the pencil. Yes. All right so you like to sketch the traditional way. Yes now you know it. One thing you didn't know from Kira Novia is that all the designs hand sketched. Love you about to know if they're handmade as well. Whitefifor channel on Twitter Whitefifor underscore channel on Instagram and Whitefifor on Facebook is the way to interact with us. Don't forget to leave the hashtag Queens Wednesday and the most important one is strength of a woman. You view your questions and suggestions are invited as well. So we have the picture ready and here is another white affair. What is it about white? I find white very soothing it's very calming and at the same time it looks angelic and it looks angelic. Yes I thought about the way the ladies would look on the runway before I sketched the outfits and I decided I was going to do a neutral color which is white and other designers were so jealous because they saw the outfits you're like wow this is something. All right so when you're preparing for a runway show do you like is it like making an album for an artist there's clothes have to be related. Oh yes because you think about the character you wanted to protect like for me I thought about femininity and the early 20s which is one of my biggest inspirations I love Vogue patterns Vogue are very old designers and the white outfits were really they were from back then the collection you're seeing there and I thought let me sketch each outfit as to what I would like to wear on a day-to-day basis. So most of these things are your taste. Yes this is something you'd wear on a Sunday maybe. Oh yes that's a jumpsuit or it's jumpsuit with a sweetheart neckline and I would wear that to a date. To a date. Yeah all right dates are really important to ladies ISE. It's always something I'd wear for a date. All right what about this other one with a slit? Yeah that's our red carpet it was my masterpiece actually and people really like they go to a magazine featured that and they are. Wow I like this. So I thought about the slit because I like Tony Braxton a lot. All right so this was inspired by Tony as well. Yes so I picked the model who was star at that time and her body is really really as you can see she's really petite and Tony Braxton is. So I was thinking how do I enhance features on such a petite woman so I thought about cropping the top and the slit. Details at least I see I see what you did there. Yeah all right so one thing I've noticed apart from you loving white so much is you loving petite models. Yes actually what is it with our our plus size sisters tell me today. Well it's not so much about how tiny a person because I can work with anyone but at the time the models I was getting were from an agency which has strict measurements and sizes for the models they want so I was working with those models at that time. So this is as per the standards of the of the event of the fashion event. Yes. All right it's not like killing over discriminating again. No no no I make clothing for all body types I have clients who are actually really big. All right yeah. So another question I've always had for fashion for a fashion designer I've always wanted to have this by the way so I can ask all these questions. So when we come from this point of what is it showcasing your designs is it limited edition or there is a face where now you transform it to mass production. Well it when you're done with the show there's usually one outfit that stands out the most. Like this one. I love this one. Rewind please. Rewind please. I love this one. The model is beautiful. Yes yes she is. The such a dress by the way I actually had to make this on order because people liked it so much and everyone was like that dress with the model who had the ponytail. So I knew who they were talking about automatically because I when I was creating this I thought it was a formal event gown and a lot of people like to wear simple outfits on events but still classy and outstanding. So when people started demanding for the white for that particular one. Yes I started making now in bulk and in different sizes because people come in different shapes. All right so they send them a ship.  Yeah so that's why the runway is very important because after you showcase now you get the reception from the people. What people want. Yeah so when people go for a certain outfit that is the one you realize you have to make in. All right I've noticed people also don't like to walk into a venue and see especially I'm sorry to say ladies because for guys if I show up to an event and my my brother or my n-word is somewhere that with the same outfit as me I'll be like wow whoa I like this I like this but for ladies if they see if they see somebody with the same exact outfit they feel like ah why did I do this so how do you make them different because it when people make their orders yeah they want to stand out obviously how do you make this one different from the next one and going on and on and on to number one and read. So you know I usually get different type of people when it comes to clients there's a client who will come to you and they would want the exact thing they saw in the runway. They don't care. Yeah they want that I just want that the way it looks nothing changes but then there's another one who will come and they will sit down with them and they'll be like but I want this but I want this to change or I want you to add this and this so that's how you get to you know manipulate what type of clients do you prefer the one I want the exact one on the runway or I like it but I want this to to bounce a little bit more a little bit of both because I I like challenges but then I also like challenges that's why I like thinking outside the box so when someone comes and they challenge you and they want you to change something it makes you think what what can I possibly do to this outfit to make it different wow I love this so much yeah so it changes you your mentality you it makes you work I don't like put you to work all right so as a fashion designer the other the other what is it with other aspects of the industry that make fashion design what it is right here right now what are some of these things if somebody out there would like to exploit a career in fashion and they're not necessarily gifted in designing or stating like myself I've tried to stitch but create myself once 1000 times I know that's the hard part people usually don't like the sewing part of it but I would encourage them to love your tools that's what I say love your tools because you need those needles you need the single machine to create your masterpiece I didn't like sewing at first but with time I started enjoying it because you know you get to see what you're actually making and it's you know when you see your final product as an artist that is like the all right that is like the what from your face I can tell yeah you just feel like you've accomplished yeah so I would encourage anyone who wants to do fashion but don't have the expertise of sewing just go to school I did that all right but not because I didn't know how to my grandmother had the machine way before so I learned how to learn way way before it's a family of designers yeah but my question was really what are some of the other aspects of the fashion industry that somebody who's interested in fashion convention like say for an event like this one to be possible yeah what are some of the other people who are who are there to make it possible so okay fashion is the good thing about it is it's really wide so those are the things I'm looking for yeah photography is one yes photography is a huge and this you get to interact with models a lot yeah that's one of the parks about photography but then it also you get to make money from your skill of photography because people love photos and in this era fashion blogging has become a thing where you can't make the clothes and you don't want to learn how to make clothing but you want to be in the industry so you get to take photos of clothing that you find interesting and you know put them up on maybe your and review yeah I know you hate critics yeah yes because I actually go through the hassle of making this so when someone criticizes me I'm like why are they talking about something you've done for six months they sit down for 10 minutes yeah and write something about it yeah so we have the fashion critics as well yeah thank you designed by yourself as well yes all right so we have fashion critics yeah we have photographers there's no fashion without photography because we have to document this what else is there so there's also fashion is really weird like I said so there's also the supply we can name a few yeah supplies of fabrics you can go out there and scout fabrics like if you like to travel don't just go out there and don't you know check out the places where they actually sell fabrics because we have culture in fabrics so when you go to Singapore go to the clothing stores check out the fabrics bring them to buy them by the way and you'll make a lot of money you guys like to experiment a lot yeah all right so there's fabric there's photography there's makeup as well there's there's event organizing there's there's the media part of it there's the PR there's marketing there's lots and lots of things in the fashion industry if you'd like to venture the last thing I'd like to talk about is what were you doing in Spain and how was the experience well it was not really much in terms of the selling of clothing but it's just the experience of getting to see the different varieties of clothes yeah designers yeah and fashion yeah which city were you in Barcelona Barcelona Barcelona is the fashion hub yeah it is but not so much but they're getting there it's just like you know in Kenya we have a lot of people who are into fashion because it's a thing right now but they are actually on it it's like if you want to wear your outfit you know in Kenya we are yet to get there but we are I think we're headed we are yet to get to that place where somebody is saying is I have Eve yes on me Eve Adams yes on me yeah so it's work in progress for the fashion industry yeah your social media handles as we wrap this up your camera is number so my social media handles are Kiryanovia at all social media platforms and yeah you can check me out on either one right Hala if you want to place your order yeah you can just DM all right yeah DMs are invited as well thank you very much Eve for coming through to wear in the morning we appreciate you slant the woman has come to an end and today we had Eva who's a CEO and founder and the designer at Kiryanovia Eve Adams Eve Adams rather Eve Adams fashion Eve Adams fashion line fashion line you call it the fashion line yes Eve Adams fashion line that is the name but you can find out Kiryanovia on Instagram and there you can place your order and that and there you can find out how she does a thing how she goes about a thing she's done a lot from Nairobi fashion market to visiting Barcelona just to experience the fashion if you think you know somebody who fits this spot for strength of woman white 54 channel on Twitter white 54 underscore channel on Instagram and white 54 on Facebook is the way to reach us don't forget the hashtag strength of woman and don't forget the hashtag why in the morning and we'll bring her here it doesn't have to be business it could be given back to the community so Calamity Valley is coming up next with Girlstock it's a hot topic you don't want to miss it don't touch that doubt