From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders around the globe, these are Cloud Native Insights. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman, the host of Cloud Native Insights. When we talk about Cloud Native, we're talking about how customers can take advantage of the innovation and agility that's out there in the clouds. One of the undercurrents, you know, not so hidden if you've been watching the program so far. We've talked a bit about serverless. So it's something that's helping remove the friction, allow developers to take advantage of technology and definitely move really fast. So I'm really happy to welcome to the program coming from Fauna. First of all, I have the CTO and co-founder who is Evan Weaver. And also joining him is the new CEO, Eric Berg, that's had both from Fauna talking serverless, talking data as an API, and talking the modern database. So first of all, thank you both for joining us. Thanks for having us Stu. Okay, good to be here. All right, so Evan, we're going to start with you. I love, you know, talking to founders always, if you could take us back a little bit. Fauna as a project first before it was a company. You of course were an early employee at Twitter. So if you could just bring us back a little bit, you know, what created the Fauna project and, you know, bring us through a brief history if you would. So I was employee 15 at Twitter. I joined in 2008.  I was sort of a performance analyst and worked on Ruby on Railsites at CNET Networks with a team that went on to found GitHub actually. And I went to Twitter because I wanted Twitter the product to stay alive and for no, you know, no greater ambition than that. And I ended up running the backend engineering team there and building out all the distributed storage for the core business objects, tweets, timelines, the social graph, image storage, the cash, that kind of thing. And, you know, this was early in the cloud era. APIs were new and weird.  We were racking hardware in a co-location center and there were no databases or platforms for data of any kind. They really let us, the Twitter engineering team, focus on building the product. And we did a lot of open source work there, some of which has influenced Fauna. Originally Twitter's open source, you know, was hosted on the Fauna GitHub account, which predated Twitter, like you mentioned. And I was there for four years, built out the team, basically scaled the site, especially scaled the twitter.com API. And, you know, we just never found a platform which was suitable for what we were trying to accomplish. Like a lot of what Twitter did was itself a platform.  And we were frustrated that we basically had to become specialists in data systems because there wasn't a data API, we could just build the product on. And ultimately, that data API that we wished we had is now Fauna. Well, it's a story we've loved hearing and it's a fascinating one is that the marketplace wasn't doing what we needed. Often open source is a piece of that. How do we scale that out? How do we build that? Realize that the problem that you have is what others have?  So, could you give us that transition? You know, Fauna as a product, as a company, where was it understood that, hey, there's a lot of other people that can take advantage from some of the same tools that you needed before? I mean, we saw it, you know, we saw it in the developers working with the Twitter platform.  You know, people building against Twitter's API weren't doing that, they were just using the web interface that we provided to them. It was all our responsibility as a platform provider. We saw lots of successful companies being built on the API, but obviously it was limited specifically to interacting with tweets. And we also saw peers from Twitter who went on to found companies, other people we knew in the startup scene, you know, struggling to just get something out the door because they did do all this, you know, undifferentiated heavy lifting, which didn't contribute to their product at all. You know, if they did succeed, then they struggled with scalability problems and security problems and that kind of thing. And, you know, I think it's been a drag on the market overall, where essentially, you know, cloud services were more or less built for the enterprise, for mature and, you know, mid-market and enterprise companies that already had resources to put behind these things. Then there wasn't sort of the cloud equivalent of the web, where, you know, individuals, people with fewer resources, people starting new projects, you know, people doing more speculative work, which is what we originally in Jack was doing at Twitter, you just get going and build dynamic web applications.  To this Kubernetes containers, cloud, multi-site, multi-region world, where it's just too hard to get a basic product out the door. And now serverless has sort of brought that around full circle, and we see people building those products again, because the tools are finally matured. Well, Evan, I really appreciate you helping set the table. I think you clearly articulated some of the big challenges we're seeing in the industry right now. Eric, I want to bring you into the conversation. So you relatively recently brought in a CEO, came from Akta, a company that is also doing quite well. So give us if you could really the business opportunity here. You know, serverless is, you know, not exactly the most mature market. There's a lot of interest and excitement.  Yeah, absolutely. So, you know, the first thing I'll comment on is what, you know, when I was looking for my next opportunity, what was really important is to, you know, I think you can build some of the most interesting businesses and companies when there are significant technological shifts happening, you know, Akta, which you mentioned, took advantage of the fact of, you know, SaaS applications really being adopted by enterprise, which back in 2009, you know, wasn't exactly a known thing. And similarly, when I look at Fauna, you know, the move that I haven't talked about, which is really the maturation of serverless and therefore that as an underpinning for a new type of applications is really just starting to take hold. And so then there creates opportunities then for, you know, a variety of different, you know, people in that stack to build interesting businesses. And obviously the databases is, you know, is an incredibly important part of that. And the other thing I mentioned is that, you know, a lot of people don't know this, but there's a very good chunk of Akta's business, which is, you know, what they call their customer identity business, which is basically, you know, servicing up identity as a set of APIs that people can integrate into their applications. And you see a lot of enterprises using this as a part of their digital transformation effort. And so I was very familiar with that model and how prevalent, how much investment, how much pain was out there for customers as they were, you know, every company becoming a software company and needing to, you know, rethink their business and build applications. And so you put those two trends together and you just see that, you know, serverless is going to be able to, you know, meet the needs of a lot of those companies. And, you know, as Evan mentioned, you know, databases in general and traditionally have come with a lot of complexity from an operational perspective. And so when you look at the technology and some of the problems that Fonda has solved in terms of really removing all of that operational burden when it comes to, you know, starting with and scaling a database, not only, you know, locally, but globally, it's sort of a no-brainer. You know, everybody would love to have a database that scales, that is reliable, is secure, and that they don't have to manage. Yeah, Eric, just one follow-up question for you. I think back a few years ago, you talked to companies and it's like, okay, yeah, database is the center of my business. It's a big expense. I have a team that works on it. There's been so much change in the database market that most customers I talk to is I have lots of solutions out there. I'm using Mongo, I've got Snowflake, Amazon has flavors of things I'm looking at. You know, Snowflake just filed for their IPO, so we need the growth in the space. So maybe if you could just, you know, obviously serverless is a differentiation. There's a couple of solutions out there, like from Amazon, whether Aurora serverless solution, but how does Fauna, you know, look to differentiate? Could you give us a little bit of kind of compare to the market out there? Sure, yeah. So at the high level, just to clarify, you know, at the super high level for databases, there tends to be, you know, two types, operational databases, and then data warehouse, you know, which Snowflake is an example of data warehouse, and as you probably know, the former CEO of Snowflake is actually a chairman of Fauna, so Bob Muglia. So we have a lot of good insight into that business. But, you know, Fauna is very much on the operational database side, so the other half of that market, if you will, so really focused on being the core operational store for your application. And, you know, I think, Evan mentioned it a little bit, there's been, you know, a lot of the transformation that's happened if we rewind all the way back to the early 90s, when it was Oracle and the Microsoft SQL server were kind of the big players there. And then as those architectures basically hit limits when it came to applications moving to the web, you have this whole rise in a lot of different NoSQL solutions. But those solutions sort of gave up on some of the promises of a relational database in order to achieve some of the ability to scale and the performance required at the web. But we required then a little bit more sophistication, intelligence in order to be able to basically create logic in your application that could make up for the fact that those databases didn't actually deliver on the promises of traditional relational databases. And so, Enter FADA, and it's really sort of a combination of those two things, which is providing the trust, the security or reliability of a traditional relational database, but offering it as a serverless as we talked about at the scale that you need it for a web application. And so it's a very interesting combination of those capabilities that we think, as everyone was talking about, allows people who don't have large DevOps teams or very sophisticated developers who can code around some of the limitations of these other databases to really be able to use a database for what they're looking for. What I write to it is what I'm going to read from it and that we maintain that commitment and make that super easy. Yeah, it's important to know that part of the reason the operational database, the database for mission critical business data has remained a cost center is because the conventional wisdom was that something like FONA was impossible to build. People said, you can't, you literally cannot in information science create a global API for data, which is transactional and consistent and suitable for relying on for mission critical, user login, banking payments, user generated content, social graphs, internal IT data, anything that's irreplaceable. People said, there can be no general service that can do this. Ubiquitously at global internet scale, you have to do it specifically. So it's sort of like, we had no power company.  I didn't have to install the generator myself, but it's not a good experience. It's still a pain in the neck. It's still specific to the location you're at. It's not getting utility computing from the cloud the way that it's been a dream for many decades that we get all our services through brokers and APIs and the web. And it's finally real with serverless. So I want to emphasize that the font of technology is new and novel and based on an inspired by our experience at Twitter and also academic research with some of our advisors like Dr. Daniel Abadi. That's one of the things that attracted the snowflake chairman to our company that we'd solve groundbreaking problems and information science in the cloud, just the way snowflake had. Yeah, well, yeah, whatever. Yeah, please go on, Eric. Yeah, I was just going to add one thing to that, which is in addition, I think when you think about font and you mentioned MongoDB, I think they're one of the great examples of database companies over the last decade who's been able to build a standalone business. And if you look at it from a business model perspective, the thing that was really successful for them is they didn't go in to try to necessarily rip and replace big database migrations. They started involving with a new class of developers and new applications that were being developed and then rode that obviously into sort of a land and expand model into enterprises over time. And so when you think about Fata from a business and a value proposition, it's harnessing the technological innovation that Evan talked about. And then combining this with a product led bottoms of developer first business motion that kind of rides this technological shift into you creating a presence in the database market over time. Well, Evan, I just want to go back to that. It's impossible comment that you made. A lot of people that they learn about a technology and they feel that that's the way the technology works. Serverless is obviously often misunderstood from the name itself to, we had a conversation with Andy Jassy, the CEO of AWS a couple of years ago. And he said, if I could rebuild AWS from the ground up today, it would be using all serverless. That doesn't mean only Lambda, but they're rebuilding a lot of their pieces underneath it. So I look at the container world and we're only starting the last year or so talking about people using databases with Kubernetes and containers. So what is it that allows you to be able to have, as you said, there's the consistency. So we're talking about acid there, not worry about things like cold starts, which are a thing lots of people are concerned about when it comes to serverless. Help us understand a little bit that, what you do and the underlying technologies that you leverage. Yeah, databases are always the last to evolve because they're the riskiest to change and the hardest to build. And basically through the cloud era, we've done this lift and shift of existing on-premises solutions, especially with databases, into cloud machines. But it's still the metaphor of the physical computer, which is the overriding unit of granularity, mental concept, everything. Like you mentioned containers, like we had machines, then we had VMs, now we have containers, it's still a computer. And the database goes in that one computer in one spot and it sits there and you gotta talk to it wherever that is in the world, no matter how far away it is from you. And people said, well, the relational database is great. You can use locks within a single machine to make sure that you're not conflicting your data. When you update it, you're gonna have transactionality, you're gonna have serializability. But what do you do if you wanna make that experience highly available at global scale? And we went through a series of evolutions as an industry from initially the on-prem RDBMS to things like Google's percolator scheme, which essentially scales that up to data center scale and puts different parts of the traditional database on different physical machines on low latency links, but otherwise doesn't change the consistency properties. Then to things like Google Spanner, which rely on synchronized atomic clocks to guarantee consistency. Well, not everyone has synchronized atomic clocks just lying around. And there are also issues with noisy neighbors and tendency and things because you have to make sure that you can always read the clock in a consistent amount of time, not just have the time accurate in the first place. And Fauna is based on an inspired and evolved from an algorithm called Calvin, which came out of a body's lab at Yale. What Calvin does is invert the traditional database relationship and say instead of doing a bunch of work on the disk and then figuring out which transactions won by seeing what time it is, we will create a global predetermined order of transactions, which is arbitrary, by journaling them and replicating them. And then we will use that to essentially derive the time from the transactions, which have already been committed to disk. And then once we know the order, we can say which ones won and didn't win and which happened before, happened after and present the appearance of consistency to all possible observers. And when this paper came out, it came out about a decade ago now, I think. It was very opaque. There's a lot of kind of hand-waving exercises left to the reader, some scary statements about how it wasn't suitable for things that in particular SQL requires. We met my co-founder and I, Matt is Fauna's chief architect. He worked on my team at Twitter on one of the database groups. We were building Fauna, we were doing our market discovery or prototyping and we knew we needed to be a global API. We knew we needed low latency, high performance at global scale. We looked at Spanner and Spanner couldn't do it, but we found that this paper proposed a way that could and we can see based in our experience at Twitter that you could overcome all these obstacles, which had made the paper overall be neglected by industry. And it took us quite a while to implement it at industrial quality and scale, to qualify it with analysts and others proved to the world that it was real. And Eric mentioned Mongo, we did a lot of work with Cassandra as well at Twitter and we're early in the Cassandra community. Like I wrote the first tutorial for Cassandra for data stacks was founded. These vendors were telling people that you could not have transactionality and scale at the same time that it was literally impossible. And then we had this incrementalism like things with Spanner. And it wasn't until Fauna that anyone had proved to the world that that just wasn't true, that there was more marketing around their failure to solve the information science problem than something fundamental. Eric, I'm wondering if you're able to share just to order a magnitude, how many customers you have out there from a partnership standpoint, would like to understand a little bit how you work or fit into the public cloud ecosystems out there. I noticed that Alphabet's General Venture Fund was one of the contributors to the last raise. And obviously there's some underlying Google technology there. So if you could just customers and ecosystem. Yeah, yeah. So as I mentioned, we've had a very aggressive product-led developer go to market. And so we have tens of thousands of people now on the service using Fauna at different levels. And now we're focused on, how do we continue to build that momentum? Again, going back to the model of focused on a developer-led model, really what we're focused on there is taking everything that Evan just talked about, which is real and very differentiated in terms of the real core tech in the backend. And then combining that with a developer experience that makes it extremely easy to use. And really we think that's the magic in terms of what Fauna's bringing. So we've got tens of thousands of users and we've got more signing up every day, coming to the service. We have an aggressive free plan there and then they can migrate up to higher paying plans as they consume over time. And the ecosystem, we're aggressively playing in the broader serverless ecosystem. So whether it's, what we're looking at is as Evan mentioned, sometimes the database is the last thing to change. It's also not necessarily the first thing that a developer starts from when they think about building their application or their website. And so we're plugging into the larger serverless ecosystem where people are making their choices about potentially their compute platform or maybe a development platform. Like I know you've talked to the folks over at Jamstack and sorry, at Netlify and Purcell, who are big in the Jamstack community and providing really great workflows for a new web and application developers on these platforms. And then at the compute layer obviously, Amazon, Google, Microsoft all have a serverless compute solution. Cloudflare is doing some really interesting things out at the edge. And so there's a variety of people up and down that stack, if you will, when people are thinking about this new generation of applications that we're plugging into to make sure that the fauna is the default database choice. Wonderful. Last question, Evan, if I could, I love what I got somebody with your background, talk about just so many different technologies, maturing. Give us a little bit as to some of the challenges you see serverless ecosystem, what's being attacked? What do we still need to work on? I mean, serverless is in the same place that the lamp was in the early 90s. We have the open serverless ecosystem with the Jamstack players that Eric mentioned. We have closed proprietary ecosystems like the AWS stack or the Google Firebase stack. To your point, Google has also invested in us, so they're placing their bets widely. But it's the same kind of criticism that Lamp, that Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Pearl got. It's not mature, it's a toy. No one will ever use this for real business. We can't switch from DB2 or Mumps to MySQL. No one is doing that. The movement, the momentum in serverless is real and the challenge now is for all the vendors in collaboration with the community of developers to mature the tools as the products and applications being built on the new, more productive stack also mature. So we have to keep ahead of our audience and make sure we start delivering, and this is partly why Eric is here, that those mid-market and ultimately enterprise requirements so that businesses built on top of Fonda today can grow like Twitter did from small to giant. Yeah, I'd add on to that. This is reminiscent for me of back in 2009 at Okta, we were one of the early ISVs that built on and relied 100% on AWS. At that time, there was still, it was very commonplace for people racking and stacking their own boxes and using Kolo, and we used to have conversations about it. I wonder how long it's gonna be before we exceed the cost of this AWS thing and we go in and run our own data centers. And that would be laughable to even consider today, right? No one would ever even think about that. And I think serverless is in a similar situation where the consumption model is very attractive to get started, some people sitting there, is it gonna be too expensive as I scale? And as Evan mentioned, when we think about a few fast forward kind of with the innovation that we can anticipate both technologically and economically, it's just gonna be the default model that people are gonna wonder why they used to spend all these time managing these machines if they don't have to. Evan and Eric, thank you so much. It's great to hear the progress that you've made and big supporters of the serverless ecosystem, so excited to watch the progress there. Thanks so much. Thanks, James. All right, and I'm Stu Miniman. Stay tuned. Every week we are putting out the cloud native insights. Appreciate it. Thank you for watching.


I'd like to announce a new filmsbychrist.com, I've been working on redesigning the site and it is now up. I have designed it to make it easier for you guys to search through my videos. When you go to the main page you'll be greeted with a welcome and a donate button, don't forget about that. You'll also notice that right below that is a list of my recent videos with a search bar and as soon as you start typing in what you're looking for it will narrow down the list of all my videos that I have posted which is well over a thousand of them and it will bring up the search results. So check that out, there's also an option to go in and search through playlists and the same thing you type what you're looking for it will narrow down the playlists for you, click on it and it will give you a playlist to play. I've also been moving all my music over to SoundCloud and there will be a tab for that at the top, when you click on that you'll be greeted with the SoundCloud player for right now that might change in the future. Also there will be tabs for social networking, it will bring you to my Google Plus, Facebook, Twitter accounts, there's also a help option under there that will bring you to our IRC channel which is the appropriate place to ask questions not in YouTube comments. So go ahead and check that out and I really hope that you enjoy the new website I'm going to be adding to it and just trying to make it more efficient than it was before, a little cleaner looking and just make it easier for you guys to find what you're looking for. So I thank you, please be sure to visit the site, just go to filmsbychrist.com and you should be sent to the new site now and as always I thank you for watching and I hope that you have a great day.


Going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards been 22 23 putting the obsidian basketball hobby 12 box case break number two pick your Team-style read off the list of our names in our teams Bernard H with the Warriors Bradley R Thunder Brandon P Timberwolves Cheng Q with the Rockets Chris F bulls Chris D Blazers Kragas Pistons Debbie P magic James F Lakers Jeff M. Grizzlies maps Jeremy T with the Celtics Geon H with the Pacers Joey a Nuggets Josh and wizards kind of our Raptors Kansuki K with the Heat Keon K Clippers Mark M. Jazz Matthew P Cavaliers Michael V net Suns Nicholas D Pelicans Oriole C with the Kings Rory C Hawks Sixers Thomas T bucks Tim T Nick's Victor F Hornets in Y Lynn with the Spurs. Good luck everybody. Here we go More obsidian coming your way Sixers was It's Philly in this one Rory C. Rory C has a Philly sixers. All right. We've got Shaquille O'Neal 18 of 99 Mama tell me boy make a decision right now. I got to keep the tunnel vision Nice one there one of five Kyrie Irving for the maps That was the one I think the last team taken two is gonna be Jeff M. Nice one there. Let's see you win up in its entry You miss the tunnel vision Dylan Yeah, Johnny Davis for Lamella ball and Patrick Baldwin Yeah, it was Kyrie Irving too. It's like the most like perfect guy for it, too 58 of 149 nice one there's gonna be Galaxy Auto of Robin Lopez again for the Cavs And then we've got three of 49 Brandon Ingram Game use Jersey Auto for the pelicans. It's an interesting one. Yeah, I'm not yeah I was gonna say you have the Lakers in this one James No lemon cookies really good No, I didn't either. I'm with you on that March on Bo champ to 25 purple I say I'm ugly rookie to 99 Dream on green Jalen Williams rookie and Jeremy Grant 51 of 75 Josh Christopher nice one there Galaxy Auto for the Rockets and 20 of 75 Blake Wesley rookie Jersey Auto for the Spurs nice one there Spurs Rookie at Jersey Try man see like a big let's see like a LeBron like neon flood or something Want to see you in a pen it's entry We'll make a decision right now. I gotta keep that tunnel vision There's Bryce McGowan's to 30 Right now. I gotta keep that tunnel vision of Palo. That's actually pretty nice 29 of 75 That's pretty solid that's on that one there magic. I think it's Debbie again back-to-back breaks I didn't have any last case though, it's kind of I was kind of upset about that milestone is yelling nice one there That's actually kind of cool to put yamming in this and John Morant That is gonna be a redemption Obi-Toppin matrix mirror materials autos that's going to the Knicks Obviously, this is pre-trade to the Pacers, but yes, Obi-Toppin is a Nick nice one there. Grats New York and 3 of 10 Keegan Murray Rookie eruption on the gold auto King Grats on that one there yellow I should say Grats on that one there Kings Grats Sacramento I know it's a bunch of tunnel visions. He does not fall in that that's fair. That's fair Not belong in the summer Tyrese maxi on the blue 13 of 30 nice one there for the Sixers and body healed from the Pacers five of nine Got a Vince Carter Kyle Lowry Tim Duncan on your base. That's what coming up here 20 of 49 campaign Cameron pain on the Volcanic auto Grats sons Cool one here to 36 of 50 for the Lakers Galaxy Auto Nick Van Exel That's awesome. Don't see a lot of Nick Van Exel stuff. So I'm in on that. I'm so in on that Nick Van Exel For the Lakers, there you go James nice one there, buddy. It's gonna be a little brawn Irving to 30 for the maps that is gonna be two of 30 Jersey number two of 30 and Equinox KD 80 of 99 for the Suns nice one there Phoenix God Damian Miller Dennis Rodden Jordan Clarkson Vaughn tell me if you get this reference Tell me what's funny about this one 141 out of 199 Edmund Sumner going to the Nets Did I say rookie now Nick Van Exel is not a rookie if I said rookie? I'm just a bot if I said that with the 54th pick in the 2015 NBA draft the New Orleans Pelicans and Edmund Sumner select Edmund Sumner We've got Jalen Williams J Dubb rookie Jersey Auto going to the Thunder nice one there. Okay, see poor Mark Tatum The Denver Nuggets Monta Morris select Monta Morris small Ford Iowa State Ever seen that video? I don't think so. It's like in the one of the drafts.  Yeah, this one here got Mama tell me boy make a decision right now. I gotta keep that tunnel vision Oh 9 of 35 Jason Tatum nice one there and Volcanics on the super short print Anthony Edwards nice one there for the Timberwolves Very cool. Tell me boy make a decision right now. I got to keep that tunnel vision 14 of 75 LeBron nice one there James two in one pack.  There's a Corey Kispert galaxy second-year auto for the Wizards. I swung their wizards And redemption AJ Griffin rookie Jersey, Inc. go to the Hawks steal a draft AJ Grats on that there, okay, see I know that's all I took was one morning to launch me up the number one again easy Shades you might be on it again. I pray Shawn doesn't work with you when you rip this. Oh, he will at some point Oh, yeah, I'm sure Tuesday or Wednesday. It'll be at least the case for sure Got a stop sports thing is yellow eight of ten KP he might actually he might actually have no clue 32 of 99 that is Luca Donchich. I know it's gonna make him so much more mad that he doesn't understand it to Yeah There's Russell Westbrook. How are you smart and rookie and Donovan Mitchell 42 of 50 Bruce Brown. I just went there for the nuggets on the magnetic signature. She's got a payday from Indiana 20 of 35 David Roddy nice RPA there Three colored RPA for the Grizzlies that doesn't really shock me to be honest. I like this point. I've lost like all I've lost all faith in Donnie to understand even the simplest of references My next one green Jabari Smith nice one there for the Rockets 12 of 25 nice low number J B J or J S J Orange Bobby Portis three of 50 for the bucks Lou Dork Christian Brown rookie nice one there for the nuggets and every moment For the Knicks 19 of 149 that's gonna be Kenny Skywalker. Nice one there next. He's got such a nice auto As I was like always the same. It's always gorgeous There you go Knicks and 20 of 75 Johnny Davis rookie Jersey auto it for the Wizards No, I would I would I would I would say no I would Probably bet all of the money. I've ever had ever that the answer to that question is no I'll make sure he listens to it Purple buddy healed to at 99 So look what I don't like to see you winning right now. I got to keep that tunnel vision nice one there 18 of 75 another palo to that's a second alo tunnel vision to Unreal Maybe the beaker for the palo if you want. Yeah, I swung there Orlando It will change his life. I know it really will good Lord. Hey, I I have to soon move Steve Nash That's gonna be 113 of 149 Keon Johnson Galaxy I think that's what second-year auto for the Blazers Yeah, I'll come in with like the spiky Yeah, there's 74 of 149 Christian Coloco magnetic rookie auto it for the Raptors. I just won there congrats Toronto Listen to Cardi for a whole day. No, no, no, no big no He would like come out like Shellshox, he would like come out of that like yeah PTSD with that do you bad? Yeah, I'm gonna be good That's good. Not good. Not good Yeah, I like already Kim Porter jr. That is 99 For the Rockets, and we've got equinox Keegan Murray 16 of 99 for the Kings Walker Kessler Tyree smart and rookie and Jade and Ivy Vaughan. This is a card You need 90 of 90 or 80 of 99 to Neil Gallinari. That's for the Celtics right there. That's Celtics to Neil Gallinari Nice one there. Congrats seas and second-year 19 of 75 Davion Mitchell galaxy auto for the Kings. I Don't think he played Like the offseason You like the same picture these for Kevin Durant as a neck like three years straight, which is him standing with a basketball Blue Caleb Houston to 30 nice little color match there for the magic and Davion Mitchell on the orbital to 35 nice one there for the cabs Josh Minot, and they are really these bets are nuts. Jaden already rookie 25 of 99 of Vika Zubak Nice one there volcanic auto for the Clippers Vika Zubak Ribbit ribbit Zubak and 13 of 75 Nicola Yovish on the Jersey Auto nice one there for the heat Congrats heat I thought he was a Nicki Minaj off God Last pack here everybody good luck or last box as you say Josh Hart to 99 on purple and Come on orbital Davion Mitchell to 75 for the Cavaliers We've got a koala. Oh my god koala entered Anthony Davis Walker Kessler Vaughan This is another one right here. This is a weird team for this guy to be on 94 of 99 For the pelicans Tony Allen the grit and grind the legend On the pelicans that was like he was like there for like half a year dude. That's awesome though I swung there congrats New Orleans on that and 11 of 75 for the pistons. That's gonna be Grant Hill volcanic auto congrats Detroit. Nice one there Nice one there. I do a quick recap here guys We had the two tunnel visions who'd you have done? Paolo and Paolo that's gonna be numbered 29 of 75 and 16 of 75 We had AJ Griffin OB Toppin Jalen Williams Nick Van Exel That is gonna be Edmund Sumner Grant Hill Tony Allen Keon Johnson campaign Kenny Skywalker Davion Mitchell to Neil Gallinari of Vika Zubak Christian Coloco Corey Kispert Bruce Brown Robin Lopez Josh Christopher Brandon Ingram Blake Wesley Johnny Davis Nicola Jovic David Roddy and rookie eruption yellow to ten of Keegan Murray Three of ten I'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the film coming up next is number three number three


Hello everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh and Revealing Facebook. This was at Putt. I called the 175 Putts yesterday morning actually before the open when I saw Facebook how it was gapping and lo and behold I did not know about the news that was to come out yesterday and it made the stock crash. So I called them out actually till quite a while till the end of next week. But again with a move like this out of the gate you wouldn't be in it. Still you would be out and again this still could go lower but I really think when you do a training you have fast money really quick like this you get out of profit and that's what I tell everybody get out when you're up. So you could have bought this around two maybe would have paid a little bit more but it dropped and almost got to five as far as the cost of the option where you could have sold it. So say you bought something for two and you sell it for five what do you make three bucks. Now I don't think it actually got to five I don't think five was a high but it got pretty close. Anyways you're never going to get out of the low you're never going to get in a short just like you're never going to get out of the high and along but when you see a dramatic dive let's go back here like this is pretty easy to know to get the heck out and that is what it did. Actually let's look at it better on the minute here actually and this is yesterday I'm just behind I'm behind so many videos and so many things here right now I'm trying to get caught up but this was a really nice trade yesterday. I think pretty much everybody get out of it it was kind of like the one of those ones where it'd be crazy not to get out of it. I mean look at that and I was sitting here I was like where did that come from and there it was so beautiful beautiful here it is so this is Facebook yesterday as you can see drop drop drop oh no actually wait a minute no here here was the previous day where's he open oh no here here 930 612 drop push back look at all this and then again I liked it lower I called the trade in the morning in the pre-market and I know I did the news was coming out and then it collapsed literally in fact let's look at this from 177 277 to 172 88 if I had known it was going to fall like that I would have called the ones that expire tomorrow a heck of a lot cheaper but still to pay two for something and sell it for for something that's almost a hundred percent or a hundred percent depending what you paid for it return an investment in one day and very quickly and it basically all came into this dramatic move so interesting enough there it is but I will say though that I do like this lower still in the picture here that we're looking at right now it rally today slightly but really didn't go anywhere and again I've been looking at this lower ever since back from here which was the gap up that failed to go higher and it never really could quite control the selling after this and that is what happened and as you know this was a really big one here that was last week this you could have done this this was beautiful yesterday and anything could happen here again in this so be watching this for the possibility of more more trades to be called in Facebook but really nice move in that there yesterday and it was fast and that's the best way to do them but again you know you got to give these things a little bit of time because you're never really sure when the sell-off is going to happen but it this happened the immediate day that I called it and it happened quick and fast the big which is good for something to drop like that you know $3 under the strike is fantastic so you get you get it out and you booked the money when you're when you're trading when you're actively trading and it just doesn't matter if your day trading or options trading you take it book it take it book it take it book it take it book it you know it's it's that's the way you got to do it the way you got to play it anyways good luck everyone we'll see what Facebook goes I'll be tracking this just to watch email me at Melissa the stockswish.com if you'd like more information great job everybody that did this great exit on this yesterday again you have a move like that you got to take the profits tell everyone get out when you're up it was really easy today to watch this I mean yesterday to watch us and see where to exit though just a nice nice sell-off and I will be continuing to watch the stock and see what it does if you're interested in the gap options let our email me at Melissa at the stockswish.com


Agents are scared of picking up the phone today, right? You're sitting there right now. You're not making calls. You're not running enough appointments.  All right. I believe that agents are afraid to pick up the phone for a few different reasons. One reason would be, hey, I'm not skilled enough. I don't know what to say, right? I mean, I think that's the first step because if you know what to say, if you know the words that are ready to flow out, then it's a lot easier because that instills confidence. So maybe what you're saying, that's a big portion. Also, how you say it, when to say it. Most people don't know. Not only do I know what to say, they don't even know, right? Then on the script, they haven't role played. So they're not like, they've never done it before. Maybe it's like a first time thing, right? Maybe it's the fact that you don't know when to call, the right hours, the right days, all the different things of the phone, right? There's a lot of different reasons why you would be afraid of this thing right here.  It's a safe zone for everybody on phone phenom. You're like, dude, I'm scared of the phone. If that's the case, I really believe that a lack of confidence will create your fear. I also believe that you not doing it and becoming a master of it and not starting will create fear. Once you start, it will start to... I'm gonna put it over here so Instagram can check it out today. Once you start, it will start to eliminate some of that anxiety, that stress, that fear of you being afraid of picking that sucker up. Okay? I believe that you should do things that you don't like to do. There's a lot of people out there that would say, hey, this is a safe zone. We can be honest together today, right? Let's all drink some water real quick. Okay? Maybe it's to help with some of that anxiety. A little H2O. Stay hydrated because you can be afraid. But if you don't drink enough water, you may pass out, right? I really believe that not only do our agents scared of the phone, but I believe that in this industry, it's the greatest industry in the world. 92% of interest agents fail. I believe you should do things that you hate to do. I believe you should do things you don't like to do. I know that I was successful because I did things I did not want to do. A lot of people out there, whether it's in our industry, outside of our industry, will say, hey, you don't have to do things you don't want to do. Just do whatever you want to do, be happy with it, and you're going to be amazing and wonderful, okay? I don't agree with them because I'm starting to implement things into my day-to-day business, my life, and my practice that I don't like to do on purpose. Because I'm tired of seeing agents not do the tough things, right? I've sort of taken cold showers daily, Dylan. Daily.  You like them, but I hate them, right? But you know what? It's tough, man. It's about me mentally tough. We get some comments or questions or anything you want to chime in with today over there. Here. There he is. Don't be this dude, man.  He is freaking scared. The dude's like, right? He's scared, man. When most of you look like that when you're about to pick up the phone. Okay, but there's no reason to feel that way. There's no reason to think that way. There's no reason to be that dude or do that, right? Instead, let's embrace it because it's the most powerful sales tool on planet freaking earth, okay? It's valuable.  You can master sales. You can make any amount of money you ever want to make. Once you become a master of that thing. I also believe that like that's the one of the reasons Dylan, I'll work out, right? I'm thinking of that song, right? I'll work out. I'll work out. Maybe I'll take a cold shower, right? Maybe I'll eat breakfast. I don't like to eat breakfast. I just don't like the food is fuel. Maybe I'll write down my goals twice every single day because it's important, right? Maybe I'll watch educational videos or read a book. Maybe I'll do things because I want to be better and I don't like learning and reading. But I want to be better. I want to be great. I want to be the best version of myself, right? So that's why you should do things that you don't like to do. I'm not you're going to sugarcoat it today. You should do things that you hate doing, including picking up this thing right here, okay? Most of you don't like to do it, right? Most of you are scared of this thing. Most of you hate it. And that's exactly why you should pick it up, okay? In general, we struggle with the phone because we don't pick it up enough. 1,000 times later, help me count to 1,000 real quick, Dylan. Or 10,000 times later, guess what? It doesn't feel as heavy. Maybe my bicep got stronger from picking it up 10,000 times. But in reality, I'm going to be more confident in my ability if I pick it up a lot. I think that's the biggest thing with anything we do. The more you do it, the more confidence you have, okay? It's just like me when I haven't golfed all year. And I go out and play for the first time of the year, right? Maybe I'm not as confident as the second time I go out. Same thing, maybe basketball, right? I used to play in college, but I don't play as much. I played only a couple of times all year. If I played more, I'd be more confident in my ability. I'm still pretty confident in my ability, but I can be more confident. You can always go to that next confident level, right? Any comments, thoughts? Yeah, we got some stuff. Let's do it, man. I need you guys to flood the comments today so Dylan can't keep up. You just said I lose papers with content, no idea why I'm calling. And I shot it for someone with air to call back. Yep. I think that's the biggest reason why we read the script the way we do. Because that's why I don't pause. I assume everything. And you're going to get that with calls, especially done with you, man. They shouldn't do it. They shouldn't do it because they did it, right? But they do. They're still going to lie because they're going to give you an objection. Every lead that we've ever generated has responded 100% of the time. And they tell agents they don't and they just believe them. And then agents don't set the appointment. Then they get upset.  Well, who knows, right? But at the end of the day, it's in our ability to control the call and to become a master of this. I love being a master of the telephone. I love being amazing on the telephone because I keep control of the call. And that typically, Dylan's seen me. I typically get what I want. Dylan, I'm going to quiz Dylan of the lead's answer to the phone. You've seen me do a lot of live dials, right? Have you probably seen me make hundreds of dials, maybe including call and call, maybe thousands? Was that fair? That true? Because this is a safe zone, right? But we've got to be honest. This is a safe zone. We've got to be honest today. Okay. He says it's true. Can they hear you today? Maybe. He said true. Even if he didn't, I was going to say, I'm just kidding. He said true. Out of those that answer the phone, what percentage of the time do I set an appointment when I speak to someone? Eight out of 10? I would say I was thinking about 75% probably of people I speak to. 60 to 80% pretty consistently. He's being nice, yeah. More around 7 to 8 out of every 10 I speak to, I said an appointment. That's because I've picked up this thing a lot, right? Also though, out of those 10, how many are going to give me an objection, you know? Or say something off the wall? Probably all of them. Dude, he's right. 9 out of 10 will give you an objection. We'll say something dumb. We'll lie. We'll surprise you. And he's 100% right.  You know what I mean? Like even if I put in roofing in Springfield, Missouri, and I need a new roof, right? I don't, but let's just hypothetically say I did. I'm not going to say, I'm not going to like, when the first person calls me and says, hey, you said you wanted a roof. I'm the roofer. Okay? I'm busy. I don't have the money, right? I'm going to make something up because maybe the roofer just doesn't know how to make a call. Okay? So in the day, there's a lot of reasons you're scared, but this is a safe place. No reason to be scared anymore. But you will always be scared. You will be scared forever unless you pick it up today. Okay? The more you pick it up, the less scared I get. That's why I do live dials.  I don't care because I'm confident in my ability and I've done it enough that I'm not scared of the phone anymore. Most people are afraid. They're biting their nails, right? They're like freaking out. I don't know what to do, but this is a safe place. This is a safe zone. At the end of the day, we're here to do this because we want to help you. We're here to do this because we want to motivate you. We're here to do this because we want to challenge you. We're here to do this because we want to remind you that you can't do everything that you love. You got to do stuff that you hate, Jennifer. You know what I'm saying? You have to do things that you do not like to do, Michael. Bob, I'm with you, bro, but you got to do things that you don't want to do. All right? At the end of the day, it doesn't matter. The people that are successful people do what unsuccessful people are unwilling to do. Successful people pick up the phone. Unsuccessful people are unwilling to pick up the phone because they're afraid. So you have a decision to make right now before we wrap up phone phenome. You have one decision to make today. Are you going to do the things that you don't want to do and be successful and reap the reward of doing something you don't want to do, right? And be the top in your industry and freaking dominate and scale and do it. Or are you going to be afraid of the phone forever? Or are you going to be afraid of the phone forever? It's your choice. It's up to you. At the end of the day, you can get past it right now or you can be scared forever. People aren't confident in something until they do it, right? And once they do it, they gain a little bit of confidence. So if you do it early and often, like something I used to do, Dylan, like something I used to do Dylan is I would make myself do the hardest thing of my day every single day. That's also why I do cold showers in the morning now because it's something I hate. But I get it out of the way because it's tough and I want to do the tough stuff right off the bat because other people aren't going to do it. You know what I'm saying, Jay, if you want to be a leader, you want to get ahead of the pack and you want to freaking start to do it, then you'll do things that other people don't want to do. You know what I'm saying? We got anything good over there? Yeah, we got a Let's Mind Travel on YouTube says pretty insightful comment. Excitement and fear feel the same until you shift your mindset and keep your skill up. Mmm. Excitement and fear feel the same until you get your skill up. I like that. I like that. You know, that's so true. Lack of skill equals a lack of confidence. A lack of confidence equals fear. So until you get some more skill, Raphael, you're going to be scared because you're going to have less confidence in it. Anything else over there? Any other insightful people? Nate, what's up, bro? Oh, um, for me, it's always, I don't know why I get to six calls and then I just start pounding, man. Six calls and then I pound. Okay. Good question, buddy. That dude's a gym rat, man. He's a beast. He's in success society, too, because he's a winner. How many times should you call someone a day if they don't answer the first time you call? How many times do you call in the first day? Three. Three. Three. Three calls in the first day. I've also, uh, I've also called someone as many as six times in one day. And most people say, dude, you're nuts. That's insane. But I called them and they, they answered the sixth time. We have nine o'clock at night and they said, hey, she said, I've got all your calls, your voicemails. Thanks for following up. You've been great. You've been most persistent. Can you come see us tomorrow? And I'm like, that's good. Most people, most people like get these preconceived negative notions that they're going to be mad, but they requested it. You know, I'm just doing them a favor. What else? Jesse says, what is the success society? The success society is a private inner circle group that I'm creating to where we let one person a day into the success society. Normally only one time a month. Okay. What we're doing right now is the success society is a new exclusive inner circle where I do weekly accountability calls every week. I do monthly coaching sessions with a co-host. I bring someone in that's a power player every month. Quarterly marketing sessions is my marketing team every quarter. Okay. We're also doing a private exclusive penthouse mastermind at 8% Nation. You can come to my hotel room with the speakers and hang out.  We're doing a lot of different things with that inner circle. It's exclusive because I want to sprint to success together. Okay. Email me. I'll let one person in. Email me. Cody at Codyaskins.com. I'll get you in. Okay. It's a 12 month program. It's only $199 a month. Email me and I'll get you in. And a lot of people are saying, dude, why did you charge so little? Because at the end of the day it's more important to me about helping agents and the value. And I need it to seem so unbelievable as the price feels so small. And that's just the way I sell. That's just the way I present things. I've had moments of mistakes where I tried to charge too much for stuff in the past. Not anymore. Okay. So email me. Cody at Codyaskins.com. I'll get you in. Thanks for watching Phone Feena. I hope you had a great rest of your week. Appreciate you watching. Share this with an agent right now that needs to see it and go pick up the phone. Hey, if you love the video, which I know you did. I got two things I want you to do right now. In order, number one, click subscribe. Right now, click the bell. Also, obviously like this video. I've got two other videos that you would absolutely love. And I'm going to recommend one. The first one is five easy phone sales tips for life insurance agents. The second one, which I actually want you to click on, is the top five mistakes that new insurance agents make. Click on it and I'll see you there.


I think everybody in the world loves leftover spaghetti noodles.  Check it out. So starts out with your pasta in a bowl and then you just simply get you a tablespoon of butter or so. And we microwave. All right, our noodles are heated up. Now we do this. Ah, you're going to need some cheese. What you really need is the Dano's cheesening. It's not seasoning, it's cheesening.  Give it a mix. More cheesening and give it a try. Yep, I'm definitely going to jail for that one. Yum, yum, get you some.


The next example, let us say that we have a line, a workshop line in which air is flowing at some pressure and temperature. We have a vessel and we connect the line to the vessel through a valve. We open the valve, fill the vessel with air, a certain amount of air and then we close the valve. So, the only difference between this and the previous example is that in the previous example, we allowed the vessel to be filled from the atmosphere. So, here we are actually filling the vessel from a line. So, it could be a steam line, it could be a high pressure air line and the vessel may be initially evacuated or it may be at a pressure less than the line pressure. We open the valve and allow a certain amount of air or steam to come in and fill the vessel then we close the valve. So, we used to do a thermodynamic analysis of this situation using the system approach. So, we want to define an appropriate system for this case. Since again here also, we have to visualize the process before defining the system. The basis of defining the system is always the same, it should contain the same amount of mass throughout. So, in this case, there could be some mass inside the vessel to begin with, it could be evacuated or it need not be evacuated. So, there is some amount of mass inside the vessel to begin with and there is some amount of mass in the line which actually enters the vessel. So, we define a system which takes into account both these masses which encompasses both these masses then define that as our system and that is what we have done here. This is the mass that is waiting to enter the vessel. This is the mass that may already be in the vessel, the vessel is evacuated this may be 0 otherwise it is non-zero. So, we take these two together and then we define that as our system. Once again the question of what should be the shape or is the shape of this particular system boundary important or not arises, but again we will justify this later I can say for now that the shape of this part of the system boundary is actually immaterial. So, this is what the system looks like at the beginning of the process and then we open the valve a crack providing resistance and making sure that the filling process takes place slowly and as the air or steam from the line enters the vessel the process continues then finally once this has entered this has entered we actually close the valve and this is the final system. So, in this case also notice that the system as defined here contains the same amount of mass from beginning to end and the process takes place slowly thanks to the valve. So, the system boundary which is deforming so this part of the system boundary is actually the one that is undergoing deformation these parts are remain stationary they are undeformed. So, this is the one that is undergoing deformation. So, the part of the system boundary that is undergoing deformation is known at all instance during the process and so the properties of the system and in this part of the system are also known at all instance in time during the process. So, whether it is air or steam is immaterial so the air that is finally in the vessel is identified as a system. So, basically what we are saying here is that there is a certain amount of air or steam in the line and we are filling the vessel with that so the initial mass plus the mass that enters is the mass of the system. So, once we define the system appropriately by using that idea the analysis becomes simple. As we said the part of the system boundary inside the line shrinks during the process as a result of the work done to push it inside. So, notice that here this part of the system boundary you can see that this part of the system boundary shrinks from a certain value initially to 0 at the end of the process which means that the air in the line is actually pushing this air inside the vessel against the resistance provided by the valve. So, this part of the system boundary contracts which from which we can infer that the surroundings are actually doing work on the system. We look at one more example here we have a rigid vessel which contains air and instead of using it to fill a balloon like we did before we simply empty the air from the vessel into the atmosphere but slowly through a valve. So, we wish to do a carry out a thermodynamic analysis of this situation. Let us see how we can define a suitable system. Once again here also we need to think things through before defining the system. The guiding principle always is that the mass that is in the system should be the same throughout and the boundaries must be and the system boundary must be known unambiguously from beginning to end so that the properties are known. So, here we have a vessel and we open the valve and allow a certain amount of air to go out. So, when we close the valve finally a certain amount of air remains in the vessel. So, we use that as the system. So, we define the system based on the final state or the process takes place and then we have some amount of air so we use that as our system. So, this is the amount of air that finally remains in the system. Now, initially when the process begins this would have been the air say for instance like this. So, this amount of air which is shown here this is our system so the amount of air within this boundary is what we are focusing our attention on. So, this air as the process goes on expands and eventually fills the entire vessel. So, the dashed line or the system that we have used here always contains the same amount of mass and this air expands and eventually fills the whole vessel. So, we need to actually think the process through and define the system. The advantage is that when we do this and define an appropriate system the analysis becomes very easy. Once a system a proper system is defined after looking at all the aspects of the problem the physics of the problem then the analysis part becomes very simple as we will see later. Once again the shape of the system that we have initial system that we are the initial shape of the system that we have chosen here is immaterial for the analysis it could have been any amoeba shape. So, we could have chosen something like this as our we could have chosen something like this as our initial system and as it expands it will go and fill the entire vessel at the end of the process that is what is the actual shape is immaterial. What is important is the concept that the final mass that is in the vessel should be taken as a system and we then work backwards and identify the initial shape of the system. So, let us summarize what we have said about this particular example. Once again the air that is finally in the vessel is identified as the thermodynamic system. The initial configuration is shown as a circle for illustrative purposes only as I said the actual shape is immaterial this we will justify in the module on work and heat when we develop expressions for displacement work. The system expands from this initial configuration during the process and eventually fills the entire vessel. So, we can infer then that this system is actually doing work to push the air out of the vessel. So, work is being done by the system in this case and the valve ensures that the process takes place slowly otherwise the air will rush out of the vessel and we will not know the locations of the intermediate boundaries or system boundaries nor will we know the properties of the system at every point in the system it will be non-uniform. So, we will not know the property values unambiguously. The last example that we are going to look at is an air compressor. So, here we have a reciprocating air compressor which sort of resembles piston cylinder mechanism but it has these two valves. So, there is an intake valve here and there is an outlet valve here. So, the way this compressor operates is the intake valve is open and a certain amount of air is drawn in. So, you see the intake valve being open here and a certain amount of air let us say under cc of air is drawn inside the cylinder and then the intake valve is closed then the piston moves like this and compresses the air. So, we want to do or carry out a thermodynamic analysis of the intake stroke alone of this reciprocating compressor which means from the instant the valve opens to the instant when the valve closes. So, system for this based on the examples that we have discussed so far you should be able to define this system for this particular as suitable for this case it encloses the same amount of mass throughout. And the important thing here is that in contrast to the other examples here two parts of the system boundary deformed during the process. This part of the system boundary deforms and shrinks as the process takes place and this part of the system boundary expands as the process takes place as the piston moves to the right. So, the piston moves to the right here. So, this part of the system boundary expands. So, from which we can probably can infer that the work interaction in this part of the system boundary actually such that the surroundings are actually doing work to push this air inside the cylinder against the resistance provided by the valve. And this part of the system boundary is actually expanding. So, it is doing work against the resistance that is provided at the end of this connecting rod. So, it is connected to a motor or it is connected to a crankshaft and so on which will provide a certain resistance. So, this part of the system boundary is doing work against the resistance as it moves to the right. So, the work interaction on this part of the system boundary is the exact opposite of work interaction on this part of the system boundary. So, that is the interesting aspect of this particular example. It also illustrates the fact that the definition of system that we have given and the approach that we have taken in defining it is very general. It is not restricted, we are not restricted to defining systems which can differ only in one part. We can define systems which can deform in multiple parts and the nature of the deformation can also be different. One part it could be contracting, another part it could be expanding, all of which can be accommodated in our definition for the thermodynamic system and we will show that this can all be accommodated in our analysis later on. And when we actually calculate the displacement work for a system like this, it nicely comes out to be the algebraic sum of the all the work interactions. So, basically the work interaction here could be as it the work interaction and it shrinks is of a certain sign surroundings are doing work, here system is doing work on the surroundings. So, when we develop an expression for displacement work, it actually very nicely gives us the algebraic sum of all these work interactions with the appropriate magnitude and sense. So, let us summarize what we have said so far in this particular example. So, the part of the system boundary in the atmosphere shrinks in volume which indicates that work is being done by the atmosphere to push the air inside the cylinder against the resistance provided by the valve. Now, the part of the system boundary adjacent to the piston expands and it does work against the resistance provided by the atmosphere as well as whatever external agent is connected to it which powers the compressor. So, the system deforms while always containing the same mass, it deforms in such a way as to contain the same amount of mass and once again the exact shape of the system boundary in the atmosphere is immaterial and this is something that we will demonstrate later on. It will justify later on. In all the previous examples, the process was guaranteed to take place slowly. In other words, the process was a fully resisted process owing to the resistance provided by in some cases the atmosphere, the mass of the piston, the mass itself, the valve and or an external agent. So, for instance, if you look at this example, the resistance in this case is provided by the external agent on this side and if you look at the previous examples, then in this case the resistance is provided by the valve itself and so on. So, the presence of one of these things ensured that the process actually was a fully resisted process. In contrast, what we are going to look at next is an example which involves a partially resisted or an unrestrained expansion process. This also this kind of process also occurs in real life applications. So, we should see how we can handle, if we can handle a situation like this where the process is partially or fully resisted. Notice that even if the process is partially resisted, the boundaries of the system at intermediate time instance will not be known and the properties of the system at intermediate time instance will also not be known unambiguously. So, whether it is partially resisted or whether it is unresisted is actually material as far as our framework is concerned. Any process that takes place must be a fully resisted process. So, in this example, we have a container, rigid container. On the left half of the container, we have air at let us say some high pressure and the left half is separated from the right half, we remove the partition. Now the right half may be partially or fully evacuated. At time 0, we remove the partition and the air then expands rapidly to fill the entire container and eventually attains an equilibrium state. So, that is the problem description. Now, we wish to find out whether we can analyze this problem using a thermodynamic, using system approach. So, here is the illustration of the problem. So, initially we have air on the left side of this rigid vessel, there is a partition. In the right side is partially or fully evacuated, the partition is removed and the air is allowed to expand fully and occupy the entire container and it comes to equilibrium after some time. Now, it may be tempting to define a system say like this for this particular problem, why not define a system that looks like this. So, this contains the air and we can somehow argue that as the air expands, the system boundary, this boundary will also deform to contain the same amount of air. The difficulty with defining the system in this manner is that the air in this part of the system undergoes a rapid expansion. So, we must have a method by which we can actually keep track of the system boundary and that is almost impossible to do, that is number one. Number two, as the air in this part of the system undergoes a rapid expansion, the pressure and temperature here are likely to be different, if not substantially different from the pressure and temperature of the air at other part, for example, the left part of the system. So, even if we somehow manage to come up with a method by which we can keep track of the system boundary, it is still not a valid system because the property values will not be uniform. So, this sort of a system is actually not helpful for analysis. So, what we need is a system which is like this. So, this system as shown by the dashed line encloses the entire box. So, it could be partially evaluated, fully evaluated, whatever it encloses the entire container. And as the air expands, it undergoes and still occupies the container. So, the system that we have defined here is a valid system and the boundaries of the systems are actually fixed and known at all instances in time, it always contains the same amount of mass. However, we know the properties unambiguously at the beginning of the process and we know the properties unambiguously at the end of the process, but probably not, certainly not during the intermediate stages because it is undergoing a rapid expansion. So, this system is better than what acceptable the compared to what we defined earlier. Although the intermediate properties are still not or properties at intermediate instance are still not known, but that has to do with the nature of the process and nothing can be done about that. But at least this system may actually be used for a thermodynamic analysis. How do we do that? Let us take a look. Oh, I am sorry. We can actually see in this case that because all the system boundaries, so for instance, the boundary here, boundary there, all the boundaries are fixed, we may easily conclude from this that the displacement work for this case is 0 because no part of the system boundary deforms. So, neither the system nor the surroundings are actually exchanging work in this particular case. So, the work interaction irrespective of whether it is fully right side is fully evacuated or partially evacuated is 0. Now, there are actually a lot of misconceptions about this particular problem. The answer of 0 work in the case of fully evacuated can probably be erroneously arrived at by a couple of different methods. So, let us consider the fully evacuated case. The argument in this case goes like this, erroneous argument in this case goes like this. So, we actually define a system like this and this side is fully evacuated. So, this expands. We do not really, the argument goes like this. We do not really need to know the shape of the system boundary at the intermediate instance because anyway the resisting pressure is 0. So, which means work done is 0. That argument is not correct because it assumes that the work interaction depends only on the external pressure or resisting pressure which is we have not really said that to be the case. Now, the other reason why this explanation falls apart may be understood by considering the case when it is partially evacuated. So, it is not fully evacuated, it is partially evacuated. In this case, if you keep the same system boundary which of course we cannot because there will be material here. So, we have to modify this, but what do we do in that case? Do we take the resisting pressure and evaluate the work or do we take this pressure and evaluate the work or do we take the difference and evaluate the work? Turns out that we do not actually have any of these choices. Once we define displacement work and derive an expression for it, turns out that we do not have any such choices. So, in the pathological case when it is fully evacuated, one can actually erroneously arrive at the answer of zero work for this case, but again bear in mind that that is actually not correct. What we have argued here is the correct thing because no part of the system boundary deforms. We may say that the displacement work in this case is zero. That is the correct way to understand this problem and that is the correct way to define a system for this problem. So, this concludes our discussion of thermodynamic system and hopefully by this time you should have understood that what was seemingly a very simple concept system. And now actually is not so simple once you start looking at subtle aspects of what is required to define a system. In fact, you need to sort of go through the physics of the entire problem, understand what is required and then define a system appropriately because as you saw in some of these cases, you need to know the final state before you can define the system. So, the system analysis requires a lot of thought upfront before you actually define a system. But the advantage is that once an appropriate system is defined, the analysis becomes simple because a lot of thought has already gone into defining the system and so the analysis becomes simple.


Karimuza Nkutani ... inchang清agini ya na mla mwa? Kwaun ti ya chainsia. Cheese DashχانEnds Cransoya.. ... Cransoya the look of Mla mwa  degrees in the building. ですね elei Okay, I'm Kendrick Mulamoa, born David O'Andrell, and I'm not sure if you can make it. See, you just start. The best thing is to start one foot, the next one, if you want to start the next one. What is the motivation of all the speech? I want to introduce. Yeah. Mulamoa. So, what is your name? Mulamoa. Yes. What is your agriculture? Agriculture is a problem. Agriculture. Me, I'm government-fatriza and the pure energy headquarters. We're so good with becoming With Bär. We keep żecha and mention 10 parts we are interested intitng when Guard does and takes away. Fatigualなんです, I love basicwork activities we have fililitators and juke, I run a cabinet, since February 2020, I stroke the name of November and we work with kwa kato on the ng יודע car. Called the way we like to work. Do you love your girlfriend? I love that girl very much. We already have families. Ata na meza pitu na katu mimungoji afiki Mlamwa is in the valley on wa in the morning It doesn't get better than this white 54 channel on Twitter, white 54 and the school channel on Instagram And white 54 on Facebook Don't forget the hashtag white in the morning And don't forget the hashtag social Friday we here So Mlamwa Yes You're all the way from Kitale, Transoya County Is it vituli reko dia Transoya?  Waya Kitale Ya, I've grown up in Kitale Wukanda shule wuku bado? In meyanda wuku primary since primary 3 Secondary me kwa senta Antoniapo So ni me kwa tukitale College do mendelekre loret kidogo bada Nice one, so college will be some hanging Nili fanya degree in nursing, more university You are a nurse? Ya, by profession Qualified Qualified nurse? Ya Uko about to re-registered as a Ya, actually right now in Nairobi ni kointanship kenyata Kointanship kenyata? Ya Part of your job as a nurse niku uchakesha o gonjoa Was kia poa kiasi? Kuna o gonjoa kuna o gonjoa kasi rika Ukiwa chakesha niya kwa ni poa But comedy is your passion? Comedy is my passion because whenever I'm with people ni kiyongia They just get happy So it's like I'm not forcing ni na punya tu? What one appenda tu? What one appenda tu vileiko tu iwa sroha cities? Ima ono kuna swagsana ataviatu zimefa nana Ono fkiri maisha angunimbaya kama ya Ora jo niki poa na kwa Lens nituofa utibana Ni stay in my lane Suna reakuni tadhan Una kama utafiki Una kama utafiki To send your views, your comments, your suggestions and your questions Direct them to Milamwa We have him in studio You guys I know you love him online But you can talk to him directly today So brother When we seek upona persona flani online Kuna accentu na tumia Accent? Yes Ni accentu ya kutoka say mga ni ya kan?  Wana penda kuku? Na wana iti amboga? Iwa ni constant Iwa ni common denominator Kuku Ataka kitale bungoma Iwa inafana Iwa inafana constant Naki ni watuwa bungoma na julika na jwenin? Watuwa bungoma Iwa suwa na kula Okay Kukula Ah, ya nitu bakatu ishe Lasi ma ishe Lasi ma ishe wabu siwa Wawana iti ni asfuriya wama wasa anima Di kwa made in China Nde ya watu Bungoma Kitale na wabu Busiya So naka busiya Busiya na wame julika na wajibi Wawase siwa Wawana watuwa busiya Kitale na wawana wawangu Wawango They just cheat for no reason Kuna muminada nuli kwa namoma ni tumie pes Ane ni ambiyatia Ati anken tumie 10,000 Niti si mwa subi ya ke batu nia zero ifan Asa always kupia Batu nia zero ati asia pini ya Niki kwa mabe hiya ni tumie 999 9999 Pa da nende nasia 2 Wong Atiba dupini ya ke kuna zero Alafu jeewani akani ambiya Akani treks na li tukutana sa kumina Yo kumia mai ntika 10 we need to talk of Bunda scares me iza sewa zero kwa to wakutang kwa otwa Vigo account we should support real N inici because Vigo is the most beautiful l upon union it lasts more until summer when i eat tea in gi you know a scout We needed food to get milk for it We needed tea Ndakela kwa mboga kuli kutali We had to cook and give kakinim panma Ma nuqib custom After disparities it has to be wheat So it must be varmint Then we need to cook임 Kweza it's-, Pochock kweza Ya, I've always been like this, but it was a... I'm not sure if it's because of my personality, because of Shule, Nini. So I was focused on school more than the comical part. Don't know what to say then, but these were years I couldn't just jot down. Okay. So I was waiting for the opportune time to do it. So kuna mademiflani wakitali wami kwa kini sumboa? Atia omlamo atuna juwana, tumetokan bali. Wakitali? Wakitali wami, nikawume blok nambazausi. Ju ishida kwa? Ya, so yes, blok mademi. Mabuendo na eka blok kapisi. Okay. Mademapana, I can't block them. I love girls so much. You love girls so much. I love them in plural, kawingia. In plural? Ya. Kuna moja akuna special place in your heart? Ehe. E, mbo na na kungarana isi na kwa. Leo nime kwa kwa kwa kwa. Kwa niya kuna hatuna skiza na nengoja ni toketuwa kwa. I say, say ma ni kwa committed, ni kwa closed. But I'm working, I'm working because na juwana kama ume fokus kwa career. Ume fokus kwa comedy. It should make those quanzas ishike, then you can venture into relationships, serious relationships and marriages. You can step by step. Kichanga niya hote utajipata ume, ume gmix. Kumbu kuna wisidompi akuna na ni? Ubitanya dunatumi ya wana. Nibitu kwa. Okay. Nani storya miwa. Miwa kule kutaleni frute? Miwa isafruti na dependu na kula sangap. No, na nizai kula badia mills. Before mills ama subuyuki brashmen, huna jo it's a good root brush. Tukbrash? Ya. Uitu miwa kama tukbrush. Uitu suwa lo. Very nice. Very nice. Tukake. Anyway, don't forget to hit us up on WhiteFive on Twitter, WhiteFive on Instagram and WhiteFive on Facebook. The hashtag is why in the morning. The hashtag is of your Friday. We still have a lot lined up for you. We're going to engage Mr. Muglamwa himself in a very, very different kind of game today. I know you don't want to miss this. Anyway, Muglamwa. Yes. All this talent, inakama na responsibility, inakama na fame na yo sayu na get very famous. You're meeting important people. You're meeting famous people. Hachansi semi important famous people. Kilam sana ku hit up sayi. Ah, nili kucheki na penda vinyu na fanya ni nanini. I fame on the Chukuli Age. Hey, kwanzaa apu kwa store kia fame. Misuku jo ita ku jeifu. I wasn't doing it for fame. Mi kwa na fanya ku jibamba like the videos. I li kwa na toka KNH job na tembea na chukua selfie na imba kawimpa planini nili imba ifu. Mi kufika hope na pattern mi postiwa na joa kali, kali grafa mi posti. Na shanga wali toa. Mi kwa olia mi kwa na 10 views. So do. Na shanga na yo 10 views imeka. So na shanga kuna enda age. So like ni kafanya ingine the same thing. Ni kafanya ingine, then ni kasiwa ma lemmi collect it. Ni own it. That's why ni kanzisha pe jangu. I was posting my stuff there. At least na tag tag na yo. Mituwa kiona na joa wali mulamwa. So you understand the power of social media in 2019. You ume experience social media. Unge ambia kuna mutuwa pali ni tuniame seja pa whitefifuwa na ni ambia. Ninge penda kwa presenter. Nataka kwa presenter. Nasi na school fees. Simnis idea. Mutu kama weo nesamu ambia it. Mutu kama weo nesamu ambia. Saiziku kwa presenter. It's not a mask that weende shule. Saizu anangali a talent sana sana. So what you do, wezi kwa saka simu. Wezi kwa saka gadget. You just record a show. Unes a host at a bestia kwa pali ni mbani. Una host tu kwa simu tu mekama na record. Dengu na kawana iskiza ikoje. Dengu you can work with that as your document. Because journalism is all about your voice. Your voice and your talent. And creativity. And creativity and how to engage with people. Ask the question. Let's say it can be 20% school and 80% art. So if you have the art, you can venture into journalism. And you just start by yourself. Sila zima shule. Start na vitu okona zo. Anza kwa host apu nyu mbani. Fanya tu videos. We'll be making progress. All right. There's this topic about talenta machinani. Kuna watu saat wingi sana okulem. Nge kwa nairobi manze. Nge kwa nme make it say. Nge kwa nairobi jo. Do you think this is a fact or you can make it anywhere you are in this particular country? Ok. Kitambu na ilkwa nga na iyo nusho. Maksai zi kumikuja na global village. Global village. Kizungu kili upeji ilkwa mera ruka. Global village. Sopeni uko you can communicate with anyone anywhere. Whether it's America, Uganda, Wapi. As long as you have your gadget. One record post, ita ono na kila mutu. The power is in your hands. Usi tumia yunguvu, tumia akili. Usi pande basi unakuja nairobi. Tumia Bandol siyo kitia kwa ifiki wa tu anairo. You don't have to be there physically. Thank you very much Mulamwa. Umse ame nizoya sana. Umse uni... Umse kwa blame expel. Khalifa. Hand. Umse ame nizoya sana. Ebu, lewa, lewa. Shida ama DJ na konganini Mulamwa. Shida ama DJ niku mix 2. Rock, mix easy on a mix. Killer keep on a relationship, mix. Killer keep on mixing and matching. Muo oni we am a mix. Shida ama DJ niku mix. Khalifa ebu nizoya sana. Umse uni zoya bade. Nizoya nizoya. Shida ama DJ niku mix. Shida ama presenter niku konganini bade. Ma presenter. Ma presenter su nizoya tu jene nene na ase ito. Wana presenter tu. Waju yata iltokawa. Awa nasaima tu wa tu ase ito. Mimdomu. Iwa na please. Wajupazera. We will go with the band. Ya we will go with the band. Ya we will go with the band. Tiyi do kwa. Shida para mama na karmera. They see for people. Mama aminga kumuli kwa. Ya para mama aminga kumuli kwa. Yaga na kumuli kwa. Yaga na kuhu kwa kimuli kwa kimuli kwa. Right. Ushai... Ushai interact na mzongo. Mzongo? Najiwa kuweto mendo brown. Mzongo? Wendo the lightest person you go when? Wendo the lightest, bana. For example, nimi it as mama bed. Juku na mungi na tukona studio apa? Wala, aku api? Aku tu apa studio? Na kuna wene nataku kujenga? Niza, tukana kitu ni. Nida yama ni bo yunajiwa zungu, Kuna wene nataku kujenga? Nini ku radio ni peri entranjitata. Na kujenga ilofiu. We'll be having a special segment mula moa.  On a very special or very kind of tricky game. WhiteFive4 channel on Twitter, WhiteFive4 underscore channel on Instagram and WhiteFive4 underscore... WhiteFive4 channel on Facebook and WhiteFive4 underscore channel on Instagram. Don't forget to leave the hashtag white in the morning. Don't forget to leave the hashtag social Friday as well. Please feel free to send your views, your comments and suggestions our way and your questions to mula moa himself. We have him in studio. I know you guys enjoy his videos online, but today we have him live and direct. Kamriako badu nambu 4. Social media. Social media as anguzote is constant at mula moa. At mula moa? M-U-L-A-M-W-A-H. Mula moa. Mula moa. Mula mwa. So Kanda, use Mula mwa infako. Instagram, YouTube, fast travel, Indonesia f yoga mahi g flex. We try to make the image like this. I myself didn't do anything wrong the past six months. Alright so one thing that people don't know about you. Wasu niwen hi mwamu mawani, nade stand up kumedia. Mwem slightly perform stages. Kamai Loretz pelawe na Shoflani, kupitabut nechebarba. Kuma kuna inginejisha ni tu man solo. Onamu uretamansolo We've done several campers tours Segodary tours, segodary schools that is I'm doing road shows And big companies Mye haso uutsana kabloufidi ya kumeti? Heye. Mye haso uubana tu mafanyama Rusi, Auspertis and pre-shows you're doing Hey, gapi Msa I'm gariya pewa nge-exposure Lupu ahihi ehk socha Eh, exposure to cars is kumil M прesefanya We were doing a course lunch On them team Nwa we do it Nwa we do it in place ya kua So, as a stand-up comedian, wuna fukiria mbona stand-up komedia Kenya, niki yangali kule South Africa no nam tukama Trevor Noah and as a cross-borders, but stand-up komedia Kenya iko locked within our borders, jwini jwoks zetu mingini za kikabila, kikabila in the most positive way you can say it, ama jwoks zetu ni loko, I don't know, what do you think is the issue? Okay, as a comedian, mostly mwuna Kenyan comedy, watu na fanya komparizo, nanpata, so lei kana sema wuki yanda kayole, watu fanya iwi, wuki yanda tau, watu fanya iwi, yalingam watu fanya iwi, naman pimetam zakitalia, watu wakitalia on the floor? Watu wakitalia waju yalingam niwa? For example, kulongolo, usemi hati kolongolo wana fanya iwi matisi wana fanya iwi, so what you're doing, dio you're comparing but it's not the best type of jokes, usemi waluya wana fanya iwi waki si iwi, a jok should just be a joke, napa ika fe kila mutu. Ya, so like, kama zemi mwu fanya kwa vainskaw me notice, ndio accent niwa kilu ya, but jok ni jok. Lasima ifi kem tani. Lasima ifi kem tani. Jok ni jok, siyat ni jok ya waluya, inashikakilam se, nivile si na accenti ya kichaini zi nige kumia. But jok ni jok. Jok ni jok, ya. So we need to focus you, unafaku focus jok ya kwa ikaver awaida audience, that's the point. Awaida audience, then also time, mangalia awaida audience na ikaver long duration of time. Sasa juice yotul kwa wana fanya resurrection challenge, kia mutu resurrecting, resurrecting. Sayi sasa uta wana resurrection kwa li, ways you wanna resurrecting. So you have to do comedy like, kama hii ni mw kumki wana pala ni mw me fanya, wana zi yona next month, uta yona December, uta yona January next year, nani pata. Time less. So it's a time less joke. Awaida audience, time less. Ya, time less. Nani aji fanya siyari, akuna. Akuna. Kilamtra wana me fanya. Nani aji katia dem, nani aji... Yeni wana kitu ni lifetime. So story kajoka siyari kakaman zi. Ni kawkuna ingine apu umeji ya kia? Ya siyari ni kwa ni me pigu already. Ya. So ilikwa tu bile, masu aliza siyari silikwa kumu, li kuna giften reasons why Jesus climbed a donkey. Wana gate, wana kwa mafuka reasonia pigu. Ya kwa sumina? Ya nabadu me this season bili siyatu mezi pata. Nabadu nani. I love the struggle. Nili kwa na kwa mafuku wana number 4. Wana fanya question A, wana ruka. Wana question B, wana kwa mafuka use the answer. Alamu racha spesia. Wana kwa wana next? Wana kwa mafuka use the answer above. Na apu above wana pattern. Wana gate. So ni leki kwa kumu amiti. So it was a struggle sign. It was a struggle sign wana jiri. Anyway, I like your energy man. And I feel like ume bring a new... Ume breed some new life into Kenyan comedy. And it's so amazing that you are not born and raised in Nairobi and you're representing a different county. And that's what we're all about at Y-54. To represent a lanta machinani kabisa. Kila County, from wherever you're watching us from, don't forget to tell us where you're watching us from. County number? Number. Number? Onajiwa 2001. Onajiwa 001. Onajiwa 47. 47 ni gana? 47 ni enyatu wuku. Oh. So na tu uji. Uzi ni. Uzi ni enyatu wuku. Uzi ni eni kei wa. Uzi ni eni kei wa. Sub Paulo Ilogiti. Uzi ni eni kei wa. Ilogiti na hanziwa.  Kwa we e need to make a show so fund aunt template coming up with our respective efforts. Or the community and not the type of things. Laid misuty left, but not the ones with that isolation. So, na kiki ni mezawea tu ku deal na So it takes a lot of patience Ya, it takes a lot of patience, a lot of understanding na uki ya kukik professionalism jy uko shule tu lefu, so how to be professional kwa jwo Kuna code of conduct Ya, kuna code of conduct, wu kisha toka then you can do other things but still you can maintain your image nani pata na pata Ata kama ni comedy, skwe like wuna fanya comedy, enye nimbaya uki rundo hospitali, ways clean the other ne muna jwa badu tu iku so make sure wuna teginiza wuku nuna teginiza kule So this is something that you're going to do for a while nasing, the nasing thing it's something that you love doing Ya, that's my profession to nasing ma yoni nambu wan because wu jwa jwa kenya waza ziwa ma sumo ni kila kiki Okay wu jwa ma badu ameni zwea sana na rudi kuwake so last week tu mi piga pisha nama weda alafu wana jwa kitu anasema kukila pisha lasi ma kuna mtu ame konda so nashanga sana wona nasiwa nwa konda shida watu akonda ni gani shida watu akonda ni gani shida watu akonda ume isema tu kuwostu wana sumbu wa watu akonda wana sumbu wa siji shida ame na kwa nga ni siji kama mfupe koga rimbuna skin nga sumbu wa ibo atatu nga ifuzu wa ibo nga fani fanya research fujue di shida ame na kwa wana Okay Vdj kaliwa ukuna kwa samu tu akua mkonda na ni mfupe So iya kuna badu ni mfupe iya kuna badu ange kwa mfupe rawnt sii nisha So Anyway Tama atatu nuku jenga Sinikombi anta ku jenga Iya tulkotumonga Kuredi Tulkotumonga iyo story Takaw kuna suwag kuni shinda leo tutawana man Tama atatu nga we play that game Yes WhiteFive 4 channel on Twitter WhiteFive 4 underscore channel on Instagram and WhiteFive 4 on Facebook Don't forget to tell us where you're watching us from And don't forget the hashtags as well WhiteFive 4 Why in the morning and social Friday Yes so I'd like to introduce Haan The guests of Ona Na kwa nga na guests of Ona kule kwa events zainu kule kitali Yo wakimu itatu na simamanga Na simamanga So I think tu na fokusimama Sii nga Wima Wima