the actual notification of the application. Everyone should at least to gone through once of the actual notification. That is to go through the recent notification that is 2022 so that you will get complete. Please download it. This one always keep it in your because here only you can see the syllabus pattern for GS optional and however syllabus is defined is completely given. And what is the criteria? Every criteria is given. So please keep this one in this first thing is the syllabus whatever the subject be it history or be it whatever the thing first syllabus go through the syllabus then only you will come to know whether it is difficult or not not just to based on the size rather than based on understanding of the subject right. So if this if you see here every optional subject consist of two paper right. I think you need the fundamentals of this morning is the paper one. Paper one afternoon is the paper two. Paper two the morning section is section paper one consist of two section A and this section B. Likewise paper two also section A section B. This is for every optional subject in history optional the section A is strictly ancient and this section B is strictly medieval.  If you know no need otherwise the paper one in this section A section A consist of four question one two three and four section B five six seven eight. This is the pattern for every subject in history optional section A is exclusively what ancient section B is medieval. And in the paper two morning session section A is modern India and a section B is modern world history. So question shall be asked only like this in afternoon session they will not ask medieval in morning session they will not ask modern world history. So the topic is completely split accordingly question will be asked. This is the first thing. Second thing is what constitutes the paper one. Here history optional paper one is there from that unit number one. If you see that unit number one to remaining plus 20 plus units if you see completely it is a paper one right up to the medieval. So in this paper one consist of two section amirite section A and section B among that they have simply given the paper one in this unit one two three four five you just to go through prehistory industrially megalithic orient Mahajanapada mauryas post mauryas in that only Sangha Mej Indo-Greeks then the guptans vakatakas regional kingdoms like solas right. So up to this first 12 units first 12 units is the ancient part. So in paper one first 12 is the ancient and when you enter into 750 we enter into medieval part from 12 to 24 is the medieval. Every topic is well known there is nothing new if I ask a question yourself would answer. Estimate Agubar you would write you can't say I can't write any a point at least you would manage it this is the paper one and come to paper two in the case of paper two the first set is the modern modern Indian history it start right from coming of European in GS simply this topic alone is given in optional this is elaborated that's all same syllabus coming of Europeans British expansion nearly structure of British economy these things alone will be discussed that's if you hadn't GS itself nearly 70 80 percent is over right and we will discuss again for optional another 8 to 10 classes exclusively for the modern for different aspect just analytic aspect I will ask you to bring GS class notes of modern and let us how you have to manage about convalesce how you have to write about delusion just a discussion actually I have to discuss only discussion only but you don't know the basic information of you that's why we are going for what discussion basic and then discussion right from the European European penetration from this year nearly for up to post independence not only the modern Indian history even now in GS also you do have which part is the post independence part up to unit number 15 first unit number 15 is the modern India and right from 16 16 onwards which topic start a modern world history start so section a modern India set up to 15 unit 16 to 24 next to say 8 or yes next to 27 up to 27 12 units is exclusively belong to the world history so each part is divided into 12 units ancient 12 medieval 12 modern 14 because modern as well as post independence and last is the modern world history every topic is known topic what I am going to discuss here is how to make answer I am not going to discuss any new thing if I ask in this world civilization is it new no if I said some of the philosopher Karl Marx is it new no but what you have to write the key word let me give it this is what the structure does what is the syllabus I informed now what is my method of class how our class would go is here is section a section b and here also section a and section b right here is the modern history on the modern world history and here is the ancient and medieval first we will start we will start with modern world history that is why if you see the syllabus the time schedule world history so first to 10 days world history next also after the gap also world history right why I am discussing is one side we will discuss world history no other side first almost major page badges we will batches we will discuss modern Indian history within 2 to 3 months we will complete which part paper one paper one is completely over and once world history is over then I will jump to the ancient part because once ancient part is taken then I have to completely up to the modern Indian history so this is my method for last 10 years this work things so first is the modern world history next is the ancient part next to medieval right by October by Diwali for all the batch modern history will have been over in GS at last exclusively 8 classes for analysis and then you come to know ok problems of factual preparation is different and analytical preparation is different this things you would come to know this is my method that is what I have given in this right and next what kind of material you have to study normally we will I will give class notes complete class notes will be given of each topic apart from that I will discuss lot of information you can't write everything for that at least refer one textbook you no need to study line by line of the test to textbook what is the purpose of the textbook mean how they have given in a way of presentation once you know the way of presentation then no need to study the textbook just to you know I know sir I don't want to know because I know how to manage answer I have the key words I will manage it discard the text so textbook wise no need to study line by line or cover to cover in this sense alone because books will be a little bit big if you consider sir every page has to be no need you bring it let me tell what subject topic I touch that alone you go through yes next open the case of world history what is up to 1900 I will give classmate notes because there is no one book the material will be distributed keep your fees received do you know I have got gs material you have to go to that ground for first floor here and from that you collect right so first your first you have to do these things right you will get the material right in this up to 1900 so no need to buy purchase any book because this is diversified shoes but from 1900 onwards you have to buy one book Norman low world history by Norman low why why not even you have to buy for gs also this book even gs student would study this book it's a excellent book for understanding the after 19 it is very good for helping the international organization is very much helping so for understanding of the IO and bilateral related issues so thus you have this book you purchase a little bit book but let me tell how and come to ancient ancient wise have you purchased 11th ncrt book history book what you should have 11th ncrt ancient you should have here 11th ncrt medieval you should have and here is the 12th ncrt modern history I think all would have purchased by the time keep this remain excellent book even for optional also these are all the basics right so here this is what the things apart from that one textbook let me tell further for ancient as of now even gs prelims questions are being asked from the book which book is open the same ancient history by open the same purchase it if you study their six question last four to five year even prelims also they have asked only from this book it's a excellent book when I was the student there was no such a book I studied from different sources now Delhi University professor professor up in the same she is none other than the daughter of former prime minister of India Manmohan Singh daughter is Dr. Upinder Singh that madam wrote the book the professor of Delhi University right so upinder Singh book purchase it and come to medieval medieval wise I let me give one material so you will get second material from academy one material that I will give after one and a half months again you have the fees received always keep the fees received go to the first floor and collect it right and apart from that one textbook is JL meta JL meta volume one it consists of three volume just to purchase very very small book you purchase let me tell how do you have to answer study modern wise do you have spectrum book already by the time you should have purchased for GS itself even on Monday next Monday I will ask you to buy the spectrum book so already you have told the anxiety book along with that you purchase spectrum spectrum modern India anyhow all the people from Kashmir to Kanyakumari for GS itself must to purchase spectrum so modern India wise don't purchase any new book for optional don't purchase and ancient medieval wise modern wise already NCR to you purchased it you study first you have to study GS wise then bring the textbook to me I will let me tell what topic and how to study okay no need to study line because normally I will give class notes but I would not simply say that you should confine to our class when you have to confine to my class notes is last minute exam first to complete class notes once study in the textbook just to get idea then add it no need of books then just to confine because UPSC always like a student to go through at least a textbook at least one textbook then only how the students for example if you just to copy face from some notes mean very easy to find it out you would not have continuity this is what you have to do it so already 50% of the book you have purchased NCRT so on so spectrum purchase just one reference would keep it you don't study by yourself if you when you start to study be yourself then you start vomiting this is the biggest issue in case of history because in the case of history you can easily read but at the same time what to study is the matter how the question will be asked is the matter how you have to present your answer for that here class and nothing new if I said Sardar any need of any introduction no if I said Maulana Abul Kalam Masar need of any introduction no what's the thing how you have to manage the answer this how keywords shall be there this I will elaborate so what is the timetable I have given how I will take the class when what text material and instant material will be there I have given in this right and this is a structure of that will strictly follow this thing so that you also packed till November months whether next week or next after week there will be class or no you no need to follow strictly follow this things you will get complete if you want let us have extra classes after the value and so on so let us have some one more week but till that I have to this 15 days I shall be there another 15 days I have shall be here so I must to strictly follow this things so that by December end that is all optional is over Jan onwards completely prepare for sear and GS and CSAT next to 5 months over right and the class timing I already mentioned 5 30 exactly because maximum class 8 o'clock to 11 and 11 to 130 then what is the thing go and take rest lunch little take rest right by 4 o'clock if you study study the GS part in class notes 4 to 5 and 5 o'clock onwards come here 5 30 to 8 then go back have dinner 10 right 9 30 to 10 o'clock at 10 30 study the optional class notes no need to study the book study the optional book during weekend otherwise the 15 days gap is there in that you stood because after at the time 5 30 to 8 free for you correct at the time you study and you will get plenty of idea easily you can write that so and everyone shall write the test ok so then only you come to know how preparation so and so so and so this is the method of preparation I would like to kind of be normally I would like to keep weekdays class our classes demo is weekdays but let me start the class right this week alone 3 or 4 classes will be there next week onwards strictly for our 5 classes will be there right this is a method here I would like to thanks any other apart from this because time schedule alone people would get complete preparation everything is given in advance what is the test first test first test is world history amirite because first to 10 days I will discuss world history second will be partially world history and partially ancient third will be ancient and medieval fourth will be medieval and the fifth will be modern or medieval if we want let us have six the test only for modern because at the time December men at least 5 to 6 batches first to 6 batches I would have completed GS what modern I will complete it then let's have it class schedule alone it little bit class that's why I avoided this thing if you have Sadish Chandra you no need to purchase J.L. Mehta you discard you discard it because both Sadish Chandra as well as J.L. Mehta more or less one then you no need to but no need to purchase J.L. Mehta then India struggle for independent upon Chandra it is little bit lengthy and it the informations are there only after 1857 but we have to study from 1498 Vaskoda gamma that's why now spectrum completely cover that part that's a year once upon a time student used to study India struggle for independent I will give in class every class GS class 13 or 14 class from Bipan Chandra and optional class another 8 class I will give inch by inch from Bipan Chandra only so you no need to refer we will whatever I thought is that from that class in this material but I for that I would not ask no need to study the books at least how the method of answer rating how the paragraph is once you know then no need so as of now don't study India struggle for independence keep it Upindarsing is the only source it's a major source excellent weights given full of color the book is very things little bulky but why the thing full of color picture or a Sharma is only the content matter no picture nothing is there they have given stone age paleolithic Mesolithic what is the stone different stage size between paleolithic Mesolithic or a Sharma is absent but Upindarsing mentioned here a complete picture that's why the book is little bit bulky nearly 50% is picture complete iteration and Norman low is little demand so you are Norman low and Upindarsing immediately you purchase put order or purchase in bookmark and high demands are there because of restriction so on so is there it's a one is international version so purchase these two item jail meta is available highly aware Sadish Chandra is highly available spectrum book anyhow you have to purchase for GS okay but start after as per the class not only my subject if a GS subject is started bilateral is started mean when the star started a file at all accordingly you follow okay don't be your one preparation your one preparation is good but sometimes it goes to vomiting when you don't like the subject forced to vomit better to purchase new anxiety that is what part 1 part 2 part 3 is there themes it because world anxiety let me tell the answer how it is there in that because nowadays some optional questions are straight away they're asking from the new anxiety new anxiety but new anxiety's problem is it is not given chronologically that is a biggest issue for example first page itself they discuss Ashoka in the ancient but what is the first unit in ancient pre-history 6th unit is Ashoka but the first unit itself they discussed Ashoka second and subsequent unit they will discuss prehistory right so this is the issue but purchase the new one last till last year I asked the student to purchase one old but nowadays they are gradually changing to the new version accordingly it has changed so part 1 part 2 part 3 small small book colorful book very interesting to study but don't study till class are being taken started because no chronologically and here in Delhi wise strictly it's offline right there's no online here both online as well as offline are available world history is a very shallow part actually ancient medieval alone you have to go by detail Indian history world history is very shallow that's why in the case of world history they have given the syllabus very gracefully and very for example if you take Latin America Latin America mean 13 countries are there South America and 7 to 8 more countries in Central America whether you have to study inch by inch of Latin America no in Latin America you have to study a single person who has a single person Bolivar that's all and if you see Arab world Arab world complete Western Western East Asia world Egypt so and so whether you have to study everything no in this only which country Egypt world history seems to be bigger but here don't say world history it is ancient world history syllabus no medieval world history syllabus no only which part modern world history alone is there even modern world history the syllabus is very limited near the modern world history what topic you have to study is from 1700 to 1991 there's no need to study Alexander's invasion no need to study Greek civilization no need to study the rise of Ottoman tugs that is not that's not in our syllabus what is the syllabus is from 1700 what is the 1700 syllabus here is the first thing is age of enlightened man this is what he has taught age of enlightened man industrial revolution American revolution French revolution that's all that's why world history is the shallowest topic but ancient medieval is little little you have to because it's in India I'm right what is the thing is world history is you have to study like this Asia Europe everything you have to study but the end Indian history is the geography is one and the same it's a very interesting I'm right in this only you have to study ancient in this only you have to study medieval in this only you have to study modern with this one's asked a question yes a question what is the question is history change but a geography does not yes or no history change but not water geography if geography changed we will know more it's a tsunami so-and-so or a complete a earthquake comes we will be what is the geography is India in this only Delhi by 1080 Mahamudabh Ghassan by 1300 Allah ud-Dinkelchi by 1600 Mughals cities geography but politics change that's why that's why I start first with world history right one side modern India in GS other side world history in optional with two months paper to his over whenever I'm here in Chennai back to back class will be there modern India GS as well as after evening world history so that you have to concentrate on these things and then test 10 days rest test like the test you all correct evaluated at least one test each test at least three mistakes or four mistakes are rectified more than enough five or six test 25 mistakes will be I'm right what you are writing in classroom is the test what UPAC conducting is exam test is different which is different exam is different keep this in many student does not know the basic difference you can commit mistake in test you should not commit mistake in exam this is what some student would not write us right I will look after you piece you know what would happen you will commit all the 25 mistake in UPC in cricket five day cricket Milan test why it is called test cricket practice there is no ball restriction am I right there is no five days near restriction you can even hundred ball different stroke you put it that's why it's called test to match rather than your own bowler practice wise your own bowler would bowl it test to match opposite countries bowler would bowl it so I commit mistake here and the commit mistake in classroom that's why don't commit mistake in exam that's why this time because last time when I kept the test no one would come to write why sir we don't have time just to they said this time no one can say you don't have time okay once the first schedule is over 10 days after that only first test is being conducted that's why scruply let us try to follow this that's November you are also packed don't can't don't go and attend the cousin's marriage I'm right even your marriage don't go and attend or if you keep your one marriage postpone accordingly plan according to a word sluggers because you people are here after normal people do you know higher officials always would have six months seven months next what they have time schedule if you don't have time schedule then only always would drift right so this is what related to this of this right so please study because here is less if you come to Delhi at that time in your order you just to go out this chanthi colony at that time you can see 10,000 student at the time even at 12 o'clock 1 o'clock minimum thousand student can be a study hall write this likewise even classes will be conducted some institute up to 9 o'clock 10 o'clock nothing what is there very free society they just to study the grass pitch here only our academy whenever classes are little traffic apart from that nothing here is hundred times crowd is there in Delhi okay little hard here the 5 30 class there it's a 8 o'clock morning 8 to 10 30 their class ready to come yes this is what the things any other doubt hmm in tested once test is over after 2 to 3 days when I discussing classes in that itself first test will be discussion will be held immediately it will be held so that no need to bother about it I will discuss and I will write the hints also in your test paper what kind of things so tested discussion will be there question paper discussion these things are assured so what is the topic first world history then ancient then medieval and last what one modern thing and in GS wise I will take right the modern Indian history and post independence nearly modern industry 14 plus class post independence 6 plus class injuries that's why it's sold outsiders after the class you made it I will link you to one or two another another GS classes so that you can simultaneously study that part also right this is what the structure and this is what the syllabus I would like to convey as I told every section consists of how many question and every section for I'm right this side for and that side for this is the paper to yes in paper in paper to what is the first section modern Indian history what is the second section world modern world history that's why in this so section 1 2 3 4 is the modern India section B 5 6 7 8 is the modern world history in that the first question and the fifth question here itself each question consist of 50 mark each question consists but if you see the first question that itself is divided into 5 10 more question and the fifth question is also divided into 5 10 mark question that it so each question consist of 50 mark it does not mean the single question constant 50 mark so first and the fifth question each 5 marks and come to second question ABC for example second question consist of 50 marks mean how they would be market a question 20 mark b question 15 mark c question how many mark 15 mark all total how many marks 50 this is the structure will be there so you know need to study induct you just touch the topic and have an idea write the one page of the topic and you can easily manage it for two or three pages in exam let me show one thing one question go through this is a first question critically examine the following statement in about how many words so 10 marks means only how many words 150 words not this will be helpful for writing test 150 words mean you can maximum 175 words it's allowed not necessarily to be 150 up to 175 words got it use right as read the first two question and second this is Anglo-Sikwar related to Raja Ranjit Singh after the death of Raja Ranjit Singh British entered into the Anglo-Sikwar annexed it after two Anglo-Sikwar why British annexed remain because of which policy Northwest Frontier policy what is Northwest simple keyword what is the keyword after the exit of which person Ranjit Singh and another thing is broad what policy and last because of this British annexed what Punjab this alone whether I answered the keywords are how some people would get more scores in the answer mean they will put this as a sub getting first thing is exit of Raja Ranjit Singh Maharaja Ranjit Singh ruled 1800 to 1839 his sudden end in 1839 end of the Punjab and the weak successor British used as an opportunity started to annex over exit then what happened annexation annexation of Punjab how did British annexed by means of first Sikwar by means of second Anglo-Sikwar during the LOC period so British annexed that's all and the third why annexed mean it is a part of which policy broad so next why why annexed Punjab is fertile land Punjab is the gateway of North West so Northwest Frontier policy is important why Northwest is important for that geography here he's the Punjab right above the Punjab here Afghanistan here is Russian Empire Zorist do you know Zorist Zorist to stop the Zorist one thing here is the Shah Shah of Persia is there to avoid the Shah of Persia Northwest and here is the Egypt the French were rising to avoid which fear French fear this alone you please you want very general answer history wise that's why entering a especially South in this sense you can easily mad be only making it very tough by studying this or that already you have we have historical sense yes mostly ancient medieval modern we do have lot of historical sense in this right that's all what else you want automatically how many words would come 150 to 175 word without knowing that studying so many book things useless but I can easily tell but you can't easily understand and write for that once study in the book then once you have an ideal leave the book this is what so study the question underline the keyword make it as a subheading answer it this is what you can do it let's start to a telegram group for exclusively optional in that I will publish the toppers our academy only 2018 he's the history optional topper out of 500 you have got 370 300 crossing is nothing in this nearly three or four students here crossed 300 ok so that doesn't matter of this let me upload some of the toppers answer you will get some other what kind of important in the telegram you will get all kind of nothing time schedule is given any other important let me give it in that telegram group ok so this is exclusively for optional people history optional people this is the method here if you see the first if you see the first question consist of a b c d and last one is what the first direct retention of Rowlett act legislation in the teeth of the universal opposition as an affront to the nation so you should know what is Rowlett act against the Rowlett act what happened is opposition I am ready what is opposition is Rowlett Satyagraha during the Rowlett Satyagraha only jolly and wallabak massacre what else you want you know information what is the biggest issue among our student northern advice free flow whether right or wrong they would tell they would write down our people is they hesitate to answer say if I write whether it is right or wrong who are you to evaluate your one answer keep it in mind your duty is not to evaluate your answer your duty is only to write the answer to tell the opinion fearlessly tell your opinion fearlessly because this is a free society ok write your opinion and answer fearlessly even God oppose I am right even third eye open yes or no even third eye open to be stand no need to keep it in mind even for God respect no need to fear any people some people would say I am right who would fear committed mistake then only how to fear respect is different what is different ah bhakti is different no need of by a by a bhakti no need only which is enough bhakti is enough if you committed crime then only how to be fear before God so keep this in mind likewise you approach prelims mains and personality test and you will easily get so here after answer open your mouth liberally give your opinion boldly even God oppose write your answer even I oppose right change it gradually change it but don't hesitate to give your opinion here this is the biggest issue and then if somewhere family itself some person talking over in that childhoods itself some parents dump it give it this is entirely different if you come to there they will always ask question even silly question they will ask it and if I ask some question here 200 people are there in class means no one there is all would answer started to answer okay so create like this then answer writing is nothing answer writing should not come overnight or simply writing one test in class notes it should be developed by means of how how you practice how you are daily activities right so this is a one one next is the two if you come to the two first to question alone ABCD but the second question AB and water C that's all first to question is the 20 mark second question is the 20 mark then third question they went for what time so keep it in mind 50 marks they will split at any way this is the way question will be asked now I come to world history this is modern Indian history up to four is the section yet section B is world history if you see the world history France if you see that controversial so-and-so estate generals Julia revolution 1830 continental black card was misconstrued idea of economic defeat of the Britain this is the Napoleon Pona but continental system blockade so question will be like this very generalized thing but what is the beauty of paper one is now let me show the paper one in this paper to what is the first is the examination but if you come to paper one is map so near the ancient India you write it what is the first question is the map 50 mark map you can get everything in UPSC paper UPSC website itself right this is a paper one in this paper first two is the map so keep it in mind they will give you a market they will market carefully son 20 this is one of the greatest advantage of ministry right you know need to write description first paper first question is what map 50 mark for example you take near Chennai they marked one I'm right and if you come here they have given hint point what is a hint point in the paper is what site paleolithic then you have to find the place which is the place near Chennai ah Pallavaram Pallavaram is the paleolithic site otherwise Atheerambakkam have you come across Palayatamakul on the way there is a site called Atheerambakkam if you answer anyone that's all and you have to write if you mention Pallavaram or Atheerambakkam one mark keep it in mind how many marks is 50 marks right how many places are given 20 20 places carefully listen 50 marks how many places are given 20 marks mean for each correct answer how many marks 2.5 marks this one of the greatest advantage how 2.5 marks will be divided mean if you find the place one marks or 1.5 marks I don't know in this how exactly and you have written Pallavaram means in that Pallavaram you have to write 15 words to 20 words explanation how you have to write after writing Pallavaram 1 Pallavaram 1st point located near Chennai that's all 2nd here hand axe because paleolithic site hand axe some cleaver hand axe tools are there it is located in hill top that's all if you write another one mark out of 2.5 mark how many mark you will get 2 marks is it possible in a 10 mark question out of 10 mark is it possible to get 9.5 mark question no map is one of the greatest advantage even in geography they reduce the map but history wise still they preserve 50 marks only thing ancient places where I think up in the thing has ever nearly 20 map places are there plate each map places nearly 10 to 15 points are there you have to work ancient wise I will concentrate on what map because nothing to study ancient except Buddhism Jainism Indus valley Vedic age ancient wise description is very less so your your mind will be diversified to study map also this is one of the biggest advantage do you know map wise 35 minutes you can easily complete it which place hint right place hint right and no need to write it's like a descriptive just an idea that my point right so this is what you are about the map reading wise this is a first to question but second question wise is very easy you just to go through what is the second question ancient media history wise no question is new yeah what is the question do you agree ecological factor influence the flow and above the harp and civilization mean decline of harp and civilization what are the different causes do you agree ubanisad principle embody the high point of Vedic religion yes analyze the significance and indigenous development of post-morian art do you know Gandhara school Mathura school Amaravati this is what 15 more questions you can write at least 45 mark percentage of mark in this but my intention is 40 15 45% means nearly is 6 marks my intention is to get 8.5 marks 9 marks so syllabus is not new question you can't say I don't couldn't understand the question answer you can write something in that it is not technical things you know need of the things then only I can study from the no need to study from beginning in the case of history this is what right a Kautilya every question you know and do you consider Sultan Ilkut means to be the real founder of deli's what is the sultanate period then different categories of Persian literature during deli sultanate Babur success again Ibrahim Lothi in the first battle Panipat why did Babur get victory against Ibrahim Lothi in first Panipat so question is not new syllabus is not new studying but still history wise many fear because you know many thinking history stuff yes when you will consider your topic stuff means when you study well of the topic then only you consider the negatives I'm right when you don't know a subject you will always consider the topic is water easy this is a mentality for example if the student is a mechanical engineer graduate mean would you take mechanical engineering you will think hundred times why it is tough why you four years you studied with what one mechanical it does not mean that it is tough you know me negative negatives keep it in mind if you knew a subject negatives very easy to convert into water positive if you don't know anything about the subject first you have to understand water negative first of all then you have to make the negative into water positive that's why for example if I ask tell me about me sir you are very good person not more than one-hour mate tell me about your sister that girl always would torture me sir because you are with your sister for 20 plus years daily you are interacting with your sister not only the best thing you also know the negatives when you come to know negative of the subject when you interact with the subject study a subject very well normally this is the biggest issue for the beginners if many if consider that your subject is easy how the subject is easy means some would syllabus is small how do you know subject is easy whether you studied the subject no no but I feel subject is easy how they can't answer this is what in the case of our optional subject when let us go through these things let me tell in dates wise year wise leave it to me I will give few dates and year in class notes that alone you study apart from that in book don't study any other thing instead book you study story for example if you study a story or Mahabharata I mean so many characters come are coming would you remember all the character but you do know the story this is the method I will give attend I will do some years but among the some year I will ask you to underline few year that year you have to report so year wise fact wise don't concentrate in book confined to our class so listen out of eight coasting listen one two three four five six seven eight how would you choose is important keep it in mind one five compulsory you can't make it as a choice so one and the five how many question out of five how many question you must answer five among the five two questions are what compulsory remaining how many question three how the UPSC says mean at least from one part you have to choose one question at least from one part means you can choose among the three either one for example I choose this one so I next at least from here you have to choose what one so I choose remaining how many question one but how many questions are left if we two is there four is there six is there what is there seven among that it is enough to answer so always keep one and five compulsory no other go 50 marks if you missed it you are losing score among the remaining things anyone is compulsory one one question any of the choice for example no sir I don't like three I like to do it I like this one not eight means for question among that three and for six and eight anyone is enough this is the method of answer right thank you


HPC Dodgers radio welcome back. I'm your host Jared Carter We are continuing our coronavirus coverage with the best and brightest from the history of black college University Universe of sorts we continue that coverage with the distinguished president of Virginia State University Dr. McCulloch Abdullah Who who made headlines? Last week. That's why he's on video today With a letter a significant letter written to members of the Education Labor Committees of the House and Senate in the US Congress Asking for substantial Investments in HBC use as part of the nation's Coronavirus response so first brother bill to thank you as usual for the time Tell us a little bit about the motivation for that letter the data gathering that you had to do and how you were able As as leadership on the 1890 council of presidents to kind of galvanized ideas around hey We got to make this ask and we got to do it now Right well, thank you first for kind of outlining it came from the council the executive committee of the council of 1890 presidents 19 of the land grant HBCU land grant institutions in the country and I have the pleasure this year of serving as the chair of that executive committee and Me and my colleagues we had an emergency meeting And I got to give my hats off to all of the presidents of the 1890 institutions are particularly Heidi Anderson at UMES Tony Allen Adele where state as any Jenkins West Virginia State University Paul Jones, you know and and all of them, but everybody who's who's on the call who really Sat down and started to think about how can we start to advance the mission of HBC's were more importantly the mission of 1890s Forward and how can we lean on the strengths that we had right and I believe one of the strengths that we have is The 1890 land grant institutions have been solving regional and national needs through teaching research and extension For now almost a hundred over a hundred years And so how can we use that expertise use that leadership to be able to address a very serious problem? And to me the most serious problem is that this corona virus COVID-19 is impacting our community in ways There's far beyond how it impacts the community and the health related risk the economic risk We need our HBCU's front and center Making sure that in this pandemic and in the next that African-Americans don't take the brunt of the pandemic For those who it didn't see it the coverage in the HBCU digest Outline some of the things that you're hoping that Congress will support and and the trajectory will provide not just for the corona virus response But what you kind of visualize for the weeks and months the years after we come out of this thing Sure sure and it was geared towards how do we move forward after the COVID? Emergency is over so the first thing is really for the students is an incredible increase In the Pella ward in the in the letter It was tripling the Pella ward why to make sure that young people are in and young at heart People who don't have the means are incentivized in the in the climate after COVID to come back to college So that should be the real stimulus that we want them to come to college to not pick up debt And to be able to move forward in the new economy I firmly believe that it right now the economic impact in our community is is heavy Many of our students are losing the part-time jobs that they were using to help cover the balance on many of their parents Are some of the first who have lost their jobs in the first economic wave of unemployment? And so how do we make sure that the best and brightest who might not have had the means before? But they were close. It may not be as close as they were. How do we provide a substantial investment in them so that they can go to college? So that was number one Number two is is increasing the technology infrastructure to all of our HBCs How do we make sure that as we have been the nation's leader in providing opportunities four-year? Education opportunities for students. How do we remain that leader in a world that will need that leadership even more in a technology way? And then last but certainly not least again That's this is the project I was talking about before is that our universities our 1890 land-grant institutions have led the way in providing teaching research and extension in agriculture solving regional and national needs across this country for over a hundred years and We have the expertise to do that in other areas as well And if our 1890s our land-grant institutions lead the way in making sure that we address health disparities Involving our other HBCU partners I think that was something that was under under publicized in the letter But we want to make sure that we involve all the public and private institutions in that effort as well We need to make a substantial Impact on making sure the health disparities that the health disparities that challenge us don't end up killing us in this country That's the interesting thing and we were talking before we came on about the complexity of trying to come back and everybody's trying to come Everybody's saying you know we're sick of being in the house and the economy slowed down and there are no jobs and this is rough, but When you think about coming out of it and training those those new professionals in those fields Do you think that there is a concern that to say we don't ever want a pandemic again? That there is a risk of the country or HBCU's or higher education saying alright Everybody looked that way and go become an epidemiologist or everybody looked that way And go you know becoming an economist or something like that. And do you think that that's possible for HBCU's? That they will go with that shift. I Think we'll have to go with this. I think the idea none of us wants to see a pandemic again. That's clear, right? I think this is the disruption to our lives Just love ones Being impacted their health is something that none of us want to see again But we have to be on the forefront of knowing that it will come back This is a part of our new existence And that HBCU's have to lead the way to make sure that the African-American community is protected We have to do for ourselves one of the things I've been saying is that you know COVID COVID-19 does not know race ethnicity or income But our health care system does know race ethnicity and income and the challenges that we face in this country from health disparities Is it from the disease? It is from how we choose to to to to move To move our medical infrastructure and to help those who who needed most and so we've got a we've got to step into that gap To make sure that if another pandemic comes that it doesn't do the same thing that COVID-19 is doing A couple of days ago. I read an article in Richmond. We're in Petersburg right outside of Richmond But in Richmond a hundred percent of the people who have died from the corona virus have been African-American And so what are we going to do about that? And that and that was the impetus of how me and my colleague kind of sat around and thought about it Said what can we do to help? What can the 1890s do to help? What can HBCUs do to help? You keep hearing all of these reports about and surveys from Perspective students saying, you know, I paid a down payment I was ready to go to school and now I'm not sure if I'm gonna go or you know As you mentioned mom and dad or mom or dad lost a job. I'm not sure if I can afford to go Is it the responsibility of the HBCU because we're already at the fringes before this thing started a lot of us Is it a responsibility for the HBCU to figure out how to make that possible for the students? Or is it that we are ready to embrace a student that even comes close to Having some of the resources to be there and then just say get in here. We'll we'll take care of the rest later Well, I think that there there are always to me, there's that there are five Groups that are responsible for making sure that that are underrepresented or educated, right? So it's the students and their parents is one The universities we have a responsibility The state government federal government and philanthropy Private philanthropy I believe in this particular gap as the united states of america is looking to Use its resources to provide stimulus in different areas to make sure that the economy Doesn't fall apart that in that way that it must also provide stimulus to make sure that the young people who are the most Difficult means that they have access to higher education. So I believe that we play as a difficult role Right, we've got to do everything we can to make sure that we embrace and bring back As many of our of our young people as we can but at the same time We can't let state local government Philanthropy off the hook to make sure that they are also investing in what is the next generation of citizens in the united states of america. So We have a healthy responsibility But we also want to be a part of the forefront to make sure that no one Abandons abandons our kids In a time when we need when they need it most one of the things um I think i'm going to start uh asking the presidents and you're going to be the second one to catch this hell Okay, go ahead The hbc was a is a is a unique blend of and most colleges but more so ours of culture And then infrastructure operational infrastructure and integrity right and this this virus is going to impact a lot of that What we do as a people what we do as institutions are going to be forever changed or at least changed for a long time right if you think about The two the two buckets that uh, you know, virginia state operates on a virginia state culture and virginia state operations Which one out of those two buckets are the two items that keep you up at night and say You know shoot man. I don't I don't know what this is going to look like, you know in a year or two Oh, wow. Wow. No, I think this is the great disruptive, right? So I think the easy answer is it all keeps me up I think the challenge is how do we as leaders? Not just lead through this crisis, but Do the best we can to predict what the world will look like after so that we can prepare our universities For that world, right? So I don't I don't believe that any of our institutions HBC use pwis The movie theater restaurants I don't believe any of the institutions that currently exist will be the same after kovat 19 And then it's imperative on all of the leaders to try to make sure that they position Themselves and position their universities for the future Um One of the great quotes that I've heard is that you know, we're all in the same storm, right? But we're not all in the same boat, right? And so even though the all the other universities we're all thinking about some of the same things and how we Protect the resources from our institution and provide a legacy for the next 100 or so 150 years for our institutions Um, our hbc us are in a very different boat than some of the other institutions And our cultures are built around a a family environment that is very much face-to-face Um, it's very much an environment of love and an interaction together Uh, and we have a healthy challenge trying to figure out how we move forward in the near future And if we don't come back Fully face-to-face in the fall how we navigate forward in the fall As a different kind of hbcu without the traditional trappings of our universities Talk about the challenge of of trying to balance the the institution's interests as a business as a cultural center and The role to trying to come back with that of peter'sburg etric Of you know, the rva region of virginia at large because sometimes those interests are not all of the same And you only, you know, can can showcase expertise on all right. Here's my campus and here's my city So how do you how do you balance what you're hearing from? You know You know the governor's office and the health department's office versus what you know to be true What you know to be not true In etric and virginia state Oh You know, we are I am you know, I live in peter'sburg. We are in peter'sburg We are of peter'sburg We are of etric and thank you. Of course. I know you've got history here in and around virginia state So, you know etric in peter'sburg. You said all the right phrases. I love it I'm a son of virginia state. I just didn't go That's right. That's right. That's right. I mean, but we we are in the community and so the community is Some that's very important to us the ties that virginia state has to peter'sburg and to etric as you know They are not trivial ties. They are long lasting Long-form ties And and it and it means a lot to us As such, you know, we are as As committed to making sure that the community is healthy And that the community bounces back and we think the number one thing that has to happen in order for that to happen This virginia state has to be healthy and has to bounce back. So We are how should I say we are we are selfishly community driven We have to do what it takes to make sure that the vsu has a long and vibrant future In in and through this crisis In order to have an impact on the community the way we like to have an impact The the hbc presidents have a really um Tightening group I would imagine some people could see that you know If you pay attention on social media and things but you guys regularly communicate Um and bounce ideas and feedback off each other and support each other What's the what's the conversation been like amongst you guys now? Considering that some of us are rural campuses. Some of us are metropolitan. Some of us are land grants. Some of us are Our private some of us are church affiliated Some of us are not how do you how we what kind of feedback are you getting or what's the what's the mixing bowl? Like now when you when you share experiences and feedback When so many different interests are involved I'll tell you this much. I mean I I really appreciate my colleagues in time like this Um Again, there is some comfort knowing that everyone is in the same storm. You see the same things You're you're dealing with some of the same challenges of trying to make sure you keep students safe I try to make sure you keep your faculty and staff safe getting the work done while you're on campus The incredible job that our faculty and staff and and and students have done migrating to a remote instruction environment Uh cancelling commencement For our students So it has been a great camaraderie in knowing that myself and my colleagues are going through some of the same Challenges and issues, but again, as I said earlier We're all in the same storm, but we're not in the same boat. There are certainly some things that are different Across institutions. A lot of my friends are at private Uh, and they have a different kind of challenge than they say a state run Uh institution has and so we are supporting each other through this I don't know if I could make it without them And I would say the same for my virginia conference. We meet the council of presidents in virginia meets meets every week And that interaction and that camaraderie has also been very uplifting to me this is This is probably one of the biggest disruptors in higher education That we may ever see in our lifetime The idea that every single institution in the country went to remote instruction in less than a week Is incredible and phenomenal and what does it mean? For the future, right? So You raised a good point because You know Four months ago, we would have never have thought that We would have never have thought that, you know, some of these professors ain't going for that That's it, you know, we're we're thinking that but you know, it's weird how crisis can bring out the best in people But do you think that that establishes a new threshold? For expectations of the hbcu in terms of flexibility because a lot of people When they have critiques of our schools, they'll say they're very inflexible. They don't want to do Too much that's new. They don't want to do too many things that are innovative. Do you think this sets a new standard for people to say? Well, hell, yeah, they are pretty flexible. They can do what they want to do And does that when we come back does that does that invite a new level of scrutiny for institutional or president or four cabinet? You know, I'll say it the other way. I think necessity is certainly the mother of invention uh, and I think that This has created the kind of challenge That is an overall university challenge, right? This is a this is the kind of challenge that the faculty the staff students the alums Everybody can kind of rally around. It's a very simple and straightforward enemy that we're trying to fight Which is we're trying to keep everybody safe from the coronavirus Uh, and so it has allowed us, I think to be more flexible more in tune to work closer together It is in that way. There's a great silver lining in the in the Cooperation and collaboration that I've seen across campus by far. They're you're right They're folks who said they would never go and they're there and they're doing a great job at Now there are a lot of people who are doing things that they wouldn't believe that they would do Because the love for the students is real, right? And that's that's really what's been driving I think a lot of a lot of stuff but to your question Will it will it put more pressure on us to adapt and evolve? Yes But I think we're prepared for that because now we've seen it, right? I mean the institution has seen that if we want to do something that we have the ability to adapt and evolve And so I think it it puts more pressure on us, but also it's kind of exciting And then the final question and brother we we always appreciate you here, man Um, I think it's black men. We always, you know, hope for the best and prepare for the worst um What does what do we know what the worst looks like and we don't have to say it But what does the best look like for virginia state? What does a healthy Safe reopening look like or what does it even what does a timeline even look like? So let me say this first. We are at virginia state We are preparing for every single scenario. We want to open up face to face I want the students back on campus. Um, I miss them. I know they miss campus We want to have the the homecoming and all of the events and and and be Who we are with a better appreciation for it, right? Because we lost temporarily So we want to get it back and have a better appreciation But we're preparing for every eventuality. We don't know where we'll be in the fall We're preparing for everything. We're going to keep our plans plan a plan b plan c plan d And continue to collect data throughout the summer So that we can make the best decision the best health decision For our students. I will not put our young people at risk That's not I wouldn't I wouldn't be able to to live with myself with that happen So we're going to do everything we can to make sure everybody is safe and follow all of the rules The state rules and the federal rules to do that now to answer your question now I'm going to answer it a little differently. What's the best for virginia state? The when when this is over When the corona virus is gone and no one's worried about it anymore Everybody's enrollment is going to go up because everybody's going to want to get out of the house right Every football game is going to be packed and that's going to be the best homecoming that virginia state university ever had We'll probably have uh, three hundred and seventy five thousand people Right On campus, right? I mean because everybody will be tired of seeing each other on zoom and they'll want to see each other in person in person right and For me, that's the best That's the excitement. That's what I'm waiting. We don't know when we're going to get there. We don't we don't know if that's 2020 We don't know if that's 2021 But that day will happen and all of our campuses will be jumping and everybody will be back And it'll be a beautiful thing. And so I'm um I have a lot of hope that that's good. I don't know when it's going to happen But I know that it will and our job is to stay as As as safe as possible until then so that as much of as many of our campus community can experience that wonderful day


Hello, everybody. I have a bit of a cold, so I apologize in advance for any sniffing. So, yes, my name is Nico Schouten, I work for Metabolic, and I will first very briefly introduce who Metabolic is, what we do and why we do it, and then how we do it. And then in the end, I will discuss two case studies of where we've actually implemented our way of working. So first, who are we? Metabolic is a consulting and ventures building firm based in Amsterdam. We are around 40 people from a very multidisciplinary background, and our goal is to transition the world's economy towards a sustainable state. And we do that in three ways. So we have the Metabolic ecosystem, one part is the consulting branch, one part is the ventures branch and one part is the think tank. And what we do in these different branches, I will shortly discuss now. So in the consulting branch, we provide insights to municipalities, governments and companies on how the material flows are actually flowing throughout their entire process and where they can best intervene. And then gaining knowledge from our consulting, we implemented knowledge into our ventures and think tank branches. The ventures is actually our own startup factory where we take the knowledge that we feel is lacking in the world and implement it into new companies. An example is Spectral, which is a company focusing on smart energy grids where people can exchange energy via blockchain technology. And the other one is the think tank where we actually do in-depth research together with knowledge institutes and our main goal of the think tank is to connect, investigate and to design. Working with also like generating knowledge which we feel is lacking within the circular world at the moment. So why are we doing this? I will go through this really briefly because of the feeling there are a lot of experts at this table but we live in exponential times. Over the past few decades, the amount of consumption materials has been growing exponentially and as you can see it's not just population or the amount of materials we consume but also the amount of CO2 we emit. And having this exponential growth curve means that we actually can reach tipping points and these tipping points means that at a certain point we have consumed so much that the current ecosystem is no longer usable or it can no longer be used in the same way as we are used to. And to assess these tipping points we use the planetary boundaries which actually are nine boundaries which you can pass and then create the tipping point to create this system which is no longer sustainable or usable. So how it works, the center, in the green area you're actually very good in the go. But then when you come between the orange and the red line you are reaching the tipping point. So you can come close to this problem where you have disrupted the ecosystem that you're living in. So for instance, we have the climate change and we've all heard the 1.5, the 1.2 degrees Celsius rise. So if we were to reach those 1.2 degrees we would actually reach the red boundary and then cross it which would mean that the ecosystem as we know it no longer works. And trying to assess all these different parameters on a constant basis with all the interventions and sustainability we propose. Sustainability intervention we propose. We try to make sure that we can actually curve those growth curves down and make sure that the ecosystem as we know it can be used on a more continuous basis. And we think that the circular economy is a method or a system we can use to actually get back within these planetary boundaries and grow the curve. So we see the circular economy not as a goal, but as a means. And to make sure that we keep within the planetary boundaries we have derived our own system of the seven pillars of the circular economy. Because for us the circular economy means not just material flows but also focusing on energy and water and biodiversity. Because if we were to just focus on material but with recycling or the closing of material loops you would use so much more energy or so much more water then we're not really building towards this more sustainable future. The same with biodiversity and what we think is also very important because we're talking about economy so also about people is that we think also about human culture, health and value beyond financial to make sure that with every step we take we don't forget the people living in our urban metabolistic cities. So why do we focus on cities? We believe that cities are a huge leverage point. So globally only 3% of all the land services occupied by cities but they are responsible for 75% of all our material consumption and responsible for between 60 and 80% of all CO2 greenhouse emissions. So if we can tackle cities then we've tackled such a big part of the problem that we are almost there. So to start thinking about the economy we need to transform our cities we need to redesign our cities and we need to think differently about how we plan our cities. But how do you translate all these goals into very clear actions and that's what we've been focusing on over the past seven years as a company with our own methodology. We like to use a four step approach. So we start by where are we now having the current state analysis of a city then going to where do we want to go as a city? So what's the goal? What's the point on the horizon we want to work towards? Then how do we get there? What interventions can we use to actually take the first steps? And then once we have the interventions we need to start taking action. So how can we create business cases for local businesses but also for municipalities to get started on this transition? And we do these type of assessments through all layers of the city so all the way from buildings to regional to the regional scale. So going a bit more in depth into this process when we start with the current state analysis it can look something like this. This is a material flow analysis we did for Rotterdam where on the left we can see all the flows that go into the city. So the energy, the food, the consumption, the building material, the health, the medicines and then what's coming out of the city. So all the water, the mineral waste, the building waste. But what we think is most important is to see where this waste is actually going. So what's happening with the waste? So it can be recycled or it can be incinerated. And then when we look at these material flows we can also take it one step further. This is where a project we did in Charlotte in the United States where you can actually see all the waste that has a very high landfill capacity so that a lot of the waste is actually being put into the ground. We can also make spatial MFAs to see where within a city several material sources can be found and doing it this way you can start thinking about making decentralized building hubs to actually close the material loops on a more decentralized scale. And having a look at the supply and demand. So this is a scan we did based on the building calendar for a city in the Netherlands where you could see for each year the amount of materials that would be needed to go into the city to build all the new materials and all the materials that would be released due to the construction projects. So in this way we create very clear guidelines for all the city officials to make sure that if they want to have completely circular buildings or if they want to build with just waste material they will need to find a different source because they don't have enough within their own ecosystem. Another project we are working on is the repair project it's together with the AMS Institute in the TU Delft which focuses on bio-based material flows within the metropolitan region of Amsterdam. And this is an interactive chart which real life shows how material flows go through the city go in and out and within the city so that if you want to start a circular business case and you want to start working with this type of materials where they are and how to interact with these material flows then once we've created this current state so you know where you are at this moment we can start thinking about vision and KPIs and these vision and KPIs we do this according to our own seven pillar framework so that you know within every project that you do you're not just thinking of the material but also of the energy and also of the people because we believe that's necessary to create a holistic and more sustainable future and to make all these interventions measurable we work with key performance indicators so that with every decision that you make you don't just have a good feeling about it but you can also really measure the impact of the decisions you make and also how these decisions and interventions contribute to your overall goal so your vision in the long run and this is another example and then once you know these key performance indicators and the point on the horizon where you want to go we can start thinking about interventions and what we think is really important is that these interventions are matched to the amount of material you have but also the type of material and the scale that you're working on different interventions work for the spatial level or the spatial planning or for the built environment or even the building level and also within a city it's important to look at typologies and the type of people there because maybe in a very urbanized dense city center the same type of intervention doesn't work as more on the borders of the city and what is of course most interesting is to see how the different needs of these people can maybe link with each other so how the city center can deliver to the more urban rural part and vice versa and then of course the idea that different flows require different scales so it might be possible to have a grey water system within your own home but if you want to start recycling metal packaging it's maybe not even enough to work with the Netherlands as a whole so that's something we also keep in mind to make sure that the interventions you do actually fit the process or the project that you're working on and then we start looking at the impact assessment to make sure that with every intervention that you do you work towards the goal as effective and price efficient as possible so for instance this is a project we did in America again where we have the potential revenue versus the amount of material that's going to land fill now versus the size of the bubble which is the amount of jobs you can create so there you can see plastic a lot of jobs can be created a lot of revenue can be created but on an overall material scale it's not the most so having insight in these key performance indicators gives city officials the possibility to make the decisions that suited to their project and then from that onwards you start working on the business cases we do this always with local stakeholders to make sure that the people who are working there and who will need to take on this business case can play a vital role within this project and in the end we also try to calculate how this business case can actually land and what the revenue will be created for the local context so that's a lot of information and I will try to illustrate it a bit more clearly on two case studies that we've actually done the first one is the Covel which is a polluted piece of land within the city of Amsterdam it used to be a shipyard then in 2006 the municipality 2008, sorry wrote out a competition for people to actually interact with this piece of land and create a sustainable and circular clean-tech playground so we together with two other companies enrolled and we actually won this tender and what we did is we created a with a lot of old houseboats we created a we call it a vertical office space but also a cafeteria where people can actually experience sustainability and circularity and we did a lot of research here on how the floats could work within this plot but also going out from the plot and how this place could be as self-sufficient as possible so we worked with a lot of houseboats which we bought and retrofitted and put on land and now we organize a lot of events there where people who may not be as known with circularity or experience it on a daily level can go and see what it means to live in a more circular neighborhood and experience what it means working with local material flows from the knowledge we gained here we started looking at the surrounding area so the cave was here but then around it is Bayekslotterham which is an area in the north of Amsterdam which is being redeveloped and we worked with a lot of other parties to write a circular manifesto for this piece of Amsterdam because the city of Amsterdam had the ambitions to make one of the most circular sustainable areas of the Netherlands here so taking knowledge we gained from the coval we upscaled it towards this more area development and we worked on a manifest where we gave guidelines for the new people working and living in this area on how circularity should look and how they can incorporate it into their business model from this manifesto we also worked on another development in Bayekslotterham it's the most sustainable floating community in Europe which is actually a lot of houseboats where we went to a very iterative design process together with architects and residents to see how we can create and design such a sustainable and floating community and from this building process and actually this tendering process we worked on a tendering document for the municipality of Amsterdam so that now every time they do a new building project they have guidelines on how they can actually tender their ground and have circular tendering guidelines I think this is a very nice example of how a very small project on a very local scale generated knowledge which through a very long process could be scaled up to a city level and now has a very high impact on how the city of Amsterdam actually expresses their goals towards the future and then another project we just finished I already mentioned it quite a few times is circular charlotte charlotte is a city in the United States and what we did there is we looked at all the material waste coming from the city so just the waste going out and what we see is that quite a lot of the waste is plastic and almost all the waste is currently being land filled and of course that's really a shame if we're thinking about waste from a circular perspective so what we did there is we looked at all these material flows and at the value creation and the possible renovues that revenues that could be created with these materials and we did stakeholder workshops and with any stakeholder workshops we created five business cases where we calculated how and what the municipality would have to do to actually implement these business cases so for instance one is a concrete recycling chain because in the next few years a lot of the material of the pavements within the city were to be renovated so we said well if you invest in this now you can create a lot of jobs and you have a very vital role in the ecosystem not just of your city but also of building processes around it another one was about upcycling food because now a lot of the food was being composted but actually a lot more high value solutions could be found for this another one was about material innovation and how the municipality could stimulate local entrepreneurs with this material innovation hub and especially this last one I think is really nice because this is the barn it's an existing barn within Charlotte where we're working on now together with the municipality and architects to create this ecosystem where local entrepreneurs can come learn about ecosystems learn about material innovation but also invite citizens to experience what circularity means and how they can interact with it in their own lives and from all these five business cases all these five business cases are actually currently being implemented which means that we can deviate 150,000 tons of waste on a yearly basis in the city and generate a huge amount of jobs so that the city can actually boost their own local economy thank you


Control Point is being captured Hellooooooooooo! Let's go! Thanks for the teleporter! Thanks for the aid!


Roger Hansen is currently the planning group chief at the Provo Area Office of the Bureau of Reclamation where he has worked as a civil engineer and a planner for over 30 years. His principal professional interest is the application of real-time monitoring and control technologies to water districts and canal companies in the inner mountain west. Additionally, his colleagues in here working to bring water and power to Navajos living in very remote locations. Roger Hansen. I'm a technophobe at this, so I think I came to the wrong conference. I may do this without a PowerPoint. Should I try it again? Okay. I had a joke, but it was visual, so I can't start out with my big number here. My presentation is, what if Joseph Smith Jr. had lived longer and how might that have changed the LDS cosmic view, that we have today? My name's Roger Hansen as they pointed out. I've worked 35 years for the Bureau of Reclamation in Provo, Utah. We're in the water resource business. I'm a fifth generation Mormon, although I'm currently not active. I blog at a website called Tired Road Warrior. So if any of you get the idea that you want to have a conversation, feel free to log in. I write under the name of our Dennis Hansen because some people work have complained that they didn't want my opinions associated with the organization. So if you see an R. Dennis Hansen in the newspaper, that's me. Historians love to play what if games. It gives them a chance to make wild speculations. Some of the subjects that historians have discussed include what if the South had won the Civil War? What if D-Day had been a failure? What if the Marcian heresy triumphed over Christian proto-Orthodoxy? Along these same lines, I've frequently wondered how the LDS church might be different today if its founder and first president had lived longer. Benjamin E. Park makes the following observations about Smith's unfulfilled earthly mission. To quote, he says, Joseph Smith's premature death at age 38 presented the completion of his religious revolution. Though he had been the recognized prophet one later for nearly a decade and a half, the explosive theological development during his last three years showed no sign of slackening. And it can be assumed that much of, and it can be assumed that much of his religious vision was left unfulfilled, unquote. Three months before his martyrdom, Smith delivered his most compelling oration, the King Follett Discourse. In it, he started to develop Mormon theology of theosis. Included, according to Wikipedia, quote, Mormons believe that humanity may not, excuse me, Mormons believe that humanity may not only be given, that humanity may not only be given God's holiness and perfection, but also his essential divinity and godhood. This doctrine stems from the movements founder, Joseph Smith, Jr., who taught that God the Father is an advanced and glorified man. According to Smith, through the obedience to Christ and the gradual acquisition of knowledge, the faithful may eventually become God's in the afterlife. Since Joseph Smith's death, his doctrine of divination is morphed into the possibility of the worthy having an opportunity to terraform. The idea was recently brought to the forefront in the wildly successful Broadway musical, The Book of Mormon. In the song, I believe, Elder Price intones, I believe that God has a plan for us all. I believe that plan includes me getting my own planet. I don't know how many of you have seen it. It's coming to town. I enjoyed it, but if you can't handle a crudity, I suggest you not go. The publicity surrounding this concept, mostly derisive, must have been partly responsible for the timing of the recent quasi-official LDS encyclical title, Becoming Like God. While the LDSS say it's generally appealing, it is unnecessary in its present form. For my point of view, it's overly defensive about the human potential and about getting your own planet. To quote from the encyclical, quote, while few Latter-day Saints would identify with the character of having your own planet, most would agree with the awe inspired by creation hints at its collective potential for the eternities. I think I murdered that one, unquote. The timing and defensive nature of the 2014 Divination Essay seems unfortunate. At the time when scientists are beginning to comprehend the vastness and diversity of the universe, there will never be a time to be defensive about in the future anyway, about our belief in an unlimited potential of both mortals and post mortals, including the derivative idea of getting your own planet. The important points of Joseph Smith's cosmological view are more timely than ever now. Reporting on a massive telescope system in the Chilean Highlands, a system that scientists hopes will allow astronomers to see back almost to the first moments after the universe was formed. A National Geographic author ends his article with the following almost spiritual statement. On an arid plateau, a few miles from where shepherds once slept, our eyes will open upon an unseen universe. Instead of overreacting to Christian fundamentalism, Mormonism needs to highlight the beauties of its cosmic views. Having said that, I cannot help but wondering how the 2014 encyclical might have been different if Smith had lived longer and been able to fine tune his divination theology. Here are four of my wild speculations. I believe that if Joseph Smith had lived longer, the nature of God, particularly the issue of whether he is progressing, would be better understood. The 2014 LDS essay ignores this issue. However, crows from Brigham Young indicate a strong belief that God the Father, and everyone and everything is eternally progressing. However, this idea was rudely discounted, and I say rudely, by Bruce R. McConkie. He wrote an extremely nasty letter to Eugene Englund. But on this issue, Eugene Englund and I side with Young. If Joseph Smith had lived longer, the idea of eternal progression would be given a stronger emphasis. John A. Woodstow, who was an apostle who died in 1954, was a strong advocate for the doctrine of eternal progression. He likened it to organic evolution. He tied it to the need for continued personal advancement in both spiritual and secular matters. Woodstow saw everything as being in a state of flux, much like modern day process philosophers and theologians. I suspect that if Woodstow were alive today, he'd be very interested in attending a conference like this. If Joseph Smith had lived longer, the question of whether Mormons or Polytheists would be better understood. The section on this issue in the 2014 LDSSA is sketchy at best. It deals largely with the relationship between the father and son, but does not deal with God's relationship, or with God's spouse, and with the future status of his other children. And fourth, if Joseph Smith had lived longer, the role of the mother in heaven would be better recognized and understood. I think that Smith would have eventually received revelation on her existence and role, but while Smith may have been able to illuminate the role of the mother in heaven, it seems unlikely he would have solved Mormonism's current feminist problem. Smith, like Young, was very much a product of his own time, and it probably wasn't time for a redefinition of women's roles. Smith's untimely death left a lot of questions related to theosis unresolved, and the LGS church is having difficulties answering them all. The leadership is trying, but questions remain, but for me it's fun to play what if games. Richard Butchman made the following comment about the church's 2014 encyclical. The posting defines a boundary of what we truly believe and also tries to make it as appealing as possible. It sort of puts the caricature of Mormons owning their own planet in perspective. In a way, it dismisses it, but it goes on to say this is a respect for the powers of God in creation and suggests that we may have a part in it. I guess I'd say hooray for Bushman. It is critical that we all understand the enormous potential that humanity has, both here on earth and in the hereafter.


I really like the way horses feel when I get them out of their bit and out of their bridle. And maybe the truth comes out a little bit about what the horses really know. Are they really going off of your seat? It's an interesting thing. How much hands do we need to ride with when we ride horses? So I'm using my hands, but I'd like to get to where I don't need much at all. Good, feels good. Feels pretty nice. Doesn't have to be perfect in one day. Just has to be better. Good. I like to feel her reach up, stretch up, just kind of sucking back a little bit. I want to see those ears come up. Come on, ears. Get a little life in there. If those ears don't come up, I might just come up to cancer. That'll get those ears up. So I want my horse arcing forward, stretching forward.


Appalachian Wireless now has new forward pay pricing where you can pay up front and get the data and features you design. 5GB of data, just $39.99, unlimited, just $79.99. Better service, bigger savings, that's today's Appalachian Wireless. John Russell Hall's criminal record extends back to at least the mid-1990s and includes two felony convictions and a handful of misdemeanor convictions. His record also includes the dismissal of several other cases and all total Hall's record includes relatively little jail time. Many have expressed outrage that Hall's criminal record has not been handled more harshly, but Pike County Attorney Howard Keith Hall told me this week that even considering John Hall's prior criminal offenses, there was no way to predict that he would eventually kill a police officer. According to the booking log at the Pike County Detention Center, John Russell Hall, the man accused of murdering Pikeville police officer Scotty Hamilton, has been booked into the jail 19 times since 1995. But that does not mean Hall has 19 criminal cases in his court file. According to court documents since 1995, Hall has been arrested seven times on misdemeanor charges. Two of those charges involved assault allegations stemming from private complaints. Pike County Attorney Howard Keith Hall said this week that those complaints were resolved to the complainant's satisfaction, including one dismissal at the request of the complainant. When checking into those, those were private citizen complaints taken out by private citizens. No police officer filed those charges. Those charges are the type of charges that are usually worked out in court. Both those, the complaining witness or the person that brought the charges, showed up. One of them wasn't even served till seven months. That's the one on the ex-wife, or the current the wife, I guess I should say. They were back together. That weren't even served until eight months after the charges were taken. She didn't think to come down and ask to drop the charges. The warrant will serve later. And those charges were ultimately dismissed in open court, and there's a video. I've replayed even the video of the court proceedings. She showed up in open court and asked the judge to drop the charges. Of the other misdemeanor charges, they include two alcohol intoxication arrests. Two DUI arrests, and a marijuana cultivation case in 1995 in which John Russell Hall was convicted. All but six of Hall's other arrests were for either probation or parole violation, failure to appear in court or failure to pay fines, or contempt of court charges. No information was available on three arrests, and the final three were felony charges that were prosecuted in circuit court, or as in the case of Hamilton's murder, are currently in circuit court. County Attorney Howard Keith Hall said the charges John Hall had already faced in district court do not and did not warrant long jail or prison sentences. But those cases were prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. My office as a county attorney only prosecutes misdemeanor and small violations. The cases that John Hall had for us 15, 25 years ago were not drug trafficking charges. They weren't charges involving any type of felonies. The cases my office has are merely misdemeanors. Maximum jail time my office can prosecute would be one year in jail. And it's been almost 10 years since he's even been here. So far as my office is concerned, there's no way he could have been held in jail on anything that we had as a misdemeanor. The county attorney added however that if he could have predicted where John Hall's alleged criminal activity would lead, he would have done everything in his power to stop him. How you can predict someone that gets drunk in public, treat them like a cop killer. I don't know. But if anybody knows how we should change the way we do things, let us know. Come look at the file with me. I've heard 19 charges. We found nine, seven small district court cases that I prosecuted, two more serious cases that Rick Barley prosecuted in the last eight years. John Russell Hall was indicted this week in Hamilton's murder. In that case, as with most felony cases, will now be handled in Pike Circuit Court by the office of Pike Commonwealth's attorney, Rick Barley. In Pikeville, Chris Anderson, EKB News.