Thank you very much. OK, so good afternoon. So this is joint work with Kyle Emerick, who was a former student and is now starting as assistant professor at Tufts, Allah, and Mansour Da, who is at the International Rise Research Institute in New Delhi. So let me start by saying we all know that risk is important in agriculture. And risk has some very high costs on the farmers. This is something that we have been concerned for a long time. But here I want to look at something in more detail. Then there is, in a way, two mechanisms through which risk of extreme weather events, so we're going to concentrate on extreme weather events, affect farmers. One type of cost are the direct costs, who damages to crops, homes, livestock. So this is the immediate cost after the storm of everything you have lost. The second type of mechanism that negatively affects the farmers is all what they have to do, the self-insurance action that they have to take, conservative decision they have to make to reduce their exposure to risk. And this often at the expense of lower profitability. So choice of crops, which are less sensitive to weather shock, crops of variety, level of input use, not undertaking expensive input use when you may lose them, and some of management techniques. So our question here is to focus on the second mechanism. And the way we're going to do that is to infer the negative cost of risk. We're going to do something on the positive side. We're going to see what sort of the positive consequences of alleviating the risk. And so this is how we're going to infer negatively what would be normally, what was the cost of risk. So the question that we are asking is can a new technology that make agricultural output less susceptible to weather extreme carding investment that farmers did not undertake before because they were too risky? Now if this is the case, and it's going to be the case, I will show you, it means that the technologies that sort of reduce risk for the farmer for the bad years also are going to boost agricultural output in the normal years. And I think this is sort of a new insight into the way to address risk, which is quite interesting. The approach that we take in this paper is pretty straightforward. It's a two-year field experiment that we conducted in 128 villages in Odisha, in India. We allocate the first year, we allocated five kilogram of flood-tolerant rice seeds, which is called swanah sub one, and come back to it in a minute, to a random subset of farmers, very standard randomized control trial, five farmers randomly selected in each of 64 villages, half of the villages randomly selected as well. The first year that was in 2011, the summer of 2011, there was very large floods that occurred in many villages during the first year. This is really bad for the farmers, terrible for them. But in a way, good luck for us. Because then, right the first year, we could verify the agronomic properties of that seeds that we had given to the farmers, and verify in the farmers' field and cultivated by them with no help and no support from any one of us, and as opposed to being an experimental station done by Erie before. Second year, 2012, this was a normal year with normal rainfall, so good luck for the farmers this time, finally, but good luck for us as well. Because then, we are going to see all the changes in behavior that they undertook because they knew of the seed, and we are going to see large changes in investment, but also we're going to see, I'm going to show you that, changes in savings and credit use, and we're going to see a large aggregate effect on yield and on production. Remember, immediately the second year, this is extremely fast. Now, because there was no flood, we know that all the results that we find, the aggregate effect on production is solely due to the behavioral change. So we can really separate how much can be due to the agronomic property of the seed. This is the first year. How much is due to the farmer's behavior respond the second year, and we can compare the order of magnitude. So let me show you very briefly the result of the first year. So swanna sub one, this is the new seed, the flood tolerant rice variety. It's similar to swanna. It's actually exactly the swanna, which is a common variety used throughout eastern India, in which the scientists have introduced just one specific gene that make it flood tolerant. And it's very, it's particularly flood tolerant for the period which is five to 14 days of flood. You see this on the graph on the horizontal axis, you have the number of days of flood.  And then we had fields in any one of these area, but you see more, a lot of field at 10 to 12 days of flood. And what's represented on the vertical axis is the difference between percentage term, between the yield in the different field, according to the number of days they were flooded. Two things very important to see on this graph. First, at the lower end, when there is no zero to five days of flooding, there is no difference. So there is no trade-off. That swanna sub one is no worse in good year than the swanna. And then we see the great value is really between five and 14 days. Beyond 15 days, we had actually had almost no experiment, but we know that it's not doing too well anywhere. It turns out, so what this technology does, and I'll come back on that, is that it's going to cut on the bad years to raise the yield. So cut the losses on the bad years with no negative effect on the good years. So that means that it both increases the expected value, the expected return of whatever you do, the expected yield, and reduce the variance of yield. So we're going to have to be careful to distinguish those two. It also turns out, but that's just because this is the way India is, it also turns out that this is poor poor. Why is it poor poor? Well, who do you think is cultivating the most marginal land and the most which are more prone to flood? Well, the lower cast, for a number of reasons, historical marginalization. And therefore, it turns out that in fact, the lower cast are going to benefit even more because from this protection from flood. How does sub one works? Just a little bit of minimum of agronomy. Now, most of the rice seeds, when flooding comes, they elongate to try to keep their head above the water and keep that. And then after when the water recede, they just fall and have lost all their energy, which has been used to grow up. What sub one does is just hold his breast, stay underneath, stay put, wait until the water recede, and then has all this energy and start to grow up. And that's why it's called actually the scuba, scuba rice in India. And you see here the fields after the flooding, still a bit underflowing. The theoretical framework we have in mind is very standard. It's a standard multi-period household model where production is risky. There's very simple in the model, flood or no flood. And the flood happened after the input choice. That's very important. It comes late in the season after you have decided. We have planted and put the fertilizer, or most of the fertilizer. The return in the model, the return to inputs, is lower on the flood conditions. So this is the. And the modern technology increases the return to inputs on the flood, but has no difference on the normal conditions to respond to what we saw the first year. So it's a protection on the downward risk with no penalty on the good circumstances. The prediction of the model, there's two sort of prediction. One is sort of the productivity effect, the fact that technology increases the expected return to inputs, then you should increase your inputs and your investment in any way. Even if it was not a risk issue. And then there's the insurance effect, which is the fact that the technology reduces losses in bad states. And therefore, it reduced the risk. And it allows for you to reduce the risk mitigation behavior and the precautionary savings. And we should see that increasing with risk aversion. In term of econometric specifications, so we're going to have a, because it's one of my control trial, a very simple specification, where it's going to be either at the farm or the plot level, depends on the question we're asking. Essentially, why on the left hand side is some of the outcomes that we are interested in and we'll look at that in a minute. As a function directly, a linear function, of whether the treatment variable is whether the farmer had received, so it's randomized control trial again, so that's orthogonal to anything else, whether the farmer had received those seeds the first year and then a block fixed effect and some control variable as well. We had some farmers who disadopted for different reasons. Their seed bed was flooded or they ate their seeds or they mixed them with the others, different reasons. And some we figured out to get those seeds from some of their friends. But of course, this is endogenous, so we are going to everywhere use the intention to treat effect. I mean, what we call the treatment is having received seeds, whatever you did with it. And if you haven't received it and you managed to have it, you're still counted in the control group. This is pretty standard. The outcome of the interest that we will be looking at, so the why that I had in the previous slides, are a number of inputs and management practices, rice area, fertilizer use, especially we're going to contrast the fertilizer of the earliest fertilizer that you put at the beginning of the season as opposed to the one that you put later in the season, use of traditional varieties as a way to protect against risk and planting method than yield, which I mentioned before, credit and precautionary savings. So let me go through a number of tables here. You can just listen to me or look at those numbers, whichever. So the treatment variable is the one which is written original mini-kit recipient, which you have there. And here what we see is that all these are three different ways to show that flood tolerance increases the area cultivated. We see the number of plots increasing by almost 0.7 on a mean value of 3.6, so this is a large increase. The worst area of 0.10 hectares on an average value of one and or in log of 9% increase. So a 9, 10% increase in the log areas coming through increasing in number of plots. We keep that here. I don't have the detail here, but those plots that were brought into cultivation were the more flood prone and marginal plots. Now look at the impact on the use of fertilizer. So here there's three types of fertilizer. I don't know very much what they are, but maybe some of you do. One which is called DAP is put very early on just after the transplanting. The one that MOP is put later on in the field in the middle of the season and the latest one, the urea is put just at very late. And in a sense, those who are more subject to be more at risk of being lost are the earliest one because you have to put them before do you know whether you have flooding or not as you only put the urea if your field has not be destroyed. And we see here, again, the parameter which is on the original many case perceptions, a very strong increase in fertilizer, the early fertilizer by 18 kilogram on the mean value of 80 kilograms. So this is really a large increase. A little bit of some increase in the one in MOP which is put in the middle of the period and no change in urea which is the latest that you've put in. So this is some indication of an increase in fertilizer but very specifically the fertilizer which is used early. Then there is some traditional varieties which are not the modern variety which have much lower yield, whatever the condition but have one particular advantage is that there is less risk of complete failure especially beyond 10, 12 days of flooding. And then the third input that we want to look at is the different way to seeds the field. There's a very labor intensive method which is a transplanting which we actually, if you go a tiny bit outside of Hanoi you're going to see this extensively nowadays which is the transplanting one plant at the time. And there is a low, much less labor intensive way which is simply to broadcasting those sending the seeds but has much lower yield output after that. Okay, so let's look at those three inputs that we look at. So again, the original mini-kit recipients those are the one that receive five kilogram of the sub one seeds the first year and we see that while they use less one that's sort of what we would expect because we just gave them a replacement seed which was no worse but they also use less of the traditional variety by 4% of them on an average of 28% of the farmers do use some amount of traditional variety, number of observations. So this is the other plot level, 4% of the plot when 20% of the plot. And then in term of broadcast again a very large decrease in the use of broadcasting therefore using transplanting instead and a decrease you see the last column of the number of plot which is not which are not cultivated as well which is what I mentioned the first. Overall when you aggregate all these sort of more intensive input use we see a shift on the average productivity of the yield, therefore average yield in kilogram per hectare of 283 kilograms or about 10%. Okay, let's keep this number in mind. I think we want to, if you compare that we're going to compare that to what we had. It's comparable to what we were obtaining just from the agronomic result on the first, the year where there was flooding. So this year there was no flooding. All this average productivity increase is solely due to the input or to the behavior of the farmers, 10% increase in yield. Two more results here, one on credit so we see a large increase in credit. Now we don't know whether this is higher demand from credit which could be but it's also be higher supply that actually the bank actually will give credit to those who have those seeds because it's less risky. What interesting here in this when you contrast column two and three is the credit which is given early in the season which increases by 5.4% on a mean value which is pretty small which is only 14% of the farmer received credit. Finally something which is very interesting is we see less savings of seeds, of less saving of grains as we call them, less saving of grains for the next year. Now they had a higher production so you would expect that they could sell more. When inside you would, they had a higher production so in many way you would expect that they could save more of that if they wanted to, if they were short or you could say that they would expect to have more the next year but the fact that we see that there is less saving of grains at any level of production suggests that it is really due, it is really a response to the risk of not having enough for the next year. Now so let me summarize all these results. So the conclusion here is that we see the results suggest that there is the risk strongly influence the decision on the inputs. So this is on the second year. An input 10% increase in rice area, 11% in fertilizer use, especially at the beginning of the season, 15% less reliance on the traditional variety, 33% less use of broadcast planting and this aggregate to an approximate 10% increase in yield, 5% less savings of output for future consumption and 36% increase in graduate use. This is just one year after the introduction of the seed. Now the main explanation that we've given is that the reduction is due to the reduction in risk but of course we could have other explanation which are possible and the one that I mentioned in the beginning, maybe it's solely due to the aggregate expected return that we have and because the fact that we have that it's protected and downward risk without penalty in good years mean that it increased the expected return and reduced the risk at the same time. Now both of these effects could be responsible for much of the result that I have. So to distinguish them we have to look in more detail and I think I mentioned them as I presented the result. One of the indicators that is due to risk rather than expected return is the increase in fertilizer is concentrated on the early fertilizer and not the late fertilizer. Now those are complementary, those fertilizer, so you would not increase one without the other if it was solely due to the expected return. We saw also the land brought into production is the low quality land and the land which is more prone to flood and we see the result, I didn't show them to you, the result are generally larger for most risk-averse farmers and the share of production which is saved is lower at any level of production even among those we have relatively low level of production. So it has that. There's two other potential explanation, the wealth effect, could it be due to the fact that we gave to some people some seeds, some new seeds at the beginning? No, I won't, and so they are wealthier and therefore they can afford more input. We look into a fair amount of detail in this, to this but it's unlikely, first we give them very little on a five kilogram of seeds and then even if we condition on the harvest that they had the first year because they had much better harvest, we have no change of result. Could it be to the output prices? You would expect that this miracle seed would be much higher price. It turns out that it's not really much higher price, only 4.6% higher price and there's very few farmers, well, not very few, there's only 40% of the farmer who sold any output at all and the results are focused on only considering the farmers that did not sell anything so it cannot be coming from the price. So let me conclude, and this is my last slide. So we see a very large reduction. No, we see that when we have last risk reduction from these weather, flood resistant and technology and we see that it helps cope with shocks in bad years, this is the reality and it helped reduce risk management and self-insurance in normal years. In a sense, we knew that before, right? I think we've learned that models tells us that, we've learned that in all our textbooks that risk is really bad, not only because you need to have instruments of risk coping afterwards to manage it, but then it pushed you to do risk management. We knew that and we probably did not need in our city to do it. What really we learned, at least for us, at that is the order of magnitude and I think we completely, at least us, in our team, we completely underestimated the order of magnitude. So let's look at those two numbers together. The average gain in normal years from risk management was 283 kilograms in the scope of 2,000 and some farmers. And that's about equal to the average avoided loss in bad years from shock coping, which is 250 kilograms. And this was a really bad years when we don't have time series, but that was a really bad flood years. So the order of magnitude of what we gain in the good years is as large as the size of what you, the avoided loss in bad years. Now, how many good years, how many bad years we have? Well, we don't have a very good time series on that, but actually we have a bit more than that. I think we have had two of these bad years in the last seven years in this area. So we definitely have more normal years than we have bad years. That's mean that the behavioral spillover effects exceed the gains from the shock coping, the agronomic intended purpose effects from the scientists in expected value. Of course, it's not the same years. So of course, for Erie or counterparts who were really developing that seeds for those bad years, this is very good news. I think it's very good news for all of us to see how reducing risk has very strong positive impact, even for the good years and overall for the production of rice. Thank you.


Welcome to part nine of our reading of the book of jubilee. Can you believe we are on part nine? As I said on David's show last Tuesday, this book of jubilees has turned into an epic and I am Enjoying every minute of it. I hope that you are too. As I said on David's show The stuff that we're getting into all these stories are really like our soap operas And I think it would be so cool in the future if there is a film student out there that would make a miniseries or a movie Just on the book of jubilees Now if this is your first time joining us on this channel Then I would highly recommend going back and listening to parts one through eight first of The book of jubilees before jumping in at part nine. It were kind of halfway through the book of jubilees So even though it is a lot like the book of genesis from the Bible There are some things that are different so I would highly suggest going back and listening from the very beginning In the description box below I'm also adding the playlist from the dark outpost where you'll find all the other Books that we've gone through as far as the missing and banned books of the Bible once again if you would like to be more of a participant in this discussion and hear more of a thorough discussion on These banned books of the Bible then please join us on the dark outpost on Tuesdays at 1 o'clock where we go into it live Now if you're not able to join live You can also get the recap of the episode on the dark outpost with David and me after the show has aired on David's platform But as always if you are unable to join us on the dark outpost and this is why I do the recap on Wednesdays now as always I want to give a very very very special Thank you to all of our producers here at esoteric Atlanta as well as our patrons Without you guys our work would not be possible your funding Allows us the flexibility to be able to do deeper dives into these subjects that we get to talk about and present to you on this channel So thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much for all you do. So today. We're starting with chapter 30 And this is Dina ravished slaughter of the Shechemites laws against intermarriage between Israel and the heathens and the choice of Levi Now this is told in the book of Genesis in chapter 34 But as always there are more details into the story of Dina in the book of Jubilees Then there were in the canonized Bible in the book of Genesis the big difference We're going to see here is Dina's age now We know throughout this book there has been a lot of talk of incest with the Canaanites and especially with Sodom from Sodom and Gomorrah as well as the law against eating Blood these have been the two big topics that have really stood out to me Two topics that I probably would not have understood ten years ago before the Great Awakening started But now it's pretty obvious what this is referring to and it makes you wonder if maybe Genesis was in fact Really edited we know it was we know that the Bible was edited during the Council of Nicaea by Constantine but if they actually took out Dina's age From the book of Genesis in order to kind of gloss over this story that we're going to get into with Dina now again Dina is Jacob's daughter Jacob has or it's on the way to having the 12 tribes of Israel the 12 sons, but she is his Daughter so here we go. We're starting with chapter 30 and In the first year of the sixth week he went up to Salem to the east of Shechem in peace in the fourth month and There they carried off Dina the daughter of Jacob into the house of Shechem the son of Hamour the Hivite The prince of the land and he lay with her and defiled her and she was a little girl a child of 12 years old Okay, that's what was left out of Genesis that she was a little girl that she was only 12 years old when this happened to her and He besought his father and her brothers and she might be given to him to wife and Jacob and his sons were Roth Because of the men of Shechem for they had defiled Dina their sister and they spake to them with evil intent and dealt deceitfully with them and beguiled them and Simone and Levi came Unexpectedly to Shechem and exalted judgment on all the men of Shechem and slew all the men whom they found in it and left Not a single one remaining in it They slew all in torments because they had dishonored their sister Dina So they went basically ate shit on this whole little kingdom because of what the prince of the land had done to their sister and Thus let it not again be done from henceforth that a daughter of Israel be defiled for Judgment is ordained in heaven against them that they should destroy with the sword all the men of the Shechemites because they had wrought shame in Israel and The Lord delivered them into the hands of the son of Jacob that they might Exterminate them with the sword and execute judgment upon them and that it might not thus again be done in Israel that a virgin of Israel Should be defiled and if there is any man who wished it than Israel to give his daughter or his sister to any man Who is the seed of the Gentiles? He shall surely die and they shall stone him with stones for he hath wrought shame in Israel And they shall burn the woman with fire because she hath dishonored the name of the house of her father and she shall be rooted out of Israel and Let not an adulteress and no uncleanliness be found in Israel throughout all the days of the generations of the earth For Israel is holy unto the Lord and every man who hath defiled it shall surely die They shall stone him with stones For thus hath it been ordained and written in the heavenly tables Regarding all the seed of Israel he who defiled it shall surely die and he shall be stoned with stones and To this law there is no limit of days and no remission nor any atonement But the man who hath defiled his daughter shall be rooted out of the midst of Israel because he hath given to his seed To Moloch and wrought Impiously so as to defile it So we're talking again about the Canaanites that still rule our role today and how they practice these particular religions like praising Moloch and giving their children to Moloch I mean this if you're on this channel, you're very very very well aware of this and I was listening to Melissa Redfield the nation She actually kind of brought this up in one of her Conversations with Mickey Klan where they were talking about how Jacob had four wives this we know we read this last week Where he had Leah and Rachel who were sisters But they all he also had their handmaidens their servants who were not the same race And so when we're creating these 12 tribes of Israel We're seeing these 12 sons that are literally of different races that will scatter around the world And this again is interesting because we see this or we saw this rather in the book of the holy 12 Where Jesus talks about the Israelites not necessarily being just the people of Israel But even the Gentiles as well And so we're seeing a lot of cross reference here And so this is super interesting and it of course makes way more sense now when we know what we know So verse 11 And do thou Moses command the children of Israel to exhort them not to give their daughters to the Gentiles and not to take for their Sons any of the daughters of the Gentiles for this is abomination before the Lord So again God is talking to Moses and telling Moses the story on Mount Sinai for this reason I have written for thee in the words of the law all the deeds of the Shechemites which they wrought against Dina and how the sons of Jacob spake saying we shall not give our daughter to a man Who is uncircumcised for that were a reproach upon us and It is a reproach to Israel to those who give and to those who take the daughters of Gentiles for this is unclean and Abominable to Israel and Israel will not be free from this uncleanliness For it hath a wife of the daughters of Gentiles or hath given any of its daughters to a man who is any of the Gentiles For there will be plague upon plague and curse upon curse and every judgment and plague and curse will come down upon him If he do this thing or hide his eyes from those who commit uncleanliness or those who defile the sanctuary of the Lord For those who profane his holy name Then will the whole nation together be judged for all the uncleanliness and profanation of this man and there will be no respect of persons and no consideration of persons and no receiving at his hands of fruit and offerings and burnt offerings and fat nor the Fragrances of sweet savor so as to accept it and so fair every man or woman in Israel who defile the sanctuary For this reason I have commanded thee saying testify this testimony to Israel see how the Shechemites fared in their sons How they were delivered into the hands of two sons of Jacob and they slew them under tortures And it was reckoned unto them for righteousness and it is written down to them for righteousness And the seed of Levi was chosen for the priesthood and to be the Levites that they might minister before the Lord as we Continually and that Levi and his sons may be blessed forever for he was zealous to execute righteousness and judgment and vengeance on all those who arose against Israel and So they inscribed as a testimony in his favor on the heavenly tables blessing and righteousness before the God of all and We remember the righteousness which the man fulfilled during his life at all periods of the year until a thousand Generations they will record it and it will come to him into his descendants after him And he have been recorded on the heavenly tables as a friend and as a righteous man All this account I have written for thee and have commanded thee to say to the children of Israel that they should not commit sin Nor transgress the ordinances nor break the covenant which have been ordained for them But that they should fulfill it and be recorded as friends But if they transgress and work on cleanliness in every way They will be recorded on heavenly tables that as adversaries and they will be destroyed out of the book of life And they will be recorded in the book of those who will be destroyed with those who will be rooted out of the earth and On the day when the sons of Jacob slew Shechem a writing was recorded in their favor in heaven that they had Executed righteousness and uprightness and vengeance on the sinners and it was written for a blessing and they brought Dina their sister out of the house of Shechem and they took captive everything that was in Shechem So they basically ransacked the place Their sheep their oxen and their asses and all their wealth and all their flocks and brought them all to Jacob their father And he reproached them because they had put the city to the sword for he feared those who dwelt in the land the Canaanites and the Preziites and The dread of the Lord was upon all the cities Which are around about Shechem and they did not rise to pursue after the sons of Jacob for terror had fallen upon them So this brings us to chapter 31 Jacob's journey to Bethel and Hebron Isaac blesses Levi and Judah and On the new moon of the month Jacob's fake to all the people of his house saying purify yourselves and Change your garments and let us arise and go up to Bethel Or I vowed a vow to him on the day when I fled from the face of Esau my brother because he have been with me and Brought me into this land in peace and put you away the strange gods that are among you and They gave up the strange gods and that which was in their ears and Which was on their necks and their idols which Rachel stole from Leban her brother and gave holy to Jacob and he burnt and Break them to pieces and destroyed them and hid them under an oak Which was in the land of Shechem and he went up on the new moon of the seventh month to Bethel and he built an Altar at the place where he had slept and he set up a pillar there and he sent word to his father Isaac to come to him to Sacrifice and to his mother Rebecca Isaac said let my son Jacob come and let me see him before I die and Jacob went to his father Isaac and to his mother Rebecca to the house of his father Abraham and he took two of his Sons with him Levi and Judah and he came to his father Isaac and to his mother Rebecca and Rebecca came forth from the tower to the front of it to kiss Jacob and embrace him For her spirit had received when she heard behold Jacob thy son have come and she kissed him and She saw his two sons so her grandsons and she recognized them and said unto him are these thy sons My sons and she embraced them and kissed them and blessed them saying in you Shall the seed of Abraham become illustrious and ye will prove a blessing on the earth and Jacob went into his father Isaac To the chamber where he lay and his two sons were with him and he took the hand of his father and and Stooping down he kissed him and Isaac clung to the neck of Jacob his son and wept upon his neck and The darkness left the eyes of Isaac and he saw the two sons of Jacob Levi and Judah and he said are these thy sons my sons for they are like thee and He said unto him that they were truly his sons and Thou has truly seen that they are truly my sons and They came near to him and he turned and kissed them and braced them together and the spirit of prophecy Came down into his mouth and he took Levi by his right hand and Judah by his left And he turned to Levi first and began to bless him first and said unto him May the God of all the very Lord of all the ages bless thee and thy children throughout all the ages and May the Lord give to thee and to thy seed greatness and great glory and cause thee and thy seed from among all flesh To approach him to serve in his sanctuary as the angels of the presence and as the holy ones Even as they will the seed of thy sons be for glory and greatness and holiness and may he make them great upon all the ages And they will be princes and judges and chiefs for all the seed of the sons of Jacob And they will speak the word of the Lord in righteousness and they will judge all his judgments in righteousness They will declare my ways to Jacob and my path to Israel The blessings of the Lord will be given in their mouths to bless the seed of the beloved Thy mother have called thy name Levi and justly hath she called thy name Thou will be joined to the Lord and be the companion of all the sons of Jacob Let his table be thine and do thou and my sons eat their off and May thy table be full unto all generations and thy food fail not unto all ages and Let all who hate thee fall down before thee and let all the adversaries be rooted out in parish and Blessed be he that blessed thee and cursed be every nation that cursed thee and To Judah he said may the Lord give thee strength and power to tread down all that hate thee a Prince shout thou be thou and one of thy sons over the sons of Jacob may thy name and the name of thy sons go forth and Transverse every land and region Then will the Gentiles fear before thy face and all the nations will quake and all the people will quake and These shall the help be of Jacob and in thee shall be found the salvation of Israel And when thou sittest on the throne of the honor of thy righteousness There will be great peace for all the seed of the sons of the beloved and the blessed Will he be that blessed thee And all that hate thee and afflict thee and curse thee shall be rooted out destroyed from the earth and accursed and Turning he kissed him and get an embrace him and rejoiced greatly for he had seen the sons of Jacob his son in the very truth And he went forth between his feet and fell down and worshipped him and blessed him and Jacob rested there with Isaac his father that night and they ate and Drank with joy And he made the two sons of Jacob's sleep the one on his right hand and the other on his left And it was counted to him for righteousness and Jacob told his father everything during the night how the Lord had shown him great mercy and now he had Prospered him in all the ways and protected him from all evil and Isaac blessed the God of his father Abraham who had not withdrawn his mercy and his righteousness from the sons of his servant Isaac and In the morning Jacob told his father Isaac the vow which he had vowed to the Lord and the vision which he had seen and that he had Built an altar and that everything was ready for the sacrifice to be made before the Lord as he had vowed and that he had come To set him on an ass and Isaac said unto Jacob my son I am not able to go with thee for I am old and not able to bear the way to go Go my son in peace for I am 165 years this day. I am no longer able to journey set thy mother on an ass and let her go with thee and I know my son that thou has come on my account and may this day be blessed on which thou has seen me alive And I have also seen thee my son mayest thou prosper and fulfill the vow which thou hast vowed and put not off thy Bow for thy it will be called to account as touching the vow Now therefore make haste to perform it and may he be pleased who hath made all things to whom thou has Vowed the bow and he said to Rebecca go with Jacob thy son and Rebecca went with Jacob her son and Deborah with her and they came to Bethel and Jacob remember the prayer with which his father had blessed him and his two sons Levi and Judah and he Rejoiced and blessed the God of his father Abraham and Isaac and he said now I know that I have an eternal hope and my son's also Before the God of all and thus it is ordained concerning the two and they record it as an eternal testimony Unto them on the heavenly tables how Isaac blessed them This brings us to chapter 32 Levi's dream at Bethel. He is appointed to the priesthood Jacob celebrates the feast of the tabernacle and offers tithes the institution of tithes and A bow that night at Bethel and Levi dreamed that they had ordained and made him a priest of the most high God Him and his sons forever and he awoke from the sleep and blessed the Lord and Jacob rose early in the morning on the 14th of this month and he gave the tithe of all that came with him both men In cattle both of gold and every vessel and garment. Yay. He gave tithes of all and in those days Rachel became pregnant with her son Benjamin and Jacob counted his sons from him Upwards and Levi fell to the portion of the Lord and his father clothed him in garments of the priesthood and filled his hands and On the 15th of this month He brought to the altar 14 oxen from amongst the cattle 28 rounds 49 sheep seven lambs 21 kids of goats as burnt offering on the altar of sacrifice Well-pleasing for a sweet saver before God This was his offering and consequence of the vow which he had vowed that he would give a tenth With their fruit offering and their drink offering And when the fire had consumed it he burnt incense on the fire over the fire and for thank offering to Oxen and four rams and four sheep for he goats and two sheeps of a year old and two kids of the goats And thus he did daily for seven days and He and all his sons and his men were eating this with joy during the seven days and blessing and thinking the Lord Who had delivered him out of the tribulation and had given him his vow He tithed all the clean animals and made a burnt sacrifice with the unclean Animals he gave not to me by his son and he gave him all the souls of the men and Levi Discharged the priestly office at Bethel before Jacob his father and Preference to his ten brothers and he was a priest there and Jacob gave him his vow Thus he tithed again the tithe to the Lord and sanctified it and became holy unto him and For this reason it is ordained on the heavenly tables as a law for the tithing again And the tithe to eat before the Lord from year to year in the place where it is chosen That his name should dwell and to this law there is no limit of days forever The ordinance is written that it may be fulfilled from year to year and eating the second tithe before the Lord in The place where it hath been chosen and nothing shall remain over from it from this year to the year following For in its year shall the seed be eaten till the days of the gathering the seed of the year and the wine till the days of the Wine and the oil till the days of the season and all that is left there off and become as old Let it be regarded as polluted. Let it be burnt with fire for it is unclean and Thus let them eat it together in the sanctuary and let them not suffer it to become old For all the tithes of the oxen and sheep shall be holy unto the Lord and shall belong to his priest Which they will eat before him from year to year for thus it is ordained and engraved regarding the tithe of the holy tables and On the following night on the 22nd day of this month Jacob resolved to build the place and to surround the court with a wall and to sanctify it and make it holy forever For himself and for his children after and the Lord appeared to him by night and blessed him and said unto him Thy name shall not be called Jacob, but Israel shall be thy name So that's where we get the 12 tribes of Israel the 12 descendants of Jacob through Isaac through Abraham and He said unto him again I am the Lord who created the heaven and the earth and I shall increase thee and multiply thee Exceedingly and kings will come forth from thee and they will judge everywhere wherever the foot of the sons of men have Trotten and I shall give to thee seed of all the earth which is under heaven And they will judge all the nations according to their desires and after that they will get possession of the whole earth and inherited forever and He finished speaking with them and he went up from him and Jacob looked till he had ascended into heaven And he saw in a vision of the night and beheld an angel descendant from heaven with seven tables in his hand And he gave them to Jacob and he read them and knew all that was written therein Which would befall him and his sons throughout all the ages And he showed him all that was written on the tables and said unto him Do not build this place and do not make it an eternal sanctuary and do not dwell here for this is not the place Go to the house of Abraham thy father and dwell with Isaac thy father until the day of the death of thy father For in Egypt doubt will die in peace and in this land That will be buried with honor in the sepulchre of thy fathers with Abraham and Isaac Fear not for as thou has seen in reddit thus will it all be and do thou write down everything as Thou has seen in red and Jacob said Lord How can I remember all that I have read and seen and he said unto him? I will bring all things to thy remembrance And he went up from him and he awoke from his sleep and he remembered everything which he had read and seen and he wrote down all the words Which he had read and seen and he celebrated there yet another day And he sacrificed therein according to all that he sacrificed on the former days and called its name addition For this day was added and the former days he called the feast and Thus it was manifested that it should be and it is written on the heavenly tables Whereof it was revealed to him that he should celebrate it and add it to the seven days of the feast and Its name was called addition because that it was recorded amongst the days of the feast according to the number of the days of the years and In the night on the 23rd day of this month Deborah Rebecca's nurse died and they buried her beneath the city under the oak of the river and he calls the name of this place the River of Deborah and the oak the oak of the morning of Deborah and Rebecca went and returned to her house To his father Isaac and Jacob sent by her hand rams and sheets and he goats And she should prepare a mill for his father such as he desired And he went after his mother till he came to the land of Cobra and dwelled there and Rachel bear a son in the night and call the name son of my sorrow For she suffered in giving him birth, but his father called his name Benjamin on the 11th of the 8th month in the first year of the 6th week of this jubilee and Rachel died there and she was buried in the land of Ethra the same as Bethlehem and Jacob built a pillar on the grave of Rachel on the road above her grave So this brings us to chapter 33 this is Ruben sin with bill ha in laws regarding incest and Jacob's children and Jacob went and dwelt at the south of the mag valley draft and he went to his father Isaac He and Leah his wife on the new moon of the 10th month because now Rachel has now passed away Again, there's so much that's Written in between the lines here. There's so much of the life that we're not seeing I really wish somebody would make a movie out of this book and just add in This is really a fantastic epic and we know that Leah was his least favorite wife if you remember he had to marry Leah first because Leah was the oldest in order to then be able to marry Rachel Where Rachel was his true love and of course the other two wives were their handmaidens So servants and Ruben saw bill ha Rachel's maid and concubine of his father bathing in water in a secret place and loved her So it looks like this is Rachel's maid who is now passed away Ruben is one of Jacob's sons and Bill ha is Rachel's maid who is also a concubine They really did a lot of um Interesting things back in the back in these days, but now Ruben is falling in love with his father's concubine Whoo interesting like I said, this would make a great movie and he hid himself at night He entered the house of bill ha at night and he found her sleeping alone on a bed in her house And he lay with her and she awoke and saw and beheld Ruben was lying with her in the bed And she uncovered at the borders of her covering and seized him and cried out and discovered that it was Ruben She was ashamed because of him and released her hand from him and he fled and she laminated because of this Thing exceedingly and did not tell it to anyone and when Jacob returned and sought her she said unto him I am not clean for thee for I have been defiled as regards the for Ruben Have defiled me and have played with me in the night and while I was asleep and did not discover until he Uncovered my skirt and slept with me And Jacob was exceedingly wroth with Ruben because he had lain with Bill ha and because he had uncovered his father's skirt And Jacob did not approach her again because Ruben had defiled her and as for any man who uncovered His father's skirt his deed is wicked exceedingly for he is abominable before the Lord For this reason it is written and ordained on the heavenly tables that a man should not lie with his father's wife and Should not uncover his father's skirt for this is unclean They shall surely die together the man who lieth with his father's wife and the woman also for they have wrought uncleanness on the earth and There shall be nothing unclean before our God in the nation which he hath chosen for himself as a possession and Again it is written a second time Cursed be he who lieth with the wife of his father for he hath uncovered his father's shame and All the holy ones of the Lord said so be it so be it And do thou Moses command the children of Israel that they observe this word For it is a punishment of death and it is unclean and there is no atonement Forever to atone for the man who hath committed this But he has to be put to death and slain and stoned with stones and rooted out from the midst of the people of our God For to know man who doeth so in Israel is Permitted to remain alive a single day on the earth for he is abominable and unclean and Let them not say to Ruben was granted life and forgiveness after he had lain with his father's Compubine and to her also though she had a husband and to her husband Jacob his father was still alive For until that time there had been not revealed the ordinance and the judgment and law and its completeness for all But in nine days it have been revealed as a law of season and of days in an everlasting law for the everlasting generations For this law there is no consumption of days and no atonement for it But they must both be rooted out in the midst of the nation on the day we're on they committed it They shall slay them and do thou Moses write it down for Israel that they may observe it and do according to these words And not commit a sin unto death for the Lord our God is judge who respecteth not person and accepted Not gifts you can't bribe God remember so he's basically saying no incest The incest is an abomination and you can't bribe God which we know now what the Canaanites do So this makes even more sense even though we know incest is incredibly gross and wrong so verse 19 and Tell them these words of the covenant that they may hear and observe and be on their guard with respect to them and Not be destroyed and rooted out of the land for an uncleanness and an abomination and a contamination and a pollution Are they who committed on the earth before our God? And there is no greater sin the fornication which they commit on earth for Israel is a holy nation unto the Lord It's God and a nation of inheritance and a priestly and royal nation for his own possessions and There shall no such uncleanness appear in the midst of a holy nation And I apologize if you hear my dog walking around He's been a very good boy listening to me read this book So I apologize if you hear him getting up and walking around and In the third year of the sixth week Jacob and all his sons went and dwelt in the house of Abraham near Isaac His father and Rebecca his mother and these were the names of the son of Jacob the firstborn Ruben then Simeon Levi Judah Ischar Zeblon the sons of Leah and the sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin the sons of Bilhan Dan Neftalia and the sons of Zilpa Gad and Asher and Dina the daughter of Leah the only daughter of Jacob and They came and bowed themselves to Isaac and Rebecca their paternal grandparents and they saw them They blessed Jacob and all his sons and Isaac rejoiced exceedingly for he saw the sons of Jacob his younger son and he blessed them This brings us to chapter 34 War of the Amorite Kings against Jacob and his sons Joseph sold into Egypt the death of Bilhan and Dina So we talked a little bit about the Amorites a long long long time ago we did a mystery Monday over the unidentified mummy in Egypt I'll see if I can find that video and place it in the description box where Basically, it got into like the Amorites and how I think it was the Amorites or might have in the Hevites Anyway, I'll place the video in the description box But one of the princess from one of these tribes was thought to perhaps be this unidentified mummy And it got into some fascinating archaeology where at first they thought some of these Amorite Hevite tribes Weren't necessarily real they might have been fictitious in a lot of these religious texts But then these archaeologists found all this stuff that proved that these tribes really did exist and so super fascinating Anyway, all right chapter 34 In the sixth year of this week of this 44th Jubilee Jacob sent his sons to pastor their sheep and his servants with them to the pastors of Shechem And the seven kings of the Amorites assembled themselves together against them to slay them Hiding themselves under the trees and to take their cattle as a prey And Jacob and Levi and Judah and Joseph for in the house with Isaac their father For his spirit was sorrowful and they could not leave him and Benjamin was the youngest for this reason remained with his father And there came the kings of taffoo The kings of arsia the kings of serigin the kings of cellio And the kings of gaza and the king of bethryan and the kings of Menescar and all those who dwell in these mountains and who dwell in the land of kanan So again, I apologize if I said those names wrong It is what it is basically the Amorites who were part of this kananite land And they announced this to Jacob saying behold the kings of the Amorites have surrounded by sons and plundered their herds And he rose from his house and he and his three sons and all the servants of his father and his own servants And he went And he went against them with six thousand men who carried swords And he slew them in the pastors of shechem and pursued those who fled And he slew them with the edge of the sword and he slew arsia And taffoo and serigin and cellio and emescar and gagesse and he recovered his herds And he prevailed over them and imposed tribute on them that they should pay him tribute Five fruit products of their land and he built robell and tamarits He returned in peace and they peace with them and they became his servants until the day he and his sons went into egypt And in the seventh year of this week He sent joseph to learn about the welfare of his brother from his house to the land of shechem And he found them in the land of dafan And they dwelt treacherously with him and formed a plot against him to slay him but changing their minds They sold him To the ishmaelite merchants and they brought him down into egypt and they sold him to potifar the eunuch of pharaoh the chief of the coaxed priest of the city of ilu And the sons of jacob slaughtered a kid and dipped the coat Of joseph in the blood and sent it to jacob their father on the 10th of the seventh month And he mourned all that night for they had brought it to him in the evening And he became feverish with the mourning for his death And he said an evil beast hath devoured joseph and all the members of his house Mourned with him that day and they were grieving and mourning with him all that day And his sons and his daughters rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted for his son And on that day bill had heard that joseph had perished and she died mourning him And she was living in kafret And dina also his daughter died after joseph had perished and there came these three mornings upon israel in one month And they buried bill had over against the tomb of rachel and dina also his daughter they buried there And he mourned for joseph one year and did not cease for he said let me go down and grave the mourning for my son For this reason it is ordained for the children of israel that they should afflict themselves on the 10th of the seventh month On the day that made him weep for joseph came to jacob his father That they should make atonement for themselves thereon with a young goat on the 10th of the seventh month Once a year for their sins for they have grieved the affection of their father regarding joseph his son And this day had been ordained that they should grieve thereon for their sins and for all their Transgressions and for all their errors so that they might cleanse themself on that day once a year and after joseph Parished the sons of jacob took unto themselves wives The name of ruben's wife is eda The name of simian's wife is adiba A canaanite And the name of livi's wife is melka the daughter of aran And the seed of the sons of terra the name of juda's wife bet better suel a canaanite And the name of ishkar's wife Hezadah the name of zeblon's wife Niaman and the name of dan's wife Eglah and the name of maftali's wife rasu of mesopotamia And the name of gad's wife maka the name of asher's wife ejona and the name of joseph's wife Asinaf the egyptian The name of benjaman's wife ijeska And simian repented and took a second wife from mesopotamia as his brothers So we got a couple of canaanite wives in there. That's interesting and once again, I hope I said those names, right? I probably didn't but that's okay So this brings us to chapter 35, which we are going to read through today. We covered six chapters today But here we go rebecca's last admonitions and death And in the first year of the first week of the 45th jubilee rebecca called jacob her son And commanded him regarding his father and regarding his brother that he should honor them all the days of his life And jacob said I will do everything as thou has commanded me For this thing will be honor and greatness to me and righteousness before the lord that I should honor them And thou too mother knowest from the time I was born until this day All my deeds and all that is in my heart that I always think good concerning all And how should I not do this thing which thou has commanded me that I should honor my father and my brother Tell me mother what perversity has thou seen in me that I shall turn away from it and mercy will be upon me And she said unto him my son. I have not seen in thee all my days any perverse But only upright deeds and yet I should tell thee the truth my son I shall die this Year and I shall not survive this year in my life for I have seen in a dream the day of my death And I should not live beyond a hundred and fifty five years and behold I have completed all the days of my life which I am to live And jacob laughed at the words of his mother because his mother had said unto him that he should die And she was sitting opposite to him in the possession of her strength And she was not in firm in her strength for she went in and out and saw on her teeth were strong And no element had touched her all the days of her life And jacob said unto her blessed am I mother if my days approach the days of my life and my strength remain with me thus As thy strength and thy will not die for thou art justing ivory with me regarding thy death And she went into isaac and said unto him one petition I make unto thee make esauce swear that he will not injure jacob nor pursue him with Inminity for thou knowest esauce thoughts that they are perverse from his youth And there is no goodness in him for he desires after thy death to kill him And thou knowest all that he hath done since the day jacob his brother went to heron until this day Now he hath forsaken us with his whole heart and hath done evil to us Thy flocks he hath taken to himself and carried off all thy possessions from before thy face And when we implore and basalt him for what was our own he did as a man who was taking pity on us And he is bitter against thee because he blessed jacob thy perfect upright son for there is no evil But only goodness in him and since he came from heron until this day he hath not robbed us of ought For he bringeth us everything in its season always and rejoice with all his heart When he take at his hands and blesseth us and hath not parted from us since he came from heron until this day And he remaineth with us continually at home honoring us And isaac said unto her I too know and see the deeds of jacob who is with us How with all his heart he honoreth us but I loved esauce formally more than jacob because he was the first born But now I love jacob more than esau for he hath done many fold evil deeds And there is no righteousness in him for all his ways are unrighteousness and violence And there is no righteousness around him And now my heart is troubled because all his deeds and neither he nor his seed is to be saved For they are those who will be destroyed from the earth and he will be rooted out from under heaven For he hath forsaken the god of abraham and gone after his wives and after their uncleanliness And after their error he and his children And now dust bid me to make him swear that he will not slay jacob his brother Even if he swears he will not obey by his oath and he will not do good but evil only But if he desireth to say jacob his brother Into jacob's hand will he be given for he will not escape from his hand for he will descend into his hands And fear thou not on account of jacob for the guardian of jacob is great and powerful and honored And praised more than the guardian of esau And rebecca sent and called esau and he came to her and she said unto him I have a petition my son to make unto thee and do thou promise to do it my son And he said i will do everything that thou sayest unto me and i will not Refuse thy petition And she said unto him i ask that the day i die That will take me in and bury me near sarah thy father's mother And that thou and jacob will love each other and that neither will desire evil against the other But mutually love only and so ye will prosper my sons and be honored in the midst of the land And no enemy will rejoice over you and ye will be a blessing and a mercy in the eyes of all those that love you And he said i will do all that thou hast told me and i shall bury thee on the day Thou dyest near sarah my father's mother as thou hast desired that her bones may be near thy bones And jacob my brother also i shall love above all flesh for i have not a brother in all the earth But in him only for this is no great merit for me if i love him for he is my brother And we were sewn together in thy body and together came forth from thy womb And if i do not love my brother whom shall i love And i myself beg thee to exhort jacob concerning me and concerning my sons For i know that he assuredly will be king over me and my sons For on the day my father blessed him he made him the higher and me the lower And i swear unto thee that i shall love him and not desire evil against him in all the days of my life But good only and he swear unto her regarding all this matter And she called jacob before the eyes of esau and gave him commandment according to the words Which she spoke to esau and he said i shall do thy pleasure Believe me that no evil will proceed from me or from my sons against esau and i shall be the first in the Not save only in love and they ate and drank and she and her sons that night and she died three jubilees And one week and one year old on that night and her two sons esau and jacob Buried her in a double cave near sarah their father's mother And that ends our reading for today Thank you so much for sitting through this reading. I hope you all are having a wonderful wonderful week Thank you again to josh mckay for doing our music if you would like to purchase the opening song There is a link down in the description box below And again, thank you to todd rothert for helping me get this video out to you guys I'm also going to try to find the video with melissa red pill And mickey clan where they go into jacob in the tribes of israel That should be hopefully will be in the description box below if i can get my hands on it So be looking out for that. All right guys. I'll talk to you soon. Bye


So, today, Lars is going to talk about illustrating, he's going to illustrate how the upcoming digital product focus and the associated new high-level abstraction with seven new agile value streams in IT for IT can help organizations to holistically manage digital end-to-end. And no better person to talk about that than Lars. Over to you, Lars. Welcome. Thank you, Steve. And also, it's a pleasure to be a speaker here at the first digital event. I think there is a lot of benefits in actually being digital as an organization that promotes digital. So we can reflect about a lot of negative things that are coming with the COVID-19 situation. I won't go down that part, but I would make the reflection that in difficult times is often an inflection point where new ideas really break through and digital is one of them, right? So, thinking about what would we have done if it was 20 years ago the COVID-19 had happened, that would have been even more problematic because it turns out that there is a lot of things we can do in our home offices with these kind of technologies that is available. I just came across an interesting event a few days ago that shows what it means to have embraced the digital transformation in these hard times. And that's the rap musician Travis Scott. I don't know if any of you know about him. He's typically not associated with people with grey hair like myself, but nevertheless. And obviously, as many other musicians, he's having this challenge that he cannot go out to all the classical concert shows that he would perform. That's pretty much shut down most places in the world. And so, I don't know if he himself or his team or who actually came up with the idea, but they decided to make an event, a concert within the fortnight game engine or within the fortnight game. They did that a few days ago and had 12 million people listening in to that event. It was an all time record for fortnight itself, which in and by itself is a record breaking modern game organization. They built Scott as a virtual avatar, scaled it out in many different ways and had a lot of events going on in there. So everybody's pretty amazed about what happened. And so that's actually interesting in the sense that he would never get 12 million listeners to a regular concert, right? Suddenly he went digital, probably because he was forced to do something like that. But it was a huge success. Now people will say, well, he didn't really sell any tickets. So he didn't get ticket revenue, but I'm pretty sure I'm actually already seen on the net that now the skins and the merchandise are becoming hot items that came from that. So the digital artifacts that is produced for this event is now something they can start sell, etc. So I'm pretty sure he's going to make a lot of money on that. And obviously people are now downloading his music as well and all listening and not downloading their streaming in from Spotify or whatever, right? So quite transformational. And so if we if we think about that and go to the thinking about what goes on behind the scenes. So Travis Scott, he's part of a record label. It's Grant Hostel Records traditional record label. They're in the rap music business and been there for 15 years or something like that. And I'm pretty sure they have lots of different kinds of IT solutions already in place. They might not have a mainframe as I've pitched here in this one, but but they for sure have accounting systems, they have digital production systems. They have a lot of different things, right? And now this came in. So how did they do that, right? So how did they manage that new situation? How did they perform something as fast as suddenly just creating a really successful event within a game like Fortnite? What kind of IT systems do they need to have in place? And that's a reflection on many companies is that digital transformation is not necessarily about let's clean it all up. Let's all be fast and it's all a great right. You have a lot of existing things you still need to run, but then you need to add to it. So actually what is going to end up is that the world is getting more complex. Don't believe that already. I'm not believing that there will be a big transformation going on and everything will be smart and regular. No, it's going to be more complex. IoT is adding complexity. SAS is adding complexity. And you're not necessarily turning off all the old stuff because you have a lot of value in the legacy that you have. And even the ones you turn on today, five years from now, they will be considered legacy, right? So the one thing that is sure is that complexity goes up and you still want to be digital. So then let's reflect on this from a different angle and saying, well, 15 years ago, 20 years ago, what was the role of the CIO? The role of the CIO was essentially to mess for less, right? Run the ERP system, run the mail system servers, do it as chiefly and efficient as possible, and just make sure that you support the business. CIO gives the CIO some money every year, maybe 4% of the revenue. That is completely transformed, right? To today where if you want to do transformation, the CIO is actually not necessarily in the driver seat any longer. These chief product officers or chief digital officers within the lines of business that comes up with ideas and they want speed. So this is an example here. So let's just imagine a day in the office of Travis Scott's record label, right? And then somebody says, well, we can't do concepts. Let's do it virtually, right? And they brainstorm quickly and they say, well, actually, what's the best audience? There's a good Venn diagram of Fortnite players and rap musicians and listeners, and that's the biggest game. So can we do something in the Fortnite environment? And so you go to the CIO, imagine they would go to the record label CIO and say, okay, we would like to do a virtual concert in a digital game. And then in the traditional way, the CIO would go, okay, I'll set down a group and they will write a requirement specification for sending out a tender to game engine companies that can help us implement a platform for doing in concert things. And we can't really see that the current games allow this. So we probably need some custom development from the game platforms to be able to allow that. Same place six months later hasn't happened yet, right? I'm pretty sure that what they did within the record label of Grand Hospital Records was something that was not taking half years, four years. It's something they've done extremely quick, right? So the CPOs, the chief product officers that really want something to be done, he needs speed, right? The CIO still at the record label eats agility, right? So saying, yeah, okay, that's fine. So we now did this event. We did it in Fortnight. It was run on top of the EPIC engine. I believe it's EPIC that is used by Fortnight. But we might actually want to repeat another event within another game environment and that might be based on the theme engine. So can we recreate that there, right? By the way, we cut some corners in producing all the artifacts at first time. So we want to move them over to another platform for storing all the digital content now that we need to merchandise it and sell it, right? So he needs agility to be able to move things around as they scale out the operation, with whatever is successful needs to scale out, whatever is not successful needs to be quickly turned off so that doesn't burn money and not being used. And while this was going on, imagine again, the CISO, he's increasingly getting into play. He wasn't as important 20 years ago. But today, if somebody had heard about that, that Travis wanted to do an even concert Friday in Fortnight, why don't we do a denial of service attack? Because, yeah, we don't want him to be successful or do some ransom or not doing the denial of service attack just while this is going on, right? So all of these things needs the CISO needs to react quickly and actually take security into account when you do this with speed. And then finally, you have the CEO of the record label. I see no longer just something that makes collecting money and sending out bills and etc. It's really, it's a real time business generator suddenly, right? So he wants to know exactly what is going on. How is the development plans for the fortnight going on? What are all the steps that we're doing? Are we in control? Are we not in control? So the CEO needs insight. So what does all of that really means? Well, it really means that essentially, IT is the business now, right? That's a digital transformation. That is that IT becomes the business of the business is IT technology, information technology. So if that's the case, how do we manage that? Well, the first thing is that many people are kind of trying to taste it was saying, digital business that implies that the product becomes digital. So really what you need to do is digital product management. What does digital mean? And what we've done in the IT for IT forum is to start defining that more coherently. And later in the day, Mark Bodman will talk a little bit about that as well. We'll publish a white paper soon on what is digital product management really all about. But it turns out that IT for IT is extremely well suited to manage digital product. And you need to really treat your information technology as a product management problem. So it's no longer just about making some apps and making sure they run. It really is the entire field of product management you need to bring to bear across the planning, the building, the delivery of the run of this. Okay. So there's also another question about, well, is the digital product the same as a regular product? And by the way, what about this concept of service management as opposed to product management? Well, this figure you see here is a figure that has been a slight adaptation of something that is already in the IT for IT 2.1 book. Excuse me, which is really around the concept of saying what matters to people consuming information technology is the outcome. That's the same as when you consume a product, it's the outcome of using the product that is important. And typically a digital product is really delivered as a service. It might be that the digital product is physically shipped as bits in some way and sold to other customer organizations. But at the end of the day, the delivery of the service is something that runs on a computer. So essentially what you say is that you have the concept of a service offer which describe what the consumer of that product can expect. And it also describe what kind of interaction should go on between the consumer and that system that is the running product as such. Right. The digital product is really based on you have a system with all the integrated resources, the code, the computer device technology and subscriptions to other subsystems that allows you to deliver a service that produce an outcome for some consumer of it. So that thinking has actually been part of it for it since 10 years, pretty much right. So we just need to tweak a few words to really get people to understand it's all about product management. Well, that's pretty great right. And then you could say well if you look at the the value streams in it for it that that is now have become pretty prevalent info for a lot of people to understand is that you have the concept of your study to portfolio requirements to deploy request for fitness detector correct right. If you look at that in the previous setting that slide before what you see there is that anything that system that delivers the digital product is something you need to do from a strategy to portfolio perspective the plan part you need to do it and in a in a development perspective with requirement to deploy. You also need at the end of the day to detect and correct anything that goes on when the system is running the request for Phil is the new kid on the block. Also discussed it a bit that that this 4% that has become 25% it's really important. It was something new that we really introduced with it for it. It was not planned build run it was planned bill deliver run right. And as we have evolved our understanding or it really goes on in organization when they deliver it, we figured out what request to fulfill is really not a single value stream. It's actually three value streams right. There is one value stream which is around from whatever is released to create an offer that can be consumed. And then there is a concept of requesting that offers and fulfill it that's really kind of the word request to fulfill. And also about whenever you create more features or correct box or patch or change the security of a system that is running supporting the digital products and the service being delivered, then you, you need to be able to quickly deploy so you also have a deployment to it. So we really need to open that up a little bit. But it also gives a line which is pretty easy to paint on the existing backdrop of it for it is that you essentially have this system lifecycle, which is controlled by the backbone described in it for it. So then the service offer life cycle is actually the concept of the of the offer the subscription the service level and the charge back or show back contract right those becomes the service offer life cycle that needs to be controlled as well. So, as we move towards the next release of it for it, we are starting to introduce these kind of concepts, because that's a natural evolution, not a revolution is an evolution of the it for it standards that allow you to serve digital more. We're actually taking another perspective on it and that goes back when when we talked about the. That was Mike and his team from that talked about the, the capabilities that they build out in order to to create their, their innovation within nationwide is that you're sort of flipping between a functional component and capability and then the value stream. And when we started out it for it, these concepts was not very prevalent in the industry was not super well understood, maybe a few enterprise architects here and they're really got it right. But be honest with yourself about what it all looked like five and 10 years ago. Today, the concept of industry mapping has become more and more mainstream, but also managing capabilities and data objects. And so we are really starting to look into saying what from a capability perspective. It's actually as a side note, interesting to note that the capabilities know the value streams that for value streams of it for it version. So one is actually modeled in our teammate as capabilities because our teammate did not have any streams when we created two got one. Today, our teammate has value streams so we can have a proper modeling of that. And then we can separate between capabilities and value streams becomes a bit theoretical, but it's important to say that well fundamentally needs to have the capability to plan to build to deliver and run and which you can stop divide into more finer grain capabilities and we've divided in this figure here into eight more fine grain capabilities and then you can overlay the the value streams on top of it. What I would like to break with though is the chain concept because when we present the the full value streams of it for it as a chain. Then people immediately think that's waterfall. The one things ends and then it hands it over to the next step and then it does something at hands at home so you have a plan you handle what's the development development handle will release to deliver right. Now that's actually not how it works. You need to have strategy to portfolio to explore what is possible. So that comes back to Travis Scott, the rapper, and what happens at his record label right. That's a completely new idea to go in and do a rap concert in a fortnight engine right. They have said, oh, that's a new plan right we need to put it into our strategic planning exercise which we run once a year, and then you can have it as a line item and we can discuss whether we would rebalance our budget to do this instead of the other right. If would never happen right. It's forget about it know what happened is that somebody said yeah that's an interesting idea we kick it up as something we explore is it possible not possible. You chalk up some of the ethics. Now we're back to say five language of things that needs to be done in order to deliver a minimal viable solution. It's something that is not done only by planning department they work active with a development department that is what do we need to do how could we possibly develop all of these artifacts that we need how could we possibly develop a package that can be injected into fortnight is it realistic right and at some point they say yeah that seems possibly possible let's allocate budget for the first iteration of doing it a proof of concept right and that kicks off a requirement to deploy. It continues integration loop that that loops around three times until it has something that seems to be working and then you go back and say let's get some more money let's really do the big plan and they're they're ready to go. And here, you could say the other thing we've done in this figure is to say, and the service backbone as it was defined in in version two that one we could actually just rename a couple of the objects to call them product instead of service. Because really that the struggle five 10 years ago was was service orientation or product orientation most important in the world was not clear cut at that time. Today, product has won basically it is product management so think about all of these key artifacts to really controls the products that you deliver using information technology. Now. So, that was quite a story. So let's go back to the CPO CIO CISO and CEO they want speed agility inside and security right. So that's another aspect of when we look at that landscape with all of the the value seems the capabilities is in the functional components and the data objects that it for it happened. Of course, I would need much, much more than 25 minutes to give full credit to to what is going on there, but can it actually deliver agility speed security and an insight and it turns out. Absolutely it can inside is really around collecting data from all of these connected record fabric that it right to define right so that you can actually relate your incident your performance your status of your development together with the requirements and the backlog from the customers into inside that allows you to optimize. What is your strategy. What is it that you want to have in your portfolio. And a lot of organizations cannot do that today because they don't have that connected tissue it right he finds how you can develop your platform for managing digital so that you can get the inside agility we talked about is that you can quickly try something new. And figuring out speed is around you can iterate through these kind of things and security is something you can overlay the testing aspect in in how you operate. You actually also operate from a security perspective in addition to traditional it perspective right so you can deliver all of these four key things. Speed agility security and inside on top of the it for it landscape or it for it reference architecture. So that really takes me to the end of the presentation here. To say, well, it is becoming the business in the digital world right it for it defines the architecture for managing digital. And it is well prepared to manage it as a business because it delivers the ability to do speed agility security and inside. So with that I would say thank you for listening to this. If you want to know more join the it for it forum. If you have that possibility else. Look forward to a release in a theater near you soon that will explain more of these kind of things digital white paper digital product white paper is the next delivery coming out and later in the afternoon. Mark Bodman will talk a bit more about what it means to be a digital product. Thank you. Last virtual round of applause and and thank you very much for your your insights there. We do have a few a few questions come in and you know, we hear a lot everywhere about this this kind of move to product from service and as you as you said, products one out now it's clear. That's the way it is. So the first question is around that if it for it is product centric. Can you explain how that's relevant to a customer as a consumer? Or is the definition of product expanded or a company builds a product like micro focus and a customer uses them to build products for its customers. Right. No, it's a it's a fair question. I want to use this slide as a backdrop for it. Because you could say, yeah, obviously micro focus we're delivering digital products with that's always been our business so so no big deal there we are increasingly starting or increasingly delivering it as a service so we run it as fast for our customers instead of just delivering a a back of bits that that the customer themselves can use. So that's the that's the only quote unquote transformation we're going to. But if if I'm if I'm an IT organization servicing the some lines of businesses. If you start thinking about the insurance policy application if it's an insurance company is actually a product that can be consumed by the end customers. You have to think about well what what do I need to do with this product to make it earn more money. Right. So suddenly the entire concept of what is the value of the product is completely rethought and all the disciplines that product management has has figured out and documented in their training courses and and curriculums in universities around you can take an MBA and learning how to do it. It's actually what I see needs to serve it's not just about yeah the the app is running the lights are green and according to the functional speak it delivers exactly what was in the functional aspect so we's not to like it you need to think about. Can can I get more business what do I need to do in order to make it better the safe movement and the agile DevOps movement to some degree are already there right because they they say well it really matters that feedback loop in constantly understanding is the real consumer. The service happy right now you might even start doing more money associations with it which is important. It does require a lot of IT organization to get new roles and profiles in order to be successful so that's a big transformation. All right thank you. Let's see is that if you could go you're on your slide 11 now if you could go back to if you're able to still drive those. The question about your slide nine is that we I know you'll be able to answer it without having the slide up but for everyone else's benefit. Is the backbone now illustrated as the as the green arrows in slide nine. Yeah I'm I'm I'm not sure about the number of the slides correspond to. That's the one yeah OK yeah it's funny enough say eight in the era but nine at the at the flight number yeah OK fine so the. So the question was is the green arrow is now the. Backbone. No that's the short answer. The green arrows are essentially the value streams so each green arrow controls one life cycle of the backbone so it could be at the conceptual level where it is. The what is the real digital product seen from a customer perspective it can be the requirement to deploy green arrow the integrate one that controls the release. It can be the deploy one that controls the desired service model into the actual service model and the operate which is the tech to correct which is around the actual service model. So number of arrows controls the various life cycles of the backbone. OK alright thank you. Let's see. Can you elaborate on the relations between I till for and it for it. Not in one minute. Well no I can I can I can say that. I till version four among other things start to introduce the concept of value stream thinking. Right and and so I wouldn't say they stole from us because we we innovated that. A long time ago in even I see for I see version one had that concept. Now the entire industry also safe is doing more on value stream mapping so we are also taking it to the next level. So we're kind of a generation ahead of the pack I would say but but there is an alignment there and absolutely you can you can implement a lot of the thinking in I till version four on top of the architecture because we are an architecture. They are framework right. They compliment each other they don't compete as such. Right OK great. Well last you've you've brought us in right on time. Great job and I'll leave the questions there there are some more I don't know if you'll get a chance to take a look in the in the Q&A link there there are a couple more questions that we didn't get to there but thank you for your time I do want to keep on time so that people can go to the break.