So, my name is Antonio Pugliafito from University of Messina and he is my colleague Giovanni Merlino. We belong to the University of Messina, but also in this C&I, I will explain what it is, and the company Martin Mioio. So the University of Messina is a university located in Italy, in the southern part of Italy, in Sicily, where we teach computer engineering, specifically the mobile and distributed system lab where we work and operate. Cine is an Italian university consortium of almost all the Italian universities that are focused on computer engineering and informatics. It is organized in several labs. One of these is the Smart City and Smart Community Lab, that I'm leading at the moment. And it involves several hundreds of researchers distributed all over Italy. Finally, Smart Mioio is a company that was originally created as a spin-off company of the University of Messina. Now it's a company on the market. We collaborate with this company and it supports us in a series of development related to hardware and software and a specific application onto the market. This is the location of the company, the new building where the people transferred about six months ago. Okay, so the outline of this presentation is the following. We will discuss about edge computing, specifically some hardware named Arancino, and I will try to give you indication about this hardware. Then we will go on details related with the software part that is the Stack for Things framework that is strictly related with OpenStack. And we will also give you some examples of applications that we are doing at the moment or some Smart Cities and industries. So the hardware, the problem that we try to solve is how to deal with a huge amount of sensors, actuators, distributed around, and also mobile phone device that they have some computing capability and storage capability. And we want to consider them part of the infrastructure. We are firmly convinced that boards, camera, sensors, actuators should be considered since the very beginning as part of the infrastructure that we are to create. So the infrastructure will involve computing resources, will involve storage devices, networking issues, but also IoT. Because nowadays sensors and actuators are part of the system that we have to set up and then we will develop services on top of it. So the problem is how to deal with these devices. Co-operating with this company, the family of Arancino boards has been developed, the one that you see there, but there are several versioning and we will show you the real objects that we are with us. And the idea that is behind this board is to try to emulate the way in which our brain works. So on the same board you have two hemispheres, two parts. One is based on a microcontroller that is able to interact in real time with the external world, that means the sensors and the actuators. The other side is that there is a based on microprocessor, like in these cases a Raspberry Pi that you see here, but there are also other possibilities there, more powerful, that is able to work with this data, to store this data, to keep memory of the past. And according to the past also try to predict what is going to happen in the future. So this is the two hemispheres that are represented in this way on this kind of board that has also some other interesting capabilities, like these expansion slots that are conformed to the standard, there are hundreds of possible expansions available on the market, these click standards, others can be created. So this is the basic board and then you can specialize in adding some dedicated hardware. So this board is used in some products like environmental monitoring station, getaway Lora, smart camera, noise detector and more that are products based on these components. At the same time you can have a different communication channel here, like UMTS, Lora, SIG, Fox, LTE and more, so at the same time enabled to interact with the board itself. So in some sense they try to replicate the way in which the human brain is structured. On the other side we are to control these boards. So the problem is how to have thousands of these devices distributed around how to interact with them. They create a sort of a fit of devices and you want to talk with them, to specialize, to inject code, to receive the data, to group according to the specific problem that you are to solve. And typically the approach that is available is the following, you have the device, the device generates data, these data are stored in the cloud and then I go and look at this data. This creates a serious problem with regard the latency, for example. So in several applications it is not convenient and possible to use this approach. In some cases we have some API available that can be used to interact with the device but it depends on the producer, the developer or the board, if it makes them available. So in some limited cases it is possible. As I said at the beginning, what we want to do is to bring the edge devices inside the cloud and consider the same level of computing, storage and networking resources to build the infrastructure we are interested in. So what we want to do and what we are able to do is to have edge devices physically connected to different local area networks that interact with the cloud and I can mix devices from one network, with devices with another one, with a machine, with storage resources somewhere. I create my infrastructure and then I deploy the services on top of it. So this is what we are trying and we are able to do. We will explain how it works. So this is our stack, our reference architecture that somehow is similar to the Loki architecture we were discussing yesterday. So we go from the lower level where you have the devices, then there is the operating system on top of it, some components that are part of the evolution of OpenStack that are the stack 14 sliding road component that runs on the devices, on the board and the Iotronic services that is running into the cloud. And then you have the different drivers that allow you to interact with the physical environment. So this is very quickly the architecture and what we try to do is to arrive to this sort of vision that we define a software defined city, software defined industry that means a full abstraction that goes from the physical layer where you have the sensor, the actuator, the detect data from the city or from the industry where you're working and they generate data that are managed according to board like this one. They have a counterpart, a virtualized representation inside the cloud where they mix with the other resources of computing and storage and provide the services and application to the final user. For doing this, OpenStack has been extended with a fourth pillar that we name stack 14s. This is where you can find it, where it is available that adds the capability to interact with edge devices. And what we will try to do now is to give you more details related with the way in which we implemented this interaction with OpenStack and that will leave the stage to Giovanni. Thanks, Antonio. So, first of all, a comment about the video it's important to say settle on the naming because we have both these iotronic namesake and stack for things. The reason for that is that, as you can imagine, especially in the industry in our company, in our spin-off company, we have a bigger, deeper stack which includes lots of application-level logic. So, stack for things is a kind of namesake because we try to keep it cool also because it's still always open source software, but it's somehow a larger umbrella project. iotronic is what we are focusing here right now on because it's really the subsystem for iot, as written there. So, it is meant to think about iot devices as, again, OpenStack compliant resources to manage. So, okay, this is a very high-level overview of the architecture just to know which is what. We have the iotronic, say, main components which stay in the cloud, in the data center, let's say. Then we have a number, of course, of interfaces, CLI, of course, the custom panel for Horizon. All the things that we know are needed, of course, in the case of OpenStack subsystems, but there's something special which is, in particular, so-called lighting rod. It's the name we have given to the device side, the board-hosted agent. And you see a number of arrows depicting the fact that we have a number of elements at play, as we'll see in a moment, for the communication between the cloud and the far-edge constrained node. So, this is a depiction of the iotronic architecture on the cloud side. As we said, it's a very OpenStack compliant subsystem.  It started all as a kind of a fork, an official, say, atom fork of iotronic. Why? Because the idea was to really take all the boards as bare metal first and then enabling all other kinds, as we'll see in a moment of workloads, for instance, containers, later. So, on the device side, there's lighting rod, and lighting rod interacts with the cloud mostly, foremost, through the WAMP protocol. WAMP is not the Windows, etc. kind of a crime. It's actually web application messaging protocol. It's a sub-protocol of web sockets. It's somehow standardized in the sense that there's a draft RFC, and it's interesting for a number of reasons. There's no time here to discuss about that, but it can be thought as a protocol akin to MQTT, which most of you know is quite popular in the IoT space, but it's a kind of more advanced, more featureful protocol, and bonus point is based on web sockets. That's very important, because I guess we'll see later, but you can possibly guess. We based this kind of communication on web sockets, because the idea is that the board should be able to call home, so to call really the Iotronic cloud, anytime, anywhere, behind any kind of constrained, very corporate-like kind of network. So, to be clear, as you'll see later, Antonio will show you some use cases. We talk about situations where really most other systems that try to control and to interact with boards are break, are not able to really do what they need to do. So, it's kind of battle-tested. Okay, there are a number of functionalities, but we'll get to that later. So, for instance, yeah, plugins. Why plugin injection? First of all, what is a plugin? It's just a namesake for an amount, of course, of a code that we can inject at runtime on the board. Why it's important, because this notion of plugin injection has been the first way for us to be able to customize the business logic, let's say, the inner workings, but even, say, lower-level software running on the boards when deployed in the field. Again, in the field means maybe in the middle of the sea. So, that's the point. There are two kinds of plugins, synchronous and asynchronous, as you can expect. The idea is that you can either, of course, make a kind of RPC-style call, or you can instead just pull and check what is the status of the run. And by the way, this kind of duality, synchronous and synchronous, is really enabled by the WEMP protocol. The WEMP protocol has so-called rooted RPCs and the rooted PubSub. That's why I said it's a kind of a superset of MQTT. Okay, about tunneling and forwarding, which is, again, not the only, but one of the foremost features about Iotronic. It starts by questioning what we want to do with the boards. In the most general way, we expect to be able to create virtual networks, spending, of course, domains, spending, of course, geographic distances, and connecting IOT devices. And again, when we say IOT devices, just like what we showed, we are thinking about stuff that we can exemplify like single-board computers, but not only those. We have done some work also with mobiles, for instance, Android mobiles, and so on. So the idea is that we can, of course, enable a number of applications. Just an example is being able to support some, let's say, not really legacy protocols, because that's not the right name, but protocols which have some limitations. For instance, some time ago, we made an application based on all-join work, because all-join is a kind of bus, like the bus. But the service discovery worked only across really a layer-2 network. So the only way to make it work was to deploy our solution. Okay, this is a very quick overview of how you can break down the networking part. Again, we didn't want, that's our approach in general, we didn't want to put the so-called kitchen sink into Iotronic. We thought that everything should stay where it belongs. So, of course, this means involving Neutron, because Neutron, of course, has lots of functionalities in this sense. We also have been careful not to overload devices. So, for instance, the footprint of our solution based on Iotronic plus Neutron is very lightweight, because what happens is that the device doesn't know anything about the existence of Neutron. Neutron does everything on the cloud, and we just get the wire, really the tunnel, back to the cloud to instantiate interfaces and then assign IPs and so on. Okay, the kind of use cases, of course, are many. Segregating, of course, devices on the same physical land or some, say, kind of a local network or grouping dispersed devices in the same overlay. Creating networks that combine devices on one end and virtual machines or bare metal, whatever, on the data center and even putting up together very, very heterogeneous devices bored on one side and, let's say, mobile on the other. So, the forwarding of services was another key point. So, being able not only to always be able to reach the device, to send comments, as we said, we can send RPCs. So, let's say, not just sensors, but actuators are totally part of the picture, as Antonio told you before. So, the concept of a cyber physical system in full and also exposing services through service forwarding that works by a complex system that involves, it is complex on one end, but it's simple on the other, where simple matters. On a constrained device, simple matters in terms of having composable, very unique style kind of tools. This stuff is based on a tool we have just forked and modified for our own usage, which is called WS-TAN, so tunneling system based on web sockets. Our innovation has been creating a reverse tunneling mode. So, the idea is that the device calls home and then is able to get a number of tunnels instantiated back. Again, whichever the situation, firewalls, nuts and so on, middle box of every kind. But also, it works by piping TCP or UDP connections. So, what happens is that, and also using other small unique style tools, for instance, we have used here also SoCAT, that maybe you know as a tool to instantiate virtual interfaces. Then discussing about forwarding is just a kind of appetizer for a kind of a huge use case, which is the web of things. Some people call it web things. You may know already that Mozilla was behind this, say, initiative some time ago. At a certain point, it transitioned to third party, but it still is an open source and open community framework. The idea, of course, is putting together things that talk very different protocols, and we'll get back to that in a moment. But also being able, again, to reach things and exposing resources the way the Mozilla guys, of course, prefer as pure, say, web kind of, web-based kind of interactions.  In fact, we have enabled that over these other implementations, so adding some other elements in particular we have used the NGNX that maybe you know as a reverse proxy on both sides of the connection, so on the cloud side and on the board. And we have also used for SSL and Crippett communication CERCBOT that, again, is a very nice open source tool, and lots of people are, say, investing in this kind of technology. In our case, means having, say, kind of PKI for free. And the use case can be exemplified very quickly like this. I can have a service name like WOT, web of things, let's say. We can have a generic domain, example.com, say. A subdomain, which is board A. Why? Because the subdomain here will be really the name of the board or whatever name I want to give to the board. And a certain port that I need to reach inside. Then this is the full URL. And this is what happens very quickly. I get really those parameters. I get the electronic to interact check and eventually ask designate another subsystem in the open infrastructure community. And then, of course, it means that we get to our real endpoint, which means it means, of course, it's meant to be the reverse proxy and GNX. And so this is where, say, there you see the green arrow, which is the WebSocket base tunnel. And in the end, this is the whole picture. This is an example of usage by a client. So, of course, DNS resolution, stepwise, of course. And then we get the forwarding and I'll show you with a very, very quick demo what it looks like. Very, very high here. This is a web page. You are not seeing that. How can I show you? Maybe stopping here. Now you see it. Okay. This is just a simple web page. But what's interesting is it's compliant with this vision because we have, you see, okay, some graphics for what? Temperature, humidity, red lead, the green lead, sensing, so, and actuation. You see maybe a guess. You see the temperature, humidity, real time. Okay. Just a moment. I'll refresh the page. You should see here. Yeah. Unfortunately, in Italy, it's nine hours of time zone difference. But you can see that I'm turning on the LEDs. Okay. Now, of course, this is a very simple example. But what we want to show is that this works by really engaging the endpoints, which are just URLs of sensors and actuators. Okay. So, slash green lead, slash red lead. Okay. We want you to play with it as well. If you want, you can just check it yourself. You can also check some other information about the eutronic because there's lots to unwrap. But we presented that both at the opening Fridays in Italy in 2019 and another time as well and also in Vancouver five years ago right here. So, if you want to know some more information about virtual networks and plugins, you can check that one in Vancouver and the one in Italy for containers and function as a service, which is, of course, I guess, very interesting for all of us, but there is no time and space to talk about that today. Just wanted also to show you these are all subsystems, components, hardware that is in usage here. And there's something which is on our radar, of course. We didn't work yet on top of Kubernetes, Cata containers and Starlink X, and we are very, very interested in collaborating. And about collaborations, by the way, I'll get back to Antonio. Okay. We just selected some real use case applications of this technology, but we cannot present even more. This is a company that produces this big truck that go around Europe and all this truck are equipped with a station of these boards. There are three of these boards on each of this truck, lots of sensors. We collect in real time about 60 different parameters that are used to monitor the device itself and to make also some preventive maintenance. So they recall the truck back if they realize that there is something strange. And these are some of the things that you can do apart from waiting all the different opening, close of this big truck. It's amazing because with a cellular, you just move this truck and you do lots of things. And on the other side, you have the telemetry related with the different parameters and of course location, position, acceleration, if you break, how you use the truck itself. At the moment, we are controlling roughly 300 of these devices going around Europe. This is instead a different application because that one was related with industry, but we have some use case with Stellantis, with Ferraris, where we use this technology to monitor some production chain. This is an example instead of Smart City, where this is an area of Milan that is named Loren Teggio and we are using, it's already sold, running this technology to integrate 13 different subsets of sensing device produced by different producers. So there are noise detector, smart parking, flow, vehicle flow, detection, environmental monitoring station and many other services all integrated with one single dashboard where the employee in the municipality can take under control a big area of Milan. Just to conclude, collaboration, we are cooperating a lot with IRIA in Paris where there are some researchers working on this technology. Together, we have this MES project that is a sort of integration of different kind of communication protocol under the same umbrella, so it's an extension of what we are explaining here. And these are two projects recently approved. One is an European project named SLICE-PP that involves almost all the European countries and the idea is to create a federation of research infrastructure that will be used by researchers on one side and industrial industry on the other. The other one, the So Big Data project, instead, is an Italian project that is related with SLICE. So So Big Data brings the money to create the infrastructure in Italy and so this is why they are related. And inside So Big Data, we are developing this virtual lab on pervasive intelligence in cyber physical system for future society that will be the infrastructure in Italy that will be federated with the other one in the other countries. So these are a long time project. SLICE will be over in 2040, so it's a long vision project. So Big Data study is a four-year project. So under SLICE, there are several kinds of specific projects that will be activated year by year to create the big picture of SLICE. Okay, future work. We have been approved this book, so we are writing this book. We hope to complete by next year, 2024. And the title will be assembling smart cyber physical systems heterogeneous diffuse green technological infrastructure for seed and industries where we will try to put together in a comprehensive way all the different technology that we try to introduce today in a more ascended way. So this is something that we are working on. So thank you very much. And if there are questions, of course, we will try to answer. Thank you. Okay, so thank you again. Thank you.


From the heart of Silicon Valley, it's theCUBE. Covering Comcast Innovation Day. Brought to you by Comcast. Hey, welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We're at the Comcast Silicon Valley Innovation Center. It's right in Sunnyvale, not too far from Moffitt and they had a special day today, really all about customer experience and invited a lot of industry people around to dig into the issues and find out what is it that's all about customer experience. So we're excited to have our next guest. He's Rip Gerber, the Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer from Velocity. Rip, great to see you. Thanks, Jeff. Thanks for having me here. Absolutely. So for people who aren't familiar with Velocity, give us the overview. Oh, terrific. Velocity builds mobile and cloud applications 100% on Salesforce to extend the customer experience into deep into industries, such as communications, media health, insurance, government, energy and utilities. We extend the power of the cloud, the power of Salesforce to help these companies compete to transform and to win and improve their customer experiences. So what's the tie with Comcast? The tie with Comcast. Well, Comcast is certainly a very innovative media company and of itself and a big Salesforce customer and some of the things that they're doing and that we learned about today and some of the technologies that we saw are very exciting in terms of how they're integrating new content displays and products, new AI technologies, the assisted voice activation modules that we saw for others. Yeah, very exciting. So Comcast, like many of us here in Silicon Valley, certainly are on some amazing journeys with taking these enabling technologies and making our lives as consumers and customers and businesses so much better. Right, so you talked about digital transformation and I think you called them the big four for your customers, you know, social cloud, mobile and analytics. How are you seeing those things map back to digital transformation? It's such a big chewy term. How do you help people kind of zero in on specific actionable things and initiatives that they can start to see success? Right, right, so we're about a decade in in terms of those transformation technologies that I listed earlier today in our panel, social, cloud, mobile and analytics and we were about 10 years into these and so many might say we're in a post-digital world now and entering what we call a customer engagement world. I mean, so you take these technologies which are amazing in themselves, you combine them together and then you start creating the kinds of experiences that new companies that are cropping up disrupting industries and existing organizations are taking to do things better, faster, less expensive. So one of the things that we talked about today is there's a lot of legacy technology, a stack, let's take CRM for example, where you have very old technologies that are there that are keeping companies back that are holding back those experiences because of the way that the on-premise software has been customized and is kind of sticking there and new companies like Salesforce, which is in fact a new company if you think in Silicon Valley timelines have come in and created this amazing experience level on top and we work with Salesforce to extend it even further in those industries to create these amazing technologies pulling up the data from the legacy systems, bringing in social, mobile, analytics, AI and creating an experience that is seamless, almost invisible to you as a consumer or as a business. And so when we talk about digital transformation, it's not just the digital part of it, it's the transformation of the entire technology stack inside of an organization, the processes that they're following, sometimes the teams and the people and it's sometimes the entire industry in of itself. But is it hard to get a B2B vendor to think about delivering their product in the form of an experience, right? We hear it all the time obviously in B2C and everyone's trying to sell experiences and everybody wants experiences and Gen X wants experiences. But if you think of a Salesforce application and delivering kind of CRM capability to some salesperson on the line, how do they rethink that delivery in the form of an experience for that user? Sure, many of the existing metrics or benchmarks that you might have as a consumer, businesses are now being held to as well. So Comcast is a terrific example where there's a B2C as well as a B2B, sales organization and divisions and whether it's the contracting process that you might have with Comcast as a business or the signup process you might have as a consumer, your expectations are growing exponentially in terms of seamless, fast, intuitive, personal and those technologies that we work with at Velocity and Salesforce together help enable that kind of experiences for companies, media companies like Comcast for example. Right, the other piece of it, what we talked about a lot in the room before we got out here is driving it internally with your own employees and really driving kind of a customer centric culture and attitude and two degree experience within your own culture so that those people are then able to deliver that to your customer. How are you doing that at Velocity? What are some of the priorities that you set in this area? Right, Velocity's five years old. We are one of the fastest growing cloud companies actually in the world today. One of the reasons for that, a key driver is our core values. We say we're a values led company. Our first two values out of our seven are customers first and people are the core and so you can't do what we're doing and grow how we're growing and serve the customers with the results that they're getting, the way that we're doing without those two. Customer first, customer centric strategy and emphasis, but then people, our people are at the very core of that and they combine to basically deliver the kinds of results that we're delivering whether it's building innovative technologies, helping our customers with Salesforce implement those technologies and helping the leadership of those customers that we have measure, benchmark, and demonstrate to their consistencies the results that they're getting from those investments. Awesome, well thanks for joining us today at the event and taking a few minutes with us on theCUBE. Awesome, thank you so much. All right, he's Rip, I'm Jeff. You're watching theCUBE. We're at the Comcast Silicon Valley Innovation Center in Sunnyvale. See you next time. Thanks for watching.


in this video we're going to look at recurring decimals. Recurring decimals repeat forever and ever and ever. To save us having to write all of the repeating numbers we can place a dot above the number or numbers that repeat. So that is one-third written as a recurring decimal and we can write this number as 0.123 with a dot above the first 1, 2 and 3. If all the decimal places don't repeat just put a dot above the ones that do. All recurring decimals can be written as fractions and writing them as fractions is even better than using the dots. In this video we're going to look at how to write recurring decimals as fractions. Let's jump straight in with an example. We need to start by forming the two equations. Let x equal 0.8888 and so on. We now multiply both sides by 10 or 100 or 1000 or maybe even 10,000 so that we move the repeating number or numbers so the 8 to the left of the decimal place. You will see that this is really important in later examples. So here we multiply both sides by 10 and we get 10x equals 8.888 and so on. So the repeating 8 has moved to the left of the decimal place. Now we subtract x from 10x to eliminate the repeating 0.888 part. So we get 10x minus x equals 8.888 minus 0.888. So 9x equals 8, a little bit of rearranging. Divide both sides by 9 and x equals 8 divided by 9. We can check that on our calculator. 8 divided by 9 equals 0.888 recurring. So we know we're right. So let's look at a different example. Remember how earlier I said we may multiply by 10, 100, 1000 or maybe even 10,000 to move the repeating numbers to the left of the decimal place? We're going to see what I mean by that. As always, let x equal 0.56787878. Be careful that it is only the 78 that's repeating. So we need to multiply by 10,000 so that we move the repeating 7.8 to the left of the decimal place. So 10,000x equals 5678.787878 recurring. But our decimals don't match up. If we subtract they won't eliminate. So we need to multiply also by 100 to match up the decimal places. So 100x equals 56.787878 recurring. And now our repeating parts match up so we can eliminate the decimal places. Now we can do 10,000 minus 100 equals 5678.78 minus 56.78. So 9,900x equals 5678 take away 56 which equals 5,622. So a little bit of rearranging. Divide both sides by 9,900 and we get x equals 5,622 divided by 9,900. And again we can check this on our calculator. So give this question a go yourself. You may need to multiply by 10, 100, 1,000 or maybe even 10,000. Just be careful that the 7 is repeating but the 2 isn't. Pause the video, work out the answer and click play when you're ready to check. Did you get it right? 5 18ths. So what about this question? Pause the video, work it out and click play when you're ready. Did you get it right? 14 over 225. So there you have turning recurring decimals into fractions. Remember that this is the method and you may need to multiply by 10, 100, 1,000 or maybe even 10,000.


All right, so we got a sit down. It's pretty good. It's a bit harsh on this Basically, I have this exact assignment for my students and I usually just look at the side view basically, I Think you have a good timing in terms of going in slow and then speeding up. That's a big part and then your end Drag overlap with a bit of a separation between these two it's a it's very subtle you can probably go a bit stronger I think my biggest note would be on that impact, but if you go by detail It's good that you have Look at the root here It goes back with a nice arc and at the same time you compensate with the head to keep looking forward like I said, we are a bit of a speed change with a Plop at the end, but what I would do and this is maybe Like I lean that way because of an exercise and not in terms of Realism whereas like when you hit this and the body goes back I see a little bit of going forward with that a little bit, but usually what I try to push for the students is As that hits BAM on that impact I would have a little bit of compression in the body going down While the head goes up a bit with a bit of a drag, right? So this goes down this goes up just a bit it gets very exaggerated in terms of Impact down and then back but it's just there to kind of push the idea of Momentum changes between these three meaning that this goes down down down down And at that point it can't continue as the chair is there But the downward momentum on these two is still happening So chess goes down next frame chess would still go down You can already go back if you want, but there would be a compression and Because of the proximity of this this and this this being first this Compressors first and this will drag a little bit like I wouldn't do BAM impact Chest down and head down then it becomes almost too post-to-post I would have a little bit of separation there where BAM next frame the chest leans forward a bit Slight drag a bit of a forward and back and then you go into this and even here I will probably push this a bit more as The body goes back and forward a little bit and this has a bit more drag overlap For separation. It's it's definitely more in the realm of let's push mechanics and not really thinking in terms of Realism even then if you don't want to do that. I would still have more impact and at least the head You might argue I was going to sit down and immediately go back and you can have compression in the shoulders BAM BAM BAM or I have a couple frames shoulders go down You can have a bit of a tremor in the in the elbows and the head goes down That might be the more natural way to go and not compress because your compression comes as the body goes back The lower part your upper body torso can go and compress a bit I mean you can you can have it that way But if you do that and have less here down and back then I would definitely do more in the head because if we track that chin Going down down in my horrible points here BAM look at that That's a harsh hit here That's your linear Stop so I would at least have BAM on this the chin would be down here. Maybe even well, I make it, you know gets too low but I Would have that next frame you can have this a bit lower the chin could be down here then we can Maybe one more time again if you're going back this fast Then you also don't want this kind of look where it's all broken So it all kind of depends how quickly you go back with this and you might just rotate out of here With a little bit in the neck but mostly in the head so that you're going nose here Right nose low and then already less and then we follow back into this But then you have at least that kind of arc as opposed to this what's going on right now That's mainly that because it's a it's a straightforward or straight backwards Sit down so like I wouldn't be concerned about any kind of twisting or anything in here to me This is like a straightforward or straight backwards Sit back and impact. There's no you know a different kind of stance with a rotation He's looking this way and as he goes down you got you got more complexities in the arcs That's not the case. So to me. I'm not even going to look really at the front part and this is kind of for your For your end and for me. I'm mostly looking at this Because we're not taking any steps. I do like the little winding of the legs at the end. That's great The arms I think they are doing just enough again You can potentially if you want to go further bam on that impact those elbows will go in for a bit of a tremor Not like a muscle power tremor, but that would have a bit of an impact again as as this collapses in and then You might have to change maybe the chairs. You don't have any sections So I don't know if you want to flare out those elbows and it goes back It's kind of to you there But that's kind of that it's always good to do a sit down example like this Yeah, for me the biggest note is just that harsh impact as we track that chin. How he just kind of stops here, right? If you just have Onion skinning here, and you have your invisible boom. It just hits Boom hits that thing there. All right. Thanks. All right. There's an email You can sign up you can start whenever you want you can submit whatever you want You get 16 submissions either way a like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


Virginia Man is fed up with traffic, what he does next is pure genius. He entered the house and struggled to maintain his composure. He looked up in astonishment as his eyes traveled up the walls and to the ceiling, from the hallway and up the stairs. To the carpets and balustrades, he took it all in.  Jack Samus had bought his beloved new home in Queen Street for a hefty $135,000, but was starting to regret his decision. He had bought the property on an impulsive whim, and now he was starting to think that it was unlivable. Jack was a lover of oddities, but perhaps he had finally taken his love of strange things too far. But when he finally let the cameras inside, the world went wild. The house was extremely unusual, and it had been built with a very particular purpose in mind, revenge. The man who had built it made sure that he made life vary. Difficult for one particular group of people in his neighborhood. Placement was very important to John Hollensbury, so much so that the house was so unpractical that livability seemed like an afterthought. John Hollensbury had lived in the 1830s and was a hardworking man. He loved nothing more than to arrive home from a long day of work, pour himself a stiff drink, and relax for the evening. But one thing stopped him from enjoying his peace and quiet, and soon, he was at his wits end. Hollensbury was plagued by the noise of people loitering in the adjacent alleyway, and the sounds of broken bottles and late night brawls would float straight up into his upper-story window at night. More so, he was sick and tired of the loud clip-clop of the horse-drawn carriages as they clattered under his window. One day, he hatched a genius plan. Hollensbury began to cackle wildly to himself. He knew just what he would do to stop the infernal noise and get even. But was it legal? He didn't care about the logistics, he would do it anyway. He was going to stop the traffic if it was the last thing he ever did. They were all going to pay. Hollensbury quickly put his plan in action and started to build. The alleyway was narrow, but he would make it work. No wagon would ever drive through here again, he thought gleefully. He hated traffic, and never wanted to hear it from his window ever again. Then, he ran into a complication. The alleyway was public property, and Hollensbury was not permitted to build on it. But, he absolutely had to go through with his masterful plan for revenge. He used his position as a chairperson on the council board to get his way and pull off one of history's biggest pranks and leave his mark on the neighborhood forever. Two hundred years later, Jack Samus saw the listing for John Hollensbury's house and knew he had to buy it. He had passed the historic spite house four years on his way to his office in Queen Street in the Old Town District in Alexandria. But he was never prepared for what he saw inside. John Hollensbury's stunt to divert traffic was unprecedented. The house he built in the alleyway was only seven feet wide and 25 feet deep, 325 square feet was spread over two stories. The house was built using the adjacent houses walls and the gouges from the wheels of the carriages that Hollensbury hated so much can still be seen on the living room wall today. But could Samus make the space liveable? Samus had just bought the narrowest house in America. And he was determined to make it work for him. I thought having something unique and historic would be fun, he said. So, he enlisted the help of his friend Matt Hannon to make the best of every precious inch of space. And when it was finished, people were clamoring to look inside. Oprah even dedicated a segment of her show to the spectacular spite house, and a camera crew was finally led inside. The whole world was bowled over by the tiny house. And viewers couldn't believe how Samus had transformed the interior and still somehow managed to retain the decor from the period in which it was built, and the result is breathtaking. Hannon had done an excellent job of highlighting original elements of the house, leaving the brick walls and wooden floors intact. He had made changes to make the home more space efficient, such as moving the heating and cooling system to a tiny attic space, and installed space-saving cabinets to accommodate a water heater, and even a stacked washer dryer unit. The house had a distinctive 1930s feel to it, and is also reminiscent of being in the cabin of a ship. In fact, it is so similar that Samus has been known to rent the house out to people who are about to embark on ocean cruises, so that they can get used to living in such a small space. The front door swings open to the living room, and everyone is surprised to see a regular-sized sofa wedged against the wall, which faces a decorative wooden mantelpiece. Just beyond the living room is an impressively narrow and steep stairway that has had the original banister and molding restored. The stairway leads to the second floor. Hannon worked hard to utilize the wasted space under the stairs, and installed cupboards for extra storage. But the kitchen is where Samus needed the most space. On the opposite wall is a kitchen counter with a tiny sink and a four-burner gas stove. Under the counter is a tiny refrigerator with a built-in freezer. A wooden table is pushed up against the wall, and three people can dine there comfortably. The table can also be pulled away from the wall to accommodate four or more, as there is a built-in bench at the end of the counter. At the back of the house is a door that opens onto the patio, which is Samus' favorite part of the house. He uses the patio for house parties, as the interior of the house is simply too small to accommodate more than five people. The garden is stunning with greenery and moss-covered cobblestones, as well as artful lighting and built-in seating. Upstairs, there is a retro bathroom and a stunningly charming antique Balanclaw bathtub sit inside unassumingly, and the bathtub also doubles as a shower to save space. The narrow hall at the top of the stairs is lined with cabinets for added storage space. The entire house uses character and delightful whimsy. There is a bedroom upstairs, with an enormous window overlooking the street below. A double bed is wedged sideways against the wall to better utilize the narrow room space, but you sleep the other way, Mr. Samus explained. This was Matt's idea. A small cabinet frames the feature window and conceals a TV. Most of the time, the Samus family only use their tiny home as a weekend base. Mainly summer weekends, Samus explained. We can walk to the farmer's market just down the street. There are restaurants, the parks on the Potomac. They also have a 17-year-old son, who has fond memories of the house. He especially loved the view of the Washington Day Parade as they passed on the street.


So thank you very much for the invitation and giving me the opportunity to present my work. So the topic that I will talk about is entanglement and coherence and quantum state merging. This is a joint work of myself and co-authors from IGFOR and also with Andreas Winter from autonomous university in Barcelona. And so it will be very related to the first talk today to the resource theory of coherence that I will also briefly review. But I will not talk so much about this generalized resource theories of superposition at this moment. OK. So in the first part of the talk, I will tell you some results about the resource theory of quantum coherence. So we will talk about incoherent states and incoherent operations. We will talk about how to quantify coherence and we will also talk about quantum coherence and distributed scenarios. This is very much related to entanglement to local operations and classical communication but more with respect to quantum coherence. And in the second part of the talk, I will present the results, which is related to quantum state merging. We will talk about standard quantum state merging, which was already presented more than 10 years ago. And we will talk about the incoherent version of quantum state merging where these concepts of coherence come into the game. OK, let us start with the first part, the resource theory of coherence. And again, this is very much related to the first part of the talk that we had today. So we have a quantum state and we call incoherent, if it is diagonal in some preferred basis. So if it is a sum of our IPI and some states I, and if a state is not of this form, we call it coherent. And the set of all incoherent states is labeled here by a calligraphic I. And this goes back to the group of Martin Plano a few years ago, and there is an article by myself, Gerardo Adesso and Martin Plano, that is about to be published in reviews of modern physics. So a quantum operation is called incoherent, if it can be written as in such a form. So we have here a lambda applied to rho, and it acts here with a cross operator. So a cross operator multiplied to the rho, and then a cross operator, a dagger. And as we heard in the first talk today, these cross operators have to fulfill these incoherence conditions, or the crowd operator. Applied on each of the diagonal states must produce a diagonal state. This means that such quantum operations, so this overall procedure is a quantum operation, and such quantum operations cannot create coherence, even if you know the individual outcomes of your measurement. Because every quantum operation can be interpreted as a measurement, at least in principle. And I here labels the outcomes of the measurement. So there are other frameworks of coherence that are discussed in the literature that are slightly different from the framework introduced by Martin Plano and his group. And I will review on this slide the most important frameworks, but I will not go into much details, because there are actually at least 10 different frameworks that are currently discussed in the last two years. So one of them is called maximal incoherent operations. This was introduced by Johann Oberk more than 10 years ago already. And this is actually the most general set. These are quantum transformations which cannot create coherence in general.  This is the most general set of transformations that you can have in any reasonable resource theory of coherence. Because if you have a state which if you have a transformation which does not even fulfill this, this would mean that you can create coherence out of a diagonal state which doesn't make much sense if you talk about resource theory. There is a second approach called strict incoherent operations which goes back to Andreas Winter and independently to the group of Vlad Covedral. So these are operations for which the crowd operator daggers are also incoherent. This sounds a bit mathematical, but it turns out that this definition leads to some nice properties which is not represented by the standard framework of multi-planet. The third approach are called translationally invariant operations. And these are quantum transformations which commute with time translations, meaning you have such a time translation here.  And this is just a nice definition by symmetry. So you have some symmetry here. And it turns out that such transformations are closely related to the framework of coherence. For example, such transformations cannot create all diagonal elements in density matrix. Another nice definition is defacing covariant operations. These are quantum operations which commute with defacing. So delta here is a defacing operation, meaning it removes all of diagonal elements of your density matrix. And it doesn't matter if you apply delta before or after the lambda. Then in this case, then lambda is defacing covariant. And again, if you look at these two things, they are these are definitions by symmetry, as I would call them. And also, this is somehow, these operations can also not create coherence. So these are, they are closely related to the other frameworks of coherence that I have presented here. But this is just to give you a short overview because there are at least four or five more definitions that are discussed in the literature, but we don't have time to go through all of them. So it's just to give you a flavor of what is going on in this research area at the moment. So the, once you have defined your appropriate framework of coherence, you would like to know how to quantify coherence. So if I give you a state, what, yeah, we would like to have a number as, as we have heard today in the morning, we would like to have a number that labels that quantifies the amount of coherence in a state. And the, so this number C should have the following properties. It should be greater equal than zero and it should be zero if and only if your state is diagonal and the number should not increase under incoherent operations. So the, if you apply an incoherent operation to your state and calculate the coherence, then it should not be larger than the coherence of flow. Yeah, yeah, this is a good question. That's right. So usually in most frameworks or in all frameworks that we know today, there is no bulk coherence. Yeah, so thank you. The many coherence measures are also monotonically non-increasing on average under selective incoherent operations. So meaning that you perform your measurement with individual cross operators, not creating coherence and give, you get some probabilities QI for the outcome I and some post measurement state, sigma I here. And then if you average the coherence of these outcomes, this average is not larger than the coherence of the initial state. This was also mentioned today in the morning. And this is actually closely related to the framework of entanglement quantifiers. So if you, where you had, yeah, where this would be E instead of C, so quantify entanglement, you would find very similar conditions there. So, and this was a very abstract notion of coherence quantifiers, but what are the actual examples? So there are two important examples for coherence quantifiers. This is the first one is called coherence cost. And coherence cost quantifies the asymptotic rate of maximally coherent states. So these are maximally coherent states here, which is required to create a state rule via incoherent operations in the asymptotic limit. So for those who are familiar with entanglement theory, this would be entanglement cost and entanglement theory. And we can actually write a formula for that. So the coherence cost is actually equal to the coherence of formation. And the coherence of formation is the minimal average coherence of a state. So this is a so-called convex roof function. So this is sum over IPI. And here we have C of psi I. And this CR will be defined on the next slide. Actually, this is the relative entropy of coherence. It's actually just the entropy of the diagonal elements of this guy. So this is coherence of formation. And it turns out that it's equal to the coherence cost. The second important quantifier is distillable coherence, which is kind of dual to coherence cost. So the distillable coherence quantifies the maximal rate for extracting maximally coherent states via incoherent operations in the asymptotic limit. And for this quantity, we actually have a closed expression, which is a bit surprising because the definition looks not so easy, but we have a closed expression for that. And the closed expression is that it's the entropy of the diagonal elements of rho minus the entropy of the whole state. So delta here is the defacing operation, meaning removing of diagonal elements of your matrix. And these results here go back to Andreas Winter and Dongyang from last year. Okay, and of course, this quantity is also dependent on your framework. So here the formulas for coherence cost and distillable coherence apply only for the incoherent operations of Martin Plano and his group. But if you apply a different notion of coherence, as I have discussed on the previous slide, then the amount of the distillable coherence and the amount of coherence cost change, or can change in general. Okay, there are also other coherence quantifiers that also have also interesting features. One is the relative entropy of coherence, which is just the relative entropy between rho and the set of diagonal states. And it turns out that this quantity also has a closed expression and coincides with distillable coherence. So it's just, again, the entropy of diagonal elements of rho minus the entropy of rho. And last but not least, I would like to mention the robustness of coherence, which goes back to Gerardo Adesso and his collaborators. So this is defined as the minimum over tau and you minimize the quantity s under constraint that is larger than zero, and you have the additional constraint that they are plus s tau divided by one plus s. So this is just kind of normalization.  And you require that this guy here is incoherent or is diagonal. So the minimal s for which this occurs is called your robustness of coherence. And it has actually operational interpretation via interferometric visibility, as demonstrated recently here by Andreas Winter and collaborators in this publication. And this quantity or a similar quantity is also known in entanglement theory under the name robustness of entanglement. Okay, so I hope I have given you an introduction to the research theory of coherence. And now we go to the next level, we go to coherence in distributed scenarios. And what does it mean? We remember LOCC operations from entanglement theory. So these are local operations and classical communication as we heard also today in the morning talk. So, and similar to these LOCC operations, we can introduce local quantum incoherent operations and classical communication. And this means that instead of a general quantum operations locally we require that we only perform incoherent operations locally. And apart from it, we also have a classical telephone. And now I will give you some features of this operation or some properties of them. So these LQIC operations, they preserve the set of quantum incoherent states. So you have such a state which is called quantum incoherent and it has this form. So it's a convex combination here of state sigma i on Alice side and i on Bob's side. So these states i are incoherent. They are diagonal. So this is the important difference to entanglement theory. In entanglement theory you would have a general state here on Bob's side and then you would call the state separable. But here we have only diagonal states on Bob's side. And a classical, or here a quantum classical state would be, would allow for a unitary rotation of the basis additionally here. You would allow to have any basis. But in our case, in these states we have a fixed basis because we talk about coherence theory where we always have a fixed basis. So this basis is fixed through the entire discussion. And so this, to be more precise, this set is a subset of quantum classical states where you would allow additional unitary rotation here. Thanks for the question. And the second feature of these LQIC operations is that they cannot increase the QI relative entropy. So the QI relative entropy is a new quantity here. It's defined as the minimal relative entropy between a row and such states. And it turns out that it also has a closed expression which is it is the entropy, the von Neumann entropy of row IB after performing defacing on Bob's part minus the von Neumann entropy of the overall state row AB. And oh, this quantity is important because it's a monotone under this LQIC operation so it cannot increase under such operations. And it has found many applications in the tasks that I will discuss over the next, yeah, over the rest of the talk. And also this quantity is actually additive in the input state. So which makes many, many things easier to evaluate. Actually, yeah, so this quantum coherence and distributed scenarios has been introduced by myself and co-authors in these two papers and also independently by the group of Vlad Covedral here. Okay, let us now present, talk about an application of such a framework. So the first application is called assisted distillation of quantum coherence. This is the task where we have two parties, Alice and Bob and so who share a bipartite state row AB and the aim is to asymptotically distill a maximally coherent state on Bob's side via the operations that I have discussed before. So via LQIC operations. And so we would like to know how much of the states can Bob distill asymptotically and how is the difference to the other, like to the standard distillation procedures in coherence theory. So and the figure of Meret here is the distillable coherence of collaboration. So it's called distillable coherence of collaboration because you can see this task as a task where Bob aims to distill coherence while getting help from Alice. So that's why collaboration. So we have two parties who are collaborating and yeah, one of the parties aims to distill, to increase his amount of coherence locally. And it turns out that the distillable coherence of collaboration, so here, this is the distillable coherence of collaboration is bounded above by relative entropy, by the XQI relative entropy, which had a close expression as I have discussed on the previous slide. So it's von Neumann entropy of this guy, minus the von Neumann entropy of the total state. And even more interesting for pure state, so if you have a pure state here, then it's actually equality, meaning that we have solved this problem for pure state. So you have a pure state that distillable coherence of collaboration is equal to the QI relative entropy, when again, which is equal just to the von Neumann entropy of the diagonal elements of Bob's local state. So meaning that for pure states, we have solved this problem of assisted coherence distillation. And we would like now to compare how this quantity differs from the case where Bob just distills coherence locally without getting assistance from Alice. And so if Bob just runs the standard distillation procedure locally, then he can distill coherence at the following rate. It will be the von Neumann entropy of his local state, the diagonal elements, minus the von Neumann entropy of the state. And if you compare this to quantities, you see that here, we subtract the von Neumann entropy of Bob's state, where here we don't do it. So meaning that this quantity is larger, this means that by getting assistance from Alice, Bob can increase his distillation rate exactly by the local von Neumann entropy of his state. Which is surprisingly, this quantity is basis independent, meaning that the improvement of the protocol is basis independent, although the framework of coherence is basis dependent. And last but not least, I would like to say that this has been, so there has been an experiment performed on the assistance coherence distillation here by a group of Guansanguo in China. Okay, let us now come to quantum state merging and to, so where we will also apply the results of LQCC operations and the overall framework who will also be applied to this task. But before we do it, let us first talk about standard quantum state merging. So standard quantum state merging was introduced here by Michal Horodetzky, Jonathan Oppenheim and Andreas Winter in 2005. And it can be seen as a game between three parties, between Alice, Bob and the referee. They share a joint state. And yeah, they share many copies of a joint state psi. And the aim of the procedure is to give Alice part of the system to Bob while preserving the total state. So this means that the total stage psi RBB prime should be the same as psi RB up to relabeling A and B prime. So in other words, you'd like to give Alice part of the system to Bob while preserving the correlations with the referee. And so in order to be able to do this, Alice and Bob need to have entanglement. And if they have entanglement, they can do teleportation for doing it, but without entanglement, they will not be able to do it. And in this paper, the authors studied how much entanglement is actually needed for this procedure. And they found the minimal number of singlet rates needed for this procedure. And the minimal singlet rate is given by the conditional entropy. So the conditional entropy between A, Alice and Bob is given by the von Neumann entropy of Alice and Bob minus the von Neumann entropy of Bob's local state. And this quantity can be positive or negative in quantum theory. And if this quantity is positive, then Alice and Bob can achieve quantum state merging with singlets at this rate. And if they have singlets with, if they have less singlets, they cannot do quantum state merging. And if this quantity is negative, then merging is possible without singlets. So Alice and Bob can do quantum state merging just by local operations and classical communication. And additionally, they will get singlets at a rate which is given by the minus of this quantity. So in other words, this quantum state merging gives an operational interpretation for the conditional entropy no matter if it's positive or negative. Sorry? Singlets are with two parties. It's a bipartite. So singlets are shared by Alice and Bob. Yeah, yeah. It's quantum state merging from Alice to Bob, yeah. So the merging procedure merges to Bob. It's asymmetric, yeah. No, no, singlets. If I say singlets, I mean between Alice and Bob because the local singlets do not have any meaning in entanglement theory. So it's between singlets between Alice and Bob. Okay, so now we will discuss the difference of standard quantum state merging and incoherent quantum state merging which we introduced here last year. So in standard quantum state merging, we talk about shared entanglement. So this refers to your question, so shared singlets and they are considered as an expensive resource. In standard quantum state merging, local coherence was available at no cost. So the parties could produce local coherence arbitrarily and not take it into account anyhow. So but in incoherent quantum state merging, as we presented here, we also take Bob's local coherence into account. So we don't assume that Bob can produce arbitrary amounts of coherence locally, but take it into account explicitly. And so in more mathematical terms, we have a state, RAB, shared between Alice, Bob and the referee. And we consider quantum state merging via LQUICC operations and where additional singlets and maximally coherent states on Bob's side are provided at rates E and C. So E is the singlet rate between Alice and Bob and C is the coherence rate that Bob has locally. And so we are interested in optimal entanglement coherence pairs. So these are pairs of entanglement and coherence for which merging is possible, but where E and C cannot be reduced. So this means if you have such a pair, you know that you can do quantum state merging with entanglement at this rate and coherence at this rate. And the main problem is to determine all such optimal pairs for a given state. So we have given a quantum state and we want to know for which entanglement and coherence pairs we can look one of state merging. So it's a difficult question, but this is what we have attacked here, what we have tried to solve. So one of the main results of this paper is the following theorem. So given a quantum state or RAB, any achievable state, any achievable pair must fulfill the following inequality. So entanglement plus coherence must be greater equal than the von Neumann entropy of this quantity. So this is the state row RAB, so the overall state. And here you apply a defacing operation only on Alice and Bob's part. So you deface Alice and Bob's part, but you don't deface the referee. And the rates. So this is the rates, the required rates. So meaning that, so this is the asymptotic number of two qubit singlets per copy of the state. So you have many copies and per copy of the state, this is the number of two qubit singlets. And this is the number of single qubit maximal cohesion states per copy asymptotically. And these are the rates. And they are greater equal than the von Neumann entropy of this quantity minus the von Neumann entropy of this state, again, with the defacing operation but only applied on Bob's part. And so again, here a bit more explanation. As is the von Neumann entropy. And here this delta X denotes full decoherence or full defacing on some subsystem X. So this is how you would apply it, let's say, to be a bit more precise. So you apply projectors here, IX, that operate and roll, and again, here IX. What can we conclude from this result? So after looking at it for a few minutes, you would realize that this quantity is actually non-negative. So this right-hand side is never negative. And because of this, so the sum of entanglement and coherence must also be non-negative. And this means that no merging procedure can gain entanglement and coherence at the same time. Why is it like that? It is because if entanglement is negative, this means that you can do quantum state merging, gaining entanglement. If coherence is negative, this means you can do quantum state merging, gaining coherence, but they cannot be both negative at the same time. So you cannot run quantum state merging and gain both entanglement and coherence. If you gain entanglement, you have to provide coherence and if you gain coherence, you have to provide entanglement. Okay, if we have a pure state, we have the following bounds. We have here, the entanglement is bounded above, bounded below by the conditional entropy. This is the result of Horodetsky-Oppenheiminder, and this is our result. So the entanglement plus coherence is bounded above. But actually, this is also the conditional entropy. If you look at these two quantities, they are basically the same up to the fact that we have defacing here. So this is the conditional entropy of the defaced state. Yeah, oh, yeah. And this bound is achievable for pure states, meaning that if we have a pure state, then quantum state merging can be done without coherence by using entanglement at exactly this rate. So C0 and E is exactly this then. Okay. So this is the plot of achievable region. Here E0 is the amount of entanglement that you use for merging without coherence. So E min is the Horodetsky-Oppenheiminder bound. That means that if you have entanglement less than E min, you cannot merge no matter how much coherence you are provided. And here, what we still don't know and what would be very interesting is C max. C max is the amount of coherence that you need for merging at the minimal entanglement rate. And because we don't know this, we also don't know the region here in between. So yeah, this would also be very interesting, but we just don't know how it looks at the moment. For some mixed states, we can actually solve the full problem. So for example, if you have such a state, you can find all optimal entanglement coherence pairs, but because I don't have so much time, I would like to jump over it and go to the next example because we have a very nice open question that I would like to present. And so there is some evidence that a large amount of local coherence can be saved by using little entanglement. That means that imagine you have a state where you can do quantum state merging with some entanglement and a large amount of local coherence. And we have some evidence that also instead of this large amount of local coherence, you could just increase your entanglement just a little bit by some epsilon and this would reduce your coherence dramatically. And so one example where I believe that such a phenomenon can occur is this state. So you have here a referee, which is just given by some flags. This DB is a very large number, is a very large dimension of Bob and Phi IA are single qubit states of Alice. And here we have mutually orthogonal maximally coherent states on Bob's side. And if you think about it a bit more, this state can be actually merged without an entanglement if Bob just applies a local measurement, but for this he would need a large amount of coherence. On the other hand, this state can be merged without any coherence on Bob's side by just teleporting Alice's system to Bob and this is one qubit. So this can be done by just using one singlet or alternatively no singlets but a large amount of local coherence. So I think this state is a good example for demonstrate such a fact, but this is just a hand-waving argument we cannot prove that the procedures I talked, I told you are optimal. Okay, let me now summarize. So we have introduced the task of incoherent quantum state merging in which entanglement and local coherence are resource. Oh, we have showed that entanglement, we have showed that entanglement and coherent sum in this procedure is bounded below by this quantity and this implies that no merging procedure can gain entanglement and coherence at the same time because this quantity is non-negative. So the bound is tied for all pure states. Any pure state can be merged without local coherence by using entanglement at exactly this rate and these results imply an incoherent version of Schumacher compression. So this is a point that I didn't mention during my talk so far. So it means that the von Neumann entropy of the diagonal elements of rho is the optimal compression rate for a quantum state under the assumption that the decompression has to be performed via incoherent operations. So if you look at this, this entropy is larger than the standard compression rate. The standard Schumacher compression rate is just the entropy of rho and this quantity is larger and this is because of the restriction that we assume that the decompression has to be performed in the incoherent way. That means that in general at the decompression level, you need coherence. So the results I was talking to you about published in this paper and yeah, as I also said, there is a recent review on quantum coherence as a resource that will appear in the ref mod fees probably next week or even this week, we'll see. Okay, thank you very much. Thank you.


Give me the story Man, I meant to get them all sharp time, man Wait a minute, before you start I got something to add on to that after you finish I meant to get them all sharp time, man And I see this dude, right, and he got on some mink shoes I got on a mink coat I said, man, those some cold shoes, you said, man, that's a coat So I looked up and he looked at me He said, man, you pimp a kid, ain't you?  And he was amazed with my skills and my knowledge of the game Because pimp knew the game But he didn't understand it in depth He had been into some encounters with some pimps But anybody that tells the truth I was the best that really did it Got away with it, I mean, I really did it big Really big, big, big So you know what I'm saying? Do you remember what year it was?  Well, you know, I used to write it Parking stones, yeah I used to write it Parking stone was the one But I didn't know him I didn't even know who them niggas was You know what I mean?   Me and PMC I only know him as the rapper, right? But we cool We kicking it every day, right?   Yeah, that's my brother-in-law So when I first moved Everybody was saying how Chad had He had recorded a song On his Asteroom machine It was called Jenny Hold on, I want to get it right now Jenny just don't want to say no Okay And it was all him singing Right? And people from high school Would just call his His house phone Just to hear that song And it was just ringing all night Ringing all night Ringing all night Everybody in town knew about that song Jenny just don't want to say no So at first I heard he didn't Really like that high-pitched voice Like that I don't know what Hey man, listen man That motherfucker can sing, man That motherfucker can sing See, see Once you get close to him He get to just reveal it She said, man, that's me on Masterpiece song That's me on this song Dawg, that ain't you Yeah it is I mean he's killing it too Right? And I didn't know how many songs That he had That he He was doing the hooks I thought it was somebody else Because it only, you know His character I remember I remember P.M.C.    I had a modeling for Murray I was the I modeled for Murray If you go there Get the source All that That was me with the suit With the sand They had the Pippa Ken sandals I modeled for Murray Because I used to get All my shoes from Luigi Which is the owner That's crazy All my shoes had my Inscription on them The Pips Up Holds Down movie Those three tone shoes Yeah Those my shoes I had them made That was the first time Murray Ever made So me and Murray was cool But I'd never seen the Meeks shoes You know what I'm saying? So I was like I was a model for Murray And this thing You got some Meeks shoes I'd never seen them And you know You know how I feel about that I was like, man They used to send me Man, they sent me so many Shoes, man I was the When I tell a nigga I'm the 2, 3 of the P I'm the Mac of Jordan I'm Mac of Jordan Of the Pippin I'm serious That's my own shoe Wow It's not Another pimp in the history Of a country It was modeling by a shoe That didn't cost less than A thousand I'm the only person that Ever did that Now, the Holofield model Form You know A couple of basketball Players But I was the only pimp That model for this company You know what I'm saying?     He said, yeah, man, Ken, I'm going to go in Ooh, you know what I'm saying?  You might not want to do it right now You know, next thing I know, man Niggas calling me, man Did you hear what Pimp say? You hear what Pimp say? And, you know, that's just how he was, man What did you say to him after that? After you heard it Come on, bro He already did it on my radio show Yeah, I remember you did it on your radio show Like two or three times And that's him He gonna do that Once he gets started You can't stop him You can't stop him And he tricky with it, right?   I made a lot of money Man, the first time Pimp gave me some money I did a deal with the dude named Don Fattie Okay You know, Pimp gave me, just gave me $2,500 Then after that, I just started hooking him up with hood And he said, Ken, we gonna rap So he said, nigga, for a 16 to get a hold For $8,000 to get an eight For $4,000 to get a fold So he was thinking in terms of drawing And that's on here He talking about it on here You know what I'm saying?  Martin Rick Martin, we went up there to Universal He got me and Pimp and D'Shade That the movie deal is for $3,000,000 D went to jail Okay Pimp died The $3,000,000 was gone He talked about it in his movie So Pimp was gonna play me You know what I'm saying? I didn't know that He was gonna play you Yeah, it's on you too He's gonna play me Man, we had it all set up Man, we feel to make all this motherfucking money Bro, Pimp, DJ Beto I'm gonna shout out to DJ Beto DJ Beto said if Pimp would have lived Another 30 days Everybody would have been rich Everybody would have been rich He was the hottest nigga on the planet 30 days He had so many million dollar deals in the works It was crazy I had eight How do you explain? I always go break it down a little bit more For me, a hottest was gonna happen in 30 days In your world The deals were already in the works And it just had to come to fruition You know what I mean? He's talking about I've heard him say this story a couple of times It's true And Rick Martin, right?   I mean that nigga So you imagine me I'm sitting at home, right?      So I'm like, man That don't take the chance It definitely ain't taking no chance So that nigga, you know what I'm saying?   So I'm calling the nigga You know what I'm saying?     I was about to ask you about that I'm like, man I'm tripping, right Because I'm in Atlanta I'm in Atlanta And you know, I had I was trying to hide my cars You know what I'm saying?   I talked to him two days before he died Me too He said, man Two days before?    The nigga 7 The nigga 17 The nigga 17 The nigga bankroll The nigga IVP These were the niggas That was on the street having money So how Pimp was going to Form the record label was He was going to just take niggas with money He said, y'all niggas buy your own jewelry Y'all buy your own thing And I'm going to let y'all use the UGK brand Didn't I tell you that? He teach over the exact same thing Didn't I tell you that?    Oh, don't tell me that, man. So how long did you stay in the hospital before you were in the U.S.    You know what I'm saying? He in jail now. You know what I'm saying? This true story, everybody know this. I whooped the nigger in the club. You know what I'm saying? I knocked him out. So I wake up this nigger in the hospital. What?  So they in there and they act like they concern. So I'm like, you know.  And guess what? The jury that they tried to rob me for is sitting there, sitting on the corner in the bag.  It's right there. Yeah, so I'm looking at this nigger, right?  I'm like, is this nigger here son of a dude? I'm like, I'm thinking like the Godfather. He better do it, son. He better finish me up, right? He better finish the job. Hey, man. So you checked out. So a little flip came to the hospital. I'm like, well, I'm tripping.  It was crazy.  So I said, man, listen, I'm ready to check out. I'm gonna check myself out.  It went all that bad. Then the Izy Brother concert was the next day. So I wanted to make a statement. I went to the Izy Brother concert.   Nigga, y'all know what time it is. It's gonna be a cold summer. Nigga, you know what I'm saying? And I'm niggas know what time it was, man.  Man, baby kid, boy, you off the chain, man. I ain't never heard that story, man. Now it's true. You know this man got a million. But you gotta remember all my niggas are East Side gangsters, right? So all my cousins now, they gangsters. You know what I'm saying? They like high officials in the gangster nation.  You know what I'm saying? Like I said, I did 10 years in prison. This is, this is who I am. You know what I'm saying? But niggas know me as Piff and Ken. But street niggas know me, you know, differently. You know what I'm saying?  Man, niggas, man, we put pressure on niggas. You know what I'm saying?  She been there with me. Don't know niggas, don't niggas look funny at me. You know what I'm saying? Cause, you know, I put my work in early. You know what I'm saying? I ain't gotta do it now.    You know what I'm saying?   You know what I'm saying?  I'm going to say this.  That's what I'm saying.   You know what I'm saying?  And like, even in my organization hip hop attorney, we ain't got a number of Bloods and Crips and GDs and vice Lord. Them niggas, man, they always like, oh, what's up?  No, that's right. You know what I'm saying? I get it. Don't do nothing in my name. No, no, I want to ask you something. I got to ask you this cause this is part of the show. Top three artists of all time did or live. I got to have that. Hip hop. Top three artists. It don't matter. It don't matter. John Ray, he could say Sharday for like a top three artist of all time. No cap. Pem C. Pem C, number one. Give it to me, nigga. It's a celebration, nigga. It's a celebration, go down. Let me tell you why I say that, though. Because I know the nigga musically. Yeah. You know what I'm saying?  You heard that, didn't you? I know how he listened to music. I know how much he put into his music. And you know, I mean, he got a lot of melodies. I mean, he cold. Yeah. Then my next one would be. Wait a minute, Ken. Was the boy genius? He was a genius. Hands down. Hands down.   Now, Michael Jackson. Number two, Michael Jackson.  When I, I want everybody to understand this. The reason why Michael Jordan was so good, because he was three seconds faster than everybody that he played against. Okay. The reason why Mike Tyson was such the greatest is he was three seconds faster than punching motherfuckers. You know what I'm saying? The reason why Michael Jackson was so great because he was three seconds faster than, you know, people musically and in talent and skills and entertainment. You can just go see Mike. Mike was the first nigga just standing there for 30 minutes and have people shout. Well, nobody doing that before, Mike. You know what I'm saying? Mike made that presence. Boy. And if I was going to pick number three, if I was going to pick a number three, I'd say Dutch. Hey. That's dope. That's dope. Super dope. Because Dutch man, I sit down, I be listening to music with her, man. She know every song, future, baby. She into a craft. Yeah, she so, so when she make music, that should be so surprising to me. I'm like, man, I can't believe that's a female rapping like this. You know what I'm saying? But then I peeped it. I said, she studied music. She studied music. She's an engineer. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? She do all her own music. Since she record herself, you know what I'm saying? So to me, you know what I'm saying? Even though she haven't reached the apex or the epitome of where she going, I think that she's gonna be in that category. You know what I'm saying? And I'm just, I'm just, I'm predicting. I'm pronouncing that she gonna be up there with the greats. Man, so you got PMC. PMC. You got Michael Jackson and Dutch, man. That's what's up, man. I need some music too, Dutch. I need you to email that to me. Where they sitting now? Yeah, yeah. I'm gonna rock it out. But you know, man, just the stories, man. That's why I wanted to pull us together, man. Just to really chop it up about the pimp. You know what I'm saying? Come together because me and you had talked about it. We always gonna do this on this show. Because when you come to town, you need to check in, man. Let me know. Now I'm serious.  Cause I wanna talk about, I wanna talk about pimp.  That's what I feel like this, this whole, we gotta keep that legacy, that foundation he built with solid. He never flaked on us down here, bro. You know that. You was with him, you was with him. Cause you rapped to him. Cause you rapped to him. That's where it come from. That's exactly what he said. Pimpz said, we don't ride trains, we don't do book packs. All we do is drive, well, Cadillacs. You know what I'm saying? But was it that serious with GZ, the 17, the 17-5 and all that? No, but you gotta remember, they did a song called Cackies, right? Yeah. Dickies.  Dickies, yeah. So, GZ, no pun intended. GZ didn't have no problem with putting the song out.  So they made it all right. That's what they said in the invoice. The record label did. Yeah. That's what screwed everything. Well, the problem was that happened. And then when Pimp tried to call him. Yeah, talk to his assistant. Yeah, I'm trying to call you personally. Yeah. And I can't get in touch with you. But Bond was where I came with them before he got out. But Bond is the middle man for all these new niggas that Pimp see was me. Exactly.  What Pimp was doing after he got to jail, Bond B was doing it before he went to jail. Bond is the great politician, you know? Yeah.  You know what I'm saying? It takes one little fraction to get him on your bad side. You know what I'm saying? Little John did the same thing. They sent them an invoice, too. You know what I'm saying? And he wasn't happy with the track. Did he talk to him? Did Little John pick up the phone?  Pimp probably walked a little lighter on him, because they kind of share a commonality. You know what I'm saying? But I think that the thing with GZ with the 17-5, actually, when they was in Arkansas, I'm on stage with the video that went viral. I'm right there when you talk about the 17-5. Yeah, that's 17-5, but you got to remember, you know what I'm saying? When I come from, it's 25.  I'm like, I want to meet GZ. I want the 17-5. 17-5, man! I'm like, 17-5, where's GZ at? Talking about some squirrels. Hey, I need about a hundred other motherfuckers like that, but 17-5, you know, I know the whole hood to get busy with that. Yeah, man, that wasn't happening too much. I know down here it was even expensive and you could get a, I've seen the lowest, I've ever seen it with 13. But you got to remember, you got to remember though, if any nigga probably was getting it for 17-5, it would be GZ.  I'm niggas, man, that niggas was really, if you read it, you read the motherfucking transcript, them niggas was moving a lot of work. And you know what I'm saying? I'm gonna open this question up, is Atlanta the South because of the time zone? Hey, man, hey, man, I love Atlanta, man, hey. No, I just asked a question. I just asked a question. Hey, let me take some. Is Atlanta the South because of the time zone? Oh, yeah, Atlanta the South, man.  Hey, is it really? I've been changed by the time zone. I've been changed by the time zone. What do you mean, he said, did he clean it up a little bit afterwards? Did he say it well? No. He said he still said it well. He said it was an Eastern time. That's what he was looking for. Eastern span of time. Yeah, that's what he was saying. And the fact that when we go there, when we was going there in the 90s, all them Chicago dudes would be down there, and a lot of New York dudes would be down there. Philadelphia, and you know, we weren't with the Timberlands. We weren't with them. Yeah, we weren't with them. I heard him say, though, he said, you know, I love Atlanta. I used to live in Atlanta. You know what I'm saying? He told me he moved to Atlanta. He said he loved Atlanta. Oh, he loved it, yeah. But, you know, he said a few other things. You know what I'm saying? In that same interview, right? Yeah, he was talking about sexuality up people. So when he was getting on points on that. But you got to remember, you're talking about PMC. You know what I'm saying? No filter.  You know what I'm saying? So he kind of, like I said, he was a little paranoid. So he was preempting the beef. Like, yeah, all you motherfucking get it. You know what I'm saying? But in reality, Atlanta loved PMC because I know. You know what I'm saying?  Everybody loved PMC. Everybody.   Because if PMC went and did that, that album probably did 10 times. It probably would have went diamond. Dang. I'll tell you. This three six mafia thing, he loved them boys too. How did he build that relationship? I know you would know that. We feel to get off of here, but. Closer to when they was in it, after he moved to Atlanta, when they was working on the. So that was something too. You ever get a chance to rock with them all together? Man. That was at the video shoot. I know that, but I'm talking about other instances. Listen, Paul Juicy J called me all the time. A-ball, MJG. Everybody in hip hop, man. I'm not bragging. How is that the first time?  You know what I'm saying?  I've been on the phone with these niggas because you got to remember. You know what I'm saying? You know, I have relationships predating them. Yeah, yeah.  Yeah, when I met you. Lil' John, me and me was like a great honor because you got to remember, it was Jermaine Dupri before Lil' John and Too Short. So I met the video shoot with Too Short and that's how I meet Lil' John. The next day, I ordered him a pimp cup. You know what I'm saying? That's the whole pimp cup. He'll tell you, go read the XXAC came from Pimp and Ken. So I have a lot of relationships, but I'm not the type of person to go around bragging. Oh, I know this nigga. See, if you don't never talk to me about that, you're gonna catch me in Shop Town Mall.  I see it.  You know what I'm saying? That's what you're gonna say. I never thought that. I thought you would hustle like me.  Or, you know, I was on the first, the top 10 albums.  So you was born at the date the song was, but I'm still, I can show you my emails. I'm still receiving money from ASCAP and being mine. I still receiving publishing. And so I'll probably get more publishers than a lot of rappers because I've been on more albums than a lot of rappers. You know what I'm saying?  So you gonna see me everywhere. I just want to say thank you, man. Appreciate you for coming on the show and thank you for every time I ever met you in the streets, wherever we was at. Keeping it 100, you were in Hollywood never in life. I'm not Hollywood. I can never do that either. Hollywood. Hey, next time you come, we need to address the funeral. Cause like I said, that was. Can we talk about that quickly? Yeah, we can because the funeral was something. Because you spoke some stuff on here before. Yeah, what happened was I left Dallas. I don't know how I got in touch with Valentino but Valentino and I followed each other down to Houston. What do we see you at? At Cory Mohan's or at the mall? Somehow we at the Galleria. Yeah, probably at the Galleria. When we was at the Galleria, then we went all back to Cory Mohan's. And then we all followed each other to Port Arthur. And that funeral? Man, the crazy thing about that funeral, right? The funeral was big. But nobody talk about it when we went and viewed the body. Only a hundred people was involved. Man, Pimp C head was this big. Stop it, man.  Man, it was this big dog. I mean, you know. It was darker, too. Hey, it was darker. His lips looked like plastic, his whole face. So too short looking at me.  Bro, the casket was so heavy. Oh, that thing. How they made us carry that casket was once we pulled up to the cemetery area, we had to carry it. You remember we had to carry it to there? Bro, it was a long walk. They didn't have nothing we could push on. We had to carry that thing. And we was talking about Chad laughing at us. He was like, we were struggling carrying it. Why do you think that he looked... Well, he was out for so long. Because he was there for two days. So what they call that decap... What they call it? Decap... What they call it? Decompose. Decompose. His body was decomposed. But man, dude, if you would have seen that man, you ever see that Mega Africa video? Yeah, yeah. It was reminiscence of that, man. It was crazy. And it didn't look like my friend. I was like, man, this is crazy. It didn't look like him, bro. It didn't look like him at all. It didn't look like him at all. You're the first person that has popped that up. Do you think it was foul play involved? Yes, that's what I want to bring you. Well, you know, I believe that, you know... He ain't got no down sleep avenue. That's what you believe. You know... This ain't gonna be serious about Pimp. He's gonna say it.  You know what I'm saying? So, you know, it's a lot of ways to, you know, to impose death on motherfuckers, you know what I'm saying? So, you know, I mean, in my own opinion, is that, you know, I wasn't there. So I can't really say what happened, but I don't think that it wasn't foul play.  A lot.   So, you know, I mean, it could be a lot of different ways.  I had a three million dollar deal with the man. So, you know what I'm saying?  You know what I'm saying? So everybody was working with Pimp C, you know, but you don't know on what part of that was bad business. Yeah, yeah, cause it's so much business.   So we don't know, can't nobody say for certain what really happened.   And the Bible says you're gonna read what you saw, you know what I'm saying? I believe it.  You know?  That was just my past coming back to hunt me.    And you know, you know, I just think some of the things that I've done in my past might've came back to hunt me. And I think that whoever or whatever was connected with Pimp C. Deff, it's gonna come back to hunt him. Wow, man, man. We might not never know about it, but it might've already happened. Yeah, it might've already happened. Yeah, man, thank you so much for coming on the show, man. It was one of the dopest sets I done had, man. I appreciate you, man. Appreciate you, Bobo. Yeah, man, thank you, man. Man, it's grown up stuff right here. This is right here. The kids ain't gonna be able to watch this one. No. Boss talk, what a boss is talk, man. Shout out to that boy, Pimp and Kenny. Bobo Luciana, man. It's been another great segment of that boss talk.