I thought we might have some folks that have been working in the law. Alexander is at Twitter as their general counsel. Formerly, he was at Google, and among his other accomplishments, he wrote the Google book settlement documents, or was one of the lawyers involved in that. And whether you agree with that or not, as Larry Nesset said, it's an amazing piece of lawyer, really well done. And then Professor Barry, as I said before, is a past president of the American Association of Law Libraries, one of the noted experts on legal research and how to do it. He's taught generations of students at Bolt Hall. And I ask him to speak today about lawyers and access to the law. What is it the lawyers want? Are there impediments? What do they think of these general concepts? And so I will turn it over to you folks, and you can decide who goes first. Yeah, I'll go first, and I'm going to be shorter. I think that the, so how many of you are in-house legal practitioners? I think I might be the only one. Lawyers who are in-house, yeah, I think I'm the only one. So I think that's part of why Carl wanted me to talk, which is just, I think we talk a lot about the cost as being prohibitive for something like Westlaw or Alexis for nonprofits. Certainly, people know a lot about that. We talk about it in the government space, that it's often prohibitive. Of course, the academic space, you all have got great deals, so you don't have to worry about that. Feel insensitive. And no one has any concern for people at law firms, so we can sort of leave them out of it. But one of the realities of in-house, particularly small in-house practice, and you look at a lot of the companies that are in the legal headlines today, other than some of the bigger ones like Facebook. But you look at a script or any of the little user-generated content sites that actually, a lot of their businesses, the law is quite important to them. The law influences them in a big way. And those legal departments are likely either zero people or one person. And the budgets are very, very small. So to give you an example, when I started Twitter, I was the only lawyer there. And we were looking at subscribing to Westlaw. The first quotation we got from them was $5,000 a month. We said, come on, please, please, please. And they said, OK, the magic word gets you, I think, to like $3,000 or $1,000 a month. We did get it down. And we did try to get the like, come on. You don't want to say Twitter is using you? Said with discount. Which works sometimes. Yeah, keep telling people that when they ask about Twitter, we've engaged with a bunch of nonprofits that our first job with respect to nonprofits is making it so that we are not one. Because currently, we are, and we would like to not be. But the choice at the end of the day, for me, it was not cost-effective to have access to K-Slaw, which is kind of crazy when you think about an attorney at a company that's not sort of poor. But there just was no way for me to justify as to the other expenses that I had, a subscription to one of those services. And the biggest thing that I would be using it for, because obviously, if you're in house, you do rely a lot on outside counsel for a lot of stuff. But you look at keeping up to date on cases in your area of either expertise or your forced knowledge is very, very hard to do on a small budget. Understanding some of the essays and scholarship on it is actually easier, because so much of that is now published in terms of blogs or even on Twitter. But actually, getting access to the underlying primary materials remains difficult, especially some of the state or other types of materials. And getting access to them in a timely way, in a way that you can rely on the content, in a way that you can discuss with your attorney, your outside attorney, in terms of the particular paragraph or whatever that you want to talk about in terms of case. All of that stuff is hard. So it's one of the many reasons why I've been very happy to see Carl leading the charge here. One of the things I want to talk about from the Twitter perspective is the focus on the timeliness of some of this information and the incredible opportunity for even a short amount, a short lag of time, to be destructive in terms of the value of the information. And the easiest example that came to my mind, at least, was a case that would have an impact on the stock value of a company. And of course, those cases, there is a tremendous premium on getting those cases quickly and understanding them. And even a three or four-hour line would be a very big deal there. So the more we can do to actually get the case law into the hands of people who can dissect it, analyze it, parse it, spread it, the better. And that's certainly something that we at Twitter have learned in terms of the value of really, really timely information, even if it's short. The last thing I would say is that in the even if it's short category is that, certainly, Twitter isn't in the legal case business. You couldn't sit, most legal decisions, in between the dangerous, dangerous thing. But I have been talking with some folks about the way in which both governments and lawyers and courts have been using Twitter to spread information about their cases. And if you think about this from a code perspective, you could even imagine that a statute would actually have a Twitter account so that it could tweet out when an interesting revision happened. And yeah, this is not that different from an RSSB except for the benefit of being able to be quickly retweeted and passed to the people that are for which the update will be important. That all leads to questions. In a way, I feel as if I'm a visitor from another time. When we started teaching advanced legal research, it was 1982. And one of the things that concerned me was that people were not interested in the legitimacy of the information that they used and that they didn't have a global understanding of how it was assembled and what a judicial opinion really was and what a statute was or code compilation or administrative rule regulation. Obviously, the world has entirely changed, but I think one of the things to directly answer the question that was posed. The law students that I see and we teach advanced legal research at Berkeley, Michael Levy, who's here, and Kathleen Bannon, and April and I do it. This year between the two semesters, we had about 160 students. So we're seeing half of the Berkeley law students as they go through. And what they look for right now is they want something that they can rely on, something that they can trust. And back in the ancient days when I started out, that was not a question. The question of legitimacy of information was not something that anyone posed. You did not ask if the book of reports was legit or durable or the code that you were using or the administrative report that you were reading or loosely serviced. The idea that it wasn't legitimate, authenticated, durable, didn't occur. They were actually legitimate questions and I challenged some publishers at the time. By the way, I should say, if I stumpled across this, I'm not working for any publisher. I've worked for them all. That's all right, but no more. So, I think that unthinking legitimacy, and that's something I've tried to play with in my work and in my teaching and in my thinking. What is it that creates that feeling of trust that you can use a product and that you believe that it has given you a definitive answer, that it's really holding the bag in the end. If something goes wrong, then you did the right stuff to take yourself to that source and employ that source. Dan Dabney calls it research psychosis. He says that what Alexis and Westlaw have done to a lot of law students is they've made them psychotic when it comes to research because there isn't a single place to go and look for something. Now there's two. When I started out, you could shepherd eyes and you were safe and even if shepherd's was wrong, you used shepherd's. It was like an amulet to a vampire and I used shepherd's. What else did you do? Well, I managed to keep sight of it. So, but it's spreading further and further out and so I think that the reality base would, it used to be these sets of books in the library for the typical student now is Alexis and Westlaw because they've got the boots on the ground and they do the first year research training in most law schools. I pose a question. I've used the same template every semester for probably 10 years with a student. More and more recent years. Where I give the students a recent judicial decision and I say go look this up and read it on Alexis, go read it on Westlaw and then find me three free websites where you found the case and what's different about it? Write a book review. Why would you trust one? Why would you not trust one? And so I discredit a whole bunch of these and I got to see them back. I can drive people to use LiI. People use fine law, people use justicia, people use, I mean you name it. But they all, although some of them like the other products, they carry with them this feeling of paranoia that some of the links don't work. I mean I write on the papers, these folks are doing their best. But they can't have the bells and whistles, they don't have the 801 number to call it and they don't have the feet on the ground. I actually, it's funny about two thoughts occurred to me today. One of them is that there's another side to this entire issue and that is those of us who teach people research I think are all over at Bloomberg. Bloomberg is definitely wants to be a player now and given that Michael Bloomberg currently is the prince of New York City now, he gets her role as long as he wants and he has all the money in the world and they're actually starting to put boots on the ground and they wanted to come into our ALR class and they gave out free numbers. So in fact there might be more competition at the high end on this reality base. And I know we're talking about law students and I know we're talking about expensive services that maybe they could punch a deal, give it to you for 3,000 instead of 5,000. But there's high end competition here too. The other question that occurred to me on this legitimacy factor though is I often try to pose questions to myself as when my sons were like eight or 10 years old as they would have posed to me because at heart what Carl is worth your time is a 10 year old's question. That is the government has law and we're all supposed to obey the law so the government should make the law available to us. I mean really, it's a 10 year old's proposition. It's so simple that it's kind of stunning when you think about it in that sense. Why don't they do it? And I think, I really love the article that you gave me that was mentioned this morning about the early reports, the decisions and the reporting. The government in my view, I'm very cynical about this, is never a super responsibility for the production of information about the law. It didn't do it early on. The lower federal courts have never done it. Some states took it up, they left it up. And I guess in a way created a platform, as Tim would have said, by we versus Peters and saying that there's no copyright but they invited into private sector and the private sector just did a better job and made this stuff available and pervasive and beat each other out the market. And you know, I came up with the rule and Ben Croft Whitney was the official reporter in California, you know, got gobbled up and eaten up by the competitioners in the market. And as the government tries to provide information and tries to make it available, it just reaches this incredible nest of problems coming up with, we're solved in paper, universal citation system that everybody understood and you could use in every place. A template for the way a judicial opinion appeared. Standardization of codes and even administrative rules and regulations, even these municipal codes which we work through in ALR, do you see them? You know, and as Eric has said, a lot of them have the same template so that they become much easier to use. I think that that's coming from the outside and I just don't see the energy or the will within the government and given the changing waves of politics, how this is gonna happen. And you also have the problem of judges. I've spoke, you know, I assume if you're lobbying the Judicial Council and various state judiciary areas but judges are God-like figures and they take their roles very seriously and they don't like to do what they're told. And so that each district court's gonna have its own view and the state courts have their own view and they can live in the universe and they're mostly in my generations, you know? Sad to say. And so they tend to have come from a world where they understand the information system and so why should they switch? I've spoken to the national clerks of court, state clerks of court and state court quarters. Incredibly conservative. I mean, they were hostile to me because they thought that I was one of these people who wanted to take away their ability to do everything just the way they wanted to and put some template. This is over in the Great Citation Battles. I think it has to change. I very much agree with the Sector of St. Bohm and eventually time and energy will catch up here but right now what the law students want is someone who's holding the bag and when I had them look at LiI or if they use fine law or anything like that, they didn't feel that that was a place where they could clunk down their nickel and say, I bet my career on this or I totally rely on this. And is it maybe that they should look past some of the glitz and ease of use? Maybe, but it is their perception and I've seen Westlaw next. Is that what they're calling it? I haven't seen Alexis but as everybody probably has here, I mean, it looks a lot like Google. I mean, everybody is moving towards that because they want to be familiar. They want it to be a familiar, reliable, cognitive authority and base. So I remain worried. I cheer you on, truly. I'm not sarcastic. I think Carl is fighting a fight of the just here.  And the Canadians have done a great job fixing this. And I wonder is it just because of the size of the jurisdiction that somebody got everybody organized? Is it because of the different structure of the court systems, different historical traditions? But in the United States, there's been so much investment in an ownership of the way you do things and the way that your information is sometimes courted or guarded or reported or just comfortably produced. Again, Secretary of State Cohen's examples of people just afraid of what might happen and they want to stay with what they know and what they are accustomed to using and that they don't want to change. So they answer the question of what do law students want? And I think most legal research is done by younger lawyers.  But a lot of the people we teach, even if they go to state agencies or non-governmental organizations, research is very heavy in the early years. And the people that are passing through the halls right now are people who do want to use systems that are easy, seamless, but that in their heart they feel they can lean on. And that in the end, the reality base might be they check both Lexis and Westlaw. But I think that they have not, and I don't understand the magic formula that creates a cognitive authority. We make everybody in this room believe if I went to SCOTUS and then linked from SCOTUS to a case, I'm fine. And the last thing I'll say is I was at one of my aha moments was last summer I spoke at the Bob Oakley Memorial Symposium in DC on authentication of information and Tom Goldstein showed up. Who I've been reading about from SCOTUS, all of my students and their assignments there at SCOTUS. And one of the themes of the program was authentication of the information. That's the person who was running the panel said, you know, what's your view? How do you go about authenticating your information? And he said, oh, we don't authenticate anything. That's up. I think the Library of Congress might be doing that. I'm not sure, but that's not what we do. We provide, we get information out there fast and we get up to something a little tight-knit. And, you know, that's for all of the great reputation that it has and the great information to provide, which is not in that business. And so I think that's a huge challenge. And I don't know how you get over that, whether it's popular culture or it's inevitable because of the change in generations, or you're gonna have to sell out state legislatures or you're gonna have to take out ads in the Super Bowl. But you gotta make people believe that some new tool that's gathered together is something that they can rely on and bet that they're... Questions or comments? Yeah, I'm gonna just sort of follow up on that. And I think that, well, a couple of things. First, I think there's a lot of free information right now on the internet, which might not be case law, which is certainly worthwhile. Some things, for example, the SEC documents, which came out. Well, there's a lot of good contract language in there. I know that we were in fine law that we used to use the SEC contracts to negotiate our own deals. And now one CLE, another site that Kentree and our office runs. Lots of contracts all broken down. There's a lease agreement. Now, the part where Roshai's in the house now is being fine law founder used it for doing sort of university licensing, found the actual deal terms, written by really top lawyers. And it's something that's a little bit outside of the scope of case law, but certainly there. So I think that if you look at the internet from a lawyer's practitioner level, there's a lot of things you still can find out there. So you're always gonna sort of use it. The case law part, in the codes, I think the codes could sort of be solved by states or the federal government at some point. It's not as big of a deal, but it certainly needs to be done and be nice to have multiple years for those. It's something that Florida and some states have done, not all the states. But on the case law part, what would be nice would be until they see the federal Pell Accords, the state Supreme Courts put up the final official version of the payment at a minimum. And I think they could do that through the licensing agreements that they're making with these other folks. They didn't have to go through some user license, click through agreement. And I think if they did that, and again, there's a lot of money to spend on litigation. You've got to first you have to get into conflict, and then you've got to hire lawyers, and then you have to file a lease, and you have to argue it, and then you finally get up to an appeal. So lots of free, lots of lots of work. The actual amount of work that I think that it takes to proofread, sort of do the spell checking, the grammar checking help, use Microsoft Word, it does a pretty good job. And then do the cross preferences. And so some of the checking for quotes and things like that. It's really minimal compared to all the amount and the expense of the litigation is taking place. So the question is, how can the courts do that? And I think the courts basically, by controlling what isn't the official opinion, can say to whoever they want to be sort of the official publisher, you're going to give us back an official copy of that opinion. Maybe without the page numbers, maybe without the parallel citations, that that seems to be a big issue. But at least get the official text of the opinion and put it up on the website. And then let folks like us or either people at publicresource.org who download the large tar files, take it and do the markup. And I think other things like citations and stuff can resolve, but at least get the official text of the opinion itself. And that's something which I've not seen. And I'm not sure what your thoughts are on that, but that seems to be the big thing on the case law. Well, I think actually I'd take it further. I mean, it's a 10-year-old problem again. We have Ed Jessen come to talk to her against at a research class. He's the California Record of Decisions. And he talks about how well there's different versions and we have the kind of Lexus, but I think they might scrape off the first one. And then there might be a second one. We're not sure exactly, and if you compare it might not be exactly the same. Now, some of these are tiny differences. They don't really matter very much. But the courts have the whip hand here. I mean, if you could mobilize somehow the judiciary, they could require citation by a paragraph. They could change the entire universe. They could demand whatever they want. The thing is to get them motivated. That's what I see as the basic problem. Very hard to get courts and the court structure. But do you think it would be competent to do that? I mean, do you think that if they were motivated that the government would be competent to actually put up the official payments where you feel like this really needs to be something done by private commercial budget? Well, I mean, to this point, you've only been able to trust commercial budgets. I'm just cynical about the ability of government to operate very well.  But while I'd be happy to vote for governor. I mean, given the track record of the federal government on this and the various state governments as they come and go, I just don't view them as reliable partners to lean on. The other thing you were talking about was even if you've got the same copy of the same opinion, people have this view that Lexus Westlaw are more authoritative. So one of the things that you probably also need is a way for the various websites that are hosting the opinion to mark that their product is the same as the Westlaw Lexus product. Just because I'm authentic? Yeah, yeah. I mean, it's the same problem that I'm sure Crystal talked about in terms of privacy of like, if you can find a badge to say, this is just as good as that other thing, or it's the same ingredients as in Pepsi or whatever it is, right? Yeah, part of your problem there is that paranoia. And you can see that paranoia when you talk about the municipal code or the websites that say, well, this is an electronic representation of the information, but don't take it to the bank if it really counts. We're not holding back on this one. And then they don't even have a paper version. It's just this general paranoia and fear of that. I always feel heartened when I can tell that someone has cut and pasted out of Westlaw onto the web, because I know that at least they got it from that other thing that people paid for. I'm pretty good at that. I actually was on a commission about this about 15 years ago about getting authentic information. I got myself acquainted with the American Law Institute. And I went to the American Law Institute and said, you know, I try to think, what's the most sort of prestigious blue ribbon, nonpartisan organization you can get to the rubric to get the authenticate stuff? Set up a way to authenticate information. And of course, I'm sure it's different now because I stopped going to the meetings, but the board for all sub-deterians and archaic historians, and they all said, well, that's a wonderful idea. I think they're still having that same answer. So I couldn't find me. What we need, someone to authenticate. Someone to just say, yes, this is a version that should be relied upon by everybody. So let me make two points. One that I think is very important is that there's always going to be room for a company that's got boots on the ground, it's got hundreds of lawyers scrubbing the cases and adding value. And that's why I say this really is an opportunity for the established vendors. For authentication. I think that's one of those areas where technology has begun to move along. And when you look at the current system and say, why is it so broken? It's so broken because that's just the way the world has been.  If you look at the federal register, for example, a lot of people have assisted the office of the federal register in their new XML release and they did two things. They made bulk data available for free. It used to be $17,000 a year. But most importantly, they are digitally signing a PDF version of the federal register. Now, that doesn't mean that you have a digital signature on the XML. And if someone uses those words out of the XML and puts them someplace else, maybe it's right, maybe it is, right? You might trust West or Lexus much more. But if you really care, you can go back to the government, call up that PDF and it's been digitally signed and you can verify that that document is the same. And what that's done is produce opportunities for small vendors and nonprofits to work with this material and do things. Maybe someday compete with West, but maybe not. But at the very least, the public interest applications and the nonprofit applications and the legal research applications are possible. Whereas at $17,000 a year for the federal register, they weren't possible. It was out of our price range. So thank you very much. We're gonna move on to our next panel now, which is the technical... Thank you.


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reflections on the G20 and COP26, lots of reflections, lots of international conferences, lots of issues, especially climate change with Carlos Juarez, who is really the host of the show, Global Connections. Hi, Carlos. Hey, great to see you, Jay, always, and to reconnect, of course. And yeah, I mean, an opportunity for us as we often come together to talk story about what's happening in global politics today, Joe Biden returned from a trip to Europe. It took him initially to Rome, the G20 summit meeting, actually the first in-person meeting they've had in a few years since the pandemic. The G20 is, of course, an important forum, brings together many countries, but in many ways, it's overshadowed by what's happening right now, what began a few days ago, this COP26, the Global Climate Summit that's happening in Glasgow in Scotland. And we'll talk a little bit about that and maybe weave into that. An overall view of Joe Biden comes back from Europe, he's obviously going there to apologize and try to win back the trust of our allies and the rest. It's a challenge. And one thing, when you look at the image of the US, while many European leaders will certainly welcome a return to diplomacy and engagement, on the other hand, it doesn't take one to look at American politics and be a little bit both confused and maybe worried, uncertain. We wake up today some rather alarming alarm bells, if you will, in domestic politics here, the shellacking that the Democrats took in Virginia losing a race there that might have been expected to go for the Democrats. My point being that for international observers and for many leaders, they look at US politics and after having gone through the Trump period and now the transition, it remains uncertain what's gonna happen. I mean, we're going into midterms next year that are still unclear, the role of the past president and the like. So I think many look at American politics and remain a little skeptical, maybe welcoming on one hand Biden as just a little bit of the old style, but at the same time also a little bewildered by what they see in domestic politics. But let me ask you, Jay, what's on your mind about looking at this, the US role in the world right now and Biden, what are your thoughts? I think you're right to say that the EU is, the world is skeptical, but I don't think it's a little skeptical. I think it's a lot skeptical. I mean, they read the paper and they see CNN and MSNBC the same way we do. They see the BBC the way we do. Every time I talk to somebody in a far off land, I ask them, are you watching American television?  So they know what's going on here.  And that includes leaders of state who may not be as understanding as Angela Merkel, who was an understanding and tolerant, a good person who can make the distinction. But I think a lot of them are into the real values, the real expectations of their country and their administrations. And they look at Joe Biden and they see a president who can't get anything done, whose every initiative has been swore it. And right now it's, he said he was gonna try to get something done before he made the trip, nothing got done. Now he's back, will anything get done? I think his priorities may be a little bit off the plate and they know it. So if you ask me what kind of influence he had, what kind of success he might have had at these G20 and COP26 meetings, I would say, that people were being diplomatic with him. They were expressing perhaps a little skepticism, but under the hood, it's a lot of skepticism. Yeah, yeah, I mean, again, there's a lot of reasons to be skeptical. There are so many pieces of the puzzle, especially on this issue of climate change and maybe in understanding this COP26, this large summit that's happening, just to put it in the context, it's part of a framework, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, as it's known, the UNF, CCC. But over the many years now, since about, I wanna say, that's probably 1995 now, we've seen a series of these meetings, they're called COP, which are the climate summits, most prominently back in 2015, it was the Paris climate, of course, right? Others have reached things like platforms in Bourbon, South Africa, the protocols of Kyoto. And let me say this, that obviously they're meeting now, it's gonna be ongoing. And on one hand, it's gonna be disappointing for many because a lot of dull speeches and a lot of the same stuff. And yet on the other hand, there's an argument that these meetings are still necessary because it is the place. So that despite these differences, it's where people do come together and have to continue this dialogue. And so we're looking at understanding the process because it's one that brings together science, obviously climate change requires an understanding of that diplomacy, the political leaders have to come together, negotiate, make agreements, activism, civil society NGOs, there are those that have a lot of passion and what's at stake. And finally, public opinion, which is being, of course, shaped and influenced by all these different actors in different ways. Basically, we live in a world, Jay, with eight billion people that, if we don't make some effort, understand that an economy powered by coal, oil, natural gas has its limitations. But one of the challenges of these things is, look, we may all agree on that, but how do you get the change made? And long ago, there was a classic study done in the late 60s. It's an article that we often continue to read now. It's called the tragedy of the comments. And it refers to this issue where we may all know and understand that this issue, we have to do something about it, but it's the free rider problem. Why should I do it? Or it's also the time horizon. Political leaders live by a need to survive. And if they're elected officials, they make shorter-term decisions. They're not gonna bite the bullet for something that's gonna happen in 10 or 20 or 30 years. So unfortunately, that's the trade-off that, you may all agree, but who's gonna take the move? I mentioned the free rider, and that's from economic theory where, if I can get the benefits or not have to pay the price and still have the same, why should I, where are the incentives? So a lot of reasons why you can have me skeptical about this and yet on another level, just like we can criticize and often do the United Nations, it is the forum, it is the place where the world comes together. And these forums is where you have all these different stakeholders coming together. And if it's not happening, then I suppose things would be worse, but at any rate, it is what it is. I am reminded of a charitable event. I went to years ago where the guy who was moderating the meeting, there were a lot of people in the room with the dinner charity benefit thing. He decided he was going to create a kind of reverse bidding contest. So he said, Carlos, how about you giving 10 bucks? Because Joe is sitting a few seats away from you, he's giving 10 bucks, why don't you give 10 bucks? And Jay, why don't you give 20 bucks? And it went around the room like that and his job was to, like an auctioneer in reverse, trying to get people to bid up the other guy. And it was an invidious comparison sort of thing where you didn't want to say no because everybody would think you were in cheapskate. And that's the way he raised a lot of money. And I make the parallel because I think that's the way a cop works. Everybody goes there and they may have a number but then they see that the country sitting next to them has another number and they try to look good. They try to show that they're equally committed and so forth. Then the problem as you point out though is are they really going to do that? Their term expires in office in a year or two or three and they're not going to be around and they're not responsible for what their successor does and their successor is not committed the way they are. You know, at the end of the day it's what the country actually commits to not what they say at COP26. And I think a lot of people made promises that were empty as they have in the past. And I think, you know, the answer is that Joe Biden's got to come back and get the beef. He's got to go to Congress and say I want X dollars because that's what I told them I would get or that's what I hoped I would get. And how about voting on that boys and girls? Well, you know, the Republicans aren't going to do that. They don't believe in climate change. I mean, they have their own way of looking at truth in the world. And it's not like Joe Biden or it's not like COP but it's not like any of the people who support action against climate change. So I think, you know, the US cannot be it is not a leader anymore if it ever was in climate change. And at the end of the day it is money. It's a matter of committing money. But Carlos, I want to add something, you know, that came up and that's this, you know, one solution for decarbonization is so obvious, which is kind of a sacred cow is nuclear energy because nuclear energy does not emanate greenhouse gas. It does not emanate carbon. It does not involve carbon at all. Nuclear energy is all around the world. And if you just check Google, you will find that there's a lot of countries in the world who have nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, sometimes for both, you know, like Iran. But, you know, nuclear energy is Hitherian. Even in this country, nuclear energy is alive and well. We don't hear that much about it, but it generates as much electricity, for example, as clean energy does around the same percentage of the total pie. So it really surprised me to find that. At the same time, you know, China is building half a trillion dollar plant in nuclear energy. It understands this. And India Modi, we're having a show about this at five o'clock with Mumbai has promised at COP26 that he's going to deliver a, you know, fossil fuel economy by the year 2070, which is a long way as far as I'm concerned. But how is he going to do that? I'll tell you one of the ways he can do that, which probably was not discussed, is a sacred cow, is by nuclear energy. If every country adopts nuclear, we'll get there that way, but they're not saying that's the way. Yeah, that's fascinating. And, you know, I kind of want to build on what you spoke earlier about it, the idea that, well, you mentioned maybe Biden is not leading, but I think that's fair to say about most of these world leaders. Right now in this two week summit that's going on in Glasgow, you have about 115 leaders.  And many, particularly the political leaders, they've come to say how they plan to, in some ways they're there to apologize first, how they're going to plan to atone for their carbon sins. And then, you know, interestingly, they're giving a lot of speeches, you know, rather dull speeches in many cases that are less about leading than following. What do I mean by that? So the reality is that the global climate system, it doesn't impose any sanctions if you miss the emissions. So if you don't do it, well, nobody, no cop is going to come around and find you.  And, you know, and that's what these meetings are doing, the sense of shame of leaders before their peers if their countries are seen as laggards. So they have to go there and promise this and that and that. And so it does seem very, in some ways, you know, well, kind of phony because the idea here is that it keeps them coming back again and again to these events each time squeezing out higher commitments. The goal is to build a sense of inexorable progress. We're doing something, we're meeting, we're making commitments. Well, now having said all that, and again, you've got it all across. You've got Biden, you've got Macron, you've got, you know, Boris Johnson, the European commissioner, the commission president Ursula von der Leyen, all of them gave speeches that didn't really advance a lot of, you know, big pledges. I mean, some tinkering on the margins here. You mentioned Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India. He stirred up the meeting just in the last day with a pledge to reach this net zero by 2070 and with Swiss faction during the 2020. Well, again, it remains to be seen, but he's certainly during up the pot. But having said all that, I mean, let me add here that, you know, we can be cynical, we can criticize these things, but at the end of the day, these meetings do actually have some concrete actions. Today we're seeing this, of 26 over a hundred countries have pledged to halt and reverse deforestation, which is, you know, one of the crucial steps in combating climate change. Now again, even though it requires suspending disbelief that the pledge includes Brazil, a country that has really probably done more and reached the highest levels of that. So that's one example. Another, a second pledge that's just come out and it's about a hundred countries that are seeking to lower the global emissions of methane. This is the second largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide. And so they've made some specific pledges. Again, the paradox, the irony here is that it includes huge oil and gas producers like Nigeria, many of the Gulf Petro States, and they would have to undertake very painful and very unlikely policy changes to make that happen. So again, it's one thing to going on and say, you'll do it, but you know, you're a Petro State and good luck, because that's your source of revenue. You know, one interesting thing I was gonna mention there was a delegate that I saw the president of the Pacific Island of Palau. He traveled through all kinds of pandemic disrupted airports, took him five days to get the glass though.  So it's an interesting paradox, but I say that because, you know, gosh, there are some things that come out of that and that are important and commitments, but there's also a lot of hot air. And so rather than going there and leading, I mean, interestingly, we have the activists, you know, Greta Thunberg is probably seen as one of the, well, certainly a civil society leader. I saw, she got a lot of criticism for, you know, some of her cursing and curse words. So one of her tweets, she issued a statement that she's gonna go, I think net zero cursing or something. I don't know, kind of taking it tongue in cheek. But anyway, I guess this idea of when we look at how, you know, these meetings come together, they do result in some concrete action at a time, but a lot of it is more just the showmanship, you know, sort of, you know. I think there's a large group of people who recognize exactly that. There were protests outside of COP26 by the greenwashing people. This is like the progressives in a Democratic Congress. Whatever the moderates wanna do, they're not satisfied because they're more aggressive. And so the people who are protesting the whole COP21 is just a greenwashing experience. They're not satisfied, they're enough. Action is actually being taken and promised. And I can stand, you know, that's where she is. That's where Greta is right there. She's a, you know, beyond the pale progressive. It's okay. That's what the younger generation should be doing. I think what's, what interesting piece about COP26 is that there were multinational corporations, some of them, you know, legitimately sincerely wanted to do this. Otherwise, you know, probably had their arms twisted who committed funds in the many billions. I don't remember the number through address climate change going forward. That's not government. That's not government. That's business. And so, you know, you have to look at that as a bit of a bright spot because maybe they will, maybe even the chances are even better. But I wanna add one other thing on that. This is technology counts. And we have technologies now that good count. You talk about reforestation. We've interviewed a company in California and I saw one in the paper this morning about reforestation. They use high tech systems. Oh, and there's one here. There's one here in the University of Hawaii. Camilo, Camilo is his name. And he is with the southwest, I think. And he plants trees using high tech scientific systems. Okay, this is really important. And as you go on, they have ways to drop it from a drone and they can plant thousands of trees in Brazil or anywhere else. And this kind of technology leverages every dollar that is spent. Now, unfortunately, governments don't understand this yet, but they will, they'll find out that technology can make it much easier. But the other thing I think that really comes down on top of it is that people don't really understand. And this is, you know, it's a sort of a biblical thing. They're not gonna understand that it affects them directly until they have the wildfire in their backyard until their house burns down. It's the same thing like right-wing politics. You know, when people are involved in a war where a lot of human beings are massacred and young people die, then they start getting a little wiser about geopolitical issues and how to avoid wars. It's the same thing with climate change. What will activate awake, you know, the same group of people of the same group of nations is if we have a really bad climate change effect, a fire that's really terrible, extreme weather that's really awful, sea level rise like in the South Pacific, these things will be so compelling that people will have to take action. Yeah, no, those are fascinating points. And I like how you describe these, you know, the technological opportunities because it allows some places, particularly developing countries to leapfrog and kind of move quicker to, you know, something that might not, well, it would have taken otherwise more time. And, you know, at the end of the day, particularly this neighborhood we're in, in Asia, we look at Asia, this is where, you know, the challenge and the logic is more pressing than ever. And we have about a billion and a half Asians who live in the tropics and hundreds of millions of them live near the coast and for their economies to continue to grow, they're gonna need ever more energy.  But if it comes in the fossil fuel manner that we've been doing now for decades, they're gonna have to bear the mounting costs of adapting to and living with floods, with storms, with heat waves, with droughts long before they get rich. I mean, and so again, technologies may help us move quicker to, you know, avoid some of this. But at the end of the day as the world heats up, you know, for countries that are like, you know, latecomers that are poor underdeveloped, they end up having to run faster just to stay in the same place. And it is a challenge there. But in the long run, the only way to keep growing, I think is by leaving fossil fuel behind because, you know, while it's there, keep it easy, the deleterious effects and negative aspects are just challenging all around. But you have political forces that fight with those who would like to address climate change. You have the coal industry and Joe Manchin is an expression of that. You have large companies in fossil fuel. They actively lobby against climate change. I mean, taking action on climate change. You know, one party that's not at the table, which I find very interesting and I want to express that to you now.  That's right. And, you know, he probably confirmed his commitment to the Catholic church. There was an issue about whether he kits the Pope's ring or didn't, maybe he did it in private.  Yeah, but it does raise the question of religion. Why is religion silent? Why is the Catholic church effectively silent on this? They influence so many people and so many governments, if you will, these days. You know, that fellow I talked about, Camilo Amora, who teaches at U-Age and who is into reforestation. His remark that caught me and still catches me today, he said, I want to go to heaven when I die and I want God to admit me into heaven. And so I have committed to plant a million trees and when I get to the gates of heaven, I'm going to say, God, you know, can you please let me in? I think, I've done well. I've done well. He's from Columbia, you know, in Latin America and he is religious Catholic and all this and it's important to him. But the reality is he is planting a million trees right now today, following through with his technology and his projects here and on the mainland and it's people like that. But, you know, I mean, I don't want to, you know, try to define exactly what his motivations are, but it does suggest to me, okay, that religion and religious organizations could have a huge effect on climate change, but they don't. Yeah, you know, yeah. And again here, I can't, I'm just thinking a lot right now. I'm just thinking the challenge of science and religion, you know, it's a delicate nexus, let's say. And I would guess there are some maybe smaller church denominations that are, you know, maybe more, you know, supportive of the science, et cetera, and others that just, well, you know, where we take care of the spiritual, the moral, leave the science to others, I don't know. It's fascinating to think about that, but gosh, what are the things that, you know, as we finish our chat today, I mean, one of the things that's interesting about this climate change issue, it really does, it's one of these rare things that weave together everybody.  And there are so many stakeholders. And what you were describing, some of the challenges here are there, or why, you know, leaders do this. At the end of the day, we all have our different interests. And when we study as a political society, we all study how these come together, how they interact. We begin by looking, well, what are their interests? And it's not like interests are always fixed or clearly defined, they can change, they can evolve. You know, it's not fair to say all business interests are this, it depends, right?  Well, he's got a passion.  But it is fascinating to see that this is again, one of those things where you need scientists and experts, you need politicians who have to make decisions and legislators have to make, you know, choices. You need civil society to be on board, to support it, to fight the bullet, you know, to pay the higher prices that are things they're gonna cost. And boy, just weaving all this together is not easy at all. Now, having said all of this, I think it's fair to say, and I've seen it in my lifetime, perhaps, you know, I've raised two sons that are now young adults, and they have a different consciousness about environmental things. I think, you know, in the last generation, we have people growing up now who are more aware than, let's say, older generation, in general. And that's encouraging to me, to some extent. It doesn't say the challenges aren't there. And I began earlier, I mentioned this tragedy of the commons, and it is this idea that, look, we can all agree we gotta do this, but how do we get there? And, you know, that's the challenge. It's a biblical test for all of us. Yeah, I remember I was at a dinner party. I keep thinking of this, Carlos, the day that the Al Gore movie came out in Inconvenient Truths, and we had just finished our entrees, and somebody at the table began talking about this movie that they had seen, and we were going into dessert. And it took me, it just took me. We were not too far from the Varsity Theater, okay, on University Avenue. And I stood up and I left the table, myself, my wife was wondering what happened to me, and I went up the street to the Varsity Theater, and I had to watch that movie. And I've been, you know, committed to climate change really ever since, but I don't think everybody reacts that way. I don't think they see this as an existential threat. No, of course. It's a big problem. So my question to you is two questions. One is how do you rate Joe Biden's performance at G20 and at the COP26? That's the first part of the question. Would you give him a 10? Would you give him a five? What would you give him? No, certainly not a 10. I mean, he didn't win any, you know, thing. No, I mean, like many of these other leaders, he's gone and done. Oh, he's apologized for, you know, his predecessor. He's made commitments, but I think as I started at the beginning, I think there's a healthy skepticism, particularly because people are looking at American policy and saying, well, Biden, you know, we may like him, we may like his policy, but can he get it done?  His opposition is these two senators that are so confusing for some, you know, particularly Europeans who have, you know, most of them work in parliamentary systems where once you have a majority, you get it done. Otherwise, you're not in the party. There's a lot of party discipline. And here we've watched for the last couple of months now, these, you know, the senator from West Virginia and the senator from Arizona who are simply, you know, holding all this. And even, for example, the immigration reform, which was supposed to be part of Biden's, you know, social spending. And now it's kind of leaving. It looks like that's not going to happen.  So I'd give him a seven and a half. He did what he had to do. No, that's very, that's kind of you. Yeah. We asked the same question earlier today in another show, and he had mostly sevens. Seven and a half. I mean, that's generous. And again, maybe because he didn't fail, but beyond that, well, again, I mean, you go to these meetings, but I think as we started the status really more, there continues to be some healthy skepticism about the U.S. because of our domestic politics. And, you know, it underscores how international relations really is connected to our domestic politics. And, you know, if we don't have our house in order, the world is going to, you know. That's my question. This is my last question to bear some discussion. And that's this. So everybody knows that Congress is not going to help him. Sorry. He's a nice guy, but nice guys don't build railroads. Nice guys, you know, are unable to get it done in the face of this kind of challenge. And so in terms of world leadership, it's really questionable about what the United States under him or under his successor for that matter, is going to be able to do much on climate change. And so what you have is a lot of rhetoric in Scotland. You have a lot of countries who are making grandiose statements without the likely prospect of following through intentionally or unintentionally. And you have the inexorable increase of climate change events, which actually are not mathematical. They're not geometrical. They're logarithmic. And they go faster than you would ever imagine. So my last question to you based on what we learned, I'm forgetting G-20 for a minute because I actually don't think that's as important. What we are learning, because it's not over until I think the 12th of November. But what we learned at least from the statements of world leaders, where is this gonna go? What's it gonna be like with the increase in climate change events, but the failure of humanity, of the world as a, of the global community to do substantive work on it. Where is it gonna go? And how is it gonna affect you? And more to the point, how is it gonna affect me, Carlos? I need to know. Well, it depends. And at the end of the day, I don't know. But now I'm more serious. I mean, look, these are tough issues. And yeah, we're gonna, like so many things, we can all look at the same set of facts and come to some different conclusions about it. And I say that because some will look at the summit and say, well, again, a lot of hot air, a lot of bill speeches, not much happening. Now, at the end of the day, rich countries are, you know, and they have long promised the poor countries that they will pay for the original sin of their early industrialization. In other words, this is what brought climate change to the world. It was brought by a modernization, industrialization development. And at least in theory, the idea is that by delivering money to help the poor countries develop using fewer fossil fuels, the aim is to provide as much as $100 billion a year in climate science, climate finance. But it's a goal that rich countries today are not meeting. And it's one with poor countries. Obviously they want it raised, but they're skeptical too. So boy, I mean, you can throw your hands up and say it's useless or otherwise just understand that, look, it's not something that's gonna be easy and neat, but at least we need to be moving forward. We need to have a dialogue. We need to make commitments.   So it's a flaw. It's a flaw in the way the world is organized in the face of global challenges like this. So I understand that she did not show up at the conference in Scotland. I'll take a guess. That's right, no. I'll guess that Vladimir Putin didn't show up either at the conference. He has not, unless- So you have major powers who don't even feel this is important enough to make the trip. What does that tell us? Well, something of a disconnect, I guess, and maybe, you know, different interests. You mentioned those two important world leaders. I would add even the Mexican leader, Amlo, who ironically, he's a populist left-wing leader. He has never gone to any of these meetings. He sent his foreign ministry as usual, but kind of paradoxically, here's a left-wing leader who normally would be pro-environment and, you know, head of science. He is a very nationalistic in his energy policy and it's been criticized as being, you know, very heavy on, you know, he's spending massively on a new oil refinery and he is limiting foreign investment in ways that's raising some concerns because that's where the technology and the investment comes from Mexico to approach more green technologies. And so right now, there's a lot of criticism of what's happening under this current president. And I only mentioned that because of course, Mexico is so important to the U.S. and, you know, if they don't figure it out, we're gonna sort of be part of that problem as well. So gosh, no easy answers. Yeah, I wish I could just say, it's all gonna work out, it's gonna be fine. But, you know, that's not how the world works. Instead, it's kind of incremental and it's a few steps forward and a few steps back. Well, we don't have any sacred cows here on ThinkTech. So we can continue to have this conversation. And although, you know, I don't like to be skeptical, I don't like to be cynical, I think the reality is we have to examine all sides of this, including the side that the press takes and certainly the side that these politicians take. And so, although I know you have many people in your lineup, Carlos, I hope we can get together again in a conversation like this and follow the action. Absolutely. Always a pleasure, Jay, and great to reconnect here on our Global Connections. It's your show, it's my show, it's ThinkTech's show. So it's always great and I look forward to the next conversation. Thank you Carlos, aloha.


Ready, Cosmo? Ready, Wanda. One, two, three. Wakey, wakey, Jimmy. Ow! Oh, come on, little fella. Even though we're your fairy godparents. We don't need our magic to tell us that you're in for a boring, ordinary day of school. Yippee. Oh, you'd be able to reach this. You weren't so puny. Welcome to football, Triogs. Listen up for your positions. Tail back. Yes, sir. Linebacker. Yes, sir. Can't wait to get home. At least I'm big in my parent's eyes. Hey, short stuff. Guess what?  What? You're not old enough for this movie and we're not taking you. Honey, cheer up. You'll get into those movies someday. Why, soon you won't even need a babysitter. Really? Yep. But tonight, you will be back really late. So just tuck Timmy in, okay? I doubt. Plain creepy. You know, I bet Timmy would think this is gross. Excuse me, sir. That'll be $265.


Touchdown. Namaste, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, wherever you may be. Across the planet, around the world, my name is Greg Prescott from N5D.com and Zantasia.com. And you're looking live at Cieski Beach. Water looks a lot better today than it did yesterday, still has a long ways to go. It's not that brown color that we saw yesterday, the winds blowing out of the east, which is good. Water feels a little bit cooler today. Could be 82-ish. It's a big old pelican flying in. What's up, dude?  Quick good morning to Mike, John, Maureen, Didi, Sherry, Maureen, Aaron, Jennifer, Caroline, and Lisa, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, namaste. So the water, yeah, the water looks better today. Still dark, darker than what we're accustomed to, but it's clear. That's what we're looking at for water clarity color. No dead fish on the beach, no red tide smell in the air, it's a good thing. Got a boat out there doing something, I don't know. Got another boat out here, just parked, might be the same boat, but I thought it was more over there. Looked like he was fishing. So one of my beach buddies on Access 12, that's down here from Pennsylvania, Kenny, and he said that he saw pelicans diving in yesterday, saw dolphins here on Beach Access 12. It wouldn't surprise me today if we see a dolphin, you know, sometime during this broadcast. Little heads up, there is a geomagnetic storm going on from today till tomorrow, and then a second one back to back on November 3rd and 4th. And if you guys have been following the Shuman Resonance, it's just been crazy the last three days. Go check out that Shuman Resonance chart, it's just been absolutely bizarre, all the energies that are coming in. Now, on top of it, we have this geomagnetic storm sending solar energy to the planet as well. Not a cloud in the sky today, absolutely beautiful, no-count trails, that's always a good thing. Got low tide today at 1.59 this afternoon, high tide's not until 11.30 tonight, expecting a high temperature of 85 today, low of 67, and for the remainder on the 15-day forecast it's absolutely amazing, highs in the low 80s, low and mid 60s, perfect. So yeah, I went out yesterday afternoon, I did a walk of gratitude, tried to do at least a couple throughout the day, but I came out yesterday afternoon and I noticed the water color started changing again, started clearing up from what we saw yesterday morning, and that's a good thing, it's just a boat out there hanging out, not sure what he's doing, maybe looking for minnows, maybe fishing, maybe just enjoying the day. So I just ordered my new theme for N5D and probably going to be putting that in this evening. Hopefully what I'm going to do is find time to take a nap, a long nap this afternoon and work on that tonight. It's not one of those cheap $50 themes, this one's expensive, but you know in the end it's going to be worth it, it's super fast, it's beautiful, it's something we all deserve, so I'm going to be working on that this evening, tonight probably when many of you are sleeping. In addition, hey enough of me, let's look at the beach, see how do I get it back, there we go. So in addition, I've built another website called Zantasia.com, Z-E-N-T-A-S-I-A, Zantasia.com, and we're picking up a lot of members and if you want to be with a lot of high frequency, high vibration people, check it out, join us, I'll approve you. If you're watching this, you're approved, got some great moderators in there too. Thank you to my moderators for helping me out with the Zantasia Facebook group. So yeah, the water is like, it's like a lake today, barely even waves, I've seen bigger lakes in Otsigo Lake in Cooperstown, New York than what I'm looking at right now. I am seeing little minnows in the water too, which is always a good sign, just little teeny tiny ones. Not seeing those schools of greenies, not yet, but we will. We're definitely heading in the right direction. So right now you're looking north toward the main beach, and then in that direction, that's point of rocks, further down in that direction, you have Turtle Beach, and it's all Siesta Key Beach, they just have different names, so right now this is Crescent Beach because of the Crescent, the Crescent shape. So tell me how you guys are feeling with all these activities going on with the Shuman Resonance and now with the Geomagnetic Storms coming in, what are you guys feeling? I still have that Crown Chakra activity going on. Also, like a, it's not quite a headache, but a pressure almost behind the pineal gland. I'm not sure what that is, or how to explain it any better than that. Also, you know, the high-pitched frequencies that's still going on, that's definitely not related to vitamin D deficiency or tinnitus, something, because, and how I know that is what I do is, you know, being a guitarist, I'll pick up my guitar and I'll figure out exactly what note it is, and I'm trying to figure out, you know, not only what note it is, how I'm feeling when I hear these frequencies, is it an energetic one, or I'm full of energy, or is it one that just makes you want to go lay down and take a nap and get downloads? So trying to figure that out, excuse me while I grab some water. Yummy. Yeah, with today being Halloween here in the United States, I don't know about abroad, but I do know that, you know, a lot of people celebrate Halloween and have fun, but it's also, you know, make sure that your children are safe on today, because a lot of people use today as a day for, you know, nefarious people, use it as a day for sacrifice, and you'll see that there are a lot of abductions on Halloween, and, you know, these sick bastards will end up performing sacrifices on these innocent children. So that being said, go out and have fun, too, you know. Don't live in that fear, and when you have an opportunity to have fun, do it. This is a great opportunity, of course I'm not going to go out, I'll be working all night, and where I live we don't have trick-or-treaters, it's all like seniors, although it would be cool if they dressed up and trick-or-treated. When I used to live in neighborhoods where we had trick-or-treaters, I would just give them handfuls of candy, but, you know, looking back, you know, what are you really doing? Handfuls of poison. Your dentist thanks you. Oh gosh. But you can have fun, I know some Halloween parties that I've attended in the past are blast, so I can't believe how calm the water is, like a lake. So good morning to Lisa, Shell, Kathy, Crystal, Cindy, some upstate New Yorkers, Kathy and Cindy, Amy, Pat, Marja, Aaron, Carl, Jim Brady, another upstater. Hey guys, I'm not trying to rub it in. Excuse me, I'm here for the fish, not to be pompous or arrogant about the beautiful weather down here. Like he says, we're all 55 here. Surprisingly, I noticed that we do have a lot of younger people following in 5D. I think it's great. Marjorie's upstate New York. Yes, I remember all those times, trick-or-treating in the snow with a Halloween costume over my winter jacket. Just how you can tell an upstate person, a northerner in Florida, we don't have any hair around our ankles because we're always wearing socks. You have the hair from here up, but nothing right here, and it never grows back. So I can tell, if I look at somebody's ankles, well for men at least, and they don't have hair around there, you know that they're not from Florida. Other telltale signs are when people use a Styrofoam cooler, or if they have a brand new chair, beach chair. Now there's a few other ones that I just noticed throughout the years. Most obvious one is a lack of tan, being tan. If your skin is alabaster white, chances are you're not from Florida. Good morning Tanya and Sabine and Rochelle, and I'm a stat. Welcome to Siesta Key Beach, and for those just joining, water color looks a lot better today. No dead fish on the beach from last night. Water temperature is starting to cool down a little. Winds are blowing from the east. Water color is looking much, much better. The water is as calm as a lake. Another New Yorker. Becky says she's from Rochester, or I'm sorry, Rochester, Michigan, I originally thought New York. But anyway, up north, we had many cold, snowy Halloween nights. Yes, so much for Al Gore's global warming theory, from what I understand, they had snow in upstate New York yesterday, or the day before, something like that. That's the shell I found today, when I was walking down the beach to Point of Rocks, just checking out the water, doing my walk of gratitude, looking for minnows and stuff. Pretty shell, with a yellow line going through it, a yellow-orange-ish line going through it. So once again, I've got our bottle of ozone alkaline water. One guy just hanging out, but we got our ozone alkaline water, and we're going to put the thoughts and intentions into it. As proven by Dr. Masaru Emoto, that thoughts and intentions can change the structure of water. And that's what the plan I'm doing with the Gulf of Mexico. And actually, the entire planet, I also add Ho'oponopono, Hawaiian Code for Forgiveness, creates miracles. So if you would, please join in, and put as much loving healing energy from your heart center into it as possible. So Dear Creator Source Universe, Spirit Guides, Guardian Angels, Friends and Family on both sides of the veil, Galactic Papers and Friends, Higher Self, Mother Earth. I'm sorry if I don't say this as often as I should. Please forgive me. Thank you for your unconditional love, safety, support, protection, and abundance in everything that's good in life, as I promise to listen with open eyes here is mind and heart. More than anything, I love you. Keep focusing that love into the water, and extend it out as far as you can throughout the planet, galaxy, universe, multiverse, and omniverse. Make the intention that we not only heal this water, but all water, as well as the air and food supplies on the entire planet, just focus on love. It's in lots of love. Strongest and most powerful energy ever, love. So it is. I've got a feeling it's going to be a pretty crazy day today, probably tomorrow too, with the geomagnetic storms coming in. I'll be working most of the time, so keep me posted on what's going on, even though I'm sure I'll be picking it up energetically, regardless of what I'm doing, whether I'm sleeping or working.  So that's important to me. I want to thank everyone for joining me once again on behalf of all of our sea life, all of our beautiful, beautiful sea life that's currently with us and that had to die, unfortunately, because of corrupt politicians, big sugar, phosphorus mining and sewage dumping into the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic. We're proving every day that Boston Intentions can change realities. We're seeing it live. So until the next time, once again, thank you for joining me. My name's Greg Crestcott from N5D.com and my new website, Zentasia.com. Be sure to check us out on Zentasia's Facebook page. And I'll be adding you. I'll check it as soon as I get home. After watching this, I'll add you. Got some great moderators there. And I'll be, oh yeah, the other thing was I just bought the template today, the new template for N5D. I'm going to be working on that all night, so it's going to be fast, ultra fast. And it's amazing. It's one of the most beautiful templates I've seen. So I'm really excited about that. Hopefully I should have it up and running by tomorrow morning. And hopefully it'll be a smooth transition into changing over the templates from what I have and to what I just got. So I'm really excited about that. Lots of work on my plate. Lots of energy is coming in, human resonance, the geomagnetic storms. It's going to be exciting, 24 to 48 hours. Hang in there. So until the next time, I'm sending you all infinite love and life. This is Greg from N5D.com and Zentasia.com. Thanks for the base. Before I go, I notice Aisha is saying, please elaborate on geomagnetic storms. What those are are earth facing solar storms, basically on the sun. And they let out these huge waves of energy. And some are earth directed. Most aren't, but some are. And we have two that are earth directed energy. So we're getting them probably right now and all throughout the day and today and tomorrow, as well as upcoming in the next few days as well with a second one, kind of back to back almost. So that's what that is.


Venn diagram. Today, we are going to take a look at how to complete a Venn diagram. Within the Venn diagram, you have two circles, and each circle has a name. The names represent what we are comparing and contrasting. The name can be at the top or bottom of the circle. For our demonstration today, we are going to compare and contrast Makiko with Yuki. The way that we complete a Venn diagram is as follows. On the right side, where it says Makiko, we're going to write the things that make Makiko different from Yuki. On the left side, we're going to write the things that make Yuki different from Makiko. In the middle, we're going to write what things they have in common, or what things make them the same. To review, on this right side, we list the things that make Makiko different from Yuki. On the left, we list the things that make Yuki different from Makiko. And in the middle, we list the things that they have in common, are the same about them. Some things that Makiko and Yuki have in common is that they are both Japanese and like ice skating. So I would write these things here in the middle. Now, what is different about them? Let's start with Makiko first. What is different about her? Well, Makiko comes from Okinawa, so that is a difference. She also has long hair and wears it in a ponytail often. These are things that are different about Makiko. Now, let's talk about Yuki. Well, Yuki is from Tokyo. She has short hair and wears glasses. These are things that are different about Yuki, and we can write them on the left. To review, on this right side, we listed the things that make Makiko different from Yuki. We wrote, she is from Okinawa. She has long hair.  On the left, we listed the things that make Yuki different from Makiko. We wrote, she is from Tokyo. She has short hair. She wears glasses. And in the middle, we listed the things that they have in common or are the same about them. We wrote, they are both Japanese. They like ice skating. This is an example of how you would fill out a Venn diagram. Remember, you can use these to find out what is the same or different about two people, places, or things. If you have questions, you can watch this video again or ask your teacher.


Let's imagine you want to include an other category in a list of choices for answers on an item on a survey. Here's an example item from a satisfaction survey for customers of a central lab. From what service were you referred?  Let's say the survey respondent puts other as the answer. Is that good enough for you to just know that it's other? Or do you want them to tell you what it actually is? If you want to collect the other description, you will have to program your online survey that way. Here we are at this item in SurveyMonkey. Let's look at the programming. See here are all the top choices, but now let's scroll down. See SurveyMonkey has an option to choose add an other choice. This automatically will add a check box as well as a text box to collect the description. Want to learn more about designing and programming online surveys? Take my free online course, Understanding Research Forms, Surveys, and Instruments. The link is in the description.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 Chrome GRC. This chapter presents the features of the memory management unit used in graphical-oriented applications. The Chrome GRC is a graphic-oriented memory management unit to optimize the memory usage according to the display shape. The Chrome GRC lowers the memory usage by storing only the visible pixels in the memory. It is fully configurable according to the display shape and is totally transparent in the system. The Chrome GRC works with any memories and any masters of the STM32. The Chrome GRC is seen by the masters of the STM32 system as four virtual buffers to store the graphical frame buffer. Each virtual buffer consists of 1024 lines with 3072 or 4096 bytes per line. The size of each line is configurable by software. In case of accesses exceeding the buffer space, a buffer overflow interrupt can be generated and in case of wrong physical memory address, a memory transfer error is generated. The display shape is described in a lookup table to define which bytes of the virtual buffer have to be stored or not in a physical memory. Thanks to this very flexible architecture, only the visible pixels are effectively stored and each virtual buffer can be physically mapped to any memory of the system. Each virtual buffer is seen as a continuous memory space of 3072 or 4096 bytes per 1024 lines. Each line is composed of 192 or 256 16 byte blocks. In this example, out of screen blocks shown here in white won't be mapped into the physical memory. For each line, the first visible block and the last visible block are stored in the lookup table. Only the visible blocks of each line will be stored in the physical memory. The operation is repeated for each line, indicating the first block and the last block. All the first and last block numbers are stored in a lookup table. And all the visible blocks are stored in the physical memory in a continuous way, saving a huge amount of space for non-rectangular display shapes. All the line parameters are stored in an internal lookup table. The description is the same for all four virtual frame buffers. For each line, the following parameters are stored. The enable bit of the line, the number of the first visible block, the number of the last visible block, and the line offset in the physical memory. The line offset is the offset between the physical buffer base address programmed by the user and the address where the block zero of the line has to be stored. Each virtual buffer has its own base address in the physical memory. The Chrome GRC runs with two operating modes. 192 blocks per line mode or 256 blocks per line mode. The 192 blocks per line mode is useful as we can have an integer number of pixels per line when the frame buffer color mode is in 24 bits per pixel. Thanks to the smart mapping of visible pixels in the memory, the Chrome GRC reduces the RAM usage significantly for the graphical frame buffer. For a round display, the gain is above 20%. There may be slight variation depending on the frame buffer color mode. The Chrome GRC manages five interrupt sources. AHB master error when an error occurred during an AHB transaction to the physical memory. And four buffer overflows, one per buffer when an overflow occurs during the offset calculation of a buffer. The Chrome GRC is active in run and sleep modes. A Chrome GRC interrupt can cause the device to exit. In stop mode, the Chrome GRC is frozen and its registers content are kept. In standby mode, the Chrome GRC is powered down and it must be re-initialized afterwards. Wearable applications require low power management functions together with a high quality user interface. In this context, the Chrome GRC optimizes the internal RAM usage and it's no longer necessary to add an external component for SRAM or SD RAM. The graphical content creation is much faster thanks to the internal zero-weight state RAM. You can refer to peripheral training slides related to RCC and interrupts.


What is going on guys welcome to a new video so today then I've got a brand new Facebook ads scaling strategy to go through with you guys. I'm pretty excited about this one to be honest it's one I've developed myself I've not seen anybody else talk about it so I think you guys are going to enjoy it but before we get into the video then I just want to take a quick second just to say a massive thank you to everybody who has been supporting the channel recently we're due to hit 3000 subscribers in the next kind of three or four days which you're just absolutely crazy and it's all thanks to you guys so thank you very much I really do appreciate it and please do keep it coming so that being said then guys that's the topic thank you for tuning in and let's get straight into the video. So here we are then guys inside my ad account manager there was just a couple of things I wanted to show you really number one is the fact that this works and typically when I go into an niche then this is the scaling strategy I always use to begin with and then once I've scaled it that will allow me to use certain other methods for example tags in broader audiences but to begin with then when you first scale you have to build it up slowly and I'll get into more of that later on in the video. The second thing I wanted to show you then was the frequency score as you can see it's quite high this was actually one thing that I disagree on when speaking to Facebook so when you spend X amount then sometimes you'll get assigned a Facebook I can't remember what they call them now but like somebody will call you up basically and want to advise you on how you're spending your money and they say that you want to try and keep that frequency score as close to one as possible which is something I actually disagree with I don't agree with everything they say and for a couple of reasons really number one people don't always buy on the first time they see your ad there's a there's a rule in like the digital marketing kind of industry and it's called the seven rule so what it basically means is that somebody has to see your product or your brand on an average of about seven times before they buy so here's an example this is just one website talking about the rule but if I could just show you there's loads and loads of other websites talking about this rule so in marketing it's said that customer has to see and add seven times to remember it and obviously the more they remember it the better chance they have of coming back to you and buying your product so in terms of trying to keep your frequency low then don't worry about it but there's a reason then why this frequency is so high and it's because we start with a small audience so what I'm going to do then is just build out an ad set as if I was scaling it so you guys can get to see then exactly how this strategy works and then as I go through it I'll just explain along the way why it works as well in fact just one quick thing then before we actually build the ad set I just want to refresh the page so you guys can see that these results are legit for whatever reason now people don't believe people unless they refresh your page so I just wanted to do that to make it clear that there's no I mean I don't even know how you would go about editing results but there you go so I'm just going to go ahead click create campaign I think I got halfway through I know so we'll start from the very beginning I'm going to go ahead and choose conversions obviously make sure you can choose the name of your product to put in the campaign name so you know exactly what products you're advertising for that campaign and then I'm just going to run through the whole thing from top to bottom so typically then I always ignore the ad set name to begin with because I don't know yet at this point what my tags and options are going to be so what I tend to do is go through the whole ad set then go back and then rename it to something that actually makes sense so pixel wise then I've got multiple pixels hence the weird name conversion event I've got custom conversions depending on what niche I'm in so since we've got the dog purchase conversion up then I'll base this example then on if we were going into the dog niche so audience wise then there's no custom audiences location make sure you stick to one country per ad set until you know which countries essentially respond best to your product then you can start to combine the best ones all into one ad set but to begin with then I like to keep it separate and I always choose everybody who lives in this location that way I've had it before actually people on holiday in the UK but then they live in America or they live in Spain and they've always put their home address in so it'd be a Spanish address or US address and it can just be confusing sometimes so I typically like to just make sure that it's people who live in the country that you're actually targeting moving on then to age and gender now if you're going into a new niche then you might not know who the best age range is or what your ideal gender is so you can leave those as blank because the interests we're going to be targeting are small then leaving them as the default is no problem at all language I always leave that blank I very rarely put a natural language in there and then detail targeting so this is where essentially this whole Facebook scaling strategy is going to be based on so I like to call it I haven't really got a name for it to be honest it's but basically what we're going to be doing is just adding more and more interests as we see more and more purchases so to begin with we want to make sure this is unticked that way we're only going to be targeting people within the interest that we actually select so what I would typically do then is I would have one ad set for one particular category of interests another ad set for another particular category and so on so one particular category I like to make sure the categories are based around people who are already spending money within that niche so we're in the dog niche then we've got to think about who are the people who own dogs and already spending essentially what are they spending their money on within the dog niche so it could be certain dog foods that could be one ad set it could be magazines that could be another ad set it could be pages related to say activities that dog owners do so it could be interests around dog training or dog walking I know for a factor of good interest that I use all the time is countryside dog walks I know it's pretty small as well probably about 40,000 people there we go I'm just going to go down and change the budget as well typically I'll always start on 10 pounds per day and the reason for that being then is if you're watching this video then you've probably heard of the five dollar ad set strategy it's a very common one that a lot of people use so if everybody's spending five dollars and we're spending double what they're spending then Facebook is a bidding system so if we've got double the budget then essentially we should get more favorable results so anyway back to the tag team so as you can see then countryside dog walks is a very small interest we've got a potential reach of 41,000 people which is absolutely no problems with that at all to begin with like I said if you're going into a new niche then you're going to have zero pixel data which means Facebook isn't going to have a clue who your ideal customer is so essentially we have to do the tag team first and because it's an interest then that's related to activities that only dog owners will be interested in then we've got a good chance of tagging only people who actually own dogs and therefore they'll be more likely to buy our product because it's such a small audience you can see that it's going to be a select few amount of people and therefore we've got a good chance of having a higher hit rate and are and essentially a higher conversion rate which is always going to be a good thing now 41,000 people if you think about how many of those will convert there's not a lot of room in there to make a lot of money but what you have to do is you kind of have to match up this potential reach against how much data or how matured your pixel is so essentially what I mean by that then is that the newer your pixel is the smaller the audience size you have to start with so what I would do then is I would test this audience for 10 pound per day and if I start to see purchases coming through once my frequency score say starts to creep up so starts to hit two maybe even three I would come back into this very same ad set and I would add an additional interest into this and that's going to obviously increase our potential reach and we can we can go a bit bigger because there's already data going through this ad set facebook is now starting to learn who our ideal customers are and therefore even if we've got a bigger audience it'll be able to pick out those people better than it would have done at the beginning so for example then if I just add another interest here to bring up that potential reach so at this point then we've got a few purchases coming through we know that interest is good to scale up then what we want to do is increase this potential reach by adding more interests into here so there's a couple of things you can do then if you're not sure about what interest to add if you simply click on suggestions facebook is going to give you some good ones um typically i find the ones that facebook give you a quite large so in this case they wouldn't really work so for example then if we choose dog walk in that's going to bump us straight up to 3.9 million people which is just going too big too quickly so what i like to do then is if i just copy and paste this head over to audience insights and if you've never seen this tool before then get to know it it's a really handy tool to use so make sure you choose in the same country your tags in in your ad set and then just stick your interest in here hit enter and it's going to give you loads of information for example the demographics etc but if you just click on page likes then it's going to give you all these different top categories and page likes and what this means then is that the people within this audience these are typically the most popular categories and pages that people within this audience like so they're similar so they're great interests to add to ours to build on what we've already got so what i like to do then is always look at the affinity score because the higher the affinity score is then the more relevant it is to this initial interest so obviously number one is going to be the same interest because it's exactly the same so what i'm going to do is just take this number two dog friendly go back to our ads manager and we'll put it in here and size is quarter of a million people so if we hit enter then that should if we hit enter it should increase our potential reach quite nicely so to 95,000 people so it's doubled the amount of people so it's still quite a significant increase but that i'm pretty comfortable with that i'll be happy with that so at this point now we've got another 40 plus thousand people that we can go out and target and like i said because our pixel is starting to mature now then it will be better at finding those people who are going to purchase in this small it's a bigger audience but it's still quite a smaller audience and essentially what we do then is every time we see sales building and building and building then we keep increasing this potential reach because what i'm trying to say then is that if we started off with an audience that was 95,000 people with a completely fresh pixel then facebook hasn't got as good a chance as finding the purchasers within 95,000 people as it has 41,000 people because 41,000 people is a smaller audience if that makes sense without any previous data it's not going to know who our ideal customers are so you need to be as specific as possible and then once the purchases start to come through then we can start to increase this potential reach so hopefully that starts to make sense and hopefully i've explained it well enough if i haven't do apologize please feel free to just spam me well there's many questions that you want leave them down below in the comment section and i do get back to every single person so just to finish off the ad set then for the video placement wise i always stick just to the main ones so facebook news feed sometimes i combine instagram with facebook but if it's a new niche then i'll separate them out just so i can control how much budget i'm spending on each one and therefore i can test each one evenly if that makes sense if i combine them in the one into one then obviously facebook is it's going to give the majority of the budget to the one which is performing best or which one is performing best in facebook's eyes so you don't necessarily get an even test so i typically then leave all of those blank and we'll just test one place at a time moving down all mobile devices budget then are you always stick to 10 pound daily budget put ad set when starting off in a new niche conversions we want seven-day clicks and we're going to go for the lowest cost as well so that being said then in fact one more thing then just to finish off we're going to go back to the top and we're tagged in the uk i'm going for 18 plus go for male and female and our first audience then was 41k so what that does then is every time i create an ad set i know exactly who we're tagged in the size of the audience and therefore when i'm looking over things so i know for a fact then that this ad set is 41 000 people so once i start to see some purchases come through maybe three or four then that tells me it's ready to increase the potential audience size to up to something bigger and then once i do i always simply just edit the name to what the total audience size is and then therefore i can kind of gauge like how many purchases work against the potential audience reach so for example then when you've tried this strategy a few times you'll be flicking through your ad sets and you'll see say an audience size that's 50 000 people and you've had 10 purchases and when your knowledge starts to increase you will marry those two numbers together and you think right 50 000 audience size 10 purchases that's now ready to take that next level and scale up and then it might be say 200 000 people and you've had say 100 purchases and you say right that's now ready to scale up if that makes sense so i'm going to wrap it up there because i think i've pretty much covered everything hopefully i've made myself clear if you're still watching the video hopefully you guys enjoyed it if you did please do leave a like on the video let me know in the comment section what you want me to cover next any particular topic any questions whatever it is and again thank you very much for supporting the channel we're going to be hitting 3000 subscribers very very soon and i'm going to be doing some sort of giveaway in every single video from there on so if you want to be part of that make sure you subscribe and i'll see you all in the next one


Hello, camp meetings around the corner and I'd like to invite you in a special way to join us for the Nairobi Central SDH church camp meeting that is to start on the 12th to 19th August 2023. Our camp is themed, Jesus is coming, get involved. Our main speaker, Pastor Shiyono Kona, will share with us how to decode the timetable of the end and show us how to get involved as we prepare for the second coming of Jesus. The younger ones will also be touched with the love of Jesus through the ministry of evangelist Ebson Chio Koma, our children's speaker. Throughout the week, we'll have a variety of sessions on prophecy, family life, health, stewardship, leadership, life skills and more. Our special musical guests will be the Nairobi Central Church choir, Youth Choir, Glorious Choral and other singing groups. There's something for everyone and you're guaranteed to leave with a renewed heart, a deeper connection with God and fresh zeal for mission. You can't afford to miss it. Remember, the camp meeting is scheduled to take place from the 12th to the 19th of August 2023 at Nairobi Central SDH church. In case you can't make it to church, join us live on our Facebook page or YouTube channel using the links on screen. Jesus is coming soon. It's time to get involved. Get involved! Everyone is getting involved. Don't be left out. See you there.