What did you notice that was different about Richard's training and philosophy that you had noticed about, you know, other trainers in the past? What makes him different? What was different? First of all, the psychology. He knows the psychology of the dog. It's like he knows what those dogs are thinking and like everything that we think they're thinking and that we want to do is the opposite of what it's supposed to be. So I found his training just fascinating to me. It's the psychology of it and understanding what the dog's thinking and it's the opposite of what we're thinking. I was just amazed by the rapport that he has with the dogs and the way they respond to him. I was fascinated. I just couldn't get over it. I haven't seen that before and I have had different trainers and so that was the biggest thing for me was I was so interested in his psychology that I keep telling him, when are you going to write a book? When are you going to get a TV show? He basically attacked the groomer and had to jump on the dog and get him away. After seeing that, it was evident that we needed someone to come and help us with the dog. So my wife gave me the number to Richard Heinz. It was the most fascinating thing that I've ever experienced due to the fact of how fast Campbell got on to everything. Within the first class, it was 15 minutes and as far as the psychology of what Richard does is absolutely amazing because he could see the dog and if he'll tweak it immediately and you'll see the dog respond to as he's tweaking things immediately. And I sometimes ask him, I say, yeah, but what about if the scenario was changed? He'll say, well, then I'll just do this and we immediately do it and it's unbelievable. Every time he comes over, I'm excited to see what we're going to do next and then I always kind of doubt if he's going to be able to do it and he proves me wrong every single time. I mean, I'm hoping for the day that I could just prove him wrong, but it's not happening. His psychology and understanding of dogs is a phenomenal gift, if you will. I've seen many trainers. I've seen many videos and stuff online. I just, not that I've watched him and understand the psychology that he's taught me at this level. I see these other trainers who claim to be master trainers really embarrassing. He definitely has a gift that is not something you can pull from a book. You can't get this stuff from a book. This is something that it's just a gift that he has. He has that eye. He has that way of thinking that allows him to really work with any case.  He's going to get it done. You let him do what he needs to do, it's going to happen. And I think that's just incredible. Hi, my name is Julie and I'm standing in Central Park, New York, the doggie Oasis. And I want to just let everyone know that Richard Hines is the best trainer and behaviorist that I've worked with, reversing my little one's issues, her severe issues. That's good TV. Professionals said just a euthanizer and you know, but it just working with her for just a long time. But finally just going to Richard and spending a month down in Miami and having a good talk with him. He knows what he's doing. He chose him out of everyone in the world because I knew he was a professional like that he had it. And so, and he understands, he understands where the behavior comes from. He knows the right training methods to use as a variety of them. And so he's, there's no one that I trusted more than Richard and I highly recommend him. And her issues were, you know, you get to the end of these books that are so overpublished right now. All these super pros saying, you know, this, that and only using one method and not the other. And it just, at the end of the chapters, they didn't address her issues. They just said, muscle manage or euthanize. They didn't really give any kind of explanation on how to resolve the issue until Richard and Richard just knows what to do. So it was cut to the chase, went down to Richard and everything was resolved. Okay. Now, you see here, this, what I'm going to show you now will be Julie back in New York walking through the streets of Manhattan. Now you saw there that Gypsy, her dog bit the daylights out of me, right? Reason Julie was here from New York. She tried everything in New York for two years straight, the best of the best behaviors for two years straight. No results. Julie could not take her out of the apartment and walk her down the streets of New York because anybody that would walk by in close enough Gypsy would grab in the leg and bite them.  You saw me bleeding there. She would bite everybody and growl and lunge at every single person in New York City. Walking in New York in Manhattan where it's packed with people all the time, you can't avoid people. So she had to put Gypsy on the wall and crush her into the wall and hold her to keep her against the wall so that she couldn't go and bite anybody in the leg because she will bite everybody. That's how bad she was. The last thing, the last straw, the behaviorist that had been working with her for a while was leaving Julie's apartment and Gypsy came up behind her and bit her in the calf and wrecked that calf badly. This is to the behaviorist that had been working with her for a while. She never got even close to being cured. But here's Julie walking through New York City now when she went back for me. So keep in mind, you're going to see people walking there right across Julie and Gypsy, right at Gypsy's nose before she came to Miami. That was a leg grab and that was going to be hospital. So here's Julie and Gypsy back in New York. We're walking through New York, episode three. Shayshell, they're filming this back here. Other side, holding camera. Oh, get this, get this. Oh, take a look. Oh, don't get it. So we've been shooting panics. We're saying hello, go ahead, get it. It's nice tonight. Thank you. I wish I had my camera. So for the camera person, the interviewer, they're to go down and touch Gypsy and talk before... And when they bit the microphone, bit the girl, bit her hands. I mean, you could not go near Gypsy. Not even going to think about touching her or going close to her. And then Nick Lachey comes up when they were filming for his show and he gets down, Gypsy gets up. He pats her before...  That is the huge progress and success that we had gotten with Gypsy after she came to me in Miami. No way know how you could walk her down the street or forget anyone trying to touch her. That would never happen. He gives me the skills to actually take... He trains trainers, Richard trains trainers so he gave me the skills to go back to New York here in Central Park and work with her and work with her to get past all of this other stuff that she had, all this other baggage post-traumatic stress disorder, everything. And she really is a miracle dog. And there's... I really, really highly recommend Richard Hines. Thank you. For the past three years we've been through four trainers and spent a good couple thousand dollars on trying to rectify his issues which are aggression towards other dogs, aggression towards kids and just anxiety issues in general. I tried the same thing, clicker training, reward training over and over and over again with no real results. I got an incredibly obedient dog but no rectification in the behavior issues, you know? And the fighting part is after I had the consultation with Richard I had called my mom and my sister was like, yeah, this guy says this, right? He says, we'll see, we'll see. I'm willing to spend the money because it's our last ditch effort. It's different than anything we've ever done. And it's funny because we see and I'm just so happy. I mean, I cried the first time that we went to the beach and he could be on the beach with kids and with dogs and he could have fun and we could have fun and I could actually enjoy him like a dog and he can enjoy his life as a dog. This is after two weeks. Jake was a very obedient, aggressive, vicious, and just a short five weeks ago wouldn't let anybody into my home without growling, snarling, biting, nipping. We got about nine people. Now, this rottweiler here, Jake, this was one I wish I would have filmed this from the beginning and filmed everything.  Right? When I first got to the house, now Jake had been working with a positive trainer for two years. Right? Took him through seven levels of obedience, advanced, extra advanced, as high as you could go supposedly, right? But then one day he just turned, he turned on everybody. He just went after everybody and lost his mind. Nobody can go to the house anymore. He would bite savagely bite, not bite. He was biting to kill and take out. He lost his mind. Now, the trainer couldn't work with anymore because she would go to give him a treat and he would go to bite her hand off and he just tried to attack this trainer that he has known since a puppy at eight weeks old. Right? So, eight weeks old to about two years old she's been working with him. He just lost that sit. I'm not taking treats from you anymore. It's on.  Right? He was only good with the immediate family.  He sees you in the street which we had done the first day to take her out, see how bad. Woof! I had my suit on. He bit me held on to the suit and the street was shaking. I mean, violence.  We're not going to be able to stop him. I have the suit on. Let him come. So, he's at the back glass, throwing his face into the glass. I stood by the front door of the suit and I said open the door, let him come and let's see what he's got. Let's see what he's made of. The moment they opened up that back door he shot across slid, hit me into the wall and shook me in the suit. I was banging from wall to wall while he was shaking me violently. His eyes were red. There was salivation like he had rabies.  This guy was not playing.  It didn't matter. He was going to go after everyone and anything. Dogs, bikes, people, I mean, he just lost it. It was on. So this was one of those cases I wish I would have filmed from the beginning. He turned out fantastic taking him to PetSmart. All the trainers and behaviors that were at PetSmart that day that worked with him in the past were like, what? You're taking him out to public? You don't have him here. You didn't bring him to PetSmart on the weekend when it's packed. Right? He was perfect.  So the behaviors, the trainers were petting them, people, strange people petting him at PetSmart while they had adoption day. He used to go after dogs. He didn't go after any of the adoption dogs. I mean, crazy. This is the kind of insanity that my system can help and fix quickly. We tried to take him to other trainers and with little success, he was very obedient using food. But beyond that this very intelligent lovable dog inside the home was just mean, nasty and uncontrollable outside the home. We heard from a friend who had referred us to the dog whisper really this was our last ditch effort to try and get the dog right. Jake's right. He's alright. He's doing much better. Five weeks into our training and I have a completely different dog. His temperament is different. I can allow people into my home. He has allowed other people to touch him, to pet him and to become friends. He's got friends at the dog park now that he visits once a week. He's a way different dog than what we had three weeks ago. What would you say is the difference between the training when it comes to your previous training and this training? The training was positive reinforcement using food as a treat and it worked for calm, sit, stay, down. But it didn't help him with his temperament or his aggression or his fears because really we learned about the dog psychology in the dog whisper training whereas we were just rewarding him for good behavior now we had to deal with the misbehavior. How are you convinced that Richard's training has taken hold? What evidence did you see? Oh my god. Well I can tell you right now the other night I had two goldens over here a male and a female. We had like a little dog party and I've been going to the park never in my life did I think I could take him to a park. And he hasn't reacted, he hasn't growled. I was staying at my friend's house a week ago with him. Perfect, it's another male and female. And Richard has told me I've always focused on the males because that's what I saw but Richard said it's all across the board. He has a fear of aggression and it can come out with the females too. I had just never witnessed that. So now those dogs come over to my house they come inside he wasn't upset they were all over us he wanted the attention, he was fine so that's a huge, huge step I want to invite more dogs over. And going to the park is just like never in my life did I think we could take him to a park. Is he there? Yeah, he actually did. He should be. Good boy. Good boy buddy. Should I give you more for your baby? Hey. She sees it. It's okay. I'm even going to take him to the doggy yappy hour that's starting this week. Yeah. We come down from Texas because we went through a few trainers that's simply just into how to train dogs and I watched Richard's videos on YouTube and I knew I was going to bring my dog here and once we got here it's like it was in a day he had Max doing stuff that I couldn't even imagine. And now we've been here a week and he used to be dog aggressive in dog parks after Richard worked with him, he's not he's calm as can be So now before when you got here you weren't able to walk him really out in public, right? No, he'd go after kids any strollers, bicycles now we couldn't. And here in the park I think after the first session he actually stopped going after things and stopped that aggressive lunging and then from there we were good up and down the parks with bikes and one day he came a long way with that. A very long way and he is my service dog so it was important for me to get the best trainer so that I can always keep him and he doesn't get in trouble and then we were just in the dog pen now children running past him all over the dog running up to his face a few days ago we put a muzzle on him we went in just to test him because you were telling me how aggressive he is in the dog parks So with the muzzle on we calmed him down, we had a few things and then the last two days we've had him off the muzzle and he's been great in the dog parks with all the dogs no aggression he's heavy you want to share? it was unbelievable because back home in Texas he would never allow that he was calling out to them he loved that little husky he's like that a nice one kissy kissy wanna kissy kissy that's a good one before he's like children running past him to him today actually nothing so it's actually perfect and he's running around playing I think you gauged his temper he was more fearful than aggressive and you picked that up right away so we kinda got that out of him and now he has fun when he goes to the park it was great to see him today he was running around and playing with the dogs and chasing them the first time yesterday he took it all but today he loosened up and actually went and played so he had a great time today back to Texas we're recommending Richard to everyone we know with dogs and tell him that it's well worth the money you spend to get down here so Lisa, after only two days of training how's it going? oh my gosh what did you do with my dog I'm going to sit here next to you like this close? I know and him not trying to lunge at me, growl at me, bite me I mean he's like so relaxed I've never seen him like this it's almost like you traded in I traded my dog for two different dogs I've never seen it had such immediate results that's great, because two days ago I couldn't even come near you I know he hated you hi Richard how are you? I'm sorry I'm so sorry he's really aggressive he did, now look at him he's just so calm so is she they're like wanting to sleep it's like spa day but the thing is the method that you showed us was so easy and I totally get it within minutes it was immediate results and even after you left he was so well behaved and he hasn't barked at the door since I'm showing you dog psychology teaching you about dog how their brain works and how they really work without using too much human interference I should have anything during this training with you most of the things that you're hearing and seeing have you ever seen before never, never and I should have made this trip long ago I should have googled you, found you I called Richard for Kit because he was aggressive toward pretty much everybody in the world, he had three or four people that he liked and I was unable to have anyone in my home at all because he does not tolerate people and because he looks soft and fuzzy everyone wants to touch him and I was terribly afraid something bad was going to happen we had tried other trainers who did positive reinforcement and it basically accomplished nothing except me spending money to not have my dog behave any better than he had so Richard came and this is our fifth visit and Kit now lets Richard pet him, release on him today and he, I can walk him he doesn't act aggressively towards people when we walk the philosophy behind it Kit is a whole different dog he's calm, he's more self confident he wants to go outside now before he never did and it's all because he has learned that the world is a safe place as long as I'm here or someone is with him that everything is going to be fine and he doesn't need to try to get at anyone at any moment so I this training philosophy is the only one of every use that was successful with this dog or any other dog I have had several dogs none with aggression issues but they certainly, this training has helped make him into a dog who does what I tell him to do when I tell him to do it so I would highly recommend it and without this collar Kit would never ever ever be doing what he's doing right now which is sitting in a room looking at Richard across the way and being very calm not doing anything to him I'm doing nothing Awesome trainer, he's the best the world has to offer today Just like everyone now that Richard Hines is the best trainer and behaviorist that I've worked with so if you're looking for the best then you need to come south to Miami that's all I can tell you and he's a one up he's not a one in the million he's a one in the entire of a kind he's the absolute best there is I've searched online everywhere there's nobody that compares to Richard Hines


Thanks, Teri. It's a pleasure to start off today post-lunch and tell you a little bit about the PAPI-2 study and also potentially other collaborative opportunities that we have ongoing or planned at the University of Maryland. So the PAPI-2 study stands for Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Platelet Intervention, and of course two means that there was a PAPI-1, and I'll describe that in just a few words in the interest of time. Before I get there, I thought I would just give a wider angle of view of the programs that are planned or that have been initiated at the University of Maryland's program in personalized medicine, and of course I'm not going to go through all of these initiatives here, but they basically involve building infrastructure to move from discovery into clinical and translational research ultimately to develop the evidence base for translation and changing practice. And in the interest of this particular group, I'll bring your attention to the left hand of the slide, the translational initiatives, and I'm not going to go through each of these individually. Just to point out, though, that we do have institutional funding to perform a number of translational demonstration projects, several of which are well underway, others that are planned. Like other institutions, we're going to make these demonstration projects clinician champion driven. We believe that those are the ones that are going to matter, and those are the ones that are going to be successful. CYP2C19 and Clopridic Rel is what we'll talk a fair bit about today, but we also are very excited about projects that will be initiated in cancer, ID, transplant, in diabetes. So the PAPI2 trial, all of you know the CYP2C19, Clopridic Rel story, the fact that a large number of publications, all of them retrospective in nature, have identified this very common store to loss of function allele as a major predictor of Clopridic Rel response. And really, the burden of evidence here in the literature is quite compelling. More than 20 studies performed, and multiple levels have all converged on the same observation, whether you looked at active metabolite levels by genotype, ex vivo platelet aggregation by genotype, and in a number of studies also cardiovascular events and outcomes. And of course, one of the first things that happens when you get a number of studies over 10 is that the first meta-analysis publication is performed, and again, compelling evidence that this is a variant that matters and that is potentially clinically implementable to save lives in patients who have coronary artery disease and who are at a higher risk of recurrent events. And I guess this all culminates with a change in the label by the FDA now about a year and a half ago. This boxed warning alerts physicians to the fact that there are poor metabolizers of CYP2C19, maybe more accurately poor activators of Clopridic Rel, since Clopridic Rel is a pro-drug that requires activation in the liver, and CYP2C19 seems to be the predominant enzyme that does that relatively easy. Genetic tests can be done since this particular SNP is quite common in the population. There are other loss of function variants, but those are much rarer in most populations. So in essence, a single SNP can be used for an implementable test to predict Clopridic Rel response and ultimately preempt recurrent cardiovascular events in genetically predicted non-responders. Now many people have better slides and more comprehensive slides than this with regard to defining what the barriers are to implementation, even with a compelling evidence base as there is for the Clopridic Rel CYP2C19 story, but really when you get 100 cardiologists into a room and you present them all of the data and you have discussions with them and then you go around the room and ask each one of them whether they're going to implement CYP2C19 genetic testing in their clinics, every one of them will say no, of course not, we're not going to do this, because there have not been any prospective randomized clinical trials demonstrating that pharmacogenomics improves outcomes, saves costs, et cetera, and really having gone to a number of these meetings and having spoken to many cardiologists at my own institution as well as others, we were completely convinced that this is really the single major barrier to implementation. And this realization actually came to us around a year and a half ago around the time of our renewal application for the Pharmacogenomics Research Network and actually was the purpose of our renewal major aim to initiate the PAPI2 study, a prospective randomized clinical trial of genotype-directed anti-platelet therapy. Our thinking at the time of the application was also driven by Jeff Dresen who actually was on the Scientific Advisory Board of the panel of the Pharmacogenomics Research Consortium, and he would say not uncommonly that prospective randomized clinical trials, at least in the early going, were a good idea, and I think one of the things that I remember well is that he would suggest that we just get over with it in terms of doing these prospective clinical trials if we really did believe that genotype mattered. And even recently, Jeff has written this editorial actually in response to Scott's paper in the New England Journal of Medicine not more than a month or six weeks ago. And Jeff here goes on record as saying, the next step must be to mount clinical trials in which patients are stratified according to their biological signature to determine whether knowledge of this information leads to better clinical outcomes. And finally, if personalized medicine is going to become a reality, we need to design and execute these critical trials. Now, I'd be the first to say that we can't do, and you've heard in this room, often we can't do prospective randomized clinical trials on all genotypes, pharmacogenomic and other that we want to implement into clinical medicine. But it's my firm belief that at this juncture in time in this particular field, with this particular application, a prospective randomized clinical trial is warranted. So this is the background of the birth of the PAPI-2 trial. You can see here the design. This design actually went through multiple alterations. The first one that we proposed to the FDA was considered unethical actually because of arguments that Gail had put forth earlier before lunch. And we've hopefully came up with this protocol that we believe will satisfy, actually, that we know satisfies the FDA and also will answer the question. And to walk you quickly through it, we're basically going to consent patients who are coming into the cath lab. And once we know that they have stents placed and will be going on an anti-platelet agent, they will be randomized. And they'll be randomized into a genotype-directed arm where the intermediate and poor metabolizers will get the alternative drug, prosa-grille extensive and ultra metabolizers will get clopridigrel. And that arm will be compared to the standard of care arm. Those individuals who will not be genotyped and will get standard dual anti-platelet therapy based upon the clinician's best judgment. And ultimately, one year down the road, we will be monitoring for clinical events, cardiovascular outcomes, and also, of course, a number of secondary outcomes. And we also have a discovery phase in which we wish to use this cohort to discover new variants. Now, you can see that the sample size here is about 3,600 subjects in each arm that will be randomized. So this is a large study, but one in which you'll see we still have, I would say, marginal power, and for which we hope to seek additional sites. So this is where collaboration comes in to, ultimately, we hope expand the number of sites and the number of subjects we recruit into this study. You can see here that retrospectively, the standard of care group is going to be genotyped. And the primary analysis actually is going to be a composite cardiovascular endpoint in which only the intermediate and poor metabolizers from each arm are going to be compared. So that's about 1,200, 1,000 to 1,200 individuals in each arm that will be compared as the primary endpoint. And I won't go through all the details of these secondary endpoints, but you can see that we also will be looking at adverse events, such as bleeding. And with Bill Weintraub, one of our collaborators, we will be doing an intensive pharmacoeconomic analysis to see if genotyping not only improves outcomes but also saves dollars. Again, not going through the complete detail of the organizational structure of PAPI-2, but just to point out that this is a multi-center trial. We have five sites that are involved, the University of Maryland, Hopkins, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Geisinger, and Christiana Health Services. So we already have, I guess, three institutions that are already around the table that are part of the PAPI-2 trial, and as I'll mention, we'll welcome others. So the genotyping platform that we'll be using is a verigine system. It's a point-of-care genotyping platform. It can be done in a clear, approved environment and takes about three to four hours to turn around. These instruments will be landed in each of the five sites, and we've just completed actually a validation study in our CLIA-certified laboratory, and you can see that this is an assay that actually performs quite well, virtually 100% accuracy.  So I told you that this is a trial that's large, but we think still is of marginal power. As I've mentioned, we're going to look at one-year cardiovascular events, and the power here shows us that with 1,000 individuals, at least the intensive intermediate and poor metabolizers arms, we have about 80% power to detect a difference in events in the standard of care versus genotype-directed arm of 7% versus about 4.1%. So that's a relative risk reduction of about 60%. I think one that is not out of the realm of possibility, but probably a bit optimistic. So in terms of a progress report, we actually have an IRB approved protocol now. Approval at the other centers is currently in progress. This trial finally was considered FDA-exempt, and the reason is that in the standard of care arm, we don't know the genotype. We're going to be retrospectively genotyping them, and that seemed to satisfy the FDA. We've convened our DSMB and recruitment we expect to begin in Maryland in February of 2012 with other sites soon to come on board, and then ultimately we expect by the spring of 2012 we'll be seeking additional sites in addition to the five, and contemporaneously looking for funding to open those additional sites. So that's the PAPI-2 trial. I have maybe two other quick projects that I thought I'd throw out for potential collaboration by the group. I told you about our new translational genomics lab. We're quite proud about our certificate of registration inspection to occur a little bit later this year for full certification, and essentially what we did at the University of Maryland is we took our genomics core, our research-grade genomics core that does everything from single-snip genotyping to next-gen sequencing, and we essentially bit the bullet and converted that entire lab into a clear, approved laboratory, which as you heard is still in progress, and we expect to be able to offer a panoply from single-snips to next-gen sequencing, and we expect that this translational genomics lab will be particularly useful for these essentially translational projects where we have clinical trials, pragmatic, prospective, whatever in which we believe we need to perform to show that implementation of genomics makes a difference. The TGL, the Translational Genomics Lab, is going to be where we will be performing our genotyping for a related project that I thought I would mention, one that's funded through the PGRN called the Translational Pharmacogenomics Project, TPP, and this involves basically six sites, PGRN sites in which we will be implementing some of the CPIC guidelines that you heard discussed earlier today, and the number of these six groups, sites are going to be utilizing various kinds of genetic testing, ultimately to figure out the science of translation. You heard a little bit about TPMT and thiopurines. Several of our groups are looking at Clopridigrel, Warfarin, and others are looking more on the preemptive arena with larger arrays, DMET chips, and custom panels. All of this done in clear, approved environments, and the six groups working together to develop decision support software for some of the commonly used EMRs, healthcare provider education programs, and also collecting metrics to see whether the implementation actually worked and whether it's going to be, whether it has changed clinician practice. Ultimately, an aim of this TPP is to disseminate knowledge, and this is where the rest of you come in and would be possible to involve various non-PGRN groups in this effort, similar to how the CPIC has actually evolved. So in terms of a progress report for TPP, we have our monthly teleconferences, working groups. FarmGKB is the site for sharing documents and other information. We've begun to standardize definitions of specific gene drug pairs, taking actual diplotypes into metabolizer or likely metabolizer phenotypes. We're populating various tables that provide information with regard to institution-specific suggested actions that will be useful, we believe, to share and to implement more broadly. And we're developing common outcomes tracking tools that can be used across institutions, tools that will look at the implementation process, changes in prescribing practices, user satisfaction surveys, et cetera, and sharing of educational materials, which we believe is quite important. The last thing I'll mention in the last slide is yet another opportunity for collaboration, and that is the formation of a relatively new consortium, the International Clopridigrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium, ICPC for short. The goal here is to contribute to the evidence base for this particular drug gene pair. And to be able to muster larger, more diverse sample sizes so that we can begin to get a more granular picture of the implications of genetic variation in clopridigrel response. There's more to be learned about CYP2C19, particularly the role of rare variants, which indications are important, ethnic differences, roles of interactions with other drugs, smoking, et cetera. In addition, the group would like to study in a larger way less well-documented candidate genes, particularly ones that might have smaller effect sizes for which larger samples are required. And ultimately, we wish to move this into a discovery format using genome-wide association studies, and we expect probably next-gen sequencing as well. So this international consortium is quite young, but we do have some momentum, and this is a good time to advertise the consortium for potential collaborations. The consortium will be coordinated through FarmGKB, an honest, relatively impartial broker of these kinds of consortia. We've actually convened our executive committee and have met a couple of times via teleconference. We've begun to have some of those tough decisions about phenotype definitions, genotype validation, DNA availability, data management, and analyses. An MOU is now being drafted, and we will be e-mailing and inviting individuals into the consortium, initially beginning with clinicaltrials.gov, in which there are 365 listed clopridigrel studies. And we welcome these trials, but also other investigators who have interest in participating in the consortium. So I think I'll end there and happy to answer questions. Just before we get to Mark. There was another. So, Alan, a couple of questions about the randomized trial. So first of all, couldn't you get a false negative trial if the positions are prescribing crasigrel in your control group? Yeah, this is a moving target, Mark, and we've talked about this a lot. And in fact, over the course of the next couple of three or four years, standard of care practices may very well change. We're just going to continue to monitor that. And in addition, as a secondary analysis, we will analyze only clopridigrel users in the standard of care arm. And second of all, is there any disadvantaged crasigrel other than cost? I mean, is this, are we really just talking about the cost of genotyping versus the cost of crasigrel versus clopridigrel? Well, there's a cost, but also crasigrel is associated with higher bleeding rates. And this is, I think, talking to cardiologists, the primary reason why, at least in the U.S., it's not being used very broadly. Thank you. So Alan, the question I had related to the last slide where you mentioned a little bit about phenotype definitions. At Intermountain Healthcare, the cardiologists elected to do routine platelet aggregation studies on the patients, which is a phenotypic measure and in some ways is closer to the actual, if you will, physiologic mechanism than the genotype where we're inferring phenotype. Now, they made this decision prior to some of the more recent data about the reproducibility of that testing, and they may well have changed their mind. But I think it is a salient question across a lot of these activities that if we have the opportunity to measure a phenotype as opposed to a genotype, how do we design studies to determine which is best, and is that something that you're going to build into this? Right. So it's a great question, and this is one of the reasons why this field is so charged with regard to any kind of testing, whether it be platelet aggregation or genotype or whatever, you really need to demonstrate that it matters because there is such controversy over platelet function testing. So I think the short answer is that probably platelet aggregation testing and genotype will be complementary to each other, maybe sequentially, and in fact that was something that we, one of the study designs that we tried to build into this study but had to cut arms somewhere as we realized the costs were escalating, so we do have an optional visit for platelet aggregation testing at day 10, and so we will be able to go back and do retrospective forms of analysis to try to compare the two. Yeah, just about the logistics, you mentioned that only patients who actually receive a stent will then be going forward with genotyping, and then you add your turnaround time, et cetera, et cetera, so can you just talk briefly through the expected timeframe after the event of a stent being placed? Yeah. That fits with common clinical practice of these patients being discharged if there's no complication quite early. Yes. So we hope to have all patients randomized by the time of their discharge, which is usually the following morning, and we believe we'll be able to do that in virtually all cases. The protocol actually specifies that we can randomize as many as four days out, but of course we'd have to go and chase the patient and potentially change their drug. My cardiology friends tell me that if you're going to change medications they actually want to reload with Prostagril if they've gotten Clopridigrel, and so certainly that would have to be done in the hospital before discharge. So the answer is that we hope to do the randomization before discharge. In most cases the following morning. Okay, comments for Alan? Super. Thank you very much. Now you can eat your lunch.


وأقولوا في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقولوا قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأواله الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد للحسن والثناء الجميل وأشدوا الله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له وأشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى this is our second introduction and in this introduction إن شاء الله تعالى I am going to be in the light of the Lord to speak about the Kitab أخلاق حملة القرآن We've already spoken about the author and who he is now إن شاء الله تعالى I'm going to speak about the Kitab itself a bit about the Kitab I'm not going to go too much in details regarding the Kitab because إن شاء الله تعالى we're going to see the book we're going to study it, we're going to learn it but I just want to give you an overview of the book so you have an understanding and also it's going to help encourage you to finish the book إن شاء الله تعالى this Kitab as you can as you've already heard and as you can see in the PDF that you have or the actual book that you have it's called أخلاق حملة القرآن so it talks about the etiquettes of the carriers of the Qur'an and the author رحمه الله he speaks about two things in his book as you can see he focuses mainly on two points the first thing that he talks about is the virtual of the Qur'an and its people and etc and I'm going to mention the chapters the nine chapters of the book إن شاء الله تعالى the second part that the book also deals with is the etiquettes so the book talks about the etiquettes of the ones who are carrying the Qur'an and it also talks about the virtual who are carrying the Qur'an so the virtual of the people who are carrying the Qur'an and the etiquettes and manners that are required and needed from the one who is learning the Qur'an the one who is teaching the Qur'an and etc those are the two main points that the book is going to speak about this concept of speaking about the virtual of the Qur'an and the virtual of the people of the Qur'an it was something that the early scholars gave much importance to منذ عصري تدويم since the time of authorship started in Islam and books were being written the scholars gave a lot of importance to the science or they gave importance to the virtual of the Qur'an because scholars of different sciences were authoring and scholars chose to write in the virtual of the Qur'an and from the earliest books that were written in the virtual of the Qur'an is the Kitab فضائل القرآن written by أبو عبيد قاسم ابن السلام رحمه الله أبو عبيد قاسم ابن السلام died the year 224 هدرية so ألمام الأجوري you did not take knowledge from him also the second author who wrote the Kitab on the virtual of the Qur'an فضائل القرآن as well is أبي عبدالله محمد ابن أيوب who is well known as ابن الطريس who died the year 294 the third Kitab is Kitab فضائل القرآن and it is written by أبي بكر جعفر ابن محمد ابن الحسين الفريابي who died the year 301 and after that the fourth author who wrote in this field is ألمام الأجوري who died the year 360 so ألمام الأجوري ورحمه الله after those three books were written in the virtual of the Qur'an what he did was he authored a book in the virtual of the Qur'an and its people and the people of the Qur'an and also he added something else in there which is the etiquettes and the manners for the one who is reading the Qur'an and the one who the Qur'an is read on i.e. the teacher ألمام الأجوري in his Kitab أخلاق و حملت القرآن he cures or he discusses or even he tackles nine chapters after the introduction he speaks about nine different topics the first one he speaks about is the virtual of the ones who are carrying the Qur'an the people who have memorized the Qur'an who have learned the Qur'an the people who are known as حملت القرآن the carriers of the Qur'an he speaks about their virtual the second thing is the second chapter is the virtual of من تعلم القرآن و علمه the one who learns the Qur'an the virtual of the one who learns the Qur'an and teaches the Qur'an that's the second chapter in the third chapter he speaks about the virtual of الاجتماع في المساجد لدرس القرآن the virtual of gathering in the messages to study the Qur'an in the fourth chapter he mentions the أخلاق of أهل القرآن the people of the Qur'an the fifth the author speaks about the etiquettes of the one who reads the Qur'an but he doesn't do it for the sake of Allah number six he speaks about the chapter of أخلاق المقرئ the etiquettes of the مقرئ the reciter إذا جلسه when he sits down to read for the sake of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and what is it that is required from him ماذا ينبغ الوعية تخلق به what are the etiquettes that he should come with when he wants to sit down to teach the Qur'an when he wants to recite the Qur'an what kind of manners is needed from it the seventh the author رحم الله he speaks about ذكر أخلاق المقراء القرآن على المقرئ the manners of the one who read the Qur'an on a teacher and number eight he speaks about أدب القرآن the manners and the etiquettes of the reciters عند تلاوتي when they are reciting the Qur'an مما لا ينبغ له لهم جهل things that they should not be ignorant about and number nine he speaks about beautification of the voice and how important it is to one for a person to beautify themselves the scholars after الإمام الأجرير came رحم الله they gave many importance to the topics that he spoke about and from the scholars who came after him who took that path of authoring a book similar to the book of الإمام الأجرير is none other than the great scholar الإمام أبو زكرية النووي رحم الله أبو زكرية يحب شرف النووي who died in 676 هجرية he wrote a Kitab called اتبيانه في أعدادي حملت القرآن and we've already covered that book we studied it I've already covered that book two, three years ago that Kitab is amazing and it's bigger than the Kitab of الإمام الأجرير it's bigger than it and he mentions much more than that which الإمام الأجرير رحم الله mentioned and it's the most comprehensive book written in this field نووي's Kitab also الإمام بدر الدين محمد بن عبد الله زركشي who died in 794 هجرية he has a Kitab called البرحان في علوم القرآن and in there when he comes to النوع التاسع والأشرون the 29th type of علوم القرآن he speaks about دابه تلاوتي وكيفيتها the man is in the etiquettes of reciting the Quran so he mentions some of the issues that الإمام الأجرير and الإمام النووي discussed جلال الدين الصيوطي who came after الإمام زركشي who actually took from the Kitab of الإمام زركشي the برحانة of زركشي and also took from the works before that he wrote a Kitab called الإتقان في علوم القرآن and the Kitab الإتقان في علوم القرآن صيوطي صيوطي by the way died in 911 صيوطي رحمة الله also has a chapter in his Kitab الإتقان and know al-Khamis watharathun the 35th type and in there he speaks about دابه تلاوتي وتاليه the man is in the etiquettes of the one who is reading the Quran and the one who is the Quran and the one who is the Quran and the one who is the Quran so scholars after الإمام الأجرير رحمة الله and also in the nawawi scholars just started right in this field and they actually considered it to be one of the sciences related to the Quran that the person needs to know the etiquettes and the manners of the one who is carrying the Quran this Kitab written by الإمام الأجرير has unique distinct things and it has things that give it مزايا ويتميز كتاب الأجرير بالأمور إتالية and these are the things that give this Kitab you know that importance and that virtue and that reason for why scholars came to this book and they explained it and they studied it and they learnt it I'm going to mention three إن شاء الله تعالى there are actually more than that but I'm just going to mention three إن شاء الله تعالى the first one is الإمام الأجرير he was the first person who actually gave تركيز importance to أخلاق وحملة القرآن أخلاق وحملة القرآن the etiquette and the manners required from the one who is reading the Quran prior to الإمام الأجرير they just spoke about the وحملة القرآن and the people of the Quran أبعبيت قسم الإسلام's works that's what it focuses on the works written by الفريابي and the works written by other scholars before الإمام الأجرير they were speaking about the virtue of the Quran and the people of the Quran but he was it could be said that he was the first person who stood up to speak deeply about the etiquette of those who are كارين the Quran and after him of course as I mentioned now we gave importance to it زرخشي gave importance to it سيوطر gave importance to it and every other scholar who came after that that's what they did the second virtue that this book has or great importance in it is that عينية المؤلف the author of this book he gave a lot of importance to what بالاستشهد على ما يقول everything he wants to say he uses as a witness for his statement بالآيات الكريمة statements and the speech of الله سبحانه وتعالى والأحاديث النبوية الشريفة and also the statements of the Prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام والآياتار and statements that were transmitted and quotations that were transmitted from who عن الصحابة والتعبذين the students of the companions and the students of the students of the companions so the students of the companions in the students of the Prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام and the students of the students of the companions يعني تابعين تابعوا تابعين and also the Sahabas he uses their statements وعلماء الأمة المشورين and also the statement of the well-known scholars he brings their quotes and also the third virtue and the third great thing in this Kitab and it gives it that weight is أسلوبه the manners أسلوبه الخطابي المؤثر the way that the author رحمه الله speaks as we're going to see إن شاء الله و تعالى أمام رحمه الله when he talks the way he points out things and the way he discusses issues he speaks in a very heart softening manner his أسلوب his method it's it catches the readers attention and he focuses on using one of the methods that are studied in بلاغة known as the أسلوب الخطابي which is to address the people but talk to their hearts he doesn't use scientific terms that the reader doesn't understand and is taken back by because this is not what the book is about the book is to catch the attention of the reader to address the general mass to address the student of knowledge to address the scholar to address everybody so he wrote it in a language that really is appealing to every every reader the Kitab إن شاء الله و تعالى that we're going to be studying a great scholar by the name of خالد أثمان سبت what he did was he summarized the Kitab he summarized the Kitab أخلاقه حملة القرآن he made a summarized a version and he took out he took out the أساند he took out the chains of narrations in the Hadiths and in the statements of the Sahabahs in the Tabirah he took out the chain what he also did was he got rid of the repetition of the author but he did it take out the statements of the Imam in the book and the reason why he did this was because he wanted it to be easy for the readers because the chain sometimes is hard for a beginner or a person who is not used to chains of narration it might become hard for them to read the book so I was thinking and contemplated whether I should do the مختصر or whether I should do the complete version of the book and what my heart became settled with is to do the complete version of the book and to just leave the مختصر even though it is what is easier for the people but I want to I want to I want to I want to study the Kitab in its complete version and read the chains also the explanations in the book I've only come across والعلم وعند الله عز وجل and knowledge is only with Allah I've only seen the explanation of Sheik Abdul Razzaq من عبد المحسن العبات he's the only I've seen written I haven't seen any other شروح and if there is anyone come across it I would like for them to be to my intention so what I'm going to do إن شاء الله is I'm going to use Sheik Abdul Razzaq البدر السرح with benefits that I got from other books and elsewhere so it's not just going to be Sheik Abdul Razzaq البدر السرح even though I will use his in many of the places but I will also I will also be bringing so much other things from outside from other places from other places إن شاء الله يعني other references and other books and other places إن شاء الله anything I might have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me إن شاء الله and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشدو الله إله إلا الله أستغفيره السلام عليكم if you're enjoying these videos and you'd like to keep up to date with all of the courses we're going to be running make sure you head over to amauathome.com


Well, in July, I said news. My name is Rob. And today, just like the thumbnail and title suggests, we're going to take a look at a little difference between Cardano and Solana and which one could potentially win out. And before we get into that, of course, today, it is February 1st, 2023. And the FOMC meeting came out, drone Powell raised interest rates by a quarter basis point, which is no surprise to anyone. And because of that, the market is going crazy. I'm just kidding. It's not doing anything. We've got a little bit of a dip in the Dow Jones. We've got a little bit of a dip in S&P 500 and NASDAQ. But today for crypto, it's a whopping Vosh is down 0.8%. But Bitcoin's up 0.2% in the last hour. So no big deal. It's quite boring, actually. Let's just get into some things that we can talk about and take action on. And that is Cardano versus Solana. And this has been a big area of contention for a lot of people, because we're taking a look at the Layer 1 solutions, which one's the best one, which can do it. And in all honesty, I mean, they're probably both going to do pretty well. And of course, some people say, well, this one's going to be the ultimate winner. This one's going to be the ultimate winner. No one's going to know for quite some time. And there was an article that caught my attention from the Motley Fool and talks about better buy Cardano versus Solana. And these types of articles that you have to be really careful on and really dig deep into because sometimes it's not all right. So let's just break into it. Here's the key points. Solana can offer transaction speed and cost advantages in many scenarios. And that part is very true. We're going to go over that. But investors shouldn't overlook other characteristics and market shaping events that may tilt things in Cardano's favor. What are they talking about? They're talking about security and dependability. So it starts off as Cardano's token is trading roughly 87% from its peak or it's down 87%. Solana's down 90% from its high. True and true. Adoption and utilization of Cardano's and Solana's respective networks will likely be a driving force in shaping each crypto's performance. True and true. Thus far, Cardano's Ouroboros proof of stake system has proven to be highly secure. And that is very true. There's been no downtime. There's been a little bit of a lag, I think one time in the last like, I don't know, two years or three years, whatever it is, but it just goes off without a hitch. Due to its network structure and heavy emphasis on security, building and running applications on Cardano will typically be slower compared to Solana, which uses a proof of history system. This is debatable. If you're looking at the UTXO system, it's all about how much you can actually jam in there. And that's just pretty much how it goes. So there's a big difference between transactions per second and throughput and history versus the UTXO model. And there's a video that lays it out pretty specifically from what it is. Cardano does offer relatively low transaction costs, but transaction costs on the Solana network will usually be even cheaper. And we'll take a look at all this data in a bit. Multiple projects on Solana have also suffered significant security breaches and the network has seen outage periods when it was rendered inaccessible. Before we get into that second part, I mean, the first part we'll talk about, multiple products on Solana have also suffered significantly security breaches. Here's the thing. I love Cardano. I'm a big Cardano believer. We have a stake pool. It's called DNews. There's a link in the description. You can stake with us right now. I don't know why you have it on any exchange. It makes no sense to me. But to be crystal clear, we have to differentiate between what is the fact and what is a little bit of a fiction. So first of all, the things that they talked about here where Solana has been down so much and has been some security hacks, which is true. But those are the things that are built on top of Solana.  It wasn't an issue with Cardano. There was an issue with concurrency and the way that it was built. They worked with IOHK and they made it a better product. But people will say, well, just because this thing is built on this Layer 1 solution, then the whole Layer 1 solution is wrong. That's not what it is.   That is not on the Layer 1 solution. So I just want to make that crystal clear before we move on. Then, or thus, on top of that, offering quick and inexpensive transactions is a desirable characteristic for a Layer 1 blockchain. That's very true. But security and reliability are paramount. CEO Sam Bakman-Fried has cast a shadow over Solana through, some have alleged that Bankman-Fried and his companies have moves to artificially increase the priceless Solana token. Potentially, who knows? Much of Solana's previous activity growth has been a result of a gaining favor as a go-to network for NFT projects. NFTs having fallen out of favor, network activity has slumped, and I don't see the anti-market recovering any time in the near future. I think that is totally false. NFTs are going to differentiate everything, and they're a huge game changer. We just did an article yesterday about how Polygon is partnering up with an AI platform. They're going to be using an avatar, which is going to be placed right in the Polygon network, where you're going to be able to actually interface with this AI avatar asking any questions in an NFT manner. So on top of that, we've taken a look at different NFTs as far as like digital IDs, then also the things they can do to eliminate the middleman for real estate, for DMV in California using Tezos, and just a whole host of other things as far as utility. I think NFTs are going to be the mainstay, but that's not what the article states, and they could be right as far as timeframe, but I think they will bounce back at some point. This is to sum it up. Cardano looks to be the better buy. Cardano's security advantages are the main reason I expect it to be the better performer. I think that Cardano's anti-token looks like the clear cut better buy at today's prices. I'm not so sure. If you take a look at today's prices, I mean, Solana is down 90% around $23, $24. It used to be $212, just so you know. So it could 10x back to its original price, not to say that it will.  But then with Cardano, I mean, now we're looking at I think $0.38 somewhere on there, and of course, it was around $3. So probably about an 8x from there. So I'm not so sure that is what it is. But there are some other things to talk about, to really break it down, as far as like the cheapness of the transactions and what's going on. So we can take a look here. This is from Statista.com. And what it's telling you is the average transaction price in Cardano. And we're going to see right here that the transaction fee in ADA, this is in January 2021. It's usually around $0.2 per ADA. So obviously, one ADA is one ADA. That doesn't change. One Bitcoin is one Bitcoin. That doesn't change. But the price and dollars, that does change. So the transaction fee in ADA on January 2021 was roughly around $0.06. But when we hit its all-time high, now it became $0.50 because that was $0.20 roughly around $2 or $3 or whatever it was. And of course, right now it's at $0.18. And that's in 2023. So we're a little bit off right now. This doesn't go that far. So we're looking at a little bit less, but it is still $0.20 of Cardano. Now we take a look at Solana. The average transaction fee, and I link these all in the description so you can check out yourself, the average transaction fee paid by Solana's users in the last EPIC was $0.00014605 Solana. And that's across the board. So as far as what it said is, as far as average transaction fees being lower, they are right. It is going to be lower. And that is true. But there's another thing. And people always talk about the volume. What's the volume? What's going on with the volume of Cardano and the things that are happening? So this is from Misari. And this is an actual garbage talk about trading volume. It is well known that many exchanges conduct wash trading practices in order to inflate trading volume. They are incentivized to report inflated volumes in order to attract traders. The real volume refers the total volume on chain or what is being done. So right here, you can see that as far as Cardano. We're looking at roughly around $100 million January 29, 2023. So as far as things going back and forth, that's just the volume on exchanges. Solana, a little bit higher actually. It's roughly at around $300 million or so. So roughly a 3x. Also, on top of that, when it talks about reliability and I was harping on, you know, if you build something on there, there is something to be said about the reliability of the network itself. So this is from Solana Beach. This is a direct API integration to what is going on into the blockchain that is Solana. There's a lot of failed transactions. I don't know if it just says we're having catching up with the Solana blockchain. And then I refreshed it.  I don't know what is going on with that. But then I dug a little bit deeper, take a look at it. This is the uptime for Solana itself in the main net. And you need to see here that February, I mean, come on February 1st. So no downtime. The last two months, no downtime.  Okay. And then September, a little bit downtime, but it's still around 99. something percent. August, July, June was up except for, you know, a half a point here. And again, May 99. So you can see that along the way, January is probably the worst one, 96.43%. Well, whatever was going on, probably an upgrade to the main net. But you can just see that it's up quite a bit of time. I need to show you Cardano because it's up 100%. I mean, if you're looking for perfection, that's it. And then also if you're looking for staking, Cardano made in my personal opinion, the easiest way to stake your crypto in the most successful way. And also, you don't have any slashing rewards. You don't have anything as far as like a lockup period. You put it in, when you want to take it out, you take it out. And that's pretty much it. So on that one, Cardano is, I think, a clear winner. But then there's no other things, which is who holds what? Because people talk a lot about the VCs, not the VCs of Solana and things like that, which I got you. I get you. It is one of those things, right? And when everybody's harping about is this, this is from Asari, as well, initial token allocations for public blockchain. This is a little bit old, but it is the truth. And if I can take a look here, you've got Ethereum, Binance, Polkadot, Carano, and Solana. And the thing you want to notice is that 48% is insiders, all the team, the company and VC purchase tokens, roughly 50%, which is a boatload, I might add. Now, if you take a look at Cardano, this is in the blue. This is all public sales. So when people talk about VCs, this is what they're always referring to. However, you take a look at the top Solana distribution from Mainnet. Again, this is the link in the description for Coin Carp. You can see all the different wallets that we have out here. The top 10 holders own 10% of Solana, top 20%, 15%, top 50%. And the top 100 holders own a third of all the Solana out there. That is, if you, the way I said it, it is quite a bit. And you can just see right here in a break stall down the top 100 richest Solana addresses. And how does that compare to, say, Cardano? Well, it's actually pretty good. I mean, if you take a look at Mainnet here, the holders, top 10, 6%, they are in the top 10. Top 20 is 8%. Top 50 and top 100 is 19%. And of course, they break it down here to those percentages. So you're looking at half 18, 36, roughly compared to Solana. But there's also one more I would like to throw in there. And that was Polygon. We did a video yesterday about Polygon, the different things that they're doing. We already talked about the AI thing and the partnerships with Disney, with Starbucks, and with Nike.  But as far as like a rich list, as far as the wallets, you can see here, Polygon holder statistics, top 10 holders, 67%. Top 20, 74, top 50, top 185%. That's on the Ethereum network. Take a look just at Polygon itself. Top 100 holders, 93%. Top 10, 93%. That is a boatload of people. And if you're talking, if you're worried about centralization, well, there it is. However, if you break it down even more so, Ethereum, you can just see here that this is the staking contract. That's where 38% is, just so you know. And then the Plasm bridge, that's 8%. And under here, the Polygon ecosystem growth, 4%. And so on in the contract. So it breaks it all down. But still, it's a little bit more than what it is. And then if we further take a look at it, we take a look at the tokenomics. This is from CoinGecko. If you go to CoinGecko for any different crypto, you can find now the tokenomics, which is very nice. You can see where the allocation is. Solana, again, like I said, the seed sale was 25%. That's a lot in a seed sale. That usually goes to some VCs, like we talked about. The founding sale 20%, that's where they get that essentially that number of the VCs, 48% or so from where it is. And then it breaks down like the validators, strategic sale, public auction, the team has 20%. It's a lot. Foundation 20%. I guess maybe those were staking rewards. And then here's the supply schedule. And what's important to notice about the supply schedule is, are all the tokens already out? Because if you're waiting for the big dump, I mean, in all honesty, that pretty much already happened in the very 22nd. Actually, the cliff was December 20th. When everything got released, that's when there was a lot of dumping. And now we just see here that everything's pretty much flat line of base, except for the staking rewards, which go up. And right now, if we take a look at the overview, actually, no, we don't need that. The circulating supply is 372 million. Total supply is 539. So there's a lot more to come out. But it looks like it's going to happen over the next 10 years. So just be aware of that. And then if we take a look then at Cardano, same thing. How the Crown would do? Well, the ICO, which is just regular people, does a lot, at least 7%. And that's good. There wasn't a lot of VCs, just an ICO, initial coin offering. The team gets around 11%. Staking rewards, 40%. Awesome. And then we could take a look here. The cliff is already done in 2017. That's why you don't see too much massive volatility, just mostly for the staking rewards. And again, you've got a total supply, a max supply. The circulating supply is 35 billion, which means there's only 10 billion pretty much locked up. But that happens over the next, until 2050. So not too bad. And then lastly, Polygon, they've got 10 billion for a total of max supply. They've got 9 billion sticking out there. Ecosystem is 23. Staking rewards, okay, 12. Foundation, that's a lot. 21% for the foundation. What are they doing with that? Advisors, team, 16%. Okay. Private investors, 4%. Binance launch. Wow. Binance launch. Well, that goes to everybody, 19%. And then this looks more choppy as far as the supply schedule of what's being distributed. So you've got 10, or excuse me, 1 billion over the next only two years, 2025, because we're in 2023. And that's it in a nutshell. So I wanted to throw in Polygon to talk about it. But in all honesty, for me, I don't own a lot of Solana. I mean, I know people talk about the technology and the throughput, but I'm just going to, I'm not even going to start dollar cost averaging. I know people say how great it is. But for me, I just, just something about it, I'm just not keen on. And that's me. But I wanted to bring this to everybody's attention just to give everybody the full story, because there's going to be articles like that where you're like, oh, you know, Solana looks awful. Doesn't look awful. It's just that is the truth of what we just take a look at. I mean, as far as like everything we just saw. So I want you to bring that to your attention so you can make the best decision. I've made my decision moving forward. And that's it. So look, to like today's video, give it a thumbs up. Also consider subscribing. I need to talk about our very time sensitive, but that's it for today. So I do appreciate you stopping by. Thanks so much. And I'll see you on the next one.