Hi, this is Susie Henderson with EDUCAUSE. Thanks for joining me for Online Presenter Coaching, a series of recorded sessions about a variety of topics brought to you by the EDUCAUSE Speaker Concierge. Our goal is to provide you with the tools and information you need to be a successful online presenter. During this session, we will learn about Adobe Connect features and functionality, how to practice in an Adobe Connect room, and finally discuss the professional support you can expect when delivering your presentation with an Adobe Connect for an EDUCAUSE event. Let's get started exploring Adobe Connect features and functionality which will help you to effectively use Adobe Connect. For those of you presenting an exclusive online session for a conference, those sessions are always delivered with an Adobe Connect web conferencing software. Here is a typical Adobe Connect layout with six pods. Starting from the upper left, the pods are speaker identification. In the lower left corner, you can see chat and ask questions, and then going across the bottom to the right, real-time polls, the roster with one-on-one chat, and information such as audio issues. The largest window is where the slides are displayed. Just remember, Adobe Connect is like the blank canvas that you see here. Certain elements or pods need to be there such as the chat or the video or headshots, but there is flexibility to relocate, resize, or introduce new pods for an experience. We will spend the next few minutes talking about recommended fonts, pods which are the building blocks of Adobe Connect and features and uses of pods so that you can effectively design your presentation or seminar experience. When developing your PowerPoint, it is critical that you use a supported font. A supported font is one that is available from within Adobe Connect. Why is this important? Non-supported fonts are automatically changed into Arial during conversion. Let's repeat that. Independent fonts, such as the popular Calibri, are automatically converted into Arial. I suggest that you start with Arial as you develop your presentation so words and charts are created and displayed appropriately. Use the master slide to set Arial as a default font within your PowerPoint template. Otherwise, you will have to reformat each and every slide. Just want to know who their presenters are. To indicate who is speaking within Adobe Connect, we can display a headshot with your title and name and rotate among the headshots if there are multiple presenters. We can also do live video of one or more presenters, as you can see in the lower video capture. The third option is to do a combination of headshots and video. Video is desirable if you are participating in a discussion or panel format. In the roster and the one-on-one chat, notice that there are three roles listed and everyone with that role is listed under the heading. The three roles designate the level of permissions within the Adobe Connect system. If you are a host, you have complete control of all features within the system and are designated an expert who is there to support the operation of Adobe Connect. A presenter and the host can view the presenter-only area within Adobe Connect that enables private communication during the session and controls features of the system. We will take a look at that just a few slides later. A presenter can control their slides by moving the arrows in the lower left corner of the presentation slide pod. A participant views the public portion of the interface and can respond to polls, communicate through the chat and send private messages to other participants. One of the most common uses of Adobe Connect is to deliver a PowerPoint presentation. Some features of PowerPoint are not available within Adobe Connect when a PowerPoint presentation is uploaded to Adobe Connect and converted for delivery. If you are using word art, stacked text, smart art, charts, text effect, effects on shapes or images or non-aerial fonts, please carefully read this chart for more details. Any type of content that you can access from or create on your desktop can be displayed to an audience through the Adobe Connect Share My Screen pod. This includes a PowerPoint presentation, a specific application or multiple applications, websites or documents, and video which is a powerful communication tool can be shared through an FLV, SWF, or MP4 file. Remember pods can be added or removed during your presentation. For example, if there are files that you would like participants to be able to download from within your session or URLs to directly link to, there are pods that you can bring into your session to offer file downloading or access to websites. When done using that pod, it can be removed. For instance, you may have developed documents or spreadsheets that you would like attendees to work on during an online seminar. You simply upload the files to the file pod and display it within Adobe Connect. This will help you to add those files to a file pod or the web link pod and display it when appropriate and remove it when appropriate. So consider this an option when you're planning your session. You might say, well, how do I interact with session participants when I can't see them and often not hear them? This is where prior planning is very important and knowing the features of Adobe Connect are also critical. For large groups, the three main opportunities for interaction are chat, polls, and the notepad. It's important to understand the difference between these tools. Chat is a standard of each Adobe Connect room. Anyone can type a message and send it to all the attendees or send a private message to an individual. It's how you use the chat that makes it more or less engaging. You can use one or more chat windows. One of the most effective uses of chat is to ask a question such as, what are the three most important characteristics of an IT leader? And then ask participants to type their answers in the chat. Or you could ask, what is the single most pressing issue on your campus this year? Please type your answer in the chat. Another way to use chat is to have two chats open on a page to ask people to respond with opposing viewpoints on a topic. For example, have one chat labeled like and another labeled dislike. Ask participants to respond to a question that asks them to distinguish between their answers and list them in the like or dislike boxes. These are just a few examples of how you can use the chat. Answers are also an effective tool to ask a question and offer predetermined answers for participants to respond to. You can now also ask for short answers. Respondents may also provide short answers. All responses are returned in real time so that you can display both the number of responses and the percentage for each answer. If you wish to use a poll, please embed the poll in one of your PowerPoint, Prezi or Keynote slides. An example is provided. As a presenter in Adobe Connect, there is a special area on the right side of the screen that we mentioned earlier. This can be viewed only by those who are designated in the roster as a presenter or host. It is called the presenter only area, which is shown just above the blue arrow. The EDUCAUSE moderator will help you by calling questions for the speaker from the chat and ask questions pod and place them in the private presenter only area that you see on the right hand side. As questions are asked and you answer them, we typically delete those questions from the presenter only area. A poll pod can remain displayed in the layout throughout your presentation or a poll pod can be embedded in a slide and then the actual poll can be displayed when you are ready for it in the public area and then closed when completed. Here is an example of a slide with your poll question and the answers included in it. This enables the host to create a poll within Adobe Connect and serves as a cue for the moderator or technical help to display it during your presentation. There are a number of additional ways to use Adobe Connect to foster interaction. On the top navigation bar is located the raise hand status icon button. If you click on the small down arrow to the right of the raised hand, the following status buttons are available for participants to use. Participants could raise or lower their hand when asked a question. These interactions can be planned or even spontaneous during a session. In addition, you could ask participants to vote by clicking on agree or disagree. And of course your participants can indicate laughter or applause. These actions are all displayed within the roster pod to the right of the participant's name. Upon request, EduCaws will offer live captioning of an event. Captioning requires a specific pod, as you can see shown above. A court reporter listening remotely enters text to capture the words of each presenter in real time, which is displayed in the captioning pod. Captioning requires prior planning with a captioning service. EduCaws wants to provide you with an opportunity to practice your presentation within Adobe Connect. An Adobe Connect has been made available for you to use. In order to access it, please contact Victoria Fanning or Lauren Benevente at online conf that's O-N-L-I-N-E-C-O-N-F at EduCaws.edu. You may schedule a time to use the staging room with them. Get familiar with the environment, upload your presentation, practice moving your slides forward and backwards, test the pods out, try out your engagement strategies. There is no better learning opportunity than record your session and play it back or have a friend give you feedback. And finally, I'd like to tell you about the professional support provided by EduCaws staff for your Adobe Connect session. To make your online presentation experience easy, EduCaws provides you with professional staff support for your exclusive online session. Typically there are two staff members in each production room, a moderator and technical help. The moderator will introduce speakers and the session, looks for questions and moves those questions to the presenter chat area for you to respond to, interviews presenters and provides other types of support as needed. Technical help will upload the slides for your session, create and display polls based on your slides. Will technical issues for presenters and participants and manage audio and video files. Please note that presenters tip advance their own slides. Shown here is a typical exclusive online session production room. If you submitted your presentation and polls ahead of the event, everything will be loaded into Adobe Connect and tested prior to your presentation. You simply join the EduCaws staff in the production room. A few things to notice in the room, the two speakers are on the left, a video camera on the right broadcasts their live images to the web and the large screen in the upper right hand corner displays the participant view of the live session. The EduCaws moderator often sits across from the presenters for easy communication. Technical help often sits at the end of the table. It provides a real cozy environment and you're welcome to bring a colleague or two to listen to your presentation and act as your audience. This is all about helping you learn to become the most effective presenter possible. As you finalize your presentation, capture those great ideas for layout, polls and interaction by entering them into the EduCaws online speaker form which is available on the speaker information web pages. This will help the session moderator and technical help to effectively support you during your session. We love your feedback. Has this tutorial been helpful? Or do you have unanswered questions or feedback? Please feel free to send an email to speakerconcierge.edu with your thoughts and opinions. We listen. There are additional presentations, documents and information to help you along the way within the speakerconcierge web pages. We're here to help you. So good luck on your presentation. This is Susie Henderson for EduCaws.


Good afternoon. Thank you so much to the organizers for making this conference happen digitally. And thank you so much to members of the audience for your questions. My presentation addresses the fact that we have news reports from the United States of organizations delegating decision-making to artificial intelligence systems. And there have been numerous reports in which such systems prioritized individuals who belong to groups which have historically been in positions of power and privilege over individuals who belong to groups which have historically experienced discrimination. So for example, when a housing agency in the United States used the VSPDAT tool to determine how to prioritize allocation of housing to homeless individuals, the system consistently conferred positive housing allocations to white males and it provided fewer positive decisions to people of color, members of Indigenous communities and other members of underrepresented groups. Given this landscape, my presentation would like to address the fact that we need to rethink the equality protections in international law in order to ensure that the law offers comprehensive protection to individuals. I take a different position from the European Union Agency for the Protection of Fundamental Rights because it treats existing human rights framework, for example in the European Convention of Human Rights, as sufficiently robust. Now when it comes to the prohibition of discrimination, there are two main strengths of conduct that are prohibited and the European Convention on Human Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and other UN treaty bodies, they take a consistent approach to the architecture of the prohibition. So what is prohibited is direct and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination occurs when one individual treats another individual on an unequal basis on the grounds of possessing a protected characteristic. Indirect discrimination takes place when a neutral rule or practice operates in a manner which disproportionately disadvantages members of a protected group. Now I argue that it is important for us as lawyers not just to start by taking the law, applying it to the context of an artificial intelligence decision-making process and then see whether there are gaps. So I take a different approach and here's the reason why. When I look at the way in which the prohibition of discrimination represents the lived experience of individuals, I find that it erases the lived experiences of individuals in the exact same manner as artificial intelligence decision-making processes. So we cannot hope to protect individuals if we take one system created by individuals which erases the experiences of individuals and overlaying it on another artificial system that we have created which equally erases the experiences of individuals. And by understanding these mechanisms of erasure, we can get some ideas for how we can start to rethink the existing protections in order to ensure that the law offers sufficient protection to individuals. I argue that both the law and artificial intelligence decision-making processes erase the experience of discrimination as a result of relying on a system of classification that relies on binary categories. So let me start first with the norm prohibiting discrimination and here I would like to use the scholarship of Tristan Green and build on her scholarship. Tristan Green argues that the prohibition of direct and indirect discrimination doesn't account for the vast majority of mechanisms through which individuals experience discrimination and this is because direct discrimination focuses purely on individuals while indirect discrimination purely focuses on the institutional. In fact, Green argues that individuals experience discrimination through their relationships with other individuals and the conduct of other individuals is shaped by rules, policies and institutional arrangements and by institutional arrangements Green means for example how a company structures the relationship between the employees as well as between the employer and the employee. So looking at a Green's analysis in which I will elaborate at the later stage, we can see that the erasure of discrimination happens because the prohibition of discrimination has a classification that is binary. So in that there is the individual and the institutional but the law doesn't look at the much more complex interplay. When we look at the artificial intelligence decision making processes, these processes, the definition of these processes is that the system takes information from the environment and then generates a model of the external environment. It updates the model based on continuous inputs and on information then applies a decision making process or a template for such process and then creates a decision output. In essence, when computer scientists create models of the environment, these models don't represent what is in the external environment and this is because computer scientists rely on numerical inputs in order to create linkage between a system of classification in the model and objects in the environments that correspond to the classification schema in the model. So to give you an example, for example if the computer scientist wants to construct a model to select good employees, the computer scientist has to rely on quantitative benchmarks. For example, how team members rank each other on teamwork. Well of course that score doesn't reflect the process to which the score is produced, which is individuals interacting with each other, individuals being influenced by their conscious and unconscious biases in ranking their colleagues as well as cultural assumptions. And we know from research that the vast amount of discrimination takes place when well-intentioned people don't realize their unconscious biases. So the system inherently doesn't represent the lived experiences of individuals. It's an artificial model with which computer scientists create for a particular purpose and which contains a very limited number of inputs. So now I would like to go back and elaborate on Christine Green and reformulate your framework to make it suitable for rethinking the current provisions. I have one minute if you can. Instead of thinking about the individual and the structural as separate, we need to think architecturally. And thinking architecturally means looking primarily at the individuals as originators of rules, decisions and actions. So we need to look at how the decisions and conduct of individuals at different points in time together into play as a foundation for a discrimination. And in the context of artificial intelligence decision-making processes, this means that the computer scientist analyzes how each decision fails to take into account the lived experiences of individuals, how this experience is not translated into the program. And the computer scientist additionally has to analyze all decisions made cumulatively in the process of creating the program and how these decisions interact together in influencing the opportunities that other individuals have to receive positive decisions. Thank you.


We've got Fipo someone might even know him as Philip Anke Okay, did I say it right? Yes, you did he comes to us from appearing and Others might know him by the guy that has the most number of bugs in the chromium whatever about web RTC I know him as the guy that if you have any real issue of the behavior of web RTC He's the guy to ask you ask you get immediately your L of a bug in Chrome That is the responsibility and in which versions it was Published what happens today and when it's going to be fixed and today is going to talk about Duo one of the things that he loves doing is to tinker with stuff and it incurs usually with others applications that use web RTC So yeah, so today I'm going to talk about duo thanks side for the intro so I can skip that So last year We did a web RTC hacks series chat asked me after reverse engineering hangouts to do some more stuff on web RTC hacks and we got Google to sponsor a basically a survey of the mobile application space we did stuff on whatsapp on FaceTime Facebook Messenger and Why did Google do that? We didn't find out that last year, but at Google I owe we saw them launching duo and It's built by the team behind web RTC. They said and they said we know this technology like no one else and Yep challenge accepted So I started reverse engineering that but first why would you do that? So one of the things is you want to look at what your competitor does? I'm not I'm playing I'm competing with Google here and you want also to look at how your own app behaves and Like what protocols do they use for signaling? What codex do they use do they use h.264 vp8 vp9 what bandwidth settings do they use which you will see in my period a lot We do tinker with that What signaling protocols I used what how does the connection establishment work? We saw that was what's up and do they have any exciting features that you can? Let's say borrow So in terms of tools I prefer just to sniff the traffic on the network It's easy on the legal side. You don't have to reverse engineers binary, which is a little more tricky usually and I mainly use TCP dump and wire shark tcp dump for capturing stuff and then wire shark for analyzing it Even though I end up writing a lot of Actual codes that processes the packets and then displays them in certain ways. We'll see that So I also likes is Wi-Fi pineapple router it's very convenient because it's a Wi-Fi hacking device and It's very convenient for mobile development because you can just SSH into it do a TCP dump and get The same behavior you get on wire sharks the same functionality on this device and it allows you to capture from your mobile device So duo has some Interesting features first thing is the connection setup Google was very interested in that last year The other is knock knock which basically shows the callers video before you accept and Another big thing they are proud of is the switch between 4g and Wi-Fi So in terms of connection setup we found when looking at what's up that they are going for a relay server first and Basically they start doing that call establishing a connection to the relay server and then once they get that That is most likely going to work. They try to move to peer-to-peer and That gives you a slightly faster call setup since you have less connections to check and if you use ice there's a slight cost of doing more connections checking more connections and Yep, we found that duo uses turn first. So the orange line you see here is On port 19 three or five they're running the turn servers on the same port as they do for their upper eC demo and What you can see is also that it seems to be used exclusively during knock knock which might be a privacy thing like you don't want to expose the other IP address and once The knock knock faces over which took like seven seconds in that graph you can see the pink line and You can see that the other side is answering It is the audio you can see at the bottom. It's a bit late. I don't know why yet, but maybe I'll find out and It uses detail s it uses eCDS a p 265 to Generate those certificates which is much faster than the old RSA Certificates on mobile devices and that was an optimization that started in 2014 you can see that the If you look at the wire shark stuff, you can see that it's 91 bytes Certificates hidden inside turn channel data, which makes it very hard to find and initially I didn't see it I thought oh, it's sts, but it wasn't So knock knock it is not a really new idea. You see who's calling and then you can decide whether you want to accept And it has probably been tried many times in the past but in isn't common So why didn't it work out? I think it requires a very high video quality Instantly in the first few seconds because if you see a blob of pixels, then you're not going to accept the call So what Google did is they implemented a new way to estimate the bandwidth And that's called sandside Bwe and you can see it in the RTP packets because they have a specific RTP headache Dension with an ID 5 and I could observe them So the orange line there shows the ramp up to 1 megabit per second And I think Nicholas is going to talk about that later and there it takes 7 seconds, which is a bit bad probably I'm going to touch that later, but you see the answer is video the purple line goes up very fast and less than a second and I Blame those results on the capture setup. I had So one thing I noticed is that after knock knock one part of the ice username fragment changes that is similar to an ice restart, but it's not a full ice restart and We'll talk more about that now because the seamless handoff they have it is it's quite a minute Rest this feature basically you think situation is you walk out of the door you walk out of the range of your Wi-Fi and then just switches from Wi-Fi network to mobile network and It works really great. I found it to switch in less than two seconds. So in terms of usability, it's great. I Even saw it sometimes happening between two clients on the same Wi-Fi Which then fall back to the mobile network, which probably is a bug So how do you capture that? How do you capture stuff from the mobile network to observe this behavior? So I work for a telco. So appearing is part of tenor So I just thought okay. Maybe I can do my pineapple stuff on the one end and a GSM gateway support note box on the other end It's a little hard to get access to those boxes unless you're a telco even then it's not easy and It turns out that it is very hard to sync those captures between those two capture files you get from that Fortunately, there's an easier way. Basically you capture the receiving end of the call So the other side is initially you connected to 4g and Wi-Fi and then at some point you just plug C unplug the Wi-Fi router and What do we see when we do that? we see that on the left side there is the Orange line that is the turn first part before knock knock is accepted Then we can see that the pink line where peer-to-peer kicks in it's on a different connection And then at 1615 I unplug the router. You see the pink line ends and There's this orange part in the middle which kicks in after that It's on the same connection that was used previously with the turn server But it's a different peer you can see that if you look very closely in the captured packets It's not very nice because you need to go through a thousand of packets and then after plugging the router back the traffic switches back to the Wi-Fi network because in some countries it's costing you money to use the mobile and data and We can also see During this switching phase when the there's a slight glitch when turning the Wi-Fi off that forward error correction is kicking in So you can see that in those red and green lines at that point and that turned out to be important later and It's the same connection as we've used previously It's turned you to the capture setup I had and you can see the different peers in the turn channel binding and send data indications and What you we can see here is the orange line Continues even though the pink line is Transferring all the data and most important. It's not an ice restart the username fragment combinations stays the same Which makes it by definition not an ice restart So ice restarts are basically the standard way of dealing with a connection failure in ice You send gather new candidates and send them via to the signaling channel problem is if you walk out of the door your signaling channel may have just died as well and What do it does it avoids this it doesn't do an ice restart it keeps this Other connection open and then it can seamlessly switch over to that connection That has the advantage that it works when the signaling channel is down even though the signaling channel is probably quick so It might reestablish at that point It's very hard to determine and I don't think they're going to talk about that anytime soon So another thing to commonly check here is what audio codec is used like we know Google still likes the icic codec a lot It's still in chrome But in the packets in the dump I just found payload type 111 which is the standard opus Payload type no surprise here. I mean opus has a great quality The more interesting question and I'm looking at utai is what is the video codec used is it h.264? Is it VP8? Is it VP9? So I searched for these standard payload types which are 104 VP8 101 for VP9 and 107 for h.264 and I didn't find anything and that is why it defaults the WPC library encodes the data or sends them prefers to send them on the network using the redundant data, which is payload type 116 However, there were retransmissions during that glitch phase and it took me quite a while to find those and What I saw was a number of packets with a RTP payload type 99 which in chrome is a common retransmission payload type for the payload type 107 which if you paid attention on the previous slide turns out to be h.264 and I Think it's because I captured iOS iOS sessions mainly and of course it's on iOS It's a battery life question and you want to conserve battery life. You want to use hardware acceleration So h.264 is a natural choice there it seems that the Controlling the bit rate of the hardware encoder is a bit tricky We've seen a number of bug fixes there recently and the quality I got from do was less than I expected so more improvements Overall, I think do a soft quite a number of hard engineering problems and I've seen the problems I've known in the last two three years that they have been Working on it and it really took them that long probably So to do this fast call setup They do this turn first stuff which landed in chrome in January, I think they do easy a dsa certificates weaponry see switch Completely to that. It's the default in chrome since chrome 52 This walk out of the door problem is solved by keeping a fallback connection open and The hardware encoding to maximize battery life Using h.264 for iOS iOS that is something that has been worked on last year mostly and One of the big problems that still remains is this initial video quality seeing and you really want this fast random pop due to Sandside bandwidth estimation, and I think it is very promising What is going to happen here, and it's going to be default in chrome 55, which is Going to be rolling out in a couple of weeks So basically that makes do a real benchmark against which you can test your application in terms of quality and features And I'll let just let that stand so good work Justin. Hope you're not unhappy


Matt says, hi Matt, what if he is not scared to lose me because he is more focused on his career? Well, it kind of depends on how focused he is on his career because, you know, if he's a super workaholic, he'll be pretty focused on his career. And it's one of those things where it's like, okay, what you need if you want him to feel more like he's missing you and he's scared of you not being there and all that kind of stuff because especially if he's got, you know, like what we're just talking about with the avoidant attachment style and all that kind of stuff, what you need to do is you need to focus on the connection. You need to focus on building that connection. And instead of making it about him being scared of losing you, make it about him missing you when you're not around. And so my suggestion is that you go back over that livestream that I did not too long ago about making a guy miss you and focus on building that positive emotional deep and wide connection with him so that he feels like he just wants to be around you all the time. And then, you know, and then give him the gift of missing you and do the things that we talk about in this video because that will make him feel like him being super focused on his work doesn't mean that he won't be scared of losing you. But what it means is that he's getting so much joy and focus and like pleasure and fulfillment and all these different things from his business. And he's probably been doing that and getting that for a very long time that he's not shifting his focus over and getting a lot of it from you. And so if you're creating kind of these deep emotional bonds and making him have a lot of fun and making it amazing to be around you and making it so that he's like totally addicted to being in your presence, what ends up happening is that he will start to shift that focus and he'll be like, wow, I'm getting all of this amazing stuff over here instead of just in this space of work where I'm controlling everything and he'll start to shift that focus. And if he's feeling that way, it doesn't matter how much he's focused on his work, he will be afraid. He will be scared of losing it if it's the best that he's had. And it's that amazing and it's just something that he absolutely loves. He will be afraid of losing it and he will want to make sure that you're connected. And sometimes he might be focused on his work because men tend to be more kind of single focused on things. However, I can guarantee you that in his space, he will think about it and he will be like, man, I want to make sure that everything's cool with her and I want to make sure everything's great with her. And again, making sure that you're communicating your needs and stuff because a lot of times those guys, guys that are super focused on their work, it's like it's not that they aren't scared of losing you or any of that kind of stuff, it's that they've got so much going on over there and they're like, okay, well, I'm going to make sure that I'm taking care of her needs and making sure that everything's going on good over here as long as you're communicating them. And it's something that he feels like he can do. And you guys have that great connection together. And I hope that I hope that I hope that really made a lot of sense to you.


Welcome to vlogmas day 19. I haven't even taken Doyle on a walk yet. He's out, but I haven't taken him on a walk because I gotta show you guys something. So I need to back up a little bit. Yesterday when I was out, I think it was at Target. Yeah, the second place I went, I was looking at my windshield and I'm like, what's that little mark? There's like this little kind of like crescent and the driver's side in the windshield. And I'm like, huh, did something scrape it or what? Cause I drive such a long distance for work that I get a lot of like backlash from the roads and stuff. So I don't really clean my car that often because it was kind of not worth it. But so you guys are going to see a really, really dirty windshield in about two seconds. But I was looking at it yesterday and I was like, huh, that's weird. So then when I got home, I like felt it, but it didn't feel like it was anything. And I was like, well, maybe that's something else. Maybe it's not a crack.  Because on my way to work this morning, it just stayed exactly the same. Like it didn't move. It didn't do anything. And I like turned the corner on the interstate and all of a sudden it just went all the way across.  So I called my insurance agent and left a message at his office. It was after five o'clock.  So let me show you. All right, my car is like hella dirty, but whatever. So it started like right here. So I could see this like little crescent and then you can't see it very well, but it goes all the way across now. Oops. So hopefully the temperatures as well are gonna be like dropping like crazy the next couple of days. It is supposed to snow tomorrow. And then after that, like over the weekend, like the high is like negative two. Like ew, that's so gross. So I hope that they could come to my home and do it. And I'll set up that. Thankfully I have my dad's car here. So I'm gonna drive that for probably the next couple of days until I can get the new windshield. And I know they come out to your home or your office or whatever to do it, but because the temperatures are so freaking low, I'm not sure how that works. So maybe if it sits in the garage and they put heaters or something in the garage, I don't know how it works, but I know you can't drive it for like a certain amount of time afterwards, but I'm like grabbing my dad's keys right now. I was gonna drive his car this week anyway. So I'll probably just drive it for a couple of extra days. And I normally would, I normally drive it like about once a week or so, sometimes once every other week. Just kinda depends. But he wants me to drive it by the way. It's not that it's like, oh my gosh, I'm only driving her dad's car. But anyway, I'm gonna go take Doyle on a walk now because he's gotta go potty and I gotta get my night started. And I just wanted to share that with you guys right away because I'm like, oh, great. I wonder if they can even do it because it's so cold and it's gonna be really, really bad the next few days. So hopefully they can get the windshield put on while it's still like not negative temperatures as the high. But anyway, okay, I'm walking the dog and I'll be back in a second.  So let's go and check some things out because my dad's car battery is dead. I haven't driven it and like a little, it's been like two weeks, little less than two weeks. Battery's dead. Awesome, right? And I don't have jumper cables, so I just called my uncle. He lives really, really close. And yeah, so that's happening. So I don't know, maybe I needed to like drive my dad's car more? I don't know, right?  So like, I'm gonna start it. Nothing, just nothing. I mean, the car turns on, so that's good. But like, the battery's just dead. I don't know. So maybe word to the wise, I need to drive it at least once a week, if not, you know, twice a week or whatever, so. So that's my car drama, car drama miss, yay. Got two cars, both of which aren't working so well. Oh, what else can go wrong with the vehicle? Actually, no, I shouldn't say that because something else will go wrong. So we don't need to talk about that. Oh goodness. Oh, and by the way, my uncle is an auto mechanic. So like, this is the easiest thing for him to do. So it's like, not asking a lot of him to come over and do this. And he lives like three miles away. Like, it's not that far away. So anyway, I'm gonna have some dinner and hang out with the dog. And I think I might watch a whole episode of The Crown tonight because I didn't even watch a whole episode last night. I was just like, my head just started pounding after I got back from all the shopping. And I just called it quits. I was like, I can't watch this anymore. I have to go to bed. So anyway, I will see you guys in just a little bit. There we go, weird. My camera just said memory card error and I was like, no, I have several days of vlogs on this. Don't do this to me now, camera. But anyway, wanted to give you an update about the car drama. My uncle just got here and, or not, he didn't get here. He actually got here and left. And in the meantime, I called my parents to tell them the funny story. I think it's funny because you can't not laugh because it's just so ridiculous, right guys? Okay, so, out in here, he is gonna get me some good jumper cables because apparently there's different levels of jumper cables of good ones and bad ones and who knows? I don't know anything about cars, so, I don't know. So anyway, there is a outlet right there. So, he brought over this thing right here which apparently is just charging the battery all night, right there. Whoops, right there, I think. I think that's in frame, yeah. So, that is going to sit charging on the vehicle for the duration of the evening and overnight and then in the morning he said just to unplug it and then remove the little clippies and the car should start right up and have a full charge.  I mean, it's fine, I don't want to drive my car, but whatever. But I have another vehicle if there's an issue. And he did confirm to probably drive it for a couple of days in a row, at least right away for the battery and then make sure to drive it at least once a week, if not more than once a week, especially for the long drives. So, I think I'm gonna like note to self, drive it Mondays and Fridays just to kind of keep the juices flowing, you know what I mean? So, anyway, I just wanted to give you guys a quick update. I still haven't had any dinner.  I still haven't had any dinner. So, I'm gonna get that started and yeah, I will see you guys in a little bit. Well, the drama, the drama. All right, so it is several hours later. The dog is upstairs on the little landing thing right there.  I am just picking up a couple of things. The car is still charging, which is odd to say, but it's true. And I'll report back tomorrow. So hopefully I get to drive my dad's car tomorrow. We'll see. So, yeah, but let's give you guys a little bit of Doyle action before we go because he's looking cute. There he is. That's what he's doing. Yep, that's what he's doing. What are you thinking, Doyle? He was upstairs sitting on the heat bed. Hi, buddy. Anyway, we are gonna go outside. I'm gonna go to bed. Doyle's gonna go to bed too, but let's face it, he's always sleeping. That is... Is that how you sit, Doodle? Yeah. Such a good sitter. Such a good sitter.  You're pooping on the stairs. All right, I'm gonna go because I'm getting a little delirious and my battery light is flashing at me, so it's time to go. And I will see you guys tomorrow for another vlogmas and Doyle says goodbye too. See you tomorrow. Bye.


So, we take a manifold and this is not conformally defilmophic to standard SN. In that case, if we look at the solution set, let's say alpha is any constant. We look at any solution set where u is a smooth function, positive satisfies the equation So, this implies u is equal to less or equal than constant on m. So, this depends only on f, gamma, m, g and that constant. So, what is this? F, Francesco. That's remote control. Ah, thank you. Oh, oops. But it's okay. It's okay. I can go without it. It's all right. I just do that. Yes, sure. Grab the person. No problem, yeah. No problem, that's good enough. So, so I happen to have this. So, so on the manifold, this A g is the Schouten tensor. So, this is the gamma. It's a cone, a cone, something like this. So, and so f is a smooth function, continues up to the boundary, positive inside, there on the boundary, and partial derivative in each lambda i is positive. So, this is ellipticity. So, this g u here, meaning it's a conformal metric. This means we use this conformal metric, insert, so f is equal to 1. So, the eigenvalues of this new Schouten tensor lies on the surface, f equal to 1. So, alpha is any given constant. So, these are all solutions to the problem, to this equation. And it is added that Ricci is bounded from below. So, so, so we have, we are trying to solve this conformal metric equal to 1, this equation. So, this, the last restriction, so if f is sigma k, for k greater or equal to n over 2, so this, so this implies existence. So, this result gives existence for all k in this range. So, because in that case, this condition is naturally satisfied. If this Schouten tensor in the cone, automatically, this will be satisfied, with the right-hand side actually equal to 0. However, for k less than n over 2, this, this is an additional assumption. So, this gives, so that would not give the existence for the problem. So, in this regime, so earlier results, this statement includes earlier results by Alice Tramkowski and Paul Young for k equal to 2 and equal to 4. And also this includes also, so for k bigger than n over 2. So, so let's first, so we describe the proof. So, first, we start from a proposition. It's a known, this is certainly a known statement. So, so this is, let's say this is n, this is n. And this would be the boundary of n. So, you take a point here, you take a point here. Then you go to the boundary. This is the shortest distance. So, if one assumes that the boundary of this n has mean curvature bounded from below by this constant, by a constant, so like a very small bore in Euclidean space is going to have larger mean curvature. So, so we, so this mean curvature is with respect to the inter, inner normal. So, if this is bigger than this alpha, then the distance is controlled by, let's say alpha equal to zero. Let's, let's not just look at that. So, this is 1 over c0. Thanks. This is 1 over c0. So, you see, if alpha is fixed, if c0 is large, then the distance will be small, distance will be small. So, we use this to control things in the proof. The proof, one can prove the is, one can, so let's give a proof. This is a proof of this statement. So, let's say, let's take x. Let's call this, let's make a line like this. This is the shortest geodesic. So, let's say gamma of t goes from zero to a goes to n. So, the n is going to be the distance. Well, we take the shortest geodesics and we parameterize it by arc lengths. And then, want to show that a should be less or equal to that number. So, one can take e1 derivative there, take a vector, take this direction. And one also take the other n minus 1 in the tangent space. So, take orthonormal. Now, transport along gamma. We are going to have an orthonormal frame going that way. So, then, let's say for each i, we take a curve, take another parameter. We, like, move it around. So, we, t is still in the arrow a, and we move around s. So, so that, gamma i, the arrow t is identical to this gamma t. This will lie on the boundary. So, when we, we move this curve around like this and keep that tip on the boundary, and end point is fixed. So, if we take such a curve, because it's the shortest distance, we know that dds, so denoted by that. So, it's at, so this is the first derivative. And because it is minimizing, so we have d square, ds square, s equal to zero, if you calculate the length, you calculate the length, yeah.  So, this should be, each term should be greater or equal to zero because it's minimizing, so it's a, it's a minimum. Second variation should be like that. Well, then you just make a competition. You will see that it's going to give you this, it's a competition. So, this is a competition, you will see that. And then, you have inequality because you have some. So, use the mean curvature has some bound, and also the Ricci has some bound you inserted. So, then we optimize the right-hand side. We optimize the right-hand side. We can take f of zero is one, because this f a always equal to one zero. So, you make the right-hand side as small as you want, as you can. You will pick up the best f, insert it, and you will get the bound. So, that proves this proposition. So, we want to prove this one. We want to prove this, and we make a contradiction argument. So, proved by contradiction. So, namely, if it's not true, then there exists a sequence of conformal metric. So, it satisfies the equation. And the Ricci is greater or equal than this. And alpha is a fixed constant. And the maximum of Ui goes to infinity. Without loss of generality, Xi will goes to a point on L. So, we want to rule out this picture. Rule out such a picture. So, usually one tries to know, first know things about blow-up points and so on. So, we will first prove, actually, there can only be one blow-up point. So, step one is that inequality. So, step one says, the Ui, this sequence of function, is actually less than a constant. You measure the distance with respect to the original metric to Xi. So, you go minus M minus 2 over 2, or X belongs to M minus Xi. This certainly implies there can only be one blow-up point, because away from this Xi is bounded from above. And we know much more than that statement. So, the lemma for that is the following. So, suppose I have a situation that I have a sequence of point Yi. For the time being, one can just think of this Yi as this maximizing point. So, suppose I have a sequence of Yi, and within radius, so let's say Ki goes to infinity, there's a sequence of number. So, within this radius, a shrinking radius, which is dictated by the height. So, this is determined by the standard bubble blow-up somehow. So, this Ki goes to infinity. The speed that goes to infinity is much slower than the speed Ui of Yi goes to infinity. So, let's say Ui of Yi goes to infinity. And we know that the supremum, the Ui here, Ui here in the ball, is bounded by a constant Ui Yi. So, C1 is a positive constant fixed. So, even though it's not a maximum point, but inside this ball, it's almost a maximum point, modular fixed constant. So, we have, if we know there's a situation like this, then the conclusion is, we know the volume we measure with Yi, and in this ball, the ball we draw there, and smaller. So, there exists Ki prime, less than Ki, but still goes to infinity. So then, for Ki, this will go to 1. So, this ball, if looking at the GI, this ball already taking almost all the volume, all the volume, the remaining volume will be going to the arrow. And in fact, it will, in the proof, it will show, see that the top will actually goes to the volume of the standard ball, and also the, of course, the bottom. And actually, the diameter of the whole ball also goes to the diameter of SN. So this, from the proof, when we'll see that. So, we rescale. This is, this piece is M. This is Yi. Now, we take the tangent space like that. So, our coordinate is there. So, we know that this is, we know that this is less than C1 for X less than Ki. And this Ki goes to infinity. So, that's the assumption here. So, inside, we have that. This is the good scaling. So, the equation will be maintained, except the metric will be stretched. This will be dilated. So, this metric is the rescaling. So, this will go to G flat, because we are taking from a point and in very high norm locally, locally everywhere. So, this will go there. So, therefore, so, then once we have upper bound, we can have gradient bound. We only describe in, in our N, but that proof actually goes to remaining manifold. So, we have green bound, and then we have secondary bound. And here, our F is concave. So, we have C2 alpha bound by Evans Krilov. And then we have shoulder estimate. So, we have all the bound. So, Ui tilde is bounded on any compact subset. So, therefore, this Ui tilde is going to go to some U star tilde. And this will be positive, and this will be very small. C3, C4, C5, infinity actually. So, we have all the, we have a convergence. So, so, therefore, this is the limiting profile, and then this will satisfy the equation in our N. And we know this is actually, there's a Liouville type theorem. This can be classified. So, we actually describe not only our N solution, if it can be approximated in large balls, it's also classified. So, anyway, so, by the Liouville type theorem, so, one can write down this limit profile. And because of the normalization, you will see that the A star is bounded above and below by constant, and X star at the center will not move too far. These are universal constants. So, that says, so, this is a standard way of doing a blow-up. So, somehow, if you have a, say, you have a maximum point here, say, everywhere around, so, we just take this ball. So, then, we can always do this process if one is able to do the rescaling, having limit, and have a Liouville type theorem. So, whenever you know that, you know that in this very, very small ball, you have very, very good control of your blow-up solution. The ball is shrinking. So, now the question is, what happens outside? Well, so, here, we know we have a ball, we have a ball. This is like K i prime, U i, Y i to this. This is a shrinking ball. So, that corresponds to when we take a standard sphere, because this corresponds to standard sphere. You take this, raise to this power, and G flat. This is standard sphere. So, this is a standard sphere.  We cut off a little ball. So, this ball is shrinking. This little sphere is shrinking, and outside here is there. So, this is your G i, G i. So, it's like that. So, then the outside, minus this outside, will be something, you know, coming out from here. So, in principle, this piece, one can get very large. One can, in principle, it's possible like that. But, we have that proposition, that this very strong control tells us that this little piece will be small. This will be large, because, let's say this, because this little piece, the metric, everything, is like this one, very, very small. So, we have very, very strong convergence. So, this will be very, very large. And that, we know the Ricci has a lower bound. We know the Ricci has a lower bound. So, then, that proposition says, the diameter of the remaining will go to zero. So, the diameter of the remaining will go to zero. So, and the diameter of this remaining, so you have something outside, out here, okay? So, that piece, the diameter is shrinking to zero. And also, we have B-sharp theorem using, again, the Ricci. So, it tells that this volume will also go to zero. It's less than constant, optional i's, and will go to zero. So, outside this piece will have diameter and volume, or go to zero, and that lemma follows. That lemma follows, that this lemma follows. So, actually, you show that both the top goes here, bottom goes here. Then, why we have such an inequality? So, if that inequality is violated, then we are able to produce, we can take another point. So, this is the maximum of that quantity. Xi is the maximum of Ui. So, then, we are going to have Xi sitting here, and we are going to have Xi tilde somewhere else. And you take a maximum point, you have this. So, this will, this distance, this power.  So, this will conserve as your Yi, and that can also serve as your Yi. You will be getting a small board around it, which will take a whole volume. So, you have two volume of M, that's a contradiction, because the total volume should be Sn. So, in each small board you get an M, so that's a contradiction. So, what I'm saying is, then, this statement follows from this level. So, now, the picture is your Ui on the manifold will have one maximum point, Xi, Xi is here. And we have a control that this Uix is bounded by distance x to xi and minus 2 over 2. So, that's the control. So, it's a way, it's bounded. Once we have zero derivative control, because whenever we have an upper bound, we are going to have gradient estimates and then second derivative and so on. So, therefore, here, we can, these estimates can be, can go to log, let's put log. K goes from 1 to 2. This is our gradient and second derivative estimates in the scale. We have it in the scale. So, we have these estimates. So, in particular, this gives Hanok, because for K equal to 1 here, a gradient log of that is bounded. So, anything away, you take a piece Ui as Hanok. So, it's maximum mean and the proportional. We show that this Ui, so this xi will go to x infinity. Let's say x infinity is sitting here. It goes there. So, anything away from x infinity, we are going to see that the limit will be zero. It will be zero. So, this is actually just because we know that, we already know that if you circle a fixed distance outside, the volume should go to zero. The volume means Ui for the 2n over n minus 2dVg. That's the volume. And in this range, so including here, we go to zero. But we have Hanok. So, Ui maximum mean are comparable. So, integral goes to zero means Ui itself goes to zero. So, that shows this step. So, the picture now is anything away from here. So, Ui will be going to zero. So, we know that this Ui goes to infinity here. Away will go to zero and there's Hanok everywhere. So, the maximum mean are comparable. So, now look at, so let's pick up a fixed point here. Let's take p not equal to x infinity. So, then look at Vi of x is Ui of x divided by Ui of p. So, because of the Hanok, so this is bounded above and below by positive constants away from x infinity. And also, we have derivative estimates. So, we have derivative estimates. So, away from x infinity, these derivatives are bounded for Vi. So, therefore, this says that the Vi, after passing through subsequence, will converges to the infinity, which is positive. And this is in C11, look, M minus x infinity. And this convergence is C1 alpha or background alpha for every alpha less than one. Because we have after two derivatives control. So, this function go to zero, but because of Hanok, they are all comparable rate. I just normalize it. I get Vi, it will converges to V infinity. So, this V infinity will satisfy the equation. We looked at before, and it will be the boundary. So, the eigenvalues of the Schultz tensor will belongs to the boundary. So, of course, along the way, there is an issue that V infinity is not C2. So, whatever we talk about eigenvalues belongs here. We should interpret as viscosity sense. If we talk of Ricci curvature of GV infinity, it's greater than zero. Apply some sort, something like Bishop Gromov later on. So, we mean that this V infinity can be approximated from Vi. And those theorems applied to Vi can be passed to that. So, we are not really saying, so all those theorems hold for C11 metric. But that passage is not difficult. Not bother with the smoothness of V infinity, I'm trying to say. Just apply everything on that. So, then this shows this step. So, we know that the limit, when we normalize the limit, will end up with here. So, solutions of such things are relevant in studying this problem. And step four is to show, to give some description of this V infinity. There exists a constant, which is now negative, but finite, such that the limit exists. This function V infinity, when it goes to near this X infinity. So, when multiplying this like fundamental solution is, it has a limit. It has a limit. The limit at the moment can be zero. So that's actually an important point to address. When it's a show, eventually it should be positive. But first, one should show that it has a limit. So, we want to know what happens to this V infinity. V infinity outside are just positive function. When going to here, what's the behavior near that possible singularity? Well, the proof of that is, so we know that this is the conformal equation, applying to that should be less or equal to zero on M. So, this is the structure of the equation. So, therefore, let's call it LG. LG acting on that is less or equal to zero, and V infinity is positive. We have this. Once we have this, so this is just a linear statement, then we know we can define the limit of, this is the distance from the origin from X infinity, and minimum V infinity on the boundary of this ball. This is finite. And this is a linear statement. We are not using anything nonlinear. We have a nice electric operator here. So, the limit if along this going to the center is finite. But step two, so we have this estimate. We have gradient log V infinity is bounded by distance to X infinity minus 1. This give you Hanak. So, that give you a spherical Hanak. So, you take here, you take a circle, then on this circle, the maximum will be comparable. So, it's a consequence of that. So, then that means the lim soup is also finite. So, the lim soup will be finite because on every sphere, around it, the max is controlled by the mean. And we already know that lim if is always finite. That's a general result. But for this statement, we need to show that this A and capital A are the same. Namely, if I look at this quantity, X infinity is at the center, I take balls going in on each sphere, the max and mean, I want them to go to the same thing. I shouldn't have oscillation. I don't want oscillation. So, this is ruled out by an argument I showed, already showed before. So, need to prove A equal to A. So, if A bigger than A, I'm running out of time. So, then we are going to have balls shrinking and we have two points oscillate. So, then we normalize it to a unit size picture. And by passing limit, we end up with a solution which is in, we end up with a solution, something in here. So, lambda of this A, this A, we will end up with something like this and G flat will be here, ending Rn minus 0. And then, we have a symmetry result saying this has to be a radialistic metric, but this carried oscillation on the unit ball boundary contradicts with that. So, we saw this argument actually before. So, anyway, we use that argument and we will see that we actually have a limit. So, this V infinity near this singularity will have this nice limit exist. So, after that, it is very important to prove that this A is actually equal to, not equal to 0. So, to prove that, we divided into two cases. One case is the case where sort of corresponds to K sigma K, case elementary symmetric function for K greater or equal to n minus 2. So, in that case, to prove this A positive is through a construction of a barrier function. And for K less than n over 2, that requires a different construction of barrier function plus a generalization of power levels as parametric inequality. So, anyway, so that will give this A positive. This step is a crucial step in the proof. It's more technical, so I'll skip it. So, next one is to then we are having a contradiction now. So, here, the contradiction, again, we use this Ricci bound. So, the manifold is like this. This is the M manifold. So, this is closed here. So, here, there's a point X infinity. So, point X infinity. So, the metric now we are going to have GV infinity is equal to V infinity 4 over n minus 2 in the background metric. So, V infinity away is just positive C11. Everything is C11. And near here, V infinity is indeed like a constant. A is positive. And the distance is truly like a constant. So, when we have this power, we have this, you put it here. That means this point is being opened as a plane. This asymptotics at infinity is a flat plane. So, near here, so the metric is sort of open it. Open that. And outside is truly an RM because of this. If you put a flat, you will see RM. So, this is why it's very important to have a precise control of this V infinity near singularity. So, now we know that the reach of this V infinity is greater or equal than 0. So, that means the volume of GV infinity with boar. This is boar of V infinity boar. And divided by VRN, R will be non-increasing. Which is greater or equal to 0. This is Bishop Gromov. You can compare to standard model. This is RN. So, the volume will have this. However, limit, well, R goes to 0. This quantity is clearly equal to what? Because near the origin, everything looks like Euclidean. So, the important thing is actually when R goes to infinity, this quantity is also 1. Because, so here inside is, you take any point here. You measure large boar. This part is compact. So, it has finite volume. So, when we take larger and larger boar, the only thing you see will be a large boar of Euclidean space. So, you are going to see 1. So, both ends is 1. So, that means this is just identically equal to 1. But the Bishop Gromov theorem has rigidity part. So, this is monotone if it's just identically equal to 1. So, the rigidity part says that M minus this with respect to the metric. This is going to be isometric RN and G-flat. So, that means the original metric MG is actually conformally equivalent to SN and G canonical. And that ends the proof. Because, start from the beginning, we are saying that the manifold is not SN. Thank you for your patience.


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States and the Vice President. Thank you all very much. I'm pleased to be seated. I'm delighted to welcome all of you here today. In a few minutes it will be my privilege to present the National Medal of Science to 19 Americans who have made outstanding contributions to our way of life and to our future. Recently I was told that all those scientists who don't want to generally know most enjoy their work so much that they almost feel guilty getting paid for it. I was told this either by Jay Keyworth reminiscing about his previous job or by Dave Stockman reminiscing about his present one. But we're not here to take up a collection. In fact, despite the constraints in federal spending, our budget for the next fiscal year calls for a 6.7% increase for basic research in the physical sciences. I should add that we're also planning for increased funding for science and technology and basic research through the end of the decade. And that's because what you do is that important. The ultimate source of innovation, of new technology, of human progress itself is knowledge and that's the business of science. Now there's no nation on earth that can match our scientific capabilities. But of course no nation depends as much as we do on the science base. Our enviable standard of living, our national security, our ability to create millions of new jobs, 7 million over the last two years in what the Europeans are calling an American miracle all depend on new knowledge and our talent for making use of it. And there's no doubt that the measure of America's future safety, progress and greatness depends on how well scientists keep pushing back new frontiers. That's why I'm so pleased that today's ceremony is the third White House event this month honoring the people whose work will determine that future. Last week we presented the first National Technology Awards for exceptional achievements in developing and using technology for industrial advances. Technology last week, science this week. Isn't that just like the government getting the cart before the horse? Jay Keyworth tells me that there have been times not too long ago when scientists and technologists barely spoke to each other. Well, I believe that one of today's real strengths is the enthusiasm with which scientists and technologists explore each other's interests. In fact, it occurs to me that if we could have brought together last week's doers with today's thinkers in a single ceremony, we might have seen the formation of several new companies before the medals were even presented. Maybe we should keep that in mind for next year and invite a few venture capitalists. But at least this year, today is the day for the National Medal of Science. And now I know Einstein once remarked that the whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking. Well, that was easy for him to say. For me, I'm still trying to decode energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. And I must tell you that when I looked over the briefing materials for this event and saw phrases like discovery of the free neutrino and the central role of neuropeptides and spectroscopic investigations, I thought they were mentioning some of the questions left over from Ed Meese's confirmation hearings. But today's awards honor a remarkable group of American scientists. The National Medals of Science are a tribute from your fellow... Well, from your group of... Why should I pause right here when it's right in front of me? And all I have to do is look at it from your fellow scientists. I started to say just from your fellow Americans, I think that would have been proper too, because I'm sure they share our gratitude and appreciation for all you do. Each of you has devoted to your energies not to truth as understood, but to the search for truth not yet understood. You had faith that you'd come to understand the unknown and you did. You had faith that your discoveries would bring progress, and they did. And because of your achievements and those of your colleagues, we stand in the verge of greater advances than mankind has ever known. Your work is proof that there are no limits to discovery and human progress when men and women are free to follow their dreams. You've proven time and again that freedom plus science equals opportunity and progress, and that America's future can be determined by our dreams and our visions. On behalf of the American people, in whose name these medals are presented, I extend my congratulations to all of you, to your families, and your coworkers. We deeply appreciate what you've done, and we thank you. God bless you all, and now I'm going to ask Jay Keyworth to help me present the medals. Jay. I would like to read the citations first to Howard L. Backrack for his pioneering research in molecular virology. Paul Berg for fundamental contributions to understanding the mechanisms of gene expression. Margaret Burbage for leadership in observational astronomy. Maurice Goldhaber for his many contributions to nuclear and particle physics. Herman H. Goldstein for his fundamental contributions to science and to numerical analysis. William R. Hewlett for his pioneering accomplishments in the creation and manufacturing of electronics. Roald Hoffman for his creative applications of theory to organic and inorganic chemistry. Helmut Landsberg in recognition of his outstanding contributions to climatology. And to George M. Low, and this award is awarded posthumously. Mrs. Low will be accepting for his outstanding contributions to the nation's manned space program. Walter H. Monk for his unique contributions to geophysics and physical oceanography. George Pimentel for his study of chemical bonding and molecular dynamics, and for his discovery of the chemically pumped laser. Frederick Reines for the experimental discovery of the free neutrino. Wendell L. Roloffs for his fundamental contributions to basic and applied biology. Bruno B. Rossi for fundamental contributions to physics and astronomy. Bertha Scherer for her pioneering contributions in establishing the concept of neurosecretion. J. Robert Schrieffer in recognition of his accomplishments in the area of condensed matter physics. And Isidore M. Singer for his inspired revival of differential geometry. And John G. Trump awarded posthumously with his son John accepting for his introduction of new methods for the beneficial application of ionizing radiation. And again, Z. Richard N. Zair for his contributions to molecular spectroscopy, photochemistry, and chemical reaction dynamics. I think a group photograph would be in order. Thank you very much ladies and gentlemen. This concludes the formal part of our program and please join us in the state dining room for a reception. What I understood here today is you finding your marks. Because of the idea you tried to take in the picture. The dimensions have chalk marks. The dimensions were quite fine. And to miss them you had to do it over again. Just pros and cons to total mark. Just pros and cons to total mark. Mr. President, you've managed to do one thing which I thought was impossible.  These are the age levels. So now we're two years younger than we are now. Something is funny. I can't stand it. What are you doing next? We were just waiting. We were just waiting to come here again. There's a lot of natural phenomena with lag times. Well, congratulations again to all of you. Thank you for being here. Enjoy yourselves.


Well, hello, my friends, and welcome back to my channel. A dog decided to join. I wanted to share with you guys my pantry organization, which is right here. What? I've actually been living with this pantry organization for probably about a good month now. I wanted to wait until it had been a little bit just to see if this worked for me, and I'm gonna tell you it really does. Right now, we are all dealing with the coronavirus, and I will say that a lot of the things in my pantry are a lot of ready-made meals, which I don't always have in my pantry, but I did stock up on stuff a while ago, and now I'm just kinda trying to eat through it. So there's a lot of snacks. I don't need any judgment in the comments about the snackage, but let's go through everything. I'm gonna link everything down below that I purchased. I got everything. I'm pretty sure I got everything on Amazon, so it should be pretty accessible to you guys, and yeah, let's just get right into this. All right, so I have this really long, tall, deep pantry, and it kinda drives me a little bit baddy because everything gets lost. Like, back here, it just gets lost if I have a bunch of stuff.  So I got a bunch of longer bins. I couldn't find bins exactly the right size, but I think this, you know, does really well for what I need, and then if I do have any extra things, I could just kinda put them there. So let's start at the top. So at the top, I have all of my color-coded snacks, and yes, I color-coded all the snacks. So at the very, very top, those are all Skittles right there, and then these are M&Ms, these two are M&Ms. I have Goldfish, I've got more M&Ms, and then these are Raisinets, and then I have some more neutral-colored snacks, so I have Muddy Buddies, Caramel Corn, I've got some banana chips, some crack, like two things of crackers, and some pretzels, and right behind here, can't see it very well, but I do have some mugs, and I've got some other things behind there, some more back-stock of items, and then I did kinda color-code this as well, you can kinda see, so it kinda goes from red, you know, towards the rainbow, so what I kinda tried to do, but I've got, you know, some prepared meals, some dried soups, more prepared meals over here, I've got some sauces, like my two favorites, pasta sauces, pickles, I love pickles, I know some people out there hate pickles, I've got a bunch of tuna fish, I noticed when cleaning out my pantry that I had way too much tuna fish, and this is not all of the tuna fish that I have, I actually have more in my fridge, so I'm good on tuna fish, and then I have just some random things, I have some A1, and then I also have some peanut butter back here, so just some random stuff, and then right here, I've got some soup, I've got some Chef Boyardy things, I've also got these really yummy Philippine dried mangoes from Aldi, one of my favorites, and then over here I've got some packets of oatmeal, and then some crackers as well, and then in here, I have just like open bags of chips, and crackers, and things like that that didn't really fit up here, and then I have over here, I've got four of these little guys of cereal, so that really works for me. Down at the bottom, I wanted to put my like less used things in there, so I just have a little rolling bin, and inside the bin is just extra like bags of chips and pretzels and things like that. So this is it for the main pantry, but I do want to share with you guys, oh, there's the dog over there, I did wanna share with you guys a couple of other places that I decided to reorganize in my home as well. So this area is not as exciting, but it did need some cleaning out. I did have some of this stuff over in the pantry I just showed, but now I'm really loving the way that all of this looks. So over on this side, I have all of my dry goods, I have all my pasta, spaghetti, I have quinoa, I got these little labels as well online, I will link them for you guys. I've got some elbow noodles, some egg noodles, more pasta, more pasta, I've got some, you know, different rices, and then in the back, which can't see very well, but in the back I have just some back stock of things, I've got some chicken broth, which kind of goes with like the rices and the quinoa, you know, kind of boil that all together to make delicious numbs, and then over here, I'm not like a really good cooker-baker person, so, you know, sorry about that. Anyways, but I've got some like flaxseed raisins, salt, and stevia, and then I've got like some sauces on this little turntable thing, and then we've got regular popcorn, microwave popcorn, I got some crackers, and then some cashews. So yeah, this is not very exciting, but still an area that definitely had to have a major overhaul as well. I've got one little more area I wanna show you, so let's get into that. All right, and right next to where the dry goods live is this little section. On the bottom is kind of a hodgepodge of things. I have all of my medication, as well as my dog's supplies and medication as well.  Also, all of this glassware is something that I had to consolidate. I have all of these plastic bags, like single-use sandwich bags. I wanna get better about not using those, but again, I just wanna go through them. It's gonna be a while before I go through them just because I am currently working from home, so I don't really have a use for those at this time, but again, I don't wanna toss them. So yeah, and then I have some other travel things up here, so I've got mugs for coffee or tea, and then some more travel things. I also have a lunch bag, and then I've got more glassware up above. And just a little extra bonus. I did organize this recently. I know it's a drawer, but why the heck not? Why not show you anyways? I got this spice drawer organizer, which you can make it, I could make it as big as the drawer if I wanted to, but I wanted to house my knives in here as well, which like I said before, I'm not really a good cooker or baker person, so I don't have a ton of spices, but I do really like these little jars I got on Amazon, so everything is uniform. And then there's like little labels on them. So I put the little labels on the things that I have, and then right underneath here, which you can't see, but underneath here is where all the labels are. So as I get more seasonings, I will put the labels on the jars because I have a few extra jars. So, and then I have the notorious Trader Joe's, everything but the bagel, Sesame Seasoning, and I have some extras back there. But yeah, so, and then I have these, are these like Cuisinart things.  And again, not good at the cooker things, but whatever. And then I also have these little guys, like these little chip clips, which I love. And then these are just some random printed napkins, a little extra fancy. And then I've got a ton, like a ton of these little coasters, which I use all over my house. So if there are people over here, I will bust out all the coasters. So yeah. So yeah, that is a look at my pantry and a bonus drawer for you guys today. I hope you guys enjoyed. I wore my rainbow shirt for this today. I got it from Target. I'll link it below if I can still find it. But yeah, I hope you guys really enjoyed taking a look at how I organized my pantry. I do have an overflow area that I just created in my home. I am waiting on one piece to come in from Amazon. And then I will actually be filming a organizational storage video on that.  So that will be coming soonish. So as soon as that happens, I'll film a video about it. So I hope you guys enjoyed the rainbow ways of my home. I'm really excited about this organization. I really, really enjoy it. And yeah, I've been living like this for at least a month now and it's been going really, really well. And I have been utilizing all the organization. So it's just making my life so much easier, especially on these very uncertain, no uncertain times. So it's just very easy to go to the pantry and say, okay, that thing, that tuna fish, I know that tuna fish can is blue and it's gonna be in there. And if it's not, then I don't have any. So anyways, yeah, hope you guys enjoyed. Thumbs up, subscribe. And if you wanna see more organizational videos, let me know what you wanna see in the comments down below. Hope you have a great day. Talk to you later. Bye guys. Well folks, it's time to kick it old school.


As you grow in familiarity with NPM, you'll reach for the docs a little bit less and you'll find yourself needing hints a little bit more. Let's type npm help again and look at some other methods we have for finding help. The two we didn't cover are npm-l and npm command-h, the dash l flag and the dash h flag. Let's look at npm-l which says it displays full usage info. So that spit out a lot. It looks like that list of commands we have now has additional information about each command. Specifically how to run it and which options it might take. Now this was a lot of information that spit us right out at the bottom. I want to show you how to get that same experience that we had with the documentation using the less program. So we can type that npm-l command again and this time pipe it through less. Hit enter and now we're reading this in the same way that we were reading our docs but we start at the beginning and we can hit space to progress through. Once we've found what we're looking for we can hit q to quit. Now if we know the name of the command we're trying to run we don't have to read through this entire document. We can use the h flag to get this same information for a specific command. So install for example if I type npm install if I hit enter now it's going to run that command but if I use the h flag it's going to give me helpful instructions for that command. And you can see this section of the output is the same as what we were getting in the npm-l command. So that's pretty handy. We see a little usage cheat sheet all the ways that we can use it. All of the possible aliases we have I isn't tall in ad as well as any common options that we might use with install. This help flag is incredibly useful in your daily work and will be your first line of defense while you're working. Try to build a habit of using this first instead of google. I think that most of the time you'll find exactly what you're looking for without the hassle of having to switch context to a web browser.


All right, guys welcome back. So in today's podcast, I'm going to be covering How to make money selling private one-on-one soccer training? So this is a very common question that I've gotten from a lot of coaches There's a lot of coaches who are on coach up Or guys that are trying to make their own website I've gotten this question a lot and I wanted to Create an in-depth video and podcasts to answer some of these questions that I've gotten And I feel like if you stick around to the end of this video You're gonna get a ton of value and what I want you to do as well is comment below on YouTube or send me an email At startyoursocceracademy at gmail.com that way we can get in contact I can answer any other questions that you have that might be more in-depth. All right so when I think about selling private soccer training and Establishing a training program in your city. There's a lot of questions that I've gotten but In order for me to answer those questions, I actually have to ask you questions To see kind of where your programs at to see what what you're looking to create this way I can get your mind thinking about how can you establish the premier brand in your city? So here's a couple of the questions right that I would think of right so number one is What makes you stand out so why would a parent have their kid train with you? Over your competitor. So I would write down all right, you know, what are the things that make you as a trainer as with your program? Why are you different? Why why is someone going to be wanting to be in your program? versus the competitor and How do you actually stand out over that competitor and to me? These are things I've been able to identify in my city and I've been able to identify that because I know exactly What my competitors offer And a lot of people who start this who start their business, they don't they don't examine what their competitors are doing So they try to either do something that's very generic Or they see what their competitors are doing they try to offer the same thing and I don't believe shall ever offer the same thing Anybody else does I think you should always Create something unique that's different right so that's my number one question is what makes you stand out Number two is what's your niche and that just simply means, you know, who do you want to train? Do you want to train boys? Do you want to train girls? Do you want to train kids who are recreational players? Do you want to train kids who only want to play in college? Do you want to train kids only in high school? Do you want to train kids for between the ages of life? You know three and six years old like preschool kids, you know Who do you want to train and a lot of people out there? They get caught up Training too many kids and I did that. I made that mistake early on I remember there'd be days like I would have sessions where I would train kids that are like four to six years old And then I train kids that are older and then I would end up training some people that were like in their 20s like recreational soccer like adults and so the the age group of the players I was trying way too wide and I was the guy who's trying to train everybody and If you want to be known for something you cannot do that You have to be very specific with who you want to train. So I would start to identify Who it is you want to train and I feel like an easy way to do that is yeah You need to experience training a lot of different types of players at different levels But once you identify who it is you want to train? That's where you start to dive deeper into that age group and figure out. Okay. This is the age group I want to train. This is the location that I'm gonna do it and you really start to hone in on those things All right. Now the next thing that I would ask you is How comfortable are you selling to parents over the phone or in person and I'll be the first to tell you If you've watched any of our other videos, you know me that they at the beginning the first two or three years I had so much anxiety talking to parents Answering the phone not knowing how to communicate with them I didn't know what I was selling. That was the thing is I didn't know what I was selling So I was very uncomfortable Trying to sell the parents and that made it really hard for me to close people into my program All right, so I would I was probably 30% out of you know, I would say every 10 people every 10 parents I talked to I'd say maybe three Three of those parents would would commit to my program now because I've talked to literally thousands of parents I Can sell anything to parents because now I know what my programs are All right, I know exactly what makes me stand out. I know what my niche is So I'm only serving parents who have kids that are within My area of who I want to train right and that makes it a lot easier So that's my question there It's you know, how comfortable are you selling if you're not comfortable reach out to me because that can cost You thousands of dollars a month if you're not comfortable selling if you can't convert Leads into clients Then you're gonna have a really hard time just like how I did at the beginning and that's something I can easily help you with right? The next one here is how many parents do you talk to every week? So do you have metrics like are you trying to figure out? All right Well, how many people am I trying to talk to you every week about my program like Because if you're not doing that if you're not keeping that metric If you're not keeping track of that metric then you don't really have a way of keeping track of your business and You think about it You have to talk to parents in order to get their kids into your program so the more parents you talk to the more Confidence you're gonna gain and the more you can get the word out about what you're doing And I will tell you like I said earlier. I was very shy at the beginning. I Had a really hard time talking to parents I had very low confidence talking to them over the phone or in person or at the fields and so it was very difficult for me to Get a lot of traction in my city, right? It took me years of trial and error talking to people and really putting myself out there So if you're shy talking to parents, you need to overcome that Do what I did and talk to more parents start getting outside of your comfort zone Talk to as many people as possible and start to keep track of that, right? That's why I asked you that you want to keep track of your metrics, you know How many parents are you talking to every day or every week? And I'm a big believer and I have all the coaches in my in my soccer Academy mastermind I want them to be talking to at least three new parents every day, right? That's over 20 new parents a week That's over 80 New parents every month that you're talking to about what you're doing about how you can help that to me can Simply make a lot of money that can get a lot of kids into your program if you're willing to do that the next one here is How many parents actually Convert into clients so if you have a list of people who were talking to like let's start to measure out How many of those people are converting? Into clients paying clients not not phone calls not people who are interested like actual paying clients This way we can start to figure out alright Next month I need to talk to this many people because I can look at the percentage of the people who are signing into my program And now I need to know alright I need to double the amount of people who I talked to in order to get more people alright And this way you can use those metrics as a very easy way to analyze your business week after week, right? the next question I have here is And I've talked about this in other videos and podcasts, but like do you have an actual system of Getting new players in your program getting new clients like what are you doing to market yourself? You know do you have something that you can rely on or are you just trying to? Hope and and wish that parents are going to start calling you because I can tell you from my experience If you're hoping and wishing that parents are going to call you you're going to be out of business within the next 90 days Especially if you're trying to full-time If you're trying to do this like as a part-time thing Or full-time thing you need to be after it You need to get yourself in front of as many people as possible because right now if no one knows you That's not going to change and even if you create a cool website Like you don't understand how to get your website ranked on on Google like no one's going to find you And those are things I hope coaches with so if you need my help with that reach out to me The next one here, which is also very important is how many clients are being retained each month And that just means you know are the kids that are joining your program Are they leaving after a month one like where are they going or are they staying are they long-term? Clients and all of these things that I'm talking about make selling private training very easy if you can identify All those things I just listed out Selling private training to me is very easy. All right. It's all gonna start though With the number one thing I said, which is what makes you stand out when you can identify that? It's very easy to create a brand in your city that is unique. It stands alone, right? No one else will create anything like that And that's going to attract parents into your program Which is to me the easiest way to build a business is attracting people rather than begging people, right? And that's the way I have my whole business here at soccer entrepreneur setup is like I'm not begging anybody any coach to do anything If someone likes what we do they're gonna join one of our programs I don't even really have to ask and that's why you know, I had the same mindset when I talked to parents I want to create something unique For parents in my city for their kids and this way it's a no-brainer for them when the buying decision is ready Like they're gonna go and take action because I've created something that's going to help their kids It's very valuable for their kids and you need to create something very similar in your city If you want to have long-term success, so that's it for the video guys Appreciate your time if you want to learn more about how to take your soccer business to the next level head over to my website is www.soccerentrepreneur.com From there, there's a big blue button at the top of the page. It says call coach bin. That's me You can click on that. I have a free Strategy call that'll last 10 to 15 minutes and I'm just gonna see where you're out with your business and how I can Help you so go ahead take advantage of that and subscribe to our channel We have a ton of new content new videos that are there and be popping out on this channel And that way you can stay up to date with everything that we're doing. All right. I'll see you later