Hello, I am Milka Jagle, working as assistant professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering Wolchen Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today, we are going to learn introduction to measurement systems. Let's see, learning outcome. At the end of this session, learner will be acquainted with different measurement systems. This is the content, instrumentation, measurement system, methods of measurement system, classification of instruments. Instrumentation. The device of engineering science which deals with measuring techniques, devices and their associate problems is called instrumentation. Instrumentation is the technology of making measurements. It implies the application of instruments for sensing, measurement, control and monitoring of physical variables. So, let's see what is measurement. It is a way of describing how long, how heavy or how large or how deep an object is. The word measurement is used to tell us length, weight, temperature or change in physical entities of material. This shows fundamental measuring process. So, here the known quantity that is the standard value and the measured value are compared. To get the result or read out, the quantity to be measured and the known quantity are compared. So, this is how the measurement takes place and the result is read out. So, this is the process of measurement. So, now I want you to pause the video for few seconds and think on this question, what is need or what is the necessity of measurement? So, why we measure or why do we do measurements? Measurement is used to validate the new and improved design. It is used to validate the old design and new design and give the suggestions for new improved design. It is used in quality control and to separate the defective products. It is also used to monitor the data and its processing. Methods of measurement. So, there are three methods that is direct and indirect measurements, primary, secondary and tertiary measurement, contact and non-contact type of measurements. See one by one direct and indirect measurements. The value of physical parameter is determined by comparing it with the standard reference or in this the quantity to be measured is compared with the international standards which are proven. The physical standards like mass, length and time are measured by direct measurement. The value of physical parameter is more generally determined by indirect comparison with secondary standards through calibration. Primary secondary and tertiary measurements. Based upon the complexity of measurement systems, the measurements are generally grouped into three categories. First primary, second secondary and third is tertiary. So, primary measurements. In the primary mode, the value of physical parameter is determined by comparing it with reference standards. The required dimension is obtained to the senses of sight and touch. For example, matching of two lengths is determined, for example, matching of two lengths by determining the length of an object with a ruler. The second example is estimating the temperature difference between the components of the container by inserting fingers. Use of beam balance measure masses and measurement of time by counting a number of strokes of a block. Secondary and tertiary measurement. Secondary and tertiary measurements are the indirect measurement involving one translation are called secondary and those involving two conversion or two translations are called tertiary measurement. Example, conversion of pressure into displacement by means of bellows and the conversion of force into displacement using spring. Pressure measurement by manometer and temperature measurement by mercury in glass tube thermometer. The measurement of static pressure by boundary tube pressure gauge is a typical example of tertiary measurement. So, the next one is contact and non-contact type of measurement. So, first one is contact type. The name itself indicates when the sensing element of measuring device, when the sensing element of measuring device is in contact with medium whose characteristics are to be measured. So, these are contact type and the non-contact type, the contact between the major measurement instrument is not indirect contact. So, these are the electrical or electronic devices. So, classification of instruments. The automatic and manual instruments, self-generating and power operated instruments, self-contained and remote indicating instruments, deflection and null output instruments and analog instruments. So, automatic, the name itself indicates it is the manual instruments require the services of an operator while automatic systems does not. In manual instruments, human need to interfere for measurement whereas in automatic it does not. For example, temperature measurement by mercury in glass thermometer and temperature measurement by resistant thermometer incorporating with stone meter bridge in that manual operation, it needs operator for obtaining the null position, self-generating and power operated instrument. Self-generating instruments are the instruments in which the output is supplied entirely by the input signal, the instrument does not require any outside power in performing its function. Example, mercury in glass thermometer, burden pressure gauge, pitot tube for measuring velocity. Now, the next is self-contained and remote indicating instruments. Self-contained instruments, the different elements of self-contained instruments are contained in one physical assembly whereas remote indicating, they are located at sufficiently long distance from secondary indicating element. The next is null and deflection output instruments, null instrument. In null type instrument, the physical effect caused by the quantity being measured is nullified by generating an equivalent opposing effect. The equivalent null causing effect then provides a measure of unknown quantity. Deflection instrument, the type of instrument in which the physical effect generated by measuring quantity is noted and correlated at the to the measurement. Deflection instrument, type of instrument in which the physical effect generated by measuring quantity is noted and correlated to the measurement. So, analog and digital instruments. Analog instruments, the signals of an analog unit vary in a continuous fashion and can take on infinite number of values in a given range. Example, wrist watch, speedometer of an automobile, fuel gauge, amateurs and voltmeters are example. Digital instruments, signals varying in discrete steps and taking on a finite number of different values in a given range are digital signals. Signals varying in discrete steps and taking on finite number of different values in a given range are digital signals and corresponding instruments are of digital type. Example, timer on scoreboard, odometer of an automobile are examples of instruments. The content is referred from mechanical measurements and controlled by Dr. D. S. Kumar. Thank you.


Distinguished guests, colleagues and human rights advocates from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This moment is an opportunity to reflect on our progress, the remaining challenges and in particular the role that Latin America and the Caribbean can play in this global cause. Seventy-five years ago, the international community came together to proclaim that every individual regardless of their origin deserves a life of dignity and respect. Today, we celebrate this milestone that laid the foundation for a world where human rights are universally recognized and protected. However, we cannot ignore that in our region disparities and challenges persist that threaten these rights. Latin America and the Caribbean, a region characterized by this cultural richness, diversity and potential, continue to grapple with persistent inequalities. Despite our nation's hosting stunning natural landscape and vibrant cultures, they also bear the scars of social injustice and economic inequality. It is our shared responsibility to address these disparities and ensure that every individual in our region can exercise their human rights without discrimination. In our part of the world, economic disparities, social inequality and the consequences of historical injustices are palpable realities. Poverty remains a widespread issue and discrimination based on ethnicity, gender and social status continues to impact the lives of many. We strive to advocate for inclusive economic and social policies, promote sustainable development and advance the rights of those who have been marginalized for a long time. We are committed to promoting the reduction of structural inequalities that persist in our regions, upholding the values that the declaration has bestowed upon us. It is in this context that I want to highlight ECLAX's commitment to the ECASU agreement, a pioneering treaty in Latin America and the Caribbean that promotes access to information, cities and participation and environmental justice. This agreement represents a cornerstone of our commitment to sustainable development and human rights in the region. Through ECASU, we are strengthening people's capacity to participate in decisions affecting their lives, especially in critical environmental matters. This treaty reflects our firm commitment to building a Latin America and the Caribbean that is not only just and equitable, but also sustainable. At ECLAX, we are committed to working tirelessly to address environmental challenges and climate change, which disproportionately affect the most vulnerable among us. As a region vulnerable to the effects of climate change, our responsibility for sustainable development is two-fold. We promote policies that balance economic growth, on the one hand, with the protection of our ecosystems and natural resources on the other. In the spirit of celebrating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, let us reaffirm our collective commitment to building a world where human rights are truly universal, regardless of origin, culture or place of birth. Together, we can work to achieve a Latin American and Caribbean characterised by social justice, equal opportunities and respect for the rights of every individual. Latin America and the Caribbean countries have a crucial role to play in the global dialogue on human rights and sustainable development, a role that reflects our unique diversity, history and culture. Let us harness the collective strength of our nations to ensure that the vision of the Universal Declaration becomes a reality in Latin America and the Caribbean. The road may be long, but it is a path we are determined to walk together. Thank you and may this 75th anniversary celebration serve as a reminder of our shared determination to protect and promote human rights and sustainable development for all. Together, we can achieve a more inclusive and sustainable future for our region and the world.


Hello everybody, welcome back to another Adobe Photoshop CC 2019 tutorial in this one I am going to show you how to do the double exposure effect and I'm going to show you how to do it very very quickly And it's not that hard. I'll show you a couple different styles and let's just get right into this So the first step here is you want to go with any image. I've got a nice cool image of a The mountains and the stars or whatever you want to call it and a guy out there checking it out Awesome, and it's in here and it's as layer copy zero because I haven't renamed it The second step is I've grabbed a PNG or any file that has transparency And I'm going to drop it on top of this just check this out. So there we've got a flower now I'm going to hit enter to place it and yeah, we're not there yet obviously guys So we've got a flower on top of a cool background image to flower is a PNG Now the next step is you want to take the flower and I'm going to want to put it underneath the layer So you won't see it, but basically we've got the background layer, which is what we want We're going to use this to do the double exposure effect Now the next step is you either hold down the alt or the option key option if you're on a Mac alt if you're on a PC and In between these two there's a little line there when you hold alt or option down You're going to see the down arrow plus a square if you left click on that You're going to see that now we have the double exposure effect for that flower now This isn't exactly probably what you're looking for So I'm going to go out and I'm going to make some changes to the opacity just so you can see the gradations and a little bit Of the difference so as I dial down the opacity. Oh, that's a bit too far You're going to see here like the flower is there you see some of the red you see obviously the parts of the flower But at the same time you see the underground or the top layer the Mountain and the background and the stars sort of starting to follow through so this is a very very quick way to do this effect Of course guys, you're gonna probably want to make a lot of adjustments to it change the colors change all that other stuff Gotcha, but to do it quickly. Here's how you do it. Thanks for watching tutorial. I got a lot more stuff coming up Be back soon


So today we are going to talk about some of the examples of CD spectroscopy as it can help us. So the first example will do that of poly lysine. So over there, if we first find out what is the structure of this poly lysine. So this is the structure of poly lysine, which is actually nothing but a continuous sequence of lysine altogether. So like hundreds of lysine next to each other. So if you try to draw the primary sequence of it, so you will see it is lysine, lysine, lysine, all these things. And then people try to find out what is the effect of this lysine on its different conditions of pH and temperature. And for that what they did, they tried to figure it out how it looks like in the different temperatures. And that is the data they got. So you can see, so there are some difference. So this is just a simple absorbance data. This is the absorbance data for this poly lysine drawn over there. And what you can see that the bands although changed a bit, but it is not showing a huge difference over there. And that is a little bit tricky to understand what is actually happening just by absorbance data. And let me tell you what are the differences. So over there as it is shown that we already written is alpha helix, beta sheet and random coil. That is the data we got from other experts, not from the direct optical spectroscopy. And what are the conditions they have used. So for this data, which is shown random coil, the condition was pH 6. Temperature 25 degrees centigrade. And then they changed the pH to 10.8. And this find that it is actually forming an alpha helical formation. So you can already see a lot of alpha helix present in this structure, a huge number of alpha helix. So at 25 degrees centigrade at a very high pH of close to 10.8, all the random coil automatically forming alpha helix. And then when they keep the pH same, but change the temperature to 52 degrees centigrade. Most of the alpha helixes turn to beta sheet. So that is the change they have got. So in the studying of the structure, it is found that it is not a simple absorbance spectroscopic data cannot give you all the information that is required. So you need to have some other contemporary data to support what is actually happening. Simple absorbance data, although they're showing some changes, some shift in the band and all those things, but they're not any characteristic change, right? You can follow it that whether it is alpha helix or beta sheet or anything else. So in that case, it is found that the CD spectroscopic data is actually the most helpful one. So let me draw the structure, draw this data one more time, the optical spectral data. And let me show you also how the data looks for the system. So this data that I have shown you earlier, that is from the same polylizing at this different conditions. So what it is found that if you have a polylizing and you put that in different temperatures as you vary the pH and the temperature, what is the thing you're going to get at pH 6 at 25 degrees centigrade, you find that this is the optical spectra of it. And this is the CD spectra. When you run that at pH 6 at 25 degrees centigrade, you get this black line over here. So it clearly suggests that it is actually nothing but a random curve. And it is full-heartedly support from the CD spectra. No other things are present. That is the inference you cannot draw just from the optical spectra on the left-hand side. Then they change the pH to 10.8 keeping the temperature same. And what they found that the data is this blue data shown over here. With the characteristic positive peak at 193 and two harms in the negative region 208 and 222 nanometer. So that clearly suggests that now you have an alpha helix formula. And that is also supported by the CD spectra. And over here you can see the random coil to beta sheet. The only change you are seeing some drop in the absorbers with very minimal shift in the actual peak. So that is not a good conclusive data to support that you have such a change from a random coil to alpha helix. And then when you go to a higher temperature 52 degrees centigrade, over there what happens that you find this is the new band coming up which is shown by this brown color data. Now instead of two harms at 208 and 222, now you have only one hump at 218 nanometer. So that suggests that now you have a beta sheet character. So all this data is supported by the CD spectra. So CD spectra is much a straightforward data that you can use to find out exactly what is happening. And you can see there's a huge change happening in the solution, the structure of the system. It is going from alpha helix to beta sheet and random coil. All this huge changes are happening with respect to pH and temperature. And CD spectra can undoubtedly give you the idea like what is actually happening over there. So in this case of poly lysine we are taking this example because it is a clean and clear cut change. It is going from 100% alpha helix to 100% beta sheet in this region, 100% random coil to 100% alpha helix in this particular region. So it is not a mixture of anything. So it's a clear cut change. And that is why it is one of the data is always used for an example which actually shows a clear cut change in the overall structure. So this is one of the example we like to follow and it also emphasized how important CD spectroscopy can be to understand what is the overall structure of your protein structure. After that we take another example. Over here I'm going to again through another spectral and CD spectral data, optical spectrum and CD spectral data and show how the changes are happening over here. So it is actually also for two different, one particular different protein absorbed in two different pHs. So there the pH is given over there, pH 5.9 and pH 12. So you can see whatever the protein is the protein structure we have. We take that at pH 5.9 you can say it is close to near neutral condition that is close to pH 7. And then we actually make the solution alkaline and we're going to basic condition. And now we go to pH 12 pH 12 is quite a basic condition. So you can say it is basic condition. Now the question is if I change this pH, what is the effect is happening on the protein structure. And over there you can see a simple optical spectrum comparison. It is showing that yes there is some changes you can see some shift over here, some change over here, but it is not a clear cut change. It is not conclusively saying that this is the change what you are seeing. On the other hand, if you look into the CT spectrum what the change you are seeing. So now let's take a look at pH 5.9 data. pH 5.9 data you can see a negative band over here and a small positive hump around 210. So what that data suggests that this black color line the black trace over here it is suggesting that at pH 5.9 it is actually remaining as a random coil. So you can see there is no particular bonding in this particular protein at pH 5.9. So it was actually a random coil.  There is no hump on the positive side no hump in the negative side over here no positive hump on this side. So it can clearly says that you are seeing 100% random. So in the near neutral condition this protein is such that it is assuming no particular structure it is random the oriental it is a random. However, as you go to basic condition you get this particular red color spectrum. And what are you seeing over here a positive band over here. You can see it hump over here. A hump over here and another hump over here. And if you combine all those things what you can say so this hump over here. It is coming at 208 nanometer. On the other hand this one is at 222 nanometer. And this one in the middle. It is at 280 nanometer. So altogether what we can say. So it is not a simple alpha helix or beta sheet but a mixture of it. Because we have both the hums for alpha helix is here. And also the hump for the beta sheet. So you can say that over here when we actually put this at pH 12 condition, it is actually showing me a mixture of alpha helix and beta sheet. And then as we are discussing last time that we can actually to conclude that that how much of it is actually alpha helix and how much of it is actually beta sheet. We can actually do a calculation and fit that data to find out how much it is alpha helix how much it beta sheet. So over here you can see the alpha helix is a little bit higher in concentration because that is creating the background of it. So probably 60% 70% is alpha helix and 30% is beta sheet. And even the calculation you can also include some of the random coil to see if it is participating in the overall structure you might find a little bit of it. But overall the CD spectra is clearly saying what is the start change it is happening over here. So you are going from a directly a random coil structure to a very much well structured alpha helix and beta sheet as you are going to basic condition. Now the question might come that while we are seeing such alpha helix and beta sheet in the pH 12, which is not happening a neutral condition. So you can imagine that what happens what are the changes are going to happen if I go to a basic condition. There are two important parameters one is the amide backbone so there is no particular change is going to happen in the amide backbone with respect to the pH in this particular region 6 to 12. However the side chance the side changes might have a huge role to play and over there which are the group which actually can be affected in this region pH 6 to pH 12. Over there those groups will be affected which has a protein group, or a proton exchanging group that has a pKa in that region. So what are those groups you can have cysteine over there, which has a pKa around 6.5 to 7. There is a range because it also depends on the overall environment if it is more hydrophilic or hydropopyl depending on that and the cysteine has a thiol chain which actually can have this particular pKa. You can also have the histidine group, which can have a pKa around 6, the midazol group. You can have the tyrosine group, which has a phenolic OH group which can have a pH around 10.8, and you can also have lysines, which has a pKa around 12.5. So if you go to close to 12 that means you have started affecting it. So all these things can come together and play a huge role over there. So now you just take a look into the primary sequence of the protein and then you can actually predict what are the changes might be happening which is triggering such a change from a totally random coil to a alpha helix. Now imagine a random coil means there is no particular structure and then in the basic condition it is getting structure. So it is creating some more interaction. So you can imagine that a tyrosine group which is actually protonated in the neutral condition and it will be deprotonated in the basic condition that might play a role. That once it is deprotonated it is probably participating in certain kinds of salt breaches like an ionic bond with another cation and that is probably the thing. The lysine should be positively charged in the neutral condition. Close to 12 it should be neutral. So it is probably breaking down some of the bonding. So that might not be the case because in the well-structured system you need more well-structured bond and it positively charged lysine affects better than the neutral. So probably lysine is probably not the system which is affecting this change. Cysteine can, histidine can, tyrosine can. So by that, slowly looking into one and each of the possibilities you can even sort it out which are the amino acids are probably playing a huge role into this particular change. So that is how you can use CD spectroscopy to find out what are the changes are happening into the overall structure of the protein and how it is connected to the change in the structure to the different parameters like pH, the temperature, all those things can come into this like over there. So that is one of the examples I would like to show you. Then comes the other example. So let me find out the figure first. So we have discussed that we can actually look into the stability of a protein at different temperatures. And if the protein is destabilizing, we can clearly see that with respect to the effect of our, with respect to the CD spectroscopy. So that we would like to find it out. So over here, what we are trying to look, we are looking in. So what we are actually doing, we are taking a protein structure, which is starting from this green line over here, which is shown over here. This green line. It is actually the first picture we recorded at room temperature. And over here, you can see it is very nicely showing that it has a very clear cut alpha helical structure at room temperature. 25 degrees centigrade. And then slowly you started increase the temperature. So that you're actually doing it over here. So we started increase the temperature and what we are actually seeing over here, you can see the data slowly losing his alpha helical structure and going mostly to a mixture of alpha helix and beta sheet over here. So it is not clear cut alpha helical hums you can see anymore. What you are actually seeing at the end, if you go in the red line, but you are seeing over here, it is kind of a mixture of beta sheet and alpha helix. You still have some of the signatures over here and here which shows that it is not 100% beta sheet. But beta sheet is right now. Actually, the major component of the overall protein structure. So as we increase the temperature, it is going to a mixture of an alpha helix and beta sheet. And again, you can do the calculation with respect to the computational calculations and you can find out how much is beta sheet, how much is alpha helix and you can see majority of them is beta sheet. But the important part what it is saying that it is losing its shape, it is going from alpha helix to beta sheet. Now, what I want to have, like what is the effect of it? What is the changes are happening over here? So how I can do that? So this alpha helical positions is 208 or 222 nanometer, I can plot what is the actual value. So what they take a look into the unit, it is given as delta epsilon, which is nothing but delta epsilon. And we have discussed over there that this delta epsilon is connected to the phi value. The phi value means molar phi value to be honest, it is connected to the delta epsilon value by this. And delta epsilon means difference in the molar extension coefficient for the right hand and left hand circularly polarized light. So we put that in delta epsilon because with that, if I put that in delta epsilon, I am taking care of the concentration. Because if I do this experiment in different places with respect to different concentration, the actual chi values will be different, actually electricity values will be different. But if I normalize that with respect to concentration, that means molar electricity or better to go with the delta epsilon, then it is becoming a parameter which is concentration independent. No matter what the concentration you use at any place of the world or galaxy, say someone is using that in US at 1 millimolar, say someone is using in India at 10 millimolar, you should see the similar amount of change. Because delta epsilon takes care of the concentration. So if I try to find out what is the change of delta epsilon value at 208 nanometer or delta epsilon value at 222 nanometer, what I am going to get. So you can see it starts from very negative value because it is 100% alpha helix. So you start from somewhere over here and then I am going to measure at different temperatures. So it starts from very, say this is the room temperature 298 Kelvin and I got a very negative value. So say here is the zero value. And now as I increase the temperature, the value slowly goes up and then it normalizes because after a while there is no such change. So whatever the change should happen in the structure of the protein, it is already done. So over there I am going to get this kind of data with respect to temperature. And this data is showing that at what particular point of time the molecule or the protein is breaking down after that no such change that means whatever the change supposed to happen it's already gone. So over there this is the change for the measure and this is known as the CD melting curve because we assume the protein is a globular structure which actually melts or loses its three dimensional structure as we increase the temperature. Very similar to melting of an eye so that is why this term melting comes over here. So it is the melting of the solid arranged structure of the protein to a unstructured condition or a different structure of the condition. And over here we take when it started and when it finished at the middle point. This middle point we will say that is the melting temperature of Tm and that will define how stable a protein structure is. And over here in this particular data that is the real life data that you are seeing. So over there you can see this black dots are the lines that the data collected and the different traces are for different proteins. And we try to find out as you changing the temperature you can see what is the change happening in the delta epsilon that didn't mention it, but assume it is measured at 28 nanometers so you are looking at a change of an alpha helical signature. And you can see it is staying as it is up till this point up to 50 degrees is fine and then it started showing a change. For example, this red line. You can see the maximum half maximize around here so this will be the team melting for this red color protein. Whereas if I go to this purple color one, this is actually happening a little bit earlier. So now by looking into this data what we can say that this red color protein is actually more stable compared to this purple color one. So higher the melting temperature stable is the protein structure. And that we can do it very easily by using a CD melting. What we have to do first record the CD find out some signature that you want to follow. At that particular point, you are going to measure what is the absolute value of the delta epsilon or the molar ellipticity and then measure at the different temperature plot that value with temperature versus delta epsilon or molar ellipticity and find out what is the trend. And from there see where the changes are happening. Find out the 50% or the half maximum that will be your melting temperature. And then if you're comparing different proteins, you just compare the different proteins and find out who has the higher temperature of melting that will be the most stable whoever has the lowest that is the least stable. And why it is important because different protein structure actually plays different role in biology, and their structure controls their reactivity. If a protein loses structure, it might loses its activity. So now coming back to this overall structure so that is how a change in the protein structure is happening and it is very much important because as I was saying that some of the protein for example, we as human being. We are actually running at a temperature within the range of 25 to 40 degree centigrade as if we want to measure the body temperature it comes out around 37 38 degree centigrade that means our blood is actually probably at the same temperature that is all the protein which is running through the blood learning on the tissues is running very well at 37 30 degree centigrade. Now, if I put someone in a very high temperature what will happen. At what point of time we start degrading our protein at what point of time will probably die. So for example, it's about is getting a heat stroke what happens actually at that point. So for that if you want to know actually which protein is probably getting affected much to find out a solution for heat stroke or find out a condition where human can probably still survive. So you want to know actually which particular temperature the proteins are getting degraded. So I want to know the melting temperature of the most important for this one example for us probably my global, my global, all the metallo enzymes, all the tissue proteins, all those things. We want to know what is the melting temperature and from there we can figure it out which of the proteins are actually falling out with respect to the increasing temperature and that would give us an idea which are the things we need to fix. If I want to go beyond whatever the evolution has bring us through. So give you an interesting example. For an example, we generally don't survive more than 50 to 60 degrees centigrade.  What is actually happening over there? Obviously heat signals are going through your neurons, it is showing a please remove it. If you don't remove it, you are actually going to be a boiled egg at the end. And over there your protein structure will change. Just take a look into an egg. So if you take an egg before boiling, after boiling you can see a liquidy structure then become solid what is happening there. It is a protein denaturation. It is a melting temperature. We are just crossing for the albumin which is present in the white liquidy part. It is actually getting solidified. It is changing its structure. It is melting. It is losing the whole structure. Now, that is going to happen to us also if we actually put ourselves in boiling water. However, it is believed that the first point of the life during the evolution is actually formed very close to boiling water. Where the water is getting connected very closely to a lava hose. So in the beginning of the world, our world is much more inhabitable condition that what we are seeing right now. At that time, the world was very young and we have different positions in the world. The lavas are coming out and getting connected to the atmosphere. The atmosphere I mean the aquas atmosphere and also with the aerial atmosphere. We still see some of these volcanoes where it is actually emitting the lavas and you can see what are the changes are happening. And those extreme conditions are actually believed to one of the parts where the first hints of the biomolecules are probably formed. One of the first nucleic acid or the first amino acids probably formed over there because that is actually enough energy to form carbon nitrogen carbon carbon bonds coming out of carbon dioxide nitrogen and all those things. And one of those places which is believed to type the support the life is actually volcanoes which is sitting under the sea. So there are also volcanoes under the sea we don't see it from outside but it is also leaving lava all the time. And over here there we have this hypothesis that that can be a hotbed for life because we still find different kind of live forms that is surviving over there very near to that where the lava is emitting that sea water. The water is close to 100 degrees centigrade is boiling because it is almost 500 degrees centigrade or even 1000 degrees centigrade lava is getting connected to the water, the water is boiling over there. And still we found that there are some life forms is actually surviving them. Now the question is if there is a life form they should have protein structure and how their protein structure is surviving. And then if you look into their protein structure and they found very interesting if they have a very subtle change in their protein structure and by those subtle changes they actually stabilize their overall protein structure, even at high temperature. And over there they found their metal enzymes are working even at 100 degree centigrade because the melting temperature of their protein is beyond 100 degree, whereas most of our proteins in the other parts of the world is melting within 70 degrees centigrade. So city spectroscopy was a huge player in that particular way to find out is it really the protein structure is playing a role. And when they did the city spectroscopy at this temperature they found yes the melting temperature measured from the city spectroscopy is showing a huge difference when it goes to this particularly different biological system surviving underwater volcanoes and the other part of the life. So you can take a look into all these different life forms and find out what are the differences they have in their protein structure that actually allows them or I should say adopt them to survive all this very hazardous and extreme conditions. So take a look into it. So that is one of the examples I wanted to give it to you.


Um, hyper ledger, PayPal, you know what, I'm going to take away the Ubuntu thing. All right. Aw, man. I was going to run and go do it. You should. No reason you shouldn't. All right. So, first story is now different. Let me copy and paste computer. So old. It's not old. It's just the modern era, modern demands have finally cut up with it. So I can like shrink up slack right now, right? No more slacking is going to happen during the show. I mean, no, not from me. Sometimes Roger uses it to alert us of things that. Oh, probably better. It's probably better to do it in the chat room because that's what my eyes will be.  Oh, Roger. All right. Let's see. Imagine I'm just telling you like duck. You know, that's my April Fool's joke. There's a giant duck behind you. The giant duck behind. That's actually a goose. My, my, my April Fool's joke every year. I started with my sister and I now carry on the tradition with my poor wife is there's a spider on your shoulder. See, I can't do that because I once actually had a spider on my head. It was crawling around. You can still do it. There's no law that says.  She was full of it. It came down my shoulders. Like, ah.  And so whenever we'd be out in the lake in Michigan, if there's black fly in your head, you had to tell the person because they had to go on water real quick. Yeah. When he was about 30, he told me, oh yeah, I was lying about that too. I was just like to watch you go into water. Wait, so how does going into the water help?  You just can't swash it. All right. We got to do the show, Roger. We'll explain how flies work afterwards. All right. I need a control and I'm hiding. Oh, shoot. Cliffhanger. cliff notes. Okay. There we go. We go. Daily Tech News Show is powered by you, not advertisers. To find out more, head to dailytechnewshow.com. This is The Daily Tech News for Tuesday, July 11th, 2017. I'm Tom Merritt, Allison Sheridan from NoSILLAcast alongside to to talk about technology news and issues of importance. Allison, how are you? I'm excited to be here. I just love talking tech and love talking tech with you. Nothing better than that. And we're going to talk about subscription versus ownership of software and come down definitively on only one side, right? Absolutely. And ownership is in quotes because it's not really ownership either. Yeah, right. I mean, that's the secret, right? And no, obviously sometimes subscription is better. But we're going to talk about when and how it might be different and might change depend on different people coming into the marketplace. But let's start with a few tech things you should know. Twitter just hired long-time Goldman Sachs banker and former Intuit CFO Ned Segal, or Siegel, as Twitter's new CFO. He'll take over from Anthony Nodo, who's been doing all the jobs, it seems like. He, Nodo was promoted from CFO to COO last November. So does this mean they're going to make money now? Yes, that is exactly what Ned Segal is hoping it means. All right, Elon Musk and PayPal have confirmed that PayPal let Musk buy back X.com, the URL Musk bought brought to PayPal in 2000. In a tweet about it, Musk said the domain has great sentimental value. So is he going to use it for something or is he just collecting it? I could see it either way, to be honest. Yeah, yeah, yeah. He couldn't just collect it, right? He might just be like, yeah, you know what? $600,000 or whatever. We don't know how much he paid for it later on, why not? The Linux Foundation-led Hyperledger project has released its first blockchain code that can be used by large businesses to build software. This is the project that has more than 150 engineers from 29 organizations, a bunch of banks, bunch of tech companies, Cisco engineers, people working on that project. So here we go. We'll see if it can actually make things more efficient and cost less for banks. So the idea of blockchain in this context is to try to allow secure communications where you know exactly what's going on with the money. Yeah, they're, I mean, Hyperledger, right? They're using it for all the things that a ledger is used for, recording transactions, communicating transactions, executing transfers, all of that sort of thing. But it's the information. It's not, they're not starting a cryptocurrency or anything like that. Okay. All right, in an act of irony, AT&T will join tomorrow's Internet Day of Action by displaying banners supporting a free and open internet. This is remarkable since the day of action is meant to express support for maintaining the 2015 open internet guidelines, which AT&T has worked to get overturned. This is like the forestry company joining the Save the Spotted Owl protest. Like, we want to save the Spotted Owl and everyone's like, yeah, then stop cutting down the trees. They're like, well, we're going to cut down the trees, but maybe we can come up with another way of saving the Spotted Owl. Oh, geez. I'm not sure what they're up to there, but it's very interesting. Microsoft is outlining, rather, a program to take unused television spectrum. That's what you hear talked about as white spaces. It's the space between television channels, in most cases, and use it to provide high-speed internet service in rural areas of the United States. Plan aims to cover 2 million people in 12 states over the next five years. There are a lot of people who need this. Around 23 million people in the U.S. have no access to fast internet, mostly in rural areas. Separately, TechDirt has an article out pointing out a study commissioned by the broadband industry, so you can guess this is going to be somewhat conservative, had economists from CMA Strategy Consulting and economists incorporated, finding more than 10.6 million U.S. households have no access to wired internet service with download speeds of at least 25 megatits per second. That is the FCC definition of fast. And an additional 46.1 million households live in areas with just one provider offering those speeds. So 50 million people in the U.S. have either zero or one option for 25 megabit per second speed or more. Well, Tom, that was a lot of numbers. And I don't understand how Microsoft is saying 23 million people have no access to fast internet, but this commission says it's closer to, what, 50? 23 million people have no access to fast internet. More than 10.6 million people have no access to wired internet service. Oh, okay, okay. So fast internet could be down, could be a Wi-Fi or a cellular. Well, and I don't know how Microsoft is defining fast. But basically they're saying there's 23 million people in the U.S. in rural areas that need our help. So we're gonna use white space to cover that. And the TechDirt story is saying there's a lot of people who have no choice or don't even have access to the minimal level of fast internet. My guess is Microsoft's defining fast internet is faster than 25 megabits per second. Now, I know that they're gonna be talking about this today in more detail and actually outlining it, but I don't quite understand how internet fits between TV channels. Do you know much about that? Like, is that mean on your cable? Yeah, so on broadcast television, yeah, it's not about cable, it's about wireless broadcast, like between channel six and seven, there's space. The FCC, when they allocated channels left space between the channels to prevent interference. Now, technology- That was part of the digital change? No, no, well, yes and no. Digital change doesn't matter. When they allocate space to channels, they left space between the channels and they always have. And what a lot of companies, including Microsoft, have been saying is we can make use of that space between the channels without causing interference, let us do that. Okay, and I think that without causing interference might be because of the digital thing. I think when you've got analog, it sort of bleeds into each other. And so it might have enabled this a little more. I don't know that that's the case. It's still spectrum, spectrum is spectrum. I think just technology in general has gotten better at limiting bleed over. Okay, all right. You may be right, I'm not saying you're wrong, but I think that the bleed over is caused by the broadcast, not the content of the broadcast. Because the broadcast is still radio waves, whether it's digital or analog. Okay, okay. All right, well, that will be fun to see and I think that can only be a good thing, right? Because that's a big problem. I would be really sad. That's why I live in the middle of Los Angeles and not out in the middle of Wyoming. Well, and my sister, I talk about my sister a lot when these rural things come up because she's the closest person to me that has this issue, but she lives out on a farm and they've been able to get better service over the years, but it's something she's struggled with because she's not right by all the cables that get laid by the phone company or the cable company. Yeah, I don't understand those people with all that fresh air and nonsense, so. Cows, chickens. Exercise. Anyway, all right, Facebook is going to extend the beta test of ads on the Messenger home screen worldwide in the next few weeks. Tests of the ads began in Australia and Thailand in January. Unlike sponsored messages, which can only be sent to a contact with whom the advisor has had a previous conversation, ads in the home tab will be auction based and use the same user targeted methods as Instagram and Facebook itself. The ads can link out to a website or open a conversation in Messenger. Yay. I mean, yay. I'm not worried about Facebook making enough money to stay in business these days, so I'm not cheering for them, but I understand that they do need to continue to find ways to monetize their products and that's fine. Ads aren't my favorite thing, but I'm not one of these people who's like, ah, there's an ad on this. I refuse to ever use it. It depends on how annoying it is and how good it is and the targeting I feel two ways about. On the one hand, it's creepy and I don't like them knowing that much about me, but on the other hand, when it's targeted ad, it's much more likely to be something I would like to see than a waste of my time. Yeah. Yeah, I agree more targeted, but ads in the middle of chat, just, ugh. Again, it's always the case of like, is it an ad you want? Then you don't mind it, right? If I am in Facebook Messenger and I constantly am ordering pizza from Domino's and I've been feeling a little bit like, I don't know if I like it anymore and an ad for Pizza Hut says, hey, click here and order a free pizza from Pizza Hut to try it out, I'll probably be cool with that, right? Cause I was gonna order a pizza anyway and hey, free pizza, why not, right? So there are situations I can see where it will be good. It's all about the implementation. When they talk about the home tab, I don't quite understand a home tab in Messenger. It's the home screen, basically. I mean, do you use the Messenger app? Are you talking about on mobile? Yeah. Yes. Yeah, so there's the home tab right down there. Boom. Huh, I never noticed that. So at least it won't be, I'm talking to you back and forth about when we're ever gonna go to steak and whiskey and it's gonna pop up a, pop up an ad for steak and whiskey and a rope and table or something. Pizza one. Yeah, you should eat pizza instead. Also, I wanna harken back to our white space conversation, just a second, because Wabbit Magic pointed out that the entire FM band, Aircraft and Ham Radio, is between channels six and seven. So, I mean, it was a bad example for me to use six and seven because there's already stuff there and they won't use it for internet, that shows you how much space there is between these channels that could be used. Yeah, yeah. Now, I keep an electrical engineer on staff and about that he said when it was analog there might still have been space but digital makes use of the bandwidth better. Yeah, it's more efficient. That makes sense. Thank you for having that analysis at the ready. Makes perfect sense. XDAdevelopers.com notes a feature in Android 7.1 called Panic Detection. It's not about you panicking, it's about your operating system panicking. It'll return you to the home screen of your Android device if it detects four consecutive back button presses with less than 300 milliseconds a piece between them. So something that would be difficult for you as a human to do, but a trick that malware often employs to stop you from exiting a screen while it's doing something malicious. So instead of being able to hijack your screen and stop you from doing anything, Android 7.1 can, and it's not on by default but it can detect that kind of action and stop it so that you can then kill processes or whatever you need to do. Yeah, it sounds really clever. I get a little more excited when Google works on, or is it Alphabet? I always, I get a lot. This is Google, Google does it. Google. Okay, when they do things to try to help the root cause like this in, I think in Android 7 is when they're going to be making it possible for the handset developers to upgrade the OS without having upgraded all the other pieces of it. And so that's working at the root cause of getting people more secure. This is sort of a after you've already gotten hacked problem and our solution and- Yes, no, I mean, clever. This is a kind of malware that says, hey, we can do something that there's no patch for because you want to be able to use a back button. You don't want to remove the back button. So we'll just start sending back button things. I mean, it's not a thing that you'd want to stop. You don't want to stop apps from being able to navigate because there's very good reasons and trustworthy reasons to do it. So what this is is another countermeasure that says, hey, you know what? We'll be able to stop the malicious use of that while not stopping the legitimate uses of it. Yeah, yeah, okay. Because the legitimate uses are mostly accessibility and things like that. Right, right, all right. And so this is the patch that you want to happen automatically without having to upgrade the entire operating system. Right, right, I just like root cause fixes more than I like after the fact fixes. I like to fix the front end first. It's a little more efficient. I think this is a root cause fix because the malware is doing a thing and this is- But the malware's already on your device. Well, yeah, but I mean, the root cause fix in that case would be never have malware on your device and frankly, that's just not going to happen. There will always be ways that people can get malware on their device if they want. But you can do more. Well, anyway, all right. Audi announced its first production vehicle with autonomous driving capability. The 2018 A8 will have level three capability, which means the car can drive itself in some driving modes so a human must be ready to take over. The A8 featured a traffic jam pilot that can take over at speeds up to 60 kilometers per hour, which is 37.3 miles per hour, so in traffic. The A8 has more sensors than Tesla's autopilot uses. Autopilot is considered level two. The Audi A8 will start at 90,000 euro, which is 103,243 dollars US, coming to Germany in late autumn and the US in mid 2018. And no, Steve, you can't have one. Aw, poor Steve. I kinda want one too, although it's way out of my price range, but this is actual self-driving car. Now, the Tesla is capable of level three so don't get too confused when you're like, wait, I thought the Tesla could totally do this stuff. It can, but it doesn't use all of the sensors and the autopilot that you hear about requires that constant human interaction to be able to correct for its deficits and we've covered that quite extensively regarding the fatality associated with the misuse of autopilot. So this is, the Audi saying this is actually level three, like this is safe for you to allow it to drive during these conditions and that's why it's level three, not level four, because it's not saying it can drive all the time, but if you're going less than 37 miles per hour and in stop and go traffic, you can just let the A8 take over. I love the vision of just what would happen in congested traffic on our freeways that they wouldn't come to a halt because you wouldn't have the little fender benders. We just witnessed one where it was like this little bitty dent from one car to another, but it caused three hours of back, well, it wasn't sure, it was like 15 minutes of backup but still, I would love to see that go away. And those accumulate, right? Because even after those cars are gone, there's a slowdown. Do you ever pass those ghost slowdowns where you're like, there must have been a wreck here 15 minutes ago and then the traffic just hasn't smoothed over it yet.  I feel even worse when it turns out you were right. That's so, yeah, it's a no-win situation for anybody. But yeah, this is exciting because we are getting our first level three production car hitting the road and I'm certain it won't be the last. I'm curious what the rules will be. I know Congress in the US is working on some national rules for autonomous cars and it's gonna be a little bit confusing about what you're allowed to do in these things and maybe that's part of the reason this isn't coming to the US until mid-2018. I absolutely can't wait, cannot get here soon enough. Bring it on, I'm ready. Let's talk umbrellas. The South China Morning Post passed along a report from the paper.cn, the paper only in Chinese, South China Morning Post in English, about a startup called Sharing E Umbrella. Inspired by the success of bike sharing in China, we've talked about it a lot on Daily Tech News Show. Bike sharing is big in China, it's a very successful mo-bike spreading its business around the world. Well E Umbrella was inspired by that and began an umbrella sharing service with 300,000 umbrellas across 11 cities in China. In principle, users were supposed to pay a small deposit and would incur a charge of a few cents essentially, a few yuan, I think it was like 0.50 yuan per 30 minutes of use. Every 30 minutes you get charged a little more after your deposit. In practice, however, most of the umbrellas just disappeared. Now I don't know if they were not locking them down well or if the apps failed, but the founder Zhao Xupeng told the post he is undaunted, he's still intends to make 30 million umbrellas available across China by the end of the year. I'm sorry, this is just silliness. I mean, umbrellas aren't that hard to carry and have your own. I mean, I have an umbrella that's this big, it fits in my purse. I mean, not like I need an umbrella all that often. Sure, well, no, and that's the thing, right? Because you don't need an umbrella all that often, oftentimes you don't have it with you when you need it because there is unexpected rain or you forgot. And so I get where they're going, like wouldn't it be great in dense urban areas like these cities in China if there was an umbrella sharing service that was a couple bucks for a couple bucks? Like instead of having to buy the five or $10 umbrella from the guy at the subway who's taken advantage of everybody who forgot their umbrella, there's just an umbrella sharing service.  You don't have to carry it all the time. Except, well, I mean, the problem is you don't have rain often enough and you don't have that situation often enough. And apparently it's really hard to lock down the umbrellas and keep people from just taking them. Oh, it's adorable that he tries though. I bet apparently he's gonna keep going. Now you laugh, you laugh, Allison. This is one of those things where I am not 50% certain that he's going to succeed but I'm also not 50% certain. I guess I'm 50-50 on it is what I'm trying to say. Like this could be one of those things that takes off once he gets it right and he has to lose 500,000 umbrellas before he can figure it out because the idea was, okay, we have to have racks where people can pick them up, right? Buy the subway stop. And then they guess they keep them at home and they could tell the applicant I'm not using it anymore but you can't share it out of somebody's home. So they gotta fix that. But once they fix it, it might be better than you think. I just don't know that the profit potential is there. It's also possible that I'm not qualified to discuss this since it hasn't rained in Southern California. It's Southern California. But boy, let me warn you, I went to Pours. Man. There you go. Pours. And then you're gonna need sharing the umbrella. Hey, folks, if you wanna get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, subscribe to dailytechheadlines.com. Let's talk about subscription software versus owning software. And I was joking at the beginning because we're not gonna come down ideologically. There are times when subscribing to software as a service makes perfect sense. For instance, you know, cloud storage, cloud document sharing and things like that make perfect sense. There are times when owning the software makes perfect sense. I don't wanna subscribe to my IRC clients as a service. I just wanna have the software on my desktop. In fact, I would like open source software. But there's lots of places in between. And one that has shifted is image editing. It used to be, yeah, you buy Photoshop for a lot of money. And then you keep that Photoshop until you've run it into the ground and then you buy the next Photoshop. And Adobe was having problems because it was Feast or Famine. Everyone buy the new Photoshop and then their earnings off Photoshop would decline and decline and decline until they came up with an upgrade. So there are benefits and costs to both the company and the consumer for both these models. Allison, you have recently been thinking this about this because of Bart talking about it on his podcast. Yeah, Bart Bushatz does the fabulous Let's Talk podcast. And one of them is Let's Talk photography. And in there, he started talking about this question of how do you choose an application for image editing, for example? And that was kind of the focus of it. So Photoshop rental kind of came up in conversation in his monologue on this. And one of the points that he made was that having a sustainable set of income over time allows you to do better software development, that you aren't so focused on, let me just pile gobs and gobs of features that people don't want into an application. Or the feature that will get people to buy it but actually doesn't improve the product because it doesn't improve stability or make things easier to use. Those stability and ease of use are often hard cells and getting people to upgrade, but they're the things that might make you more satisfied as a user. And security, and security of products, so what happens today? Most people are pretty good about giving you security updates whether you're paying or not, but sure, yeah. These were his points. I would agree with what you just said, but he was talking also about the security of these that if you're always getting updates, you're gonna get the security updates. But yeah, you're right. An example would be Office 2011. I mean, it's six years old now and they still send out security updates for that. But Microsoft has gone to a subscription model and actually in high Sierra, you won't be able to use Office 2011. So I've been forced to go to Office 365 and that made me think about it in that context as well. So I sort of launched off of what Bart said and started a discussion on my podcast about the question. And I don't know that I buy into all of his arguments because if you talk to people about this, and since I posted it, I've got a lot of conversation going on about it, people are massively, rapidly against subscription models, some of them, but I don't find many people massively, rapidly in favor of them. I find resigned to it. I find, well, it seems like a good price, 10 bucks a month for Photoshop and Adobe Lightroom, that it's a good deal, but they're not like, it's fantastic. I love it. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I noticed the same thing. We were talking about this in our Slack for the analyst level patrons. And the people in favor of it were either reasonably favorable or they were enterprise level, right? And there's a different angle on this if you're talking enterprise. Gadget Virtuoso said, for the company that wants to upgrade at least every other year, the subscription model is the way to go. The cost of Adobe Creative Cloud was almost three years if you purchased. So we actually saved money on the subscription model. The CBA for Autodesk is quite similar. If you wanted to upgrade any sooner than every three years, subscription was cheaper. You've got lots of different scenarios than when you're talking about a business that has multiple licenses, that has to have certain features to keep up in a competitive marketplace versus us as individual consumers who are like, my Photoshop's still working fine. It does what I need it to do. Why do I need to upgrade? Don't make me upgrade. Oh wait, if I'm paying a subscription I'm being forced to upgrade and maybe I wouldn't have. Yeah, yeah. And I'm not a lead item software. I'm the kind of person who's gotta have the newest hotness. I love having the new thing. So I'm not the kind of person who hangs onto old things because I don't want change. There are people like that for whom this is a bad thing too, but I'm starting to see these things where they get worse. I mean, Office 365 on the Mac, Excel on that, it's much slower. It's got all these animations, like when I try to drag thing.  But that would be true if you were paying for it or alone or subscribing, right? That's just the fact that the older version doesn't work on your operating system anymore. But I would have a choice. You'd have a choice. If that were the case. Between what and what though? Well, before they made it where it didn't work. If I had a choice of a standalone version or the subscription model, if I get the subscription model I can't stay with the old version. If I buy it, I can stay with the old version. Well, with Office you can. You can stay with the old model as long as it still works. But subscription or standalone 2011 just doesn't work in High Sierra. That doesn't work. Yeah, that's true. That's true. That one example. But I use one password and text expander.  Try the subscription model. It's great. You're gonna love it. I don't love it. It's always asking me for network connections. It doesn't find my database. I don't like it as much. Or one password. They went to, that you can still get one password standalone, but they bury it. And I think you have to send them an email to get it and that kind of thing. And there's people that don't want their one password in the cloud. You can't do it without that now. So the feature set is changing to things that maybe we don't really want. And that concerns me. Well, a lot of it has to do with how good the company is at it, right? Subscription is an entirely different way of doing things. And I'll grant you, in the early days of Microsoft Office 365, I was on the verge of wanting to go back to standalone. I liked having access to all the current working versions. I could switch between 2011 and 2013, right? You know, I didn't have to stick with one of them because I had the subscription. I could put it on multiple devices without having to pay extra. That's a huge benefit. That's really nice. Right? Yeah, that's really nice. It would sometimes, when I was offline, just stop working and say, hey, you need to log in and prove that you're paying for the subscription. And I'd be like, I don't have an internet connection right now. What, I can't use my word processor? That's, it doesn't do that anymore. They've worked out those quirks. But I think that's important when evaluating this is how good is the company at delivering a subscription service version of their software? I had that exact problem just a few months ago, though, Tom, when we were in, it was either in the Galapagos or Peru, where I did try to get on it. I don't have that happen in years now. It eventually let me in. Yeah. But it gave me a little, you don't have an internet connection. I'm like, yeah, I know. Well, it just whined. It whined about it. I'm at an island. So the thing about Photoshop came up specifically because a company called Sarah Flabs has come out with Affinity Photo. And it's 50 bucks on the Mac or 50 bucks on the PC or and 30 bucks on the iPad. And it's real close to a full version of Photoshop. It's not a Photoshop elements kind of thing. It's really close. They've also got Affinity Designer that I think it's illustrated that it competes with. And it's a one time buy. You know, you can buy upgrades. I'm sure eventually they will come out with something, but they just came out with a massive upgrade, a 1.5 on the Mac and PC. And they didn't charge for that upgrade. It was huge. So there's a rabid community of people, those who are really angry about having to rent their software that are flocking over to Affinity. Now it isn't altogether Photoshop yet, but it's getting really, really close. So it's made the discussion a lot more interesting because there is an alternative. Well, and I think they're tapping into a very smart market, which is, again, in business, you know you're going to need software for the next five to 10 years as long as you're in business, right? So you don't care about a subscription versus paying once.  If I have a subscription and I have to cut that cost, I lose the software. If I can afford to buy Affinity today, then I will buy it and I'll be able to use it until it just doesn't work on my operating system anymore. Yeah, yeah, I feel a little bit like we're getting Nicol and Dime to death on this. You know, remember, I don't know if you're probably not old enough, but TV didn't used to cost money. But you bought a TV. Oh, you're so nice. Yes, of course I remember when you just had broadcast television and how my grandpa would just railed about how dumb it was that my parents were paying for television when there was nothing good on anyway. Yeah, exactly. And you know, there was a brief period where telephone was really inexpensive and now we pay a fortune per month. I was talking about this on my podcast. Local calls were inexpensive, but long distance was way expensive. Honey, it's long distance. Yeah, there you go. I was talking about this on my podcast and George from Tulsa said something great. I had just finished doing my plea for Patreon and he said, yeah, you know, Patreon's a monthly fee. But you have a choice of whether to do it or not and you still get the content. So there. Well, and it depends, right? Certain content, it depends on the Patreon too. Yeah, yeah, you get it stuff, sure. There's all different reasons for subscribing. I actually really like subscribing to Office because it's something I know I'm going to need. It's not something that I can afford to do without for various reasons and various other jobs that I do. Even though I use Google Docs for so many things, there's certain Excel files and Word files for contract jobs that I have that I know I'm gonna need it. It's a business expense and it's nice to know that it's just always there. And I don't have to go buy it again to put it on a new or a second laptop or a tablet. But that makes sense in my situation. I can see someone else who's like, I've got one computer and I may not, I may just be able to switch to open office, right? I don't have to use Excel. I don't have a client that requires it. So I wanna, or LibreOffice, I want the flexibility. I just wanna buy it once. You know, I don't actually, you're gonna find this hard to believe as such an Apple fan girl that I am. I don't resent Microsoft at all for this because you can buy standalone Microsoft Office. They price it in a way that as soon as you're like two people with three devices, all of a sudden it's worth it to do the subscription. But you have that trade-off. You can make that choice. It's these companies that say, nope, now you're doing a subscription that you're only choice we're not gonna let you have it. Then you feel like you're taking hostage and I think making your customers resent you is maybe not a good feeling. So with the affinity example, I think when people talk about maybe something that affinity can't do, people will go, yeah, but it was only 50 bucks. I was able to buy it and I don't have a subscription because you're defending the company because you are so happy they haven't got you held hostage. So I think any business model that makes your customers resent you is something to think about, you know? And like I said, I don't resent Microsoft because I have a choice. Yeah. Well, folks, we're interested in what you think about this as well. You can start a thread in our subreddit, dailytechnewshow.reddit.com. You can submit stories there that we talk about on the show. You can email us feedback at dailytechnewshow.com like these fine people did. Alan from the cornfields of Southern Illinois actually got a chance to talk to Alan at Nerdtacular. We compared which cornfields we're from. Said when my now wife moved into our new home, I told her I was not climbing on the roof or crawling through the crawl space. I'm more than happy to pay someone younger and less prone to injury to manage those things. I still handle tech support for the family and friends because I enjoy it and they pay me in beer. In a nutshell, when you're young, money is more valuable than time. This balance tends to change over time plus we don't have these services where I live. And of course he's talking about Amazon providing the setup services for smartphone stuff, among other things. You know, there's a book called the number one women's detective agency by Alexander McCall Smith. And in there, the main character lives in Africa. And she said something I'll never forget. The character said, when you have money, you owe it to society to employ people. And I just, just all sudden you're over the guilt of what he's saying is like, he's older, he's got the money he can afford to pay somebody. Look, he's employing somebody. It's a good thing. I don't know if you owe it, but I like the spirit of the phrase, which is like, hey, you're actually helping people out when you do that. Right, you're helping the economy. There you go. Bill in Huntsville, Alabama said two weeks ago my wife had her pacemaker replaced with her previous unit. We had to transmit the data quarterly by holding an antenna over the pacemaker and placing a call to the manufacturer. The new pacemaker transmits the data to a monitor next to the bed through Bluetooth during the night. And the monitor transmits the data to the manufacturer through a cell tower over the internet. Manufacturer forwards the data to the doctor's office. Boom. Wow, that is so futuristic, I should say. It's awesome. Well, and from his wife's perspective, I imagine it's, I used to have to go through all this trouble and now it just does it. I don't have to think. Well, not to mention more often data, right? That data getting there more often means maybe corrective action faster to keep her alive and happy and healthy. That is so cool, I love it. And then regarding David's email yesterday, and I try to make this apparent when we get email from people recommending products there or not even recommending, but talking about products they tested. David was very careful to say, I'm not recommending these. These are just things I've been playing around with. He did mention less pass and a lot of you folks wrote in and talked about how Steve Gibson has been over several episodes evaluating less pass and I don't think it's unfair to characterize Steve as less than impressed with less pass. He's got a little ongoing back and forth with him. You can check out the most recent update on Steve and last pass in security now 587 if you'd like to know more about why. But it's just another of what I was saying yesterday of, hey, we're telling you these things so you can go investigate them. And especially when you're talking about password managers, you should be very careful. Yeah, I think so. I hadn't even heard of less pass. I haven't listened to yesterday's show yet. It's a cool idea and it's actually very similar to Steve's own idea in that it's trying to get rid of passwords. In other words, it will create the password but not store the password. But some of the ways it transmits information probably need to be tightened up, it sounds like. I see, I see, okay. Well, thank you, Allison Sheridan, for joining us as always, podfeet.com. If you wanna find out more about Allison's thoughts, not just about subscription software but all kinds of things, you've been doing podcasts there forever but you're also doing more blog posts over there, I've noticed, which is really cool. Yeah, yeah, I've been really taken off on that. I used to do a single 5,000 word blog post a week and now I do lots of little blog posts. Which somehow ended up being more work. I'm not quite sure how that worked. But my big thing I'm doing now is this weekend I'm going to Woodstock, Illinois to MacStock which is a gathering of Mac fanatics that grew out of the demise of Macworld in San Francisco put on by Barry Fulk and Mike Potter. So anybody who's in the Chicago area, if you aren't going to MacStock or if you're anywhere nearby, it's a fantastic show. I'll be presenting there and it should be a lot of fun. That's so funny. My freshman year college roommate, Mark Ladd was from Woodstock, Illinois. No, Colin, tell him to show up. He and I got together. Well, I don't think he lives there anymore. He and I got together recently at a restaurant near LAX because he's got a startup and it was so cool to get back together with him. So blast from the past, Woodstock, Illinois. So much Illinois on this show. I love it. We even got a little Michigan in earlier. In fact, there's all kinds of cool stuff in the full version of the show which includes the pre and post show. We were talking about grammar rules and our favorite bugaboos in the pre show today. If you'd like to have access to that, all you got to do is support the show, patreon.com slash dtns. If you're already supporting and you didn't realize you could do that, go to Patreon and do a search for get the RSS feed or just look for it. It should be usually on the right, sometimes depending on your screen size it might pop over to the left but there is an RSS feed that is custom for every single supporter of the show and you get the full pre and post show. It's the only way to get the pre show for the most part at patreon.com slash dtns. Our email address is feedback at dailytechnewshow.com we're live Monday through Friday at 4.30 p.m. Eastern 2030 UTC at alphakeakradio.com and diamondclub.tv we're at facebook.com slash dailytechnewshow and our website is dailytechnewshow.com. Back tomorrow, of course, we'll be talking about net neutrality with the internet day of action and Scott Johnson, see you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. Well, I hope you have enjoyed this program. Did they pick Woodstock simply so that they could call it Mac stock? No, actually, Mike Potter lives in Woodstock so he came up with the name of it. It's so much fun. It's a really, really good time. It's little, it's just a few hundred people but it's just real community feel. One of my favorite conferences of all time was podcasters across borders in Ontario and it was small too. It was just a gathering. Wait, Ontario, California? No, Ontario, Canada. Oh, okay. It was mostly Canadian podcast expo. Yeah, and I, oh, that's right. I've been to a podcast conference in both Ontario's actually. That's right, that's right. But yeah, it was really fun. Sometimes those smaller ones are just better because everybody can spend time with each other. You can know each other? Yeah, yeah, that's really fun.  Well, that was rude of him. He could have been born any day. Oh, by the way, I should have mentioned this during the show. I mentioned it on Daily Tech Headlines but Rich from Lovely Cleveland had his baby boy this morning. Yay! He's got a bouncing baby boy. I know, so big congratulations to Rich. Of course, Rich Strothalino, if you have heard him fill in for me on Daily Tech Headlines, he actually filled in hosting DTNS for the week that I was at Nerdtacular for the first day. I did not make the connection that was Rich from Lovely Cleveland. That was Rich from Lovely Cleveland, yeah. Yep, same Rich. He started the whole thing, huh? Yeah. And so from Adjective Town? Kind of thing, yeah, I'm pretty sure. If he wasn't the first, he was the second. Like he was right there at the very beginning, so yeah. Oh, that's funny. Well, I haven't been to showbot lately. Yeah, so Roger. Yes. Oh, okay, I didn't know if you couldn't... If it's... Tom looks kind of spider short. You know what's been working before, so I just... Ah, gotcha. Okay, what do we got for titles? All right, Tom will explain how spiders work. No, Steve, you can't have one. Elon buys back his ex. That's kind of cool. Tom says this could take off Allison laughs. Microsoft changes the channels just in the panic of time. Audi drives you for $120,000. In Germany, Audi drive you. Sharing my umbrella. LLAA. Rent umbrellas by software. That's pretty good, rent umbrellas by software. I like that. Oh, wow, everything starts shifting, moving. Gotta use the freeze while reading button. I'm reading and it's still freezing. It's still moving, understand. Did you press the freeze while reading button? Yes. Is it blue? I don't think it should be rent umbrellas by some. Yes, both ways. All right, well. It's still moving. It's still moving. This doesn't work for me. Don't panic, Roger. You're probably blocking the script.  I feel like Veronica. Don't get so mad, yeah. Oh, it's happening in Poodle Puncher 2s. You're not alone. You have to be hovering over it to stop. Well, what should I hover over? Freeze while reading. Oh, freeze while reading? Yeah, I think that's what... Because I'm hovering over everything and... How do I... Yeah, but what's the best title, Roger? Well, it's still not working. I like rent umbrellas by software. Allison, what do you think? All right, let's go. That's pretty on-subject, isn't it? Yeah, well, it gets the umbrellas in there. And I normally don't like combo titles, but that one kind of just is really elegant. It's usually not authentic if it's a combo. Yeah, it's usually too forced, whereas this one's perfect. Starting with rent umbrellas is confusing, which is always good. Yeah, it makes you pay attention. You could start with buy software, then that would... You wouldn't read the... It would tune out. They're like, yeah, buy software, fine. They're trying to sell me something. Rent umbrellas? Rent umbrellas, what? What? But it's not too confusing to where they turn away and go like, I don't know what they're talking about. Bioco says, oh, no, it's broke. The freeze while reading is bread and it's broke, Roger. So you're not crazy. Well, not because of that. Well, are you suggesting I'm crazy? I'm not making any evaluative stations. You know what? I wouldn't argue with you at that point anyway. All right, so we're going with brand umbrellas by software. Yes, although Ken from Chicago, I like rent the gun by the cannoli. You know, leave the gun, keep... Take the cannoli. No, never mind. You don't know that famous quote? Leave the gun. Can't be that famous. Take the cannoli. Just because that's very famous. People talk about it all the time. Leave the gun and take the cannoli. Even when you're in the 15th night of your life. From the Godfather. I remember key moments of the film. Allison, am I crazy? I didn't see the Godfather. No! You know what? I have a show for you. I have a show. I'm going to break some news here. I'm going to pull a Scott Johnson. Oh, no. And it's because Scott and I, we're going to start watching the greatest movies of all time and talking about them on Current Geek. So I actually went and I took several different rankings of the greatest movies of all time and I combined them to create an Uber ranking. And we're going to start at the top, which I believe is the Godfather. Watch the movie and talk about it on Current Geek. So movies like How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days? That kind of movie? I don't know that that one's on there. I'll have to double check. That doesn't make sense. Kind of lists are you looking at. See, it's the Current Geek Film Fest. Come on, it's got Kate Hudson and Matthew McCarty. So the Godfather, Casablanca, Citizen Kane, Psycho, Sunset Boulevard, The Wizard of Oz. Like that. So I'm not like Midnight Cowboy. Midnight Cowboy might be on here. You know, every year when I was a little kid, when back in the old days, when we had to watch TV real time, The Wizard of Oz would come on once a year and I always watched it. It was our thing as a family. And one year, my dad said, if I was around 10 years old, he said, you know what, Alson? Another show is on a different channel and I want you to watch it with me. It's the movie Harvey. You ever seen that? That was the counter-programming to Wizard of Oz? Yeah, and so I sat up in bed in his bedroom with my mom and dad's room. We watched it while the rest of the family was downstairs and that became a, it means my dad. So in fact, I bought the movie for him later on VHS and we just watched it the other night with my kids. I let him in on it. And it was a great. But Wizard of Oz used to be a big deal for us too. My mom would put out snacks and we'd all sit down and make a big deal out of it when it would come on to the air. And it was like, yeah, like I said, it was every year, right? So when you say Harvey, you mean the one with Jimmy Stewart, right? Yeah. Oh yeah. No spoilers. I will, but if you ever read, see the box. Web at Magic. No. Web at Magic says Harvey is about. No spoilers for this 70 year old movie. Web at Magic says Harvey is about my big brother. Harvey is not on my list, but Midnight Cowboy is. But no one has Urban Cowboy. Does anyone have Urban Cowboy? Legal Eagles? No, Legal Eagles is definitely not on the list. I can guarantee that. E.T. is on the list. That's a great. Is it? There you go. Folder gang. That would be fun. I like that kind of show of everybody watching together. And it's caused something, an interesting effect. Do you know about, what's the Star Trek podcast? Star Trek podcast. The Ruck? No, no, no. Rod Rodgers. Rod Rodgers, yeah. Sponsored one. Yeah, yeah. I can't think of the name of it with John and Ken. Anyway, the interesting effect of that is I've had friends of mine say, oh my God, did you see Star Trek last night? Right. Because we're watching the same thing together. It's like it has created the water cooler conversation. I was at the gym with Dorothy when she said it and I was on talk at a Bart in Ireland once when he said it. And it's just creating an interesting effect like, oh man, so when data, blah, blah, you know, it just made it really fun. Well, yeah. I mean, that's kind of what we're trying to do a little bit on spoiler and time is say like, hey, we're all going to watch these things together and talk about them. We're in the, we just finished justified and we're either going to watch Deadwood or Firefly. Mission log. Mission log. Thank you. Mission log is the Rod Roddenberry Ken ratio. Yeah. You know who's the sweetest guy in the world? Rod Roddenberry. He is. I have heard that. From Ken. Yeah. No, I had a, I used to have a party at Macworld every year for my fans and he came one year and we did a thing where people could call into a Google hangout who couldn't come to Macworld and could join in the party. And he sat there and talked to them for like a half hour, put on the headphones and talked to him. And then he just kind of left all of a sudden and it was like, okay, whatever, you know, that's fine. And then all of a sudden he comes running back and he goes, oh my God, I forgot to say thank you. Thank you so much. It shook my hand. And he said, man, that's good parenting. And he said, well, no, it's a really good nanny, actually. Oh, that's funny. Yeah. He's a sweetheart. Well, no, I feel like I read something recently about him saying that getting back into, or getting into covering Star Trek is kind of a way for him to feel like he's getting to know his father in a way that he never did. Yeah, yeah, he did a movie that was a documentary about. And I wish they would play that over and over and over again. It was phenomenal. It was so interesting to see him discover what his father meant to people. Yeah. And he wasn't so much trying to say that, he didn't know his father at all growing up. But he's like, you know, when I was growing up, he was just my dad, you know? Yeah. I didn't really take that much interest in what he did. That was his work. Yeah, exactly. He was like, I was a Star Wars fan. I didn't care what my dad did for work. Show him with like an R2D2 cake on women's birthdays, that kind of thing. So yeah, that was it. That was a, I loved that documentary. I felt really bad before it came out. I was talking to him and he was talking about what he was learning.  And I said, man, as I was, you know, what it meant to little girls everywhere. And I said, I always thought of her as the secretary because she answered the phone. And he goes, oh no, that's exactly what she looked like. It was like, he thought of this profile on mediums.  Well, and that, it all depends on the perspective you bring into it, right? Like that's what that shows. That's what you're expecting to see.   That's a totally different perspective. Yeah, I felt bad. Trek Nation, Steve says. That's what it was called, the movie. Trek Nation. They played it like twice. And I don't think you can like get it on Netflix or anything and you should be able to. Okey-dokey. AT&T supports a net neutrality. Oh, you can buy it on DVD. I did not know that. Bob's Burgers and Futurama are on Hulu now, in case anyone was worried. Okey-dokey. I think I published the show without screwing it up too much. Yeah. Didn't happen. I mean, not too much. Doesn't mean I'm dismissed. No, I'm double checking to make sure they did it right. Yes, it does look like I did it right. Anthony Limos is volunteered to spruce up our show notes for us too and he's already in there making them look nice. So if you see nicer show notes, thank Ethan Kane either on Twitter or in chat when you see him. That is it for us on the stream. Thank you all for joining us, Allison.  Right. Thanks everybody for watching. We'll talk to you tomorrow. Goodbye. Bye.


In other news tonight, law enforcement officials are seeking the wife of a southern Minnesota homicide victim. 54-year-old David Reese was found dead in Blooming Prairie on Friday. The medical examiner's office says Reese died as a result of multiple gunshot wounds. Reese's wife, 56-year-old Lois Ann Reese, is being sought by law enforcement as a person of interest in the murder. She is known to frequent casinos and is likely driving a white 2005 Cadillac Escalade Minnesota license plate 864-LAE. Lois Reese is 5'5", 165 pounds with brown eyes and light blonde hair. Investigators believe she may be armed and urge the public to call 911 with information unaware about but do not approach her. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Hi, I'm Olson Cummings from Yonkers, New York with C&E, C&A, C6F, and on the Navy's 239th birthday, I'd like to thank my mother and my father for their great support. Thank you very much.


Hey what's up you guys welcome back to my channel if you're new here hi I'm Lydia and if you aren't here make sure you hit subscribe button and during the growing family while you're there too on notifications and hit the like button. I'm doing a... answering frequently asked questions about bipolar 1. The first question I've got is what does it feel... what does bipolar 1 feel like? So by bipolar 1 you have to be manner and you have to repressive epithelial roots and you have middle, middle ground. Living between two extremes is incredibly hard and often or not it's something that seems impossible because you don't know what a running epithelial is going to feel. You don't know what a direct epithelial is going to feel and you're living life on these extremes. When you're manneric only it feels great if you feel onto the world.  So living with it is very hard because you want to avoid the extremes. I'm currently medicated for my bipolar. I take heliparadol, vortioxin, lithium. What coping school do you use to manage mood swings? So to manage mood swings I want to make it clear bipolar isn't swinging from one extreme to the other really quickly. That's bpd. Bpd is intense emotion swinging, bipolar is slow so you have the mania, the depression and it fluctuates along the line. You're not always happy and you're not always sad. There is a base flying. So the coping skills that I use are I take medication every day, twice a day. I have a routine.  The next question is do you get psychosis and manic failures? Yes I do. I get delusions, I get hallucinations, I get both. Along with being a mania which is when the mania gets dangerous really when psychosis comes into it. When psychosis comes into it you are no longer just happy and all but annihilated. You're believing things that aren't real.  Convinced no one knows what you know.  What's the main symptom you experience? For me the main symptom I experience is hearing fallacies and then feeling suicidal. I have more depressive episodes than I have manic episodes. The next question is which is worse? Being manic or depressed? Depressed for sure. When I'm manic I get so much done. Depression is worse because you don't get any cases where you do nothing.  Going to get fluid is effort that you don't have.  When I'm in depressed episodes I don't eat, I don't sleep, I can't do anything. The next question is downsides of being manic? And as a siren? Would you get killed on a different screen please? So downsides of being manic? You send a lot of money. You're impulsive. Breakdown is a relationship. Committing to too much. Taking on too many projects. That's just a handful of things that are the negatives of being manic. What's your worst manic episode? The worst manic episode I've ever had was the first one I ever had and I was 13 years old. I was manic and I was psychotic. It's convinced that the government was what after me.  I had just taken on boards so many projects to do. I was not in a good frame of mind. I took on those projects. I tried to get adult commitments. I thought I could do anything I wanted. The first one was what got me diagnosed as why I failed at type 1. It took one session with a psychiatrist to get a diagnosis because I was talking so fast and jumping from one subject to the next to the next. Moving through things like it made sense. The unit didn't make sense. I wasn't coherent. It just wasn't a good situation and I was hospitalised or but that was the far the worst I ever had. Next question is are you always manic or depressed or can you have a baseline? I said this earlier. Does mania, depression, mid ground? So there definitely is a mid ground that you can be on. Stable mid ground especially with medication. The medication I'm on keeps me very stable. I am on baseline at the minute. I'm not manic and I'm not depressed. My most recent episode was a depressive episode with having a hospitalised. The depressive episodes are really dark and difficult to deal with but so is mania. Mania is really hard to deal with because you don't believe you're manic. You just think you're doing really well. Next question is do you still experience hypomania as saying a transition to mania as well as mania? No I don't have hypomania. I only have mania. Hypomania comes in with bipolar type 2. Then the last question is which type is that? Is it mania or depression? It's mania and depression. Yeah with the baseline. How to include the baseline. That is all the questions I've got for this video. If you want to have a question to answer in a video, follow me on Instagram. This is where I answer all my questions. Thanks for watching and if you're new like I said at the beginning join the growing family. We love you, we want you here. So why not hit the subscribe button. Yes I'm aware I've got pink all over my face. I dyed my hair and it went everywhere. Oops.