Hi, it's Bridget. Welcome to Above Life Channel. The purpose here is to inspire your spirit and to fill you with hope. Today, I have a comment video. I'm going to reply to one of your questions that you had. A great question was asked and this has been asked a couple of times. I thought it would be a good opportunity to respond. How is it possible for me to channel if someone has reincarnated and how do I know that? Well, it's easy, kind of, sort of sometimes. Okay, so here's the convoluted response to that. First, yes, very clearly, it is totally possible to channel people who have reincarnated. We do it all the time, all the time. And in order to understand the fact that you can channel people who have been reincarnated, you have to sort of have a loose understanding of time and that time is not layered, or I'm sorry, time is not linear like a calendar with weeks and months and days and hours and all that. It is stacked or layered, time is layered. And so you can move through the connections of multiple timelines at the same time. Now that is complicated and I'm not going to explain the depths of all that and I don't understand it all with my human brain. I just know that time is layered. It's like a sub sandwich, my friends. It's not like straight and boring and plain and dictated and specific and directed. All right. So therefore, we can connect with spirit on multiple levels because no matter where your spirit is, you have a facet of yourself. So your spirit is just a part, the spirit that's in your body is just a speck of who you are. It's a speck of a greater whole of energy.  But that is part of a bigger whole. And so your spirit, your energy of your spirit is not just in one place. It's like the sunshine, the best way to describe this as it has been described to me through my healing team and my higher self understanding is that it's like we're rays of the sun, right? It's hard to look to the sun and see one source when there's multiple colors and multiple energies and multiple rays, right? And just because you don't see the sun, it's behind the clouds, doesn't mean it's not there. The same with your spirit. So the energy of you, your omnipresent as a spirit. So that speck of you is connected to other specks, is connected to other part of a whole, is connected to everything. That's why there's so many spiritual teachers and so much work that has been done around you are the universe, the universe is you. Like I am that I am. We are all one. That's what that means. So it is totally possible, not a problem to channel people to connect with people who've been reincarnated. It's not a problem. But I as a medium like from a practical standpoint, from a strategic technical standpoint, trying to connect with someone who's been reincarnated. If they're a famous person, they have this big spiritual energy. It's easy to find their ray of light. It's easy to find them and to connect with them. And for them to show up or blow up the energy aura of make it bigger so I can connect with that persona, that essence of that lifetime that they've lived easy to connect with that real easy. But every once in a while, if someone's in the process of like reincarnating, I just I don't know if others like excuse this too, but I can kind of tell or I can be like, gosh, it's really hard to hear you or it sounds like they're going through a tunnel. I can't call here every thing you're saying, I can only hear every word. So it kind of is like that, where I'm like, wow, wait a minute, I'm trying to connect with their energy or find their signal. And instead of here in this big energy light of who they are, who they've been, how we know them, I'm like trying to find, I'm like, I can kind of feel this. But I know it's over here somewhere. And they may be in the process of another transition. And I because of how I made you guys, again, I don't know if other psychics or mediums feel like this. And if you are a psychic a medium, go ahead and comment, share that. So I think it's really important here to above life channel that other all of the viewers here understand that there's different perspectives from us as professionals as psychics and mediums that there's different ways, there's no one right way to do any of this. Okay. And so I feel like, for me, my part of my role is transitions is helping people transform their lives, and understanding what their gifts are, what their purpose is in life, what they're passionate about, and help move them through resistance that they might be having or difficult circumstance that they're having in life, it could be a divorce, it could be something great, like they're starting a business or that a point in their life or they're just wanting something more. I work in transitions. My name is Bridget. That's my birth name. That's for a reason. So I knew I would never forget. But that's my job to bridge it. And so when I'm connecting with spirit, and I'm trying to connect in with the energy of that spirit, I might be here if they're in a process of a transition between one lifetime to another, or if they're newer in that lifetime, or if that lifetime, the new lifetime they're in right now, or their focus is on, they're going through some kind of a transition. They might be getting married, they might be having kids, they might be writing a book or something like that. And they have been this person in the past, but right now they're doing this and I can feel the multiple nodes of light, the multiple t lights that they are in the different places that they're in. So yes, that does also lead into questions about past lives. That we're going to have to say for another video because I have very strong opinions about, about focusing too much on past lives. I'm like thinking, Hey people, don't you think we should be focused on the present lifetime? Yeah, because why this is where the power is, you want to make change in your life, you want to create change in life, the present, not your past life, your present life is where you need to be focusing. It's too often we can get distracted by the past. In fact, I just saw this on social media. It's not my quote. It's a famous quote, people will know that. I don't know who said it though. It's don't look back. Don't look back. You're not going that way. You're not going that way. And technically our mind understands time as in past, present and future. But again, if you feel or if you can open your mind to the fact that time is layered, then that means you can flow between the energy and access your gifts and skills in different timelines. But that also means that it is so very important to be grounded and centered in this lifetime, because this is where your consciousness is aligned. Your spirit is aligned in a body where your mind is present to help you express and, and manifest the purpose of this lifetime is the most important right here right now is most important for you because you're you're in alignment. You got a body, you got a mind, you got a heart and a soul. You're totally you're the whole total package baby right here right now. All right. So that's my response to reincarnation. Yeah, it's possible to channel them. And, and actually there was one I think it was, I think it was with my Nat King Cole. I did over the holiday. I did a Nat King Cole channeling and his channeling if you want to look for that it's on a playlist for the holidays during the Christmas holiday I think is when I did it in 2018. But it's a playlist a holiday playlist. And that one was so clearly I'm like, Whoa, he's he's reincarnating, reincarnating or just recently reincarnated or something was going on with the reincarnation because I couldn't quite find the, and then as soon as I realized where he was the energy was home base, I was able to connect with both and both and bring it together. And I was able to focus more on the personification of who he had been for all of us. So I knew where to go pull out the file, plug my little USB port into and go a little channel. See, so if you're interested in that, you want to know more about that I actually talked about that in that video with Nat King Cole channeling. So this is Bridget at above life channel. It's been my pleasure to respond to a really great comment about how it's possible to channel if someone's reincarnated. How do I know if they are not? Thank you so much for watching. I appreciate you so very much. Remember the purpose at above life channel is always to inspire your spirit to fill you with hope because this is your life. It's your life. So live it. Thanks for watching.


everyone welcome to class on Christology you're ready for our class yes okay last week we looked at the week before that I mean class our first class we looked at what is Christology so a student of Christology will basically study what student in Christology will study okay of humanity and the divinity of Jesus Christ how it co-exist in perfect unity in the person of Jesus Christ sorry somebody was saying something okay what else will we study in Christology okay so we prove the deity of Christ to prove the deity of Christ what will we be looking at okay thank you Kofi what else pre-existence of God what else to understand that Jesus was truly human okay we look at also the humanity of Jesus but first we will look at the divinity of Jesus so for to prove that Jesus is God we prove his pre-existence what else nature and attributes of Jesus Christ okay the nature and the attributes of the form of God that is Morphe the Greek word means the nature the characteristic the attributes that may God God if we prove that Jesus has the nature of God we prove that he is God so we looked at that what else yes his equality with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit yes thank you okay so the first lesson we looked at his pre-existence we looked at some scripture passages what are some of the scripture passages we look for the pre-existence of Christ John 1 1 2 3 okay John 8 58 thank you Nelson John 114 John 114 thank you Warren Philippines 25 to 7 are in-person students are saying Philippines 25 to 7 Colossians 117 thank you yeah sorry revelation 21 okay okay so we looked at various scripture passages and we're trying to prove from scripture and you know prove that Christ is divine that he is God we prove this pre-existence from scripture we are look last class we began looking at his equality with the Father and the Holy Spirit so to prove his equality with the Father we looked at already scripture passages that we had studied so we looked at John chapter 1 verses 1 to 3 what else did we look at Philippians chapter 2 verses 5 to 7 thank you John 8 58 thank you yes and then we looked at the titles that are ascribed to God the Father what are some of the titles ascribed to God the Father that Jesus ascribes to himself the mighty God the mighty God in Isaiah 96 everlasting okay that is ascribed to God and is also ascribed to Jesus but what are some of the titles that Jesus ascribes to himself which is ascribed to God alpha and omega sorry I am okay I am thank you Andrew yes go ahead sorry Kofi we didn't hear you alpha and omega yes thank you alpha and omega the first and the last besides him there's no God so that is what God the Father reveals about himself Isaiah chapter 44 was 6 Isaiah chapter 48 was 12 the same thing we see Jesus ascribing to himself in Revelation chapter 1 verse 8 and like Joseph said Revelation chapter 22 verse 13 okay and we look at two more scripture passages in the New Testament where it talks about Jesus his being eternally God who's overall but before that I would like to look at his passage of scripture that's not given in your notes but something that Jesus another in a passage in scripture very important that Jesus proves that he is equal to God the Father that he is God any idea where the scripture passages in the Gospels where the Pharisees were so angry that they took the stones to stone Jesus because was blasphemy because he was claiming to be equal with God the Father this is John chapter no okay that is one place another scripture passage John chapter 5 okay look at the priest on to John chapter 5 verses 1 to 15 okay in this passage of scripture Jesus is where there is this narrative taking place in John chapter 5 but side of the yes the pool of Bethesda but cider okay and Jesus goes there and there are many people who are paralyzed invalid lame you know lying there for the mortar to move how many people does Jesus heal in that place only one an invalid man was invalid for how many years 38 years okay and Jesus tells him pick up your Martin walk so this man is so excited he's healed except it's Martin walks and what are the Pharisees when they look at him tell him yeah it's a day of Sabbath and how dare you pick up your Martin walk they're not it's so sad right they're not happy for this man who cannot walk for 38 years they're more bothered about the law that he's broken about taking his mat up and walking on a Sabbath and they said who he says I don't know the man who he told me to pick up your Martin walk and they ask him who this is and they don't know he doesn't know who it was okay and later on Jesus is skipped out in the crowd later on he finds Jesus and Jesus tells him go leave your life of sin right whereas yeah a worse 14 you know it says go and leave your life of sin otherwise something worse will come upon you and then he realizes that it is Jesus and he goes and tells the Pharisees that it is Jesus and so they're very angry with Jesus and they come to Jesus and what does Jesus say they ask him how can you do these things on the Sabbath what does Jesus say look at verse 17 can somebody read verse 17 please you're reading it please use the mic as our online students can read there's no mic for okay John chapter 5 verse 17 but Jesus answered them my father has been working until now and I have been working so since my father is always at his work to this very day and I too am working or my father has been working until now and I have also been working okay so we see that you know Jesus is equaling himself with God the father okay and he's calling God as his own father and this angers the Pharisees very greatly okay look at what Jesus says in verse 19 I can read from verses 19 to verse 27 can somebody read that please so Jesus answered them by saying I assure you most solemnly I tell you the son is able to do nothing of himself but he is able to do only what he sees the father doing for whatever the father does is what the son does in the same way the father dearly loves the son and discloses to him everything that he himself does and he will disclose to him greater things yet than these so that you may marvel and be full of wonder and astonishment just as the father raises up the dead and gives them life even so the son also gives life to whomever he wills and is pleased to give it even the father judges no one or he has given all judgment entirely into the hands of the son so that all men may give honor to the son just as they give honor to the father who has sent him amen thank you so here we see that the religious leaders are already angry with Jesus because he's done this miracle on a Sabbath now to he could have you know smoothened out things but instead of smoothing out things he's adding to the controversy he's adding to the controversy by claiming himself to be equal with God by calling God his father so by saying that God was his father Jesus was basically claiming that he was equal with God the father in terms of his nature in terms of his privileges in terms of power okay so for example if you say that so-and-so is your father you're basically saying you know you possess the same human nature as him along with all the other qualities that describe your your earthly father or your earthly dad okay so likewise when Jesus was claiming that God is his father he's claiming to possess the same divine nature as God himself okay along with all the other divine attributes and so the Jews they understood that Jesus is saying that hey I'm equal with God the father look at what he says in in the same chapter in verse 21 he says for as a father raises the dead and gives life to them even so the son gives life to whom he he wills so now the Jews are saying hey we know only one person who can give life and who is that or who raises the dead and who is that God and so when Jesus is saying that he also can give life he's saying that he's equal to God the father which means he is God okay so the Jews understood that God only had the power to give life and now Jesus is claiming he had the same power as God the father look at what he says in verse 22 for the father judges no one but has committed all judgment to the sons and yet again the Jesus knew that the Jews knew that God alone was the one who would judge the world my just and by Jesus claiming that the father has given him this privilege you know they are so angry with him so how can you say that you are God when you are just man when you're born here on this earth so why does Jesus say because all should honor the son just as they honor the father verse 23 why is Jesus saying all of this he's saying hey I'm saying all of this because you need to honor the son just as you honor the father and Jesus goes on to say he who does not honor the son does not honor the father who sent me again he is getting the Jews very very angry why because the Jews believe that only God had to be honored and worship you know to the extent that the Jews never even gave honor and respect to the rulers and authorities the rulers and authorities like Nero and all of these and Caesar and everyone who ruled Rome they were act like gods you know they would want to be ascribed the title of savior okay if you look in in the Roman history okay and they would be they deserve they looked at themselves as people who deserve the position and the honor respect of God and the for Jews that was something they did not tolerate they would just not respect and honor their leaders one reason why because they were already you know treating them very badly and imposing great taxes and also because they had to worship and honor only God and when Jesus is saying and claiming the same right to be worshiped and honored as a father you know they they are even more angry and Jesus is actually saying this emphasize the unity that he has with the father the unity between that exists between the father and the son so he saying what is done to one should also be done to the others because we are co-equal we are equal because we have the same nature the same attributes we are God we are co-equal okay in John chapter 14 verse 28 Jesus says you've heard me say to you I'm going away and coming back to you if you love me you would rejoice because I said I'm going to the father for my father is greater than I okay so now some people say how can you say that Jesus is co-equal with the father when Jesus himself says in John chapter 14 verse 28 for my father is greater than I and some people use this verse and say hey hence we can prove that Jesus himself is saying that he is no he's not co-equal with God the father and hence he's not God he can be an intermediary to God or he can be a prophet or he can be someone who's a mediator between God and man but he is not God because here he says for my father is greater than I so what does Jesus mean when he says a father is greater than I or he is a little less than the father in other words what does he mean hello what does he mean have you ever thought of it yes Lucy what does Jesus mean when he says that now what we need to understand from this verse is Jesus is basically describing his role to the father and not his nature by nature God the father God the son God the Holy Spirit are co-equal they have the same nature the same attributes the same essence that makes God God but here when Jesus is talking that God the father is greater than I he's describing his role to the father and not his nature okay they have different roles God the father God the son God the Holy Spirit have different roles but their nature is one they're co-equal three persons of the Trinity but they have different roles and we can understand this in our context in the context of marriage okay in the context of a marriage relationship you know we read in Ephesians chapter 5 verse 23 that who's the head of the family the husband is the head of the family and the wife has to submit to the husband just like the church submits to Christ okay so here are we talking are they is does it mean that in nature the husband is greater than the wife no only in role why in nature they are not you know they are not different but they are co-equal because of what we see in Genesis chapter 1 verse 27 you know God created them what do we read in Genesis chapter 1 verse 27 God created them male and female and he created them both in his image that means both are co-equal okay we also read in Galatians chapter 3 verse 28 for God there is no Juno Gentile slave no free male no female but all are one in Christ Jesus so when we're saying hey in a family who's the head the head is the husband okay so in God's governmental structure in the family who is the head the husband in God's structure in the church who is the head right but when you look at it in the earthly way it's the pastor right and I'm not looking at in the whole spiritual sense but in the governmental structure I'm talking about in God's governmental structure you know in God's governmental structure in the workplace who is the head the pastor okay in your in your workplace who is the head in the manager of the boss the CEO with the company okay so so we have God's governmental structure in various areas of our life and God is appointed the head it does not mean just because your boss is the head in the office he is greater in you by his nature no we are co-equals the same way pastor is the head in the church but the same nature they're all created okay equal in Christ the same way in the marriage relationship so here we can look at the marriage relationship of course in a very dim reflection of the persons of the Godhead okay they're co-equal in their nature they're co-equal as eternal persons of the Trinity in their divine nature they're co-equal in the attributes in their essence they're co-equal but when it comes to their role the father is greater than the son okay that is what we need to remember very important so why I'm pointing out the scripture passage in John chapter 14 was 28 is because when you go and preach and teach to people and say hey Jesus said this in John chapter 8 was 58 you know he in Revelation chapter 22 he ascribes himself the same titles and the names given to God the father and in John chapter 5 you know he's proving he's co-equal with God the father that he is God himself because of you know he can judge he can give life and he deserves the honor and the glory that is ascribed and the worship is ascribed only to the father and somebody can say wait a minute and point out to John chapter 14 verse 20 hey here it says Jesus himself is saying you know the father is greater than I then you have to talk about greater in terms of role not in terms of nature or attributes you all understand yes okay so another two places that we can this was not in your notes but I'm just explaining because a very important passage of scriptures I thought I could use that and explain it to you other two passage of scriptures that are given in your notes where we can prove that Christ is overall that he is eternal is Romans chapter 9 verses 4 and 5 can somebody read that please it's in your notes Romans chapter 9 verses 4 and 5 and someone read online students anyone Lucy go ahead a sister Romans chapter 9 4 and 5 who are Israelites to whom 14 the adoption the glory the covenants the giving of the law the service of God and the promises of whom are the fathers and from whom according to the flesh Christ came who is overall the eternally blessed God amen thank you Lucy here in in Romans chapter 9 verses 4 and 5 there are two important facts that we see about Jesus Christ what is the first one Jesus Christ is the last phrase eternally blessed God before eternally blessed God the last who is overall thank you he's overall okay he's overall and what does it mean when we say he's overall he's above everything yes master master king master king lord sovereign supreme supreme and authority supreme and power okay so he's overall which means he's supreme the authority he's lord he is master okay what do we understand by this phrase which Paul says eternally blessed God eternally blessed God means eternally means what forever and ever okay sorry kofi yeah forever and ever forever and ever thank you kofi sorry you were saying something no beginning no end from eternity to eternity and he's the one who's worthy to receive all honor blessing glory because he is God and he's co-equal with God the father and God the holy spirit okay a last reference we can look at is Titus chapter 2 verse 13 okay can somebody read that please looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and savior Jesus Christ amen thank you Warren so looking for the blessed hope and a glorious appearing of our great God and savior Jesus Christ so here they say here Paul is writing to Titus and he's saying Jesus is our great God and so then we cannot deny the fact that Jesus is God that he is deity you know because scriptures reveal very clearly to us that Jesus is God he's not demigod he's not a mediator intermediary between God and man but he is God himself okay so we looked at various scripture passages that prove to us that Jesus is co-equal with God the father we will look at one scripture passage that talks about Jesus being co-equal with God the holy spirit okay let's look at John chapter 15 verse 26 can somebody read that please John 15 26 John chapter 15 verse 26 but when the helper comes oh my shell send to you from the father the spirit of truth who proceeds from the father he will testify of me amen so here Jesus is saying you know when I go back I am going to send you a helper now Jesus is telling the disciples hey I'm going to go away soon the disciples are very very sad they're feeling lost they're feeling disappointed you know by Jesus saying hey don't worry you know when I go back to the father the father is going to send you the spirit of truth okay I shall send you the holy spirit who comes from the father he will testify of me so look at the equality in terms of origin okay where did Jesus come from where did Jesus come from from the father Jesus says I've come from the father I'm going back to the father is very clear about that so look at where he's saying the spirit of truth will come from from where from the father yes from the father so note the equality in origin okay and also note the equality in terms of unity okay the spirit of God comes from the father and is going to reveal Jesus Christ to them so in operation there's unity there's oneness between the father son and the holy spirit even though they have different roles okay now for us it can be confusing to understand we are trying to understand this infinite God with our little small minds a little understanding okay but for God there is no confusion okay so it's a confusion some people ask me ma'am how oh oh who do we know when to call no in which instance or circumstances should I know to call God the father or God the Son or God the Holy Spirit you know so it can be something like a big question mark for us but for God it's not confusing hey who's going to Nelson's need who's going to you know uh John meet John's need for them between them there's no confusion because there's there's oneness there's perfect unity there's one God okay but for us we are trying to comprehend and understand Trinity so we have all of these questions but for them there's perfection in their operation there's unity and there's oneness yes Warren just a quick one sister so on this point I've always wondered you know because when we pray normally we say we'll open our prayer to their father or their father God but then we say thank you Jesus praise you Jesus so you know I've always wondered because are we doing the right thing we're doing that or can we just call one God and it refers to everyone they're not going to get upset if you say you know God the father we come to you in Jesus name the father is not going to get upset or angry the father is not when you when you say thank you God and we worship you Jesus we praise you Jesus the father and the Holy Spirit is not going to get angry because there is perfect unity in them and you're just talking to God the father you're talking to Jesus you're talking to Holy Spirit we're calling on the Holy Spirit actually calling upon God the father God the son okay so just the just the one God so they are not going to be sad you don't have to be you know trying to figure out who to call who to say you know if you find that a little mind-boggling little confusing you can just say God that's more than enough you know sister when we pray and close our prayers we say in the mighty name of the Lord Jesus Christ we pray amen and how does that how does it apply it applies because you know we are not worthy to come before God and when Jesus that on the cross the veil of the temple was torn into two and we have access so we can like Hebrew says we have we can come before the throne of grace with confidence to receive grace and mercy to help us in that time of need where do we receive this grace and mercy because of what Jesus is done on the cross and who is our great interceding high priest Hebrew says it is Jesus okay so Jesus is our great interceding high priest so even so if you say we ask this in the name of the Lord and say we're Jesus Christ we're basically saying we're basing this prayer not on the works that we have done not because we are qualified we have nowhere to stand but because of what Jesus is done on the cross because he has made that full sufficient perfect sacrifice with which God the Father was pleased which which God the Father was said there is no more need for any more payment for the remission of the forgiveness of sin so we're standing on that we're declaring that so that is why we say we ask all this in the name of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ thank you sister yes does that help Warren yes thank you sister really okay okay any questions on chapter 2 equality with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit any questions Nelson you have a question no any questions here let's see sorry you have any question no okay sorry any questions from our online students okay there are no questions we move on to chapter 3 in chapters 1 and 2 we basically study the deity of Christ we establish the fact that Jesus is God by looking at various scripture passages that point to his pre-existence in chapter 2 we looked at his equality with God the Father and God the Holy Spirit and we looked at various scripture passages to establish that now in lesson 3 we will again look at another aspect that will prove to us that Jesus is God and what is that what are the aspects and we look at to prove that Jesus is God that he's a creator God right that he's a one who created everything that we see he was there you know even before creation to bring about everything so by doing so we look at various scripture passages that prove to us by doing so we'll see that Christ is the creator and hence we will prove again that he is deity okay so in this chapter 3 we will basically briefly be looking at Christ's role in creation okay we look at again the familiar passage of scripture that we began looking at in chapter 1 and chapter 2 and that is what is the familiar scripture that we looked at in John chapter 1 sorry yes okay gave out the answer in chapter 1 and chapter 2 thank you all of you said John chapter 1 verses 1 2 3 so we also looked at in the beginning was the word okay so he existed even before the foundation of the world even for the creation the world we saw that he was equal with God he is God because he was with God the Father and the word was God and all things were made through him verse 3 so everything that we see in creation was made through him and without him nothing was made that was made okay so again this verse you can prove that Jesus is God that he is creator he created everything John chapter 1 verse 3 another important scripture passage is Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 now Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 has been called a great Christology okay because it sets forth Paul's inspired no he's inspired by the Holy Spirit and inspired conviction and understanding of just who Jesus Christ is okay and in Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 Paul basically highlights several unique characteristics that qualify Jesus Christ to be the preeminent one who is supreme over all things okay is supreme over all things and there is no other passage in the New Testament that lists out so many characteristics that points to Christ's deity as it's we see in Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 and that's why it's called a great Christology because it's revealing the the person and the work of Jesus in the in the in the following verses as well and also talking about Jesus's humanity and divinity okay because in the short powerful scripture passage you know it presents to us the supremacy of the person of Christ in relationship with God verse 15 we see in verses 16 to 7 his 16 and 17 we see his relation to creation and in verse 18 we see his relationship with the church and some of these things that I'm saying are not in your notes so maybe if you have to look and write down it's good so we look in and study in depth Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 which is called a great Christology a very powerful scripture passage which we can study we can preach we can teach about when it comes to establishing the deity of Jesus Christ so can somebody please read Colossians chapter 1 the deity and the humanity of Jesus Christ so can somebody please read Colossians chapter 1 verses 15 to 18 please now he is the exact likeness of the unseen God the visible representation of the invisible he is the first born of all creation for it was in him that all things were created in heaven and on earth things seen and things unseen whether thrones dominions rulers or authorities all things were created and exist through him and in and for him and he himself existed before all things and in him all things consist he also is the head of his body the church seeing he is the beginning the first born from among the dead so that he alone in everything and in every respect might occupy the chief please amen so what are some of the unique characteristics that you know we see about Jesus Christ here the first one first one before that he's an image of the invisible God which means he is God becoming man who we can see so you know God who we cannot see who's invisible but he's an image of the invisible God the second thing is a first born over all creation the third one yes the creator of the universe which means creator means the architects the builder the goal of the entire universe the fourth one was the fourth one he sustains all of creation okay the fifth one he is the head or the sovereign of the new creation who's a new creation we all are the new creation so we are the church right so he's sovereign or head of the new creation which is the church sixth one it's not there in your notes okay so what's the sixth one look at this the passage in scripture he's the first born from the dead okay and the seventh one the pre-eminent one over all things so would you like to just maybe highlight it in your bibles or write down the points the first one is the he's the image of the invisible God image of the invisible God the second one the first born over all creation first born over all creation the third one he's a creator of the universe the fourth one yeah the fourth one he's a sustainer of creation one who sustains creation the fifth one he is the sovereign or he's the head his authority over the church which is a new creation he's the sovereign or the head of the new creation which is the church the sixth one he is the first born from the dead he's the first born from the dead and the seventh one he is a pre-eminent one of all things and if you look at verses 19 and 20 it also talks about the work of Christ this passage does not just talk Paul is not just highlighting the unique characteristics of the person of Jesus Christ also talking about the work of Jesus Christ where in verses 19 and 20 he says in verse 19 he says for God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him and through him to reconcile to himself all things whether things on earth or things in heaven by making peace through his blood which he shed on the cross so it's also talking about salvation here so here we see that you know there and you know there's no other passage in the New Testament that lists so many characteristics that point to Christ's deity that is found in the short powerful passage and I told you it presents it presents a supremacy of the person of Christ in relationship to God in verse 15 talks about his relationship to creation in verses 16 and 17 and in verses 18 he talks about his relationship with the church now we're just studying each of these phrases in detail okay so we can understand you know the first one is he is the image of the invisible God okay so Paul is basically asserting Paul is basically saying that Christ is nothing less or he is the exact and the unique image of the invisible God okay now if you look at this word image in Greek it basically expresses two concepts this word image basically expresses two concepts it expresses the concept of representation and manifestation okay all this is not in your notes so maybe if you want to make down the notes you can so this word image you know expresses two concepts representation and manifestation okay so image an image can be a representation okay and you know like for example you say you know what is your goal in life you know my goal in life is to represent Christ that means to be Christ wherever Christ has placed me okay so a representation can sometimes be faulty can sometimes be perfect enough now when a representation is perfect enough it becomes a manifestation okay so Christ Jesus was Jesus was a manifestation of God the Father he manifested God that means manifestation means an exact representation exact representation now I my goal is you know purpose in life is to represent Jesus Christ but I have my own weaknesses and sometimes I fail and most often I fail to represent Christ so I'm not an exact manifestation of Jesus Christ okay but Jesus when we say he was the exact image of the invisible God means he was a manifest he was God so is a perfect manifestation of God which means you know by looking at Jesus we are exactly looking at God himself when we look at Jesus his nature and attributes his works we're looking at the exact nature attributes in the works of God him a self okay so Paul uses the word he's an image of God and Paul is using the in Greek when you study the Greek language a very rich language so you need to study each word in different tenses present tense present future tense present past tense you know all of that and when you study all one word in the entire tenses the meaning of that word and the meaning of that entire phrase comes alive and is so powerful what we read in English it's just just a very minute what do you say minute translation of what is there in the Greek but when you study the Greek it's so so rich so here you know the Paul uses the present tense Greek word which stresses that Christ is always so when you translate it in the present tense this word image of God you know it actually means Christ is always and everywhere the manifestation of God so he's not just the image of God which is oh his image of God no it means he's the exact representation it means he's the exact manifestation it also stresses that Christ is always and everywhere the manifestation of God so the very nature and the characteristic of God is very perfectly revealed in Jesus Christ okay in him the invisible God becomes visible okay both the old and the New Testament make it very plain to us that no one has seen God and no one can ever see God okay but John chapter one was 18 says the only begotten son who's in the bosom of the father has made him known right John chapter one was 18 the word became flesh and we beheld his glory and was 18 says the only begotten son who's in the bosom of the father has made him know so this is the meaning of the word image so when somebody says he's an image of the invisible God means you can we can they can say hey he just looks like God but he's not God but you need to explain to them he is the exact manifestation the exact representation of the manifestation of who God is so Christ is always and everywhere the manifestation of God the second one he is the first born over all creation what do we mean by this he's the first born over all creation sorry well in the beginning he was in the beginning okay was there before the beginning it was not from the beginning but he was in the beginning right okay now when you look at this word first born the Greek word is protocotos so when you look at this Greek word protocotos it means first born but if it if if and it does not mean first created okay it does not mean that Jesus was first created then all of us so if it if it was Jesus was first created then the Greek word would be protocotosis okay the Greek word is not prototosis which means first created it means that he is first born okay now if you look at this Greek word protocotos which means first born and not prototosis which means first created it means it has two connotations okay the word protos means first in time and first in rank okay protos in the English means first okay but it means you're first in time and first in rank which implies first in priority and first in sovereignty okay very interesting when you will study the Greek so here first born so somebody can say hey he's the first born of creation which means he was born first then all of us were born but you need to tell them hey he's not that he was first created in terms of the Greek word prototosis but he is first born the Greek word is protocotos and protos means first in rank and first in time and which implies first in priority and first in sovereignty so the first born basically denotes two things of Christ okay which means he's a first born means he's preceded the whole of creation he's before all of creation so when you say that you know priority the word priority first in priority priority the other Greek the other English word is precedence so he says he's you know he precedes the whole of creation which means he is before all of creation and when we say that he's sovereign means that he's sovereign means he's supreme he's absolute independent over all creation so the word first born implies that Christ precedence to all of creation priority means precedence to all of creation and means sovereignty over all creation so sovereignty rank sovereign in rank head supreme authority rank so proto first first in priority first in rank so it means first in that he precedes all of creation and sovereignty means he is over all creation okay I hope it was a very interesting study of Colossians chapter one we'll continue to study anyone has any questions or all of you able to understand me all of you with me or it's going to weigh above your heads no okay thank you Lucy thank you thank you Andrew thank you shaker okay the no more questions we'll end class here sorry Warren you had your hand up sorry it was a mistake I wanted to say a thumbs up okay thank you we are going to miss our next class that is on Friday because of CLC so I'll meet you next Tuesday and then we will miss the following Friday as well because it's 26 so I'm going to miss two classes but we will look at what we can do best okay have a blessed week everyone and see you next Tuesday thank you


Computational Audiology Network Complex models, technical care, digital health and patient-centered outcomes Welcome everybody, I'm really excited to record this second episode of the Computational Audiology Network podcast and I'm really happy with today's guests, Jessica Monneken, she's working for the Null at Sydney Good morning Jessica Good morning And Nicky Chung White, she's also working for Null at Sydney, good morning Nicky Morning And thank you Jessica and Nicky for spending your weekend in this podcast or sacrificing it And Dmitri Karnesky from Google, you're stationed in New York, so good afternoon Dmitri Good afternoon Good to see you all and before we further start this interview I would like to explain everybody at home the system we are using So I'll prepare a short statement, a disclaimer So you're witnessing a recording of an interview that was prepared as an experiment using automated speech recognition So that's a system that translates speech to text, all live One of the participants, Dmitri Karnesky is deaf and he reads the transcript And he needs this to follow the discussion, the other participants are normal hearing And we all need to take time to read the transcript and confirm that we understand each other So that's for us, something new to take into account I'm used to listening to somebody and reading then sometimes the transcript but not talking myself and reading the transcript So we'll see how that will work out We are using Google Meet and Google Relate It's a prototype system not yet publicly released And it's been specifically trained on Dmitri's speech And in addition we are in different time zones Jessica and Nikki are 10 hours ahead of us And Dmitri is 6 hours lagging so we are 16 hours apart And we haven't met in person before so that can be sometimes a barrier And English is not my first language nor Dmitri's So that might be a challenge for the speech recognition system as well So let's hope that technology will not fail us And there will be a video recording and audio only recording And the edited video recording will also include the transcript of what is said by Dmitri And I guess for people at home the final recording may look different than from how it's experienced live I was really glad that we were able to practice this a little bit And I would like to continue with introducing the first guest, Jessica Monaghan Jessica I think we met two years ago If I remember well You remember the VCCA? Yes, I remember I gave the first talk Yes indeed and I remember I was a little nervous And I think your video clip it didn't start up right away But you kept your cool and I thought I guess it will bring good luck today as well So you work as a research scientist in Sydney and with a special interest in machine learning in audiology You studied physics in Cambridge in the UK and received a PhD in Nottingham And then you continued working as a research fellow in Southampton And your work is focused on speech recognition and how to improve this in case of hearing loss And you shared that you recently have studied the effect of face masks on speech recognition And Jessica could you explain us your initial interest for ASR or automated speech recognition Thank you, so I started researching using ASR as a master's student in Roy Patterson's lab in Cambridge And that was also my first experience of research and my first introduction to using machine learning So that was something that I found really fascinating And there I was working on a project trying to improve the robustness of speech recognition to different talk By using a human auditory model as a front end To try and give it the same robustness to different speakers When a human hears someone talk they hear the same thing no matter what someone's saying And despite the different acoustics of the situation But yeah at the time automatic speech recognition had to be trained a bit more for individual speakers So that was really interesting and I worked in other areas for my PhD and post-doc Or they're still looking at machine learning But I always retained this interest in automatic speech recognition And then when I started working at now that was in 2020 So it's just at the start of the pandemic and so we were seeing the impact of face masks and barriers on communication Particularly in clinics and so we've done this research looking at how face masks impacted speech And how we could apply a particular gain to try and improve understanding for hearing aid users And with the ubiquity of ASR by that point and having it on different devices Then it was clear that to us that that could be used to aid communication So I was really excited to work on NowScribe with Niki And she'll probably talk more about that Yes I'm sure that Niki will further explain NowScribe And I just wondered with this effect of the face mask is it then more acoustics like filtering Or does it have an effect on your articulation? Apparently there isn't much effect on your articulation It really is just the filtering effect of the mask Because I experienced sometimes that if you wear a mask and then your chin is pulling more or less your mask from your nose And then you're well maybe not articulating that well but you didn't see that effect No in fact for instance surgical face masks they have much effect on the acoustics Even though they're constricting your face in the same way as other masks But yeah it seems to be just an acoustic filter So it was primarily a gain or some compensation that you could then build into your system Yes that's right so you could apply it as an additional gain for hearing aids So that would be a setting that they could change to a mask mode when they needed that Ah cool so you've applied it to different devices both the NowScribe then as in hearing aids prescriptions So yeah we haven't applied that to NowScribe but we did find that it worked quite well with masks nevertheless We did some tests on that Ah okay yeah I thought that it was also applied to NowScribes but it's then in the hearing aid devices and the rehabilitation that you applied it Yes that's right we considered applying it to NowScribe But since you're able to be quite close to the microphone then the calculations were done assuming the talker would be at some distance from the speaker So yeah we found it wasn't really necessary Okay good to know and then I guess a good moment to get over to Niki Niki you led the development of the app Previously you studied electrical engineering at the University of Auckland in New Zealand And you received the PhD in speed signal processing at the University of Wollongong in Australia You recognized at least the name And then you worked as a DSP engineer with several research organizations including Motorola Australian Research Centre and the AT&T Labs I see that you hold 10 patents and yeah you were the lead developer of NowScribe, a live captioning app to help people hearing difficulties Could you explain us why you started developing this app or why your interest in speech recognition initiated Yeah thanks for the introduction, I'm impressed that it's got Wollongong for it There you go and so someone must have programmed that and I'm sure Yes I did my PhD in speech signal processing at Wollongong University And that was probably my first sort of introduction to digital signal processing techniques to analyze speech features And find efficient sort of parameter representations of speech And so even though during my PhD I was focused on speech analysis and coding and a little bit of synthesis It's all the same methods that are used in speech recognition so it was quite a strong foundation And then after that when I worked at AT&T Labs and I think one of my first meetings there was a presentation by a group who had just recently They recently released this new intelligent voice response system which was called Behind the Scenes We called it How May I Help You and that was when an AT&T customer could just ring up on the phone And instead of being met with this automated sort of robotic system that said press one for accounts, press two for products and services You just had a voice, another automated voice that said how may I help you And the customer could just speak naturally and say no I'd like to pay my bill And that was quite mind blowing at the time, this was late 90s early 2000s And I think was the first sort of system like that And then I think that really inspired me to delve more into speech recognition and natural language understanding So yeah fast forward 20 years, we're working at NAL And with the pandemic and we saw now opportunities where we could revisit what we've done previously in speech recognition And really now not so much develop it further ourselves that how do we apply that speech recognition technology And package it in an easy way for people to access And yeah that was when we were doing research on a lot of user research on the problems they were finding With communication, with masks especially That was when we thought there's a real opportunity here to produce something that can really help people and make a difference Because we were discovering people had really strong emotions Like negative emotions when they were trying to communicate Frustration and embarrassment and anxiety People who didn't want to go out, like they were staying home or avoiding both social interactions Because all those communication difficulties So that was the motivation behind NAL thread Wow yeah and also impressive how much has happened then in well 20 years in improvement in the system So if I understand well it has been more focused on the last part in the design how to make people use the technology Or that you translated into benefits for persons in using it Yeah that's right amazing researchers like the people at Google and Apple and Microsoft Who have done all the hard yards and collected all this data that we now have these more sophisticated training methods We're not just using our acoustic models and having this little speech corpus to work with It's just millions and more than millions hours of speech in real situations from YouTube from phone calls from everything Our focus at NAL is how do we turn that into something that can help people Thank you Nikki and I think we cannot wait any longer with listening to Dmitri who has done quite some work I guess that was important preparation for the later work done by Nikki and Jessica Dmitri you work as a researcher at Google, you lost your hearing in early childhoods I understood you studied mathematics in Moscow and also received the PhD there And then you started working at various research centers including the Max Planck Institute in Bonn in Germany And also the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton the USA And then you joined IBM in 1986 And I think you've been working for more than 25 years in speech recognition if I'm correct Dmitri And then you joined Google somewhere in the last five years I think I didn't know the exact date I saw that you had developed Google Live Transcribe Google Relate the systems we are now using today But you also worked on other technologies to improve accessibility And in 2012 Dmitri was honored at the White House as a champion of change for his efforts to advance access to science, technology, engineering and math for people with disabilities And Dmitri currently holds over 295 patents So I hope this was captured well and Dmitri I'm really honored to have you here in the show And I wondered with your motivation to work on speech recognition when you decided to study mathematics Did you already have that ambition then to work on in this field? I had no intention to do speech recognition when I did math After my dream was to work forever in mathematics But then after I received PhD at that time it was Soviet Union My family and I decided to immigrate to Israel and I repeat very well in Russia But I realized I would not be able to repeat so well in Hebrew and in English So I knew that Hapchik helped me to repeat but so while I was waiting for permission from Soviet Union to immigrate to Israel It was about 10 months of young electric engineering and developed Hapchik wearable device that has terror channels One channel just for low band audio that amplification but as it transformed high frequencies to low frequencies So I could understand frequencies In Hebrew you have a lot, shalom, shabbat, akshah I took this device to Israel It had small speech recognition technology And I got some grant from Israel government And there were startups And this device had a lot of impact It was first wearable Hapchik device But I continued to do mathematics But when I immigrated, when I went to America and worked at the Institute for Advanced Studies It was very difficult because there were no transcription services at all in America I decided that I should have opened a speech recognition It had a temporal break in mathematics And it gave me communication means for me And because I gave Hapchik speech recognition technology I was speech recognition talk me I did not talk about the most abstract mathematics I was the first person who could do practical application In five years we developed speech recognition technology That would solve all my problems, other people's problems Five years passed And for the next five years For the next 35 years We developed good algorithm That was just significant But still not enough to be used for communication And to find a way to move to Google In the final we achieved very good critical accuracy Out team And I moved to California from New York to develop practical application This is my story And now you went back to mathematics I started to try to do mathematics And solve 50 years old mathematical problem That my advisor gave me 50 years ago And finally I had time to eat and finish it Great, so problem was a little bit underestimated You needed much more time to solve the problem of speech recognition And we are all having benefit of this today So glad to hear you have now more time for your other passion of mathematics But still is there a mathematics and the tools maybe that you developed there And for instance machine learning or the data analysis that is needed for speech recognition? First, I did a work as a mathematician in speech recognition I developed new optimization algorithm I don't know if you heard about Baum-Wirch algorithm For hidden marker for model That is the type it works only for polynomials For polynomial functions For maximum likelihood Nobody knew how to extend this to different kinds of objective facts Like maximum mutual information And my contribution was I discovered algorithm that called extended Baum-Wirch It extended efficient quasi-linear algorithm Different type of objective function It allows significantly improved speech recognition algorithm But now I am trying to apply my abstract mathematics Algebraic geometry number here in machine learning I am trying to develop new kind of machine learning That is based on more abstract mathematics Impressive and I must admit I am not able to fully grasp and appreciate it How you have been able to do this So I expect and also that you have been working probably in a team With many different specialists for developing for instance Google Live Transcribe Absolutely correct Google Live Transcribe became possible because I had very remarkable call walker My friend, chat call was compassionate Difficult as I had At that time I used only manual transcription services From stenography And I told chat that speech recognition already good enough You have already this speech recognition in Google Documents Google Docs But you need to click on the microphone each time that you want to speak And it immediately stops if you don't pause I could not use this for conversation So when we came to port this system into Android And gave me first prototype And this has started and Polish it Tested for user And there are many languages Like transcribe was born And got a few more very talented people Like Sager and Azos who was project manager And got team, big team of software developer That implemented this You got also simplification So you could check this Doc market Baby crying You can see that has more and more wonderful features For example now we are adding offline speech recognition Now live transcribe has offline speech recognition Before live transcribe required data Or by file connection Now you can use live transcribe It's beginning to be gone to public soon You can use this in air water While you're losing connection You can use this in India In Africa where there are no good network connection Wow that's a really important development Also the robustness of this system With low connectivity And Jessica I remember you also had a question For Dimitri that maybe fits in nicely I think now in his explanation so far So I was wondering if in your experience Of using ASR and developing it So did you to see a gradual improvement Or was there a particular step change That you can recall in the accuracy Yes two factors There is a significant improvement of accuracy For usual network of course Computers became powerful enough To process faster And second factor was That you got unlimited data for training From Lutrub This was actually my basic work at Google Because Lutrub has manually uploaded caption But manually uploaded caption has a lot of errors You couldn't use it directly For training speech recognition So you put filter That if high probability detected Each address segment Had good manual transcription And you got so much data In one day you suddenly improved Future recognition By many many percent I remember before that You could spend several years And we were happy to improve Future recognition accuracy By quarter percent Suddenly every day Five percent improvement Also more five percent improvement It was exciting in our team Wonderful Jessica do you have follow up questions Or Nikki is there something you would like to add Or ask to Dimitri? Yeah my main question to Dimitri was What are the next barriers to overcome Like that you see What's going to get you that Well I don't know if we can get an extra five percent Improvement but is there something That you see is holding back The accuracy to where it is today Or can we have Are we close to the limit Or is there still a lot of room for improvement I think the next barrier Is our people who have no standard Speech like me Only I do not find Many people speaking like me So you could not use data To create a model for me And if you have people who have A, S, S Now our future cognition Will work for them too But we need a record specific So Relate specific Get data from people Who have no standard To get a record And they'll get for them To get recognition But also this model is local What you see now Is not on network It is on my device And actors can understand you also very well Don't want to try Yet me Don't connect Don't want to speak And you will see it will start to Describe you Okay I'd say Nicky, honours yours to Have a try Now it's coming up Speak The next thing coming More personalized Speech recognition For individuals and training When I'm looking now And looking at your transcription And the transcription That comes with Google Meet I can definitely see That your transcription is better So it does Show a lot of promise for that individual Training And the benefits that you can get Yeah I guess The next thing is How can people do that Without spending a whole year To train like you have And many hours can that Being done more efficiently Maybe by I'm just thinking here And sounds and targeting That training material To make it Yeah, to improve accuracy So definitely Very interesting Times ahead And Dimitri My local Speech recognition Not all understand to me It understand other people This is one An answer to your question I see a solution coming When you get enough Classes of Similar speakers People who have HLS Got a lot of Speech From different people With HLS So a new person comes That person doesn't need to train Too much This is an eventual solution For all actions Accommodate a lot of class Yeah I actually had to Stop transcribing A local system That doesn't distract I had two Follow-up questions One is Beforehand we thought Will the system have troubles with our Accents Jessica, Niki and I All speak differently Looks like there have been Quite some clusters of British or New Zealanders Speeds Accent speeds So my question would be more like What role could clinics play Here because I think that clinics Can help in collecting Or motivating groups Of patients with similar Disease or similar Symptoms Similar Atypical speeds And that could help In collecting data What do you Three of you think of this And maybe Niki you have already Working also with different clinics In Australia What could there be An opportunity Sorry my AirPods just went flat there So I may I'm just relying on the captions I understand What you just said Yeah We because we release now Subscribe and we've been doing More clinical testing So we are looking at how It has been performing In Australian clinics In US clinics And now coming up In the Netherlands We do have different Variants of English that The user can select I'm not quite sure Yeah How different they are When you select Australian English Versus British English How similar Are these models But I think what's the question More in terms of atypical Speech we haven't actually delved Quite into that Yes but it would be interesting Yes I think it's also Looking it's about Finding useful clusters cause For instance in the UK also Have from city to city the Accent is different and You could Debate whether head is UK English or The same is also in the Netherlands That in some regions Yeah the accent is quite It's a dialect So then just the label Dutch Doesn't capture it all So how would what would be Then a good strategy to know When you have a valid Cluster or something or And I'm wondering who's Best to address that question In atypical speech So Nikki you didn't Yet look into this Problem No and we have been mainly Looking At the use case where It is a Normal hearing speaker Speaking to a hearing impaired person In that clinical setting To improve that communication Yeah definitely To look at more of that Two-way communication is something That would be really interesting But in the Yeah in the development Of Niles Fry we were Really looking at The hearing impaired person As the listener Okay yeah and then That brings me to the follow-up Question then for broader Applications of this technology Also what you now bring up The barriers Of communication between People Irregardless of hearing status So Nikki it's actually a good example Now that you are also Now relying on The transcription So we have now two people Listening and two people Reading So Nikki maybe you experienced Some new barriers And What do You think Could be the next Steps to Relief this and maybe good If I ask you Jessica If you would comment on How to further Yeah develop this with the opportunities That Well already are Described before Okay so I think the The next advance would be To take advantage of the technology That we already have So there are all these situations Where particularly at the moment Where there are in fact physical barriers To communication If someone with a hearing difficulty Goes to their DP clinic And they can't be understood at reception Because they're not using a technology That's widely available to I think that's excluding People unnecessarily So I think there are a lot of situations Where this could be Beneficial already And particularly in that situation Is quite a good one If you have a business that has a Tablet and a microphone Then even if you're in a noisy Waiting room Then they're able to take advantage Of that good signal to noise ratio And typically get very good captions So I think that's Using Existing technology And in terms of future technology I think it's very exciting Is the emergence of augmented reality Systems So AR glasses If you had captions on an AR glass AR glasses So you could see the captions When you look at a particular person Or different captions for different people And maybe additional Information So Sounds that are going on around you I think that would be a Is going to be a really wonderful Use of technology Yeah, I fully agree I think that could really Help in this augmented reality And It also brings me to another question Maybe to you, Niki If people start reading From a tablet How does it affect For instance the ability to Read lips And also include the facial expression Yes, we've had feedback And recommendations That we can put forward Based on the experience of just observing How people are interacting and using This technology In a clinic situation And definitely People with hearing loss And even people without hearing loss That's just become more apparent When everyone's wearing Face masks And even as a normal hearer I struggle to understand Because they've just taken away This facial lip cue Which I didn't really even know I was using Now that I don't have it I find I just need to concentrate Harder on understanding So we do encourage When it's used for the tablet To be placed close to the person's face So that they can Don't have to do a full head turn To turn between the tablet And the person speaking We're encouraging people to pause more After that While in between So that the person who's Reading the caption has time To basically catch up We've found a lot of people saying They like the captions To confirm what they've heard So a lot of people May be listening and be able to Recognize all the words But maybe it takes A little bit longer for them to process And understand And really get a good enough understanding To be able to engage Fully in the conversation Yeah, definitely positioning of that screen Is really important Of course, when we all do have augmented Reality glasses that may Make things a lot easier But until that becomes more Available and then affordable For the average person Certainly There are definitely things You can do with the existing Technology to make it easier And hopefully we can Pass more of those Acceptability barriers So is it acceptable for use Is it a usable thing If we can't get past that Then it doesn't matter how good The technology is, people Should come up with other strategies So that That sounds to me that you had Actually A lucky situation that because People were wearing a face mask They lost lip reading anyway And the step To using a tablet then For reading text Was smaller And it could be that as soon as people Get familiar with this technology Then in the future We'll find maybe hybrid ways Of how to use this technology And In your approach in developing I read you follow the more Holistic approach In your design Is there something in particular That helps you here in better Finding The needs and how to Maybe change your design In this process Yeah, we followed What's known as a design Thinking process, so really starting From the customer And the user point of view What are their problems and needs And as you've just mentioned The mask really heightened that need Generally The people With a disability Are your first adopters of such a technology With masks It basically gave everyone a disability And when we really make That need so much stronger Yeah, it does reduce that barrier It makes it more likely that That technology Can be more mainstream and picked up By more people Yeah, we went through An iterative process of understanding The need, coming up with a prototype And putting something out there Our first version of NELScribe Was really basic It really had Very little features And as we Would talk To our users, we found Things like they really wanted the privacy They wanted that offline Mode for a clinical setting They wanted the screen Automatically cleared When they used it In a reception counter use case Where you don't want The next person in line To see what the previous conversation That was had between two people So all these little things Would, yeah We took note of and we could Incorporate that into our app Nice, and I think Dimitri, I saw you Wrote this paper about Different use cases Some of those use cases are Also covered by Niki But I also saw the example of For instance, students listening To a professor A lesson, and when you're Briefly Interrupted by something else A message on your phone and then You want to get into the story Again, you can read the transcripts And that way it could be Of course also come in handy For people without A hearing loss And Dimitri, did you For Getting to these use cases What kind of strategy Did you follow, was it based on What you experienced yourself Or did you also Ask other people With hearing loss I hope my question was transcribed Clearly We did Considered very Stretching And sometimes you don't Want to listen to transcripts To meet in all the time You In due to what To do something else Maybe you're bored, a little bit Neat You got interesting message In your phone So you can look Into phone Then you can Miss something That way Glasses were very loose I don't know if you saw All of the published pages About using transcripts In glasses I don't know if you saw this I didn't see it yet But I see So how was that experience with the Flosses How nice it have glasses When you interact That shows the video Where I have dinner With a lot of people So I do not need to put It Maybe phone To look at transcripts I enjoy Looking at everybody I can eat And follow transcripts So back to the example I can do something else But transcripts are running in glasses I continue to follow Transcripts What is being spoken But you also have Transcript It vibrates if somebody calls me So If I am using Transcript It also integrates with my haptic device If somebody calls me Demeter People are calling me So these are all user cases Scenarios You are absolutely right Glasses change Human interaction completely You can Either follow presentation Otherwise In ZPA And lecture Point to something You do not know what you pointed At Glasses you see What was pointed in slide And in the transcription You describe all the user cases And Dimitri Are you using all these Technologies now in daily life So if you have A dinner with friends You are using already these Glasses Sometimes I am using it And What are reasons for you then Not to do it Now I do not need It is very convenient Not really I am not planning to Start to watch my phone Really When you are talking We have your full attention Cool Let's see For this Round of Potential applications Of course Most important The end user The hearing loss But also the clinician Could be a user Of this technology or play a role What role do you see For clinicians In Either promoting this technology Better For prospective users Or to help in Validating the technology Or improving the technology What are your thoughts And If I do not give a turn How this will work Now in the system Feel free to answer Take the initiative I was just going to talk About how I thought it was Particularly useful For medical Situations So we know that People with hearing difficulties Are at a disadvantage So they have worse health outcomes And Higher rates of re-hospitalization Low compliance with Medication and all of these factors Are Magnified If they have said that they have Poor communication with their physician So I think in that situation It is really Really valuable for the clinician That they know that the information That they are trying to get across Is actually Has been understood And also this possibility Of then having a transcript That the patient can take home Or they can share with a carer Hopefully That should Improve The situation Improve outcomes a lot But in terms of actually Validating it in the clinic I think If we have So we did test in the clinic And we did some questionnaires And I think the value there Is really that it demonstrates To the clinicians That this is a worthwhile thing to do That there is actual benefit Because of course they do have A lot of skills Particularly audiologists at Communicating with hearing impaired people So they may not feel Any help with that That's what they do every day And so it gives them some confidence That actually clients do find A benefit And it's valuable And also that helps them to adjust To the clinic owners But if there's some expense Or some time that's needed To get these systems set up That it's worthwhile That it's providing benefit And increasing satisfaction Thank you Jessica And also interesting point You raise of clinicians Actually being maybe a barrier Sometimes if they feel That they don't need it Because they are already Taking into account in the communication Niki did you find this In your pilot That Clinicians were not open To this technology I think In our pilot Our clinicians were very Encouraged to try it out I think it was Maybe more of a barrier from The client point of view Who thought Depending on the degree of hearing loss If someone doesn't have A severe hearing loss They would say, no I don't need it I'm okay But through our own experience Or even just as an assistive thing You're not relying on the captions But just having it there can Be helpful so we were trying to Encourage more and more people To use it or at least Just experience it for a little bit Just to see How they thought of it Because you don't really know It's with any technology You don't really know What it does until you actually try it And I think also A good way That clinicians can help To show this technology to Especially our Older clients Who aren't so tech savvy And Have an experience Discover this on their phones for themselves We had some clients say Wow this is amazing And we're like There are other apps that have been around For at least a few years or so That have been doing this It's not groundbreakingly novel right now Yeah giving that introduction To More people Can the clinicians can help us in that way And then just one other point I wanted to make Is we know that an improved Client-clinician relationship Leads to better hearing outcomes In the clinic And definitely Introducing live captions If that client feel more valued More included We understand Your difficulties And this is what we're doing to take steps To improve that for you I think that can really add To the rapport And the relationship building Not just in the clinic but in personal situations as well So Yeah that's another good advantage And for clinicians Now maybe listening To this podcast Do you recommend There's a kind of minimum hearing loss Or a type of persons That you say you should definitely Recommend them to use these apps We certainly recommended for More severe hearing losses Or complex cases But it can help over A very wide range so I wouldn't say Don't offer it to People with more mild hearing losses Because it also works well In appointments where there's A partner Or a significant other there It has a lot of Wide ranging benefits So definitely The people with severe hearing loss Were more Excited about it And we could definitely tell That they gained Most benefit But I think there is benefit there For everyone And do you think it could also work The other way around That people experience Benefits of these apps That then they are also more open For other assistive Technologies Yes certainly and even As I'm talking here and we're Reading our captions It does encourage me to speak More clearly and more slowly And enunciate better So I think it does Yeah It's also helping me Even though I'm not relying I actually do have audio through The speakers now I'm not relying on just the captions To understand Yeah it is helping Training my voice better And as you've mentioned we all Have different accents And nuances in the way we speak Yeah it helps That part of the speakers communication Not just the listener Yeah you're correct It gives feedback Both to the listener As the talker And both can learn from it I expected It will also improve my English For instance by just seeing When there are regular errors So that's Interesting that this feedback Can be Used for training Or I can also Imagine that for some people It could help to just focus One channel of information instead of Many different modes And that it could help With people with attention Deficits Jessica I see you raise your hand I was just going to make A comment about that it reminded me There's a campaign In the UK at the moment That parents switch on subtitles On their televisions Because research has shown That it helps children Who are learning to read And improve their reading ability So I thought that was interesting Yes Use of the technology A nice example of something Probably not foreseen When developing the technology And I guess that if There is a widespread Use of both the Speech recognition systems But also for instance these Ear buds I see many young people wearing it And it reduces the stigma Also of using hearing aids For instance because Everybody has something in their ears And if everybody gets used to Close caption For instance now in the Netherlands It would look really funny If Everyone would get Close caption because that's only Done for people with dialect So then It would be maybe Good if everybody on television Would receive close caption Also for those people Who need this or are complaining That They cannot follow Interviews And it brings me maybe to Another question that The main complains that My patients tell me Is that they want to Better understand their grandchildren And A big problem is that The children are moving around all the time But also they have Voices that are Probably less Familiar to the systems Because there's not so much recordings On YouTube of Three year old So Dimitri Do you think there are solutions for this Because I would put it High on the priorities For future developments I do have Patterns That I receive At IBA For future cognition That learn to recognize Babies While baby are crying Do they have stomach Or This card Stamina And Suggesting To print this data came Expert Who spent a lot of time With babies They can interpret While baby are crying So they could Cheat Recognition system That parents Who have their first baby They could rely on this system Wow, that's wonderful I remember Reading in the news That this was developed Maybe it was developed Also had similar system To recognize dog barks Well If you found that this system was developed That would be nice to see So if I understand well Then the system was warning And it could either be a dog barking Or a baby crying Or it could explain Why dog is barking If dog is hungry Or somebody Trying to enter the house Yeah So for safety And Sound awareness A really important feature Jessica I see you have another Comment or question So that sounds really I would like to have Had a baby interpreter I can tell you But I saw there was A paper from Google Maybe from DeepMind About Speech recognition from children Because they have This YouTube kids app They actually have a big database Of children's speech From them trying to interact With this tablet They did Try applying A system trained With children's speech To try and improve the And got a Small increase in accuracy So I thought that was really interesting That they had this database So that's a voice control By toddlers that's Collected them and This way they can better Command their grandparents In the future That's right What are you doing? But one of the Jokes when we discuss Development This will prevent toddlers To improve Their pronunciation Yeah They're trying to speak better To understand Everybody understands Them No matter what they remember This will be a big problem For their development Nikki I see you want to respond I see I just had a thought When you said that I think an application Of automated speech recognition Could be in speech therapy And training children Who have speech deficits Or Trouble pronouncing certain sounds To help them Develop their speech More As an application To have an automated Recognition Give the child feedback I know even in my own Circumstances we have a google home And my son will Ask it a question in the morning And google says Very politely Sorry I didn't understand that And so he will repeat And change the way He's speaking to speak more clearly So that google understands And I think it's a good way To do it because as a parent When I was trying to do speech therapy With my child You can try not to A little bit impatient But an automated system Has all the time in the world And can be quite engaging For a child to interact with So yeah another application For speech recognition Yes and So there's Learning but this is more about the human Learning And Then I wonder How do you Get the right direction of the learning If the machines would adapt Too fast to the speech of the children Then they never need to develop anymore Because they're understood So the machine somehow Needs to encourage Or motivate the children To improve their speech Well in the same way When communicating Is important with the relatives The system should allow it Any thoughts on this? Dimitri how we could Both train Humans and machines Yes This pattern that I wrote That I've been addressing It suggested Incremental Improvement So It's too far from Babies to speak Normal But If Speech recognition sees That small changes For babies needed to speak Corrected It pretends that it does not Understand This way Babies improving Because small things But they understood Very difficult things They can't improve right away Wow Now that you mentioned The same technology is also I think what we need in Fitting cochlear implants Because if you make it too big A step in change of the Patterns that people hear They have difficulties in Adjusting to it and Improving When making smaller steps Or the right steps Not too small and not too big Then they are improving better Of course Completely away from the Speech recognition But it's the same principle Of training Or somehow Providing personalized Care Or personalized medicine Or proper doses Looking time wise I don't know how You're running out of time And I think it's really nice That we have touched other Topics already And it looks like We can somehow Loosen up The structure a little bit That it's more spontaneous Than we thought Before I think it's a good point To wrap up Yeah, I want to Thank you again for this Nice conversation But also that Yeah, I feel I learned a lot About this topic but also How to use this system So maybe Everybody if you'd like Could share his or her Experience in how you thought This interview and this technology Went So Jessica, how do you Think or what did you experience I don't hear you Know Apart from that slight technical hit So yeah, I find the captions Really accurate For me considering Normally I have to select British English Or put on my best Australian Accent for instance To understand me And luckily I haven't had to do that Because I have to live here That's been really great and I'm just amazed by the technology With Dimitri's captions That's such a Great experience, it's really Yeah, I thought it might be Not that conducive To having An easy conversation but Yeah, it's been really smooth So I'm very impressed Dimitri Thank you for your kind Of words And I really was enjoying Talking to you Hearing such fresh Point of views And I do agree For you that Actual speech system is a Focusing on some Accent like British Accent, India Accent Me louto voku we As the general British And many Many hundred thousands Of British Accent But maybe you don't have So many hours For Accent And usually That you have all kind of Accent You don't have any light Transcribe also Special Accent India Australia But I found that General Really Nice Dimitri And I think But also answers from me already The question about this smaller Languages, so it depends Then probably on how active a Community is on YouTube For how easy it will become And the more data of course The better because Of the other questions for me was that For instance, I think Bengali is one of the 10 major Languages But it's Poorly supported Digitally So that could have to do Maybe lack of recordings Of this language Exactly When we start For many languages I could see That all other languages Europe Had 10 times less Recorded Videos Than English So for a long time English was the most accurate channel For street recognition And other ways to Circumpend this Or to further improve that That you'd need less data For these smaller languages In the past But now we are developing A lot of smart ways Even For languages That we are lost In the future we cannot read How people speak We have some development For Very rare languages To develop future recognition For technologies developing For Instantly On the amount of data Trying to do smart Nice I'm thinking We should really Have another session On further developing these Ideas Niki, how was your experience In this session And your temporarily hearing loss Yes It's been a really enjoyable Discussion Thanks for setting this up And thanks to Dimitri for Showcasing your Relate up as well It's been amazing To see The improvements you can have By training On additional training On your own voice Makes me more excited But generally It's been a really good discussion And bringing out challenges That we are still facing And sharing feedbacks On what we have done already I'm sure we could talk For much longer It's been very good Thank you all For participating in this Interview I wanted to close The quote that I had prepared Be careful About reading health books You may die of a misprint Famous words by Mark Twain And I was a little bit anxious That we might be Would Get into misunderstanding Due to mis or wrong Transcriptions But I must say that Both the technology As US participants Went all Better than expected And I felt that we could Relax more and more Over this conversation So thanks again for Joining this and also for All the preparation And hope to See you again soon Maybe on a different event Or who knows On a future project We have already discussed A lot of potential Work that could be done Thanks It was really great Stay nice to meet you Dimitri Bye Bye Thank you


Okay, happy Sunday folks. Hope you're doing well and had a fantastic weekend. Four major things are going to talk to you about in this briefing for the week ahead. Firstly, the COVID-zero tolerance policy in China. Then we're going to talk about US CPI, the midterms of course happening in the US on Tuesday, and then we've got UK GDP on Friday. Before I begin, don't forget if you're new to the channel to subscribe. Lots more videos coming out throughout the week, but let's get stuck in and talk about this Chinese situation. And in fact, it could be a really interesting, i.e., volatile, open of electronic trade shortly. And that's why I really wanted to jump on Sunday night rather than Monday morning to prep everyone up. And the reason why is, as you can see from these headlines, the health officials in China essentially avowed an unswervingly to stick to the country's zero COVID policy approach. There's a lot of optimism, you'll remember, in markets at the end of last week. A lot of that was built in on the back of the fact that we might have been heading for an earlier loosening of restrictions. Oil prices, we were up north of a 92 handle by the end of last week, pretty decent week. We also saw Chinese equities. The Hangsang Index had its best gain in over a decade last week, in fact, on the back of all of these hopes. But that's been really dampened over the weekend and Beijing have come out and made those comments. So assets from equities to oil having rallied most likely are going to have a bit of a pullback at the market open. The Australian dollar, which has already been up and running, acting as somewhat of a bit of a Chinese risk proxy, is down about 1% on the back of the news. Now, to give a bit of context, analysts at Goldman Sachs, in terms of when they foresee timings wise of when we might see a relaxation in Chinese covid rules, they're looking at around Q2 of next year. Hence the reason why the market reacted quite positively at the end of last week, because it was quite unusual coming on the back of the party Congress that we just had the prior week for them to be talking about such measures. And evidently, that not being actually true as far as health officials have concerned, have confirmed this weekend. While Chinese equities are likely to fall on Monday, given this news, expectations were further stimulus from the government after weak economic data and gains in covid-19 cases in China for the month of October could limit some of the downside inequities, not for the session, but just going forward, because it puts greater emphasis now on the government to step in and in some form and shape like they do on many occasions in the past, try to re-stimulate the economy. China is set to report trade data in the overnight session and they've got inflation figures on Wednesday, weakening factory prices and tame consumer prices, just another sign of the weakness in momentum at the moment in the Chinese economy. And hence the reason why you could have some decent downside to kick things off this week, but then that would probably lead to a growing expectation that the government will step in with more stimulus action. So that's one of the main things and definitely something that will be in focus immediately at the market open. Otherwise, the other big thing this week is US inflation data. And of course, there's still the underlying factor that really drives federal reserve thinking. We obviously had the decision last week and that rocked the equity market and other assets after the Fed kind of gave a quite a hawkish rate trajectory path going forward after executing their fourth consecutive 75 basis point rate hike. The year on year reading is expected at 7.9 percent. That is a bit of a deceleration, if you like, from 8.2 percent in the month of September. The core reading, though, of course, will be key, ex food and energy, that's expected to have edged down by just 0.1 to 6.5 percent. At the moment, what we're looking at on the Fed watch tool from the CME is around a 50-50 balance between how the market is currently priced for the next Fed meeting on the 14th of December with whether it's going to be a 50 or a 75 basis point rate hike. So if we get a weaker inflation reading, then more like is see that 50 tilt back up because there still will be tightening still multiple times going forward. It's just what degree they start to slow down the clips that they're moving rates higher going forward. And of course, this will be key and meaningful for the type of reaction you like to see in markets downside surprise, then likely to support then equity prices like to see yields decline, dollar weaker and then vice versa on a high side number. Talking then of midterms, of course, this is a big moment for President Biden but also as well for what it means for markets in terms of the fiscal monetary balance going forward for the next two years, really. All 435 seats in the US House of Representatives are up for grabs and they're 35 US Senate seats out of the 100 Republicans would need to pick up five seats to take a majority in the House and just one to control the Senate. Opinion polling appears to be showing momentum building for the Republican Party candidates with the majority in both the House and the Senate looking now according to polling as the most likely outcomes. The presidency importantly is not up for election until obviously 2024 but the outcome of the midterms could determine whether or not Biden will stand again and also whether we heard from him just a few days ago. Donald Trump will seek the Republican nomination to run. So really quite important for that outcome. If the Republicans gain control of Congress, what does that mean? Well, it basically in summary means that Joe Biden's ability to pass any legislation becomes completely curtailed at that point. He becomes what's known as a lame duck kind of president. If the Democrats lose, then it's more likely they will see interest rate cuts in the US in the second half of next year as the economy obviously starts to move deeper into recession to provide stimulus to help the economy rebound rather than if they were to win the Democrats. And of course they can pull on the levers of fiscal policy to likely do more of the heavy lifting and interest rates would stay higher for longer to offset the inflation impulse. So it is important who controls that because it controls then what is actionable from a fiscal perspective as a byproduct, a secondary order if you like, then that will influence potentially the approach the Fed will have to take because of those two core pillars that really drive the economy. So that's the way to kind of think about it from a market's perspective. And then just taking a quick look at the calendar. They really are the main events that are occurring. There are a few other things, of course, to keep an eye on. Well, on Friday, you do have the third quarter output figure in the UK. So GDP expected to contract 0.5 percent. Evidence that economy is already in a recession. We obviously saw the Bank of England hike alongside the Fed by 75 basis points. What we're looking out for now are four monetary policy committee members speaking throughout the week and we're looking for any indications then for hints towards what might come next, of course. Meanwhile, over in Europe, the week kicks off with your area finance ministers meeting in Brussels, also attending some of these talks does include the ECB President Christine Lagarde, Vice President de Guindos and Chief Economist Philip Lane as well. So definitely worth keeping an eye on that as well. And that's pretty much it. So again, hopefully that was useful, short and sharp. Yeah, keep your wits about you at the market. Open the Chinese news is probably going to dominate to kick things off. Then the midterms on Tuesday, CPI on Thursday. And yeah, take care and all the best for your training.