Hi. I will begin this presentation. I'm Shitokai, from Hitachi. I'm happy to have this opportunity to speak here. Today, I would like to talk about a guide of authentication and authorization for cloud native applications with key clock. First of all, I will introduce myself. I'm Shitokai, and I'm a software engineer at Hitachi. And I'm a specialist in authentication and authorization. And I engage in authentication and authorization technical support. Also, I am a contributor of key clock, which is identity and access management OSS. I contribute to key clock, such as OS 2.0 device authorization grant, performance improvement, security improvement for tokens. In addition, I am a writer of web analytics about IAM. I return the main topic, the contents as follows. First, I will explain importance of authentication and authorization. Then I introduce key clock. In addition, I introduce authentication for cloud native applications with key clock. Finally, I introduce authorization for cloud native applications with key clock. First, I explain importance of authentication and authorization. First, I will explain what authentication and authorization are. First, authentication. Authentication is the process of verifying the user or client who or which is requesting API. As shown in the figure, before authentication, the system does not who the user is. However, once authenticated, the system knows who the user is. Second, authorization. Authorization is the process of verifying if user can access the request API. As shown in the figure, before authorization, the system does not know whether the user can access the API. However, authorized, the system knows whether the user can access the API. I experience security risk about authentication and authorization. Two security risks are listed in OSP top 10 API security. Two security risks are listed in OSP top 10 about authentication and authorization. Number one, broken access control. Number seven, identification, authentication, file loss. Moreover, four security risks are listed in OSP top 10 API security about authentication and authorization. Number one, broken object level authorization. Number two, broken authentication. Number three, broken object property level authorization. Number five, broken function level authorization. In this way, if you do not implement appropriate authentication and authorization, it leads to serious security risk. Therefore, it is important to minimize security risks by implementing appropriate authentication and authorization. Next, I introduce key clock. Key clock is IAM OSS. And here, I introduce three major features. The first feature is to support standard specification, such as OS 2.0, OpenID Connect 1.0, and SAML 2.0. The second is logging with social media, such as GitHub and Facebook and so on. I will explain this feature in detail later. The third feature is to connect to existing user stores, such as LDAP and Active Directory. In addition, key clock has two advantage for cloud-native environments. The first advantage is easy deployment on Kubernetes environment. There are two ways to deploy key clock in Kubernetes. And the first is using Docker image. The second is using key clock operator. The second advantage is that key clock is suitable for container environment. Key clock changes base distribution from wildfire to caucus in November 2022. Then key clock starting has been fast from 30.5 seconds to 8.7 seconds. And memory consumption of key clock at the starting has been less from 407 megabytes to 234 megabytes. Therefore, quick scaling is possible for key clock. From these two advantages, key clock is suitable for cloud-native environments. One more important thing is that in April 2023, key clock joins C&C as an incubating project. Key clock will be the standard IAM product for C&C ecosystem. I actually have to minimize security risks. And that's, I explained in previous slides. There are two important things to implement authorization and authorization, and to minimize security risks. First is supporting standard specification, recommended by best current practice, to protect from current attack methods. Second is continuing to support specifications recommended by new BCP to protect from new evolved attack methods. This is because, as shown in the figure, attack methods evolve day by day. And without supporting BCP, it becomes difficult to prevent attacks. Key clock satisfies above two important things. I will explain how key clock satisfies above two important things. First, I explained how key clock satisfies the first important things, that is, supporting standard specifications recommended by BCP to protect from current attack methods. Key clock has a following standard specification. As shown in the figure, key clock supports standard specification contained in BCP. Therefore, key clock satisfies the first important thing. Then I explained how key clock satisfies the second important things, and continuing to support standard specification recommended by new BCP to protect from new evolved attack methods. Key clock is quick to support standard specification. And this is because key clock has OSSIG, which implements security standard specification related to OSS or OpenID foundation. Currently, specialists of OSSIG discuss implementing standard specifications once a month. Also, the number of OSSIG GitHub for one year is 3011, and key clock ranked in seventh in terms of the first growing contributes current. Therefore, it is expected that community-increased OSSIG will continue to be active. So far, I hope you understand that key clock can implement security risks about authentication and authorization, and key clock suitable implementation for authentication and authorization in cloud-native environments. From here, I will introduce authentication and authorization for cloud-native application with key clock. First, I will introduce authentication for cloud-native application with key clock. The following functions are used in terms of authentication for cloud-native applications. In this presentation, I will explain single sign-on, social loggy, multi-factor authentication, and web awesome, and pass keys. Part of five authentication functions, the first function is single sign-on. Single sign-on is a system that allows you to use multi-application with one login. Key clock enables SSO by cookie authentication. Therefore, users do not have to import and manage user name and password for each application. The figure on the left illustrates the scenario when single sign-on is not enabled. In the left figure, a user must access login screen of each cloud-native application. The figure on the left illustrates the scenario when single sign-on is enabled with key clock. In the left figure, key clock provides same login experience in each cloud-native application. From the above, key clock improves user experience. Out of five authentication functions, the second function is social login. Social login is logged in service with account of social media. Key clock allows user to use account of social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Microsoft, and so on. Therefore, users do not have to import user information, such as name, address, email, telephone, telephone number, and password. On the other hand, users do not have to register user information. In addition, users do not have to manage user name and password. The figure on the right illustrates the scenario when user use account of GitHub or Facebook to log in in cloud-native application with key clock. When user press login with GitHub, user access the GitHub login screen, then user can log in with user's GitHub account. The same applies when log in with account of Facebook. Therefore, user can cloud-native application without registering user information. From the above, key clock enhance user experience. Part of five authentication functions, the third function is multi-factor authentication. Multi-factor authentication is authenticating by using two or more of the following three. First is something you'd know, for example, password. Second is something you have, for example, authenticator. Third is something you are, for example, fingerprint. Key clock authenticates using something you know and something you have. The figure on the right illustrates the scenario when user log in using password and one-time password with key clock. First, user register authenticator with key clock. User access login screen and inputs user name and password. This is authenticated by something you know. When password authentication is successful, key clock return one-time password screen. User input one-time password displayed in Google Authenticator. This is authenticated by something you have. When one-time password authentication is successful, user can log in. Key clock prevents illegal authentication even if attacks succeed in password authentication by attack method, such as directionary attack, password-based attack, breadth-force attack, and reverse breadth-force attack. The figure on the right illustrates the scenario that the attacker knows victim's user name and password. Password authentication succeeds because attacker knows user name and password. After password authentication, attacker needs to perform one-time password authentication. But one-time password authentication fires because attacker does not have authenticator. In this way, key clock prevents illegal login with MFA. Out of five authentication functions, the fourth function is WebOSN. WebOSN is authentication technology which enables password-less authentication and MFA. Key clock authenticates user without password. Therefore, user do not need to remember complex password. Here, I will explain how key clock authenticates without password. First, user sends authentication request to key clock. And key clock returns challenge add to user. Then, user authenticates with authenticator. For example, fingerprint authentication, facial authentication. Here, I use fingerprint authentication. When fingerprint authentication is successful, authenticator signs challenge. And also get a pass signature for challenge to key clock. Key clock authenticates by referring to the signature. This is authentication by something you have. When verification of signature is successful, user can log in. Also, phishing can prevent in key clock. The figure in the board illustrates the scenario attacker use phishing site. First, attacker use user to phishing site. And the authenticator signs challenge. Second, authenticator pass signature for challenge to attacker. Third, attacker sends authentication request to key clock. And key clock returns challenge to attacker. Fourth, attacker sends signature obtained at second to key clock. And key clock verifies signature, but signature verification fails. Because the third challenge and fourth challenge are different. In this way, key clock provides secure authentication to user. Out of five functions, the fifth function is pass key. Pass key is authentication technology with synchronized credentials between multi-authenticators by cloud platform. Key clock authenticates user with multi-authenticators. Therefore, users can use smartphones and PCs as authenticator. The figure on the barrel illustrates the scenario when user use pass key with key clock. When user lost or replace smartphones, user can use PC or new smartphone as authenticator without registration. This is because credentials are synchronized. Key clock improves user experience. In Chapter 3, I introduced authentication for cloud native applications with key clock. I hope you understand that key clock provides basic advanced authentication functions. Finally, I will introduce authorization for cloud native application with key clock. To support the following standard specification is useful in terms of authorization for cloud native application. I will explain OS 2.0 financial-grade API 1.0, OS 2.0 device authorization ground. Out of three standard specifications, the first standard specification is OS 2.0. OS 2.0 is the default standard about issue of token, which is essential for authorization. Key clock issues token incomprehens with OS 2.0. The figure on the barrel illustrates the flow of OS 2.0. First, user use client. Client sends authorization requests to key clock via the browser. Second, key clock is user authentication and authorization. Third, key clock return authorization response to client via the browser. Fourth, client sends token request to key clock because client obtain access token. Access token is necessary to send API request. Fifth, key clock return token response includes access token. Seventh, client sends API request with access token. Seventh, the access service verifies access token and returns API response. This is the flow of OS 2.0. However, OS 2.0 is a standard specification with a high degree of freedom. So, there is an issue that it is easy to create security holes. In fact, there are attacks that cannot be prevented in OS 2.0. Out of three standard specifications, the second standard specification is the financial grade API. FAPI 1.0 is high-level security specification describing security, secure usage of OS 2.0 and OpenID Connect 1.0. For example, Pixi is optional in OS 2.0, but Pixi is required in FAPI 1.0 to increase security. I will explain the demand for FAPI 1.0. FAPI 1.0 is expected to support it, particular in the financial industry. The following is Open Banking is using FAPI 1.0. It's the first Open Banking in the UK. Second, consumer data rights in Australia. Third, Open Banking Brazil in Brazil. Fourth, SA may open banking in Saudi Arabia. In this way, FAPI 1.0 is attracting attention globally. Key clock prevents attacks that cannot be prevented in OS 2.0. Therefore, a user can use service security. First, I will explain attacks that cannot be prevented in OS 2.0. The figure in the below illustrates these attacks that cannot be prevented in OS 2.0. First, tempering of authorization requests. Authorization requests are easily tempered in OS 2.0 because authorization requests are sent up to your brother. Second is tempering of authorization response. Authorization response are easily tempered in OS 2.0 because authorization response are sent up to your brother. Authorization response is set and illegal use of API by stealing access token. There is no verification of... There is no verification of source of API request in OS 2.0. Therefore, if attacker steals access token, attacker illegally use API. I will explain how key clock prevents those three attacks that explained at previous slide. First is how to prevent tempering of authorization request. First, key clock requires client to sign authorization request. Therefore, if authorization request is tempered, key clock detects temper by verifying the signature. Second is authorization response. Second is how to prevent tempering of authorization response. Key clock signs authorization response. Therefore, if authorization response is tempered, client detects tempering by verifying the signature. Third is how to prevent illegal use of API by stealing access token. Key clock includes information of client certification in access token. Therefore, if attacker sends API request with access token, access service can reject API request. Because access service can note the right source of API request from information of client certification in access token. In this way, key clock provides us secure authorization to users. Out of three standard specifications, the third standard specification in O2.0 device authorization grant. O2.0 device authorization grant is designed for IoT device that is a rack or a browser or an input constraint text. Key clock executes authorization, even if client does not have browser. Therefore, users can use IoT device as client. The figure on the below illustrates the flow of O2.0 device authorization grant with key clock, when users use smart TV as client. First, client uses smart TV as client. And client sends device authorization request to key clock. And second, key clock return device authorization response with verification URI and user code. And client displays verification URI and user code. Third, user impets verification URI into smartphone and access verification URI. For a user is impetting URI, client continues to send token requests to key clock at all regular intervals. Key clock return token response to client. But user has not yet been authenticated and authorized. Token response does not include access token. And fourth, user access verification URI with smartphone and user executes user and user code authentication and authorization. And fifth, after authentication and authorization are complete, client sends token request to key clock. Six, key clock returns token response, include access token to client. Seventh, client sends API request with access token to access service. Eight, access service return API response to client. In this way, key clock use IoT device as clients. Since the number of IT device is likely to increase in the future, supporting O2.0 device authorization grants will be important. In chapter four, I introduce authorization for cloud native applications with key clock. I hope you have understood key clock supports various standard specifications. I will summarize this presentation. First, I explain importance of authentication and authorization. Next, I introduce key clock. Key clock joins CNCF as incubating project. So, key clock will be the default standard of IAM product for CNCF ecosystem. Next, I introduce authentication and authorization for cloud native application with key clock. For authorization, authentication, single sign-on, social login, multi-factor authentication, web authentication, and pass keys. For authorization, O2.0, API 1.0, O2.0 device authorization grants. In this way, key clock supports wide range of authentication features and authorization features. Finally, if you would like to know more about key clock, please see official document and GitHub and back written by the key clock project leader. Thank you for your attention. If there are any questions, I'd be pleased to answer them. Client has not monitored. In this, key clock has not... key clock executes... key clock do not executes authentication and authorization. Require monitor. Sorry, I could repeat that one, sorry. Key clock, good job. So, I must share.


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Hey friends today. I am hanging out at Disney's Animal Kingdom and we have reservations for the opening day of Tusker House I am so excited. I absolutely love this restaurant is a character dining with Mickey and all of his friends all in their Safari gear all you care to eat and I am pumped so Let's go do this Tusker house used to be one of the most popular Character buffet meals here at Disney World and it's reopening with a family style service and also a brand new menu So some of the favorites that used to be served inside Tusker House will no longer be served and we're gonna get some new items They are gonna be serving breakfast and dinner and we're gonna be doing dinner tonight And I'm excited from the pictures that I seen it looks like it's gonna be like a skillet family style Probably all you care to enjoy and there's a lot of desserts like they have a dessert platter That's probably all animal themed. I mean, we're at Animal Kingdom and Mickey and his friends are all in their Safari gear So it's really awesome And I think it was the only all you can eat restaurant that was in Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom needs some more restaurants. So now that this is opening up I'm pumped Here is a look at some new signage They have outside Tusker House restaurant family style dining with an African flavor Character dining enjoy a taste of adventure with your favorite Disney characters at breakfast lunch and dinner and just take a look at some Of the things they have in there. It looks like an impressive bread service. We've got some meat Mac and cheese. I don't know what this is but that looks good and I'm excited It is fifty five dollars for adults and thirty six dollars for kids three to nine For about to indulge in some African inspired cuisine. We might as well get some African inspired music on a cavalcade I have always enjoyed the Tusker House seating area because it's actually shared with the Dawah bar Which is one of my favorite bars in Animal Kingdom You can sit back and enjoy some of the amazing drinks that they have while you wait for your actual table So we're probably gonna end up doing that Very nice air circulation in here, too And this is the Dawah bar right here a lot of amazing drinks and then check in is right on over here One of the drinks they have at the Dawah bar is the lion's fury I've had this in the past before but it's definitely a drink that's gonna give you a little bit of a kick It's red stag cherry whiskey with tropical jungle juice topped with a float of fireball cinnamon whiskey I don't think I'm gonna be getting that today But let me tell you something if you like something with a little bit of a burn. That's the way to go Instead I think I might be getting myself a Tusker Lager because we're gonna be eating at Tusker House once we get the Tusker beer They also have a safari amber here that you can actually get at Epcot and Hollywood studios So they really good like African inspired beers Here's a look at some of the beers These are the ones they just have in bottles and cans But they do have some on draft and that's the one I'm getting a Tusker Now we're just gonna sit here enjoy the music in our beer and wait for a table to get called and then after dinner We're probably gonna come out ride some rides. I would love to do expedition Everest at night I mean it's been a while and since we kind of have a little bit later of a reservation It might be dusk by then so maybe we'll see That did not take long at all and I just got our text that our table is ready So we're gonna go back and we're gonna get a look inside the dining room for the first time in over a year Jombo travelers your adventure awaits. I love it. I'm so excited Our table is over here But I like how they have this all open right here because this is probably where the characters are gonna come in and out and Kind of just do a little parade right down the middle First things first we're probably gonna be getting the bread and we're gonna be getting this salad And I'm not too sure when the characters come out So it might be sporadic or it might be just a grub so I noticed when I was at chef Mickey They all came out at once and I was too interested in the character So the food got a little bit cold and I didn't mind anyway because I'm really excited every time I see Mickey Your goofy and we'll see how they come out here So well first like I said we got our salad in our bread service and it looks like it's kind of a little bit of a miniature portion of Sena's bread service mainly because I noticed the mango chutney there in the center there But I'm excited to try this we have some hummus and also the salad itself looks pretty decent I like how they put everything on the side in this little container So you can actually mix it together and if there's something you don't want you can just have it right there I'll just put it in oh Look at this Mickey's here I told you it happens so quick you got to be on guard at all times and there he goes It's okay. I think he starts in the back and then comes out this way So he will come visit by the table, but it's so funny because he just came in and just went back Hey Take a photo. Yeah. Oh, nice. You like the hat fancy, right? Thank you That's amazing Now we need to get in the bread service a little bit I'm excited to try the mango chutney like I said and these are just regular dinner rolls and this is the pop bread This is really really good. It's kind of like a potato chip taste. It's very salty very delicious. I love this So I'm gonna put a little of the mango chutney on there Gonna take a little bite here The salad itself has a citrus dressing on it very very good I didn't try anything that's in here I just tried basically the dressing and I like it now It's important not to fill up on the bread and salad because the main stuff is coming out soon So we're gonna take our time, but I do need to try this dinner roll Well hold the phone the group is here look at him The group There he is How we doing good are you excited to be back in Tusker house? I know right? That's the way that's the champ I like your whiskers are very springy today Very cool. Oh Can we take a photo? Yeah So back to the bread. I love the bread service they have here It's very airy very light and even the dinner rolls themselves are like a sweet dinner roll I was really shocked by that. So I'm already I'm like bring on the food We still have a couple more character meet and greets are gonna come through here But I'm liking the way this is actually going about it's actually a nice steady pace Oh, it's time to clap along Problem-free philosophy Hakuna Matata Hakuna Matata so much excitement happening It was really awesome to see goofy and Mickey dancing and they were playing Hakuna Matata and everybody was clapping That's the atmosphere you like to see and that's the atmosphere that really makes the $55 worth it here now The food's got to back it up. So we'll find out when the food gets here at all and Holy moly speak of the food here. It is this looks absolutely amazing We've got green curry shrimp right here and those look so delicious. We've got a nice mac and cheese Right in there and then for the meats. We've got a pork. We've got a beef. This is basically an African African marinated pork and then this is a Moroccan spiced beef and then these are herb chicken That's served over jasmine rice roasted potatoes and vegetables I'm not even gonna wait first things first the Moroccan beef. I'm diving right in here More characters are coming. Oh boy. I gotta eat the beef It's Donald Look at the way he's walking. He's the man I Got super excited But this beef is amazing and I like how they have this little chimichurri sauce This reminds me of the sauce that's on the steak at the garden grill very delicious Now I'm gonna hop over to the curry shrimp here and look at that. That is a good-looking shrimp The shrimp is that good That is so good Honestly, this might be my favorite, but I can't say that yet because I still have things that I have to get to Well, I like that hat where you're gonna get a good photo. Yeah, there we go You're the man. Thank you I'm gonna save the pork for last because I got a really good feeling about it So I'm gonna try the chicken now chicken looks good though, but that pork.  I Don't know why I was using my tongs Now I got a fourth bowl of rice Wow And then underneath the beef they had these potatoes, so we're gonna try a little bit of those as well They look good though nicely seasoned It is time for the pork Let's see. Oh wow that cuts too easily.  I like those shoes Man sassy. Oh little nice. Thank you Daisy. You're amazing Now it's time to try this pork This is what I said, I think I'm gonna like the most so we'll see if we're right here. I was totally right I love the pork. It has such an amazing marinade on it So tender so amazing if I were to say my second favorite thing it would be the shrimp Followed by the beef then the potatoes the rice the veggies and then the chicken The cool thing is is you don't need to get everything all again if you want more items you can do with all the cards So there was only four shrimp I'm definitely gonna get some more shrimp and I'll probably get a little bit more pork But I think that's enough food for me. You know what I mean? There's still a lot of desserts coming out So we need to save room for desserts, but I definitely get more pork and shrimp and especially the shrimp I Really do love the vegetables the corn and the carrots mixed together so well But this is a great meal and the dessert is still yet to come And speak of dessert look at this Here it is.  This all looks really well bad It's probably what I'm looking forward to the most. I'm gonna get a real good close look at it. Look at those layers I'm gonna try a little bit of the cupcake first. I do like cupcakes, but like they're not my favorite thing I like like different cakes and I probably would like the brownie probably a little bit more than this But we'll see. I mean, I might be wrong It's not a horrible cupcake, but it's just like a cupcake now this cake right here is probably something I'm gonna enjoy quite well This is it I'm excited That's the one that's the silver tune That cake did not stand a chance and now I'm gonna try the brownie It's kind of like a s'mores brownie though because you can see like there's a little like Graham cracker like crust over here and I think these are like marshmallows.  Isn't that fancy? That was absolutely delicious if I were to compare it to chef Mickey's I feel like the main courses were so much better than chef Mickey's the desserts weren't that great here I think chef Mickey's desserts were better the character meet and greets like the character interaction was probably better Chef Mickey's too, but both of them are like phenomenal. I feel like this one is a little bit more of an adventurous eater Even though chef Mickey's definitely stepped up their game used to be like a kitty menu now There's a lot of mushrooms and risotto. So I don't know it's it's definitely hard to say but Overall, I think when it comes to food, I like the food here a little bit more Now I'm super full and we're gonna try to walk over to expedition Everest I'm sure that's not the best ride you should be riding once you just got done eating a big meal, but we're gonna make it work. I Forgot to get a coffee to go Normally whenever I go to any of these sit-down restaurants that is all you care to enjoy it comes with free soft drinks and coffee and It's all included in the price. So usually to get a coffee and take it to go with me. It's a good trick That's the best to get your money's worth right there Now it's time. I think we're gonna head on expedition Everest I am so excited. This is a good way to cool off But I think I digested a little bit like I feel like not so full at the moment. So yeah, this is gonna be great It also looks like it is a walk on. I don't even think people are like in line for this at all Look at this. I've never seen it like this. It says 20 minutes. There's no way no way. This is a 20-minute wait Yeah, definitely not a 20-minute wait, this is where we're stopping. Well, not even stopping. We're just kind of walking at a slow pace Oh, look at those yetis and Josh gates And of course, I got a rate for row one. I love row one on this ride Some rides the back is good and the front is good, but this one is the best. Don't you agree? Yeah, I think they agree Here it comes Our terror Let's see if we're gonna get the bird today Walks up there Much needed almost lost the hat on that one again Even though I probably wouldn't have fell out of the cart itself I have lost my phone on there one time and it was laying on the bottom of like the ride vehicle And I slammed my foot down and like held it in place the whole time, but yeah, I don't have luck with hats I mean they kind of just fly off and it's not that I wear them while I'm riding sometimes I take them off But they still fall Thank you That time my hat was sitting like in the pouch and it doesn't fit all the way in the pouches So I think when we started to like go backwards It came up and then it was just rolling around the bottom and that's when I started panicking But it didn't fly away. We got it Now I'm gonna have to stop and get myself a coffee since I wasn't able to grab a coffee Before I left and I think they have a lion's latte that sounded pretty interesting white chocolate and coconut Available hot or iced. Oh, I don't know about that Close he is. I've never had a pigeon that close Sorry, I had to share that happy pigeon it looked like it was enjoying its little meal on the ground there But I decided on getting the lion's latte. I mean I wasn't too sure with the coconut, but I bet you it's gonna be pretty good Look at it. It's got whipped cream and it's got coconut on top And I think I'm gonna like a lion get it hot or iced. I definitely want ice because it is a hot day Oh, but now here's a bunch of baby ducks. They got separated from their mom though.  Come on Come on across the bridge Yeah No, no, no come back come back this way. There we go this way. No, no, no There they go. I Really want to see these ducks get back to their mom here. They come again. They heard they come Ducks coming through ducks coming through here they come here they come Come on. No, don't run. Don't run. Don't run. No, we're clearing the bridge for them Here they come again. Oh Yes, you got this. No, I'm gonna wait it out with these ducks. I want to see them get over this bridge They just keep circling it.  Yes They did it look at them they're just really going along now That is such an amazing thing to see right there The lion's latte was delicious, but there's nothing that can top the feeling of seeing those ducks get across that bridge It was a like honestly, I know you guys probably don't see it because you're looking at it as an edited video But I'd say a good 20 minutes like they kept on trying to get there And then like everybody would stop and then people would start coming this way and they get scared and they run back So like it was really cool to see everybody kind of stopped what they're doing I mean there was a couple of floaters that were like just walking by who don't know anything like about the ducks like Getting lost from their mom But there was a like a lot of people that were really concerned So it was great and then seeing them go and as we were showing them on like go go go go Wow, anyways, I think that's gonna do it for me today. Tusker house expedition Everest ducks and lion lattes It's animal kingdom. So I hope you enjoyed the video. I enjoyed making it. We'll see you next time. Bye Now it's time to say goodbye to animal kingdom. Bye guys. Bye friends. See ya Bye friends. Bye friends. Yes. Yes. See you later. I like that stitch paw very nice very fancy very fancy Oh, hello friends. Look at that This is a great day. I am so happy


I am Bolin Zhang and I will be presenting work on behalf of me and my co-authors from University of Wisconsin at Madison. As researchers continue to advance methods and systems to produce more accurate haptic renderings, it is also important to consider whether the improved accuracy benefits the perceived realism of rendering. Studying perceived realism can inform the required accuracy and performance of haptic systems. Furthermore, understanding the sensitivities of users to imperfections in model printers can help system designers balance trade-offs during haptic actuator design. We investigated the effect of parameter variations on perceived realism for a common set of kinensetic haptic properties. We identified and modeled a set of four objects consisting of these properties. We used the doll model to simulate the friction in a faucet knob, used the superposition linear stiffness model to simulate the stiffness in a doorknob, and used half and continuous sinusoidal model to simulate the detent in a deadbolt lock and a multimeter knob, respectively. We conducted a user study where participants interacted with a range of model printers for each of the objects and provided corresponding realism readings. One haptic interface provided a variable haptic rendering of the object, where a single parameter of the rendering model was varied from an established nominal value. The other parameter was set at the nominal value and kept unchanged. The other haptic interface provided a nominal rendering of the object to give participants a reference for their realism readings. The parameters of the nominal renderings were collaboratively determined based on a voting procedure among four haptic experts. The nominal renderings were consistent between trials. We fit power model to the realism data, which provides intuition into the sensitivity of the haptic model parameters. We clustered the fit into four groups, which can be principally described by the differences in the power model exponents. The first cluster was FITs, where the decrease in realism was approximately linear. This behavior indicates that participants were equally sensitive to parameter changes across the range of parameter values. The second cluster was FITs, where the decrease in realism was weakly quadratic. The majority of FITs exhibited its behavior. This trend suggests that for these parameters, some inaccuracy in the model parameter may not have a large impact on users perceived to realism. The third cluster was FITs, where the decrease in realism had a higher order exponent in the power model. The higher order exponent indicated that a large range of parameter values near the nominal are perceived as similarly realistic and thus designers may not need to focus on fine tuning these parameters. The final cluster was FITs, where the power model exponent was less than one. Parameters with similar FITs are susceptible to large decreases in perceived realism for small parameter changes and thus may require fine tuning. The results suggested that changes to the perceived realism are dependent on the haptic property that is varied. Future work will focus on examining a wider range of objects and haptic rendering effects. In addition, we plan to investigate parameter interaction to further understand human sensitivity to rendering parameters.


It's the time for the sailors creed. Hi, I'm the United States Sailor. I was born in the band of the Constitution of the United States of America. Now I'm at yours as well as before nobody. I represent the fighting spirit of the Navy and those who have come before me to demand freedom and democracy around the world. I proudly serve my country's Navy combat team with honor, courage, and commandant. I am committed to the actions of the bad treatment of all who hate the Army.


So this mannequin actually has a little bit of an undercut so I wanted to recycle this thing but it's actually gonna kind of work to our benefit as well. All right so I'm gonna comb everything straight back towards me and then what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go parietal ridge on both sides so follow that. Parietal ridge is kind of where the hair starts to fall where the curve of the head goes down so what I'll do is I kind of comb this back and then I'll look right in the middle of the eyebrow and that's about where I'll take it so there's not going to be a ton of hair because we have that undercut and then I'll work this around here then I'm going to come across across mid crown so I'm creating a rectangle lying across parietal cross mid crown and then I'm going to connect it back on this side. Now a little fun fact we've got this point here so in order to get a balanced point on the top of the head what I'll do is I'll turn this and I'll figure out where that point is and I'll balance it with my thumb so where my thumb is is where I want to connect these two points together and I'll comb this forward just to get the hair kind of flowing in that direction and then I'll take it from back here and to my thumb and once it hits my thumb I know exactly that I've got that point exactly where I want it in the front of the head and I've got a nice balanced top. Now it might not be perfect every time I'll take a look at it and see but it's closer than you probably would get without doing that. All right now we've got the parietal ridge separated so now I just go through and I make sure I clean up that section fully so I'm going to start working on the sides and I'm going to connect no matter what if I had this undercut or not I actually like the length of this undercut I would work diagonal back so I'm going to connect those I'll probably take a little bit off this undercut so you guys can see a little bit of a slight change in it here we go so diagonal back parting about finger width section I comb it out and now what I want to be careful of is this hair is going to flow over the top this way so I don't want to build up too much weight by shifting my finger angle back I want the finger to stay nice and tight to the head so I'll do a slight bit of elevation right here cutting down then I'll recomb and shift my finger angle in towards the head you can see not too much of a build up of weight here but a slight bit just so it kind of works with the curve of the head but shifting that finger angle really helps with that so now diagonal back parting bringing that to the previous so now we're going to be working with a traveling guide here like that that connects into that undercut same thing comb it up to the previous just working with a little bit of elevation so I'm not building up too much of a weight line so the key for me is this elevation right here the head shape is shifting right so because the head shape is shifting over if I were to keep this elevation really low it would get heavier and heavier because of the head so just making sure that as I comb my section diagonal back and I bring this up here my finger I want to check this angle not to be too low but to be straight just like that and that's a basically a 45 degree angle at that point this is 90 out of the head so you can see that that's at about 45 this would be about zero right so just coming out that 45 degree angle is going to help get a nice soft graduation in the cot and we're just continuing around the head now what changes is when we get to this back portion here so what I'm going to do is I'm going to continue through the back bringing it to the previous but now once I start in this next section I'm going to start more of a stationary guide at this point so now because I started to over direct it this gets a little bit heavier so I keep continuing through the back bringing it over to that point and that's just going to start pushing weight into that center crown area the reason I like that is because I like to have a little build up of weight in the crown I don't want to continue through here and just remove all this weight I like having that kind of nice angled feel to the weight distribution just sitting right at the occipital bone right there and remember this is going to get long but we're going to do the same thing on the opposite side so then we'll crisscross and cut it off and after this section I can actually stop because all of this hair will be cut again but you can see how much longer it gets how heavy it gets over here we're pushing that weight that way and we're going to come back around the other side and now biggest difference here is that my fingers are going to be pointing down on the other side they were pointing up this is more for combing purposes to make sure that I'm always combing the hair in the same direction which is towards the face as I work my way through elevation the struggle here with elevation and where a lot of people have issues is because your elbow is now in the air so I'm lifting my elbow up like this and anytime you lift your elbow it wants to fall just naturally so you got to make sure you keep this angle and focus on that elbow even though it doesn't feel as comfortable it's still important to make sure that that's exactly where you're focused throughout this cut so diagonal back comb it towards me lift that elbow up cut along the guide now if I didn't have an undercut I would obviously just continue this cutting all the way down and shift my finger angle to make sure that I was basically 90 degrees out from the head shape all the way down so I would continue through here all the way down and shift my finger angle to the head as I came around but because of the previous undercut it's just making our lives a little bit easier and you also don't want to start the over direction of this corner too early so like as we start bringing everything over I don't want to start that too early because then I'll get too much weight in there I just want a subtle bit of length in this center area so if I started it here I would push too much weight and it would just look funny and look balanced so as I go through and I'm really being aware of when I start that over direction this is coming straight out from the head still until I round that corner so this will just pull this whole section over but that's kind of why I'm creating this build up of weight in the center so you guys can see here how it builds up it's got a little bit of extra weight and then kind of tucks in a little more towards the neck that's that hair this hair here was built by that over direction in the back so pulling everything to this corner on each corner pushed that extra weight into the center all right now I would say the fun part but I think the fun part is going to be the dry cutting part but we're going to take down the top comb it all forward then what I'm going to do is I'm going to create over direction but I want this haircut to flow this way to the right hand corner so because I want that to flow what I'm going to do is I'm going to take diagonal partings on the opposite side that I want it to go right so bring it over here I'll show you this partings so you can see it so it's kind of diagonal back into this corner this is the side we want to flow to this is the side we're going to bring it to so here and you can see kind of this angle instead of it being straight across like this has a little bit more of an angle to it now I'm going to turn like this so you can see that over direction happen so just know this is the front right hand side corner right here and I'm bringing everything back to the back left hand side corner and I'm taking my guide from this point right here so that's where we're going to start our cut it's going to come straight across so now I'm point cutting across because I want to add a little bit of texture to it we're going to do even some more texture in the in the dry portion of this cut as well I'm just continuing these partings across the head taking the partings diagonally and then over directing back to the stationary guide now I am cutting past my second knuckle some of you guys ask about that I'm not worried about tension in this part of the haircut so much and you will see me re combing and kind of working through that's the only reason you shouldn't cut past your second knuckle is because of tension has nothing to do with cutting yourself I have cut my first knuckle many times this is where it's going to get really extreme because if you think about what's happening the head's starting to curve down so not only am I over directing this back just like I did the rest of them but this hair is coming from even further because it's got to go around that round of the head so this will actually fall pretty heavy but that's okay because we're going to go in and cut it dry as well and I want to go in there and texturize it a bunch and customize it so we're not always cutting hair to the length that we want it to be um sometimes we're just pushing weight forward so that we can mess with it later that starts the kind of overall picture of the cut we're going to blow it dry that shouldn't take long short hair I'm going to use invisible wear memory shaper so I'm going to work that in to the style I like using a gel on short hair because if you blow dry your hair like if you don't just put in your wet hair and go it can get crunchy and that's not really what we're going for but if you put it in the hair for the blow dry whether you're a male or female it works really well in controlling the style and adding volume into the hair so just having that memory that you're kind of working through it so that's one of the key things that I really love about using gel and what I'll teach a lot of the guys in the salon is use that product as your base then put your finishing product in once the hair is dry so what I'm going to do to uh to dry the hair because it's a mannequin I'm going to work a little closer to the scalp than I would on a human I'm working my way back and forth I'll do a little bit of leafing kind of lift the hair up that'll give me a little bit of volume but also pull tension on the hair to give me some of that smoothness and the shine as well but I'm just going to work this hair down and then through the top I'm going to work back and forth using the head as kind of a roller working that head shape so that I don't have a part in the hair because my goal is not to have a parting in the hairstyle all right so we'll fire this bad boy up so now I'm going to smooth it the reason I like to iron the the hair before I cut it is just to get it really nice and smooth right now this is not very fun to cut this kind of thicker texture so what I'll do is I'll take she's going to wear it this way so I'll take diagonal partings take out some of the hair just a little bit bring that over to me now I'll brush it but then I hold it with a lot of tension in my hand this is something that I learned a long time ago when you're smoothing hair is to hold that tension nice and tight just like you're going to cut it put the iron up in the hair and then keep that tension as you pass through what that's going to do is allow less passes with the iron so you can do just maybe one two passes and you get a nice smooth result as opposed to working the hair holding in your hand or just kind of going through with the iron like this passing over it now that's hot there's nothing wrong with that but at the same time you can do a lot less passes if you just hold that tension in there and work the iron across now the other thing about ironing hair for for cutting is that you shouldn't have to do too much work at the base because we work that flat wrap technique back and forth through it you shouldn't have to worry about ironing the base to smooth it you should have smoothed that with your brush and blow dryer now we're just working mid shaft to ends and kind of finalizing everything continue moving this over and ironing it this way now I'm going to go back through the opposite way same thing diagonal take some of the hair bring it over to me and iron it through give it a slight bend pretend like I'm kind of following the head shape through it and I'll just keep working my way until I get to the end here and there we go piece of cake let me show you the rotation you can see disconnection under there and disconnection there so this whole front is disconnected we're going to cut some short pieces in here connect them but make them short to long in the front create that texture we already have texture up here I'll do a little bit more point cutting and then we should be good to go on this style so now I'm going to work on a stationary guide again that stationary guide is going to come from this corner and just like I brought everything back to this corner to cut it to make it long over here I'm going to do the same thing bring everything here if you want hair to go from short to long just works in a stationary guide pull everything to one place then it gets longer and longer and longer as you pull it over so here we go coming over to me just like this I'm going to mimic my finger angle with the head shape I've got a guide from the point here you don't have to use that as a guy but I want to connect the back as well now I've got some short pieces starting around the eye so I take another piece and I bring it up over that guideline point cutting it to create texture you can see now all of a sudden we've got this texture happening and we're working our way across the forehead now this will again get a little more extreme because the head's starting to round off here so this last piece is going to come even further than the rest to give me that extra length so don't be afraid of how short you think this is going to get because that last little bit really throws it over the edge literally bring it over it's barely even anything to cut this point so now you've got short to long you can see it coming through just like that you can start to see that texture building now we're going to do some slide cutting grab the wider comb this is a ys park 332 helps me get through dry hair a little bit easier and what I'm going to do is I'm going to comb everything straight down and I'm going to start working by pinching the hair just like this my scissors over top and I'm just going to slide in and create not only some of the links that I want right around the corner of the eye here but also just more texture and take out some of this bulk so stationary guy does create a little bit of bulk depending on the density of the hair so I go through here I just soften it up give it a little more modern effect cool disconnection really really digging it all right now I'm going to go through the top same diagonal back partings but just a little bit of point cutting in just to break it up all right point cut little extra texture up there taking out some density all right so this is invisible wear cloud whip from Paul Mitchell thing I love about this product is that it's a really light cream doesn't have a ton of hold so doing like a finished style with it you can work it in it gives a lot of texture to the hair but it's not really crunchy it's not firm it doesn't like feel like you have a ton of products in your hair so I'll work that into this hairstyle you can see it really like coming to life now matching up with our inspiration let me pull that up actually I thought it was a joke when she put it up there and then it's a cool haircut so so what do you guys think


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. It is here. Finally, team of the season is here in FIFA Ultimate Team. We are ready for all the content that's going to be coming in the next couple of weeks. Honestly, the next month or so, this is going to be a long promotion. And that's one of the things that I think we're going to actually learn today is how long this promotion is going to go. Usually on the first day of the promotion, like today, even if you're watching this video before the promotion actually drops, I would expect us to get some sort of tweet from EA and a web page kind of outlining the promotion on their website. That's what I'm looking forward to today as we head into team of the season most consistent. Now, I want to look at some things on the market and some areas of the market that could move here today just with the panic selling beforehand. If you're watching this video before 6 PM UK, definitely we'll talk about a few panic selling things. And then what could happen after 6 PM UK as well. So there's been a few things that have actually happened tonight. I'm going to actually go look this up on Twitter really quick for you guys. There was the moments version. Foot watch tweeted out tonight, a team of the season moments card. And it was very interesting to say the least because I was not ready for this card design as it loads right now on the PC. I was not ready to see this. This is what it is right here. It's basically the same team of the season design but without the gold bar. So that's the team of the season card design with the gold bar. And this is called the TOTS moments. And if you look at the thread, he actually shows the code inside of it. Now, I thought this was fake actually for a moment because the level's false, big head false. I was like, big head, what is that? So that actually must be part of the code because he is not joking with this. And they're calling this card in the code TOTS moments. More of maybe kind of like a nominee card. Maybe there's going to be some type of flashback TOTS cards. We don't know. It's all speculation right now at this point. But we are going to have multiple different versions of team of the season cards. So that's one thing that we really need to watch out for today. That is the pack outline design as well for foot 19 team of the season. I don't think it looks pretty cool. I'm ready to see the dynamic images and see what is going to become for team of the season. But we need to look at a few things on the market because leading up to team of the season right now, and you're probably watching this video, team of the season has not actually dropped yet. And you've probably heard a lot of people talking about, well, maybe we can buy in the panic sell before 6 PM UK and actually make some coins as people go and buy back their weekendly teams this weekend. I think that is a very, very possible thing that's going to happen today. And I don't want to go too in-depth into that, but I just kind of want to explain a few scenarios that we could see today that might change some of that or make some of that better. Now, obviously, you know that it is a rumor going around that the foot champions, I have not actually seen this to myself, and I honestly don't even know. Yes, it is blank. So you see down here at the bottom of the screen the rewards for this, where it usually says the pack that it gives out. It does not say anything because there should be. And I think people are expecting there to be some type of team of the season reward at the bottom of these in the packs that you get from them. So we're talking like team of the season packs and stuff like that. So there's going to be some extra demand for people this weekend to play a week in league because of the fact that they might have the ability to get some team of the season cards in their foot champions rewards. So that's going to add some demand to our normal Friday. The market didn't rise too much from week in league rewards. It did some. These are some of the week in league flips that I had. But I think the real market movements are what we could see today. If we see a panic sale before 6 PM UK, if you're watching this video before 6 PM, if you see a panic sale going on right now, and I'm talking like pretty hefty size drops in price. I mean, if we're over here looking at some of the, let's look at the team the knockout stage squad, for example, if you're seeing guys like, wow, some of this is already pretty low, but if you're seeing guys like Kiyomin Sun at 400K, if you're seeing Eurice at 120K, if you're seeing a lot of these cards, which are down, but if you see them drop another five to 10%, that's when I would start to get interested because some of these cards, especially some of the really, really rare ones are cards that people are still going to use in their teams, they're still going to be used in FIFA, but people are going to panic sell them because team this season is coming, they want to see what comes out. Now, I also want to talk about a possible second window of panic selling right when team this season actually drops. Now, maybe we're over here on the market, we're looking at a special, the Lala card. I mean, this is a card that a lot of people want to have in their team. He is a good right back, he is the best version, they're probably waiting for his TOTS card, but at this moment in time, he doesn't actually have a TOTS card. So people have to play with this headliner. This would be a card that you would want to pick up in the panic sell. Obviously as a team of the week impacts this week, but if we do get some more content at 6 p.m., let's say they drop just something massive on us at 6 p.m., and that induces another spark of panic onto the market, that's the point that I really want to get at. I don't think I'm going to be buying much or anything before 6 p.m. UK, I'm going to monitor it, and if stuff gets too low, stuff gets too low. We'll be looking through some of these team of the weeks, we'll be looking through team of the week cards, old special cards, even maybe some team of the years, but I'm thinking more in the cheaper range. I don't feel like a lot of people are going to go out and build their end game team today. Some people might, some people might, but I'm going to have a feeling that a lot of people will not, and a lot of people are just going to build a team and spend some of their new found coins they get from opening packs or whatever, under the 500,000 coin range is a more guaranteed profit for flips in that sort of region for some panic selling today, but we really have to see what comes out at 6 p.m. UK because if there's a lot of stuff that comes out today, and obviously some of this might be, you are watching this after the fact, and seeing we didn't get too much today, the market starting to rebound, and stuff like that, that would be interesting to me to watch as well, and that's kind of what I'm hoping for, that we don't get a ton of stuff, maybe we get the promise of some cool stuff that's coming out, but really nothing too major in terms of content coming until the next couple of weeks, and then we see a buyback from Weekend League, so that's really what I want to get you guys' heads wrapped around, that is kind of like a Friday market movement that we could see today, some panic selling before 6 p.m. UK, and then some buyback afterwards as people go and play Weekend League because obviously we are hearing, and we might even figure out at 6 p.m. UK tomorrow that the rewards will have something to do with Team of the Season, and that's gonna cause a greater buyback, but if they put out tons of SBCs tomorrow and promise some crazy, crazy stuff, like maybe they drop a Team of the Week SBC on us right away, that would be something that I would say be careful for and really watch out for that could mess up the market a little bit. I don't know about a Team of the Week SBC, but even a Team of the Season SBC, a guaranteed tots card, that would be something that I think a lot of people would go out and do right away. You would see a market rebound after that as well, but that's gonna be the kind of trading scenario tomorrow. Now, other market movements that we definitely will see, there's gonna be packs opened obviously because this new because the new Team of the Season most consistent is going to be in packs. So take a look at your gold cards tomorrow, getting your 83s, club stocking, your 83s, 84s, 85s, all the way up to 89s. Some of these cards are starting to get pretty cheap in price, you start to see them kind of climb down. It might be time for a club stock. It's better to do it early and to get a good price before more SBCs come out, require these high rated golds and everything like that. So that's one thing to watch tomorrow. Another thing to watch is, and this is gonna be something that not a lot of people are focused in on, watch this Team of the Week because there are still some very, very good cards in here even though Hazard's probably gonna get a team this season here in a week or so, even though Kenny Lala has a higher rated card than this, that card is 70,000 coins more than this version. This card might be something that could take a huge hit tomorrow in a big pack opening spree. Some people will open their saved packs as well, excuse me, today. If this card hits 100K, I mean, you have to absolutely go out and buy that card even though it is in packs, it will 100% rebound because the price difference right now between these two cards is not that much. And if you see this card drop a big chunk tomorrow, you know, during lightning rounds, it could be an opportunity to pick some of them up for a quick flip. I would only do that with the Werner, with the Hazard, maybe the Gomez and the Lala. The other cards I wouldn't really worry about too much just because of the fact that they're not as meta and everything like that. But again, watch the market today for some of these market movements, including special cards being panic sold. And obviously, keep to the ones that are very OP and that people use a lot in their teams, like an Informed Robertson, you know, maybe an Informed Link of its Savage, possibly. And even the Link investments to some of these new team of the season cards, once we see their stats tomorrow, that could be an investment opportunity right away because one thing that people are going to do right away is they're gonna go out and they're gonna try some of these new cards. Now, one person that I can already think of that's probably gonna get a Tots card is Alderwild. He already has a special. He has the Carnival version, I believe. And this card has come down in price some, but it's still kind of high.   Since it is a decent card, you know, 70 pace, he's got good defending. The Tots card will be better.  But then Link investments to cards like that, the cards that people are going to wanna try from this team of the season most consistent is going to be good Link investment opportunities in terms of, hey, I can go out on the market right now. And possibly pick up a deal with some Link investments. So there's gonna be a lot of market movements today. It's gonna be a crazy, crazy fun day on the market. We're gonna learn a lot about team of the season. And that's what I'm most pumped for and looking forward to is just learning what's gonna be coming during this promo. But again, watch the Panic sell in the morning and a possible buyback in the afternoon. A lot of people are thinking about this, but wait until 6 p.m. UK to really see what's coming out before you go and buy anything because there's probably gonna be some saved packs. I mean, I have some saved packs here. My rivals rewards from last night, I have four mega packs. I'm probably gonna open them at some point tomorrow just because the new items are in packs. But then again, watch the gold cards, watch the Informs. And when those gold cards go low, watch the prices of some of these SBCs. If you have not done Vella or if you have not done the PFA Player of the Year, they could get very cheap. They only have two days left in the SBC section. So definitely watch out for these cards because they're gonna be ending soon and with the gold prices dropping a bunch, these are probably already down, but they could go even lower. Same thing if you're looking to do an Antonio Valencia or a Franck Ribéry card. Obviously this one's out for 12 days for a much longer time, but it's an opportunity to possibly get those SBCs done for cheaper this weekend when there are a lot of items out there being packed from the store with lightning rounds and everything like that. If you enjoyed the video, smash the thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions and subscribe to the channel if you're new. It's been Nate, foot of counting. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Did you have challenges with that with your kids? We're like I need to be present. Yeah Absolutely, and a lot of guilt especially as a mom. I was running my business from home We had headquarters, but I would work from home because in my mind then I'm at home with my kids But there was a time that I just realized I'm here, but I'm not here there in the room I'm at the baseball game, but I'm also doing work in my head It was really hard for me to be present and I had to figure out how to change that that meant doing less That's really when it like forced me to delegate a lot more so that I could be present for them I think the the greatest gift you can give your child is your uninterrupted 1,000% your time and it doesn't have to be a long time. It doesn't have to be an hour I'm putting my phone down. This is just your time. We're gonna what do you want to do? Whatever it is they want to do you just sit there without asking them questions without having any Intent other than I just want to be with you. The best thing you can do for your kids is give them confidence Don't do things for them. Tell them they can figure it out


Oh my goodness everybody. I am so excited. I can't believe it. So you know the training is getting a little more serious when you gotta pull the cooler out. That's right. Here's my cooler. I'm gonna get my drinks right. So when you're watching this on Sunday morning, there's a good chance I'm gonna be doing in the middle of my tempo run 15 miles on the Highline Canal in Denver. If you're out there, give me a wave. I'm gonna be pound of ground. But as soon as I'm done, I want to make sure I'm putting the right nutrients back into the body. And I like my drinks to be nice and cold, hence the cooler. So that's what I'm up to now. And yes, we're gonna go later into the studio talk about potentially, potentially, the lightest running vest in the world. All right. Here we go, everyone. So you all probably do this as well. You fill up a water bottle, put it in the free. Don't fill it up all the way. Put it in the freezer. And then you got a nice good chunk of ice for your cooler. So on hydration is set for tomorrow's tempo day. When you're watching this again today, I just got back from my six mile run, 10K, 920 per mile. All right, 545 per kilometer. We're bopping, baby, in the New Balance Beacon V2s. Nice and easy.  That is how I like to train. All right, let's dive into it. The topic for today, have I discovered the lightest running vest in the world, in the entire world? Running vests have exploded really in the last 10 years. I don't remember. Okay, I remember Camelback. That's all I remember when I was in high school or college. It's crazy. Like now I was, so I've been doing research for the past two weeks, trying to find the lightest running vest in the world. And sure enough, I think I found it. In fact, it's hanging right here on the tripod. I'm going to show it to you here in a second. But first, I just want to walk you through. This is my first running vest by Ultimate Direction. This is four years old, I do believe. Love this vest. It's the Anton Kropitschka. I think the Tony Kropitschka original vest, I do believe. And it worked with these hard bottles here. This is what I used on my first Nolan's 14 attempt. And then last summer, I decided to upgrade to a little more nimble raid light vest here, which you have seen me use a ton to carry water, food, but also most importantly, the GoPro and the drone. This is what I use for filming for all of you. So that's from raid light. And as I'm transitioning from ultra running to marathon running, I've been observing a lot more marathon races in the past 12 months, watching them on YouTube or watching them on NBC. And I'm noticing a lot of participants more and more, not everyone, but more and more, I see people wearing vests in a road marathon. So here's a couple points I just want to bring up as to why I think it's not, frankly, a bad idea to consider using a vest in a marathon. So wearing a vest to carry your hydration and your nutrition. So here's just a couple points that I wrote down. First of all, you have consistent hydration that is not mixed. You know, sometimes you can get to an aid station and the drinks can be mixed too thick or maybe not thick enough.  And you can drink consistently, meaning you don't have to drink just at the aid stations. You can drink, you know, maybe every two miles as opposed to every who knows, maybe every four miles, however often the aid stations are are on the marathon course. Let's see, there's no excuse not to fuel well during the race when you have your own vest because it's literally right on you. So in your mind, mentally, you can't fall back on that thought like, Oh my gosh, I'm not doing well because the aid station is, you know, two and a half miles ahead and I'm running out of water, I'm running out of running out of goose. So that's another thought. You can now this is a little, I don't know, this is maybe a little outside the box, but you can run through aid stations and not break your stride. If an aid station is really busy, or maybe an aid station is like, you just don't feel like you need to stop like you feel like you're in a groove, but you know, you should still have some water and like two miles from now, it's on you, it's always with you. So that's another reason that I would consider wearing a vest is you don't break your stride and you just run through the aid stations, but because once again, the nutrition and the hydration is with you. And just another thought is that if you're running a marathon and it's more than three and a half hours, I would, I would consider a vest more so if you're running under three and a half hours, your pace is going to be faster. And so the bouncing of the bottles or the, or yeah, the whatever kind of bottles you're using, like they're going to be bouncing a little bit and it might, it may break your stride down just a little bit to have that water. Usually the water is sitting right on your chest. Sometimes you can use one second. Sometimes you can use a bladder. That's, I actually love using a bladder that sits on your back. But again, you're going to feel a little bit more of that bounce, but you know, it just depends on the paces that you're running. So just wanted to bring those points up. Maybe a couple of concerns for wearing a vest in a marathon. Obviously comfort, in fact, I'll, I'll say that for a second. Comfort, you know, extra weight because you're carrying water on you. And then temperature control. You wouldn't want the vest to be, you know, depending on the design, like this vest is actually pretty warm. I would never wear this vest in a marathon. It's just like, it's, it's not made for marathon, it's made for running in the mountains. Um, so temperature control, you wouldn't want your vest to make you too hot. And now through my research over the past two weeks to discover and find the lightest running vest in the world, in the entire world, I found three others that are comparable in weight, but are not as light as the one that is hanging right here on the tripod that I'm going to show you, I promise in one second. So, and this will, will eliminate some of the companies that you might be thinking in your mind is the lightest vest. All right, here we go. The, actually we'll go from heaviest to lightest. So we'll start with the Camelback Nano vest, which weighs five ounces or 150 grams. Next, the ultimate direction marathon vest, which weighs 4.9 ounces or 141 grams. And last but not least, the lightest that I could find through my research outside of the one that I own, the Solomon S lab sense two, which weighs 3.3 ounces or 95 grand. So eliminate those three companies. Can anybody guess which company in the entire world? And I have discovered everyone there are, I don't want to say hundreds, but there are a ton of running vest companies. I'm going to say at least, I saw at least 50 and some are small companies. Some are big companies. We're talking, there are a ton of companies out there. So this company that has the lightest running vest now in the world that I could find. Okay. And they claim this on their website. So I'm not just pulling this out of nowhere. So if you're going to claim it on your website, it better be true. That's right. It is the Raidlight. Oh, baby, Raidlight Revolutive 3L. Probably not saying that right. It's French. That's right. Raidlight is a company from France. This is their Raidlight Revolutive 3L with the bottles in it. Oh my goodness. I've got some stats to read to you right now. So it's very light. It's an enveloping vest design. It has two zipped side pockets to protect phones, keys, GoPros. Oh yeah. And yes, I haven't tested it yet. I bet you could fit at least if you want to do just gels. I bet you could put seven, maybe eight gels in both of those pockets easily. Or maybe you want some real food in there. It's laser tech, which means the process of cutting the textiles, cutting this material is by laser. Okay. So that's pretty sweet. And real quick, it says on the back here, the radical lightweight race vest is 65 grams for a three liter vest, which translated to ounces. I wrote it down here is 2.3 ounces. Oh my goodness. Everyone, I am amazed. Oh yeah. By the way, it has a one year guarantee for zippers and zippers and seams. So if a zipper breaks or if a seam tears, you get it, you get to send it in and they will replace it for free for one year. That's pretty sweet as well. You better believe I'm going to be using this a ton. In fact, Hey, let's put it on for you here in the studio. You're seeing some old footage, some footage outside the studio of me putting it on. But I wore this today on my six mile run. Now granted, I wasn't racing today, obviously, but it's, it is incredibly lightweight. I would say very comfortable. I love these snaps. Love them. I don't know what you did Raidlight in your design. It's like, they're so simple, so simple. And okay, the first half mile, I noticed the bounce of the bottles. But then after, after three quarters of a mile, maybe one mile, I completely forgot about the bottles bouncing just a little bit. And I had them full. I would never really wear this, this vest in a race full. And I'll just say, I'm not going to be using a vest in the Amsterdam marathon. I would probably very actually 50 K and above. Boom. Oh, I cannot wait to race another 50 K because of this vest. I'm telling you game changer game. The last 50 K I raced, I actually wore this ultimate direction vest, which looking back is a little silly now considering how heavy this is and how on it's just not nimble at all. I'm telling you, everyone, game changer. The gauntlet has been dropped. It has been dropped.   All the companies over in the Alps, get ready. Like I'm telling you, this is the real deal. Now listen, okay, I've only run in it once. I will take it out for a speed test at some point. If the race next week in New Hampshire, the US mountain championships was longer, I would, I would race in this. Absolutely. Now I'm just going to read through a couple more specs real quick here. So made in France, laser cut, monofilament fabric harness, race vest with five pockets. Oh man, two zipped side pockets to protect phones, keys and other valuables, total volume of three liters. Okay. One main pocket of two liters, two front shoulder pockets for hydration. Boom. Oh, here you go. Hold on. Wait for it. Oh, we don't, they're not messing around everyone. I mean, if I was ever to get over into a CCC or a TDS or some, I don't know if I'd use this probably not for UTMB, but look at this. My lekkie trekking poles. Oh, you don't think it can hold it? Boom. Shaka laka. Look at that. How on earth can this vest hold poles as well? Oh my goodness, everybody. And I'm back. Okay. Back to the specs. Twin chest straps. You're seeing me put it on right now. One with a whistle. So, you know, if you get lost out in nature, it has a whistle built onto it. Pretty sweet. Actually, let me test it out for you. Hold on. There you go. There you go. There's the whistle and then supplied with two 600 millilitre easy flasks, also compatible with 350 millilitre flasks. That's a lot of water. There it is in fluid ounces on your screen as well. And then the sizes that it comes in, 66 to 800 centimeters for size small. And that's, I think, I believe the chest medium 76 to 96 centimeters and large is 92 to 115 centimeters. Ladies and gentlemen, a game changer. I don't even know what else to say. I'm probably going to leave it there. Vest is keyword question of the day. How do you hydrate during marathon races or ultra marathon races? Okay. Maybe distinguish down in the comments which distance you're going for. And is it the belt? Is it the handheld? Is it the vest? Is it the aid stations? Is it something else that I'm not thinking of? Okay. You guys are amazing. I love you. I'm excited. I'm stoked. I'm pumped. I just can't believe it. I love the back. It's so nimble. It's so comfortable. I'm ready to go race. I'm ready to go race. All right, everyone, that is it for today. I'm going to throw it back on the right to my last ray light vest vlog from a long time ago, over a year ago. It's kind of funny actually looking back at it. And on the left, I'm going to throw it back to using my ultimate direction vest as well. That is it for today. I love you guys. See you to work hard and love each other. See you tomorrow.


This study compared the accuracy of satellite precipitation products, SPPs, against ground-based measurements in Malaysia. It found that 3B42V7 and Aphrodite had the best overall performance, while GPCP1DD had the worst. The SPPs generally underestimated small and large precipitation events, but did well at detecting precipitation amounts during floods. This suggests that SPPs can be used to estimate precipitation amounts, but further improvements need to be made before they can be widely adapted. This article was authored by Mao Liyong Tan, Ablatif Ibrahim, Zheng Duan, and others.


The President of the United States. Thank you all. Thank you. Please. Thanks very much. I have just come from a session with some of the scientists who are working on superconductivity and now that I'm an authority after 15 or 20 minutes with them I may change my subject. No, I don't think I will. Well, thank you all and welcome to the old Executive Office Building. We have officials here today representing states from Maine to California. And I want to thank you all for taking the time out from your busy schedules to join us. Governor Rohr, ladies and gentlemen, I have to tell you that wherever Americans from different states or whenever get together, I always find myself enjoying the sense of diversity and the different outlooks and different approaches to problems and even different accents. And would you be surprised if I told you that reminded me of a story? Has to do with a farmer from Vermont was talking with a rancher from Texas and just imagine the Texan boasted he'd seen the Vermont farm there he said, I can get my truck in the morning and drive all day and still never get to the other side of my ranch. The farmer from Vermont said, just like that. Well, to all of you here today from Texas I don't mean to tell stories at the expense of your great state. I'll tell you the truth, I'm a little annoyed about what happened the last time I visited Texas. Air Force One landed at the airport. I got off the plane and the Texas Ranger asked me for my passport. But this diversity is important because it's one of our chief strengths in our nation. And from the first our administration has worked to restore federalism to its rightful place at the very heart of our system of government. We shifted certain programs from federal to state management. We reduced a large number of complicated programs involving state and local governments into a much smaller number of block grants. And today we're still working to give greater power and independence to state and local governments. As part of our effort to achieve welfare reform earlier this week I established an interagency low-income opportunity advisory board. And this board will help to coordinate existing waiver authority providing what might be called one-stop shopping for state officials seeking to try local solutions to welfare problems. Earlier this month our task force on regulatory relief, chaired by the Vice President made its recommendations on the use of alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol and compressed natural gas. This may sound like a technical issue but it has dramatic implications for virtually every aspect of American life. You see used correctly these fuels can reduce pollution significantly. And the task force recommendations would allow states to include alternative fuels as a central part of their air quality attainment plans so choose. This would prove crucial in helping a number of states avoid non-attainment sanctions and the imposition of other more costly and intrusive regulatory burdens. Perhaps the most significant step we've taken to return power to state and local governments has been our effort to limit the growth of the central government here in Washington. Now it's true that in the early days many of you face difficulties as we cut back federal financing of some state and local affairs but since then we've seen 55 months of economic expansion inflation and interest rates down the stock and bond markets up over 13 million jobs created and unemployment at the lowest level just about 8 years. From your point of view it's especially important to note that this expansion has put state and local governments in good economic shape it's economic growth more than anything else more than federal grants and programs that is required to keep the finances of state and local governments healthy. Even in the large cities that demand special attention from so many of you a study last year by the Urban Institute concluded that budgets are by and large in good condition. Indeed the study found that as early as the end of 1982 America's major cities were financially better off than they had been at any time during the 1970s. Well as we've limited government here in Washington you and state and local governments have been taking the lead on issue after issue. In Governor Orr's Indiana we've seen merit pay for state employees we've seen the teacher career ladder in Tennessee we've seen job programs in Oregon New Hampshire, Illinois and elsewhere and we've seen tax incentives used to promote economic growth in programs like Pennsylvania's economic revitalization tax credit. At last power has stopped flowing to Washington and begun to flow back where it belongs to you in your state and local governments. In the words of the Christian Science Monitor quote, decentralization of power could be one of the most long lasting effects of the Reagan presidency. I would if I'd ad-lib that instead of quoting that I would let my name out because this brings me to the reason that I asked you here today and that is our economic bill of rights. You see today all the accomplishments of these past six and a half years the economic expansion the shift of power away from Washington and back to state and local governments all of these are threatened for make no mistake there are those in Congress who would impose tax hikes and fatten the federal budget still more weakening the economy and gathering ever greater power to the banks of the Potomac our economic bill of rights would prevent this putting in place constitutional and other changes that would make the accomplishments of these past six and a half years secure for our own time and generations to come more than that the economic bill of rights would affect each of you directly giving you still greater scope for taking the initiative so important to the American people at the state and local level the economic bill of rights itself has ten points and I know that Ken Krib has gone over these in some detail for you but there are two areas in particular that I'd like to draw to your attention first the burden of government shall not be hidden from view the Congress shall require that a financial impact statement accompany each bill specifying the effect on economic growth and employment second there will be truth in federal spending at last Congress will specify how every single new program is to be paid for as I said these two points bear directly upon your work as state and local officials or as I pointed out when I spoke to the national association of counties last week in Indiana in recent years Congress hasn't been satisfied with just spending hundreds of billions of dollars of federal funds Congress has wanted to spend still more money including the funds of state and local governments you all know only too well how it works federal government appropriates millions for this or that program then mandates that your states or local governments participate in the program by spending millions of your own dollars or by complying with certain national standards to avoid the loss of federal funds or whatever the fancy technical explanation what it comes down to is the federal government spending your money for you our proposals would change all that under legislation that we'll submit shortly whenever Congress considered bills that would impose costs on state and local governments a statement of those costs would appear in the bill itself not buried in some obscure committee report still more significant measures would be required to state where it expects needed state and local funds to come from not leave you to try to explain to your constituents why you're forced to raise taxes because of something that happened in Washington these simple measures would force the federal government to stop treating you like bureaucrats whose job it is to do Washington's business and start treating you with a respect that is the simple right of a powerful role in the American way of government isn't it about time that Washington put its own house in order and stopped pushing you around now in closing there's one more thought I'd like to share with you weeks before we've even submitted the legislation the pundits have already begun to say of this economic bill of rights it can never be done well at this point in my career I'm used to a certain amount of skepticism back in 66 when somebody told my old boss Jack Warner that I was running for governor of California he thought for a minute and said no Jimmy steward for governor Ronald Reagan for best friend and then there was our proposal for tax reform and that was supposed to be impossible too the trouble is it made so much sense to the American people that Congress was just forced to go along the headline in the Washington Post the impossible became inevitable well I just have to believe that if we get away from Washington and out to the state and local levels where you live and work that if we ask the American people whether it isn't time at last to do things like pass a balanced budget amendment the American people will say yes my friends there still is a thing called common sense in America you know I can't help it point out to you maybe I don't need to remind you but back before all this great increase in the federal government's power began born of the great depression the total tax dollar in United States federal state and local two thirds of it was for state and local governments and only one third for the federal government that's just about been reversed on the short end of the stick at the state and local level as a matter of fact I remember a president ran for election in 1932 on the platform that he would cut federal spending by 25% that he would restore to states and local communities the authority and autonomy that had been unjustly seized by the federal government well that's our program now didn't seem to work out back then matter of fact it seemed reversed but this is what we believe in federalism that is the great unique thing that gives this country its hold on freedom and everything else we are a sovereign nation I mean we are a nation of sovereign of sovereign states and too many people in Washington over the years have tried to make the states simply administrative districts of the federal government don't you let that happen and we're not going to let it happen as long as we can fight back and get it back to the federalism the way it's supposed to be sooner or later that common sense I mentioned has a way of making itself felt even in Washington for the cause of fiscal reform I think these are very exciting days ahead and again I just want to thank you all for being here and letting me get this off my chest to you and if we all stick together it's going to have to happen in spite of some objection from Capitol Hill so thank you all thank you all very much somebody brought a speech into my desk last night and it was one that I had made in 1964 before I ever thought I would be in public life I was out traveling the mashed potato circuit you know in Hollywood if you don't sing or dance you wind up as an after dinner speaker and I was pretty interested I had kind of forgotten about this in those days I had to prepare my own words that I was going to speak but I saw when I was criticizing the federal government in that speech and one little incident you might enjoy I had found an actual incident of a man in Washington sat at a desk and his job was receiving papers that came from various areas reading them and seeing where they were supposed to go initialing them and sending them on to the property department and agency and then one day he got a paper he did that he sent it on and 24 hours later came back to him it was a classified paper says you weren't supposed to read this erase your initials and initial the erasure we get things like that all stopped one of these days again thank you God bless you all