So our team, part of our team is in Ukraine right now in this, this, this church with Pastor Vladimir Manton or this more like a conference. It's like a, actually more of like a college for whole month. People getting 12,000, 12 and a half thousand, 13,000 people getting together every single day. Can you believe that? And they're just learning from the Word of God, renewing their mindsets. Generational curses are being broken. People are getting healed. I just got a text from him before the service. He says, bro, it's like, it's crazy here. He's like, people just, people getting delivered on the hallways and the walkways. People are getting healed. People walking out of a crutches, I mean dropping their crutches, walking out of the wheelchairs. He said, the move of God is just incredible. And then, and they are right in the middle of all of it. And so we, they didn't just go there to enjoy it. We as a church, we sent them on purpose. We sent them so that they can learn at the feet of these men and women of God, so that they can receive the instruction, receive the anointing and to come back here and to do here in U.S. in our city, what God has called us to do. Amen. Amen. And I'm actually going to talk a little bit about that, but that's going to come a little bit later. The importance of mentorship in our life, importance of following people that God has placed in this life, in this world, so that we can imitate, so we can, so we can follow them as they follow Christ. Like Paul says, imitate me as I imitate Christ. Amen. There are people that God places in our lives. There are people, the men of God and women of God. There are people that God raises up in places in this world so that we can follow them as they follow Christ. Amen. And then we could, we can expect the results that they have. If we faithfully follow and do what they say, we can expect the results that they have. Amen. And that's why we believe that we will see greater salvation. We will see greater miracles.  It's great to hear somebody's knees are getting well. And, you know, trust me, I had a new problem and I know how painful that is. And maybe it's as small it might be or as big it might be for somebody. That's a problem that Jesus can heal.  As we follow God faithfully, as we follow his men and women of God that he placed in this day and age, God is no respecter of person and he will honor us in our church. Amen. Amen. Open up to Romans 10 while I try to work my iPad here. Okay, let's open to Romans 10, 17 and we will talk about faith and we will talk about, of course, evangelism. This is one thing you can know for sure in this church is that every service you come, you always will hear about purpose and our purpose is to win souls and make disciples. Every single service, every single time you will hear about one thing is about the vision. Amen. Because that's what Jesus came to die for. He died and this is what he lived for and this is what we're going to live for and if we need to die. Amen. So let's open chapter 10 verse 17, but I am going to start reading from verse 13. So we kind of get a little context of what we're going to be talking about today. So verse 13, for whoever calls of, for whoever calls on the name of the Lord shall be saved. How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard and how shall they hear without a preacher and verse 15 and how shall they preach unless they're sent. Verse 17. So then faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God. So we're going to start with verse 17 and we're going to sort of kind of work backwards up up to the verse 13 that we read. Okay. So follow me verse 17 says this. So the faith comes by hearing and hearing of the word of God. What is faith? We're going to talk about faith Bible describes faith in Hebrews says the faith is simply confidence in what we hope and what we hope for an assurance of what we do not see. So faith is confidence for the things that we hope. It's pretty much faith is that confident hope that you know that whatever you face and you can overcome whatever if you're facing sickness that in his stripes I am healed a hope and confidence that God is there with you and he will heal you now faith is not in faith. So we don't just have faith in some kind of something magical something mystical something we cannot describe something just kind of this mystical thoughts. No faith is simple is not in faith but faith isn't God faith declares that even though I'm sick God is still my healer even though I am poor. He is my provider Bible says let the poor say I am rich let the sick say I'm healed let the weak say I'm strong that's what faith is and it's that assurance in which you don't see for example. There's lots of parts as faith so faith is confidence in what we hope for and assurance of what we do not see you're sure of what you do not see we can say well how can I be sure in the things that I don't see I need to see it so I can be sure of it so I'm 100% for example I see this phone and I know this phone for sure I mean you can trick me you can tell me that this is a potato you can see this is a phone and so this is a phone so how can I be sure of things that I do not see simply let's let's take something that we were very common and we were we know very well for example gravity everybody knows what gravity is right something that pulls you down you can't see gravity but you are surely confident when you're on a third floor to take the stairs instead of going off the window right so because why you have sure confidence that the gravity exists but I tell you well how are how are you sure about it show it to me I mean how do you know that that exists you just know because if you jump off the window instead of taking the stairs bad things will happen right and so this is what faith is is that is that you are you are sure that you call those things that are not as though as they are because you know who you're serving you know whose eye you're under you know who stands on your side and therefore you have the boldness and audacity to call those things that are not as though as they are and God honors that kind of attitude God honors that kind of faith and he comes through and brings those things that are not into physical reality that's what faith is so our faith is not in faith but our faith is in God because he's the one that provides things he's the one that makes things happen he's the one that does the miracle the other part that I want you to pay attention is of this this first starts this so then faith comes and a lot of times just reading and skip it but I want you to to to see that faith first of all faith is not constant faith fluctuates faith is not something that you achieve at one point or you have or you do not have it and this is all okay if you have faith and you have it if you don't you don't faith is not constant faith fluctuates let me let me give you an example it's like a gas tank it's like a gas in your tank you drive around and guess gets lower you continue to drive around you're gonna run out of it and you're gonna stop so you need to constantly refill your tank so that you can move forward and achieve the things that you're looking to achieve that do the things that you want to do go to work around your chores and do the rest of things so faith is not constant and constantly fluctuates and faith can come and faith can go so I want us to remember that faith can come and faith can go you can have faith you can have great faith you can have little faith Jesus spoke many many times he's he said that sincere and had a great faith woman that touched the woman that touched the garment of his clothes and got healed he said it's a woman of great faith we know that when disciples were down in Jesus and they were freaking out on the boat and they thought they were gonna die Jesus said oh you have little faith so they had little faith so we can see there is a different ranges of faith and Jesus there was parts in the Bible where Jesus says that you have no faith at all so you can have faith in one instance you cannot in another times you cannot you might not have faith so and write it write it down the next thing faith does not come by accident faith is intentional so if you're sitting and thinking you know that faith is some kind of a some kind of thing just one time one day that you know you're gonna have something spontaneous come over you and you're gonna have this this magical great faith that's not what happens faith is not spontaneous is not an accident faith is intentional what I mean by that we just read the word that faith comes by hearing and hearing by the word of God so Bible reveals as a principle Bible reveals as a secret that faith is something that you work towards and that comes faith comes God God is a God of principles and everything that God does he he he works through some sort of a principle and all many of those principles how God works he shows us in a Bible and he and he tells us how to obtain certain things how to have certain things how to go about different things and in order to have faith this is what God says through a possible Paul in writings of Rome and he says that faith doesn't come by accident faith doesn't just happen faith is intentional and you must work towards it by listening but not just listening listening to the right stuff listening to the word of God so if we want to walk in our lives with God because Bible says that without faith we can't please God if we want to have a close relationship with God if we want to have consistency in our prayer in our relationship with God if we want to do the things that God has called us to do if we want to achieve the dreams and the goals and the purpose that God has placed in our hearts we must have faith in order to accomplish those things with guys with God otherwise we'll struggle through life on our own while God stands on our side watching us wanting to help us but the only venue the only way he is able to help us is through faith God doesn't do anything in our life without faith faith is a doorway faith is an invitation to God to come and intervene to come and do what we want him to do faith is like a passport how many of you guys know if those of you that traveled outside of us traveled into different country you have to have a visa you have to have a passport and you have to have a visa visa from the other country that's granting you an invitation granting you an access to that country to get into the country I travel quite a bit and that's this process is very familiar to me and I'm pretty much almost ran out of that you know you have those little pages where they stamp all your all your things in and out pretty much almost ran out of it so that the concept is very familiar to me that when you go to different country you have to have an invitation you have to have visa think about this God lives in a spiritual world he lives in the spirit world and we live in a physical world we we're living in two different worlds even though they collide they live they they're inclusive but we are in different world and our faith is like a visa in our passport that allows God to come and begin to do things in our life it's like that that permissioned an invitation letter that says God come and intervene in my sickness come and intervene in my finances common intervene in my business common intervene in my family God I believe and I know you will do what you said you will do in your word and God comes and he sees that he says okay now I have a right to come and do what he's asking him to do doesn't make is it clear we must hear the word of God we must hear and hear the word of God we must feel our mind with the word of God when we fill our mind with the word of God we will begin to think the thoughts of God and to the extent that we think the thoughts of God we will be able to walk in a power of God what does that mean to the extent we will be able to think the thoughts of For example, if you're sick and you begin to feed yourself with the Word of God, that God is my healer, in His stripes I'm healed. You begin to replace the thoughts of doubt and the other thoughts with the thoughts and the promises of God. You begin to think the way God thinks that in His stripes I am healed.  Gives you power to receive your healing. Amen? So hearing the Word of God creates the Godly thoughts in our mind and Godly thoughts allow us to walk in the power of God. Your life will elevate to the level of your thoughts. And there is no higher thought that you can think than the Word of God. There is a lot of positive speakers, there's a lot of positive movements where you can get positivity, where you can get, and some of them are good, some of them, some are depending. But there's a lot of things that you can go in the world and you can begin to think positive about yourself, begin to think good about yourself. And those will help you to a certain point. Yes, it's true. God has given us ability in our mind to, when we think the right thoughts, when we think positive thoughts, to be able to accomplish certain things. But there is higher thoughts that you can think. These are the thoughts of God that are produced by hearing of God's Word. And those thoughts, they can help us to elevate our life. They can help us to live out what God has called us to live out. God, those thoughts can help us to overcome any challenges and anything that comes our way. Because Goliath, when he faced David, Goliath was not confessing defeat, right? You guys know the story of David and Goliath?  Goliath wasn't thinking low of himself. He wasn't beating himself down. He was very, very positive. You could say this was a declaration of a victor, of a strong warrior. But here comes David on a scene. And David thinks positive too, almost cocky, you would say, prideful. But the difference between Goliath and David, both are thinking positive thoughts. But David is thinking, not just positive thoughts, David is thinking God's thoughts. And those thoughts are the ones that allowed him and gave him a victory over a giant, over a warrior that surpassed David in every category. But the thoughts of victory, the thoughts of faith, they are produced in us only by the hearing of God's Word. So I want us to make a commitment today in our lives, in our personal life. Commit ourselves to the reading of God's Word. Commit ourselves to listening to the right podcasts, to the right teachings, so that it could produce in us godly thoughts, produce in us godly character, which will allow us to walk in the power of God, which will allow us to walk in victory in our life, in every situation. Good and bad times, they come to good people and bad people. Job, God himself, called them a righteous man, but yet he could not escape bad times in his life. But what allowed Job to triumph and overcome is that in his mind he had one truth that was unshakable by anything, any situation, is that my Redeemer lives, and he can redeem me from any situation, even this one. He held down to the truth. He held down to those thoughts that were from God. And sure enough, God did not fail Job. He came through and rescued him. And his life after was much better, much sweeter, much richer, much healthier, much more enjoyable than his life before. Amen. God never does anything without our faith. Can I also make the same statement is that God never does anything without your thoughts. Your thoughts, they open away out for God, but not just any thoughts. The thoughts of God, they open away to God. Amen. Amen. Amen. In Joshua 1.8, God says, meditate on this word day and night, and you will find good success. God's word never has brought anybody down. God's word, when it's genuinely received in our hearts, will produce godly thoughts, which allow us to overcome in life every situation and triumph over everything. Amen. So we're going to work backwards a little bit now. We're going to go into the verse 14. And we're going to go, says, and how shall they hear without a preacher? So not only we need to have faith, but we need to have a preacher. We need to have somebody that speaks into our life. It's so important to have right kind of mentors in your life. It's so important to have right kind of pastors in your life and leaders in your life. It's so important to have right kind of teaching in your life, because the kind of a teaching you have will determine the kind of life you eventually will have. You know that there's not every preacher is the same. Not every preacher preaches the word of God, even if he preaches from the word of God. I know it's kind of weird, but it's true. It's true. I remember one story. I was very, very young. It was back in Russia when we were missionaries, and I scarcely remember the details, but I'm just going to share the main point. I remember this one lady, and I don't know how I heard about it. I heard my parents overheard my parents talk about it, or I heard somebody else talk about it. But anyways, there's this one lady. There was two churches, two or three churches, Christian churches in our whole town. Not like here in the U.S. when I think in Tri-Cities we have 150 church on every corner. We only had, it was our church and a couple other very old, old traditional churches. And one particular woman from what I remember from the story from the other church, she was attending that church, and they had of course a pastor and preacher, many of them actually, and somehow something happened in her life. I don't know if she just kind of messed up and did something in her life, or I don't know what happened, I don't know those details, but the point is the preachers began to tell her, you condemn the Holy Spirit. Now, since you blaspheme the Holy Spirit, there is no forgiveness. Here's the scripture that, you know, any sin can be forgiven, but the sin that blasphemes the Holy Spirit cannot be forgiven. So they preached to her, they convinced her that she blaspheme the Holy Spirit.  So if that's the case, I mean she became so mental that they had to take her into the psychoclinic. I mean, things got so bad for her that they had to restrain her, because she just, I mean she was losing it, that's it. I mean, imagine knowing that for eternity you're condemned because you blaspheme the Holy Spirit, and so they taught her of that. And as far as I remember then, I think my parents got involved, my dad got involved, and they talked to her and they helped out of the situation. As far as I remember the ending of the story was positive, but the point is that not every preacher is the same. Not every teaching is the same. Every teaching has a spirit behind it. And that's why we must, first of all, we must test every teaching according to the Bible. Make sure it's the whole counsel of God. Number one thing, and number two, we must see the fruits of the spirit, the results in that minister's life or that preacher's life. What God, is God supporting their position? Is God supporting what they're preaching, what they're teaching? Or it's just mere words and there is no power behind it. It's just a theory, but there is nothing. There is no approval of God, there is no support of God in their life. It's so important to see what we listen and who we follow. I met a couple months ago, I ran into this old friend of mine. He's from a different church, let's just say. In that church, they always preach about last day's type of a thing. Not always, but a lot of times. It's not in a positive light. It's like, look how the world is sinful, this world is going to burn, and this and that, look, America is so perverted.  And Obama is this and they know that. Everybody, everybody is bad, everything is bad. And they back it up even from the scripture. And I was talking with him, I mean, well, he was talking to me. For maybe like 10 minutes telling me how this persecution is going to come and that persecution is going to come. And that's all he's talking about, this persecution and that persecution.   And I'm sure some of you have came across those things and he has scriptures to back it up and everything. And his life has nothing to show for it. Just living in anxiety and living in this constant fear. That's not what God has intended for us. You know, I started talking to him. I was like, true, I mean, what you said is facts are true. But I told him, I was like, but God said that in the last days he's not brought his spirit. The church is going to be graded and graded and ever in any other time in the Bible. If you look in Acts, you know, you see all these great things church was doing. God said that in the last days church is going to be even greater. You know, God said that he saves the best for last. And I began to, you know, share some scripture with him. And I said that God said that when sin abounds, grace will abound even more. And so I begin to begin to talk to him and begin to tell him both of us were quoting scripture, but not both of us. Not both of us were not right. One had to be right. One had to be wrong. Right. So my point is, is that when we make sure in our lives that we follow men and women of faith. And I tell you one thing about faith, faith is, faith is confident hope. And I don't know any faith that is negative. I don't know any faith that is pessimistic. I mean, how can you be hopeful and pessimistic at the same time? And Bible says if without faith it's not possible to please God.   He's going to help me.  That's how is that faith? So we must choose our teaching carefully. We must choose who will let, who we hear in our lives. In our church, we always encourage and we, we always say, you know, make sure you listen to podcasts, read the word of God, read the books of men and women of God that God is using mightily. Follow the people in your life that, follow those people that will take you to a place where God has called you. God has an individual plan for you. God has a purpose.  Some will be professional athletes. Some will be big businessmen. Some will be in politics. Some will be evangelists and pastors. Some will be stay-home mom raising kids, whatever it is. But God has anoint you for that specific purpose and God, and this is the people that we encourage you to listen. This is the people that will infuse faith in you so that you can live out, live out your purpose and you're calling what God has for you. We must select our mentors and those people that speak into us very carefully. We must observe what they teach and we must observe the fruit of their action.  They have no emotional intelligence. They have no intelligence at all, let's just say that. Not any intelligence. And this is who you're hanging out with and you have dreams to be successful and be rich. You will not become that person because anything you're going to try to do, anything you would want to do, they're constantly going to be right by your side, speaking into your life. You're going to be hearing, but you're going to be hearing not faith. You're going to be hearing doubt. Or you think you can do this? Or who do you think you are? You're one of those from our family that wants to make it. It's always been like this. It's always going to be like this. Why are you so prideful? Who are you making yourself to be? With those kind of people in life, you're not going to make it. That's why you need to surround yourself with people that can speak life into you. They can show you a way to get to the place they got. Amen? And sometimes it's not possible through personal interaction. A lot of times it will happen through podcasts, books, and videotapes and things of that sort. You heard, just a few minutes ago, you heard the testimonies of two people. And we actually have a lot more people that got healed last Wednesday. Why do you think it's beginning to happen in our church? Why do you think we're beginning to see salvation happen in our church? Why do you think we're beginning to see healings happen in our church? And time is coming where we will pray for people and they will get delivered without the anointing water. When we're going to come up in those mass prayers that we pray on Sundays and tonight, when we're going to begin to come against every evil spirit in people's lives, people will be delivered, every curses in people's lives will be broken. Why do you think that happens and will happen even more in the future? It's because our church, we surround ourselves with the ministries that happens in their ministries. One thing about a pastor, and you have to know that, a pastor from very beginning of his life, from beginning of his ministry, he was always on the lookout where God is moving. Even, I remember, as young as I, when we were missionaries in Russia, he would have tapes and he'd listen to tapes, watch people, where there's revival going on. When people get in safe, listen to them and imitate them, follow them, follow their teaching, renew their mind, forget all the old thinking and take on the new thinking. And he would always push himself. I remember when we came to the United States, there was this pastor in Ukraine Sunday at the Lodzha and he was like, you guys have to listen to him and so listen to his tapes, listen to everything he does, follow him, you know, do what he does and we were. We started doing it, we started listening to him, we started doing it. And in 2005, God just opened away and salvation began to happen in our church. People started getting saved one after another after another after another. Why? Because we were following a man that had the fastest growing church in Europe at that time. People were just getting saved by hundreds in his ministry. I mean, God really called them to soul winning and we were following tentatively. Never missed a message that he would speak and so at that time we were too young to travel by ourselves, but we followed him in that sense and pastor always encouraged us. And then something happened that man in Kiev Sunday at Lodzha things kind of went south there in his church and he kind of disappeared after raider. And then for some time we just really didn't have anybody really to follow. Here and there people were kind of like looked around, but pastor was always on a lookout. And what happened in that period when we had nobody to follow, something started happening. We stopped having salavations. Not only we stopped having salavations, people started leaving the church. Vision was lost, focus was lost because we had nothing to look at. We had no mentors, we had no image to pursue, to go after. Shortly after we begin to start following the ministry of prophet T. B. Joshua. Pastor was like, you guys have to watch it. He made all our leadership team watch it. Every service needs to be watched. Every testimony needs to be watched. He's like, you have to watch it, watch it. It was almost so annoying. I was like, man, really? I mean, okay, I would watch it if his services were like two hours or three hours like America's, but his service is like 12 hours dude. It takes me four days to go through his service and to listen to everything. And almost, I'll confess my sin, I almost was like rebellious on inside. Kind of like, oh, why do we have to listen to another guy, follow another guy? But pastor keep being persistent, he being persistent.  And then we start listening. We start following that ministry. We start going there every three or four months. We start following that ministry. And sure enough, shortly after we begin to see healings and deliverances in our ministry. And pastor was continuing to pursue him, continuing to pursue him. He knew that something was missing, people were not getting saved. And then he came across the ministry of pastor Vladimir Mantan and Keev. And he saw how people are literally getting saved by hundreds, people getting healed and getting delivered. First thing he said, guys, church is buying you tickets and you go in there and go and learn from them.  Follow those men, follow this man of God and have him pray for you. Have them, have him tell you what you need to do. Sure enough, after a couple trips, after listening to the messages and the word, listening to the teaching that God showed to this person, to that pastor, five, six, seven months later we begin to see salvation happening. And now it's been happening every single, almost every single Wednesday. People getting saved here, two, three, four people and people will get saved tonight. Amen? This is to show you the power of who you follow. The power of the preacher. He said, how can they believe if they don't have a preacher?  It might be your leader, it might be your home group leader, it might be your pastor leaders here, it might be other people in your life. But whatever area, it can be spiritual, it can be financial, it can be marital. You know how many couples get divorced? Statistics says that most of the couples that get divorced, one common thing they have is because they have people around them that are single, that's one of the biggest things. Why? Because that's all they hear, that's all they hear. Instead of being surrounded with people that are godly couples, couples that stay together, couples that know how to work through them, and they get divorced instead of working things out when hard times come. So it's so important to make sure that we follow the right people, that we have the right people around us. This is why we have home groups, this is why we have mentors, this is why so that we don't stay in one place but we move forward. Amen? Amen, amen, amen, amen. And I'm going to finish with this, time has gone by so quick. And I'm going to finish with this. Turn with me to Roman 113. Romans 1, 113, okay, 14, 13, 14, 14. I'm a deptor both to Greek and to barbarians, both to wise and unwise. So as much as I'm in, I'm ready to preach the gospel to you who you are in Rome also. So Apostle Paul here says that I am in debt to preach the gospel. I was just talking about importance that we have somebody that preaches to us and reaches the right doctrines, but I want to also tell you, like Apostle says, that I am in debt to preach myself. As our church, in our church, we strongly believe that every person is called to evangelize. Every person is called to share the gospel. Apostle Paul says that I am in debt to do it. This is how he sighed. This is why Paul was so relentless. He dedicated all of his life to preaching of the gospel. I want to tell you one thing is that God has done everything on his end in order to save this world. God has sent his son to die for us, so all our sins can be forgiven, so we can be forgiven.  God already done everything that he could do on his end. All we need to do is obey and go and do it. Paul says that I'm in debt. I see this as an obligation. When God saved me, I see this as an obligation to share the gospel. I see this as an obligation to my fellow humans, to the society, to share the gospel of the good news. Because how can they believe? We just read in Romans 10. How can anyone believe without a preacher if they don't hear the word of God? How can your family believe and get saved without you bringing the good news, without you inviting them? Paul says that I am in debt to do such a thing. Paul also, when he writes to Timothy, he says, Paul, the things that I've told you, you find other people, tell them, teach them, make sure that those people that you teach are capable of teaching others and those that they will teach, they will teach the others. Gospel was never meant for us and us alone. Gospel was always meant to be shared. We are responsible to share the gospel. We are responsible to be those preachers. Just like somebody shared the gospel with you and you're here today, you are responsible to do the very same thing. We are in debt to God for our salvation and to the people to bring the gospel. Paul did not see this as an option. Paul did not see this as an if I want to, but Paul says I'm in debt.  This is what Paul says, that I am in debt. I'm obligated to pay back what God has given me, meaning I am obligated to go share the gospel with somebody. The only way we read the verse 13, that everybody who will call upon the name of the Lord will be saved, but how can they be saved unless they're here? And God is sending you and sending me out to our families, to our schools. He's sending us to our coworkers. He's sending us to anybody who come across that we share the gospel of the good news. Amen, church? Come on, say I am in debt. Say I am in debt to share the gospel of Christ, to my family, in my school, in my neighbor, in the name of Jesus. God, when Jesus left this earth to his disciples, he didn't give no options. He said go and make disciples of all nations. Go preach the gospel and make disciples of all nations. And God says even if four corners of the earth will come to me, I will take him. God, God literally, God did everything, died for everybody, forgave them, sent the Holy Spirit and said if everybody will come, I will take him back. I want to tell you that as many people, as we share the gospel, that's as many people will be saved. It's our responsibility. If you share it with your neighbor, he'll hear it. There's a chance that he'll believe and he'll get saved. But if you don't share it, how can he get saved? So I want to encourage us, church, I want to encourage our home groups. Our home groups are not just for entertainment and only fellowship. Our home groups is to reach out those that are lost.


Legumes, by which they mean all kinds of beans, chickpeas, plopies, and lentils, are an excellent source of many essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, fibers, antioxidants, and not just an excellent source, perhaps the single cheapest source. In terms of nutrition density per penny, the four that really pull out from the pack are pinto beans, lentils, black beans, and kidney beans. And all that nutritional quality may have beneficial effects on excess body weight, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, inflammation, and oxidative stress, all major cardiovascular risk factors. So do men and women who eat more beans tend to have less heart disease? Yes, suggesting that increasing legume intake may be an important part of a dietary approach to the primary prevention of coronary heart disease in the general population, meaning prevention of heart disease in the first place. But maybe those eating more bean burritos are just eating less beef burritos. They took that into account, controlling for meat intake, fruits and vegetables, and smoking, and exercise, and still the bean eaters appeared to be protected. Note the highest category here was eating legumes four more times a week. In my daily dozen, I recommend people eat legumes three times a day. In Costa Rica, they were able to find enough people eating beans every day. And so even after controlling for many of the same things, they can take a saturated fat and cholesterol. One bean surfing a day was associated with a 38% reduction in the risk of heart attack. Yeah, but do you actually get to live longer, too? Yes, apparently so, in 8% lower all-cause mortality. Again, after adjusting for other dietary factors. You can't control everything, though. I mean, you can't really prove cause and effect until you put it to the test. For randomized, controlled, interventional trials have found that dietary bean intake does significantly reduce bad cholesterol levels. Dating back a half century to 1962, measure cholesterol levels at baseline, and then add beans to their diet, and then remove beans from their diet. And look, beans have a low glycemic index and saturated fat content and are high in fiber, potassium, plant protein, each of which independently confers blood pressure lowering effects. But whether there's sufficient evidence to emphasize beans alone to lower blood pressure is unclear. Therefore, what we need is a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials, and here it is. And what they found is that beans do indeed lower blood pressure no matter where you start out. OK, so beans may be able to prevent artery disease, but what about reversing it? Can the daily conception of beans other than soy reverse vascular impairment due to peripheral artery disease? Peripheral artery disease results from a decrease in blood flow to the legs due to a buildup of atherosclerotic plaque higher up. Yeah, soybeans may help, but what about other beans? So they had 26 individuals with peripheral artery disease who consumed one serving a day of a combination of beans, split peas, lentils, and chickpeas for eight weeks. Basically how you diagnose and follow the disease is with the ankle brachial index, which is just a ratio of blood pressure at your ankle compared to your arm. Once it dips below 0.9, that means you must have some kind of clogs in blood flow to your lower body. But eat some beans and you may get a significant increase, enough to push four of 26 participants up into the normal range after just eight weeks eating some beans. Now, there was no control group, but people tend to get worse, not better. The researchers conclude a legume-rich diet can elicit major improvements in arterial function.


All right. Welcome, everyone, to today's Webmaster Central Office Hours Hangouts. My name is John Mueller. I am a Webmaster Trends Analyst here at Google in Zurich. And part of what we do are these Office Hour Hangouts, where anyone can join in and ask any kinds of questions around websites and web search. And we can try to find some answers for you.  But as always, if any of you want to get started with a question of your own, that's been burning on your mind, feel free to jump in now. I could go ahead, I guess. All right. Take it away. This is in regards to actual sitemap handling for very large websites, 100,000 millions of URLs. And the website is in the classifieds areas. So there's a lot of new URLs popping up, like every minute, every few seconds, something like that. So obviously, there's a documentation on building a sitemap. You can update it dynamically, as you should, and then Google to let the sitemap has been updated. What do you do when that update frequency is incredibly large, and every few seconds you get a new URL or something like that, is this sitemap still a good way to notify Google of new URLs or giving that it's not a publisher? So if you cannot really use the, I'm not sure if you can use the news kind of sitemap, because I know that's also an option, but more for publishers. So what would be the best practice here? You can definitely still use a sitemap, or you can use an RSS feed. I think those are kind of the directions I would go. The one thing I would try to do is maybe split it up into parts where you have the recent content and kind of the more stable or longer form content, so that you don't have to submit all of your sitemap files every time there's a change, so that you have something like a sitemap file for the last day or for the last couple hours, and you just resubmit that one when there are updates that are happening. And then over time, when a URL stays around for longer, you can move it to one of the more stable sitemap files on your site. But essentially, you have kind of one smaller file that you submit with the regular updates. With an RSS feed, that kind of happens automatically, because the RSS feed only has the last couple updates in it. And with the RSS feed, you can push those to Google as well with PubSubHubbub or Web Push, what it's called now, to kind of send those updates a little bit faster. But that's kind of the direction I'd go. I wouldn't try to update all sitemap files all the time and just send all of them again, because that's too much work on your side. And we process all of the millions of URLs, and we only find 25 that are new. So you might as well just send us those new ones separately. OK, so what would be a good minimum frequency for these kind of new URLs? Again, giving that we might have like 50 URLs a minute or something like that, 50 new URLs a minute. I would submit them once a minute maybe, once every couple of minutes, something like that, so that you have a reasonable set, but you're not pulling Google constantly with submissions. And the other one can be once a day, the bigger one once a week. And regarding the bigger one, that will likely also have a lot of classified ads that are expiring, so they're no longer available. Is that fine if they're still in the sitemap or that day and they disappear the day after? So that's not a big problem for Google. I think especially with classifieds which have a specific runtime, I would use the unavailable after meta tag to let us know that this is something that'll be valid for the next week or whatever. And then that's something that we can take into account a little bit faster rather than having to refresh every page and then check for the no index. OK, so if you had to choose between the sitemap version and the RSS version, is there any benefit to it? I don't see any big advantage either way. No, it's like whatever is easier for you to generate. That's kind of what I would focus on. We'll try one of the versions, see how it works out. Take it from there. Thanks. Cool. John, I have a tangential question on that, particularly to the unavailable after. I work in the automotive industry and we're seeing a lot of vehicle detail pages that remain on the website long after the vehicle has sold. And then it's kind of muddying the waters because each of those product pages essentially has the brand, the manufacturer and the make, or sorry, the make and the model of each one. And so we're ranking for those make model keywords. If we were to put an unavailable after, say, a week from today, would the crawler come back and check to see if it's changed before it hits that date? And if we change the unavailable after date to then extend it, could we roll that so that? OK. That should work. I mean, you can definitely change the unavailable after date. And if we re-crawl that page then and we see that it's still there, then we'll still keep it in. So I think that might be an option. In general, though, with a lot of these things, I think you have to assume that sometimes we will try to send people to a page that doesn't exist anymore, so catching that in some kind of a user friendly way is also very important. We have redirects that go to a search result page or a soft 404 afterwards. So there is a fallback. I just want to make sure that we have the most efficient line of defense first. And then if that fails, then we have a fail safe and that it would all still be customer kind of approved and friendly. That sounds good. Cool. Hi, John. Arnoldo here. Hi. How are you? Colin, in relation with the case we have opened for IKEA in a previous session or agency in Germany, they contact you through this forum. So now we are in a process of cleaning out basically a lot of old content. We are just doing a cleanup. But we still see that Google ignored the German language version and ranked the Austrian. And then in Search Console, we see also that the referral pages are like third party external spammy domains, which is weird. And that is the behavior that we see. But we've been doing basically checking all the basic stuff. We still see that Google don't catch the German version yet. Now, sometimes these things take a while to settle down. So especially if there used to be or if there still is the same content in the same language on multiple URLs, then it can happen that we pick one of the country versions as the canonical and we show that one in the search results. But I think I looked at it with the team after the last Hangout where this was mentioned. And it sounded like that's something that the team is looking into to see if we can speed that up in general so that it doesn't last this long for sites in the future. Yeah, I understand. Thanks. The other behavior that we see is that Google is actually showing on SERPs like old platform, like URLs like sites that we migrated since two years ago and then also back in March, we did another migration. So it looks like you guys keep these old URLs as a fallback or why is that happening? I don't know which exact URLs you're looking at. But in general, there are two main reasons when this happens. On the one hand, when the canonicalization from our point of view is not completely clear, so if we're not perfectly sure which one of these URLs from the set of pages that we think belong together is the right one to show, then that's something where we might pick one which you think is like an older one or that we shouldn't have picked. And that's something where we use a lot of different signals to try to figure out which of these pages to show. And sometimes if those signals don't match, then we have to kind of make a judgment call or rather our algorithms do that. So that's the one thing. And the other time that I see this happening fairly frequently is if you explicitly look for the old content. So I don't know if that's what you're seeing. But for example, if you move from one domain to another and you do a site colon query for the old domain or you search explicitly for the old domain or the old brand name or something like that, then we'll still show you the old domain even though we've moved everything over to the new domain. And that's something that can happen for, I think, several years going forward from the past where if you search for something that has moved a couple of years ago and we think you're explicitly looking for that, then we'll try to show it to you because we're trying to be helpful. But from kind of an SEO point of view, from an analytics and tracking point of view, you don't want Google to be helpful. You want to see the kind of new thing. But that's sometimes the confusing setup that happens. And if they're redirect setup from the old one to the new one, then even if users see the old one in search, they'll make it to the new one. And it's not that the ranking would be any different if we pick the new URL by default. Would you recommend right now we have the hreflang implementation on the side maps? Would it help to have it on the page? Or it would not make any difference? It wouldn't make any difference. If we see it in the sitemap and it's the right URLs in the sitemap file, that's exactly the same from our point of view as if it's on the page. OK, perfect. Thanks. Sure. I'll keep joining here and see how this developed. Thank you for your answers. Thanks. John, in a space where you've switched domains, would clearing the cache then remove those index pages from the previous domain? No. So I assume you mean removing the cache tool in Search Console? Yes. Yeah. Now, that wouldn't change anything. That's basically it just hides the cache page from the search results and removes the snippet. It wouldn't change anything from the indexing side. In general, the URL removal and the cache update tool, they don't change anything from indexing. They just try to apply a band-aid in the search results when someone searches for it. OK, would removing the old domain completely shutting it down then remove the results for the domain? Yes. It would remove those results, but it would also prevent you from getting any of the traffic if we accidentally sent people to the old domain. So that's something where I would recommend just keeping the redirect up. And that's something over time we'll pick that up. The tricky part I've seen is when you change your domain name and people used to search for your domain name specifically because maybe the domain name is almost like a part of your brand, then those are cases where if someone searches for the old domain name, we'll still show the old domain name. But if you look at the Cache page for that URL, then oftentimes you'll see we've actually indexed the new version. We're just showing the old URL in the search results because we think that's what people were looking for. Does it maintain the old metadata, the old description, or will it appropriate the new domain title and description? Yeah, it takes everything from the new domain. So if we've switched indexing to the new one and we just show the old URL, then all of indexing is based on the new one. The ranking is based on the new one, all of that. So it's really just the URL that's shown in the search results. OK, let me run through some of the submitted questions. And if you have more questions along the way, feel free to jump on in. Hopefully we'll have some time towards the end as well to go through some other live questions. So some of these are pretty long. I'll try to shorten them a little bit. The first one is we have over 3,000 articles in our help section. And we want to make them available in 25 languages. Would using the Cloud Translation API hurt our website? So of course, we'd use the Translation API markup and warnings. Would these articles be considered low quality? Is that too many articles? We can't do this manually. So first of all, I was not aware of the Translation API markup. I looked that up. That was pretty interesting to see. That's kind of a lang attribute that you can add to the pages or to elements on a page when they're machine translated, which helps our systems to understand that this is actually machine translated content. We shouldn't use it to learn further translations. So that's pretty cool. So from a purely technical point of view, there's a bit of a split, I would say, within Google with regards to what we'd recommend doing there. On the one hand, from the webmaster guidelines point of view, we might consider this to be automatically generated content. And we'd say, well, you shouldn't allow automatically generated content to be indexed, especially if it's lower quality content. I think with machine translation, it's kind of reaching a point where machine translations are actually pretty good. And it's no longer the case that machine translated content reads like gibberish. And you can barely guess what the meaning is. But actually, it's fairly reasonable translation. So from that point of view, you could argue either way and say, well, this kind of content is reasonable enough for me to stand behind as something that I would publish on my website. And in that case, that might be an option for you to say, well, I'll take these and run it over the articles that I have and generate it for the languages that I think are important for our users. That might be something to take a look at. On the other hand, especially when we look at the quality of a website overall, we do look at the quality overall. And if you're taking 100,000 articles and you're running translations and 25 languages over it, then it's going to be really hard for you to confirm that the quality that you're generating like this is actually high enough that you'd be able to stand behind it and say, well, this is what I want my website to be known for. So that's something where I would take this step by step and think about it incrementally, try things out, test some languages where you have testers who can help you to double check that the localization is really actually useful translation and not just like you can kind of guess what the meaning is translation. And if you can determine that those languages for specific articles on your website are actually pretty good, then that might be something you'd want to set to be indexable. On the other hand, if you're really unsure if this is something that you want to have indexed for your website to kind of stand behind, then that's something where maybe you'll set it to no index or you'll use just the JavaScript widget so that it doesn't generate any separate pages for your website. So that's something where there isn't this by default behavior that we would say, oh, if you use this kind of translation, then we'll think your website is really fantastic. But really, you need to double check that yourself. And that's something that's sometimes a bit hard to do. So just blindly going and saying, I have 100,000 articles and I want 25 languages and hitting the button to generate all of those, that's probably not the right approach. But rather, you want to take this step by step and make sure that you're actually creating something that is useful for your users that doesn't come across as gibberish, where if they come to your website and they see this localized version, they're like, this doesn't make any sense. This website is more like spam rather than actually something reasonable. Our website focuses on troubleshooting and I often find links getting posted on forums with foreign language or non-English forums. They're all relevant posts. Is it negative in the eyes of Google? The language on my website is 100% English. So that might be perfectly fine just because people in other languages are referring to your content doesn't mean that that's necessarily bad. I think in general, that's actually a good sign. If you're creating something so useful that people refer to it, even if it's not in their own language, then that's usually a good sign. So from that point of view, I wouldn't worry about this, but rather see it as a kind of a positive thing. It might even be something where you go further and say, well, lots of people in these specific languages are referring to my content. Maybe I can do something on my website to cater my content better to them even. But it's definitely not something where you'd look at it and say, well, these links are coming from foreign websites. Therefore, I need to disavow them or I need to block them somehow. It's perfectly fine and natural to get links from all kinds of websites. It's more of a measurement question in Search Console. We have a client that has a redirection based on IP. So when someone searches for their brand, they will be redirected to sometimes even a different domain than the one showing in the search results. Where is the click counted? Where is it counted? So if we show something in the search results, then we would track that there in Search Console. So Search Console itself wouldn't know what happens after someone clicks on a page in the search results. In analytics, you might see that differently. If you're tracking kind of the user-facing analytics, then that might be different. But in Search Console, that would refer just to what we show in the search results and which ones people clicked on there. OK, the problem is that the search term is HBO and we're working with HBO Nordics. The first result when you search for HBO from Sweden is HBO.com. We think most of the users clicked there, but Search Console data shows over 50% click-through rate on the Nordic domain, the HBO Nordic domain. So it feels kind of strange to have people clicking on the second result when the first one is what they're searching for. Is it possible that it's double counted on? No, that shouldn't be double counted or anything like that. I don't know the query and which languages you're seeing this in, but what can sometimes happen is that we show an English search result for something generic like that, as well as a local search result. And it might be that users are just seeing, oh, this English result and kind of the result in my own language, and they click on their own language version. Because it's kind of tricky with a query like HBO where we wouldn't be able to tell which language the user is actually searching. Yeah. OK. Sure. That might also be something where using hreflang would help you, because then we would be able to take the user's language settings and try to show the right version of that site. And that's something that you could do, for example, just for the homepage or separately for the homepage from the rest of the site, so that four queries which are very generic, we'd be more likely able to show the version that matches the user's language directly. OK. Thanks. Sure. All right. And now kind of a structured data question, or I guess a tricky one. So when you search for a half dome tent, the top result is the old product page, which includes a call out to kind of see the new version. And there's also a canonical on that page pointing to the new version of the product. And I think the question kind of goes into would using structured data in any way help to kind of show the newer version rather than the older version. And I took a quick look at some of the URLs that are involved with this. And essentially, what is happening is, on the one hand, we struggled to see the connection between the old URL and the new one because it's not that clear of a situation that these URLs are exactly the same content. So that's something for, from canonicalization, we're kind of unsure if these actually belong together. And the other part that's coming together here is that for canonicalization, we use a number of signals. So we do use the rel canonical on the page, which is something that's specified well here. But we also use things like internal linking, external linking, sitemap files, all kinds of other sources as well. And I assume if you take a URL that is fairly well established and you create a second URL with a product that kind of replaces the first one, then that established URL is going to remain visible in the search results for quite some time until we've really learned that the new URL is kind of the better version for these kind of search results. So that's something where structured data probably wouldn't change anything there, so in particular, using something like successor of or predecessor of, that wouldn't change anything from our point of view. It's really just that canonicalization decision where we have a lot of kind of collected signals for the old URL and not really a ton of good signals for the new URL. And we struggle to connect those two completely. One thing you could do is redirect from the old version to the new one. That would help us to figure this out a lot faster. But at the same time, if you want the old product to remain available in the sense that if people search for the old product, they can find replacement parts or kind of find manuals, those kind of things, then you don't want to completely remove the old product. The solution that we generally recommend for this general kind of problem where you have one product and then you have a replacement for that product is to reuse the old product URL for the new product and move the old product content to kind of an archive section. That way, you kind of build upon the success of your old URL and you add the new content there, kind of the new product, the new product description, new pricing, or whatever you have. And you still have the old product information and you just move the old product information to an archive section where it's a little bit less visible, kind of less strongly shown in the search results because it's a new URL. So that's kind of the general situation or general direction that we would head with something like this. I imagine for e-commerce sites that's really kind of tricky because it's hard to kind of move one product to an archive section and reuse the old URL with maybe an article ID and things like that that are associated with it. But that's generally the direction that we would go. We would also use this for recurring events. So if you have something like a yearly conference, then instead of creating new URLs for every year, then have instead use one stable URL for the conference and move the previous years to an archive section. So that kind of in both of these situations, you're building a stronger and stronger URL for the persistent version for that product.  And structured data, I don't think structured data would play a role here at all. So using kind of this setup with regards to structured data of kind of like saying, well, these are connected like this, that's not something that we would use at all for this kind of canonicalization or figuring out which one of these URLs is the one to show at the moment. Thank you, John. Sorry, go ahead. I actually wanted to ask a structured data question. I thought I put it in the comments and I'm not seeing it anymore. So I noticed that some of the Google structured data requirements can be a little bit more requirements there than what schema.org requires. So I work for an educational institution and we want to have content structured data around that talks to our degree programs, especially for use in Google colleges and universities. But I noticed that in the structured data list, there really doesn't seem to be a good type for full degrees. In fact, some of your structured data types specifically say it's not for full degrees. Do you have any recommendations there, especially given that sometimes when we test out some of the schema.org structured data types, we get notifications from Search Console that, hey, this thing is not parsable because it's not actually Google's structured data type. Yeah. So I don't know specifically about that kind of structured data, but in general, it's certainly the case that within schema.org, there's a lot more structured data that's available. And we only take a small subset of that and use that directly for the rich results and the search results. If you use other parts of schema.org, which we wouldn't use in the rich results, we would still try to understand that. But it's not that we would show it in any particular way in the search results. So kind of going past what we would use directly is certainly an option. But I think for the most part, you wouldn't get any visible effect from that. So that's kind of the starting point there. Within the structured data testing tool, I believe the structured data testing tool sticks a little bit stricter or aligns more with the schema.org markup. And the rich results test is really based on how Google would show that in the search results. So it only uses a subset of kind of the general structured data that we would find. With regards to which one to best use in a case like yours, I don't know offhand. So many different types. But I would generally try to, first of all, see if there's a type that is actually shown in the search results that matches what you're trying to achieve. And then focus on that, which would be what we would have documented in the developer documentation for search. And if there's nothing there that works for you, then you can use the schema.org markup. But I wouldn't expect a lot of visible results from that. So in particular, we'd use this to better understand those pages. But if we can already understand that this is kind of like a course or there's information about an educational setup thing here, then that's something we probably already have that information. And we don't need a lot more information about that to be able to show those pages in search, because we're already mapping them to the right queries. Whereas if it's kind of ambiguous, then that's something where extra structured data helps us a little bit. Yeah. I think I was really thinking about it, especially in terms of Google Colleges and universities, assuming that there would be a heavier reliance on structured data for that application within Google. And I didn't know if that was something that, in my research, I haven't found anything that specifically says yes, but I kind of made that assumption that that would be used moving forward. I don't know. So the tricky part is I think that's something that we only show in the US. So that's something where I don't see them in search, and it's really hard to get some firsthand experience with that. But I don't know exactly how we would show that or where we would get that from. But that's something where if it's not documented in our developer documentation, then I'd assume that we don't use the structured data there directly. Great. Thank you. Sure. OK. Is it true? Oh, go for it. Me hi. I have a quick follow up to that example you gave earlier with the products being the same URL being reused for products that get out of stock and things like that, events. I was also thinking about how you would apply that to the classified sites example I gave earlier. Would you be able to do something similar, keeping that most URLs are being created by actual users? So it's user-generated content. But it's likely that a lot of ads are very similar in what they have to offer. So when one expires, would it be possible to maybe redirect or use a URL canonical to add an ad from different users that basically sells the same product or service? Would that be a good idea? I think that might be a bit confusing for users, but having something like tag pages or category pages, that seems like something that would work better. Where if you have a category page for this brand of car and you swap out the classified ads that you have, so that this category page remains relevant for the long run, then that's something that we could probably pick up on and use like that. But for the individual classified ads, that seems tricky to determine that connection. So it's very easy to say, oh, based on this one keyword and the old classified and the new one, I would just redirect it to something else. I could imagine that gets a bit confusing. That could be. So having sort of listings or category or tag pages is probably a better way to kind of target those type of ads. John, a question for you about linking from those category pages and putting a relational tag on the links themselves. Because it's user-generated content, would you recommend putting the UGC relation from the category page to the actual description page, or is the UGC tag irrelevant? I wouldn't use it there, because you're kind of linking to your own content. And within the classified ads of users' ad links, then that's something where I'd use the rel UGC. So it's not kind of for situations where you're linking to user-generated content, but rather where the user-generated content links to other places. Great, thank you. OK. And now an HTML5 question. Is it true that HTML5 semantic tags, like main, article, et cetera, are very important? One SEO expert said that HTML5 structure is used by Google for fast understanding of the page content before analyzing hundreds of other factors. So we do try to understand the structure of a page, but we can understand the structure of a page in lots of different ways. So it's not that HTML5 section tags are something that we would use specifically when it comes to SEO. And it's not that you have a ranking advantage over other sites if you use things like main or article elements within your pages. So I think it's good to use proper HTML in general so that it's a clear page. It works well on lots of browsers. It works well for users with disabilities. But it's not something that, from an SEO point of view, we would take into account. And one of the reasons why this is sometimes, this is kind of the case, is that these technical details are things that users often don't even notice. And it wouldn't make sense for us to rank pages based on things that are essentially not noticeable by users in that sense. So that's something where you might load a page and it uses an old table-based layout and it hasn't been updated in 10 years, but it's still the right content, relevant content for the query that you are looking for. It wouldn't make sense for us to say, well, this other page has content that's kind of OK as well. And it uses HTML5 properly. Therefore, it must be a much better result for users. That's definitely not the case. So I think it's good to focus on clean HTML. It makes things a lot easier for your site in general. But I wouldn't see this as a primary SEO ranking factor in that if you're struggling with ranking, you need to fix your HTML markup, because in general, that's not going to change anything when it comes to ranking. Oh, wow, a long question, I think, with regards to purchasing website. Can you explain the situation that happens when you purchase an established website, merge most of the content into your existing website, and then 301 from the purchase websites pages to the migrated content? In principle, I would have thought that the final single website would be some of its parts. However, I've assumed that this is maybe far from the case. So in general, moving from one domain to another is something that's fairly straightforward in that we can take all of the old signals and forward it to a new domain. That's kind of the simple part of a site move. Similarly, if you move from HTTP to HTTPS, that's something we can just take everything one to one and pass it on to the next setup, the next domain, kind of the next protocol version. That's essentially the straightforward type of site move. But as soon as you do things like restructuring a website within the same website, like merging multiple websites into one website, splitting one website into multiple separate websites, that's where it gets a lot more complicated. That's where essentially our algorithms have to reprocess the whole website and understand what is this new website that we have or these new multiple websites, if it's split into multiple websites. And how do they fit in with regards to the rest of the general ecosystem on the web? How should we understand how relevant some of this content is? Which of these pages can be understood a little bit better with the new configuration? Which of these pages might be harder to understand with the new configuration? And that's a process that can take a significant amount of time. So in general, if you're looking at various changes on a website and one of the options is, oh, I will restructure everything or I will merge multiple websites or split one website into multiple websites, then it's good to keep in mind that those are long term changes that will take a lot of time to be reprocessed. You might see this as something that kind of slowly goes from one state into the other. You might also see it as something where it's like we start to see this complete restructuring and then we say, oh my god, everything is different. We have to be careful here and try to understand this new website first, where you see a significant dip until we're able to kind of stabilize on a new kind of better understanding of the website in general. So that's something which is really hard to predict ahead of time how these things will happen. I think it's just important as a site owner that if you're considering any of these options, that these are things that will take a lot of time and where you may see significant changes in fluctuations until things settle down into a more stable state. And that stable state doesn't necessarily mean that it'll be the same as before in that if you restructure a website significantly within the same website, you might see better results later on, because you have a cleaner structure. Similarly, you might see worse results, because maybe the new structure is worse. If you merge multiple websites, it might be that you have kind of a stronger visibility in the search results. But it might also mean that you're merging multiple things and they're kind of merging in ways that are clashing with each other, which are resulting in kind of a similar search visibility to before, where you had multiple websites showing. Now you have one website showing, but it's kind of shown a similar way in the search results. So this is something where it's really hard to predict ahead of time what exactly will happen. And it's definitely not the case that you can just blindly assume that this one plus that one will equal the new one, because you're creating a completely new website, which we have to essentially understand completely first. So that's something where I'm not saying nobody should do these kind of moves. Sometimes you have to do them just because things are changing within your business. But it's good to kind of be cautious about these kind of moves, and especially to see this as something that you don't want to do just to try it out and see what happens. So if you're aware of one of these moves needing to be done in the future, then try to kind of do that in one step so that you have everything moved over to the final state so that you don't run into a situation where, like, oh, I will merge everything first, and then I will split it off again, and then maybe I'll restructure part of this again, because all of those individual changes, they will require a significant amount of time on their own. So ideally, try to find the stable approach that you can keep for the long run and focus on moving things over to that. Is Zulu time for a news site map OK? So particularly with regards to publication date, so Zulu time is if you have a Z at the end of the time, which is essentially, I had to look it up, it's kind of what is it, GMT time, so essentially a specific time zone, which it refers to. From our point of view, using a specified time zone, like if you have plus and then a number of hours or minus and a number of hours is fine. Using the Zulu time is also fine. Those are both well-defined time formats that work well for us, so they're equivalent from our point of view. The examples that you have in the question are not quite equivalent because they're different times and different days. But essentially, you can use either one of these formats. You can also use some URLs with the Zulu time, some with the offset. That's totally up to you. The one thing I would watch out for here is to try to be as consistent as possible so that you don't end up in a situation where you specify one time in the site map and use a different time zone on the pages themselves. So that's something that we sometimes see, especially when it comes to news content on the pages themselves in the news article. You can also specify a time. If you specify the wrong time zone in one of these places, then we'll be kind of conflicted. Or if you specify the time zone in one of the places and you don't specify the time zone in the other place, then that's also one of those situations where we don't perfectly know what you need. So if you're using any way of specifying the time zone, then I would make sure to be consistent across your website so that it's really perfectly clear to us when we look at your pages. This is the exact point in time that you're referring to. Not that we have to guess like, oh, the server is located in this place. Therefore, probably they mean this time zone. So we'll guess that that's the case. Really kind of be as clear as possible if you want to specify something like this. We use Data Studio for several recordings. And now we recognize that URL impressions plus click through rate, and sometimes not even URL clicks sum up as visible in Search Console. How is this possible? What are we doing wrong? Is it possible to get the correct data in Data Studio? So I think there are a few things that are possibly happening here. It's hard to say exactly what you're seeing. So on the one hand, the fresh data currently isn't visible in the APIs and appropriately not in the Data Studio. I think that's also based on the API. So if you're looking at things from today that happened in the last week, for example, in the Performance Report in Search Console, then that would not match what you would see in the API. We're looking at ways that we can add the fresh data to the API as well in ways that don't confuse the consumers of the API. Because one of the tricky parts with the fresh data in Search Console is that this is data that's not really finalized yet, where it might be that we have to clean things up. And that's something that happens in the pipelines along the way. So sometimes you'll see the fresh data shows this many clicks and impressions for a period of time. If you look at that a few days later, you'll see a different number there. That's just because that data has been finalized at that point. And if we were just to blindly inject the fresh data into the API as well, then all of those people who are always trying to get the newest data with the API, they would be working with the fresh data, which could end up in situations where that data has even stronger mismatch to what is shown long-term in Search Console. So we're trying to find a way to make that a little bit easier. The other thing to keep in mind is that the aggregation of the counts that are shown above the table in the performance reports and the individual rows, which are shown, are aggregated separately. So it can happen in situations where the count on top is slightly higher than the count if you add up all of the rows. Sometimes that's due to the privacy filtering. Sometimes that's just due to the way that we aggregate the data. In general, the higher count is the more accurate one. So if you see a higher count in the sum above, then that's the one that I would focus on. If you see a higher count in the rows shown below, then that's what I would focus on. But that's something where the different aggregation methods that are used in Search Console, they can be a bit confusing in the UI. Sometimes we regularly have people ask us about that. But they're certainly also confusing if you're using the API and comparing the API results to one of those sets, either the numbers on top or the rows that are shown. So that's something where you might see differences because of that. That's actually a good official support article on how aggregation works, the property aggregation versus page aggregation if you take the rows and just look at the pages. So I found that to be useful as well. Oh, yeah, definitely. That's the other point, which also makes it tricky. Like the property and the URL and the query aggregation are sometimes a little bit different as well. It gets really hard when you have a lot of data. And all of these aggregations, they become pretty tricky, especially for larger sites. And one place where I've seen the differences more visibly is if you have a larger site and you look at a very small section of that site, then because those small numbers are a bit out of the aggregate from the larger site, you might see bigger percent-wise changes there. Oh, wow, we're kind of running towards the end of time. So I'll maybe shift things over to questions from you all before I have to jump out of the room here. Hi, John. Just a quick question about URL inspect in Google Search Console. The thing here is that because we actually have been through a couple of migration, so we take the same product URL and tested it. And then we found out that the current page that we have live doesn't have any canonical URL from Google. But the rest are pointing to a URL that doesn't really exist. So what is pointing to URL? So it's pretty much the same URL that is live without a trailing slash. So it gets a 301 redirect. So we don't really know how Google come about in picking that URL to start with, because it's never used on the site. I don't know. It's hard to say without looking at a specific example. If you want to copy the URL into the chat here, I can take a look at that afterwards. Yeah, sounds great. Yeah, I can do that. OK, cool. Yeah, super. And just a very quick question, another one. On referring page also in URL inspect, so we noticed that we are getting a referring page from a different domain that seems like a spammy domain that are redirecting a couple of times to our page. And Google actually referred that as the referring page. Shouldn't Google only pick the referring page than our domain only? No, if we can pick up a URL from other sources, we might show that too. But it's not going to be the case that this is negatively affecting your website, because it's like some spammy domain that's linking to your website, but rather it's just we happened to have initially found the URL there, and we started crawling from there. So it's not a sign of any kind of quality issue there. It's more from a technical point of view, we found it, and we picked up on it and tried to index it like that. OK, but if we disavowed it, for example, then it wouldn't change anything for those URLs that we've already seen. Because once we've seen URLs from your website, and we've indexed them and noticed that we can index them, then we'll continue to try to index them. If you disavow it, it basically just tells us we shouldn't be passing any signals to that URL. But from purely an indexing point of view, from the inspect URL point of view, that would probably remain there. All right, then you have things. Hello. Hi. Yes, I'm running a movie website, and we've been working with the shima.org review for quite some time. And it worked for like two or three years. But after the recent Google update, we keep getting warnings in our Google Search console that the review item is not supported, even if the markup is correct in the rich results test. And I was just wondering before we changed 900 reviews, what should we do? Is there any thing for movie websites that are not selling anything, but are just reviewing movies? I don't know, offhand. But I do know, with regards to the, I believe it's a review markup, or one of the other types of structured data markup, we started sending out more warnings about situations where we see that websites are using it incorrectly. So it's not that there is going to be a manual action. We're going to block these. But more, it's just, well, this isn't aligned with our guidelines. So we want to let you know that this currently isn't supported like that. And I would focus on the documentation that we have on the developer's guide and see if there is a type that matches what you're doing. But I don't know if there would be anything specific for movie sites, for example. OK. Thank you very much. Sure. All right. I need to take a break here. Someone waiting for the room. So thank you all for joining in. The next one in English I think will be on Friday. And on Thursday, we have another one in German lined up. So if you're keen on joining, feel free to jump in there. Thanks again for dropping by and hope to see you in one of the future ones. Bye, everyone.