So, first of all, hello, everyone. Welcome to the second online edition of eBay's research seminars. Thank you all for coming. This version is, in fact, a collaborative lecture hosted by eBay and Gritim, the interdisciplinary research group on immigration at the Pompeo Fabra. My name is Charlie Roger. I'm an assistant professor at eBay and one of the hosts with Les Yann Daniels of eBay's research seminar series. It's my pleasure today to introduce you to Thomas Lecombe. Thomas is a CNRS research fellow in geography, an associate researcher at the International Migration Institute at Oxford University, and associate editor at Migration Studies. Needless to say, with a CV like that, he is an expert on international issues. He's done extensive work, especially on transnationalism in Northern Africa and has published a number of critical studies of migrant networks and diaspora communities in that region. Today, however, he's going to be speaking with us about new research that he's doing on city networks and migration governance. Thomas, we're very happy to have you here. And, of course, we are very happy to have all of you, our listeners here. Before we begin, a few notes on procedure. Thomas is going to be speaking for about 40 to 45 minutes, and while he's doing so, we've temporarily muted everyone, both microphone and video, to ensure that there's minimal disruptions. You should be able to write, I believe, in the text box to the right-hand side of your screens if there's any need for clarification, but I ask you to hold all substantive questions to the end of our talk. Now, once Thomas is done, we're going to open up the virtual floor for discussion, and at this point, the audience will be unmuted and you'll be able to ask whatever you like. To do so, you may again write in the text box to the right, and I'll be happy to read your question to everyone. Alternatively, you can use the button at the bottom of your screens that should appear at the bottom at the very least, which allows you to put your hand up, and when you're called upon, please unmute yourself and ask the question that you have. I think that's it from me for the moment. I'll be back again to moderate during the question period for now. Thank you, everyone, and thank you, Thomas, whenever you're ready. Yeah, thank you for Charlie. So, let me know how can I share with you the PowerPoint now. Oh, it's on screen. Okay, thank you very much. Right, seems to work. Okay, so for me, it's going to be the first online seminar for this lockdown era. So, obviously, I'm doing it from home. So, if you hear strange noise like my children fighting or the bell ringing or anything else, it's normal. We have to, I suppose, we have to get used to it. Right, so thank you very much for giving me this opportunity to present this for me. It's a new research. When I started this year and a half ago when I arrived here in Oxford as a fellow of the Meson Française of Oxford. So, indeed, as you mentioned, I'm also an associate researcher at Compass, not IMI, International Migration Institute, doesn't exist anymore. It's my former research institute here in Oxford. And so, I'm a former research fellow at Migranter in Poitiers. And so, as I mentioned, it's a new research and it's an ongoing research. It's not done yet. So, I'm going to present a work in progress. I might have some issues, some aspects which are a bit vague and you will see that it will be especially the case for the Spanish case. But I will go back to it. I'm more than happy to hear about what you have to say about your experience of the city mobilizations in Spain. Right. So, first of all, a bit of a bigger view of what I mean by city network and their recent rise around migration issues over the last two decades. Well, it's the process which started a bit earlier, let's say in the 90s. But from the 90s onward, these city networks, so it means by city networks, I mean group of organization of cities talking together and working together around migration, you have a range of city networks. It's a very diverse landscape, from very informal conversation to very institutionalized networks. So, it's very varied. But yeah, you get these former ones, the first ones created in Europe in the late 80s, early 90s. From this period onward, migration was pretty much where it was readily present in the activities. It was but it's accelerated in the early 2000s, at the time when the states, but also the European Union and other international organizations started to get interested in cities as a major player for the implementation of integration policies. That's what we call the local term of integration policies. And these local terms went along with the multiplication of city networks and most of them were supported by external funding like EU funding or the Council of Europe or other international organizations. But from the, let's say mid 2000s onward, it started a bit before, but early mid 2000s onward, you have a new generation of networks, city networks, which are much more militant, much more advocating for alternative forms of migration policies. And this mushrooming of such militant networks developed after the series of migration crisis or migration policy crisis, I would say between 2010 and 2015. And at a time when the migration became for cities in Europe and other parts of the world, a more pressing issue. Just to illustrate what I'm just, I'm saying, right. So this graph is based on an inventory of migration related city networks. I could find around the world, I found 53 of them. And in blue, you get what I've called these co-opted networks, which have been more institutionalized, more supported by EU and other international organizations, and which are much more focused on integration issues, integration of long term residents. And in red, you get this new generation of much more militant networks, which I've called grassroots networks. And you can see that this is a generation, but forget about the one in the 80s and 90s, we can come back if you want, but it's another story. So in this modern time, the contemporary times, it's really started in the early 2000s. For example, with a network like the sanctuary cities movement in the UK, which started in 2004. And as you can see in the last part now, since the 2010, there are more militant networks which are being created than co-opted or institutionalized ones. And of course, the literature so far has been much more interested in this very institutionalized form of networks, like Euro cities, like Erbach. Well, I will present you a number of these EU led and city networks at a later stage. But so far, yes, the literature was much more focused on this kind of things. And the militant networks, which are more recent, probably the reasons why the scholarship has focused less on those later generations. So my question, I would like to address today as a following. So I just would like to give you another view of these militant networks and how they emerged. And one of the questions I would like to address is how do they manage to upscale the scope of their activism at the international level? And the question was the reason why I'm asking for that just very quickly. So I'm going to present my research based on the current fieldwork we are undertaking with a team of researchers on France, Italy and Spain. Spain is not on the map yet, because as I said to you, it's an ongoing research. So I haven't been able to really clearly map the current networks in Spain. But here you get two examples, the Envita in France, Association Nationale des villes et territoires accueillantes, and the RECOSOL network. So it's the network of solidary communes or municipalities in Italy. And as you say, you can see there are more national associations focusing around national issues. Whereas the core team networks are much more international, and I'm showing you three examples of them. And as you can see, there are pan-European networks. Like you get three of them here. You get the permanent representation of local authorities at the Council of Europe. But another network which has been supported by the Council of Europe, which is called Intercultural Cities, and I've added Urbax. Urbax is another initiative which has been funded by the European Union. Another major player I haven't shown on this map, but it's key. It's called Eurocities. The definition and the actual difference between co-opted and grassroots networks are sometimes very difficult to disentangle. Because, for example, Eurocities, which was a very spontaneous network, which was created in the late 80s in Europe, it was a network of what we call secondary cities. It is to say, cities which are not the capital of their states, but cities which are very large, cities of their respective countries, like Barcelona, Manchester, like Lyon in France, and Mannheim in Germany, for example. And these networks, which were initially very spontaneous, grassroots, meant to voice the interest, and we have voices as a point of view of cities in the building of the European Union. These networks became gradually incorporated into European institutions. To say that, things are often not as clear as that. Just to close this bracket on Eurocities, I'm not going to mention it anymore. I would like to focus on this new generation of migration-related militant networks around these three, for example, of France, Italy, and Spain. And at the later stage, I will present an ongoing project, an initiative which is supported by key mayors like Leo Lucca, Orlando in Palermo, or Ada Calau in Barcelona, but also major NGOs in the Mediterranean. And they want to build up a cross-Mediterranean network based on this activism, and this initiative is called the Palermo Charter Platform Process. And presenting this initiative will enable me to reflect upon the possibility of upscaling these grassroots initiatives. Okay, so just a brief overview, just to complicate a little bit more of this landscape of militant city networks. As I said, I'm going back, I've got two major categories, the co-opted network supported by external institutional organizations, and the grassroots militant networks, which are much more spontaneous. But within these certain categories, you've got two sub-categories, and you've got what I call the city diplomacy networks. I mentioned these euro-cities and its constellation. It's a very large subset of networks included in this, around this overarching euro-cities institution. We've got another example, which is a global parliament of mayors, which is a global organization around an agenda around the voicings. It's a voice of global cities, I would say. So very large cities, and they mobilize around the issues of commerce, of global capitalism, of environment, and migration is part of it as well. But there is this second particular sub-categories of militant networks, which are much more based around national issues, and they are much more militant also because they want to voice an agenda, which is clearly to formulate an alternative migration policy. So that is a big difference with former co-opted networks. They are much more focused on the welcoming of new immigrants, asylum seekers, and also the formulation of alternative migration agenda, whereas the older more established networks are much more focused on integration agendas. And also more co-opted, of course, because of their nature, they are much more confrontational in their way of acting. We've got much less critical, we've got to state policies. All right, so among the... I caught in this slide a few examples of militant networks. So the Association Nationale des Villiers Territoires accueillant in France, I'm going to get back to it in a moment. The commune hospitalier in Belgium is another example. The sanctuary cities in the UK and the cities of sanctuary in the US, so very close names, but a big difference in their remit. And we've got the fearless cities in Europe, which is a rare example of militant networks with an international dimension. And you get also other networks. We'll get back to them in the conclusion. Okay, so let's start with my first example, the Association Nationale des Villiers Territoires accueillant. So we got to go back to 2016. So we are in the midst of this so-called migration crisis in France with the arrival of asylum seekers from the Middle East and Africa. And we are in the midst of the jungle issue, the crisis of the jungle of Calais. So the jungle of Calais has a long-standing history. It started in the late 90s. It's a semi-informal camp. You probably know a little bit about it as well. So it's a non-camp. It's a de facto camp which has been acknowledged by local authorities because they had no choice, no other choice. It was a place which was the Calais jungle left to associations to gather the migrants which were scattered in the cities. And they said, okay, you can put them, well, they tried to put them on the outskirts of the city of Calais. It was, yeah, it was a very damp area, very unwelcoming and with a lot of insularity. And right, so the idea was to gather the migrants in the same place in order to better control them and to get rid of them from the city center. That was the basic idea. And Damien Carême, who is the mayor of Grande Saint, is a city which is very close to Calais. It's near Dunkerque. So it's a few kilometers from Calais. And Damien Carême is the mayor from the Green Party, the party ecologist. And he said, he wanted to have a counter an anti-Calais and anti-jungle policy. And he decided to set up a camp in the city, but a camp which would adopt the HCR standards, which was a coup. It was a very, it's also, well, it attracted a lot of attention because the UNHCR camp in the mindset of the French people was designed for Africa, for countries in, for the third world. It was a third world camp. It was a camp for countries at war. It was associated with another, another landscape, another mindset. It was very foreign to all. So the fact of having an HCR camp on the territory of France was quite a shock for the public opinion. And at the same time, it was a response to the Calais mayor. And Damien Carême was surrounded by a series of mayor. There was a proto network, very local network of mayors supporting this kind of city, of, of, of, of initiative. So the camp itself didn't last for, for long, a year or a year and a half at most. And it was destroyed by a fire soon after its opening, because there was a fight in the camps. So it was, it was really rapidly destroyed. But still, the traction it produced in the public opinion, it managed to attract the attention of other mayors. And they started a conversation around how to promote an alternative way of welcoming these immigrants. So the second step was October 2016, when the Calais jungle was dismantled. And at best moments, the authorities, the national authorities, and it's important, it's, it was handled by national authorities, decided to scatter the population of Calais, of the jungle in all over the French territory, including its small villages in a, on a voluntary basis. So the mayors in the, the French mayor say, okay, I'm happy to receive a family or two, or a few people from the jungle, and, and opening a dedicated place to host them. So the dismantling of the Calais jungle triggered, was scattered and raised awareness of the welcoming of immigrants, including in municipalities which had never really hosted any of them. So it's, it has this, it had also this effect among mayors. All right, so December, 2017, you got another reaction. It was the coming of winter. And you had a lot of mayors with small immigrant population, small or large immigrant population to manage, but very few means to do so, very few resources. And the government was reluctant to, to leave to, to, to these two mayors, the possibility to have a resource to, to, to host them. So there was a petition, which was signed by mayors of large cities like Paris, Strasbourg, Lille, Lyon, Bordeaux, and, and Grand Saint, of course as well. And in September, the year after September, it says the key step when the Envita was created. And so it's Damien Caret, who is the leader of this association still now. And he surrounded around him 30 mayors, around the, the notion and the agenda they have tried to promote is the one of unconditional, so non conditional welcoming. So we, they state that they have to welcome anybody, whatever their, their immigrant status, whatever the gender race, and so on and so forth. And, and give them, well, good conditions to, to, to live, provide them with services and so on and so forth. In more recently, in October 2019, the Envita organized its key events, which in partnership with OCU, which is the organization for a university, the organization for a university, universal citizenship, which promotes also freedom of circulation and, and the universal passport as well. And this event, it re-embedded Envita in a more broader international landscape because they invited the representative from the city of New York, the city of, of Wagadugu in Africa and other key mayors like that in the, from all around the world. Right, so now here we go. It's not, it hasn't been very active for the moment because just as soon after that, the, the, more recently you had the, the, the elections, the municipal elections. We had the, the first turn just before the lockdown. And so far, the, the Envita is like all of us, it's in lockdown. Right. So I'm moving on to Italy. Italy has a very rich history of, of city mobilization. It started in the very early 90s, against the background of the Balkan war and especially the coming of people from Albania. And up until 1990, the Italy, you have to say, no, that up to that date, the, of course, the, the Italy was a country which signed the, the convent, the Geneva convention with regard to, to, to refugees and asylum. But he had, it had a restricted, restricted close. We, so he would acknowledge, there's country would acknowledge refugees only from the European continent, up until 1990. So it was a, there was a geographical restrictions to the implementation of this convention. In 1990, the country canceled, removed this restriction and to open up the possibility to, to, to manage asylum and refugees from all over the world. So they have to put up very quickly a system to, to manage the refugee populations coming from the Balkans. And, and very early since 1992, they engage with the municipalities, the local authorities where the pivotal level at which this, the welcoming of refugees would be managed. So they set up a network which was, which is called the SPAR, SPRAR, which is a kind of institution organizing and managing the, the activities and the initiatives of cities. We regard to the, the hosting of refugee population. Right. So, yeah, so the SPRAR itself was created, if I remember, I'm sorry, but it's part of my, the reason why it's an ongoing research. Sometimes these elements escape me. So, yeah, the, I think it was finalized in 2002, so 10 years after the, it was really formalized in 2002. In 2003, in parallel, you have the creation of an association of, of cities, which was called RECOSOL. So it's interesting this, the network of Solidaries Commune, the Commune Solidaire. They, this network was created not so much for immigration and so on, but more for decentralized cooperation with cities in the south. So for implementing, twinning partnerships and development partnerships with cities in the south. But in the context of the the evolution of the migration policy of Italy, they became more and also in the context of the, the so-called, well, migration crisis, migration policy crisis, I would call them, in 2008 and in 2011, you had the, the, the Marinostrum crisis in Italy. So against these backgrounds, the RECOSOL became more and more involved on migration issues and much more vocal on migration issues as well. It also had a partnership with AGSI, which is a very quite important pro-immigrant association in Italy. And right, so in this, in this background, there was a shift from a decentralized collaboration to migration issues within the RECOSOL. In, so the following, so the, all right, I get to check something, just, sorry about that. Yeah, so, yeah, as I said, so the, the, the formalization of the SPRA, it's 2002 and 2003. Right, so yeah, so because during this period between 2008 and 2015, you had a transformation of the, the, the asylum system and the SPRA was less and less supported by national authorities. They, they underwent major cut in their funding and in parallel, the funding was re-arranted to our security, security measures, and also a privatization of the asylum management. Possibly you, you, you might have heard about a scandal which in Rome where people discovered that the, the, the centers for hosting immigrants was managed by the mafia organization. So the, the more and more the, the management of asylum population and asylum seekers was delegated to private companies, to hotels, to, well, mafia, pseudo mafia groups and so on and so forth. And also you had a proliferation of, of what they call the CARA, closed detention centers, so much more security-oriented detention centers. So in these backgrounds, again these backgrounds as SPRA was, was, became a kind of a secondary institution for the, from the point of view of the, of the, of the state. Right, so in, in 2015, you, you got the, so the mayor of Palermo, Leo Luca Orlando, published the, the Palermo Charter. So I don't know if you had the occasion to have a look at the Palermo Charter. It's a very militant text, very progressive and he, it promotes the idea that circulation should be a human rights. It should be conceived as a human rights. And again these backgrounds, the, the visa system should be canceled and the, the, the, the system of universal passports should be promoted. And Orlando Leo Luca Orlando is a very influential mayor and he also, yeah, he, he's got, he, this kind of, of positioning also for, for local reasons. He wants to promote the idea of Palermo as an open city, as very prone to, to defend human rights in order to move away from the image of a mafia city. So he's coming, he's very sensitive to, very close to, to, to, to civil society organizations, but also very well embedded into the networks of city diplomacy around the world. He has strong connections in particular, in particular with, with Germany or Spain, like with people like Ada Colau, Colau in, in, in Barcelona, for example. But, but Orlando, Leo Luca Orlando is not the only personality mayor informed in the, on migration issues. And you also, we can also mention, you probably heard about the mayor of, of Riacce, Loc Lucano in the, in the, in the south of, of Italy. Lucano, who promoted a system of free house for immigrants who would like to come and settle in his village for, with his family. And Riacce, in Riacce, Lucano is also a mayor who comes from the civil society organizations. He was an activist in human rights organizations. Another mayor who was very famous was, uh, Nicolini in Lampedusa, also embedded in different initiatives, a pro-immigrant initiative in around the world. And another mayor who was, more known at the national, the international level, but still Mr. Catiari in, in Venice. Venice, who declared Venice as a city of refuge. He was a forerunner in this, in this area. In the, in the, I think it started in the nineties in Venice. Right. So the, and then we arrived at 2018, which is a turning point, of course, as you can imagine, 2018. And the arrival and the, the, the, the government who was led by the five star movement. And the government included Matteo Salvini as the ministry of interior of Italy. So coming from the far right, Italian far right. And, uh, of course, Matteo Salvini, very early on, uh, implemented a very security oriented and restricted, uh, uh, program. And one of the first thing he did was to almost, um, close the SPRA system. Uh, he changed the name, it became the, the SPROIMI system. And he limited the, the activities of local authorities and the initiative he could take to statutory refugees. So he excluded the population of asylum seekers from, uh, these, uh, from the remit of the, uh, of the local authorities. And, um, and also in 2018, he had the parliament to adopt the decree, a decree which was called the Salvini decree, uh, which cancels basically the, the most important, uh, measure including the division decree is to cancel, to remove the possibility for asylum seekers to register in their host, uh, municipality. They would not be entitled anymore to register at the, uh, in their host municipality, municipality, which means, I think it's the same thing that you will confirm in Spain. But if you're not registered in your host municipality, it means that it de facto excludes you from the municipal services, uh, the support the, the, the, the municipality could, could provide, uh, for, to immigrants and their, and their children from schools, etc. Um, you, we had example in the press of children of immigrants, which could not go to, um, to the, to, to the, uh, to school meals. They, they were not allowed anymore to go to the, the, the cantina of the, of the school. Right. Um, so of course this decree, uh, and it's this, the two dimension of the Salvini policy, uh, attacking both the, the system, the, the, the role of local authorities in the management of migrant population and attacking the rights of immigrants. It, uh, triggered a movement of mobilization of, of cities around all over, all over Italy. Um, right. With my colleague, uh, Cristina Del Gaggio from Grenovo, uh, we tried to map this mobilization, all the cities, several hundreds of cities, uh, in, in Italy, who declared that they would not implement the Salvini decree. So, uh, well, there is a range of mobilization from a pure statement to an active opposition, of course. So not every city is reacted the same. But what's, it is important, uh, to, to note here is that, um, first this movement, uh, is not specifically, uh, left movement of left cities. So it's, it's, it's also included a lot of right-wing cities because, uh, they regard, consider that, uh, the, the, um, removing immigrants from the registries, the city registration would, would be a huge problem for them, for the management of the population. And also, even including for their control, they, because they would not know anymore where this immigrant population would be. Uh, they would be scattered in informal squads. It would be very difficult for them to, to manage. But the second, the second thing I would like to underline here is that a large part of these cities, uh, involved in the Salvini decree movement, are cities which were part of both the SPRA movements by the SPRA and the recosal, uh, associations and the, uh, the network of solidarity. So there is all this, actually in Italy, there, there is a whole sedimentation of, um, oh, I'm sorry. I think I, yeah, right. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I forgot to, to, to show you the map in question. Right. It's better now. Okay. So the, as I was saying, there was a whole sedimentation in the history of city mobilization of Italy since the early 90s. And, and it's not, it's not coming from nowhere. It's a, it's a very long story. And, and now through this anti-Salvini movement, all the, these sedimentary layers, they, they come together and they, uh, they coalesced into this movement. Right. Um, okay. Now, Spain, I'm going to bear very, very brief because I don't have that much information about Spain. Um, also because I'm working closely with a doctoral student on the case of Spain, which because of the lockdown has not been, she has not been able to do the fieldwork. So she will come and probably she, I hope she will see you, uh, in, uh, in, in, in September when she starts her field study in, in Barcelona. But, uh, we can discuss, we'd be very happy to, to have a conversation about that with you. But as far as I know, what characterizes the Spanish situation is first and foremost, the specific role of Barcelona, uh, which is the most when I, in my, in my inventory of, uh, city-related, uh, migration-related networks, I found out that Barcelona is the city which is the, the, with the, the largest amount of connections. Uh, it's, it is, I think it, it is part of 12 different networks, but also the, the city is the host of the United Cities and local government, which is a representative body for local authorities at the UN level. Um, so it, it has, and it has maintained a long-standing policy with regard, and also a long-standing diplomacy, city diplomacy. It, it has developed its own international agenda for a long time. And I suppose it has, it is connected with the specific, uh, uh, policy situation in Spain, with, uh, Catalonia, uh, uh, willing to, to develop a policy and a position in the world, which is differs from the one of Madrid and the, and the central government. And, but what's interesting is that there seems to be, uh, you will tell me, uh, but there seems to be a competition between Barcelona and Madrid, because Madrid, I found, is also one of the top, uh, connected cities, uh, in the world, right? It's part of the, the, the top five of the, the cities, which is the largest amount of connection with, with, uh, with, um, city networks. Um, so there must be a kind of competition and I don't know if competition or emulation or whatever you call it, but we can see about that. Right. So, um, what I've, we have found out is the existence of two major network, uh, one which has been launched by Barcelona itself in 2015 or once again, in the background of the migration crisis and so on and so forth is a resettlement of, of, uh, refugees from, uh, hotspots and Greece. And, uh, so 2015, the Barcelona launched this Ciudades Refugeo, sorry for my accent, and which includes 25 cities in, including, uh, Pamplona, uh, I don't remember, uh, which ones. Um, and, and the second one is, well, is the, uh, Red de Milipios, the Acolita de Refugados, which has been sponsored by the FEMP, which is a national, uh, official association of municipalities in Spain. So you get the Ciudades Refugeo on the one hand, there is a red, uh, the Acolita on the other hand. There seems to be once again a kind of competition between them, uh, because I read in the press that, um, members of the Ciudades Refugeo were criticizing the FEMP for being inactive on, on, on, uh, on the migration issues. And they criticized the FEMP for being passive with regard to money, uh, to, to migration issues. And it seems to me that's not sure, right? Maybe I'm wrong. That is the red, the Red de Milipios, the Acolita, uh, has been built up in your reaction to the Ciudades Refugeo. So it's a, uh, it's a position that I must confirm, but I'm not sure. Uh, and part of the, this red, I don't know what is the link exactly. Uh, it's not clear to me yet, but, uh, you get one regional specific, uh, red network, sorry, which is the one in, in the province of Valencia, which is, we will see extremely important. It played a major role in the, uh, the crisis of the Aquarius in, uh, more recently, uh, the Aquarius bot, uh, in 2018, uh, we'll talk about that. So Spain, um, more, well, also a strong activism with regard to, to, to migration and cities. Uh, and which way, uh, which is rotating around the, the issue of, uh, and there's a place of Barcelona, uh, and in its place in the diplomacy of cities. Right. And finally, I would like to have a word that present briefly, uh, what's going on at the international level. So trying to link up, uh, the two forms of mobilization in Spain, in Italy, and possibly they're trying to try to, trying to expand it to France as well. The implementation of the Palermo Charter platform process. So it has a, it has also a history which is connected to the search and rescue operation. So the search and rescue operation in which operate, uh, large, uh, NGOs in the Mediterranean with their boats, including the, uh, the Aquarius, the Aquarius, which is the boat managed by SOS Mediterranean and, uh, uh, doctors without borders and, but also a lot of, uh, uh, different, uh, organizations. And so initially this search and rescue operation was, uh, was coordinated by a European authorities and especially the Italian coast guards. But from May 2017, the EU and Italy under the pressure of Italy started to, to, to transfer the, the, the coordination of the operation to Libyan authorities and especially to Libyan coast guards. So if a boat, uh, rescued, uh, uh, immigrants, they would have to refer to Libyan coast guards instead of to Italian coast guards in order to, to, to know where they could, um, they could, uh, dock and, uh, and, and release these immigrants. Right. So of course the, uh, the, the NGOs were very happy about that. And that's one of the reasons why it triggered the Aquarius, uh, event, since there's a boat Aquarius, uh, which, uh, wanted to, to dock in, uh, in CCE and it was refused its, its landing. And, uh, and, uh, for, for several days or weeks, they, uh, they remained and show where to go. And, and the city of Valencia backed up on the network of, of cities I mentioned, uh, uh, in the previous slide. So the Valencia network of, of, of, uh, reception of immigrants, they, uh, they say, okay, we are, we are happy to, to, to have you and to have you on board. And, uh, so they, they managed you to solve the, uh, situation like that. But the, for, for the, um, for the NGOs, it was, uh, an alarm, uh, an alarm call also because in 2018, you had Matteo Salvini who, who, um, who came to power. So it was a very difficult situation for them. And the, they started the criminalization of the mobilization of NGOs. So the, um, the, the NGOs were afraid of losing the capacity to, to, to handle, uh, their, their, their own activity and also to be forced to, to bring back the, uh, the, the refugees to Libya. So they decided to launch a conversation. They contacted the first people, the person they contacted was Orlando in Palermo and say, okay, how can we deal with this situation? We cannot talk with, uh, European authorities anymore. We cannot talk to national authorities and Italian, uh, uh, authorities in particular anymore. So let's, let's try to have a conversation with cities. And so that's a big, very beginning of the, uh, the, uh, this process. And Orlando, with its, based on its network, contacted, uh, mayors in Germany, uh, in Berlin in particular, he contacted Adakola in, in, uh, Barcelona. And Adakola, uh, came to Rome in February 2018. She had to meet the Pope and she said to, to Orlando and other Italian mayors, uh, to say, okay, I'm coming to, to, to Rome. So what about having a, a meeting together? And so that's when they decided to launch the Palermo platform process. And including now in this, uh, uh, process, you got a consortium of NGOs, like so I have got a list of them here. European alternative emergency homebolts, vanilla governance platform, but you also, the, the major ones actually are open arms, of course, uh, in Germany. And also, um, uh, what's your, uh, medal arm. You got to, yeah. So these are the key players. And on the city side, you got Berlin, Valencia, Sao Paulo, uh, Syracuse, Milan, Naples, Barcelona and Bologna, uh, you, and they are trying to expand to other cities, including French cities. They are, uh, move, uh, movements. Uh, they trying to, they're trying to approach and beta. So for other moments, I don't, do not have, uh, a lot of information because they want to keep it secret. They don't want really to disclose what's going on, which is understandable because, uh, it's really, uh, it's a tentative process. I mean, it's, um, they, they, they don't want to disclose any information that would be invalidated in the, in the few, uh, in the days to come. So it's, uh, so that's why we, where we are. But, uh, at some point, they want to organize, they were supposed to organize in June, this year, a large conference in, um, in Italy. Uh, but, uh, it will take place more in, uh, after, after the lockdown, so after this summer. Um, and so the idea, the basic idea of this, uh, initiative is to secure for these, the NGOs, uh, safe harbors places where they could land, they were, they could dock and, uh, and release immigrants. Uh, so it's how to secure the, the sea to land, uh, transfers of immigrants and not in Libya, uh, avoiding Libya, of course. Right. So that's in what is tracing. So finally in a few words, I would like to conclude, uh, few elements that we learned through these three four case studies, uh, about these militant networks. So first they were created at national level, uh, in the, um, around issues of, uh, national political issues. So the college angle in France, the Salvini decree in, uh, in, um, in Italy, and, uh, so the, uh, the specifics, uh, place of, uh, uh, Barcelona in, uh, in the Spanish context, probably the Aquarius, the Aquarius crisis in, uh, so it's a Mediterranean crisis in, um, in Spain as well. Right. So it's, it's per by national issues, but behind these national issues, you have, you, you always see the pivotal role of key mayors like Damien Carem in Constant, Leo Luca, Orlando in Palermo, Ada Colau in Barcelona, and other people. But what is interesting is that these mayors are never mayors from the capital, uh, of, of the states, of their respective states. It's always other cities. And the three third elements I would like to, to highlight, uh, in my talk is the role of civil society organizations. Uh, they are just a bit less in France where it's, uh, the, the, the OCU movement, so the, the organization of also university, university citizenship, it came a bit later. Uh, but for the other, um, the other countries, the civil society's actors are always present. And, um, the, uh, so open arms in, uh, in, uh, in Spain, you got, uh, the AGSI I mentioned in Italy, uh, you got the, uh, so, yes, they are, they are, they always play a very influential role. And it's, it's particularly the case when it comes to upscaling these militant, uh, movements. Uh, through the Mediterranean example, we have seen that these search and rescue NGOs are the key players for, uh, behind the upscaling of the, uh, Mediterranean mobilization of cities around migration. Right. Uh, so I will, my, my, my, I will stop here. Uh, thank you very much for listening. And now I'm very looking forward to our, uh, conversation and your questions. Thank you.


He spent like what, 10% of his life, right? Every 10 days he spends an entire day playing this game. That's how you're going to, you're only going to live one life to live and you're going to spend it pressing A, attack, attack, attack. Just so you can see the next like, you know, a video in a Final Fantasy game that you could have watched on YouTube, right? Think about your whole life when you're doing this, right? Is it really worth it to be looking at that Pokemon ghost screen, right? You spent what, a month of your life on that? Is it worth it? Right? Was that a life well spent? So spend it wisely, meaning if you're enjoying yourself, it is totally okay. Play that game, just grind it out. If you're enjoying yourself, but take that moment when you're grinding and you're not having fun and you know you're not having fun. Force yourself to stand up and turn off the game and that shock will pass and you're free. Don't play games you're not having fun with if you're not actually doing anything in them.


Welcome to our nation's capital. No, these aren't cherry blossoms, but they are in bloom. And the Kidney Cancer Association is here with more than 18,000 researchers from around the world to attend the AACR annual meeting, making this one of the world's premier events where the latest and most exciting early discoveries in cancer research are presented. This forum provides a unique opportunity for members of the worldwide cancer research community to discover, interact and collaborate. The theme for this year's meeting is Personalizing Cancer Care Through Discovery Science. Membership in the American Association for Cancer Research, or AACR, is open to everyone. Affiliate membership is open to any patient advocate promoting the advancement of cancer research, including those who are members of organizations and those who work as independent patient advocates. If you're in the Washington, D.C. area, we invite you to stop by the convention center and visit with us at our tabletop display, booth number 342.


Who actually chooses downloadable content characters for Super Smash Bros Ultimate? Understandably, nobody involved with the game has provided complete transparency about the design decisions within the game. Nobody really wants to take credit, or blame, for these important decisions. But fans are often eager to figure out where ideas for character inclusion might be coming from. It's fun to speculate about who might be next for inclusion, and what other Nintendo projects might be on the horizon based on choosing to throw in references to specific games. Masahiro Sakurai has previously stated emphatically that he doesn't get final say over who goes into Smash Bros. But, other voices of authority have instead claimed that Masahiro is in charge of guiding the series and of deciding who makes the cut. In order to try to make sense of several conflicting reports, let's look at a few quotes from official sources to try to untangle this complicated issue. At the 2018 Video Game Awards, speaking about the inclusion of Persona 5's Joker in Smash Bros, then-president of Nintendo of America, Reggie Fisame, stated, It's emblematic of the approach that Mr Sakurai and the team are taking with the DLC. He wants characters that are unique, different, to bring them into the Smash Bros environment. So it's going to be tremendously exciting. As to Sakurai, he's not only a student of Nintendo franchises, and obviously he's had his hand in a few, but he's a student of video games from a total perspective, and so he's been the driver in really thinking about what type of character coming into Smash Bros. Ultimate would bring just a whole different level of fun and enjoyment for the player. That's been the approach, that's the thinking. From this quote, it's clear that Masahiro Sakurai himself is a driving force behind the selection of game characters, and he's done his best to pick fighters that add something new to the play experience. But this doesn't mean that Masahiro gets final say over which characters get included. He's been eager to distance himself from the final selection of fighters, if only to avoid fan-ire if a fan favourite doesn't get included. In a rare English tweet following the announcement that Street Fighter II's Ken Masters would appear in the game, Masahiro stated, Super Smash Bros. Ultimate's DLC line-up is now complete. This time the selection was made entirely by Nintendo. I decide if we can create a fighter based on their selection, then come up with the plan. Masahiro followed this up with a plea that fans stop bombarding official channels with requests for certain characters. It's great to dream about your favourite character joining the battle and I appreciate your passion, but please try to stay on topic when replying to tweets and refrain from flooding us and other users with requests when we're not specifically asking for feedback. Thank you. It's clear that Masahiro is growing weary of English language Nintendo fans constantly asking for particular characters to be included in Smash, even if this behaviour stems from Nintendo previously asking fans for suggestions. It makes sense that if he's tired of fans tweeting him asking for, say, Waluigi to be included in Smash, Masahiro would want to distance himself from the final selection for characters in the game. But it's worth noting that Nintendo is not a single person, a single homogenous entity. The company is made up of many people who will collaborate on games, and Masahiro, as the director of Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, has the power to influence decisions made by his bosses at the company. They trust him to make wise choices. Also with Joker, for example, Masahiro's personal passion led him to campaign for the character's inclusion, and this influenced Nintendo's decision to give him the green light. Speaking about Joker's inclusion in Smash, Atlas representative Neoto-Hirayoka said, This time, Joker will participate in Super Smash Bros., mainly because of the invitation from Sora Limited's Masahiro Sakurai. That is what led to this collaboration, because Mr Sakurai likes Persona 5 very much, and I personally like Super Smash Bros. a lot. My first thought when I received the invitation was great, I was very happy to establish a relationship for this collaboration. So it does seem like this particular Smash Bros. DLC character was chosen based primarily on Masahiro Sakurai's request, and a collaboration between Nintendo and Atlas. But it's also worth noting the context of this quote. Atlas has been trying, and ultimately failing, to quell rumours that Persona 5 would be ported to Switch, so it was in the company's interest to suggest that Sora Limited, rather than Nintendo, oversaw this collaboration. From another quote from Masahiro Sakurai, this isn't often the way things work. There are cases where I will meet with the original creators myself once or twice, but in general communication is carried out through Nintendo. In addition, it wouldn't necessarily be the original creator I would meet, rather like how I was directly involved with the Kirby series, but don't know about other projects now. So it seems that, by and large, while Masahiro is the figurehead for Smash collaborations, he generally leaves Nintendo to work out the specifics of a deal with a third-party developer. Ultimately, Masahiro's team work with other teams within Nintendo to make these character collaborations happen. It's not a case of one or the other of these entities calling the shots individually. Instead, it's a team project, with everyone working together. Here at Video Game Storytime, we love romantic stories of sole developers striking out on their own and calling all the shots. But in reality, these games are always the result of many different creators working together. While we like to highlight the individual contributions of specific developers, there are many people who work behind the scenes to bring ambitious game projects to life. So, the moral of this story is teamwork. It's what brings DLC fighters to Smash Bros, and it's what will help you to achieve your own goals throughout your life.


Appalachian Wireless has a plan to make your life simpler. It's called forward pay. No contract. No credit check. No problem. Plans start in 1999 a month and include unlimited talk and text or ticket to the max with unlimited data plus for only 89.99 which has 50 gig of high speed data because we are you. We are Appalachian Wireless. The East Kentucky Rising Benefit concert concluded Friday night. The benefit was held to assist struggling families who lost their homes following catastrophic flooding last month. With over five hours of music, people from all over the state called in to offer their hands in support. So a group of friends and I we sat down and decided that something else needs to be done. This flood is going to be much more than cleaning supplies, clothing and hygiene supplies. People are going to need things for months to come. They're going to need drywall. They're going to need sheetrock. They're going to need flooring and sub flooring and that's where that kind of stuff is usually not shipped on semis. So that's where the dream center wants to step up and help. If your eyeglasses washed away in the flood I want to be able to say you know what we'll pay for those for you. So that's where these funds are very important. The community really came together Friday night. We had a lot of great sponsors. We had a lot of great great talented musicians that just came together to see what we do and support what we do. We don't have a final total yet on that event but it's upwards of 20,000 and that was just in sponsorship alone. So we'll get a count on that you know it's just going to stay here in eastern Kentucky. A lot of people say what are you guys going to do with that money? We're already doing with that money. Everybody comes in and says hey I need this. Let us give you a Lowe's gift card to get that. So the impact of this flooding is like I said it's not going to go away tomorrow. It's not going to go away two weeks from now. It's going to be months down the line. And that's where we want to say yes we'd love to help. During the concert the east Kentucky dream center took it upon themselves to help one family following the destruction of their home and the birth of a newborn baby. One of the big things that we did in Friday night's event was we chose a family. We took nominations for a family that we wanted to bless. We found a marine and his wife and two children and they live in the Vergey area. Everything they had was lost. She delivered a baby four days after the flood so everything she got for a shower and from family and friends was washed away. We donated them a thousand dollars. We also had a family step up and privately say I want to donate money for all of their hookup fees and their first month's rent when they find a new place. So that was very special to come from the event and I like to say that was just a highlight of the things that the dream center can do when you put your support with us. In support of those families 10 artists rocked the mountaintop media stage till nearly 11 p.m. Following the concert the east Kentucky dream center hopes to continue helping families with a back to school give away this Tuesday August 16th. Kathy and her team from the pipe will community kitchen. Our team with the east Kentucky dream center last year we we blessed the area with a back to school giveaway in the city park this year things are hectic but we also can't forget about our own we still have those families that were already in need before the flood and now their need is even greater so we teamed up with the city of Pikeville I think Domino's and Walmart there's a few other other partners and we're giving away free school supplies free snow cones free pizza free hot dogs free clothing and then some we've got some grocery bags from the dream center and then free hygiene items that we just want to bless the community with. Everybody is so worried about a neighbor about a friend we want to team together and and make Tuesday evening just an event to say let us make your worries a little less the school supply giveaway will be held at the Pikeville city park at 5 p.m. Tuesday August 16th for donations or other supplies you can drop them off at any east Kentucky dream center location for mountaintop news I'm Joel Horschel.


This is a bit of context, I'm sure everybody knows where is Corsica, but for this presentation it's important to have in mind that it's an island very close to La Linna and Italy, and that geographically it's mostly a montagne area, there is only a few coastal plains and geographically we are in a magmatic island, so the two-thirds of the island are made of magmatic rocks and the other third is made of various of metamorphic rocks and the people who use materials can be found only in the magmatic parts of the island so all these parts and these materials are mostly realites or crots, there is no chute, no obsidian in Corsica, so the rocks that I'm interested in are realites, it's Siliceus volcanic rock, a very fine grain and it can be found in Corsica with quite discreet dyes along the battleite of granite, so this material is interesting because we can find realites on everybody in the native sites in Corsica and the origin of exogenous materials have been studied for a long time in Corsica like chute and obsidian and we know that for a long time now that almost all these materials come from the neighboring Salina but a little know is a little, we know only a little about the local lithic materials and like crots and realites and these materials can provide another type of information on more local and regional scales so previously the characterization of realites in Corsica have been done by petrography and visual identification which can be destructive and is probably not really precise geographically so we tried a new way to characterize those materials which is with geochemistry and basically we are adapting protocols that have been used with obsidian for a long time so we can define a geochemical footprint for each deposit, it's non-destructive because we are using x-ray fluorescence analysis, I will not talk about technical aspect in this presentation but there is an article about it if you're interested in but unlike obsidians realites are very heterogeneous and there is many potential sources which can be a real problem because that's what it looks when I plot all my geological source with their mechanical concentration so it's completely messy as a first look but in fact I will show with a few examples that I can I can find the origin of some artifacts and geological sites so I will start with two sites from early Neolithic that are still under study so it's the first approach and the third site from late Neolithic is completely over so it will be a good idea of what we can really know with this kind of studies so the first site is Renage, Renage is a site in the south of Corsica here and all the realites that have been found in the site are exploited from two local sources and there is only a few pieces that come from the river and what is interesting is that there is a few pieces that come from this region in the north which is today by road something like more than 200 kilometers and so there is a correspondence with with geological pieces that have been found in this region and also with tools that have been found in Apetra which is another early Neolithic site and in Apetra we found we have only studies a part of the late Xavi it's not even a hundred but a series like five thousand realites and on what we have seen there is no cortex river no river cortex there is only realites that have been typically mined on primary sources and what is interesting is that there is no local sources they have been searching for realites in the mountainous area of the Montechinto here and unlike in Renage there is no correspondence with artifacts from this part of Corsica so there is realites that come from the north to the south but there is no realites that come from the south to the north and the site that is completely done now it's Monte Parbat it's a late Neolithic to Middle Bronze settlement in south of Corsica it's a site on a hilltop just over there and there is a nice view on the sea on the first side and the other side view on all the mountains and when we plot all the realites that have been analyzed on this site we can see at first site that there is 16 groups of composition which mean at least 16 different geological sources and we can find some correspondence with the sources that we have on our geological referential so most of these realites come from a local sources which is less than one kilometer away it's the kind of realites and there is also realites that come from Pastini which is a source near the site of Renage and also from north Corsica still the same area of the Monte Chinto so there is some correspondence with Artifact on other sites too because even if we don't have all the geological sources we can build links between sites, archaeological sites, so there is the same sources used in Renage, Icaranchi which is a calcolithic site really near of Monte Babac and sometimes we don't have the actual geological sources but only with the chemical concentration or by looking to the cortex or the kind of things we can have we can still have an idea of the provenance of the artifact so when I put this information on the map I can see that there is a diffusion from the Pastini Pato which is new because we didn't we didn't know that these sources diffuse in Corsica and we can see that all the sources are situated on the west coast of Corsica and there is nothing in the mainland even if we know that there is a lot of potential sources of realites there so I think there is maybe a coastal axis of diffusion that is that going from Sardinia to maybe Italy and the passing between the coast of Corsica because there is of course other materials than realites on the site and there is a lot of of obsidian that come from Monte Archi then some flint from Montefel and Perfogas and after that Pastini from realites the archaeological site the Chinto and Fombo Valley in the northwest from realites and after that we know that obsidian can go to the south of France or even more far away in Spain so in conclusion we can we have we can verify that the the methodology that is is working and is well established it just start with archaeological analysis so I spend a lot of time by building my protocol analytical protocol and I just start the analysis of archaeological data so it's just some new data some first data but we can see that there is a probable problem coastal diffusion and a different land use between north and south because like something more mountainous in the north and more coastal in the south and it's interesting to see that the sources that have been found in the old linearities are still in use in the light magnetic so they probably found most of the sources in the future generations and it's interesting to integrate the study of realites with the study of church and obsidian of course because it's probably the same distribution network we'll have to check about technology too and it can provide a better definition a more local definition of an already well known action system between Goss Vicar, Sardinia and the mainland but of course there is still a lot of work to do a new archaeological site to investigate new lithics theory and there is still a lot of unknown geological sources and the work to do with geological sources is probably something like a decay is a fault before there is everything now so thank you


This is stock number 91150, a 2015 Chevy Tahoe LTZ, this vehicle has a 5.3 liter V8 motor. From this HD video, you'll be able to tell that this SUV is extremely clean all the way around. You didn't see any dents or dings or scuffs or cracks in the front bumper. It does have sonar, has a projector lamp headlamps. The hood is in excellent shape, I didn't see one single dent or ding on that. Got bridge stone, dualer, 285, 45, 22 inch rims, chromed factory rims on the 22s. And then these tires have about, I'd say, a little over half the tread left. Has the chrome trim grille, it's in excellent shape, all the chrome looks really good. LED running lights, passenger side rim, absolutely perfect. This is typically one that would get curb rash, but it's absolutely perfect. And as you go down this side of the vehicle, you can see just how clean the body is, how glass like and reflective the paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle. You can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in it before you even get here. This side of the vehicle, absolutely perfect, no dents, no dings. Back rims are in excellent condition. And the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires. Very clean down this side. That's the shot that you can't get in pictures is just how nice is the body. Does it have any dings? Does it have any dents? That's why we do the videos. We want to make sure that you get the most accurate representation. So that when you get here, you're ready to go because this vehicle is everything that we said it was, and it's as clean as you thought it would be. Full towing package, which includes receiver head jam wiring. We got the backup sensors. This is a power lift gate, so you just press a button and it'll go up like that for you. They are power full down seats. So you just, well that's for the second row, but they go down for this side too, so you can put those seats down flat, nice and easy, and then you can put the rear ones back up. Look how fast that goes. That's pretty amazing. This is the cover for the receiver hitch. Then under here we have a little storage area, and your jack tools are in here. Put this gate back down, you just press this button right here, and down it'll go. You can see it has the backup camera right there. The rear gate's an absolutely perfect condition. Down this side of the Tahoe, just as clean as the passenger side, I did not see one dent or ding on this entire vehicle, so you can be pretty confident that it's going to be just about perfect when you get here.  Both of these seats are heated and cooled. There are no rips or tears in this seat. Has factory floor mats throughout, carpeting's very clean underneath. You get some interesting stuff over here.  So what happens is if you're going outside the lines on the road, it'll actually shake the seat a little bit, letting you know that you need to get back. Power folding mirrors, you can see it's got the little car and the star in it. It's for blind spot monitoring, then it has built-in directional signals. Power windows, power locks, you've got memory, driver's seat, and you've got Bose Sound. Lots of options to go over on this one, but you can see that it has 18,794 miles. You can see instrument cluster is absolutely perfect, very clean, heated steering wheel, forward collision warning, has cruise controls, Bluetooth phone controls, has your factory navigation system. It's also where the backup camera shows up. It is a push-button start, dual-climate control. You've got this little hidden storage area underneath the radio here, so you press that button. It's got a little USB charger, so if you want to throw your phone in there and let it charge up, if you're getting out of the car and don't want anybody to see it, just close that back down, and it's nice and hidden and locked up. Heated AC buttons for your seats, dual-climate control, like I said, and then you're obviously your rear air and air controls right there. It does have the power sunroof. Also have homelink up here, map lights, and then you can open your rear gate from that button right there. On-star as well, passenger seat, very clean as well, no rips, no tears in this seat. Very, very clean, passenger carpeting and floor mat down there. You get two USB jacks, and you can see it does have the keyless entry system with the remote start on it. Take a quick look at the back seats, and then we'll check under the hood. Back seats, very clean as well, no rips or tears on that. Has latch-child safety system. Both of these seats are heated. You have a power outlet back here, and you also have red-white yellow connectors. Looks like an SD slot, and then USB and AUX jack as well. This is your factory Blu-ray DVD player. passenger seat, very clean as well, no rips or tears. And the third row is very clean too. Take a quick look under the hood. This is about as clean as they get on the used front. As far as inside and outside, engine bay is very clean as well. Runs very smooth. This Tahoe has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The vehicle has been gone through mechanically 100%, and it is 100% ready to go. And to see more pictures of this Tahoe, or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, you name it, we got it, go to our website, www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle on our lot. Videos of every single used vehicle that we have, all at summitauto.com. Thank you so much for checking out the video. If you want to make this Tahoe years, give us a call right now,<PHONE_NUMBER>, ask for one of our sales associates to make this one yours today. Once again, that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again. And if you like the video and want to check out more, go to our YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash summitauto, like, subscribe, and share. And in fact, in a second, you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. On the right, a link to more used inventory. Click those, check them out. And if you like everything you see, visit us at summitauto.com. And we look forward to helping you with this super clean 2015 Chevy Tahoe LTZ. Thanks again.


Russia lost nearly 36,000 soldiers in the last six weeks. Russia comprehends only the language of force. In the last six weeks, the enemy has suffered losses of approximately 36,000 soldiers, reports Ukrainian Minister of Defense Rustem Umarov during the opening of the 17th meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group. In his opening remarks, Umarov asserted that despite the absence of a formidable fleet, defense forces have successfully ousted Russian warships from the Black Sea gradually restoring freedom of navigation. Russia definitely does not plan to stop on its own. The only language Moscow can understand is force, and we have mastered this language well, the minister stated. He emphasized that in the six weeks since the last Ramstein format meeting, the enemy has lost nearly 36,000 soldiers. The supplied weapons, Hima's systems, storm shadow, scalp, ATA CMS missiles, Abrams, Challenger and Leopard tanks have changed the situation on the front. Further development of coalition capabilities, particularly in artillery, armored vehicles, aviation and demining will help protect millions of innocent lives. Our people eagerly await the chance to return home, rebuild their homes and reunite with their families, Umarov added.


It's super interesting. My name is Elvila Flensboer and I'm a third year gymnasium student majoring in biotechnology. Hi, my name is Andrea Moreno and I'm an assistant professor at Ojos University. My field of study is neuroscience, specifically the neuroscience of learning and memory. So now we get here part of the day-per-campus. So I suggest to come here today because I really have an interest in science and I really want for myself to take a science education at some point because it's something that really interests me is such a huge field that can go in so many directions. The tissue has been hardened. I really got to take a very close look to how the scientists here do their work in the lab and what kind of research they do and why especially. You get to both see the bigger picture of the project in its entirety and you get to see what it consists of on a smaller basis. It's a cultural projection of society, what happens inside academia. So all the major struggles or problems that women face in society, we face them in academia as well. I think it's very important to showcase the situation so we can improve it and to give more visibility to the field of science or to science work made by women, especially young women that are considering a scientific career but are not sure so that they can have someone to relate to. I think it's very important to have the International Day for Girls and Women in Science because we need more of both men and women in the field and it normalizes that presence of women in the field. I think I could see myself applying for an education in biomedicine. I wouldn't be sure but I definitely consider it because it's something that definitely interests me. I just have to figure out if it's the thing that interests me the most.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards and I am ripping first break of the night tonight We've got 2022 Panini select an absolute baseball hobby eight box mixer number nine random teams Again, here's a look at the random results. You can always find these elite and sports cards calm underneath the results tab And the link is also in chat for you. All right. Here we go. Best of luck everybody. Um, we'll start with absolute Again only one break left um for baseball That has spots left and it is a eight box case break of top sterling That is a random division style in that one And we still have plenty of basketball and football breaks for the nights Jram India First hit of the night. We've got rookie ink to 199 of sebastian revero Royals sebastian revero Got tools of the trade dual patch auto to uh 50 of jaren durin for the red sox Nice rookie auto there Other tools of the trade on hell's zerpa to 99 uh royals to 25 gil hages All worthy otami and a rod Merrifield historical duos out of 99. That is a pretty pretty badly damaged You see on the top there and on the bottom right corner Let's see brooklyn Uh dodgers. Yeah, we'll send a box here with the dodgers on that one Uh yord on to 199 Ruan rookie class crawford So We have a rookie patch to 299 john heasley Royals again tools of the trade um dual patch to 199 dansby swanson braves Dansby swanson Player worn on that one And first booklet up out of 99 a mike bombing for the orioles Mike bombing on the rookie booklet there 25 of 99 All right box two here What's everybody up to today? Anyone eating some tacos for dinner? It's taco tuesday Sean's favorite day of the week Taco tuesday Taco tuesday and only two more weeks left until the national super excited for that Yeah, in my first national we got a lot planned so super super excited Anyone in chat going You have jake meyer out of 999 stroves and your bow guards to 199 red socks What's up randy? You've got tools of the train dual patch auto to 78 of drew waters Braves drew waters Tools of the trade mike bombing on the triple patch auto to 199 Orioles chipotle tuesday. I'm with it and triple patch to 199 carter kaboom washington Definitely with the chipotle tuesday. I eat chipotle like at least twice a week She'll stock in that place. All right Brian Reynolds chance icons to 149 chris bryant Rockies g-carlo stand a 199 yankees by storm braggman Like a choir We've got rookie patch st. Louis of wan yapes carnals And 230 rookie booklet Rockies ryan the late. Oh, look at those patches. Those are nice four color patches on each of those Rockies purple pinched right there Let's see 9 out of 30. Uh-oh courtesan making our entrance into stream All right box three of absolute get everyone only one baseball break left uh this afternoon with spots left And then plenty of room in baseball and basketball football and basketball for tonight Yeah, both 10 box tuesdays for football and basketball still have spots Um some prism uh no huddle football and prism basketball hobbies with spots left some nt and flawless As well still a bunch of really nice breaks open. Uh wander franco to 999 Go race to 149 freddy freeman at dodges What's up, shame? We've got yerman mercedes on the quad at relic auto to 199 white socks Go mercedes Tools of the trade rookie dual patch out of the 75 leith williams Phillies and we have a karson kelly to 199 dual patch d-backs There you go d-backs one second box three and so we've got extreme team the 99 kyle lewis mariner's Tyler magill out of 149 ricky class metz to 99 matt olson for the braves Historical duos paver ruth and mickey mannell. That's a sick one Yankees on that one We've got andrew drone jones absolute hero patch to 199 Andrew jones for the braves Look a little thirsty Out of 99. I've got rookie booklet for the reds. Tony's and tillion A silver ink there.  It's a fun fun rip too, you know Look at some nice prospects That's cheaper price point too, you know What do we got on tonight pirate? Oh, that's thursday pirates at marlin's New baseball on tonight, you know this plane? I'm sure there's probably something The only sport really on right now All right, last box of absolutes France thomas. We've got another wonder franco rookie to 999 you go breaks blue to 149 my trouts electric trout We've got dylan carlson.  I believe nice And we've got mike vomman on the triple patch auto orials Mike vomman And a abraham toro to 99 on the dual patch. Nice, uh, two colored patches there at the big orange stripe on him mariners He redeemed hydrate I don't know what that means that is that like an emote or something We've got to 99 mike trout extreme team. It's a good sign with trouts coming out early tonight to 149 erinola On soto by storm Tools of the trade dustin may on the dual patch dodgers Dustin may and to 99 again for the reds a tony scintillian booklet Two color patch two sorry two solid patches there reds 65 of 99 All right time for some selects nice 25,000 That's how you know you're a big supporter nick, huh? 25,000 that's awesome Here we go. Let's see a color wheel. I think sam's still the only one that's pulled one so far out of 199 We've got rpa astros jake miers And moonshots hosea brave Showtime matte fresh rookie. We've got red erin judge to 199 yankies Let's go try color kyle schwerber red socks seeing cofax on the phenomenons Sheets we've got a wander franco rookie on the premiere level there. We've got a zebra up next. We've pulled in the back silver kukuchi Let's see. Come on. Let's see a rookie It is a rookie Joan adone for the nationals Carl h with the gnats on the uh I believe that's diamond level zebra too. It is very nice diamond level zebra rookie Joanne adone Thanks for the follow girl gaming Wheeler we've got light blue to 149 jonathan india for the reds All these different colors and the prism coming out. I'm like wait a second We've got out of 99, uh, tricolor jumbo rookie patch joe ryan for the twins And phenomenons. Nolan aeronado Got tricolor andrew uh ben intendee Royals and brandon lau on the numbers We've got rockies the 250 silver rookie patch ryan the late Pinched right there and brujan on the select stars silver No, we've got silver diamond level jazz chism marlins Zika, we've got whites of 50 rookie of conor siebel for the red socks Love the whites A little bit of damage there on this base card on the corey seager We've got silver brandon lau raise Last patch box one Got two 99 astros tricolor rookie auto jose siri Go astros with uh, both rpa's out of this box Those strokes Edgar b with the strokes And in fuego hobby bias Got some new shoes nice nick. What kind bud? Some new basketball shoes When I played in throughout college always had the new like lebron, um Like pink breast cancer ones those are my favorite to wear I love those new far rookie out of two 99 blue jays patch auto of race moguire Blue james sparks of akunya junior davion michael His own shoe red rookie to 199 shame boss race No, I don't play d1 I played uh out in Nebraska We've got silver he's who sanchez marlins At that point I had Four knee surgeries at that point three acl So I just wanted to play We've got wander franco on the rookie jumbo patch raise. You know frank Nice franco patch Oh da's about to say davion. He has his own shoes as a rookie and fuego de chrome Nice and donovan Mitchell shoes That's cool I got tricolor of justin verlander astros. No one ryan numbers My senior year. I customized a pair of cobbies. Those were sick. I still have those ones Yeah, so when I do ever go play those, that's what I wear So so we've got lime green of uh, tyler molly to 99 on the lime green Get everyone plenty of room for personals. No one in queue currently So whenever an order comes through you'll be uh first in lineup tonight after group breaks silver rpa for the royals on howzerpa Anthony rezzo select stars the box Keep your boxes. All right. What do we have here? He's got gold cow ripkin for the orioles on the premier level four of ten there you go baltimore That's a beautiful looking card Orioles is jason t Nice gold Cal rip or die. It's cal ripkin not jr. Mr. Ripkin Says remember when they doubted you. Oh, I like that. That's cool We've got tyrone taylor tricolor moon shots babe roof Royals rookie jumbo patch john hesley moon shot silver hosea bray you And silver ryan mount castle last pack box too Silver rookie of brandon marsh angels Nice We've got two boxes left here Again plenty of room left to everybody for group breaks tonight Just one baseball break with spots open and that is a case break eight boxes random divisions of 2021 tops sterling beautiful beautiful product there Again only three spots were left when we went live got red to 199 akunya jr And we've got plenty of spots for both the basketball and football silver ajalexie rangers Including both 10 box tuesdays of basketball and football with spots open Got red socks ricky jumbo patch jaren durin J ram on the phenomenons Oh, that's the baseball. It's like what the heck is on that card right there. That's the baseball on this I've got tricolor colton wong bruce pretty freeman numbers Got light blue jared walch for the angels out of 35 on the light on the Light blue there 24 of 35 Nice All right, let's see a big hit here silver erin savalli silver josh bell on the diamond level next We've got to 75 tricolor rpa hans kraus fillies Bruhan numbers patch here Got to 99 brew crew tricolor at rpa erin ashby Bruce moon shots erin judge Play blue jared walsh for the angels to 199 probably fingers lucas geolito Um on the tricolor there white sauce and en fuego mukibets last pack box three So 250 kurtis terry silver rookie patch rangers and iven rodriguez on the silver select stars All right last box of the break and we will do a recap here. All right, come on color wheel out of the last box. Can we do it? Let's see Got to 99 wania pes on the silver rpa cardinals Moon shots kill brew Got red to 199 tyler molly tricolor leon hendrix white socks and en fuego bladdy jr Pops chrome. Yeah, and red should be nice some uh, sweet Wonders we have another zebra all two zebras and four boxes michael brantley silver What's going on? Let's see. Good luck We have a edmund sosa carnals Russell be with the carnals doing very well. Okay. Yeah, we'll take two zebras out of four boxes to select Nice on the concourse. I'm sorry. Did I say premier? I may have concourse level on that one Got to 99 rangers tricolor rpa kurtis terry By jumbo case. Wow zander boogarts. I'll be a fun rip.  I'd like something to just uh stash Got mariners matt brash on the rookie jumbo patch mariners and fuego matt olson He'd rip it. Yeah We've got tricolor jorda montgomery and sparks price harper So look up comps on ebay bud. I'm sorry you can find a lot of your prices ebay or 130 point.com Your men mercedes on the tricolor patch there white socks And fuego silver jacob de groin Yeah, I'm not sure if the the damage card would be worth too much. Unfortunately silver diamond level trey mancini orials cracked ice coming up of auto lopez on the rookie for toronto to 25 There you go 14 to 25 on that one blue jays Got um light blue to 1 49 christian yellets spurs and last pack here Gotcha. Yeah, that might take a while to get your your thing approved. Unfortunately silver andy ibanez Rangers it usually takes takes quite a bit, but I feel like they've been a little bit faster than usual All right, we're going to do recap now.  We got another one coming right up


meaning for the licensing hearings and Public Safety Committee to order. Going to start with roll call. Alderperson Barb Feldy is excused. Alderperson Betty Ackley, I am here. Alderperson Dean Decker. Here. Alderperson Joe Heidemann. Here. And Alderperson Amanda Salazar. Here. If everyone could please join me for the Pledge of Allegiance. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. I think all of us know each other, so if there's no objection, I would like to skip number four, which is the Introduction of Community Members, staff, and guests, and move on to Approval of the Minutes from the August 24th, 2022 meeting. Do we have any questions? I shall move to approve the minutes from August 24th. We have a second. Second. We have a motion and a second. All those who are in favor of approval of the minutes to signify by stating aye. Aye. Opposed? Same signal. And a chair votes aye. The minutes are approved. Item number six is Resolution Number<PHONE_NUMBER>22, a Resolution Authorizing Application for the NAMI Wisconsin CIT and CIP Expansion Grant. So NAMI is a state organization that supports CIT and mental health awareness, particularly through police agencies and other service providers throughout the state. They have a grant program available for to fund a majority of the expenses for a CIT that's Crisis Intervention Team Training program that we're embarking on. We've been providing this training for the last eight years and we're scheduled to have another cycle of it starting in October. So the grant funding is requested to supplant the cost of the training program. And I have any questions? Questions, just comment that this is a great thing. I think anything we can do to help our officers with training for mental health issues. Because there's such a fort out in the community that the cheapest set in the past, that's a majority of calls are mental health issues. So we've made a very aggressive effort to have all of our officers trained in CIT and ICAP principles. So what percentage of the department participate in this? In this one session? Yeah. So our goal is 100% participation. In this one session, we'll have 14 of our officers and I believe seven from neighboring jurisdictions. Any other comments, questions? I make a motion to authorize. Second. I'll make a motion and a second on the floor. So all those who are in favor, please signify by stating aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. That resolution is approved. Item number seven is resolution number 59, 22, 23, 9, 6, 22. A resolution authorizing the appropriate city officials to enter into a contract with Metals Treatment Technologies LLC, MT2 for lead remediation from the outdoor police shooting range located at the wastewater treatment facility. So for your information, the range was built. We're not exactly sure when it was built. We believe it was built in the late 50s or early 60s and the lead has never been remedied out of the firm. We began looking at this several years ago when the EAP came out with a guideline for managing outdoor ranges. And so removal of the existing lead is one of the first basic steps that we can take to cleaning the soil in the dirt and impact area. We were approved through the capital budget to go ahead with the remediation. The purchasing agent sent out bids and this company, MT2 is one of the companies that we identified that is a national company that specializes in range remediation. And so their bid was the lowest bid and we believe that they can adequately accomplish the remediation that we're looking for. Any other comments, questions?  Yeah, it's not quite that simple, but it's not much more than that. It's just much larger equipment. So they come in and the first thing they do is control any outflows. Once they start digging, they have to make sure that they don't uncover things that then leach out into the surrounding areas. Then they'll take back holes and they'll dig at a minimum of two feet of dirt off the face of the range. They'll bring in a separating machine and put it all into a separator and take out all the lead. The dirt will go back onto the range where obviously gonna have to order additional dirt to rebuild the face of the range. Also within the project, we've managed for landscaping. After they're done, the range will be dirt and we have to plant vegetation back on it to keep it from running off. And then somebody from the EPA or whoever comes back and makes sure that we've had this done? No, we're not managed by the EPA. We haven't been inspected or incurred any sanctions. We're trying to stay in front of any type of punitive remediation. We're taking it on ourselves to stay in front of any leaching that might occur. I don't know if I'm imagining there's quite a significant amount of lead if it's been since the late 50s. I'm curious to hear what these... So we have several companies come in and this company does it a little bit differently than the other ones. They'll put a value on the lead that comes out of the range and then buy it from us at half of what its reclaimed value is. Sure. And then they get the other half. But it's hard for them to estimate how much lead is actually in there. It could pay for half the project and it might just be a thousand or $2,000. It's really hard to say because lead will break down. And that's the leaching process. Okay, that's a problem. They said typically what they see is in the center of the range where everybody shoots, there's one great big ball of lead and then it disperses on down the ranges moving to areas that don't get fired on as much. Yeah, it's not a situation where we have to have it all dug up. The layer of rubber or something so that can't go down any farther? No, very few of the outdoor ranges have anything like that. The only thing that we're considering for the future is a drainage tile system in front of the range. So as water runs down the base of the range, it goes into the tile system and then we'll get directed into a sewer rather than the groundwater. But right now we don't have, we haven't been able to get, find any evidence that there's any lead, we could get all. So. That's great. Do we have any other questions? I would like to entertain a motion to approve. Motion to approve. I get a motion to ask another question. So for all those who are in favor of approving this resolution, please signify by stating aye. Aye. Those. Chair votes aye. That resolution is approved. Item number eight is resolution number<PHONE_NUMBER>2. A resolution authorizing the purchasing agent to issue a purchase order for the purchase of four police squads or utility vehicles and one large capacity van for the Chevrolet and police department. So this is the annual purchase of squad cars. We have a certain number of squad cars that we purchase through the capital plan every year. This year we're looking at four of the patrol cars, those are the sport utilities. And then we have a 20 year old Dodge Ram van that we've been using for a paddy wagon for 20 years that we're replacing with the Ford E350 van. All of these have been approved through the capital budget. We're approving them now for purchase because we can place the orders now to be, so they won't be delivered until next year. But the sooner we get the orders in, the sooner in 2023 we will be able to actually purchase them. You have an answer question. And you do this through the state where they do the market study or whatever and get us the best pricing we possibly can. Yeah, well, we buy them on the state contract. Yeah. Any other questions, comments? I'm looking for a motion to approve. Motion to approve. Motion on the floor. Second. Okay, we have a motion and a second. So for all of those who are in favor of approving this resolution, please take a vote by stating aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. That resolution is approved. Item number nine is RO number 61229622 by city clerk submitting various license applications. Recommending all the applications on the RO be granted. So I have to go back to your grant. They've got staff recommendations. Motion to grant from staff recommendations. Second. Okay, so we have a motion and a second on the floor. All those who are in favor of approval be signified by stating aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. That RO is approved. Item number 10 is our next meeting date. Our next meeting date will be September 28, 2022. We're looking for a motion to adjourn. Motion to adjourn. Second? Second. All those in favor of adjourn, please signify by stating aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. We are adjourned. Thank you. Thank you.


Dear future Jason, please watch this really quick and formative video if you ever smack your head so hard Do you completely forget how to shoot 35 millimeter film? Glad I made the video Today's episode is sponsored by Squarespace Don't worry. You're not accidentally on drugs. That's just how this film stock is supposed to look. Yep I'm talking about Lomo turquoise, lemographies next foray into film stocks that make it look like you just butt chug Silcymon. Turquoise has actually been around in the past But it was discontinued by Lomography way before Fuji made discontinuing film cool back in 2018 I had a chance to shoot some turquoise in 120 and I definitely wasn't a fan I found it to be too weird and detached from reality But then again, I didn't know what the f*** I was talking about in 2018 last year in 2021 when Lomography announced the reunion tour for Lomo turquoise a lot of people were in one of two camps camp That's awesome.  At first I definitely belonged to that second camp but when Lomography reached out and sent a roll my way I decided to sack up and give it another shot. After all I've changed a lot since 2018 Not only do I get hangovers even if I don't drink but I also shoot Lomo purple pretty consistently So maybe this turquoise thing has some legs Anyway, my forbidden temptation Caleb and I headed out to Malibu and after struggling to load the m6 In front of a crowd of laughing onlookers for what felt like two hours We finally got around to shooting some beautiful architecture and saturated colors Turns out the saturated colors thing is kind of useless. This film stock turns literally every color into either turquoise or orange It's kind of like a Hollywood movie colorist in that way But yeah, I'd say that that's the iconic characteristic of this film stock. It turns deep blue skies orange Furthermore, as you can see from this bad photo, I turned the yellow flowers here turquoise. So yeah turquoise and orange That's it. That's all you get. You can either make peace with that now or grow old and yell at the neighborhood kids about it From your front porch the choice is yours I guess the upside to all this is that you don't really need to wait for that rich gorgeous sunset light because turquoise will probably mute it overall Anyway, here's what it does to skin tones. It pretty much decimates them Caleb looks like a cold emotionless and apathetic robot, which is definitely my brand So to my understanding the roll that I received is sort of a pre-production test roll And it came in a lomo purple cartridge. So I don't know if it's going to have DX coding or even what the final label is going to look like on the label for the roll that I got It was listed as 400 iso. So I guess if nothing else you can expect that from this stock I don't know if lomo is going to do that thing where they don't give you a dx code and then say you can shoot it Anywhere from 100 to 400 iso. I mean, that's great. But there's probably an iso it performs best at right? It's kind of like buying a new car and the driver's manual says you can use any gas to run this engine From 93 octane all the way down to literally just farting directly into the tank An early production roll basically means take all of my photos in this video with a grain of c41 Between when this roll was made and now lomo could have made some changes to the secret formula This may or may not be the final version of the lomo turquoise that we're gonna get They might still be tweaking the chemistry. I don't know. I wish I knew more to tell you all but um It's not like mr. Lomography and I hang out on the weekends and do whatever it is kids do nowadays like netflix and chill or whatever I can imagine that lomo will have the same output for this stock as they do for lomo purple Which means we'll probably see it in 35 120 and 110 If it were to ever come to large format 8 by 10, I think I'd get lomography's logo tattooed on my ass permanently out of pure excitement Don't worry. It's just a photo of the inside of my elbow When I saw these photos for the first time, I was immediately reminded of led zeppelin's album Houses of the Holy which features altered colors and a vibrant orange sky No, it wasn't shot on lomo turquoise, but with that album in mind I started to see my photos a little bit differently somehow Maybe it's that I started imagining all these photos as album covers, which I definitely feel like as lomo turquoise is true calling Wait the roll that I received is only 24 frames long. So that's all you get for now I guess the only remaining question is is this film stock downright nasty or not downright nasty? I think it's for sure nasty as hell. It's very grainy and it definitely pops really nicely in well It seems like this one. It's definitely a look only a mother could love But hey, that's what they used to say about me when I was a baby and I turned out Adequate I think the big takeaway from all this is that we're incredibly lucky that there is a company out there Putting in the work and creating the infrastructure to make tasty new film stocks In a world where new film stock is the stuff of urban legends like bigfoot the chupacabra and eating steamed vegetables without gagging All we as film photographers should want is more options more film stocks to have a hard time Deliberating over when we head out to take photos. Well that and total analog supremacy over digital, but one thing at a time However, before I wrap up this video I'd like to thank today's sponsor Squarespace If you're a photographer looking for work or to get your photos out there and seen by the masses chances are You'll need a portfolio. How else is everyone going to have access to your beautiful photos? If not through the internet with your own personal website building a custom website is incredibly easy with Squarespace You can start building from one of Squarespace's hundreds of template options that have been professionally designed and tailored for whatever direction You might take them if you run into a snag Squarespace even offers 24 7 award-winning customer support as well as an online forum to get Specific answers to your questions or ask for design feedback I've been using Squarespace to host my photography portfolio for a couple years now And I can easily say it's been an absolute breeze to not only update but change the layout should I feel the need for something new So what are you waiting for if you're ready to build a website? You can start a free trial today at squarespace.com slash grainy days And if you use the code grainy days at checkout you can get 10 off your first purchase So what do you think are you excited that lomo is bringing turquoise back or is this film stock just to Tripping absolute ball sack on acid for you. I'm happy to say I get the look now It's a look that I wasn't evolved enough in 2018 to understand completely But now I harbor a greater appreciation for it, which might be in part thanks to led zeppelin. It's artsy and it's abstract While perhaps it's not the first film stock. I'm gonna think of to shoot most scenes with I do hope to revisit it soon I say hope because it's projected to come out in september of this year And the pre-order for it is already long sold out that and I don't like to make promises that I can't keep because Who knows volcanoes are still an omnipresent threat. You can't run from them not even in your nightmares


Disassembling the cab is not a particularly difficult thing. There's just some little tricks on getting the parts out that will help you make this job a little bit easier. Now this particular cab has had DCC installed in it previously, so there were wires installed here coming up to the rear light. So I've added just some, dummied up some copper tabs in here, so you get a little idea of what it would look like as it comes from Kato originally. Now the first step is removing the floor, which is held in here with just this little pin on each side of the floor.  The side windows are the key to this whole snap together assembly. It's really very ingeniously designed. Now to get the front and rear windows and the side windows out, the key is the fact that the side windows slide down into their frame, just a little pressure on the bottom of the tab that you used to take this out of the shell, and they pop out of the frame, and then you can remove the whole assembly intact. Then you can just reach in here and pull the rear window out, being careful not to grab the actual window surface, and the front window comes out just as well. A rear light housing came out by itself. If it didn't, you can just reach in here with a pair of needle nose and pull it out. At least it doesn't have a board in it or anything else, and just those little dummy copper strips. That gives you an idea of what it looks like and how to take it out.