This video is brought to you in part by TrueTech Tools. Quality Tools, essential support. Alright guys, so it's Saturday and we have a problem call here at the grocery store. Things are warm. I know half the control system's not been finished yet. They started several months ago. So you can't pull it up on the computer. So we had to make the trip up here and we're going to go see what's going on. Now, unfortunately, she made it sound like there's several areas going down, which usually means a catastrophic leak of some sort. People don't know how to drive. This hit me. I'm in your way. So this section here has had problems multiple times. Tends to freeze up. I went through here. We've had screens getting plugged up solid. I've got airflow. That's what's disturbing. We don't have any ice there. Now, this here is all on it too. Newer cases. They came out of another store. I do see some ice down here. The problem with that is it's not really on the controller yet. So they've yanked this down here. Well, to get to that because these geniuses put it down below there. Now the nuts hidden underneath that pipe. Only way to get to that nut that's directly underneath this is to get in there with the claw wrench and get it going. Coil's clean. What's going on here? It's going back here and see what's going on. See what this panel is trying to say. Because they're not completely used to the system yet. Let's go up here and talk to the manager. I don't know. It's just sections of it too. It's not even. Yeah, they're saying 20 foot lunch meat. Now this here is okay though. Yeah. And not really. Let's go on up here and see what we can do. Oh, this is where we were at when they lost power. Unfortunately, like I said, they've got all these nice control systems here, but not hooked up.  So this clock here, the gang clock thing, it's the last one we got. It's half set up ready to go. But unfortunately, it's still not been done yet. And like I said, it's been months. Something weirdo going on there. This one definitely is low. Heat reclaims locked out, which means you don't have enough refrigerant. You've got to have at least, you know, 10 there. Go over here to this. Now this one here, they actually got rid of the gang clocks.  If I pull this back, you'll see it's at 40%. Well, it's been at 40% for a long time. I had to put a black thing across it. And we talked about a cool lesson. Filter getting plugged up and blown apart. Well, this one happened once again, 814. So that was a disaster. We can look at the sight glass, which I can see refrigerant flying through kind of, but I don't know if it's really the velocity that it should be. So there's no way to know how much refrigerant you got in this. This is stuck on this one. Actually, yeah, this one here, the walk-in, this shows alarms. It's got alarms on all of it. Walk-in, grocery, they must not have this tied together somehow. Bakery walk-ins warm, 32 foot islands warm, 25 foot grocery walk-ins warm. It's making me think it's low on refrigerant. You know, I'm not asking for a lot. It would just be nice to have a working level so you know how much refrigerant you got. Something about they couldn't find it or just something weird, I don't know. And I believe they just changed this compressor, which is not running. I don't remember if this is actually controlling it, unless the old CPC here is controlling it. New contact, yeah, it's not pulled in. So that one's not pulled in yet. So that one's not running. Suction pressure says 28. We have 29 there. So they must have finally got that hooked on there. Condenser, 226. Let's go function, 32 inner, 203. It shows 230. Unfortunately, it's really looking like we may need to add some refrigerant to this one, possibly the other one too. Oh, we got an oil failure here. Look at that, on three, 123. Looks nice in the middle there to me. It's not running. That would definitely cause some issues because as you can see, that's one of the bigger compressors. Either way, we got that one's tripped. Let's go ahead and see if we can reset it. The oil here, like I said, is freaking filthy. You know what our pressure is.   It's very frustrating. I don't know if they're controlling the fans yet yet either because I don't think the fans are on this yet. I mean, they say they're on, but I'm pretty sure they're not. There's condenser fans, no boards, no outputs are turned on from what I see. But those fans aren't really controlled by it. Unfortunately, we've had a lot of issues with the fans because they're up there right now, not really well controlled. Graph it. This all started happening earlier. Crap is this been going on for a while and nothing was said, but she's not seeing it supposedly in there on her thing, which I don't know, maybe it's not hooked up yet. Would not surprise me if these screens on the oil and stuff like that are not all jacked up. There we go. All right, we're running 70 pounds of pressure. Our suction pressure is running around 23. So 23 minus 73. See, it just dropped a little bit. So 33, 43, 53, 63, 73. We're about 50 pounds. So we technically have pretty good pressure. What caused that? Is it a failing control? Who knows? We've got a Centronic here that's newer. That one was just replaced, I believe. They put a date on it. I know you're watching this, so I'm going to point it out. No date on the contactor either. Not a huge deal. It's just, you know, something you ought to do. Okay, that temperature is dropping pretty good. So it is dropping, but we're going to let that go for a bit. This one here, I'm still a little concerned about the refrigerant level on it. Medium temp was not one of their main concerns at first. Yeah, don't look back here. That needs replaced. So this sight glass is a little easier to see. You can see we've got lots of bubbles going 100 mile an hour.  A lot going on. Just trying to get a grasp on what's going on. All right, so we're up here on top. Check the condensers out.  They're coming in hot. These do not split because they didn't put that in back. When it was installed, it's going out cold. This one's not even hot enough to make the fans run. All right, I thought I replaced some contactors. Those two there are new contactors. The other ones I think were already changed. That one works. That one works. Yeah, it's a metal tool. That one works. That one. So all our fans work, that's good. They're basically being controlled off outdoor temperature. It's really a bad setup. So we know we ain't got nothing going on down here, which I didn't figure, or up here. I didn't figure it would be the case, but I wanted to wipe it out as a possibility. This is the other one that we just looked at. The hit came on while we were down there. Don't see any burnt wires. Everything seems to be okay. Yeah, whatever. I mean, this is a, yeah. 32 degrees out here. It's a really nice day actually. I would figure that would be warmer than that. So kind of leading me down that road of, yeah, you're probably low on charge. Like I said, no level indicator to go off of. So all I got is that sight glass, and I've got sight glasses that flash all the time that we're just fine because of how these, these, some of these racks are constructed. I don't know why it does it, but they just do. And I've been told it's not a big deal, which that's being told to me of people that work here forever. Oil wise, we're looking a little shoddy there. Pringster check and pressure differentials. Max was 13 on this one. None of the other ones had oil issues and none of them seem to be low. Now this small one here, that oil level is way high. I don't know why. We've already taken two of them out of alarm already. Come back over here to the medium temp here. I went ahead and went into the one that was alarming at 38, put it up to 43 with a one hour delay. So here's the deli cooler, expanded info. It was at 45, limit exceeded 46. So that one's already set up pretty high. None of this is tuned in yet. So you really, and honestly, all these set points mean nothing. You can't do anything with those set points. Why? Because you have a sort valves back here doing all the controlling. There is no liquid solenoids on any of this. So the point is, is try to maintain a certain saturated suction temperature. That way it's steady temperature across the board. Only time this thing is deenergized or energized when it's going into a hot gas defrost, which we only have two of them here, which is right here and here, which is 10 and nine. Rest of them are all timed off defrost. So when you want to remotely adjust it, you can't. Now this one has hot gas defrost on pretty much every circuit all the way across. Some of them have just regular suction stops. And then you have the actual sort valves, but honestly, since it's running low temp, half the time it's cranked down anyway. There's your fan cycle control. It's very primitive, but that's what they had at the time. Then you have your heat reclaim valve here. This is going to go to the hot water heater, comes up and goes over to there. All right, we're going to pull that off. Let's check, see what our pressure is here. This is after the coalescent filter, which is an oil separator that has a filter media in it. 235 is what we're running right there. Looks a little bit. All right, so we're 237 right here. 235, so 235 over here we are 230. So we really don't have any pressure drop at all. Usually these gauges have been pretty accurate.  So we got 205 there, and I was reading higher over there with that same gauge. We've got 202 here, so it's still once again, swapping them back and forth. See what I'm saying? It's measuring the same. Now I would figure if we had blow-by going on, we would be pretty hot down here in the bottom. It's warm, but I would say probably 110. Suction coming back is not, you know, it's cold, but we're back here. The motor's fine. Get to the sun pump. That's not bad there. You can do this with a thermal camera. Go to the front. It's not too bad. All right, so we came back over here and look at this one. We had an oil failure on one, which now has just disappeared. So it came back again. Oil failure on one. We do at least have 10% now. It does not feel like it's running. Let's go ahead and check that contactor. No, it is not, but it's not calling for it either. That was an oil failure. That's great. So now we can think with that. Sweet. Lots of work to do. This is down to 55 psi. All right, finally got one of the Vito bags here for carrying all my goodies in here. This is the CTXL Protect Tools. Got it. I had my own strap already, which kind of came in handy, but look at this. I was able to carry my oil up here. Got two of those. One was half full. So I got that. I got my funnel if I need it. This thing can form into anything. Just got some jumbo wrenches, which, you know, come in handy getting that out of there. I didn't have to grab my big socket and then I got my pump and stuff.   Let's go ahead and get this screen checked out. So we're going to go ahead and shut this one down. Since it's not on the rack, I mean, we literally could just kill the compressor by as simple as that right there. Now we're going to go ahead and valve this thing off. Then we're going to take the refrigerant, get it back into the rack, valve it off. You get the rest of the pressure off of it and do our thing here.   That way you get in with the notifications so you guys will know when I release these videos. Obviously the rack stuff's a little newer for me. I've done it for a while, but never quite a bunch of it. So you're going to see me take a little longer. You're going to see me, you know, do a lot of things, possibly miss a few things. It's just the way it is when you're learning and I'm taking you along for the ride basically. It was 730 seconds for that oil pot. So it's closed now. Now we can go ahead and I got the gauges too. Hey, Josh, here, there's your gauges. So we'll go ahead and get that on there. Now we're going to front seat it. That's going to push that stem up to here and it's going to block the other compressors from getting into this compressor. It's going to leave the access into the actual compressor itself. Oh, as usual guys, TrueTech Tools, Promo Code, Survival. Save 8% on just about everything. So check them out at TrueTechTools.com. I also got some other new toys that I'll be showing off here for long too. That is one of the bigger wrenches from Yellowjacket. This one is the 60618. It's definitely bigger than the normal one. So now we've got refrigerant on both those. We're going to close both these gauges here. We're going to bleed these hoses out. Get a little bit there on that, a little bit on that. Now we'll just dump this into the suction port up here. So we'll bleed one more time up to there. Get all that blood out. That one's pretty much as far as it's going to go. Here we can get the high side in there. Now by the book, yeah, grab your recovery machine and pump it into the rack. So we're just about down to 2psi there. This is a funnel and I probably could put a link down in there below. You can make this into anything you want. Any shape you want, whatever, which is awesome. I use it for generators. So what we're going to do is we're going to go ahead and just drain it out. I don't really care.  So we're just going to put some new in there anyway. Like I said, I'm not really carrying one way or the other whether I save it all or not. We'll just put new in. There goes the oil.  Okay, here comes the spring. There's that. Get in there, see if we can get the... There's the oil screen. There's that.  Wasn't real smart to put the controls right underneath the oil. So here's that screen, guys. Look how bad that thing looks. That thing is wretched. Would you look at that? Would you just look at that? Look how bad that looked. That is...  Like I said, this is a dirty rack. I've had screens plugging up on the TXVs left and right. There's also another device inside there that we can get out of there. Let's go ahead and get this part cleaned up. What I'll do... We're going to use brake cleaner. It evaporates very quickly. Oh, you can actually see through it now. Look at that. Huh. Imagine that. Yeah, these are the sort of things that would be nice if they were done on a maintenance instead of on a Saturday. That looks a lot better. I'm going to see if I can get that other screen thing in there. We may have to hook it with either screwdriver or a hook tool. Yeah, that was what was slowing it down a little bit. I wanted to check it and just make sure it was okay. Yeah, it's got some shavings there in it. Wow. That ain't good.  So this thing here goes in like that. See how that is?  Let's go ahead and get this thing back in there. This is going to be difficult. Yeah, it's coming out 10 times faster than it went in. There's the spring behind it. Oh, it's not going down into the bucket. That's great. Alan Mazda's just letting it drain out now. We're just going to empty it out. At this point, we're just emptying it. Yep, screw it. We're just going to empty this bad boy out. Yeah, I was trying to be clean about it. There's that magnet. There we go. Got the magnet cleaned off. But guys, we definitely found a problem there. Unfortunately, I mean, we made a little bit of a mess here. It happens.  Sucks in pressure. It ain't like it's blasting out of their discharge. Very easy. It's an inch and three eighths. Pittsburgh cheap. Full set all the way up to two inches. I think it was 70 bucks. Well, we know we're on the right track now. Now we got full vacuum on it. So we got some cat litter. Talk to the manager. Got that. Also got some paper towels to help clean some of this up. She's got to tell them usually and they'll take it out of inventory. Nothing's quick.  Nothing's quick. The reason why we looked at so many things when we were doing this is I just know how many things are wrong here. That's why I went through and just checked everything. Condensers, cases, evaporators, all that.  We're just getting her into a vacuum and then we're going to let that refrigerant fly. I guess we're going to go ahead and test out this float deal here. I'd like to take it apart and clean it, but man, we're not. We're not going to do that today. We just got done pulling our vacuum on it.  I'm going to see if it can fill it up off the oil return and then we're going to add oil into the oil reservoir up there. Okay, we're opening up the discharge. My suction's not coming up. This is a good thing. It tells me it's not leaking through the valve plate at least. So you got high pressure coming in here. Suction pressure here. This is going out to the compressors through the filter. Theoretically, we could probably push right through here. We can also check at our pressure drop across that thing. I'm surprised that ain't plugged up. I don't have any of those on the truck. Got a nice solid stream there. Now we should be able to start adding. Just to bleed that last bit out. There we go. Now we should be able to pump this in there. All right, you can see right there that the oil is up again almost the halfway point. Man, maybe a little over a third. There's the gauge. We're going to flip it on right here. There we go. See if it... Woop, there it goes. 65. Hang on, I'll continue pumping this one in. We're not quite there yet. You can see that it's nothing in that bottom. You can see a little bit later on one side and the other. I know you're wondering, is it going to work? Yeah, there's no check valve here. There's a 20 pound usually. I think it's 20. That's what most of them that I've had on all of them. There's a 20 pound check here. They use to help reduce the pressure. So our ball is all the way at the top there. That's good because I'm going to lose some oil on this one and I only have one more gallon left. And I'm on call all day tomorrow yet, so I don't want to screw myself. We're going to go ahead and disconnect like that which is why I kind of did it. Yep, I'll have a gallon's what we have in there now. Not too bad a mess. We'll wipe up what we got here. It ain't that big a deal. Got everything cleaned up over there into that bag so everything got swept up. I went ahead and shut this down again so that the pressure would drop which we're down to rack pressure 25 ish area. That'll allow me to go ahead and spin this off and not get blasted with oil. There we go, not bad. That cap's junk on the discharge so we're not going to mess with that. Oil level's still about third there. Don't see anything leaking out of the bottom here so we're good on that. All these side glasses are full. I'm sure they're probably dirty. My plan is to come back and change this for sure. Possibly change that and we'll recheck oil. Like, look, the oil already has dropped back down again. I can't waste my last gallon on this thing when it has got more than what it had when I first started even after I drained it because if I have another call somewhere else I'll be screwed and then I'd have to go all the way back to the shop for something to go get oil and I'm not doing that. Okay, we're going to do the same thing here with this. I know you're wondering why ain't you checking the oil pressure first? So let's go ahead and check it real fast. There's 80-something, 78. At least we know it's pumping. I still don't feel safe with it the way it is because it's triggering for some reason and really ain't nothing else I can do besides check it and clean it. Now, what I'm going to do on this one I'm going to wipe this bowl out really good. I can reuse the oil if I need to. I mean, honestly, this rack could use a complete oil change. Got this last bit here. Got her down to zero. I'd say somebody tightened it way tighter than it needed to be.  Maybe it all fit in there. Maybe it won't, but my thing is I don't want to find out. Got the same thing. Got a spring there. Might as well go right in that container there. Not too overly impressed. I feel something in there, but I don't feel like there's a screen in there. We've got two different hooks. They don't seem to be working very good. There we go. Good. It does have a screen and it looks a little crappy, but not horrible. Otherwise, it all looks pretty normal back in there. Not horrible.  It may be a little worse than it looks. Heck yeah, it might be. There's that screen pickup on the bottom. So yeah, that's only pulling off the very bottom. All that top stuff is nothing in there. That is only on the very, very bottom that's getting anything. So that's what it is. It goes straight in, drops down. That's why it didn't come out very easy. So yeah, that bottom was kind of shitty. Shitty, shitty, bang, bang. Yeah, the oil didn't look horrible. We may just reuse a good portion of that. I am not too horribly worried about it. I didn't see a bunch of chunks and stuff like we had in the other one. Like I said, the things are at the bottom. Go in just like that and go all the way back. Then I can feel straight up in the top here. I can feel a hole. That must get sucked up here right here to the oil pump. That holds that in place. Don't really have a magnet or nothing on it. So definitely not as concerned about doing a lot of save the compressor work here on this one. That's for sure. May not use a cat litter this time. It's kind of a more of a mess than what it was worth. I think that's time for it's when you can't get back behind it. Just roll that back up like that. Put it back on the truck and it sits up there on the shelf. Now we can shoot that in back here on this low pressure switch. Cut out. We'll just shoot it in there and get it pumped in that way. That oil is exposed to the atmosphere just a little bit. Honestly, it's not going to hurt anything for the short duration that we're at here. Let's go ahead and purge this through. Got a little mess here. We'll get her cleaned up. Not a big deal. I got a little hair in my glove there. Like I said, then we'll pull a vacuum on this thing. Get all the air out of it. We got everything evacuated. Caps are back on. Got to tighten them yet. We're going to go ahead and turn this compressor back on. The fans coming on. We'll give it a sec. Let's see what our oil pressure comes up to here. All right, guys. So we are completely out of an alarm on this. What I had to do is add some refrigerant just like I figured.  All you can kind of do is base it off. How many fans are running? What's your discharge pressure compared to outdoor ambient? Kind of real primitive. Walk-in is now at nine. That thing was up there I think at 18 earlier. You can see she's on the downward spike down. We now are not tripping out on oil failure on one of our large compressors here. That was the majority between that and being low on refrigerant. Like I said, I'm going to do a quick scan of the store to make sure it's not a catastrophic leak. And we're going to just deal with it when we're off over time. This one here is pulled in but not running. That's nice. So this compressor's got issues for some reason. That's probably why it's tripping out on fricking oil. I pushed it in or I made it run earlier. I went ahead and killed a couple of compressors and only had this one on. And I had a 105 discharge and I had, I think it was 55 or 60 on the rack. So we were at least 45 plus on that. When I checked it earlier, my contactor had voltage across it, no voltage drop.  There is no single phasing on the individuals but we do have it on. There's phase protection in here somewhere. There it goes. So there it's running 25 amps. Here is our pressure. Like I said, 105. We're about a hundred right now.  You can throttle your ball valve so you don't destroy your needle. And we're 65 there. So 75, 85. 75, 85, 95, 105, it's 40 pounds. So we're 40, 45 pounds. So we are fine on that good enough for tonight. I got to finish dumping some refrigerant into this one here. I ended up dumping a little chunk into this one. It went a little bit more than what I was anticipating. It's in there now and honestly, the cyclist still ain't even close to being full. But as you can see, the temperatures are coming down pretty good.  We're still adding some here and then see because I just got an oil failure. I think it's because this thing's not always starting. Oh yeah, that's really nice. Go ahead and take a look here at this contactor and see if it's all burned up. If it is, that very well could be what's going on. Oh, jeesh. Yeah, it looks pretty ratty. Oh my gosh. Look at that contactor.   That leg, third leg right there? That baby is jacked to the maximum. That baby is toasty critters. Although we had an oil failure, what's happening is depending on how the proof switches are done, which this here doesn't even have a proof switch. Some of the other ones do. You have some here that had it. Hell, I don't know. Basically it knows that it's got partial powers. It's probably been single phasing. Unbelievable.  Nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing. Okay, she's dead. So we're clear for takeoff.  So one leg will usually always be hot. So there's 120 on that one and between them, nothing. So when we do it, we got to be careful that we don't touch the one leg or you have to shut the whole flipping thing down. And I don't like doing that if I don't need to. Just to make sure we're just going to go one, two, three. These don't care, but you know, we're, I mean, it's pretty obvious, but one less thing to worry about. Now, like I said, that coil is live. So we want to be careful about that. They got to put that on bottom like that right there. Not going nowhere. We've got everything tightened here and tightened at the bottom of the breaker. These are all in nice and good and tight. Now we're going to go ahead and take these off. Make sure there's no spare wires kind of flopping around that we're going to run our fingers into right there, which give a little tug.  There we go. Get a little tug. Good to go on that. Two, 24, 24. Now let's see if that makes a difference. Then turn that on back up. Let's go ahead and see if we can't shut some of these other ones off. I don't have any control voltage to it. Here, I wonder if this thing's been going off on thermal. It might have been if it was single phasing like it appears it was. It's kind of warm back here. Yeah, these are cold. Yeah, this bad boy has been overheating. Well, let's go ahead and turn some of these other ones back on. Unfortunately, I ain't got all night to fiddle part with it. But like I said, this thing's jacks to the maximum. I think there's a little war out there. I think it's just slightly war. Yeah, what we did is I went and got a bag. They already had their own junk in here. But my crap's inside of this one. So it can be thrown away separately. Okay, we're at 20%. I'm going to stop now. I'm clear. I'm just wiping it out.  It's just a mess. This is going to need some more oil when I come back. I'm going to bring some of that and definitely going to change that. How are we doing down here? Yeah, so you got like a little river running down there. You can see I want, whee. That's what I usually see. I never see a perfectly full one like you do on a regular walk in or like a smaller, never see that. All right, guys. So while we're at now, we're still fluctuating between 10%. Every now and again, depending on whether it's in a defrost or not, it may go up to 20 or depending on how many compressors are calling. Like right now it says three, but yet we're not pulling three in. We're only pulling in one. And if you look at it's one and two, but yet two is not pulling in here. So I don't know what's been calling. I mean, you look here and technically only that one there is calling and that's the one that's running. Now some of these lights were wore out. You can't count on them. I also checked our defrosts over here, clocks running. I replaced that back in 2020. Our coupler here, which has broke multiple times, is fine. It appears everything's tracking like it's supposed to. So, you know, that it's going to be nice when that gets on the rack. Like it's like a normal system would be this one here is down to temp. This one has been doing fairly decent for a while. Everything's running. Things are cleaned up and this hasn't gone back into alarm set points. Now walk ins at 10. That was even lower earlier. And we're going to do a real quick scan over. We're looking for catastrophic leaks. It's going to cause it to leak out overnight. So we're not going to go slow and really just catastrophic. As you can see, these are some pretty pretty bad shape units. Not a real surprise, but I got something in here. We'll just put a big check mark here. I think I made a short on these. Generally, when you have leaks in these cases, it traps it in. It doesn't go anywhere. All right. So right here's a leak and somewhere in this right here. Yeah, look at that. This is your medium temp rack. It's a 13. We'll narrow it down. I put a leak up here. That way we know this is your deli.  How much money do you want to spend? It's like a never ending story. How much do you want to spend? So, yeah, those are all leaking. No surprise. Okay. Generally, this thing will find it even in the air band.  Any leak that's going to be a hundred pound type thing. You know, a hundred pounds is over a couple months. But still, the problem is it's got to be taken care of. It's too expensive. All right, guys, it's going to wrap it up. If you enjoyed the video, please give it a thumbs up. Please consider subscribing with notifications. This video is going to get edited quite a bit heavily, I'm sure, because it's going to be long. Yeah, as you see in my videos, I do too many different things. I'm not polishing my skills, and that's what's slow. Thanks for watching, guys. Until next time, we'll catch you on the next one later.


terrain is supreme 하세요      Р                  roku 对 tat So how are you going about it? What is your score? My score? Yes Brother, do you know John? John That John That used to come and teach me at home Yes John failed his jam Jesus That is not enough No pizza man Pizza that intelligent pizza is Yes that brilliant guy Right from yes one to SS3 First position Peter failed the jam That is not your question That one is not enough For our head boy That one cowboy competition Yes He got ten over a pound bread in jam Jesus I don't know There's mass failure this year I don't know Mass failure Yes See, the worst one The worst team Now wait, tell me What is your result? Tell me Brother Brother All those people I mentioned their name They paid their jam Why would I pass my own? I see no reason to pass my jam result I pay it too now I'm on my way


This paper proposes a new approach for remote sensing image scene classification called CNN-CapsNet. It combines the advantages of convolutional neural networks, CNN, and capsule networks, CapsNet. First, a CNN is used as an initial feature map extractor. This CNN was pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset and is then used to extract features from the input image. Next, the extracted features are passed through a CapsNet to further enhance the classification accuracy. The CapsNet is able to capture the spatial information of the features, while also preserving their original characteristics. Finally, the output of the CapsNet is fed into a softmax layer to produce the final classification result. Experimental results show that the proposed CNN-CapsNet architecture outperforms other state-of-the-art methods on three publicly available remote sensing image datasets. This article was authored by Wei Zhong, Ping Tang, and Li Zhenzhao.


Okay, so welcome, this is a talk about line a key, a system developed to make building Debian derivatives easier. So first starting with what Debian derivative I'm actually building, the first thing that the first actual derivative I made was Tanglu, which was created in 2013 to embrace technologies and also processes that weren't possible in Debian at that time. It uses system D, which is a, right now it's not, it's a really boring fact, but back then in 2013 when we had this large system D framework, this was actually something remarkable. And we thought we would just build a system based around system D in order to show how it works and give us a data point, an example for Debian on, on how to, how it can work in a Debian based system. Because back then many people were asking for examples and weren't sure how, whether this is the right path to forge, so yeah, we, we did that. We also had aimed for timed releases, which is difficult with a strong, with a small team as a later turnout. And we wanted to focus on workstations and desktops mainly. Also one idea was to be as close to upstream and Debian as possible, which also meant that we basically tried to replicate Debian's infrastructure inside Tanglu itself, which did lead to some problems. Where's the next slide? Oh, well, sorry. I don't know why the, why the slideshow is slow at this point. Okay, I will just talk about the next slide until it appears. There it is. What you need for building a derivative is mainly repository management, which is the Debian archive kit. In this case for Tanglu, we need built infrastructure to make packages. We originally thought that we wouldn't need to do transition tracking, but if you base on Debian testing, you actually require that in order to do uploads in the right order, in order to rebuild things in the right order, because if you just sync them in batch, you will rebuild them in any arbitrary orders. And actually testing turned out to be not as easily buildable than we originally thought. This is also the reason why we need BritNate to do package migration, and we also need to synchronize packages with Debian, which also means that, which not only means that we need to fetch stuff from Debian and get it into our distribution, but we also need to merge patches. We apply it downstream. We also need to build ISO images, track bugs, have a wiki, generate upstream metadata so stuff shows up in GNOME software and other tools. And also we need a lot of misaligned tools to do various other smaller tasks. So a short excursion into building things, we are a distribution which rebuilds all packages that Debian has, and it bases upon testing. So we had the task of building 28,000 source packages on two architectures, which is quite a lot of stuff. So we originally thought that we should use Wannable, because that's what Debian uses, and yeah, this turned out to be a really hard task, because Wannable was developed in the origins of Debian, and it's almost impossible to set up for any derivative, which basically brings us to the first and only cat picture in this talk. Yeah, I would just quickly go through this if you have questions on why Wannable is difficult, ask me later about it. The next thing we thought about using open build servers, back then this wasn't possible, especially not if we also want to use the Debian archive kit, because the open build servers by OpenSUSE wants to take over also repository management, which we explicitly didn't want. Meanwhile, Colabora did put a lot of work into making it work for Debian and for derivatives, which is awesome, but back then this unfortunately wasn't an option. So we went with Jenkins and created 28,000 jobs with a matrix in it, which led to a, I don't know, I think it was about a gigabyte XML configuration file for Jenkins, which was actually pretty terrible. It worked for a small while, but even just rebooting Jenkins took about 40 minutes. So while Jenkins is great for CI, it's not great for building a massive amount of packages. And yeah. So in the end, we went with Debal, which is a system written by Paul Tagliamonte and made some custom glue for Tangloo in order to build a lot of these packages. But this also had its own problems. So actually package management is something we weren't really happy with initially. We also had other problems with actually replicating Debian infrastructure, which is, for example, that there are tons of Chrome jobs, which are run on a time-based, which means that as soon as we upload the package, we generate packages files and then something else which might actually immediately run afterwards, because this package first has to be rendered and generated, just runs later. And this causes huge delays, for example, to get one package into the distribution. A lot of steps need to happen. And yeah, this is not ideal if you want to do fast development. Of course, you can tune the Chrome jobs to run in the right order to make it less annoying, but this is some work. And it's a bit, yeah, it actually doesn't really solve the problem. It just makes it just mitigate it slightly. Also, if you aren't part of the Debian infrastructure team, it's unclear how these tools work together. For example, I didn't know that a Britnay throws out a text file, which is then directly imported into the Duck database, which Duck just overrides tables and testing with contents from this text file. And I asked the FTP masters, and nobody knew how they actually, how stuff actually migrates from testing. So it took a while to figure this out, and it's actually a well-known thing, but yeah, if you're new, it's not really something you know. So in general, it's really hard to set something up that resembles the infrastructure Debian uses. Fortunately, Duck, and especially Britnay, got a lot better. Britnay is now really easy to use, and Duck is also in the process of being easier to use for Debian derivatives. For example, while writing Tanglu, we got rid of a lot of hard coding of the unstable name and Devinisms in it. So yeah, this is pretty great by now. There are also maintenance issues, because as much as teams complain in said Debian that they don't have enough manpower, they actually have a lot more manpower compared to a derivative that's just started and has about four members. So they have a lot of teams which maintain separate parts of the infrastructure. So a RIS team which is dedicated to maintaining Britnay and doing transition tracking. And the FTP masters who only deal with Duck. So they are experts in their field, while you, as if you start a derivative, need to basically know everything and also maintain everything, which is difficult, especially since every tool is configured in its own way. And since Tanglu was doing a lot of Dutch releases, we had to basically overwrite things, basically adjust every configuration for every single time, which is annoying. So since I'm running out of time, I just go through a few solutions. We tried to mitigate this, which is FAT message, which is a system to make parts communicate with each other, as is developed by Fedoro. But it didn't solve the problem completely because we still had the configuration management problem. We also had Rapidumo, which is a large collection of Python scripts we developed in order to glue the different parts of the infrastructure together, which was kind of, well, it worked, but it wasn't great. So we had something working in the end based on these things and also Git repository with all the configuration files, but it wasn't awesome. Then PRS happened where Purism approached me to help with developing their PRS, and I thought, do we really want to use this for this new thing? And meanwhile, I was already working on some integrated solution to resolve the problems we were facing, which, yeah, I'll list it here again. And surprisingly also, the tools for Tanglo didn't actually work for PRS because we thought we would have made them generic enough to be used by other derivatives, but in fact, this was not the case. So I developed Lenekea, which has a massive scope, hence the name of the Lenekea supercluster, which is basically the home of our galaxy. It's a galaxy cluster. And yeah, I could go on and explain the name, but I will skip that now. So the basic fundamentals of this, that we have one source for all configuration, which is a central database. We have tightly integrated components, which only talk to the database. We want to minimize human intervention. So as soon as something can be done by a module inside Lenekea, we don't want any human to upload a package for rebuilding. But for example, we want to upload the package of Lenekea or detect what needs to be rebuilt and have it done without having to intervene. We also want a web interface because that's actually how things are managed by now and not having users to log in into or SSH into machines. And it's also nice for permission control so we can have users give individual permissions to users to perform certain tasks, which was a problem for Tanglo because they always had to go through me or someone else who had permission if they wanted something migrated or something done. And as soon as you had permission, you were basically able to do a lot of things which we didn't want to give to new comments to the distribution already. We also want to support Flapag and OSG natively and also maybe Snappy, which is emerging technology. I'm playing around with that for a while. So yeah, and also share work with other distributions. Yeah, share scripts are terrible. So this shouldn't happen because it's basically a sign that we did something wrong. This is the basic architecture of the thing. I would quickly go through it. Some things aren't ready yet. I will talk about, I will mention that when I talk about them. So what we have in line here is adapters to existing projects, which is, for example, for the Britney package migration, the Spears module, and for a Germanator, which is generating meta packages and for checking the installability of packages, which is those. We have these things which basically set up these tools, so you don't need to care about that when you make a new derivative. They write the configuration for them based on information they found in the center database. They read data that's generated by these tools into the database, so it is available for other tools immediately. And they receive triggers via 0MQ communication in order to run. So we also have modules which are doing tasks like synchronizing packages, building ISO images, managing build queues in order to build things. And they share, in general, share a lot of code to execute actions faster. The build stuff isn't quite there yet. It's currently a work in progress. For long-running tasks, we also have a job runner, which is a pool of stuff, a pool of machines that can perform arbitrary tasks ranging from building images for the distribution of building packages, to importing Git repositories and doing all kinds of things. They use encrypted connections because, at least in Tangle, we don't have, we don't have a central build form where only trusted communication is happening, but Tangle packages are built sometimes on service someone has in their basement. So, yeah, we also have user interfaces which contain CLI tools to administer the services right now, so we still have SSH into a machine in order to get things done, but there's also web front-ins and development. Some of them are already working in order to view QA information on the central location instead of going through many places in order to view what's happening in the distribution. There's also an IRC bot in development in order to announce certain changes that are interesting, like a new image was built, please test it in the IRC channel. Most of the user interfaces, though, are very early work because I'm actually not a web developer, so this is a kind of new territory for me. Yeah, in general, these things are really easy to set up in a self-assembling because they communicate via the database or via zero MQ in order to pass messages amongst these other. So, as soon as you have one and connected to the central instance, it will immediately detect the other modules and work with them. Technology uses basically as boring, I guess, except for the fact that we use a deep programming language for most things and Python for the rest and also Mongo at the moment, but I'm pretty sure that this will change, at least in terms of using the database. Yeah, quickly, for future plans, first thing's first priority is to make package build work properly and integrate the transition tracking module and basically write a lot more modules to perform more tasks in CYLINE Ikea. Also, one pretty important point is to use OpenQA, which is a service by a developer OpenSUSE in order to do testing on the final image and to test to automatically check whether the image we ship to our users is working and installation is working and things like that. And, yeah, packaging line Ikea for Debian is something I'm working on. It's, except for the few JavaScript things, it's relatively simple. And as soon as it has more documentation, it's actually easy to set up for other derivatives. You can just install it from Debian and use it. At the moment, if you are developing a derivative and have existing infrastructure, I wouldn't recommend using Ikea just yet, but wait a bit because it's still a very early development and there are a lot of things that will change and a lot of modules still in development. So, yeah, do you have questions? One of the problems that I've run into, like dealing with like many derivatives and stuff like that, is what is the best tool for things like a replacement for packages.debian.org, like a web interface that actually lets users take a look at what's in your repositories? At the moment, we are entangling using packages of Debian.org. So, the packages web application for this, but linear KIA has, because we have this information already and we can make use of it, it has this web SW view thing, which is not only showing packages, but will also in some future be able to show flap packs alongside. So, this is the thing I would replace it with long term. Short term, I think packages web is the thing to go to. Also. To take the packages.debian.org sources and actually go set up your own instance? Yeah, it's open source. No, I'm sure it's open source. I hadn't looked at how easy it was to do. It's a bit tricky, because you need to regenerate the database for it internally and it also runs with Apache. So, if your system is around about engines, yeah, you need to, well, work around that or write something to run the Perl script without Apache. But it's possible, it's actually one of the nicer things to set up. Yeah. Is the intention to run it only for derivative distributions or can you run it for a partial distribution as well where you have, you know, you use stretch and then you have your own repository with a hundred packages that you need to build and sync and continue working in blackboard, maybe. Right now, most modules assume that the repository is complete. So, if you could mirror it, which is what we do in pure S right now, we just mirror all binary package and don't rebuild them. So, that would work. But actually, the modules that actually assume that the distribution is complete, which is the depth check thing, you could just not use them or fix them in order to work for a partial distribution. So, right now, I'm not focusing on partial distributions because I have no partial distribution to work with, but it's definitely possible to use it. Also questions. So, the depth check modules will run into problems, I think. I have a question for myself because we are here in the blends track and the blends are actually not creating derivatives. How often do you think we are too used and for what purpose? When I created Tangle, I thought I would only do this once and actually nobody would ever create Debian derivatives and I actually meanwhile learned that a lot of people do create Debian derivatives, mostly internally, so they can be used inside the company, but also pure as happened. So, I think creating Debian derivatives is a quite common task meanwhile. There was also recently a talk by the endless people who made a derivative dedicated for people who have less stable internet connections and basically in the third world. So, I think for these specialized niches, creating Debian derivatives is quite common because you can ship one ISO image for users to just install instead of telling them install Debian and then perform these additional steps in order to get this thing working. I always think that tweaking Debian in itself is more sustainable because these people are creating the derivatives and all other places of the world and reinventing the wheel as Michael just told us before. To make the case for derivatives in case of Tanglu, just saying let's go for system D wasn't possible and also saying let's go for timed releases isn't possible. So, there are some things which Debian can't do and Debian shouldn't do even, I would say, and these are the niches that can be filled by derivatives. Oh yeah, for example, pure as is 100% free software and is trying to get endorsed by the Free Software Foundation, which is something Debian, which has the non-free branch, also cannot do. So, those are cases, for example. So, you mentioned OBS and the endless guys were using OBS, talking about OBS. So, for a new project starting today, how would you contrast what you're doing with what OBS is capable of doing today? That's a good question. So, I haven't used OBS, so I can't really comment on this because I used OBS about three years ago, the last time, and back then it wasn't really, really nice to work with. And, but meanwhile, a collaborator did a ton of work and it's even packaged in Debian, meanwhile. So, I would need to see how well it works. So, I think if your objective is to just build things and have some basic repository management, then using OBS is a good idea. If you want more, like the whole transition tracking and automatic rebuilds, then using this is a better idea. I think one of the ideas is to maybe get rid of Duc and to absorb the repository management inside Linear Kaia, which is something I think might need to happen at some point because Duc is a real bottleneck at the moment. But, prior to that, I would also see if I can somehow interface Linear Kaia with the open build service instead, which would have some synergies in that area. Or just make it plugable so you can use Duc and open build service and anything else you want. So, yeah, this is just the fabric where you can put in other services and have them share code and information. That's the basic idea behind it. So, okay, thanks for the talk and, yeah.


Welcome, welcome back to Why In The Morning? If it's Tuesday, it's entrepreneurship Tuesday, the hashtag to use is hashtag, Why In The Morning? My name is Michelle Ashira. And as usual, when you see this particular session, it, we're about to dive into an interesting conversation each and every day, yeah? Every day you see, you know, this particular segment on an EO of interviews. It's always interesting. And today we have also an equally interesting conversation coming your way. Looking at healthy financial lifestyle, OK?  We're still trying to figure it out here, about here and there. When it comes to matters pertaining to savings, investment, and how we budget our finances as well. And it's on that particular note that I am joined with NFEC, Certified Financial Education Instructor, known as Shailam Boga. Thank you very much. I'm excited to be here. Oh, fantastic. You look really fabulous.  Thank you so much. This particular moment to not put it to brand ambassador. OK, kubali nisawa. I'm kubali right away. So Shailam, for someone who is meeting you for the first time, introduce yourself. Tell us who you are and what you do. Sure, my name is Shailam Boga. I'm the founder of Financial Wellness Center, as well as a Certified Financial Education Instructor from the United States of America. I'm born and raised in Kenya. And I love to see people winning with their money. And that is one of the reasons I am an advocate of financial education around the world. Because people, you know, money is a tool that can help or hurt you. And unfortunately, most of us have been hurt by money because we did not know how to handle it. Yes. So why was Shailam born and brought up? Shailam has been born and brought up in Nakuro. And that's big, actually. Yeah, I grew up in Nakuro, as well as some part of my life I spent in Nairobi. So I've grown up in both cities. How's life in Nakuro? Life was amazing. Nakuro now is a city, but by then it wasn't a city yet. But I would say it was a very foundational point for me, because I got to learn quite a number of basics things, especially when it comes to finances and business, while in Nakuro. Then when I came to Nairobi, it was like being exposed now to a larger and diverse kind of community. Yeah. OK. Can you say that you learned more about when it comes to finances, that you learned a couple of things when growing up? Where was the influence from? Like was it from your parents? Maybe your relatives, take us to that. Yeah, we used to have fast food joint in Nakuro that my mom was running. And most of the time I would be the one in charge over the weekends when I'm not going to school. So I started acquiring business skills from that point. Now by the time I came to Nairobi, I was able to start my own business, although not a fast food joint. But through the skills that I acquired while growing up in her business, they've been playing an instrumental role in me learning more about business, aside from the school factor. Yes. Growing up, were you more of a child who would spend or save it or more of a saver when it comes to finances? Where did you tend to learn most? I was actually an investor and a spender. I'll give a short story. When I was about eight to nine years, I happened to have done a gig where I was given some money. And the first investment I did was from my mom's farm. She used to also rare poultry. So I bought a chicken and then that chicken I had to look after it until it grew and hatched eggs and laid eggs. Then the eggs hatched. Then I sold the chicks. So basically, if you look at that, that is an investor. I multiplied the money I got. Then I started like spending the rest and I continued with that cycle for quite some time, which made me to be a young rich kid somehow. Cause now I would keep on doing the same thing over and over again and that would give me some coins to buy candy here and there. Right. What is the passion of just spreading financial awareness and literacy come from? The passion came from the community I grew in. I saw quite a number of people, they would struggle a lot because of money. For example, you could find people having a very nice conversation, but when you introduce money, in a way they just start frowning. They act like, okay, this is not a comfortable topic to speak. At the same time, I used to see quite a number of families when they wanted to talk about money, kids would be asked to go outside. So that led me to have the desire, what is it about money that people, some people get angry when it's mentioned and what is it about money that makes other people excited? And that is how I started chatting the path to learning about finances and spreading the word to the rest of the world. Talk to me about Financial Wellness Center. Yeah, Financial Wellness Center started in 2019 and this is my purpose because it started as a move to impact and transform lives of especially young people. Now, the reason I started Financial Wellness Center is because I noticed that we have a lot of people spread globally who are youths, but they are not able to reach a financial consultant. Maybe they are not able to walk into a bank or a financial institution or they cannot simply afford the fees. So I decided to start to set up that organization to be able to reach out to people virtually, especially when they need anything to do with financial consultancy or education. Now, if you may have checked our Facebook page and YouTube and Instagram and LinkedIn. You can share now. They can check it out as we continue the conversation as well. Thank you. You can check out our Facebook page which is Financial Wellness Center and our YouTube channel, Financial Wellness with Sheila Mboga as well as Instagram and LinkedIn Financial Wellness Center where we constantly post content that has to do with how you can handle your money, how you can multiply money, how you can deal with debt as well as being able to interact with the audience. If someone asks a question, maybe this person could not afford to pay a financial consultant. So they might ask us a question and will provide expert advice on the same. Now, by doing that, we are able to reach to so many people because almost half of the population is on Facebook. So with Financial Wellness Center giving out information using digital channel is something that has made us to be more focused on impacting more lives. Fantastic. You mentioned something very important when it comes to, you might have young people who are probably entrepreneurs who can easily access finances and different financial institutions, banks and lending creditors as well. From that particular angle and perspective, is that inclusive when it comes to entrepreneurship? Academy, how do you handle it? If any young person wants to start a business and they come to you and they say that I am struggling when it comes to finances. Even if it's a startup that is already running, so how do you handle that? Yeah, it's a good thing you mentioned about our Entrepreneurs Academy. Yeah, here we always, we focus on entrepreneurs alone because we take them through segments. The first one is changing their mindset. It's not just enough to start a business. You need to know why you're starting this business. How is your mindset towards money in business? Because if your mindset is not transformed, you will find yourself falling in the trap of mixing business money and personal finances. So we start by transforming your mindset through activities and some sessions. Then we go into teaching you the basic business models. You know, it's not just about selling that shoe. It's not about selling that cloth. You need to understand who are you selling to? Who is your market? You need to understand where can I get my stock so that I can have a competitive price in the market? What can I do to my customers so that they can tell someone else to come to my shop or they can stick with me for longer period of time because we are in a very competitive world. How can I use digital channels to go where my customers are? Because you can find, you have a physical shop, but your customers are online. So you need to know where to go so that they can see your products. Now, after that, we also take you now through things like bookkeeping because as an entrepreneur, you need to know how to understand the profit and loss accounts. You need to understand how you taking the debt for your business. How should you negotiate even with your credit to give you a better interest based on your business? Then after that, now we take you through a session of what I call service excellence. You need to serve with excellence. You just don't serve. You need to serve with excellence so that you can capture a customer, retain her, and make her to be your referral contact. Yeah, because at the end of the day, customers, they say customer is king and customer service is everything. Absolutely, and a satisfied customer is a working advertisement.  Imagine if I have a... Yeah, if I have a family of seven members, those are seven people who've known about your business. We cannot guarantee that the seven will buy from you, but from the seven, and they will also tell another person and you'll find yourself getting customers just because you served one person properly. Fantastic. Earlier on in this particular conversation, we've mentioned something quite very, very important when it comes to changing an entrepreneur, changing their mindset and just getting into business on the right footing. It's not just about making profits, but why is that in that particular business? What are the key areas that you look into in the Entrepreneurship Academy that enables that particular change to happen? Yeah, the first thing, we have to look at your childhood. Have you ever been in business or you just started a business because it's trending? Then we find out, okay, maybe you had an idea of what a business is. Now, have you ever started and failed a business because a person who's never started a business and someone who's failed, those are two different people. One of them might be positive about business and the other one might be I'm scared I might fail again. We also have to check your risk capability. Are you someone who is a risk taker or someone who is risk averse? Now, the business you're launching, what level of risk is associated with it so that we can know, are you able to handle it?  So we start analyzing that. Then after we've analyzed that, now we start inputting what some basic entrepreneurial mindsets that you need to have. As an entrepreneur, not every day you'll be successful. There are days you have to empower yourself, you have to be positive by your own while 99 other people are against what you are standing for. So that helps you to have a strong muscles mind-wise such that by the time you're stepping into business, you know that even if 99 people will not agree with me at this time, I'm going to believe in myself. And you cannot believe in yourself if you have a negative mindset towards the thing you are propagating. That's very true. And do you work with your clients who have this particular journey? If yes, who are the people that are working? Are there people who, because I feel like when it comes to just changing mindset, it's not like a one-day thing, it's not magical. It's something that takes time. And from that particular angle, do you have people who work with your clients hand-to-hand and who is eligible to be part of Entrepreneurship Academy? So yeah, I'll start with the first, but we do work with our clients for at least six months because it takes 21 days to change your habits. I just forgot to mention, part of changing your mindset is not changing your habits, your business habits. Now, we work with you for at least six months. We, once you join our academy, we assign a mentor to you who is going to hold your hand and help you navigate through the business environment. And this mentor will constantly be checking your business to see the progress and advise you on certain strategies that can help you stay on course. Now, as you mentioned, it's not a one-day event. It's something that is continuous. But after six months, the person is now able to at least stand on their own and they can choose to keep us for the rest of their company existence or they can choose to take a break and try to just go in the business world alone. All right. Let's look at different species of business. Employment, like if you get an increase in the salary, that's the level of increase when it comes to expenditure. Talk to us about the importance of just savings and budgeting as well. Yeah, you mentioned something very important, lifestyle inflation. You know, a lot of people tend to fall into this trap. But the thing I always say, you need to learn to be fraggled. When you are fraggled, you just get what you need. You don't have to have excesses.  It would be wise if that increment, you could invest it to multiply it for at least two years, then you can acquire the things that you have been desiring.  It's the time now to have at least four cars, four more cars or three more cars. It's my time to now start addressing designers. My status has changed. Yes, yes, yes, yes. That's the time you have to, you know, you're the one throwing parties every night. But it looks good, but it will not be good in the long term. So if you multiply that increment, you can still have those things, but at a very comfortable kind of situation, because if you multiply that money, it's going to give you more returns and you're going to at least continue having an opportunity to spend without having to worry. What if my job ends today? Will I still be driving this car? What if I get demoted? Because we saw like during COVID, some companies had to downgrade some of their employees and reduce their packages. Would your lifestyles still remain the same? So it's very important not to be affected by lifestyle inflation, but rather find out ways you can multiply your money so that you can comfortably have a sustainable lifestyle. Yes. I haven't been able to say this, that they need themselves now once. Because there's a very thin line on that, especially if we want what we want. Yeah. We'll just break the boundaries, things in the aspect of discipline. Yeah. As you mentioned, there's a very thin line between a need and a want. Now, I will say for a want, ask yourself, do I still need this thing three months down the line? Can I, if I don't have it now, will I die? That is a want. For example, you can say, okay, if I don't buy this dress today, will I die? The answer is definitely no. Can I wait to have it in a later stage? Absolutely, yes. So that is a want. It's not something that if you don't have it today, we are going to say, okay, she died because she could not get it. Come to a need. A need is something you cannot live without it. For example, let's say a healthcare system. Maybe you are sick. I cannot start buying you clothes when you are sick. You need medication. You need proper healthcare. For example, housing. We cannot say, okay, I don't need to live in a house. I'll be staying outside. That's so risky for you. You need to live somewhere. We cannot say, okay, I'll stay hungry for six months.  So a need is something you cannot live without. You have to have it. And a want is something you can live without it or you can find a way to supplement it and still your life will keep on moving on. All right. How do you build up discipline? Financial discipline as well? There are various ways of building up financial discipline, but the starting point is by learning to have a budget.  It's like a roadmap. It guides your finances and allows you to control your money.  But what happens? Why am I not able to stick to my budget? Then now you have to introduce systems. For example, if you're not able to save, you should now introduce an automation system such that instead of you getting 1,000 in your account from your salary or business, get 800 with 200 having been automatically deducted to your savings. Now that way, if you do that for six months, you can be disciplined in saving. Now, when again, you have to have an accountability partner. I was about to ask that, if actually having someone who can just be accountable to it, it will actually help you just build up muscle when it comes to discipline. Trust me, money is an emotional tool. And I always give this example to show that money is emotional. Whenever you have money, for example, 1,000, out of the blues, you find that your expenses at that time are more than 1,000. Where did they come from? But when you have like 500, you're also able to have expenses for 500. So that tells you that there's an emotional aspect of money that affects all of us. Now, this is where you need to have an accountability partner because this accountability partner is someone that you have shared with your financial goals. You've told them that maybe I need to buy a house in five years' time and this is how my income is and this is what I'm planning to do every month. Now, when you get your income every month, this person will be asking how much have you contributed towards your going? And this person will make you come back to your senses every time you want to your law. He or she will always be reminding you. And there's power in someone reminding you. I don't know if you've ever tried to spend money and then usually it used to happen with our parents. They're like, ah-ha, have you done this and this with that money first? And they're like, okay, I needed to get this just first. But that aspect, yes, they remind you about your priorities and this has a way of making you stick to that and gain that discipline. From our clients, you've seen when they have an accountability partner, they are able to change their financial habits faster and they are able to improve their discipline with money faster than someone who is a standalone kind of person. Yes. Okay, take us through how to go about building and maintaining an emergency fund. Thank you so much for asking that question. I'll first start by defining what an emergency fund is. Now, an emergency fund is an amount of money that you set aside that can cater for your three to six months worth of expenses. And if you are able to do up to one year worth of expenses, the better. Now, an emergency fund is something that you can build using various ways. The first way is by putting it in your budget such that every month you're putting aside a certain amount of money from the income you're getting. Another way, because you find that there are some people who their budgets can be so tight, they don't have an extra disposable income, then in such an instance, we recommend that you now find another way of making extra money. This could be through a side business. This could be through monetizing your gifts. And sometimes it could be you decluttering your house and selling some of the things you're not using so that you can just have that lump sum of money stashed somewhere. Now, having the lump sum of money is one thing and having it where it is stored is another thing. You need to put this emergency fund in a tool where you can easily access. Remember the word is emergency. What does emergency mean? If you have an emergency right now, I want to tell you wait three months for you to get the money. It's something that you need instantly. Now, in such an instance, you need to put this money in a place where you can easily access latest up to 48 hours because there are certain emergencies you cannot take longer before you can attend to them. So ensure you put them in a place where you can easily access it. And it's not a must you earn a high interest because most of the tools that will give you a high interest, they need you to keep the money for a longer period of time. You can even look for something that can even give you 2% interest. The goal is to have the money in a place where you can easily access it. An example of an emergency, maybe you just woke up and then you go to a shower and you find like your shower head is not working and you need to go to work or to school. Does it mean you'll stop going to work or school? No, you need to fix that. And that is where you need to quickly get into your emergency, find, fix that and then move on with life. So I highly recommend that whenever you put your money, please ensure you keep it somewhere you can easily access whenever need be. What a couple of financial lessons that you have gotten to, you know, I'd like to say, let me, let me reframe that question. What a couple of financial mistakes that you've gotten to see people just outlooks, outlook at them and you see them constantly from also your clients and they just cut across. The first financial mistake is living beyond your means. You know, there's a difference between being, living within your means, living beyond your means and being stingy to yourself. Now, when you are living beyond your means, it means whatever you are earning from whichever source is less than what you're spending or is less than what your lifestyle needs you to spend. Now, living below your means means that whatever you are earning, you are living way, way below it. Maybe you could be earning 10,000 and they're living within 1,000 that is living below your means, which is not recommended.  And then we have this other aspect of being fraggled. This is where you're living comfortably. You are doing things that you can comfortably afford. You don't have to stress yourself. Zero peer pressure, exactly. So that is one of the mistakes that I've seen people living beyond their means because they want to impress people, maybe on social media, they want to impress their family members and give them a fake image of themselves. Yet on the side, they are suffering. Then another mistake is people taking debt for consumption. You have touched and have so many people. I think it's a situation where it's growing as well, especially with the mobile banking and just being able to access loans through different mobile apps and it's so easy to just access it. Talk to us about that. Yeah, the first thing I would want to bring it to clarity is taking debt is not bad because sometimes you could be having a business or you could be needing capital and you cannot afford it. But you know, this money, if you pump it into a certain channel, you're able to repay it. Now we have a good and a bad debt. A good debt is a debt that helps you to multiply money. Sometimes you can be working somewhere and you find an investment that has a good return but you cannot raise that principal amount required. Then in that instance, you can take a debt which will help you multiply that money and be able to repay the money. Most of the big businesses we see around there run by debt. So debt is not a bad thing. However, it becomes bad when you take it for consumption and there is no channel that is pumping money towards you. So it's like just draining water one way. There is no income, it's just outlet, outlet. When you take a debt to, for example, consume, maybe buy food or something, you are not gaining another money from that activity. Now it becomes a bad debt because chances are high you may not be able to repay it because there's no other source of money coming in that can allow you to outlet the money. Now debt is very psychological I would say because it can become an addiction. I have had clients who were addicted to debt that someone they can't stay if they don't have a full user, they feel like there's something wrong with them because it's a habit that the person has built over time. They feel like I need to have this debt. And the worst part is they are having it for consumption. Now they forget that debt is not free money. Debt is money that you have to pay with interest. So you find this person, they are taking debt for consumption and the interest keeps growing. So by the time this person comes to realize that oh I made a mistake, the interest has grown and the principal debt amount has also grown and the person is not able to repay it on time. What does that lead to? Leads to stress, leads to people being angry and of course leads to a spillover effect where you find someone being angry with their family members or their friends. Not necessarily because they've done something to them but it's because they are stressed out due to debt. Yes. And I'd like to ask you a little bit about the interest in the good debt so the bad debt is the consumption. As we close, how can people reach out to you on social media if they want to keep this conversation going? Yes. They can reach out to us on Facebook that is Financial Wellness Center. They can also write us an email on info at financialwellnesscenter.co.ke. They can as well check out our Instagram handle and Twitter as well as LinkedIn, Financial Wellness Center. And most of all, I would encourage them to check out our YouTube channel which is Financial Wellness with Sheila Mboga where I have tackled quite a number of topics relating to personal finance as well as business finance. Time to be with us. We appreciate you. So guys that is Sheila Mboga who is a financial education instructor. If you're looking at healthy financial lifestyles. So we'll be right back make sure you stay tuned right here on one of the morning.


Good morning my name is Dr. Pupat Singh Bhatni, I am a Senior Consultant in Kidney Transplant Surgeon in Manipal Hospital, Kharadi, Pune, Practicing Girology since last 21 years. Today we are going to discuss about the kidney stones. I will brief you about what are the causes, how can we prevent, what are the treatment modalities of the kidney stone formations. Let's start with what is kidney stones practically are. Kidney stones are formed when they exist amount of crystals are formed in the urine and these crystal precipitates and form the niolus for the stone formations. Doctor, can I get a stone? Probably in the population anybody can get the stones, though who are at the risk of forming a stone. A patient with a past history of stone formations, they have a high tendency of forming a stone. One, patients who are taking a diet which is more centric to high protein diets they are more chance of getting the stone formations. Patients with a history of intestinal stones in the past, they are more risk of getting the stone formations. Patients with a medical disease of the kidneys like polycystic kidney disease, they are more prone to get the stone formations. Also, these are family histories of stones, you do get a tendency of forming this. Overweight, Cedentry, Lifestyles are also the risk factor for forming a stone formation. Now how can I diagnose Doctor, I am having a stone. See, normally you can diagnose a stone when you get a acute attack of pain and a pain which is severe intensity in the back, coming in the front and which is causing a discomfort to you going to the hospital and most likely you are dealing with a kidney stone. This is one of the findings which we come across in our patients and in our patient departments. Sometimes patients do present with blood in the urine, the second most common modality by which we diagnose the patient with a stone. Another symptoms are burning in the urine, fever and chills can also be the presentation for the kidney stones in the patients. Now once a patient is there with this symptom, what is to be done? First primary modality is to relieve the patient from the symptoms. How we reduce? Patient should be given the pain cure in the outpatient department to release in from the pain first and then we diagnose whether the patient is having a stone or not. How to diagnose? The basic investigations are done on the patients in the form of ultrasonic graphic examination of that domain. We are able to diagnose the block in the kidney, the stone size, stone location and how much other findings like in the, is it because of the stone or some other reasons of causing the pain was there. We can associated bowel abnormalities can be detected by the basic ultrasonic examinations. In addition to that, we do do patient urine examination to see whether the crystals are there, whether the bacteria is there, whether infection is there in the patients. Also the basic blood investigation in the outpatient department to know hemogram, kidney function test as a basic protocol in all patients. After diagnosing the patients, we do offering the treatment modalities. It depends on the size of the stone, location of the stone, blockage of the kidney pipes, how we are going to treat these patients. Modalities of treatments are quite variables. We give a medical therapy in most of the patients if a small stone is stuck in the pipe and approximately 70 to 80% patients do respond if a size of stone is small with a medical therapy in the form of anti-inflammatory pain relief tablets and the pipe to relax the kidney pipes and it do help to get the complete clearance of stones. Other modalities which come across is the outpatient department in the shockwave treatment. Patients who are having a stones which are there sitting in the kidneys, they can be treated without any operation non-surgical treatment by the shockwave treatments in which two to four sessions, majority of the stones get cleared by the shockwave therapy. Other modalities are endoscopic surgeries in which we depending upon the location of stone and the size of the stone, its stones are stuck up in the lower part of the kidney pipe for the urator. We do it by the urotoscopic procedure. It's a procedure in which patient admitted for a one day in the hospital and with the legit instrument we take out the stones. Other modalities we have now advanced treatment in our hospital by the flexible machines. We go into the flexible RIRS procedure in which we can go up to the kidney chambers and take out the complete clearance of stones. Our patients with a very large bulk and hard stones are treated by making a key hoot surgeries, making a small hole in the back and we take out the stone and patient do get admitted for two to three days in the hospital to get the complete clearance. Now come how can we prevent the stone formation or some few basic questions which are come across in our patient department from the patients. What is to be done? Our dietary advice is very important in the patients. I recommend all patients or in the population also drink a lot of water. It should be at least 2.5 to 3 liters. The best indicator is the color of urine should be the color of water which is the hydration status of the body by which we tell the patients people are low salt diet. It prevents the stone formation and third most important is low on the proteins. Low protein diet helps in reducing the recurrence of the stone in the long term in the patients. Patient do ask few basic questions. One, doctor can I get a tomato, brinjal, palak. These are also for modernity's care. Are these causing the stone formations? Fact is no, our dietary tomatoes does not cause the stone formations. Dietary palak and all other seeded foods don't cause stone formations. Takeer in excess quantity, we tell the patient not to take others in excess quantity but the normal lifestyle, these products are not the cause of stone formations. Doctor, is it a milk is the cause of stone formations? Answer is no, milk does not cause the stone formations. Patient can have a 2 glass of milk per day in a normal lifestyle. Doctor, is it the calcium supplement which I am taking is the cause of stone formation? Answer is spectacularly no. It calcium supplements does not cause the stone formations and it should not be restricted if a doctor has advised you for the orthopedic issues. Fluid habits, doctor you are talking about the fluid, can I take any form of fluids, can it be the cola drinks for me or the heart drinks? Answer is no, you have to take a water. Water is the only consumption of the water can prevent the formations. Other fluids in the form of tea, coffee, cola drinks, heart drinks, they does not prevent the stone formations. Instead, they do causes the formation of crystals and leads to stone formations. Very commonly asked doctor, can I have a beer which is and can lead to the stone relief? Answer is no. Intake of beer itself causes a lack of fluid concentrates from this thing and niolus for the stone formation. So, it is not encouraging to, encouraging from our end to drink beer. You should be taking a water. Quite often we come across patients asking doctor, I am sitting in the AC environment. Do I need to drink water still because I don't feel, I don't having this thing. Presence of sitting in an AC environment causes the lack of moisture also and yes, you do need to drink a water even if you are sitting in the AC environment. Very commonly asked question from the patients, doctor, I don't have a pain now. I had a stone last week but I am totally pain free now. Do I need to investigate unsuspectingly? Yes, you should get yourself investigated even if pain is not there because absence of pain does not mean you don't have a stone. You need to consult your doctor, get ultrasound scan done and then confirm this thing. Doctor, very commonly asked questions, give me the saline therapy or the IB fluids to get rid of stone. In a practical current scenarios, there is no evidence of any IB fluids can lead to the clearance of the stones on the pipe. IB fluids do help in a patient to relieve the pain or those who cannot take the oral intake of fluids but it is not any by chance lead to the clearance of the stone. Oral intake of water is sufficient, no IB fluids cannot lead to the clearance of the stones. We should not be incurring this type of habits. Doctors, ocean Poimand Anlias, I will go undergo operation, endoscopic surgeries do lead to the recurrence of the stone. Answer is no, no endoscopic surgeries can lead to the recurrence of stone formations. If a small fragment has been kept left or missed by the doctor, it can be the source of Midas but endoscopic surgeries itself cannot lead to the formation of stone in the future. You can safely consult your doctor, get your stone treated. At the end, I would say, drink a lot of water, low salt diet, low protein diet, do daily exercise for 45 minutes, healthy lifestyle and control your weight. This is what is required for most of the patients. Thank you.