Hey stampers welcome to another week of watch it weekly Wednesday I'm Aubrey Paxton a part of the stamping Jill creative team and today I'm excited to share with you some fun new Halloween product from the new holiday catalog and This week that I'm sharing with you is the monster bash sweet And it's so cute has fun paper and a stamp set and dies and it is just a really fun one to play with So I wanted to show that to you. I'm gonna start with this awesome paper because I think it's so cute Here are the sheets. So it's 12 by 12 paper double-sided And you can see this this side has more of the design elements This one is probably one of my very favorite sheets that has these cute little frames with the different monsters in it And then on the other side is more Just like a big design all over and they're cute like for example. This one is so cute. It's different recipes, but it's like Powdered vampire very salty. Like it's like cute different Halloweeny recipes. So it's really fun. I've had fun playing with this paper So the stamp set that goes with this sweet is the spooktacular Bash, which is super cute again. It has these little monsters in their frames and some cute little Jars with the different things in it. And it's just a cute and fun one One of the other things I love is that is the framelets that go with this the ornate frames here Let me pull in this so you can see them a little bit better You can see how pretty they are. These are awesome for halloween But I feel like you could use them with anything. They're so cute. There's tons of different sizes These ornate ones are really awesome and they cut out really well. They're really fun for this suite I think the biggest surprise and fun thing in this suite that when I saw it I was excited about were the little mini coffins that come Let me show you these there. It's called a coffin treat box. So it comes there's 10 in the package And so you get a top and a bottom and the cool thing about these you guys is that they're already Like die cut for you. So you don't have to have a die to cut these out. They come Pre-cut and scored. So all you have to do is fold on the lines the score lines and then Put adhesive on them and put it together. They are So cute So much fun So I have played with these a little bit. I've come up with some different projects some different ways to Add some different texture to them and to make them really fun. So that's what I wanted to show you today So I'll bring those in the finished Coffin treat boxes that I've done. So I will start here with this one as you can see I Cut one of these little frames out of the paper Now the cool thing about this paper is that you can cut all of these little individual frames and use them on a card or on a 3d gift item or something like that. I I thought they were really cute on these little coffins Some of the dies Will fit to cut out some of the images But not all but they aren't difficult to just take your snips and to cut out They are so cute and so much fun So I just cut the little vampire out and used the ornate frames Dice and then I took this stylish scroll embossing folder that also comes in the suite And I just embossed that that lid of the Um of the coffin and then I took you guys. This is so much fun And this is in the holiday catalog too Some metallic ink. This is the celestial copper metallic ink and I just sponge some of that Um pretty metallic color on there just to give it a little more And I put it all together and I thought it turned out so cute and then on the inside I have to show you I put some shreddies But I used some of the ribbon that's in the holiday catalog and I lined I like as a coffin liner doesn't that look just like A vampire's coffin I thought it was so cute and so fun. These are So fun to play with So that's one of them I'll show you this next one. I again, I cut out Um the mummy little monster from that fun paper So glad we're such ghoul friends and on this one all I did was took a sponge and just sponged the coffin With some of that copper metallic ink pad Again, and I did it all over the coffin so you can see So that adds just some really fun texture too. I also use this fun new ribbon that comes in the suite It's a new pretty black scalloped ribbon. That's fun All right next on this one I used the embossing paste you can see and with these new decorative masks I thought it looked so cute and halloweeny so so fun And again, I put it says open if you dare And I put some shreddies in there. I thought that added such a cute touch to it so Make sure to get your embossing paste out again It's been a while since I've used that but that was really fun to play with too And then if you don't have embossing paste you can also use the matte the mask just Um with the ink right on the box So I used the gold metallic ink The golden glitz is what it's called Metallic ink on that one and I just kind of sponged all over it. So cute.  I have loved playing with this monster bash suite. It's been so much fun If you're interested in making any purchases, make sure you visit us at stampinjill.com Um, if you have any questions, let us know. Thanks so much for watching. We'll see you next week for a watch weekly Wednesday


Hello, in this lecture we will define leasehold improvements. According to fundamental accounting principles, while the 22nd edition, the definition of leasehold improvements is alterations or improvements to leased property such as partitions and storefronts. So when we're thinking about leasehold improvements, we're thinking about the leased property, meaning we have two parties involved here, the lease or the person leasing the property, the leasy, the person who has leasing the property, meaning the person who is having use of the property, although not ultimate ownership of the property. For example, if we had a piece of property here that was then leased, there could be alterations to this property that could be under the category of leasehold improvements, possibly a storefront altering the property, putting partitions in that property in order to make it ready for business usage. It's important to note when we think about the leasehold improvements that the leasehold improvements are going to be made, and the use of those leasehold improvements will be available to the leasy, the person using the property, not the owner of the property. At the end of the lease term, however, those leasehold improvements generally revert back to the lease or.


My name is Brian Edwards. I'm with Los Alamos National Laboratory. And I guess one of you asked a few minutes ago what happened to the markets for malware presentation that I think is on your schedule. It just evolved into measuring and integrating the shadow economy, a sector-specific approach. As an economist, we are often involved in doing impact analyses. We certainly do a lot of it at Los Alamos we analyze the impacts of hurricanes and other kinds of catastrophic events on regional economies as well as, and we also look at impacts on critical infrastructure. We got interested in the unofficial economy or the shadow economy. There's lots of different names for it because there are our own economy but also the economies of other countries that have small, or ranging from small to significant parts of their economies that are unofficial. So I wanted to, we started thinking about ways of looking at this from an economic perspective. So I'm gonna talk today a little bit about the scope of shadow economic activity and look at some comparisons of the shadow economies in the US and other countries, why they exist and then what we're really beginning and what you're seeing here is some very preliminary work on taking a slightly different or actually a pretty different view of the shadow economy with respect to the rest of the economy as a whole. Traditional views of the shadow economy have been what economists would call macroeconomic. They basically said, well, the shadow economy in Belarusia is about 30 or 40% of the GDP of the gross domestic product of Belarusia. In the United States, it might be eight to 10% of the economy of the United States and one of the tables that I'll be showing you in a few minutes will show some of the international comparisons. This is a table that is adapted from a Journal of Economic Literature review article that you can get on the web. I hope you can hear me okay, I'm sort of bouncing back and forth between this microphone and so if I'm not doing that right, let me know. And this was kind of a taxonomy of shadow economic activity. And a lot of the shadow economic activity that people talk about is the usual suspects, gambling, prostitution, illegal drugs, trade and stolen goods and so forth and so on. And there's kind of an interesting anecdote, at least to me, this article was published in the year 2000 and I actually had to add, and if you go to the top left cell of this where we have monetary transactions and illegal activities, that italicized piece is something I added because in the year 2000, people really didn't, you know, hacking and, you know, the shadow information sector activities that people talk about now was not something that was really, I guess, significant enough at that time to be included. But again, I'm quite new to this area so I really don't know when it started becoming more significant. But anyway, in any case, this is sort of a taxonomy that's in that Journal of Economic Literature article. If any of you have access to JSTOR or if you could get your hands on this article, it's quite interesting and it gives you a pretty good overview of how economists look at illegal activities. As far as measuring the shadow economy or the unofficial economy or underground economy, however you wanna put it, most of the studies, as I said a little while ago, have been in the macroeconomic, have taken a macroeconomic point of view. They have just looked at, well, we think it's about 20% of GDP or 10% of GDP and so forth. And we've really had little attempts, very few attempts to try and measure it in more of a microeconomic sense. Microeconomic, I mean, in terms of looking at individual sectors of the economy, industries of the economy, that will have unofficial subparts. And so what we're looking at here is the beginnings of some work that might look at a shadow agricultural sector or a shadow manufacturing sector or a shadow information sector, which is what I'm focusing on today, that would accompany the economic, the activities of the official versions of these sectors. And here are just some shadow economy in the US. I think I've already mentioned that about 8% to 10% of US GDP is considered unofficial. But the evidence that we have on this is largely anecdotal. The official measuring that they do in the federal government captures some of the unofficial activity, but it doesn't really capture all of it. And as far as international comparisons are concerned, we have some pretty wide variances across countries. Thailand, Nigeria, Egypt are estimated to be about 70% of their respective gross domestic products. Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru were 40 to 60. And Philippines, Sri Lanka, and so forth, some of these other countries are a little smaller. And I don't know if you can read this, I hope you can, but this is, again, adapted from that Journal of Economic Literature article, they're basically giving you a sense of the ranges of the sizes of the shadow economies in these different countries. Japan, United States, Austria, Switzerland, relatively small, Nigeria, Egypt, at the other hand, relatively large. There's been a lot of economic interest by economists in illegal activities. Going back to the work by Gary Becker, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in the mid to late 1980s, I believe, the idea is that people engage in shadow economic or illegal activities because of incentives. And the incentives can be anything from just monetary incentives. And it can also be affected by the institutional regulatory environment that people live.  And in the former Soviet Union days, most goods and services that were available had two prices. There was an official price, and then there was an, that was in rubles, and then there was the unofficial price that was also in rubles, but it was a lot more rubles. But there's lots of incentive areas of, where the incentives to engage in shadow economic activity can exist. And some of the incentive areas that we've been interested in have been the burden of taxes and social insurance contributions, the intensity of regulation, social transfers, labor market regulation as well, and public sector services. And some of these incentives issues, for example, the burden of taxes and social insurance contributions, if workers and employers are required to pay taxes and make contributions to social insurance, there may be cases where they may consider this too costly and so people are gonna be paid under the table. And so this, so you know, so that activity is automatically gonna go from being official to unofficial. There's a fellow by the name of Louisa who estimated the size of shadow economies in 14 Latin American countries and found that the greater tax burdens and labor market restrictions increase the size of the shadow economies of those countries. So there's just a fairly natural response to the incentives that are created by the country's regulatory makeup. And it also applies to the intensity of regulation where the increased regulation reduces individuals' choices in the official economy. And so they're gonna want goods and services. If they're not available officially, they will try and go outside and get them. And suppliers will do the same thing. They will find ways to supply these, albeit illegally. And shifting regulatory costs to employees provides incentives for workers to supply labor to the shadow economy, another finding. As far as social transfers are concerned, a social transfer is basically any kind of transfer payment from the government to someone else. Social welfare systems can increase tax rates, reducing incentives to work in the official economy. And the system can also provide disincentives for individuals receiving welfare payments to work in the official economy. If it's more costly to do something, less people are gonna do it. If it's less costly to do something, more people are probably gonna do it. So that's what you learn when you get a PhD in economics. My father used to tell me, all you ever need to know about economics is buy low and sell high. And I think he was probably right, but who knows? Labor market regulation, overregulation on labor costs in the official labor market are driving forces for the shadow economy, according to Schneider and Ensti. Again, I'm giving you kind of a quick rundown of some of the literature on this. Force reduction working hours can often encourage shadow economic activity. I know that in France, for example, they've been going back and forth on number of hours restrictions. And the idea is if people can only work 35 hours a week, for example, then there's gonna be more people that are gonna be employed. Well, there may or may not be, but there's probably also going to be more people employed in the shadow economy as well. And public sector services, again, if there's also a feedback effect that we talk about here, if an increase in shadow economy decreases government revenues because now you're doing stuff that's under the table, this can reduce the quantity and quality of public services which can then lead to higher taxes. And so there can be a negative feedback that occur under those circumstances. As I've said before, people accuse me of being very repetitive in my presentations and I'm probably just as guilty today as I've always been in the past. The previous work that attempts to link shadow and official economy economic activity have been macroeconomic. There's a Houston who developed business cycle model. Business cycles is an analysis of the ebb and flow of macroeconomic activity. Okay, 10 minutes, thank you. Adam and Ginsburg focus on the implications of the shadow economy on official growth. So there's been analyses that have been done that have tried to say, well, okay, we have this official economic activity that it takes place. What effect does that have on official economic activity? Now, as I said at the beginning, what we're attempting to do here is look at shadow economic activity in terms of specific sectors and how those specific sectors integrate with the rest of the economy. And again, we could have looked at agricultural underground activity, marijuana growing I suppose would be an example of that. And we could talk about illegal services, prostitution, gambling, at least outside of the state of Nevada and other kinds of activities that take place in different sectors, chemical manufacturing and illegal drugs, for example. But what I'm focusing on today is the information sector, what the National Income Accounting System refers to as the telecommunications, data processing, data services sector of the economy. And the kinds of economic activities that we're talking about are basically computer system hacking, trading stolen information, identity theft, spamming, and other activities. And I'm sure there's lots more of them and I'm sure any one of you could give me a much more thorough rundown of what those activities are. And what I wanted to look at was what are called input-output models. And what an input-output model is, and I don't know how familiar you are with these kinds of models and economics, it's basically looking at the economy from the point of view of different industries that purchase outputs from other industries in order to produce whatever goods and services they produce. So when an automobile manufacturer manufactures a car, they are purchasing commodities and raw materials from other industries. They may purchase the tires that go onto the car from another part of the manufacturing sector. And it's very common for years the US economy has been looked at from this perspective. And what I'm giving you, what I want to start with is a very simplified three sector official US economy where I've taken the all 20 some odd sectors of the economy and I've aggregated them up into three sectors. And I'm gonna be looking at manufacturing services and others, so we're just gonna have an economy that where we've left manufacturing alone, we've left services alone, and then we've taken everything else, ag construction, utilities, and so forth and so on, and we've just aggregated that into one big other category just for purposes of keeping things simple and manageable. And based on 2002 data, where we have a GDP of approximately $10.7 trillion, we have an economy that looks something like that. And these are a little strange to read, but basically if you were gonna read across the manufacturing row, the manufacturing to manufacturing cell is basically telling you that about $1.3 trillion of manufacturing output was purchased by the manufacturing sector. And about $1.018 trillion of manufacturing output was purchased by the services in other sectors, the services in other sectors then turns around and makes goods and services with those inputs. And then if you were gonna stay in the services in other column, for example, that would be just telling you what outputs from services in other and information that they were purchasing from those sectors in order to produce those outputs. If you take the first three columns and sum them up, you get the total intermediate use, that's the total intermediate input purchases that they buy from these industries. And that along with what we call final uses, which is GDP, if you ever took a macroeconomics principles class in college and they said, well, GDP is consumption investment plus government spending, got you, plus net exports, that $1.392.6 trillion is what that number is, but that's not really the total output of the economy. The total output actually includes all of those, all that intermediate production that took place as well. So when you add those, what, fourth and fifth columns and you get the total commodity output of 3.8 trillion, that's really the number that we look at. Anyway, so, and that is basically just an input output representation of a hypothetical, or it's not really a hypothetical economy, it's the actual economy, it's just a very highly aggregated version of the economy, at least as far as the services in other sectors are concerned. Now we're gonna consider an economy with an added shadow information sector and we decided to look at one or 3% of the official information sector output as sort of an estimate of how big the shadow information sector is. And we did that because there's an OECD organization of economic cooperation and development report measuring the non-observed economy that got about, that estimated the size of the information sector in the United States to be about 1% to 3% of the official information sector. So it's pretty small, okay. And we basically created a shadow information sector which is now that fourth column. There's an official information sector which is the same as before. But now if you add that fourth column, we basically added a little bit more and we've added those inner industry purchases. In other words, the shadow information activity is gonna take place, but shadow economic activity, even though it may be illegal, okay. They're also engaging and interacting with other official sectors of the economy, okay. And that's one of the things that we're really trying to pick up is if we wanna model this, we don't wanna just look at the aggregate, we wanna see how it's interacting with other industries. And then we basically go through the same, and again, these are very, very preliminary estimates of how big it is, but the GDP is gonna be slightly larger now because we're now measuring economic activity that we weren't measuring before, okay. Let me go back to that. And so that's what our, this is, again, a very, very rough preliminary estimate of what this total economy would be with the shadow economic activity added. And then we discussed the 1% case. GDP is slightly higher. And we show only the addition of a shadow information sector. Other shadow sectors could easily be added, ag, and so forth. We don't really get into the issue of burdens that are imposed, but we know that there's additional economic activity that's taking place as a result of shadow economic activity. Peter Norton, I think, probably owes his existence to the shadow economy. And we're not really talking about additional burdens that this activity imposes. And I'm not being judgmental at all about this. I'm just looking at it very coldly and crudely as an economist. And the other thing, though, is that if spending my additional firms take place, and this is another area where we'd have to fine-tune our estimates a little bit more, if firms in the official economy are engaging in other kinds of activities, spending additional money to protect their networks, or if I, as a consumer, have to go out and buy anti-spamming software or something like that to protect me from spammers, then that has a negative impact on me and it also has an impact on the expenditures that are undertaken by these other firms. So if you went back to this table, there would be an additional activity throughout all the cells of this table that would reflect that. And I'm getting down to about a minute, I think. The discussion with the 3% case is roughly the same. We've also got some very, very rough estimates of employment in the hacker economy, something on the order of about 3 million people. I'm sorry, the information sector having about 3 million people. And if we apply this 1% estimate, we get about 34,000 people involved in this underground economy nationwide. And the higher end estimate would multiply that number by three. And some summary conclusions, as far as summaries and conclusions are concerned, it's very hard to get information about this sector, so really getting reliable estimates of how this would work, of what these numbers are, is likewise difficult. This sector of the economy is always in a state of flux. And so I think we may just, just by the nature of the beast, be stuck with just, okay, I've been given the skull and crossbones, which means that I have to be quiet. But anyway, I'll be over in 106. If you have any questions, I'd be more than happy to answer them. And thank you very much for your time. And I know that this is probably a very strange topic for this convention, but I thank you very much for having me. And thank you.


Hey there friends, thanks for checking in. I have to start by telling you that there's a lot of fraud going on there are people who are using my email address posing as me contacting companies promising Reviews companies sending out products and then a couple weeks later.  I had no idea what they're talking about They are getting frauded by people who are posing as me and I'm sure it happens with many other people who make videos I have others that are stealing my videos and Using them like I just checked this one person 59 of my videos. They took and are using Daily so I'm having them removed and right when that's happening others are being uploaded So I'm just continuously trying to work through this fraud I had no idea that this would ever be a thing with a YouTube channel But it is and it's alive and well Putting that aside Cheaper than dirt is added again now before I get into this I have to tell you that many companies that make the bulk of their profit from ammo is probably hurting right now they're not getting the product in from the ammunition manufacturers and They're not able to turn over ammo and make profits, but cheaper than dirt is amongst the worst They are not cheaper, but they are dirt because they don't care about the second amendment people They don't care about anything other than their profits now. I have people tell me yeah, you don't understand economics You don't understand what it takes to make a profit. Well, I don't understand much. I will grant you that But I do understand economics. I own two businesses and have a full-time job I think I know what I'm talking about when I say that cheaper than dirt is a horrible company Actually, I've had a couple people contact me on two separate occasions And let me know that they worked for cheaper than dirt. It's a toxic environment The owners are profit driven. They could care less about the second amendment They could care less about the products they sell they only want the profits and it's a high stress Work environment and they said they hated it and when they left that job They felt this weight off of their shoulders because of the amount of pressure that they put on their employees So they're not getting the profits because the ammunition manufacturers aren't pumping out ammo They're not sending it out to the distributors. And so what do they do? They raised the prices on their other products to offset that difference now. What does cheaper than dirt do? Viewer, just let me know this today. I looked it up. I was shocked a lot of people love the G2C This is the G3C. They want to get their hands on it. It offers some upgrades from the G2C What is cheaper in dirt cell for this product here? $780 and 48 cents for the G3C the MSRP 305 To give you an idea of what their scam is, you know, they figure it's a hot item.    Most people wouldn't do that How about a CZ Scorpion Evo 3 micro? It's a great firearm. Nobody's doubting that $3,008 and 10 cents for that. Here's another example. Now. I love the CMMG Banshee All right, I rave about the Banshee They are selling a Banshee in 9 millimeter $4,721 and 45 cents Can you believe this company and there are many more I could have gone on and on But I don't want to bore you to death with all of these guns that they're trying to rip people off with now Granite you may get the gun But then what are you gonna do? You're gonna need ammo. So what are they doing with ammo prices? They are skyrocketing now a lot of people get back with me and say well, they're skyrocketing everywhere I know that of course they are it's You know something I'm not I already mentioned that I already talked about that but that that's a fact But cheaper than dirt is the worst 250 rounds of 223 $399 and 89 cents 250 rounds so now you're looking at Shipping of $15. That's reasonable $15 shipping. You're looking at $1 66 a round So to load up your 30-round magazine. You're looking at 49 dollars and 80 cents to shoot 30 rounds of 223 and they have the same ripoff prices with 556 so that's what's going on there. I would say If you can in terms of ammo and guns, I would wait it out, you know, I'm waiting it out I'm doing what I need to do. I have a supply that took years to build up and I am continuing to buy when you know The opportunity presents itself But I would not jump into this and hit the panic button Because some dirt ball company like cheaper than dirt is trying to rip you off Because we had the same thing in 2012 when people made huge regrets over the amount they paid for guns and ammo Only to watch them drop down and cost After so long now, we don't know when that's going to happen But eventually it will happen and I just don't want you to get Ripped off the way these companies are getting ripped off by other people opposing that they are me If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


I was one of a number of journalists at the time who were posted overseas to get publicity for Australia and hopefully to attract migrants to join the large numbers who'd come in the large-scale integration program since the Second World War. And being in Greece, I had the additional handicap of working within the parameters of a military junta. The colonels, George Papadopoulos and Co, were in power and naturally they discouraged emigration because it could become a measure of their popularity. So we had to find any means of publicising Australia and a mention of Australia in the press was counted as a score of loss. It's a wonderfully warm human interest story that is timeless. But to understand how it came to be made, we have to go back to 1972 and find that Arthur Frelingus, then-72 himself, was coming back to Greece, to the island of Kithara to meet his sister for the first time. We came to Kithara a week after Arthur had actually arrived and because the ferry date only came in once a week, we had to hire a fishing boat, which we'll see in a little while. First of all, we had to go up on the mountainside and capture a goat, shove it in the boot of the island's only taxi that we commandeered getting around the island and pass it over to the chef of the feast the next day. This feast was quite remarkable and then a wonderful thing happened. A very old woman started to sing just spontaneously and she was singing songs about the island of Aphrodite, which is Kithara. A lot of people from Kithara and other parts of Greece spent half the year in Australia and half the year back home that we had a woman and her husband from Paramathe who had the only private car on the island that seemed following us everywhere and getting in every shot. Mysteriously, someone knew the Deputy Prime Minister Catechos and that enabled us to put this film on as the lead-in to the opening ceremony of the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. So I would say just about everyone in Greece saw this film and it went to air. I saw it with a group of about 20 Greeks and I was quite moved myself to find at the end the film they were all crying.


And Bradford City. After Swindon's late win at Coventry, Peterborough are four points clear in the final playoff place as they face Bradford. Reach felled, the man with the free kick. And what a beauty! Adam Reach, midway inside the first half, with a high quality set-piece. And Bradford lead. Devita crossing in again. It's half cleared. Drury can pick this up. Forces the save from day away. And Reach is on the run and looking impressive. And Brisbane has caught him. And Brisbane has only just been booked. And the referee brings out the second yellow. And Peterborough down to 10 before half-time. There's a somber longer. The slip has given him space. Washington wants it squared. Won't reach him. And in a frantic old scramble, McLaughlin is able to fall on it and preserve Bradford's lead. There's McLean. Knocked down really well to Reach looking for a second. It's worked for 10-man Jones. Now McLean, can he cap it off against his old club? Reach is cross! Good header! And Day able to save. This is Jones. Again, Reach free. McLean wants the cross played into the near post. Back post wasn't a bad option. Pull back for Hanson. And blocked on the line. Cosy and Clay. So Bradford celebrates success against the 10-man. And Peterborough aren't quite secure in sick. And they're the clear favourites to take the final play-off place. One-nil to the batters.


Okay, let's go ahead and attempt to balance this redox chemical equation here. So, remember the first thing you want to do with these redox equations is to split them up into their reduction and oxidation half reactions. And it's good to, of course, label those things as reduction and oxidation just to know what you know what you're talking about. So, remember, oxidation, one of the definitions that we talked about was to like get more oxygen on you. So that would, in turn, you could remember that and say, well then, that means if I'm getting reduced that I'm getting less oxygens on me. Okay, so just think about that. So if I look at the two half reactions here, let's split them up. That should be kind of obvious for you by now, right? So there's the chromium one and the iodine one. So let's break those two up. So, of course, the other one would be, let's actually write it down a little bit low. Okay, so let's label one of these as reduction and the other one as oxidation. So remember what I said, if you're getting more oxygens on you, that means you're being reduced. So that means that if I'm getting less oxygens on, or oxidized, if I'm getting less oxygens on me, I'm getting reduced, right? So if I look at this guy, chromium, he's getting less oxygens on him, so he's being reduced, okay? So this is the reduction and that would mean this is the oxidation. So the next thing we want to do is balance, well, first off, we want to balance the non-oxygen atoms, okay? So here we see that we've got two chromiums and over here we've only got one, so we're going to have to put a two here. And here we've got all these oxygens, right? So O7 and here we've got zero oxygens. So whenever that happens, we're going to have to add the oxygens in the form of water, okay? So H2O, H2O liquid like that, and we say, well, there's seven oxygens here and there's only one oxygen and water, so there must be seven waters that have been formed. Does that make sense? That makes sense, okay? So now when we look at this, right, we've got two hydrogens times seven, but we've got no hydrogens over here. So there's 14 over there, none over here. Over here we've got an atom by adding protons, right? So there's going to be 14 protons over here. So are you cool up today? Okay, good. So now we want to think about the charge differential, right? So on this side, you see we've got plus three times two. So overall, this side has a plus six, okay? So over here I see, well, I've got one times 14, so that's plus 14 minus two. So that would be what? Twelve. Twelve, right? So plus 12. And remember, whenever you're doing this charge, like balancing, you can only add electrons. So electrons are negatively charged, right? So you're going to have to add them to the one that has the more positive charge. So that, in this case, yeah, would be the reactants, yeah? So we're going to add, remember, electrons are one negative, so we want to get to plus six. We're going to add six electrons. Okay, so now if you're not sure, you want to make sure that it's balanced, but it is, okay? So I'm going to rewrite that this is the reduction half reaction. Okay, so you're cool with that one? So let's do the other one, the oxidation half reaction. So again, first thing you want to do is balance the non-oxygen atoms. So two to two, and then, well, we didn't have to add any oxygen to either side, right? So we don't have to do all that balancing stuff. But the one thing we should see is that we've got two negative on this side. So minus two on this side and a zero on this side. So remember, the only thing we can add is negative charges. So to the products, right? We're going to add two electrons. Okay, so hopefully you see that everything's balanced. If you don't, go ahead and recheck yourself. Okay, so now the thing you probably have noticed is that the number of electrons is different between the two half reactions. So what we're going to do is balance those electrons, okay? So in order to do that, we're going to have to find some sort of common factor. And of course, six and two, we can multiply this thing by three. So in order to do that, we're going to have to multiply everything by three. So it's just like an algebraic equation. So in these six I minus aqueous goes to three I two solid plus six electrons like that. And then remember, well, what are we doing? We're adding these two things up. And in order to do that, we want to make sure the electrons that are transferred are the same on both sides. So we see that this has six, that has six, so we're just going to cancel those things out. So we're going to have the added overall reaction. I'm going to write it here in the middle, okay? So that would be the overall balanced reaction equation here. So in order to do that, you do aqueous. So that's all the reactants here that aren't crossed out.  So that's all the reactants from the reduction and the oxidation half reaction. So two CR three plus aqueous. And now we're onto the product plus seven water plus three I two, okay? So the overall balanced reaction equation. And you can see that this reaction would occur in an acidic solution because there's protons in there and you see that, okay? So yeah, so that's the overall balanced equation. So you think you can do that on your own then? Okay, wonderful.


One of Dr. Brown's main arguments is that the Messiah, according to the Jewish scriptures, the Messiah must put in an appearance before the destruction of the Second Temple.  In this presentation, I will focus on two of the prophecies that Dr. Brown uses to establish his position. He points to the book of Malachi, chapter 3, and he tells us that that prophecy tells us that the Messiah must put in an appearance before the destruction of the Second Temple. Well, what does Malachi actually say? Malachi describes this appearance, and this is what he tells us. He describes a messenger of God coming and refining the children of Levi, and then he says, he will refine them like gold and silver, and they will be for the Lord, presenters of offerings and righteousness. Then the offerings of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord as in the days of old and in previous years. In other words, this messenger, whoever he may be and whenever he may come, his mission will be to take the Levitical Priesthood and purify it and restore it to its former glory. It doesn't say it's going to bring something better and more, something that we never had, but rather it's going to be like in days of old, to its former glory. We're talking about the Levitical Priesthood. Do you know what Dr. Brown tells us about the Levitical Priesthood? Dr. Brown tells us about the Levitical Priesthood, that it's weak and useless. In other words, the advent of Jesus according to Dr. Brown is something which shunted, which pushed the Levitical Priesthood aside to claim fulfillment of this prophecy and repudiate the Levitical Priesthood at the same time as making a mockery of God's Word. Another prophecy that Dr. Brown points to is the prophecy in Haggai chapter 2. Again, I encourage you to read the prophecy. It speaks about God filling the temple with glory and the glory of this house, the latter, will be greater than the former. It's speaking about the glory of the temple. Do you know what Dr. Brown tells us about the temple? Dr. Brown tells us about the temple is that the loss of the temple gave the disciples of Jesus strength rather than weakness. They came into a richer spiritual experience without the temple. In other words, the advent of Jesus is a repudiation of the temple. It's a repudiation of the temple and what the temple stands for. Again, how could you claim to be a fulfillment of this prophecy and repudiate and denigrate the temple at the same time? Again, a mockery of God's Word. Throughout his presentation of the Messianic prophecies, Dr. Brown minimizes the Messiah's association with temple. That's like trying to disassociate Michael Jordan from basketball or Wayne Gretzky from hockey. What do the prophets tell us about the Messiah? There are six prophecies in Scripture which liken the Messiah to King David. Just to give you the references, Jeremiah chapter 30 verse 9, Ezekiel chapter 34 verses 23 and 24, Ezekiel chapter 37 verses 24 and 35, and the yearning for the Messiah is described by Hosea in chapter 3 verse 5 as a yearning for King David. What do we know about King David? Did King David have anything to do with the building of the temple? Well, I suggest you look into 2 Samuel chapter 7 verse 13. We see the building of the temple and establishing of the Davidic kingdom are intertwined in the same verse. First King chapters 8 verse 16 and verse 66. We see again how the Davidic kingdom is intertwined with the choice of David. There's lengthy passages in the first book of Chronicles where David establishes the foundations and prepares, makes all the preparations for the temple. Psalm chapter 78 verses 68 and 69, again the choice of David and the choice of Zion and the temple are intertwined one and the same. Psalm 132, King David describes his yearning for the establishment of the temple. King David is a temple builder, that's what he is. To say that King David is a vicarious atonement and not a temple builder is again another mockery of God's word. But King David didn't only establish a physical temple. He established a spiritual temple and the physical temple and the spiritual temple are not two different things. They are one and the same. The main contribution that King David brought to the table, brought to the Jewish nation, was not the physical building of the temple. It was the book of Psalms. From all the people in the Bible, from all the characters in the Bible, David's heart is the most open. In his Psalms, he expresses his love and devotion to God and he draws all of Israel's love and devotion to God. We say, David, King of Israel is alive and exists. He is still our King now. He is our Messiah today. He still leads us in submission to God through his songs. The prophets taught us that humanity, the greatest success that humanity will ever achieve is when they recognize their complete and total poverty before God. And that is the joy of humanity. That's the utopian picture that the prophets have of the future, the glorious future of mankind. The real Messiah is someone who leads, he doesn't stand in front of mankind diverting attention to himself. He stands together with mankind facing God, leading mankind in submission to God. The real Messiah does not seek people's worship and devotion. Rather, the real Messiah teaches that people's hearts already belong completely and totally to God. The real Messiah will teach people about the all-powerful God and the all-encompassing power of God and he will not teach people that God cannot forgive your sins without his services. The real Messiah will speak the praises of God with joy, enthusiasm. He will sing the praises of God. He will overflow with praise of God. He will not speak about his own praises. The real Messiah will emphasize and highlight his own utter helplessness before God, his own poverty before God setting the example for all of humanity. He won't veil, obfuscate his own helplessness before God with claims to divinity. And the real Messiah will be pained when he sees a heart that's not devoted to God. He will not rage when people don't recognize the need for his personal services. The real Messiah is a servant of God in the true sense of the word. And if you want a picture of the real Messiah, open the book of Psalms, look at David's heart and that's what you'll see. And that's where you'll find the spiritual temple, which is one and the same. The physical temple is just an expression of that spiritual temple that David planted in the hearts of Israel. And when that plant will come to fruition, will merit David's descendant, the real Messiah, will just pick up the song where David's ancestor left off and we will see that physical temple that David yearns so strongly to see. We will see God's glory established in that physical temple. May it happen speedily in our days.


Okay, hi everybody. This is a Hopefully a short relatively short tutorial on how to make a character that can jump up and down I want to talk about that. It's a little bit physics based and there's a couple really kind of key gotchas You got to be careful of so let me show you what I've got so far I'm using the turtle module. This is Python 3 and what I've done is I've created a line and I've called this line ground level and I've got my character here It's just a little green square and this green square is going to jump when I press the space bar But of course it's doing nothing right now So I'm gonna go through the basics of the code and I'm assuming that if you're watching this tutorial You've seen some of my other tutorials and you kind of know the basics of what I'm doing here So I'm using the turtle module and then I've set up my screen. I've given it a title I've set a background color in this case. I set the dimensions of the screen So 320 pixels high by 800 pixels wide And this wind tracer this actually shuts off screen updates and Then down here the counterpart is when update and it updates it when I choose So I've created a variable called ground level notice that it is capitalized And what this means usually in coding is that this is a constant It means during the course of the game this number will not change. So for this particular program That's the way it's gonna be so it's at the minus 40 Y-corded Then I've created a turtle and I've called it pen I'm gonna use that to draw the ground and so I started at negative 400 because remember it's 800 pixels wide So I started at negative 400 and then ground level Put the pen down drawn all the way over to positive 400 ground level and I put the pen up done and Then I have here a jumper. That's what I've called my character jumper is also a turtle Speed zero does not mean the speed that it moves. This is the animation speed It's just something you need to have for the turtle module as I said before it's a green square and I use pen up because I don't want it to draw a trail and this is some of the stuff that I've added to it Okay, so I said it's got a width of 20 a height of 20 And the reason is that is the default size of a turtle in python if I change this to 230 it's not going to change the size It's just it's just there for mathematical purposes And then these two values are very very important dy and dx dy is your speed up and down So positive value is up a negative value is down dx is your speed left and your speed right even though I won't really be using it here So a positive dx means it would move right a negative dx is it would move left? And what I've added here is something called a state So I'm basically saying that the jumper is ready and that'll come in handy a little bit later And then I want the jumper to go to negative 200 and then ground level plus half of its height So if I don't have this this is something You might find weird, but because it's the centered so I don't want the jumper to be below the line I want it to be on the line. So I have to add half of the height. That's why I put that Height equals 20 in there. So that is the starter code I will put a link to this starter code So if you want to follow along you can just download that and then start following along Otherwise you do a lot of pausing and reproducing this and then I'll also put a link to the final code down below as well So anyway, let us get started. So the things we need to think about If a character is gonna move Let's go ahead and make our character move a little bit. So I'm gonna make a new function I'm gonna call it jump go figure And in this method, I'm gonna say jumper dot dy equals oh Let's try five see what happens. Okay, and Then in here what I need to do is I need to say something say, you know move the jumper So I'm gonna do this y equals Jumper dot y core Okay, notice there's parentheses here. So this gets me the current y coordinate of the jumper Where is it? Okay, right? It when we start it should be at the ground level And then I'm gonna say y plus equals jumper Dot dy Okay, so jumper dot dy so it's gonna add The jumpers dy to the y coordinates and then what I have to do is jumper dot Set y not set x To the new y value now. I could combine all three of these into one Line I have them three lines. So it's simple and clearer for beginners to understand what's going on So I'm gonna run this and nothing's gonna happen and I'll explain why in a second Okay, so I'm gonna go ahead and press the spacebar and realize I didn't connect the space key to my function So what I do is a win dot listen again If you've seen my other tutorials, you know this win dot on key press now if you're using Python 2 It's on key Python 3 on key press jump Comma notice no parentheses here even though there's parentheses here We don't put them here and then the key that I'm using is space I think on Python 2 it's a capital S But in Python 3 it is a small s. I want to run it And watch what happens when I push the spacebar It flies up and off the screen, which is a good start, but not quite where we want to end up So in the real world, we have to ask ourselves what keeps us from flying into the sky And hopefully the answer will come to you and it is gravity So we need to set gravity for our game So I'm gonna go ahead. I'm gonna put a New value here gravity notice. I'm capitalizing it because gravity is not going to change Gravity is pulling us down. So I'm gonna make it minus. I'm gonna say zero point I don't know. We'll just 0.3. We'll pick 0.3 for now And then I actually have to add that into here Now here's the interesting thing gravity doesn't work on why It works on dy So I'm gonna say You know gravity just put gravity here so we know what this section does and I'm gonna say jumper dot dy plus equals Gravity So what that's gonna do is every time through our main game loop Gravity is going to reduce our dy So let's run that and see what happens Okay, you see how it fell right down through the floor Because we have gravity. Let me try that again. I'm gonna try to hit the space bar real quick Okay, so you can see using the space bar. I can keep myself afloat Now if this was a flappy bird game, that would be all we need to do to make the game work And we can we can make a flappy bird thing with that, but I'm thinking more like the crone dinosaur game for this so What we need to add now Is a way for it to stop when it hits the The ground level and so I'm gonna put that down here Now don't put it first because it ends up not working the order the code here is really kind of important and So yeah, put it here Deal with that. So what I'm gonna do is say if jumper dot y core again parentheses is less than Ground level Okay, and just so you know, I'm using the idea. I'm using is genie or text editor We want to call it and it is free and open source. It's very cool. Check it out It has some nice autocomplete features if you enable them plus Jumper dot height again like I talked about earlier divided by two So if I'm below the ground I'm gonna move myself back up to the ground. So I'm gonna say jumper dot set y Ground level and then I'm going to set My dy to zero. Okay, so let's go ahead and run that See what happens. Okay. Okay. We got a couple problems, which I expected. That's okay Okay, so it's the ground level. This should be ground level plus jumper dot height divided by two Let's try that again. Okay, and now we have a Jumping character. There's one little flaw with this. Now watch what happens here. I Can keep flying up and off the screen, which is not really what we want to happen. Okay, it's kind of cool But it's not what we want to happen in this particular game so what we need to do here is we need to keep track of Whether the jumper is jumping Okay, so that's why I used this jump state Now there's other ways we could do this, but this I like to do it this way. So in here what I want to say I would say if Jumper dot state Equals ready then it can jump. So let's run that So I'm gonna push the spacebar jumps. Okay, so you see didn't really do anything So what we got to do down here Or here actually I got to change the state jumper dot state equals called jumping So our jumper is gonna have two states ready and jumping. So if he's ready jump Change the dy and then do the jump. I hit f function f5 again run it Okay jumped now. It's not jumping because the state is still Jumping so then down here when I hit the ground. I got to do jumper dot state equals Ready so this tells me that I can go ahead and jump again. Let's go ahead and run that Jump jump jump jump around That's basically it now the thing with this program is that everybody's computer is gonna run just a bit Different at a different speed. So you're gonna see some really high frame rates I'm gonna see some lower frame rates. So I kind of played around with the numbers and I found that 12 and negative 0.8 So for gravity negative 0.8 and dy 12 for the jumper worked really really well For what I want to do at least so you can see boom jumps up jumps up and comes down So you will have to play with the numbers so that it gets to about you know that point You can be a little higher to be a little lower or whatever you want to do But you can see here. We've got a nice little jumping character and that's really all there is to it Okay, so just to kind of do a quick review. I had to pick the ground level and Then you know, I made a little turtle jumper turtle character. I gave it a width and a height A dx and a dy even though I didn't really use dx or or the width in this particular case It will come in handy if you decide to expand this program. I Set it to the location plus half of a tight Set gravity to a constant again my computer negative 0.8 works really well You might want something a little bit different. You might want to make your jumper Yeah, give it give your jumper a little bit stronger legs You can even be like a power-up type thing depends or a level based on the level of the game You can kind of play around with that We'll go back to 12. So then I gave it a state So if it's ready, then it can jump and I switched the state And of course I talked about the keyboard binding here So in my loop, I need to adjust for gravity I need to actually move the jumper and Then I need to check if the jumper has hit the ground if so I need to reset the dy I need to reset the state and I need to set it on the ground level So let's go ahead just one more time And there we go that is it so yeah, that's that's all I want to show you today again I get this request a lot It's it's it's harder than it looks actually if this code is out of order Or if you don't quite have this set up correctly with the whole state thing It just doesn't work as well as you would think and your thing gets stuck and gets very frustrating trust me I know so anyway. Thanks for watching subscribe for updates and keep on coding. Have a great day. Have a great weekend. Cheers


The challenge of the Yukon. It's Yukon King, swiftest and strongest lead dog of the Northwest, blazing the trail for Sergeant Preston of the Northwest Mounted Police in his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers. Gold, gold discovered in the Yukon, a stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches. Back to the days of the gold rush, with Sergeant Preston and his wonder dog Yukon King as they meet the challenge of the Yukon. The man's parka was ragged, his mucklocks cracked, his heavy beard was frosted white, and with every step he took he left a faint red stain on the snow. He staggered down the hill to the Yukon. Yukon, trail to the gold hills. Come on, boys, make your fortune the easy way. Nothing to lose, everything to gain. One, you come all under Dawson. You've got to get there. You've got to tell him. You'll never be missed unless you tell him. One, two, one step. One, two, one step. Sergeant Preston, driving up in the south, saw the man reach the banks of the Yukon. There he wavered on his feet, and suddenly pitched head first into a snow bank. One, King, one, you, Husky. Sergeant drove on to the man's side. One, you, Husky, one, a whole. Nearly done for, King. We've only a few miles from town. I'll put him on the sled, cover him and drive on to the hospital. One, King, one, you, Husky. When the hospital was reached, the sergeant carried the ragged traveler inside. There he was put to bed, and the sergeant waited while the doctor made his examination. Not much chance. It isn't only exposure, he's ill as well. Pneumonia? Yes. Eye fever, feeble pulse. Tell him. He's conscious, anyway. He's delirious. I've gone through his clothes, doctor. There's no identification. Can I try to talk to him? He won't make sense, but he can't do any harm. I'll try. What's your name? Name? No name. Never be missed. He understood my question. You heard his answer. Gotta tell him. Go ahead, tell me. I'm listening. Stop them. The man sat up and grabbed the sergeant's arm. The sergeant eased him back to the pillow. No need to get excited. Just tell me. Hey, pick on you.  That's easy to see. They buy you good meal. They talk to you. Find out you haven't any friends.  They kind of never be missed. Who? Who does this? They do. They offer you a job. Good pay. Good food. It sounds like heaven, but it turns out to be hell. Work? Yeah, work. You'll be beaten up. Work or you'll starve.  No one will ever know you'll never be missed. What's your name? No name. The only way out is through the canyon. That's God at night and day. They say you can't escape, but I did. Over the ridge and they said you couldn't climb. I did it. His talk means anything at all. He's been through a terrible experience. Unbelievable. Men held prisoner, working as slaves here in the Yukon. We'll do our best to pull him through, Sergeant. If he becomes rational at all, I'll call you... I think he's told us only can. What? Let me see. He'll write. He's gone. The sergeant left the hospital, but returned in 15 minutes with Tex Richards from the Monte Carlo Cafe. You have a wonderful memory for faces and names, Tex. If this man was ever in the Monte Carlo, you may recall him. He's in here. The sergeant drew back the sheet that covered the dead man. Well? I remember him. His name? Bill is all I... I haven't seen him for, oh, six months. Tell me all you can about him. Sure, he's like a lot of others. No luck in finding gold, spend all his money, sold all his equipment to buy food. He was hoping to get a birth on one of the river boats, work his way to St. Michael and from there back to the States. But with no success. There were too many others trying to do the same thing. The freeze up came and he was stranded. He found a few odd jobs. I gave him a meal occasionally and lent him a little money, but he was proud. He didn't like charity. He tried to hide the fact that he was hungry most of the time. He was at a mighty low ebb. And then, one day, just about six months ago, he came into the Monte Carlo and paid me what he owed me. Said he'd found a job. With whom? A new mining syndicate. I don't think he mentioned a name. Where, Tex? He didn't seem to be quite sure as to the exact location. I picked him up on the Yukon Trail a few miles south of here, but there's no big mining syndicate operating around there. Nothing but snow, forest and mountains. He traveled a long way, that's certain. Where could he have come from? Search me. You have no idea who might have heard him? No. You didn't see anyone buying him drinks or food? No. Too bad. I wished him good luck. He walked out the door and I never saw him again. Until now. Well, somehow I'm going to find out who hired him. Somehow, I'll find out where he worked. There was too much sense in what he said to dismiss it as delirium. I can't help feeling that this is murder. From the hospital, the sergeant drove his team to headquarters. He fed the dogs, turned them into their run, and went directly to the inspector's office to report. There was a bearded stranger in trail clothes with the inspector. Oh, sorry, inspector. I'll come back later. No, come in, Sergeant. I want you to meet Constable Garrett. He's just in from Skagway in new addition to our force. This is Sergeant Preston, Constable. Glad to have you with us, Garrett. Thanks, Sergeant. I'm glad to be here. After two weeks on the trail, I'm glad to be warm again. The sergeant has just come in from the south himself. He has. Oh, you mean he came in today? He's had a chance to change clothes and shave. No, Garrett. I always keep shaved on the trail. If you don't, your breath freezes on your whiskers, and it isn't long before you're wearing an ice mask. Then when you start breaking it all... Ouch. You don't have to tell me. Shaving once a day is easier. I'll shave from now on. I suppose I should apologize for the way I look. Not at all, Constable. The sergeant will take you over to the barracks and you can get keamed up now. I'd rather not, inspector. What's that? The Constable's appearance has given me an idea, sir. You see, I run into a strange case. About five miles out of town, I found a traveler at the side of the trail. He was unconscious. The sergeant told the inspector all about the man he had found and the things he had said in his delirium, about his death, and Tex Richard's partial identification. Finally, he summed up the situation. So all we actually know is that six months ago, this man left Dawson. He left Dawson to work for some vague mining syndicate. Today, he returns to town a physical wreck babbling about slave labor had an escape over a high ridge. Don't you think, sir, we should try to find out what happened to him during the past six months? I most certainly do, Sergeant. Slave labor. Now, you said that you had an idea. Yes, sir. I imagine that six months ago, Bill, uh, no name, looked exactly the way Garrett does now. My suggestion is that instead of shaving and changing into uniform, the Constable pretend that he's broke. Down on his luck, completely disheartened and ready to accept any job that's offered him. More than that, sir, let him pretend that he has no friends in Dawson. Then let's see if anyone offers him a job. Well, they might, of course, someone with a perfectly legitimate business. True enough, sir, but I'm not suggesting that they ask anyone for a job that must be offered him. Hmm. And, sir, I know for certain that none of the big mining companies will be hiring men before spring.  Like a man who would never be missed if he should disappear? In my present condition, I'm sure. The Monte Carlo would be a good place to make your headquarters. All I have to do is sit in the corner and look discouraged. That's all. I'll have a word with Tex Richards who owns the Monte Carlo. He'll help you play the game. It might be a good idea if you didn't come here again. You can keep in contact with the sergeant through Tex. Of course. Where shall I sleep? Ask Tex if you may sleep in his storeroom. That suits me. I could sleep on a better nails right now. Oh, is this an assignment, Inspector? Yes, Constable. We'll try it for a few days. Nothing happens. Well, we'll have to try something else. Forced labor. Prison camp. We'll have to patrol every mountain range in the Yukon. And so it happened that Constable Matt Garrett, still dressed in his travel-worn Parker and trail clothes, spent the afternoon sitting in a corner table in the Monte Carlo. That night he slept in the storeroom. The next morning resumed his seat at the corner table in the cafe. Shortly before noon, a burly man with black piercing eyes sat down beside him. Are you glad I joined you? No, not at all. You've been sitting here for a long time without ordering a drink? Tex doesn't mind. It's warm. I don't have any other place to go. Sort of done on your luck, eh? Yeah. I'm hoping to find a job soon. Not much chance around, Dawson. Yeah, I found that out. Haven't you got any friends? Well, it's...it's Tex. Sure. I saw him give you a dollar last night to eat, or... I mean to pay him back. Don't you, uh, know anybody else around town? I just got in yesterday. Where from? Whitehorse. Selkert. Uh-huh. I got a ride in a mail slip. Say, uh, look, why don't you come down to the restaurant and have dinner with me, huh? I'm not hungry. Now don't try to kid me, Miss. What's your name? Matt Garrett. Well, I'm Rafe Hawkins, general manager of the Coronado Money Company. Is that a big outfit? One of the biggest. Oh, I don't suppose you... No, I've been told people like you aren't doing any errand before spring. Well, now people might just be wrong about that. You come on down to the restaurant. We'll talk it over. Sure thing, Mr. Hawkins. It was an hour later that Garrett returned to the Monte Carlo and pushed his way through the crowd to Tex Richard's side. Tex, he's offered me a job. He says his name is Rafe Hawkins and that he's the general manager of the Coronado Money Company. There's no such company. You're sure? Positive. Well, the job is throwing out and digging gravel. An ounce of dust a day. That's regular pain, but, uh, where are the diggings? He wouldn't say. He's taking me there. I was leaving right away. I just came back for my knapsack. You were going with him? Yes, that's the way we planned it. I'm going with him and the sergeant will follow us. You get word to him as fast as you can. Right. I gave him one of my gauntlets. He's certain that King can follow the scent. There's no doubt about that. I'll get my knapsack from the storeroom. See you later, Tex. The message was delivered to the sergeant and he and King were on front straight when Rafe Hawkins with Garrett aboard drove his sled down the banks of the Yukon and out onto the trail.  Well, King, we know which way they've gone and there's fresh snow. We should be able to follow the tracks.  Come on, fella, back to headquarters for the team. The sergeant left Dawson two hours later. On King! On you, Husky! King had been given the scent of the Constable's glove and he was working as a loose lead so that he could concentrate on following the trail. But for mile after mile, he kept straight on due south on the Yukon. Then, oh, boy, you won't lose him. The short day faded and with night the northern lights began to sweep across the sky. There was no need to stop at any of the way cabins along the trail to make inquiries. From the way King acted, the sergeant knew that Rafe and the Constable had passed them all by. The miles flew by and it was not until midnight that King turned aside to follow the tracks of a sled that went up and over the West Bank. When the bank was reached, the sergeant called the hawk. Okay! Oh! The team needs a rest, King. I don't think it'll snow tonight. The trail will still be fresh in the morning. A fire was built, the dogs were fed, the sergeant ate his own supper and then crawled into his sleeping bag. Six hours later, King roused him. What? Oh, good morning, King. Except it's still dark. Let's see. Six o'clock. You're right, fellas. Time to be on our way. Half an hour later, they started out once more. On King! The trail led across a series of low hills. The sun rose at nine o'clock and at noon when they stopped to eat, they had reached a great snow-covered plain. Far to the West, the crystal range reared its snowy mic toward the skies. It doesn't look like there's any break in that pile of rock and ice, King, out front, King. Follow the trail, boy. Across the plain, the sled tracks followed a frozen creek toward the mountains. And as the sun sank in the southwest, the sergeant could see where the stream dropped 200 feet to the plain from a crevasse in the cliff wall. There's our break, King. It was dark again when they reached the foot of the frozen waterfall and here the track swung to the left where the slope was more gradual. The sergeant stopped the team. The trail leads straight up to the canyon but there's no telling what we'll find out there, boy. Better leave the team behind. The sergeant found a sheltered spot and unharnessed the team. After they were fed, the dogs immediately burrowed in the snow and prepared to go to sleep. The sergeant covered the sled with snow and then he and King started up them up. The trail twisted and turned while the ascent was gradual until it became nothing but a ledge sticking out from the side of the cliff. It led, as the sergeant had noticed, directly to the canyon from which the stream dropped to the plain. Now the opening of the canyon was reached and the sled tracks led into it. Yes, the canyon's narrow, boy. We better take it slow and easy from now on. But the canyon widened beyond the entrance and sloping gradually upward, it seemed to be endless. King kept close to the shadowed side, on and on, until finally... King, it looks to me as if the canyon's widening out still more up ahead. It could be a valley right in the heart of the mountains. I think we found what we're looking for. King was nervous. The wind was at his back. No saint reached him from the direction in which they were traveling and he had to depend entirely on his eyes. Each shadow must be distrusted until it resolved itself into a familiar, harmless form. Then suddenly he barked. He threw his weight against the sergeant, pushing him close against the canyon wall just as a rifle cracked. King, you've been hit. It was true. The great dog looked up into his master's face for a second and then dropped to the snow. The sergeant lifted him in his arms and carried him to safety behind a large boulder. The rifle spoke again. The sergeant saw where the shot came from and fired twice and returned. He turned to King. It was a head wound. Quickly, the sergeant opened his first aid kit and went to work. Not very deep, King. You'll be all right. We'll stop the floor of blood and bandage away. Another bullet chipped the boulder in front of the sergeant. He paid no attention. King's eyes were closed, but the sergeant knew he could save the dog's life if he worked fast. He listened for footsteps in the snow coming toward him. There were none. He was brought to lift the dog in his arms and carry him back to safety when he heard a voice on the top of the canyon wall above him. The sergeant's gun was in its holster. King's eyes opened. He tried to raise his head. Quiet, boy. I still sleep.  His hands held high. Three men closed in on the sergeant. One of them carried a rifle. The other six guns. We'll take care of it. Okay. That's all. What about the dog? I guess it's dead. You hurt him. Get going, mister. The canyon opened into the valley. There were a number of buildings on the banks of the stream. Several cabins, sheds, and large bunkhouse. The windows were barred. There were sleuces as well with huge piles of gravel near them. Gold was being washed out here. To his right, the sergeant could see a man scrambling down on a series of natural steps that led to the top of the canyon wall. The man who had gotten the drop on him from above. Wait here, mister. He joined the others as they stopped in front of the largest cabin. Keep them out here for a second. I'll report to the boy. Five minutes later, the door of the cabin opened again. You two get back to the canyon. All right, lucky. This is a surprise. You didn't tell me who I visited or was, lefty. I don't know him. Just because he's wearing a park over his uniform? Your fault. This is Sergeant Preston, the Northwest Mudded Police. Huh? A money? Do you know who I am, Sergeant? You're Ralph Hawkins of the Coronado Mining Company. Hmm. You're well informed. Have you filed claim on any of this valley? Of course not. Why should I? If I did, I'd have to announce to the world there was gold here. And in return, I'd get 500 feet along the creek. As it is, I can work the whole valley. And I don't pay the government any royalties. You can work the valley. You mean your prisoners work it? Hmm? You see, lefty, I didn't get the right information at all when I was in Dawson. I get that the bill died without regaining consciousness. But he must have talked to the sergeant. He certainly did. You're under arrest, Hawkins. It don't make me laugh. Borseth, the Northwest Mudded Police knows about us. They don't. Sergeant's lying. He didn't get any information from Bill. No more than an idea, anyway. Hawkins is in the Coronado Mining Company where names are made up for our latest recruit. You followed us on a hunch. That's true, isn't it, Sergeant? The Northwest Mounted knows what you're up to. Perhaps. But you're the only one who knows where I am. And with you out of the way, I'll never be found. What are we going to do with him? It's too bad he can't join our happy family. He'll never be found. He'll never be found. It's too bad he can't join our happy family and work for a living. I'm not a person who'd never be missed, is that it? That's it, Sergeant. When you don't come back to Dawson, they'll be looking for you. Let me put a bullet through him right now. He must be found a long way from here, somewhere at the bottom of the cliff. I'll take care of that tomorrow. Time up, Joe. Throw him in the next room of the stores. Give him a hand, Lifty. All right, boys, move you, buddy. Back in the canyon, King was slowly recovering his strength. His head throbbed, but the pain meant nothing to him. His master was gone and he must find him. He staggered to his feet and sniffed the ground. The sergeant and the other men had gone up the canyon. King started to follow the trail. At first, it was only instinct that drove him on. But with movement, power returned to his muscles and his sense became more alert. There were two men ahead. They had built a fire in the shelter of some rocks. His master's trail led past them. Keeping close to the opposite side of the canyon, he crept ahead, ready each instant to break into a run if he should be discovered. The men were arguing and didn't see him. He was in the valley now. The sergeant's trail led straight to one of the cabins. There was a dog run back of it, and one of the dogs inside it began to bark. King ran up to the fence and growled in menace at the other dog. He stopped barking. King dropped into the snow and waited. Finally, the other dog burrowed in the snow and went to sleep again. King knew that his master was in the cabin, and he had an impulse to let him know that he was near. But there was a stronger sense of caution that stopped him. There were men in this valley who had tried to kill the sergeant. They were enemies, and until he could reach his master's side, he must be silent. Now there were no lights in any of the buildings in the valley. There were two windows in the back covered with oiled paper. He leaped to the narrow ledge of one of them and fell back to the ground. On his second attempt, he managed to force his head through the paper. On his third attempt, he scrambled all the way up to the ledge through the torn paper and jumped to the floor inside. King lay at his master's side without uttering a sound. It seemed a long time. The sergeant lifted his hands in King's mouth and the dog understood.  King worked hard, and at last the lobes parted. I can get the ones with my ankles. A few minutes later, the sergeant stood up and started for the door of the other room. He opened it. King followed silently. The sergeant stopped the table in the center of the room. There was a gun there. His own gun. King growled as Rafe stirred on his cot. But before he could browse himself, all of the gun down hard. Now we bind and gag him and head for the bunkhouse.  His rifle there crossed his knees. He was drowsy, but a slight noise behind him made him turn his head. But the sergeant's gun hit him squarely and he slumped back on the blanket. That takes care of two of them, King. Now to get some reinforcements. With two blows, the sergeant broke the lock on the bunkhouse door. When he opened it, a wave of whispers swept through the building. Garret. Quiet. Quiet everybody. Quiet. Are there any small arms around, Garret? They say there's a shed full of them next to Hawkins' cabin. All right. Everybody get dressed and follow me. There are only two guards awake. The one's up at the opening of the canyon. You'd better bind and gag the one outside, Garret. We'll go to the shed and break into it.  Then you surround all the cabins, and the old Garret and I have a chance to take care of the guards in the canyon. Don't do anything until you hear shooting. If we manage to take them by surprise, I'll fire three shots. Then take your jailer's prisoner. All right. Quiet does it. Follow me. The guards in the canyon were also dozing. But the sudden touch of cold steel on the back of their necks wakened them with a starch. The sergeant's voice stopped them from making any move for their guns.  I'll signal the others. The valley echoed to the shouts of the liberated men as they broke into the cabins and took charge of their ex-jailers. The attack came as a complete surprise. And when the sergeant and Garret returned with their own prisoners, the whole gang were huddled together, surrounded by rifles, carbines, and six guns. Take charge, Garret. Right, sergeant. The sergeant entered Rafe's cabin and pulled the gag from his mouth. Where you done? Careful, careful. How did you get loose? You'll have a long time to figure that out if all the crown prosecutor figures out all the charges against you. Going to untie you so you can get dressed. Then you and all of your men will be starting for Dawson, guarded by the men you kept prisoner for so long. But before you wrecked slaves, the men who would never be missed leave here. I'm going to suggest that they all file claims to the land here in the valley. When they get to Dawson, register those claims and all the gold you've mined will belong to them. That's robbery. The courts will call it justice. It'll be their land. It'll be their gold. And it'll be your finish. This case is closed. In our next adventure, two men share a corner table in the notorious El Dorado cafe. It's all set. We'll pass the girl off as the old man's knees. And all we have to do is get rid of him. And the mine belongs to us. Watch your step though. Sergeant Preston's moved into the district. Nothing would please me better than to get rid of him at the same time we finish off the old man. Just let him try to interfere. A murder is planned. The victim, the owner of the fabulous Polar Star Mine and the prize, a fortune. But the killers realize the sergeant threatens the success of their plans. That only dead can he cease to be dangerous. Don't miss this next exciting adventure. These radio dramas, a feature of the challenge of the Yukon Incorporated are created by George W. Trendle produced by Trendle Campbell Enterprises directed by Fred Flower Day and supervised by Charles D. Livingston. The part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton. The challenge of the Yukon is brought to you every Saturday and Sunday. This is J. Michael wishing you good bye and good luck until our next adventure. This program came from Detroit. Today's most popular heroes of outdoor adventure are heard every weekday afternoon from five to six o'clock. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, Mark Trail roams the wilderness. Clyde Beatty defies the beasts of the jungle and Victor Borga entertains with five minutes of musical laps. Tuesday and Thursday there are the Indian hero straight arrow riding to a pole justice. Sky King zooming to supersonic action and Bobby Benson the cowboy kid in Tales of Western Daring. Listen to Mutual's hour for fun with Mark Trail, Clyde Beatty, Victor Borga straight arrow, Sky King and Bobby Benson over most of these stations every weekday afternoon. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.