Okay. Good afternoon everyone. Thanks a lot for being with us here. I'm Omar Abosh. I'm Accenture's Chief Strategy Officer and in that role I'm responsible for the direction of the business and our investments across all the countries we operate in and making sure we keep our 401,000 people around the world busy. Our topic for today is around the fourth Industrial Revolution and what does it mean to get ready for it? So I'd like to say a couple of words just to tee up the conversation before I introduce my outstanding panel. So what is the fourth Industrial Revolution? You think about the arrival of digital technologies and how they come and meet business and society and so you'll talk about web and web interaction and mobility and analytics but of course the the March of Technology doesn't stop there. You then talk about the cloud and you talk about cybersecurity, you'll talk about blockchain, you'll talk about robots, you'll talk about drones and probably we'll talk a lot about artificial intelligence. And the thing is what happens when all of these technologies meet business, business models, business processes, business people but also they meet roles and skills. They meet governments and government institutions. They meet NGOs. The effects of this wave of technology meeting society is pervasive. If depending on who you are it can be incredibly exciting, it can be awesome, it can be disruptive and that's the context with which we're talking about. So the question is so what's the big deal? I mean why do we care? What's the opportunity? And of course at the end of the day it boils down to economic growth and we know that economic growth is underpinned sure by labor and capital but also productivity or as economists like to call it total factor productivity. And set in the context here in Latin America today without calling out specific figures on specific countries the last few years at least since the Great Recession productivity has been in negative territory which means that all investments in labor and capital have somewhat been resulting in destroyed value on average across the place. So you say well why is that? And it turns out that a country as strong as Brazil in the top 10 economies of the world maybe 70th in the productivity league and so that talks a little bit to the sorts of investments in technology and innovation. It talks for sure about innovation because what underpins all of this economic progress, what underpins the fourth industrial revolution is exactly that, it's innovation. And when you look at country league tables on innovation relative to their economies, relative to sometimes very strong educational systems you ask yourself why we're not getting the innovation that we should be getting. And that I think is some of the things I'd like to stimulate in the conversation today. So okay so there's a big change coming. It has a big prize attached to it potentially in terms of overall wealth creation for society. But probably some things have to change. Now the context in Latin America that we can talk about where these changes are happening is of course very varied. You have economies like the Argentinian economy that's going through a major pivot from a resource dependent country to one that is more diversified. In the realm of politics I think the conversation we can safely say is shifting majorly from left versus right to open versus closed. And so do countries want to be more connected and more involved in global economy and global ecosystems or not? And of course hanging over in the back of all these conversations about the march of technology or the industrial revolution is a fear that many of us will hold about jobs and about what are the implications around social inclusion in countries where maybe the starting point isn't as simple. And as we've already seen in the West people will point at globalization to explain Brexit and Trump. But in reality the vast bulk of jobs lost have not come from globalization or strategic trade. They've come from displacement by technology. And so in that context what should leaders be doing? And so I think the conversation that I'd like to tee up with my colleagues here today is all about what the leaders need to get right to bring on the fourth industrial revolution in the right way. I'm going to go and do a couple of questions with the panel. Then I'm going to come to the room and I hope that we've got some mics running around so we can get your thoughts and then we'll sum up. And I have a feeling that the time will be out faster than we know it. So let me just briefly introduce our panel here today. So immediately on my left I've got Brian Ford from MIT, the Sloan Institute, where he's responsible for technology related activities, particularly around cryptocurrencies and Bitcoin. And before that was an advisor at the White House. Marcos Galcarin, I don't need to introduce to most of you as the founder and CEO of Mercado Libre, which has been a major change in terms of how retail is done in this part of the world. Dimitri Dilliani runs Nokia and Nokia Networks and Nokia Services across Latin America. Pia Mancini, who is local, I believe, is representing, if you like, some of the NGO groups and is the chairman of, or the chairwoman of Democracy Earth and the founder of the Open Collective Group. And then finally, we have Ildefonso Cojardo Villereal, who's the minister of the economy in Mexico. So in the panel you have here, academia, NGO, government and business, all represented, hopefully to set us up for a very good conversation. So the first question for the panel, and I'll sort of just go in this order, starting with you, Brian, is what does it mean to you, this Fourth Industrial Revolution, and what's the opportunity? Sure. Like you have read a lot of articles about the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the future of work, and one quote that has stuck with me is by Sarah O'Connor, a journalist at the Financial Times, and she said, we're in the best time in our lives to be a consumer and one of the worst times in our lives to be a laborer. And what that means is you can click a button and have a car pull up in five minutes or less, but at the same time, that driver is facing consistently lowering wages, and will be replaced in five years by an autonomous vehicle. And so what are we going to do about that, and how do we get the argument between a consumer and a laborer, which were both one and the same, from a win-lose back to a win-win. And so when I think about that, I think about technology and all of the emerging technologies that are coming out, 10 to 15 of them as part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And it's not really technology's fault. It's an inanimate thing. It's how we build either our regulations or our business models around them. And we can choose either a, I believe that the biggest factor about what's going to impact the economy and whether we decimate the working middle class or not will be whether we decide on choosing a centralized or decentralized infrastructure for that. What I mean by that is we talk about, at least in the United States, how one of the biggest employers is truck driving. So we have 3 million people employed as truck drivers. And we just assume that autonomous vehicles or autonomous trucks will decimate those 3 million jobs. But that is assuming a centralized role, that a large corporation will own those trucks or that Uber or someone will own those trucks. But why can't we look at the other option and look at a more decentralized role? Why can't we find, as a government, ideas or incentives or financing so that the folks that are being put out of work could afford to own that truck and take part in some of the ownership of the future, ownership of the automation? It may sound like a crazy idea, but other ideas being thrown out are maybe just as crazy as universal basic income and others. And if you're sitting there scratching your head about what is decentralized or what is centralized mean, my challenge to you as someone who worked in the White House and we were devastated by one of our policy goals where we didn't have enough technologists at the table, is you need to have a technologist sitting right next to you as you make these decisions to understand the difference between decentralized and centralized. We need more technologists at the table, and we also need more folks from other parts of society at the technologist's table as they're thinking through the disruptions of these technologies. Okay, thanks, Brian. Marcos. Hi. Well, I think just to give another perspective, you wanted some debate, so don't complain now. No, but I think as a society we are too scared about the negative consequences that this could have, and we are not, I think I'm afraid that that might impede us from embracing all the benefits that this change in my opinion is going to bring. So I think that to me the Fourth Industrial Revolution is for the first time in the history of humanity having the entire world interconnected where everybody can connect with everybody basically at cost zero. And that, I think, enables us to rethink everything, reimagine everything. Right now what we are seeing is certain parts of the economy being reimagined, e-commerce, information, entertainment, and it's amazing to be a consumer in those spaces, but there are many more interesting and important areas and industries that should be rethought, like education, health care, finance, to name just a few. And this should provide huge benefits to consumers as well, and today the costs that societies are having in these industries is enormous. And at the end of the day I think government is there to transfer wealth from one sector to the other, and obviously there's going to be winners and losers, and some people will have pain in this transition, but as long as wealth is being created and we have democratically elected governments that can decide how to allocate wealth from one sector of the economy to the other, I think it's going to be amazing, and it is being amazing, and even in the U.S. where perhaps this process is more advanced, unemployment is really low. So I don't think we have an employment problem, and I'm not sure we will have an employment problem, because when there's more time, people will think those truck drivers will think of other things to do with their time, and we have an amazing imagination as human beings. So I'm not that worried about the employment problem. I also see a lot of wealth generation being created as long again as we have democratically elected governments that can allocate that wealth from one sector to the other. I think that the press is generally so skeptical about what is going on, and it's driving so much fear to everyone that it really scares me. That's why I want to really drive this point about let's focus on the potential benefits that this will have in societies, and let's try and embrace these changes. Perfect. As you can see, we're starting with very simple subject. Over to you, Dimitri. Thank you. I'm going to come from a different angle. Probably talk a little bit about technology, so I'll be a little bit obsolescent compared to my peers. When we look at the technology coming ahead of us, there are six megatrends we see coming down the line, and those six megatrends are going to define what the fourth industrial revolution is going to be at. To go very quickly through them, we see that the need for computing and storage is going to infinity. What we have today in our pockets, on our desktop, in our IT servers, is not going to be enough to be able to manage the need of what's coming next. What's going to need? What's needed is going to be cloud computing, cloud storage. Everything is going to go to the cloud, and that's going to define the new environment we work in. Now, the question is, why is that? Why do we need to go there? What's going to drive all this need for CPU and for storage? Well, it's the second megatrend we see in the industry today, which is IoT. Just to give you a perspective from a telecom perspective, today we have about five to six billion connections around the world, and it's mostly humans, people talking to each other, connecting to machines, et cetera. By the end of this decade, this five billion, six billion will jump to 50 billion. By 2025, it's going to go to a trillion. Those are not going to be humans, of course. It's going to be machines talking to each other, machines, sensors, that are connected to a web of network, to storage, to a computer computing system that's going to be able to manage, take decisions, and do something with all this information that's coming. The third megatrend we see with all this data, with all the trillion connections that need to happen, compared to the five we have today, you cannot rely on humans anymore. What the trend we will see is we have to go to augmented intelligence. We need to start working on software, on machinery, that's gonna make decisions that humans make today. The simple decisions that we make every day probably will be done by some software sitting somewhere. To be able to deal with a trillion thing, doing something around the clock, accessing storage, or over the world, no human, all the humans on the world put together cannot manage that. So that's basically the third trend we see. The fourth trend we see in the industry is the human-machine interaction will also change, will evolve. Today we interact with the machine either by a keyboard, by a screen, by a mouse, or by voice.  I'm gonna put my glasses on, my virtual reality glasses, and simply look at the server and get all the information I need to know about that server. Not just the server, I can also take a look at a human who is censored and be able to get all the vitals of that human without touching that person. This is how we see the future going in terms of interaction with the machine and with the storage that we talked about a minute ago. Also we see as a fifth trend, everything's gonna be about social and trusted economy. Trust is gonna be very important and that's gonna be driven by security. Bitcoin is not gonna make it anywhere if it doesn't have the security. If people don't feel that they're dealing with systems that are secured, it's a dead system, it's not gonna fly. So we believe security of the future is gonna be extremely critical, especially with all this information sitting in the cloud, it's not next to you, it's not on your phone or on the desktop that you're working on. And finally of course, the sixth trend we see is digitalization of economies ecosystem. We need to bring, we're gonna see the digital value coming to all segments of the industry is gonna come to all the verticals to the consumers. Everything is gonna be about digitization, how we bring that value to the end customer at the end of the day or the end consumer. That's how we see this thing evolving. It's all those pieces coming together and from technology to bring the fourth industrial revolution. Thank you, Dimitri, for the comprehensive view of what exactly you guys are thinking it is. Pia. Wow. It seems like the fourth industrial revolution is reimagining everything except politics, except the way we govern ourselves. This is probably a common place by now but we are 21st century citizens and we are governed by 19th century design institutions. And the nation states and the governments are being challenged by left, right and center. Facebook is challenging the monopoly of the nation state to provide identity. Bitcoin or cryptocurrencies are challenging the monopoly of the nation states to emit a currency. So it's hardly surprising that the nation state has the only political unity existing in this world. It's not gonna be challenged profoundly. However, our political institutions remain exactly the same and I think that's the opportunity. Facing these challenges, I think that Latin American governments have an immense opportunity to harness technology, to leverage technology, to do in particularly two things. The first one is open up spaces for cities and engagement and participation. Politics in this region or power struggle in this region is still immensely territorial. And in the territory, the muscle tends to win, right? It's very hard to get into and fight in a territory that is taken over by entrenched elites who have been there forever. Or traditional political parties that refuse to lose their grip on power. So I think that governments in the region and we as citizens should demand this have the opportunity to open up new spaces that are not based on territory. Where we can engage in debate, in fruitful debate on policies based on issues. Where representation is based on knowledge and expertise and trust. We need to rebuild trust in our political institutions and I think that technology can help us doing by acting as a new space, a new jurisdiction where these conversations can take place. And also by doing this, I think that governments and countries will attract more young people to participate and engage in politics. It's very, it's almost mind blowing that we still expect someone to go on a Tuesday or two o'clock in the afternoon to an open session in Congress, right? Who has the time to do it? Why do we still have this fixation with territorial spaces and back rooms? So I think there's a huge opportunity there and we can leverage technology to do that. And the second space where I think technology can help immensely in Latin America is to manage corruption in elections. In a region where ballot boxes are burned after an election before votes can be counted where people steal ballots, the political machinery is organized to steal ballots and prevent new political parties to take place. There's a huge opportunity to use a technology like the Bitcoin blockchain, for example, to make sure that our votes are incorruptible, that the votes that we cast are kept in a ledger that everyone shares and that no one can dispute. So if we talk about how we start rebuilding trust in our political institutions, how we start rebuilding trust in society, we need to tackle the issue of corruption. And we can certainly use amazing technology that exists today to do that. So we're gonna tear down the territory of the nation state and go to the nation state. It'll defonce your perspective. Chan? Well, I'll first start by agreeing with Pia in terms of four governments. There is definitely a big opportunity to be coming with industrial revolution because if you look in the history of the world, when we had the first, the second and the third industrial revolution, it was a tremendous lag of cash up between nations of different level of development. I mean, go back to the first industrial revolution.  Now what we have at our hand today is a disruptive possibility where we can cash up faster if the national states are ready to do and to make the right decisions. But that implies that you have to have a set of policies that will favor the change, that will give a great impulse to this change. Give you a couple of examples. Antitrust laws. Some of our countries were really lag in time. Mexico, for instance, introduced the first antitrust laws in 1992, hundred years later than the U.S. had their own act back in history. Now it took us 20 years later to improve it and strengthen it. If you don't have real competition in markets, innovation stops. Rent seekers capture the windfall of the economy and nothing really happens in terms of innovation. So at the end of the day, you have to be very strict in terms of patent laws, competition, and really to deregulate the economy and really strengthen the educational system. Otherwise, the foreign industrial revolution is going to pass by the side and you will not capitalize on it. Now, that being said, also the other challenge is the social sustainability of change. I think that it was my friend, Marcos, that mentioned that society is too much afraid of change and probably we are exaggerating the damage of the velocity of change. I mean, probably I agree that always change is going to be for the good. But what we see in this sustainability process, look at Brexit, look at the U.S. election, societies obviously are being hurt by change. And the problem is that society in the 20th century organized through corporate organizations like unions, chambers, that have a political voice. Now, the winners of change are there, but they are not organized to express themselves. So in the political balance, we have to be very mindful of what is the final outcome of this social debate, because we have to have the strength to really encourage and support the velocity of change. Otherwise, we are going to fail in the political process. And believe me, I had had a discussion at the beginning of the year of one leader in North America telling a U.S. company to move 700 jobs from my hometown of Monterey to the U.S. because he wants to bring back manufacturing jobs. Now, at the end of the discussion, the U.S. loses 75,000 jobs a day. So 700 jobs is nothing in terms of public policymaking. But the worst is that those jobs will not exist in five or 10 years. So rather than discussing about manufacturing jobs of today, we should be teaming up nations to design the future of technology and how we are going to cope with the new challenges of job creation in a different type of society. So that's within the process of adjusting public policy to the challenges. Now, in terms of political participation and the use of technology, of the comments that Pia was making, I do agree that technology is a great tool. But also, there is a great challenge of the consequences of the bad use of technology in politics. Like just to witness what happened in the U.S. election, fake news and the kind of distortion of reality that is going around, obviously not because of that, we're going to discard technology. But we have to have the right view on how to use technology to enrich the political dialogue and the future of society. Thank you very much. So I think our panel have told us that this change is indeed in the realm of the revolutionary, not the incremental. The possibilities are huge, very many, many positive possibilities. We can reimagine everything. We need to reimagine politics. But there's a few things that we have to get right to get there. So I'd like to shift the conversation to, okay, what is it that we must get right to really take full advantage of the opportunity in front of us. So with that question in mind, I might sort of tailor it a little bit as we go. And so I'm going to start with where Il Defonso ended around, okay, so fake news. For you, Brian, give us your thoughts on fake news and what do we need to get right to help mitigate those sorts of issues? And then I'll come to some other topics with the panel as we go. So I think I appreciate the example because fake news is a great example of how centralization can go wrong versus decentralization. Because Facebook and Google have so much power, individuals in Macedonia, for example, can manipulate them to a degree to create more fake news. And fake news is not an outcome of technology. We had this 100 years ago for the same exact reasons. It was called Yellow Journalism. It was motivated for similar reasons, using politics and wild headlines to help sell more ads, which is exactly what happened with Facebook and Google. And so when you have concentrated power, you have more weaknesses in your system versus a decentralized system. And in response to Marco's point, which I appreciate, and I think we do need to embrace the future and the future of technology and create more wealth. But I would argue that that wealth needs to be more decentralized than centralized because we're seeing more and more income inequality as a result of this. And we're seeing, you know, we have this fable that technology creates a level playing field and empowers others, but we're continually seeing more and more examples of inequality being scaled as a result. And so as we go from analog to business models, I would argue that the 21st century tax credit for governments is going to be regulatory sandboxes. What I mean by that is how can we look at all of these emerging technologies and figure out how we can, as a government, take them from a legal gray area to an area in which technologists can experiment. You know, I'll give you an example that happened in my home state of California. So Uber unleashed their autonomous vehicles from the state of California. The Department of Motor Vehicles said you do not have the right permits to do this. They didn't have the right regulatory structure in place. And so the governor of Arizona said, we welcome you to come to our state. And so what you're starting to see is regulatory arbitrage being played out at governors in the United States level, but this is gonna happen at the city, state, and federal level. And the most competitive governments are gonna be those that embrace the regulations for emerging technologies. And I think that's gonna, we're also gonna have to update our regulatory system. Our regulatory system is built for an analog marketplace that is very human capital intensive. And I think if you want to help regulate these marketplaces to ensure either decentralization or ensure the rights of consumers, you're going to have to update to algorithmic regulation. It's something that these companies are already doing. Like Marcos, they probably have the five-star system, Uber has a five-star system, Airbnb, these are self-regulating systems. Now they say that they can, I don't know about Marcos, but other CEOs that they should be able to self-regulate. But I would argue that there's a challenge in that. We're consistently seeing companies manipulate their information. So Volkswagen is a great example of how they manipulate information about their emission tests so that they could pass certain tests. Or Uber, for example, if you were a government employee, showed you a different set of data than that of the data that if you were a normal consumer. And so they were using digital tools to manipulate the system so that they couldn't be regulated. Or Airbnb, for example, a company I work closely with at the White House and has done incredible work for helping provide housing for survivors in the lake of Hurricane Sandy or helping house refugees. When they were asked to give their data to the state of New York, they quickly deleted 1,000 of their legal listings before giving it to them. And so I would argue that we need to come up with, we need to allow consumers and new businesses to not have to downgrade their systems to be lightly regulated by government. We should create the algorithmic regulatory systems that allow them to move as fast as they should, while also protecting the rights of consumers. Actually, before I ask my next question, does anyone want to react to that from the panel? There was a couple of controversial opinions in there, I think. I mean, I disagree with a lot of it, but basically... But perhaps a point, without getting into Airbnb and Uber examples, which I think are very specific and I don't think at too much value, but taking it a step higher if you want. I think there are several issues. One is wealth creation, the other one is job creation, and the third one is inequality. So my point was the country where technology is being most deployed today is the United States, job creation is doing really well. Actually unemployment is really low, so that today there doesn't seem to be a problem with that. Then you could say there's a problem with income inequality, which obviously there is in the United States. But I think you need to look at that from a higher perspective because if you look at the world, actually income inequality has never been lower. There are probably 500 million people that were taken out of poverty, if not more in India and China the last 10 or 20 years.  So I don't think it's that simple to say, well, the Google founder is doing really well, and because of that, all these people in Ohio are doing really bad. It's very easy to do populistic policies with that argument, but it's not necessarily the best way to have the best answer for the world and for humanity. I think in this type of environment, what we need to try and do is think about what is the best thing for the world to do better, to create more wealth, more jobs, and not to distribute it fairly. I think if you look at what's been going on in the world the last 100 years, income inequality has never been lower and wealth creation has never been higher. So basically, that's what my answer is. Okay, we'll come back to this, Brian, not to worry, but thank you very much, Marco. So keeping a little bit with the topic of... I mean, we're talking here about the balance of the market and regulation. So at one level, we know that innovation drives the economy, drives wealth creation. We also know that innovation mainly comes from startups and small companies that scale. But actually, we know that. Now, if we create regulations on the one hand that take away the profit motive or block that innovation imperative, that'll have probably a strong and negative effect on the overall economy. So I think those points that you're making are well made. But let's come back to what regulations would you like to see, Dimitri, to stimulate infrastructure investment to improve the connectivity of the economies to underpin some of the things that we're talking about in the fourth? Thank you. If you don't mind, I just want to comment a little bit about his comments and then I will answer your question. We're going to keep coming back to that one. It's a very interesting discussion about the jobs. I can guarantee you that five years from today, out of 10 jobs, five of jobs don't exist today. It's going to be different, it's going to be new. It's not about more jobs. The jobs will always be there. The number of people will always be growing. There's always going to be jobs for them. The problem we have in the future, and as I mentioned when you look at the trends happening, we're going to go more into automation. We'd have that today. That's taking away a job in a way, but it's really not. Tomorrow, we're not going to do automation. We're going to do intelligent automation, meaning that machines will start making decisions. You don't need a human anymore to make a decision. The simple decisions, not the heart surgery or whatever, but the simple decisions we do every day, we don't need a person to do it. When you have trillion things that are giving you data, there is no way you cannot do it by having people monitoring, having people take action. You need something else to take action. With that, there's going to be a lot of jobs that will vanish. But that doesn't mean that jobs go away. Well, that means that the job needs to be transformed. Because now we don't need a lot of maybe labor. We don't need a low-skilled jobs. But we do need a ton of software engineer, a ton of innovators, a ton of people to work on sensors to be able to do this internet of things for the future. So there has to be a transformation in the job industry today. And that's not going to be driven by policies or what have you. That's going to be driven by the educational system of every country, driving ICT, driving broadband, driving the internet to every person if you look into Latin America today, the penetration of broadband is extremely low compared to other places of the world. And at this rate, we're going to have an issue five years from today when the job starts being automated and the intelligence goes into it where you don't need 50 people to monitor something. You have two machines and maybe two people. But you need the other 48 to be able to develop those machines to do that monitoring, to be able to build the sensors that we need of the future. And this is, I think, something that's extremely important, not just from a regulatory perspective but from a government perspective, to start looking into the educational system, broadband connectivity across the region, and what's needed over the next few years to do this transformation of education. There is no time. This industry, this evolution of technology is moving extremely fast. The stuff that I described in the megatrend, I'm talking about stuff that's going to be out there in one, two years from today, not 2030, 2040. Today we can make decisions, we don't need any human in our industry. We can predict within 95% accuracy when machines will fail and we can go fix them before they even fail. Tomorrow we're going to be able to do that on humans. When will your heart stop? We can predict it. And we can, I'll be sitting here getting this talk and then two guys will come in in an ambulance to pick me up because I'm having a heart attack. This is how the industry is going. That needs intelligence, that needs education. And this is where we see the future and the key, the most important thing of the future in this environment is education. The direct answer and the selfish answer from a technology perspective to your question regarding regulation. Everything I described is going to be based on wireless technology.  Those sensors need to communicate, they're going to communicate wirelessly. Very efficient battery life, five to 10 year battery life, et cetera. In Latin America we are struggling with getting spectrum. I think governments need to open up the spectrum. We have 5G coming around the corner. We need to have spectrum to do that. The regulatory environment in Telcom in Latin America is very constrictive. We don't have, you know, the operators don't have the freedom to invest. The stuff that I'm describing needs a lot of investment. It's not going to be just an incremental money we need to put in. We need to transform. We need to take a look into the security. We need to look at that data where this data reside. Today we're constrictive. That data needs to reside in the country. We cannot take it out. The Amazon Cloud, I can do it as an enterprise, but as an operator I cannot use it. And so there has to be a lot of things. The regulatory environment is written, as the minister said, maybe 20 years ago. The stuff that's coming 20 years ago people wouldn't even dream about it. And that needs to change. And that new regulation needs to come to deal with the times we're in today. Thank you very much. So just a little warning, I'm going to ask our last two panelists and then I'm going to come to you guys and maybe have a think about what you want to talk about. So I'm going to pick on a couple of things that you've both said, Ildefonso and Pierre. So we have an opportunity to leapfrog for the first time because of the nature of the technology today. We don't have to wait a hundred years to go through our own industrial revolution. So that's on the one side of an amazing opportunity. On the other side, Pierre, we talked about the fact that we have 20th century corporations sitting next to 21st century software platform companies with winner takes all economics and potentially 19th century governmental institutions. How do we make sense of that? Yeah, that's pretty tricky. Thank you for that question. So a couple of things I'd like to say. First, I think that obviously thinking about decentralized political institutions and bringing political institutions to the 21st century obviously requires that we think about the type of citizen that's going to engage with those institutions and how we educate ourselves as citizens. And there's this feeling every time I talk about using technology to drive engagement and participation in politics and rethinking our political institutions. The question I always get asked is like, but we're gonna allow everyone to participate. I think fear, right, of we as citizens. And I understand that. I understand the fear of, but this group of people are elected because they know why don't we let them make the decisions. I think that that fear is understandable because of the type of political institutions that we have, right? We have a set of institutions where only a group of professional citizens are debating and are the ones that, on who we abdicate the right to decide. So I think that what we need to get right is the sandbox for new political institutions. It's very hard for the center to innovate because obviously the costs of it, of failing when you innovate and your government are very high, right?  So I think that what we need to get right is how we enable for innovation to happen at the fringes, right? How we enable for a sandbox of new ways of making decisions, of new ways of engaging citizens, of new ways of rethinking how we govern ourselves can happen at the same time that we keep the existing political institutions as they are. Because that's the only way where we are really gonna do two things. We're gonna A, innovate, and B, we're gonna learn. We need to be able to fail in order to learn. So one concrete example is, why don't we grab, for example, one, a certain topic, a certain issue, and instead of using the traditional representation channels that are vertical, right? We give onto a group of people our right to make a decision for very long periods of time and the basis on where we happen to be living at or where we're born. I'm represented by Argentina on climate change talks. What if I'd rather be represented by the delegate of Costa Rica that I think they have a really good and very interesting progressive energy policy? I can't. Why? Well because you're Argentinian. That doesn't really make a lot of sense in the 21st century. So how we start opening up these spaces and creating a sandbox for us to engage in different ways, to allocate our trust and representation different, I think it's the way of learning. And as Dimitri was saying, like we can use VR, we can use the cloud. We can have a panel of randomly selected citizens, for example, having conversations with the foremost experts in the world on a certain topic. Why are these citizens not capable of reaching an informed, unjust and fair decision? So I don't know where I'm going. Where I was going with all of this, but I think that that is what we need to get right. And if you just allow me one more minute, the other thing that we really need to get right from what Dimitri was saying is the data management of all of this. Who owns this data? We're talking about sensors, we're talking about Wi-Fi devices, everything. Who manages, who owns this? Who manages this? Is this my data? Is this Nokia's data? Can they take it? Who are they gonna sell it? Is it okay for, is it fair for them to, is it fair for a company to make money on our data? And I'm not, for example. Anyway, I think that data management and algorithmic accountability is something else that we definitely need to get right. Okay. Again, no lack of issues. You know, the internet, the digital era, to some extent has expanded the boundaries of how business operates, you know, across national territories. You want to push political accountability and responsibility perhaps beyond territorial boundaries. I have zero clue how to do that, but I think very challenging thoughts. Il Defonso, if the assertion is right about, let's say, the maturity of governmental institutions, what can they do, like a couple of things that would really make a difference to accelerate the change and the improvement in the economy that we're talking about? Well, first, just sharing with Mia that she can always think that she's in a better position about being represented by Argentina in environmental issues. Imagine you were a US citizen and you were represented by the new administration on climate change. I wouldn't be very happy. But anyway, so, let me try to make a case for the need for the government to be deeply involved in this changing process. I will say that I agree with Dimitri. The first and foremost responsibility is the transformation of the educational system. I mean, that's the core of the whole challenge in terms of the velocity of change and the capacity to respond. Give you an example. Mexico, at the end of the 20th century, became a very strong country for manufacturing. We are graduating about 100,000 engineers a year. But today, the type of manufacturing where we were really champions is changing at a very high velocity. Now, we need other types of engineers in programming, in technology, in IT. But the pace at which we are doing the change in the curricula and the academic curricula is not at the pace we need to do it. And so, there is a very high risk that we are going to have a missing link, generationally speaking, in the new challenges that we have to educate the Mexicans for the 21st century. So, the first and foremost responsibility is how you invest in public education. Now, the second most important challenge is to create the regulatory environment that Marcos is really very much for. But at the same time, I kind of agree with what Brian was saying, in a way that you have to guarantee that the distribution of the benefits accrue to society in a just way. Definitely, you have to create wealth. And to create wealth, you have to give the right incentives. But the market by themselves do not take care of distribution. And we know that by fact today. Yes, I agree with Marcos that poverty has been reduced, but inequality has not been reduced. So poverty obviously has been reduced to global trade and integration. But now even those basic fundamentals are being challenged by the superpowers. So what are we going to do to those challenges today? I mean, some of the rhetoric coming out of the last G20 meetings in Germany, now the leader of free trade is saying that they don't want a paragraph that defends free trade and fights against protectionism. So if those very fundamentals are at issue today, I think that we are in very, very fragile grounds and we have to really make a big effort to get a renewed commitment to the direction we want to take. And obviously the commitment of governments in terms of modernizing the regulatory environment in different fronts and improving the educational system is the most. That's perfect. Thank you so much. And yeah, I mean, I think at the heart of what we're hearing here is there's so much potential and yet we have to overcome the fear of change the way you laid it out, Marcus. Okay, folks, over to you. And yes, over here. There's a mic coming. Thank you. This is fascinating. My name is Juan Botero with the World Justice Project. I would like to, I've been thinking a lot about the notion that we have 17 centuries institutions for a 21st century world that Pia has so persuasively presented. But then I was thinking that the U.S. Constitution was designed for an agrarian agricultural society and yet still withstood the industrial revolution and the next two. So it may be that the institutions and the existing institutions may still have a role to play. I just want to invite this notion of maybe some of what we have still works. I'm gonna be a bit cheeky but then come to your defonso for a response on that. So if I remember correctly, something like 85% of the U.S. population in 1900 worked on farms. Today that number is 2%. So they've had 100 something years to adapt. But anyway. I do believe that the constitutional frameworks are built upon principles. They are not to the level of the cell. I mean they maintain their fundamentals through time. And it's the responsibility of the new societies to interpret the meaning of the fundamental constitutional principles. So constitutions are there to be preserved to the principles and rights of human beings and it's the changing society that has the responsibility to adapt them in modern terms. Perfect, thank you. Another question, please. There's an arm right at the next email. Hi, I'm a writer from India and from what I see in my country and around the world, it always seems striking to me that in all these conversations about the Ford Industrial Revolution, one of the things we never seem to be talking about is the importance of dealing with failure because that's what it's doing to many, many parts of the world, at least in the short term. It's putting people out of what they understood as security, professions, all of this but we never ever seem to ever consider talking about what failure means, right? It's a bit like how human beings never want to talk about death, right? But it's all around us. And I was wondering if this panel would want to address, we're seeing the results of that failure and that in the United States, in elections, in populism growing around the world, all of this is a result of fear and failure, right? And this technological advancement is bringing that upon us, at least in the short term. So how do we solve that? And no one seems to ever discuss it or have an answer. Okay, I don't want to overly lead the witness here but rather than blaming the US election on failures of various kinds, I mean, Marcus, I'd like to pick on you and talk about the role of failure in innovation. Sure, I think that's easier to comment than failure worldwide, et cetera. One of the things that I liked a lot actually about what Pia was saying is we need to provide a framework where government can fail because I think part of this enormous fear to change that I see from the press and from government and from everyone is the fear of failure. And where I work, we fail all the time. And one of the principles that we work with is we never condemn the person who was guilty of a failure because we know we will fail. We are all the time trying to disrupt established industries and it's very hard to do that. And we fail most of the time but then we iterate and we get it better and then it kind of works and then we iterate again until it really works. And you cannot do that in government.  So I agree, I think we need to find a framework because I don't have the answers. I just think that we need to embrace change and that as a society we will find the answers. I don't know which those answers are. And I think we need to find a way that we can, because we will fail until we find the right answers. No one will find them right away. I agree with Marcos. We're not going to, a politician cannot run on a campaign promise of failing fast unfortunately. They will not be elected if they were to say that. However, in government, in terms of technology and even in policy experimentation, failing fast to learn from those failures is actually something that is incredibly important. And I think that can most happen realistically at the city level because at the city level of government you see the quickest response whereas at the federal level you have kind of like a year's time lag to see the response. And we're seeing cities not only across America but in Mexico and throughout Europe whose mayors are creating beta type tech shops and they put the beta logo on their work to be able to accomplish that. But I would also look at how failure in government versus failure in a consumer application impact citizens. So the difference between, I'll give you one example in Michigan for example. In Michigan, there was a system built by a private sector contractor called Midas and this was built for the Unemployment Insurance Agency. And what they did is they built out an algorithmic system to systematically detect people who are doing unemployment insurance fraud. And so they did that, they saw a huge uptick in the amount of people they were catching. The technology was working. And then when they looked at the numbers a little harder after they had been finding these people garnishing their wages, 25% of their salary, people at the bottom who had lost their job and are trying to kind of get back into the system, they found that they had a 92% error rate. And we're also using technology and algorithms to determine who gets paroled and who has the highest likelihood of recommitting a crime. And so the problem with government failing fast is that it has real impacts on people and that governments can garnish wages. Governments can incarcerate people. So while I was part of the office in the White House that went from about six of technologists to help to go to about 400 technologists because we thought that was important, we also need to recognize the context under which governments can experiment and the real human impact that has versus a commercial retail application impact that may have its balance. Excellent, thank you. We're gonna come to the gentleman over there in the back. Thank you, fascinating conversation. In each of the first three industrial revolutions they were unintended consequences. Whether it was contamination or labor issues. Pia mentioned the fact that who owns data now and how we behave and our digital DNA as we go through the internet and as we make transactions on Mercado Libre or ever. Who owns that information today and how do we prepare for that as a potential negative byproduct of the fourth industrial revolution? I'm gonna, so Dimitri, do you wanna have a go? I might jump in. Sure, I can try to answer this question because it's a very challenging question. I don't know who owns the data today. Let's talk about the telecom environment as an example. We collect all kinds of data everywhere you go, whatever you're doing, whoever you're talking to, how much you talk to them, what website you went to. That information exists today. It's sitting in a system that the operator can access and can do a lot of stuff with that data. Now, is this your data or is this their data? Can they sell it? Can they provide it to somebody else? Let's have this discussion. Let me tell you, let me give you an example where let's not talk about the device. Let's talk about sensors. I'm gonna put on your heart, on your body, in your T-shirt that's collecting data about your health 24-7. That data is gonna go to a server somewhere in the cloud. Some algorithm analytics will take a look at the data, will establish a history of you and then when we see something abnormal, wrong heartbeat or what have you, we send you an ambulance, not call you, but send you an ambulance. Who do you want to have that data? Are you willing to just keep it to yourself? Do you want the doctor to have it? Do you want the machine to have it? It can't be anywhere. This is a life-threatening example where in my, you know, if it's me, I don't mind having that data sitting in a server somewhere. The machine makes that decision and then a doctor is being called or an ambulance. The data sometimes may not have to be owned by an operator or a human or a government. It can't be actually owned by a machine. I mean, this is how we see the future going where it doesn't have to be the operator know exactly which websites you're going. The machine will know, they may send you advertisement, it may do whatever it wants to do with you. I believe that the industry will go into that direction because then it's neutral. It's not an individual, it's not a government, it's not a human. That's our vision of what the data will be. But privacy is a huge issue in our industry. Very huge issue. And it's not resolved today. And, you know, with the latest regulation in the US, it's gonna open it up on the internet so people can see where you're going, what you're doing. In other places of the world, that's not legal.  There is no answer to your question. But we believe it's not gonna be humans at the end of the day or governments. So the clock here is almost timing us out. And I'm gonna squeeze one last one in. But ma'am, if you don't mind if you can be quite quick with the question. Yeah, but if we can give the... Thank you very much. I'm in the environmental field. I don't see any concern being thought of in the panel about the limits of growth and the limits of the planet itself. How do you envision this in this new world? Molto difficile. Pierre, do you wanna take a little... Do you wanna repeat the question for me? Yes, so the question is we're all super enthusiastic about bringing the fourth industrial revolution to drive growth. But what about the effects of consumption of resources, climate and so environmental side effects on the planet? Well, yes, I think there are huge concerns. I'm not sure what the question is. In any case, I think we should be extremely alert about the consequences and the concerns of new technology and how we're using resources and water resources and the electricity cost of Bitcoin and all of that. I think it definitely needs to be addressed. Yeah, I mean, you're right. We didn't drill particularly into that question. I have a feeling that everyone on this panel does care about that topic. And I'm guessing that part of the answer actually is technology can help tremendously with some of those issues. But folks, we're out of time. So let me just start to wrap up if I may. I think we've had such an invigorating discussion with this excellent panel here. Topics ranging from what the opportunity is, the import of education, the need for designing new flexibility, whether it's more decentralized or new forms of regulation or more willingness to experiment and fail in government and policymaking. And as with the lady's last question, the need for a lot more wisdom about what we're doing here, there are a lot of side effects and potential unintended consequences that we need to just navigate. But to end, the size of the prize seems to be huge for humanity, for its health, for its well-being. And we just need to be wise with how we navigate the path. So I'd like to first thank the WEF, who have this incredible convening power, which I find pretty unique of bringing government, NGO and business together. So thanks to them. And then thank you for such an awesome panel who are so accomplished and have contributed so marvelously today. So thank you.


The Divine Masculine is like the Avengers, but for spirituality. It's all about hardising your inner hero and embracing your masculine energy. It's like putting on your favorite superhero suit, but for your soul. The Divine Masculine is all about tapping into your inner strength, courage, and leadership skill. It's like giving your chakras a gym membership and pumping them up versus spiritual games. Think of it as like a cosmic bro night where you get to hang out with the guys and conquer your goals. So channel your inner Thor and unleash your Divine Masculine.


In other parts of Africa, military officers in Mali has detained the president, the prime minister and the defense minister of the interim government, deepening political chaos just months after a military coup ousted the previous president. Military officers in Mali detained the interim president, prime minister and defense minister on Monday. That's what multiple sources told Reuters, just months after the country's former leader was ousted in a coup. Sources said President Baan Daa, Prime Minister Muqtaraoan and Defense Minister Suleiman Dukour were all taken to a military base in Qatih outside the capital, Bamako. That came just hours after two members of the military lost their positions in a government reshuffle. The military's ultimate goal was not immediately clear, when official in Qatih said this was not an arrest. Other detentions could exacerbate instability in the West African country, where violent Islamist groups linked to al-Qaeda and the Islamic State controlled large areas in the desert north. The United Nations mission in Mali called for the group's immediate and unconditional release and said those who hold the leaders would have to answer for their actions. The region's top decision-making body, Eko Was, said a delegation will visit Bamako on Tuesday to help resolve the, quote, attempted coup. Qatih's military base is notorious for ousting Mali's leaders. Last August, the military took President Ibrahim Bubakar-Qaeda to the town of Qatih and forced him to resign.


Welcome back to why in the morning and if it's Tuesday it's entrepreneurship Tuesday at Y254 Channel is where you can find us across all our social media handles at Michelle. Ashila is where you can equally find me across all my socials. So having an experienced mentor you can rely on in your business. It's actually a boost especially if he's one or she is one in that being just gender sensitive that they hold an experience in coaching and training. So it's definitely a win for you to get mentorship in all aspects. So in studio I am joined by Peter Ongara who is a business trainer coach and a mentor. Thank you very much Peter for creating time to be with us. Happy holidays how are you doing? Merry Christmas. Merry Christmas to you Peter. So Peter if I've missed out on anything from your titles because you're a man of a many titles probably we could add a few. Not exactly I mean that's a summary of everything and in entrepreneurship you you're looking at how you you can solve problems by combining solutions so that's the best that I can give done and that's the best for me and everyone. I'm glad I did justice to your name. Yes you are a student so I give you an A. Thank you. So starting us off I'd like to find out what is the difference between coaching a business coach a business trainer and also a mentor. Basically training is when you get a skill I mean for example I can train you to drive. Okay and then coaching is where there's someone someone somebody somebody trying to tell you how to drive all right then mentorship is the somebody you're looking up to you might not be on the field for example in soccer for example you have teams train they go into camps and they train then they come to the field to play and then you see the coach but probably these players have people in their heads in their minds that they would want to be for example but I don't know whoever so that's the big difference so this training where you get a skill get a skill that is coaching where somebody is now telling you do this do that for example in this program there's probably you went to college to get training now right now as we're doing this recording there's somebody probably directing you on what to ask when to ask how to ask and then there's probably that's a coach and there's probably somebody looking up to probably a veteran broadcaster veteran TV personality all right what does it take to be a coach it takes experience you cannot give what you don't you don't have experience whether good or bad so it's basically experience and the skills that you have learned or gained and mainly and knowledge all right yeah because you cannot give what you don't have okay so what you're saying is if I'm running a business or who is eligible to be needing a coach in terms of if I'm running a business I'm either the only one who needs a coach or if I have a business idea can I look for a coach so who's eligible to everybody you need coaches everywhere because one thing is that business is is I can say business changes so for example like I like even example of information technology for example we used to go to the cyber cafes to do internet but right now you have your cell phone that you can use your cell phone to browse the internet you have your cell phone to even do financial transactions so at end level of business you need a coach at end level of business in training for example someone needs to train you on how to do tax returns for example you need someone to coach you on how to start for example a software that probably can help you get the pricing correct yeah so you need a coach trainer the mentor they're all essential in one's life exactly we can call them advisors okay yeah or consultants all right so far I believe that we are on the same page and you have break it down in an easy way so that our viewers can understand all right so for someone who's looking for coaching services and also looking for you as a trainer so how much take us through the process of maybe the little bit of a basic of what you take them through in terms of coaching let's start with coaching basically it depends on what level of coaching is needed for example if you start up for example you have a business idea or you have this grand idea of solving some problem so you need someone to tell you how to start how to get started how to name your business for example if you want to get into say catering business you don't have to call your business meaty shamba foods and something so you need at that level of startup you need how to know how to start the business how to name that business how to protect that business in terms of copyright in terms of business registration in terms of getting to set up the business you don't have to use all the money that you have you've gotten to probably get a furniture for your business when you make business the core business is to provide food so basically from there it depends on where you are if you're starting up you need a coach trainer or a mentor on starting up if you're expanding you send someone to teach you how to expand for example into the East African market or the international market so it is from different stages of your business exactly exactly it's not like custom stone that this is for this oh it's like a one-time thing yeah and it's forever it's lifetime yeah all right I only say that you cannot give what you don't have in terms of being a coach so take us through a couple of experiences your first business startup and what you're doing right now mine is a long one and then encourage your audience to probably copy what I did or what I've done I started off when I was around age 10 I was selling sweets when I was in primary school wow that's me young yes yes I mean this you can start business at any age at 10 15 20 30 and all that and then I got into business when I went into high school for example I used to save my pocket money I went to a rule of high school and all the pocket money I used to be given by my parents I would save I would take to the school canteen and another canteen out at the school so that every weekend when we're having that free work I get a few mantasis but when we're going back to back home I go to the the business person where I've invested my money to get all my money back oh yes so from that is the base that's where it all started yes yes yes yes so how did he transition from now you're doing it you know in a level by you're not just a qualified coach but you've said we've done a couple of other several businesses let's look at after that what did you do next after that now then like there's one aspect of life that really changed my life okay it's voluntary work now what so when I got into university I got into voluntary work I was a peer counselor and then out of that I also did you know when you get into voluntary work you're out to get in again skills gain experience so when I was doing voluntary work I realized that you know counseling is almost coaching people don't even realize that counseling basically is coaching so you're telling for example may you fellow students because I was a peer counselor so you're talking to your peers and on matters sexual health matters of financial management and all that but then now when you're doing voluntary work you really get even no pay but you paid in kind kind is for example the experience you gain this is where I got a chance to be picked by the university to attend an exchange program youth exchange program in Japan in 1994 and part of that exchange program it was a requirement it was mandatory for us to do homestay so homestay is basically we were taken to a host family in Japan and we stayed there to learn how the Japanese people behave how they eat what they eat and all that but then out of my business mind and business approach I wanted to find out why did this family host us was it for free or was it for pay I realized they were being paid by the government to host us we were about 300 of us from all over the world so there was curiosity exactly so then when I finished the program I came back to Kenya and then I'll set up that homestay business called african homestay and safaris whereby in my business I encourage tourists people from other cultures to get into people's homes so they can learn more the same way I did in Japan all right and it's actually a nice way to just integrate and learning different cultures but before we get into your turn travel company let's go back to the voluntary work and I'd like you to tell us do you feel like the voluntary space is also a good place where probably graduates from universities can get into these spaces and is there an opportunity whereby you can get employment out of just volunteering you know one of them the key areas like for example when looking for a job they ask for experience so if you're fresh from college where is the experience you can earn the experience by doing voluntary work you can you can call it internship or attachment but voluntary work in most most employers most employers look for that spirit of voluntary work and you know when you're doing voluntary work away from internship internship is like forced you know you have to do this exactly to graduate to get credit but voluntary work is a different way of I call it it's entrepreneurship it's not you know it's not like you know the internship where you're told okay fine go do this for three months but you can volunteer to either either gain a skill to get experience and again somebody was done voluntary work voluntarily has a higher chance of getting any job done or any job given to him or her what a couple of tips you tell us in terms of in the voluntary work space that would help any young person to position themselves for opportunities such as in employment for example if your passion is in accounts in let's say in finance and you you you really want to to get into that space voluntary work would help you a lot because now if you are voluntary you are doing voluntary work in let's say in a finance company the people are working there for you or the people you work with will be more interested in helping you out to gain more experience more skills and exposure then for example when you were doing internship and you are so many of you so many of you let's say from one college and this so little supervision but with voluntary work they know this person is here too because of his own say his own willingness so the willingness to help is the kind of willingness they would help you with to gain the experience and to get the required skills right there's also situations whereby you find a young person has volunteered in a space they have actually studied it or they are interested but they lack those particular opportunities in that particular space when is the time to actually identify it's time to move on and seek other opportunities I like giving my personal example when I was in college I did sociology and philosophy those days we didn't have undergraduate in mass communication I really wanted to be a journalist so what I did is volunteer as a journalist I started writing for the university magazines I started writing for national print media and then I got into now the mainstream media which actually for lack of better what I left because one is I saw the kind of stories I was writing I was writing about people doing great projects people solving problems people getting experience then I said wow this is something nice it's something I can move away from and do and I can tell you the people who have done voluntary work simply because they lack a space where they can gain some particular skill you and I know of people in politics for example well volunteered with political parties during campaigns and all that but right now you find them they are some of them are senators we can we can name a few yes others get nominated into parliament into the county assemblies so voluntary is one is one space that young people really need to to capture to get into to gain what probably they are passionate about now let's get into business and in the aspect of just starting a business before anyone starts a business it's important to identify the problem you're solving in the market I was telling earlier on about the story of voosing the require saying you have to identify a problem so that you can actually solve it talk to us on how you actually identify a space in the market and how to go about filling filling the cup you know in business or in this actually if I can take you back there is a difference between entrepreneurship and business entrepreneurs are people come up with ideas and they can also convert the idea into a business and we have business people business people are out to make profit it's really that you find that a business person is an is an entrepreneur so the idea that you can pick up for example a businessman can use it to make profit for example I'm zoom zoom is a platform where people do online classes they invent of zoom came up with the idea but now the people using zoom to have classes and they charge they pay they ask for payment to do those classes now for example if say I like giving the example of a cell phone the initial cell phone was for voice you call and you receive a call you make a call then it got improved into SMS short message service you can send a text you can receive a text then we got a cell phone that has a camera so you can do recording of you know your event you can take photos you can share photos but right now you can your phone is a bank your phone is is is something that you can do classes on it's a it's a college yeah was it you don't have to go to to to school for example like during covid most schools in fact all schools were shut but people are doing classes using the cell phones yes so there's many things way easier portable you can just do everything at the comfort of your home wherever you are on your phone you give us the difference between business and entrepreneurship which is very quite very important what does it take to start up a business it's number one it takes some creativity and innovation and a sense of knowing what is lacking a sense of knowing what you can solve if you lack those then I don't think you can be a good business person or be good in entrepreneurship because you are out to identify a problem an existing problem you're out to identify and feel the gap if you're not able to see that then I don't think you are able to make it in business I know we are so much gracious to have these videos I'm going to ask every single question for the sake of the entrepreneurs back at home so as business owners so if you are starting a business yeah and you're in the early stages of your business and there's no return they're not coming how can we be patient and just still and it's still be productive well at it I like the way you use the word be patient patience pays in fact rum and most of these big cities will never be in one day and you cannot go to the farm and plant seeds and harvest the falling day you have to plant the seed wait for it to germinate and you can do the weeding and then expect to harvest you cannot even go to college as young people you can't go to college today and you graduate tomorrow so you have to have that sense of patience nothing grows overnight nothing so everything else needs to be patience and as you said patience pays so if you want payment be patient you will be leaders of tomorrow you are a leader right now so at any level you are you are in leadership there is business leadership the civil society leadership you don't have to wait to be member of parliament or you don't have to wait to have a million Kenyan shillings to start a business or you don't have to wait to have ten university grades and then you run for parliament okay so it's it's right to say that you are you are a leader right now but you're just growing well at it yes yes yes okay and you mentioned that coaching a business coaching is quite like the same old counseling when you're talking to someone and most of the time when you're talking to I've been gracious enough to talk to a counselor so there's always the aspect of being cautious if this person has your best interest at heart or they're just after its profession for them it's a business like any other any other business so how do you identify the right coach trainer or even a mentor for for your business if you are pushing someone to help you out that's a good point in most cases some of the smartest the best coaches I never paid because one whenever they teach they learn whenever they give out the lessons they also get less they also gain lessons and that's why I'm telling you the people get in coaching and they have misinterpreting the coaching so they charge for coaching they charge for anything else that they they they're supposed to do almost for free and some of them you might find that they are probably not the very best as I told you experience the best teacher so for one to to say okay fine this one is charging par hour this one is charging per day this one is charging go that is his business business of coaching but I can tell you for sure most coaches business coaches are affordable okay yes alright so I have a question here so someone is asking if I'm your client how would you help me refine my talents goals and decisions for this success for my business it's very easy you have to we have to share we sit down tell me what your missions are your goals are and then I take you through how you can either probably because again it's in business coaching I don't have to be your boss okay that's why I told you for example in soccer and football the coach doesn't play the coach doesn't get into the field and play but it's out there trying to you know to tell you what to do want to do it and when the time for substitution comes he calls the referee and says okay fine I think this player here is is not doing well so basically it's all about guiding advising you on your idea okay it falls back to me as a person it's you as a person so coming to you and we're looking for a strategy just to maneuver for the sake of the success of my business what are the key areas that you that you look at the best one is I need to know why you're in business the reason you're in business there's several reasons I could give up to 25 reasons there are people get into business to make money there people get into business as a form of employment the people get into business for example if say your your spouse is jobless and you have a job and you don't want your spouse to be idling in the in the in the estate or whatever in your home you probably think that you can open a business for your spouse most my to keep them occupied have something to see so it becomes very difficult for me for example if let's say it's your wife that you have opened up boutique business and probably you think maybe you work in a bank and you're nicely dressed so you think that your wife can serve nice clothes for the bank managers and probably wife your wife is good in teaching when for example if your wife would be nice having a business in teaching kids but now you think for her that she can do well in selling decent dresses and decent you know office office wear so basically what what what you're looking at is why are you in business are you solving a problem are you getting self-employment are you investing the extra money exactly yeah yeah okay so that you have to understand if you don't understand it you get it wrong oh interesting yes very interesting let's dive into emotional intelligence right so and how it affects our careers and business and what we can you know do about it because most people in getting into business they become attached there's so much emotional and attached to their business holding on holding on to you know what they have so let's look at emotional intelligence and how we can handle that in our careers and also in our business if we are running one you know it's all it all both downs to to passion we are advised we do what we are passionate about the example gave you of um espoused selling clothes instead of opening a school for training so the attachment is the passion are you passionate about what you're doing if you're not then probably you are in the wrong field so it all goes down down to what you're passionate about the passion yes all right another question here we have so let's look at when you're dealing with business startups that is or want to be business owners in a situation like that so what are the biggest conflicts what's holding the what's the biggest conflict what's holding them back when it comes to the business aspect of it and what should we actually watch out for peer pressures one for example if say I did a law degree for example my peers my friends even my parents even the society would want me to get into low practice and probably I'm looking at making money I can give you an example of a dentist that I know of the dentist had his son go into dentist you know college he did all the programs in dental whatever dental training but he was not into say you know getting the smear of people's mouths he didn't want to do that so he got into matatu business and every time the parent asked what are you doing now or you know I need a equipment I need an office for this and that but then this guy all he wanted was office space to run his mother to business so the parent what he did is that he opened up a dental clinic for his son to do dental work he bought all the equipment from abroad everything as the clique was well set in a very nice area so and every time he would ask the son how is the business he says it's doing well so one day the father decides to visit the clinic and he finds this was the time when we had matatu crew donning you know uniform so when he got to the clinic he finds matatu you know dressed people dressed in matatu crew uniform and he was like so are these your clients now the son did not want to embarrass his dad he said no these are my clients they said no my son you cannot do this because these guys don't earn much he didn't know those wise employees he had opened he had started a matatu business he had several matatus and every morning or evening these guys would come and you know do reports for the day bring cash for the day and all that in the dental clinic that his dad thought was for for dental work but because as I as you asked that kind of um whatever is holding you back yes comes from either your peers or your parents or the child exactly yeah so the guy did very well in in matatu business and uh he was not asking for money from the from dad and all that until now when dad discovered he was not doing um dental work um he said okay fine if that is a passion go on but now give me the money that I used to buy which is the equipment and for the office all right now take us through uh what your company deals with the to and travel in details because it's quite unique and the market the market space you saw in the in the in the in the in the markets the gap that you saw in the market and how you dealt with it and came up with the to and travel company just take us through that it's very simple what I do is my company does this we identify homes ordinary homes our clients don't get into hotels so the ordinary homes that once we we spent in japan we identify homes that I save and secure for the tourists to come and stay and we also get tourists who are willing to be hosted in these ordinary homes for purposes of learning more about culture for purpose of saving most of them are low budget and sometimes most of them are for long term for example if you are spending hotel for one month to be very expensive for you but if you do that in an ordinary home home state and all that it's it's it's affordable I don't say it's cheap it's affordable it's enriching so what my company does is to link up guests with hosts all right yeah it's almost uh say airbnb but that came later but that is for bread and breakfast all right but my company um links up the students sorry the guests were mainly students and volunteers who come for example and stay in a country and it's not a matter of just staying they can take part in any cultural or social economic activities around the homestead so for example if you have students coming in from say canada I organize for them to stay in a rural home whereby they can learn the history of that um say the county they're staying in they can learn the culture of the county for example and they're able to interact with the people around the home where they're staying all right yes interesting very very interesting in the aspect of your guest being concerned about their safety do you run any background check for for the place where they're going to stay that's mandatory that's mandatory because again you don't have to expose the guests to any dangers so you have also to make sure you know the home they're going to stay you have to know the people they're staying with probably and again you have to know who the guests are sometimes you forget probably these are crooks coming in to be hosted so you also do both background check for the guest and for the host and different temperaments of people different personalities how you did that yeah yeah there is a form they have to fill out so you have to get to know why you're hosting for example once you experience with hosting or you know because you never know you never know you have to be very sure than to be very sorry all right so 2020 has been a year of economical hard times especially due to the global pandemic COVID-19 and in the same year during the recession there are businesses which have been actually doing well let's look at in 2021 cut a sea of COVID-19 because there's always the bad side of every situation and those are the good side of it so cut a sea of COVID-19 another couple of businesses that you see they'll do well in 2021 wow prophecy okay we're getting into information technology yes and we're getting into changing of lifestyles what people are doing before 2020 is not what they'll do in 2021 so you have really to make sure you know what people would need in 2021 most of us when COVID got us here most of us were selling vegetables using our very expensive vehicles most of us got into training and got into training and coaching most of us found ourselves jobless most of us found ourselves earning half salary so 2020 is a year to reset to readjust so that we know for example if I was doing teaching for example I can do something else you can you know even as a Christian even the Bible says you have to invest more than one in fact they say seven you have to invest in seven ways you have to have multiple streams of income exactly all right yes so in the holiday season and in the festive mood people looking to celebrate with friends and family what would be your advice when it comes to expenditure in terms of finances spend less invest more save more because this is not the last holiday we have very many coming we have schools opening in January we need school fees we need businesses to start again in in January and as you realize we really the economy was very bad during COVID most business shut and all that so spending less and investing more and saving more is what I can advise yeah and so you wrap up a couple of tips that you can give to business owners and people want to get into business that actually can increase their sales just a little bit of tips I know you have them as a business coach and the very best is that look at the problems if you are able to solve a problem then you are able to make it if there's no problem to be solved then you have no reason to be in that business do do a research again do it again and again go back to the drawing exactly for example if as you as you've seen clearly we have supermarkets moving out of the CBD into the villages so they're solving that so you don't have to come into the CBD to come up with another big supermarket people hate moving around with shopping baskets around the CBD people want to have products closer to their homes or where they work or where they stay people doing online deliveries so you probably need a warehouse and a delivery person and an online platform where they can do payment where they can do orders and all that okay yes so how can people find you on social media accounts and also your travel company how can they access it on social media handles um peter ongera everywhere and then my travel companies african homestay and safaris across all social media everywhere okay it's it's simple and short repeat the name of the the turn travel company african homestay and safaris african homestay and safaris yes simple across all social media handle everywhere thank you peter ongera for creating time to be with us thank you so much so i'm looking forward to have more of this kind of conversation in the near future uh probably next year absolutely so thank you guys next week is uh christmas i think okay thank you very much peter thank you guys for watching this conversation so that is peter ongera who is a business trainer coach and mentor make sure you follow up with him and get to learn much more in terms of studying your business if you're in one how to scale up your business right why two five four channel is where you can find us across all our social media handles at michelle ashira is where you can find me across all my social we'll be right back don't touch that dial


Okay, you're welcome back. Before now, we've been talking with Fuminsu Babarinde, we've also been talking with Otumbashe Gunsho and me and Honorable Vincent Dubani, they were all on our show trying to talk about the way forward, things that have happened within the week, especially the town hall meeting and some of the manifestos that have been in public domain for everybody to see. Today we'll be reading out what the Labour Party said in their manifesto, but first let's take some headlines that interest us at this moment. From premium times we have that increasing population. Oil and gas can no longer feed Nigeria, as according to Obasanjo. Liberate yourselves, vote out APC, Atiku tells Legosians. Lai Mohamed attacks Atiku over campaign statements. That's from premium times. We also have from the Guardian, Adefara Sin says Nigeria needs exceptional presidential leader in 2023. I think Adefara Sin is a religious leader in one of the churches. 2023 federal government developed Legos, not tenable APC. That is from Atiku. NNPC, ENP, NOSL, foster culture of well-being through public health drive. We also have Obidati manifesto and that is what we're going to bring to you right now. It's left for you to scrutinize what that is and read up on it when you have the time and see the relevant questions that you may want to ask. Now that they haven't entered into that office, they will be open for questions. So we'll read it to you. You'll be the judge. Tomorrow we'll bring another one from another party and like that until we exhaust the ones that are in public domain for the people who may not bring out their manifestos, then we cannot do anything about that. So from the Labour Party, the presidential candidate of the Labour Party, Peter Obie finally declared his campaign manifesto. It's a 62-page document titled It's Possible with a PO, a big PO. Okay, you know what that means. Apart with Nigerians. It was released after a long wait, speculations and disagreements among members of the LP, opposition parties and other vested interests and in the documents they outlined seven priority areas if elected come 2023. And this is what the pledge to do. Secure and unite our dear nation and manage our diversity such that no one is left behind in Nigeria. That's one. Move Nigeria from consumption to production. And back on comprehensive legal and institutional reforms and practicable restructuring measures to fight corruption, to ensure the enthronement of the rule of law and decisively tackle all forms of corruption. To prioritize human capital development through robust investment in STEM education, S-T-E-M, that is it, health and infrastructural development with emphasis on wealth creation, distribution and sustainable development. To engineer the transition of Nigeria from fossil fuel dependency to climate and eco-friendly energy use. Pursue holistic poverty eradication with emphasis on agricultural revolution through effective utilization of our vast arable lands, particularly in northern Nigeria and erase Nigeria's categorization as the poverty capital of the world. Improve access to finance, particularly to MSMEs, youths and women, to significantly reduce unemployment and insecurity and show that our policy and practice governance will be made more inclusive, cost effective, transformative and less transactional, no more sharing of the national wealth by a few. Those were the provisions of the manifesto of the Labour Party. Recall that it has been a clamor, there has been a clamor all this while that they need to be a document from the Labour Party and its presidential candidate Peter Obey, who was talking without a manifesto, without a document to show how he has outlined the things that he intends to do if elected come 2023. Now the document is finally out, it's left for Nigerians to look at it and see the provisions and also see in detail how these provisions will be met if they are elected in 2023. And the same goes to all other parties that are vying for the presidential seat, AACN, whatever party is vying or trying to get the position of the number one man in Nigeria, they will come out with their manifestos. Some of them have already come out with their manifestos, so we'll do well to be bringing these manifestos to you. Without judging anything, without saying anything, it's left for Nigerians to do the needful, scrutinize it and let this be the policy document, the covenant with the people. We are going to do XYZ. If they are not able to do XYZ, we know where to go to and hold them accountable. We hope that after 2023 we'll have these avenues to interact with the people who call themselves our leaders so that we can tell them what we want them to do, how we want them to do, because after all, democracy is government of the people, for the people, and by the people, and we should know as citizens and the people who are leading us also should know that building a bridge is not a dividend of democracy. Making a road is not a dividend of democracy. Even employing people is not a dividend of democracy. Those are parts of governance which a military government can do. We always say that the third mainland bridge was built by a military administration. Will they call it dividend of democracy? It's not. It's when the people have the voice in the governance of a place that you can call it democracy. So how much voice will the next president, the next governor, the next local government chairman give to the people to contribute their own quota to the development of their country and their society? That's what we are looking forward to so that we can do the checks and balances and know that the power really belongs to the people. But that's how it's going to be on the show today. We're hoping to meet you again tomorrow on the run-up. Do stay patriotic, fit, and everything. My name is Nyam Gul Aghaji. Bye for now.


I will call the first ever meeting for the City of Essex Junction City Council to order for Wednesday, July 6th, 2022. Thank you all for being here. Thank you city residents, city councilors. Nice to see you all and I'm not gonna get used to this. So that's why I'm going to intentionally say city a few more times. So I can hopefully stop saying village. Do we have any agenda additions or changes for tonight? I'm from staff Andrew. Council members? No, just curious whether it's to Brad Lux. How he gets things done. He splits himself. Right, right. All right, so with no agenda additions or changes we can move off of that. Nothing to approve and go into public to be heard. So this is a portion of tonight's meeting where if there are members of the public who wish to bring something to the city council's attention, now is the time to do so. For those of you using Zoom. Zoom, go ahead, raise your hand and I will give you the chance to speak to the city council. Anybody here in the room? Okay. So nobody here in the room. Back to Zoom land. I see no hands up. Oh, go ahead, Annie. Thanks, sorry, Raj. I just wanted to briefly say that I would be excited when y'all felt ready to start the economic development committee or commission where the city I'd be really enthusiastic to be on that and apply to be on it and be involved in it. Thank you very much. Thank you, Annie. All right, no other hands up. So then we will move off from public to be heard and we'll jump into business item 5A being the discussion of the city manager's applicants. This is going to be a conversation. We're going to have an executive session. So for those of you who are either in the room or on Zoom land this may feel a little weird because typically we do executive sessions at the end of our meetings but this is something that we are going to do first. And so as such, in a few moments I'm going to make a motion to put us into executive session and then you won't see us again until we come back from that. And then we will carry on with the meeting. So for those of you who are not members of the board this will be a bit of a pause in the meeting for you all. So with that I would move that the city council go into executive session to discuss personnel documents related to the hiring of individuals that are exempt from the public records laws under the provisions of title one, section 313A6 of the Vermont statutes and include the interim co-managers. Second. Thank you, Dan. Any further discussion? Seeing and hearing none. All those in favor please signify by saying aye. Aye. Aye. Those opposed say nay. Oh, aye. So pass unanimously. So we will go ahead and enter into executive session. For those of you again in the public we'll be back in a little while. Go ahead and call the city of Essex Junction city council Wednesday July 6th meeting back to order. Now transition into business item 5B to consider the city manager hiring process. In the packet we have the memo. There's nothing really, Brad, if this is wrong, please chime in. But I don't believe there was anything in the memo that hasn't already been discussed. Just pointing out that we have, we talked about this on May 11th. We didn't vote on it. If there are desire changes we can but how we got to the point that we are currently at is within the memo, basically with the hiring committee that we had appointed back in February they created a process that we discussed on May 11th. The general consensus from that conversation was to follow the process. Took us about an hour to get there but was to follow that process with the exception of doing what we just did which is having an opportunity to talk about the applicants and to hear how we got to the current slate of candidates that we arrived at. It's all good. Any better now? Maybe that's it. That's me. That was my bad, sorry. So it's how we got to where we were at. So are there any questions or Brad, did I leave anything out? Sorry, I just barely heard the last couple of words that you said. Which was, did I leave anything out? I don't know if others heard anything before that. You didn't either Amber? All right, so I'll go back to that again. Well, I called the meeting back to order and then after that we got into the next business item and then I just did a brief recap of the memo basically saying that in February we had appointed a hiring committee or the hiring planning committee which designed a process had input from the trustees, from residents, from staff about the way the process should look and type of people were looking for. We discussed that briefly on May 11th. So for about an hour or so and the big takeaway from me on that one is that we would follow the process that the committee had outlined with the only difference being that we would add an executive section to talk about the applicants and how we got to the final slate or the slate of candidates that we just spoke about. But other than that, we had largely agreed with the process, we just didn't vote on it at that meeting. So unless I missed anything, Brad, does that align with what you had in the memo? Yes, thank you. Yeah, well, we didn't hear any of that. So thanks for recapping. Yep, that aligns exactly. All right, city council, any questions? There are no questions. Then since we've talked about this already if somebody wanted to make the motion possibly the first motion. All right, I move that the city council, let's see here, is it up on the big screen? I think so. Yes. I'm with the city council discuss the process that has previously been laid out and decide if they would like to amend or accept it. A little bit further down. So the recommended motion. The amended, yeah. Okay. So should the city council decide to move forward the following are the recommended options and I would move that we accept the city manager hiring process that had been identified in this memo. Second. Thank you, Dan. Thank you, Raj. Any further discussion? Hearing none, a listen in favor, please signify by saying aye. Aye. Aye. Those opposed, say nay. Great. So we have the process and now we go into the consent agenda. I move we accept the consent agenda. Second. Thank you. Thank you, Raj. Thank you, Dan. Any further discussion? Hearing none, all in favor, please signify by saying aye. Aye. Those opposed, say nay. Great. So it also passed unanimously. We've already done the executive session and so I would entertain a motion to adjourn. I move we adjourn. I move. Second. Thank you, Dan. Thank you, Raj. Any further discussion? Hearing none, all in favor, please say aye. Aye. Those opposed, say nay. All right. Thank you all. Have a good night.