here at Davis Media Access. This episode I'm joined by Kyle Williams and Gunnar Lester. Kyle and Gunnar are longtime media producers here at Davis Media Access. They've been producing a radio show called Building Ideas and Solving Problems. They're going to be moving the radio show into television and moving into the different medium here. We're going to talk to these guys a little bit today about what's inside the minds of a producer, so to speak, and a little bit about some of their motivation and give you a little preview of maybe of the show that's to come on television. Although the format will be a lot different of course. So thanks for coming in, you guys, first off. So yes, Kyle and Gunnar. You guys have been producing media for a while now. And I kind of wanted to spend some time just to ask you guys a little bit first how you both met. And I know you've told me, but tell people at home how you guys met real quick here. Yeah, I wasn't concerned with that. Tom, a significant player at the Capital Athletic Club, knew I wanted to play in a golf tournament down in Brentwood at a country club. And I didn't have a partner to play with. And he wanted to propose that I play with Kyle, but he asked me the question, do you care if you win? I said, oh, I'm really not a good enough golfer to win. And I knew there'd be some scratch golfers playing there. So I said, no, I don't care if I win. I just want to participate. Well, then I'm going to introduce you to Kyle. Have you ever met him? And I said, no. So how many rounds was that? 18. 18 rounds. 18 holes. So 18 holes. You never met before. Never met him. How often does that happen when you play golf? Is it just you get paired with people? That just happens. He was almost late. He says, I'm never late. It's random to answer your question, Jeff. And the reason that Tom asked about the winning or not is that I'm not utterly competitive. So Tom wanted to make sure that Gunnar wasn't all about winning. Yeah. I'm competitive, too. But he's a lot more competitive than I am, as it turns out. But I am not. He's a good golfer. So tell me how you decided to produce media. To become a producer, how did you both decide to do that? Well, I think I was just copying Howard Cosell, the Monday Night Football. So we got Mike Posol, who was in construction. And was he also a golfer? Or how'd you know him through construction? I knew him through here locally. Through Davis and friends and people and so forth. So Howard Cosell was kind of the middleman, I don't know what you would call him. And then you had two guys on his left and right in Monday Night Football.  Correct. And Gunnar, you were willing to go along with this? It was his idea. He wanted to bring Kyle. And he wanted to bring Mike and myself together. I'm a construction man, a roofing man. Retired now. Retired somewhat. And Mike is a pro builder. And we talk the same language, construction talk. It has its own tongue, like any profession does. Jargon. And Kyle encouraged us to do it. And we were reticent and thought it wasn't going to happen. How would that happen? Because you hadn't done anything like it before. No. And you hadn't done anything like it before. No. You call it media, radios media? Sure. I mean, these days, everything's on the web. So people call it content. It's not even these days, it's just producing content. And whether everything's on the web, every format, it's just called producing content. So as ambiguous as it gets, that's like saying it's a thing. But people call it content. So sure. So you hadn't done it before, either. OK. And well, that's my next question. Is it, did you do it because it was fun? Or is there something sort of driving you to like a higher purpose? Because we get people down here producing content, radio, TV, whatever.  Some for they want to learn new skills. Other people, it's a higher purpose or like a mission or calling. And I'm kind of wondering with you guys how you saw it or how you see it now. Connor, what did you do for fun? I'm a man that thinks that if you have something to say and it can be useful, it can have value. And I thought, maybe it's an opportunity to have to produce some valuable data that could be useful out in the real world. And I thought it would be fun. And maybe to some degree, a little bit confronting or scary, but not very much confronting or scary. We seem to be naturally him. So you're saying it's a combination of, right? It was at the same for you, Kyle. It's a combination of a little bit of fun, a little bit of the higher purpose that of your own higher purpose gunner has his higher purposes. But also, you don't do things unless they're fun a little. Well, yeah, I wanted it to be fun. Yeah, why? And at the same time, make a difference. And it gets, I wanted to, I don't mind being a chief for an Indian. And if you're an Indian, you want to make sure the chiefs are running things the right way. And I just wanted to do my part to let people know out there of how things could be. And plant some seeds of, why are we doing these things this way when we could be doing them this way? So that sounds like a higher purpose to me than more of a mission. You're doing all this effort for a reason that speaks to you. It's not just goofing off and having fun. You could say he has the heart of a teacher. He seems to teach. I mean, if you listen to him, he'll get to give you useful information on specific areas that he's done a lot of research and knows quite a bit. And I've found that when it comes to money and stocks and bonds, he's pretty astute. So as far as producing media, do you think media has a certain power over people? Like, why media? Why using the tools that the media tools that are there? How do you think that that's a powerful tool to reach people? Or how do you see media these days? I mean, that's a loaded question. The media has the audience, a huge audience. And so there's that opportunity to reach or touch that huge audience. And it could be negative. It could be positive. It could be good, bad. But there's that opportunity to do that. And I mean, I've grown up in a mass media environment. But a couple generations ago, newspapers and radio, radio has been around a long time. And even before that, information was exchanged via even slower routes. And so we're living in a pretty hyper-mediated world. Do you guys see problems with the media system that we have now? I think you're going to start to see it leaning more towards radio again a little bit. I mean, TV's always going to dominate. But I think media is going to, this whole Ben Carson started it, saying that the media is whatever. And Trump's perpetuating it. The media is going to have to, how do you say it? Wake up, change a little bit. Guide their direction. What do you think causes that these days? What causes some of the problems that, I don't know what Ben Carson said about it. But as far as the media, he was just one of the first ones to say it. The media is on the muscle now. And they're having a personal fight with Donald Trump, the president. And he's declared that he'd fight and they're fighting. And so the media agenda is to, the big portion of the media's agenda right now is to hit Trump and hit him hard. And the media is very powerful. It's like water on stone. They're so big, so powerful. And so how do you think that came to be? Like how do you suppose, what purpose does that serve the media? Like how does the media work for its own self-interest?  Mainstream media being the large networks that operate cable channels and whatnot. Well, their power just escalated. I mean, it got to the point where you watched. And I don't want to pick any particular person, but Bob would ask a question and demand the answer on the media as if he was in charge. I mean, we went from Walter Cronkite to giving you the news to telling you how things are. Well, it's interesting you bring up Walter Cronkite because I just watched a documentary about the tower in Austin. And this was a school shooting in 1966. And he reported it. But there's a lot of writing that went into it these days back then. He sort of presented the information. But it felt like there was some creative presentation even then, too, I felt like. So do you see your ability to try to change things by using the media? Or how do you see the media here, the community media? How do you see that helping in the larger scheme of things? Is it just your voices out there competing against the mainstream media or what? Well, I think the smaller guys are going to get a lot more attention. I mean, you're noticing when Trump goes to ask questions, he avoids the big boys now. He's asking the smaller entities, what do you think? You asked the question. Years ago, people believed that their doctor would be more or less responsible for their health. And so they went to the doctor and had complete faith in the doctor and what the doctor said and did. And they had the same feeling about Walter Cronkite. He wouldn't spin the truth. He'd just say it like it was. Today, people have to take responsibility for their own health. Doctors won't really help them. People know that. Majority of people know that they have to take responsibility for their own health. And they also know that the media isn't as quite as authentic as Walter Cronkite. And it shadows the liberty. The film that we saw tells the secret on the fact that they're money-based, profit-based rather than news-based. Sure. All right, well, I think we're getting closer running out of time. And this has been just a short introduction to you guys. I want to invite people, if you're interested in listening to Kyle and Gunnar, building ideas and solving problems and watching their show, they're going to be moving the show to television here pretty soon. And you can see that show on davismedia.org. You can also watch it on cable channel 15, like all of the shows here at Davis Media Access. Any last words for people at home as far as what you hope to accomplish on your show? Well, the radio. Or just that people should tune in to find out, I guess? Well, sure. That's a part of it, yeah. We're going to find out with them. It's going to creep along as we go. We never stop learning. And so education and or learning something is valuable, I think. And so I'm of the belief that we never stop learning. So there's possibilities for us to find something out and share it with the others, and it may be worthwhile. OK, well, tune in with building ideas and solving problems with Kyle and Gunnar and learn along with them as we embark on the new journey here for these guys on television. Thanks for tuning in.


much to the organizers of this session for giving me the possibility to show something of my research. I am not an archaeologist, but I work with archaeologists since the 19th, so it's a lot of time, and I feel like an archaeologist of the landscape. But I am a biologist, so my perspective on showing you and discussing about the Mediterranean cultural landscape is a biological perspective. The keywords of my presentation are palinology, Mediterranean, archaeological site, and cultural landscape. But there will be two main parts. The first part is a methodological part. Why palinology to study cultural landscape? And the second part is an example of a palinology applied to archaeological sites in Sicily with special focus on San Vincenzo Stromboli. The development of cultural landscapes can be studied by palinology. The evolution of a cultural landscape over time is seen as an adaptive response to climate change and local environmental and sociocultural variables. In a long-term perspective, both the natural and the social science approaches can be studied through the pollen analysis. But why? Because if we observe the concepts included in the idea of cultural landscapes, we find that there are ecological, formal, and cognitive concepts. And this is a definition following the Moorl and Byles-Smith free concept that can identify an ecological concept that means a landscape produced by cumulative effects of human activities. The formal concept is a landscape produced by a particular culture. And the cognitive concept includes intangible links between humans and their territories. And with Botany we can study also these aspects through palethnobotany and ethnobotany. But palinology is the science that uses pollen to measure ecological phenomena and therefore is among the best biological approaches to investigate the relationships between people and the environment in the past. Pollen is produced by flowering plants and spread thanks to the transport by wind and by animals, including humans into the animals. But when we study pollen stratigraphy from archaeological sites, we must take in mind that we need an archaeological approach and an archaeological interpretation. So to study pollen from archaeological sites needs a different sampling approach and interpretation approach with respect to sediment cores. Therefore we have different sites and different contexts in palinology. We can study both, but the effects of the human activities on plants, that is, that palinologists can see, are expected to be more evident in the archaeological sites rather than in the off sites. The study of archaeological sites often gives a direct evidence of the local land use and of plant exploitation and can help inferences on climate and human impact in the region when it is compared with off site records. So we have off sites, we mean lakes, pitboxes, small miles and we have on site, we specifically think to archaeological sites. It is not rare to have pollen analysis from archaeological sites. From the database brain, which is online, you can check the number and typology of archaeobotanical analysis. We know currently that there are more than 200 archaeological sites in Italy with pollen analysis. Most palinological research is demonstrating that the Bronze Age has probably had the most dramatic impact on the landscape and that there is a good correspondence between the distribution of archaeological sites and the paleo-ecological data that emerged from, that are emerging from the off sites. So the influence of humans on the environment has a long history in all our territory. Moving to Sicily, the database brain includes plant remains from 19 archaeological sites and six of them performed results from pollen analysis. In Modena and my lab studied, for example, pollen samples from filosofiana and from Villa del Casale as Roman periods and from the medieval site of Piazza Armerina. Moreover, we studied also pollen from the Roman Mozia from the Greek and Roman theater of Taormina and now we have just started to study Morgantina. Just this summer we have taken samples. Everywhere palinology has been able to outline the role of human activities like site building, cultivation and pastoralism as key agents of shaping the Mediterranean landscape. Considering the topic of this session, I decided to focus as case study example on San Vincenzo in Stromboli, which is a Bronze Age site. We are studying since the 2010 in cooperation with Sara Tiziana Levy and her team. San Vincenzo in Stromboli is the northernmost island in the Olean Archipelago in the southern Teurinian Sea and is in a strategic position for controlling the maritime routes, in particular the Messina Strait. The excavation at San Vincenzo Stromboli directed since 2009 by Sara Tiziana Levy in collaboration with the superintendent of the Messina has revealed a wide early middle Bronze Age village with several oval stone built huts inside the network of stone fences and terraces. We studied samples from these cultural liars but also from our occupation liars because the occupation of the site continued into historical times with evidence of burials, buildings and abundant pottery from the classical period to the present. As for the Archibotanical data, we know that we have macro remains especially the study of the University of Salento and the colleague Fiorentino from the island of Filiicudi and Salina but most data come from macro remains. In Stromboli we have the first evidence from Poland from these archaeological sites. A strategy of open-air excavation and trenches has revealed well preserved archaeological deposits investigated with an interdisciplinary focus especially in regards to the integration of volcanological research. So Archibotanical analysis focused on Bronze Age samples but we selected especially samples that were studied also for our proxy. A total of about 90 Poland samples were collected during seven archaeological campaigns and about 60 samples for Carpo-logical analysis were taken but we have not find any macro remains so it was not possible for us to integrate data even if it is a work style we have and it is the optimum to work by putting together results from microscopic and macroscopical plant evidence. So in general when we collect Poland samples we have to take in mind that not all contacts are suitable to find Poland so we must avoid fireplaces, oxidated liars if we have floors or something and no Poland can be found and in general we can have also a bad state of preservation of these pollen grains so we have to search for the better for the best rich organic segments but we can find also bad pollen in other samples. In general it is also important to concentrate the pollen because it is important to use a pollen extraction by concentration by concentrate. So it is very important to use a flotation of pollen and it sounds like a flotation of macro remains but it is another thing but pollen can float and in this way we can concentrate it in archaeological sites. So looking at some results from San Vincenzo Stromboli I put in the bottom here a classical pollen diagram the top layers of the two top layers here are the recent spectra modern spectra and the other server from the Bronze Age and at the top to to pie diagram to show the main flora composition of this diagram. So in in general pollen spectra show a low forest cover and the prevalence of herbs of the type ciperacea, poacea and urtica that all together mean a dominance of wet meadows or treeless vegetation with many ruderal and anthropic wild plants near the houses for example. Woods included the oaks, juniper and olea indicating a thermo mediterranean forest and olea was about three percent during the Bronze Age which is a significant percentage it means that olive trees were close to the site. Wet environments are well represented including salix and aquatic plants suggesting that freshwater was even more available in the past than today in this island. Interestingly serial pollen is rare and only five grains of ordeum time that include barley were found in two different areas of the site. This means that possibly the plants were grown there but no large fields we cannot imagine a large fields. Moving to two key type of records Cicorye and Vitis are very interesting because Cicorye are usually indicator of pasture lands and means that people relied on pasture but in the case of Stromboli we have no so high evidence by Cicorye rather than other breeding plants like Fabace or plants used also for fodder and also this is a coprophilus dung fungus that is the evidence of breeding in the area. About Vitis the problem of pollen or Vitis is quite strange. We focused on the absence of this pollen because we know that the acobotanical evidence of the oldest domesticated Vitis is a test that in the Olian island with grape seeds from the village of Filoblaccio and Filicudi and in the village of Portella in Salina. Both islands have important links with the JN area but in the case of Stromboli we cannot demonstrate that the living plants were growing there because pollen is absent. Only to show you that we studied in a special way pollen of Vitis also in the Roman times because it was known that Villa del Casale was with a lot of mosaics reporting the image of Vitis but also in that case the few records were only indicators of decoration plants. So my time is finished thank you for your attention.


What's up everyone? I'm Giovanni, your host. Welcome to another Coin Telegraph AMA. Today I have the pleasure to be joined by Alpha, co-founder and CEO of Derip Protocol. How are you doing, Alpha? Good, good. How are you doing? I'm great. Hello everyone. Alpha is the CEO of Derip Protocol, which is a platform for DeFi derivative trading. Today we're going to talk about this project and we're going to ask Alpha to answer all the questions that you have. For the audience, don't forget to write questions in the chat and I will be asking Alpha about it. Also, before we start, I want to remind our audience to like and subscribe to our channel if they haven't done it yet. We can get started. Alpha, maybe you want to give us some more background about yourself, about your team and about your project, Derip Protocol. Okay, cool. First of all, Derip Protocol, as you probably can tell from the name, Derip is actually short for derivative. It's a DeFi protocol for derivative trading. Actually, we define it by a formula, which is perpetual futures plus ever-losing options times decentralized, which means currently we provide two types of derivatives, perpetual futures and ever-losing options, and we provide in DeFi way. So, yeah, that's about very short about the protocol and about myself. I was actually from, originally I was from the physical background. I was a physical PhD and then I went to the financial industry. For most of the time, I was dealing with derivatives, the trading, pricing and risk management and so on and on. So, several years ago, I went to the crypto world, actually started from the crypto hedge fund. Then we found this pretty exciting world of DeFi. That's when we started to build our own DeFi DeApps. That's where Derip Protocol started. My team is a pretty late team with top experts of finance, math and computer science. We have a background like my background from the financial industry or people from the internet industry and financial industry and so on and on. And we have both in-depth experience from quantitative finance and also smart counter development. So, yeah, I guess that's very short. That's a very brief introduction for us. Maybe we can get into that. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah, of course, we're going to dive deeper into most of the topics that you mentioned. First of all, I want to get the main issue here clear. So, you said that Deri is dealing with derivative trading. So, derivatives market are a huge market in cryptocurrencies and I'm sure that a lot of our viewers are interested in this market. So, please don't hesitate to ask questions if you have. First, I would like to address the fact that Deri is introducing derivative trading using DeFi. So, what is the point of using DeFi in derivative trading? We know that there are centralized exchanges, for example, that deal with derivative trading. What is better in having it in DeFi than in traditional exchanges? What's the point of it? Yeah, that's a very good question. Actually, that's the reason why we started this. Actually, I used to describe Deri protocol as a uniswap-styled Bitmax. So, Bitmax is just one example for the centralized exchange. But we are actually providing something that Bitmax provides, but through a way that's the same as uniswap does. Well, there's nothing wrong about what Bitmax does. It's just that for DeFi, we are building a financial system on the blockchain. And you simply cannot trade centralized exchange derivatives from the blockchain.  You just cannot go to trade on Bitmax. This has to be something that you do on Ethereum, right here, right on the blockchain. So, that's actually the primary reason that we do this in DeFi way. But that being said, there are some advantages that we have here that makes our solution better than the traditional centralized solutions. For example, we offer what we call extreme capital efficiency. And one of the examples is that we support multiple base tokens to post as a margin to trade. And for that, for example, on BSC, when you trade futures of Bitcoin, you can deposit either BUSD or BNB or cake. And we are adding more as a margin. This is not something that you could easily do in a centralized exchange. So, that's the basic reason why we do this, why we provide this derivative solution in the DeFi way. Okay, so basically, Derek provides with an organically fully on-chain solution to derivative trading. Exactly. And as far as I understand, you have two main products that are these perpetual futures and everlasting options as your core products that you're offering on your platform. So now, of course, we're going to go through them one by one. We know about perpetual futures. But a lot of people in the audience also have heard about them, but probably it's better if we remind our audience what perpetual futures are and introduce a very new concept, which is the concept of everlasting options. So would you mind to go through these two types of products and the main difference between the two? Yeah, actually, you could make things clearer if we compare the two. Actually, both the perpetual futures and everlasting options belongs to this funding fee-based perpetual derivative family. So what does that mean? So what does the funding fee-based perpetual derivatives mean? It is a kind of derivatives for which you pay the funding fee to maintain the position. It doesn't have an expression just like the regular futures or options, all of them with an expression, but the perpetual derivatives, they don't have an expression. So as long as you pay the funding fee, your position is maintained. So that's how it works. But for every specific type of such funding fee-based perpetual derivative, it has a payoff function that's defined, that's linked to the derivative. And that is where the perpetual futures and everlasting options, they are different from each other. So their payoff function is different. For perpetual futures, it's a linear payoff. So basically, let's say you are long a perpetual futures of Bitcoin. Then when Bitcoin goes up, then you make money. Bitcoin goes down, you lose money. So that's what a linear payoff function means. But for the case of everlasting options, it's not like that. It's not linear. The payoff function is defined so that let's say you are long a call everlasting co-option. Then the payoff function makes you, when Bitcoin goes up, you make money. When Bitcoin goes down, you don't lose money. So that is how the payoff function is defined. And that's in the core of this everlasting option. And that's how it's different from the perpetual futures. Okay, the way you described it, it seems super exciting. Like a way where you have just upside potential without downside risks. But you don't get that for free. You need to pay some fee. Right, exactly. And that's mainly the issue. So in order to not having that downside risk, you need to agree to pay a fee. I continue to maintain your position. Am I right? Yes, yes, exactly. So to remind our audience, so to make them understand better, the perpetual futures and everlasting options are special in the sense that they don't have this expiration moment that kind of characterizes other options and future contracts. So you can hold your position as long as you want. As long as you, depending on your position, you might need to pay a fee in order to maintain the position. Yes. So we're going to, we're going to of course make this concept a bit clearer later when you're going to show us how actually to concretely buy those options and you're going to make some concrete examples. Yes. First, I wanted to address a concrete, actually, I think that you could actually show us now the concrete examples if you want. So let's consider two different cases, one in which you buy a call option and another one where you buy a put option. Actually, as you mentioned, there are two types of options, call and put. Actually, I think I can make two examples. One is to buy a call, let's say I want you to buy a put in order to short a call, right? So one from the long side, the other from the short side. Yes. Buying a put is a very typical use case of option. Let's say you have some Bitcoin, you have some Bitcoin, but you don't want to bear the risk of a Bitcoin going down below, let's say, 40K. And then one thing that you can do is you can buy a put with a strike at a 40K, then you are protected against the risk of Bitcoin goes below 40K. As for how to do that, here let me share the screen. I just click this button, right? Okay, let me share the screen. Can you see my screen? Yes, we can see it. Yeah, so this is actually, this is the real life website. So this is where you do it.  So right now, actually, I already have some, yeah, because I tried this out before. So I already have some, I have like a few hundred dollars deposited into this position as a margin. But if you don't have, so you can, first thing you can do is deposit some, because this is on BSC. So the finance margin, we use the BUSD as the base token. So first thing you can do is you can add some BUSD at the margin. So if you have something here in your margin account, the next things that you can, then we can go to buy this put option. As you can see, currently we, actually today is the day we launched this. So this is very fresh. We have options for both Bitcoin and for Ethernet, right? For Bitcoin, currently we have, we offer the $40,000, this is the strike, meaning the protection price is $40,000 and this is a strike at $50,000, $50K. And this is a put and this is a cost, P for put and C for call. Of course, and you can see it here, this is the option types to put, okay? So the first exam I'm going to show you is I buy some put option at strike price of $40,000, but I don't have too much money here because I only have a few hundreds and then we try to buy 0.1 Bitcoin. And it actually used up this much of my margin. So, okay, I can equal 0.1 Bitcoin. So that's associated to 0.1 Bitcoin. Okay, I can equal trade. This is going to tell me the number of contracts, 0.1, position of execution, 0.1, my direction is alone, meaning I'm buying it. Okay, and this is the trade price and I'm going to pay some transaction fee, which is not really dear though, but it's too small to show here because we only have two digits of the point. Okay, I can okay, and I confirm that on my wallet. So now you basically bought a put option. Yes, you can see it's there, right? So I just bought a put option. I bought a put option for 0.1 Bitcoin. So that's going to protect my 0.1 Bitcoin at the price of $40,000. So this is what's going to happen, so this is what's going to happen. So if the price of Bitcoin stays above $40K, nothing's going to happen. So there won't be much unrealized PNL. As you can see, here's a very little change of PNL here. So basically nothing's going to happen. But if one day, let's say Bitcoin gets below $40K, let's say it goes to $35K. So that's $5,000 below the strike. Then for one Bitcoin, I will have a realized PNL of $5,000. But here because I only bought 0.1, right? So in that case, I would have a unrealized PNL here for $500. So that $500 is going to compensate my loss below the Bitcoin price of $40K. So that's how it works. Okay, and let's say that you want to get out from this position. What do you do? You sell your position? To do it, you can just enter an opposite direction trade and click trade. But the easier way to do that is to click on this cross. I just click on this one. Can you confirm? It takes a little bit of time to confirm. There you go. It's gone. I just closed my position. Okay, you closed your position and basically you realize your gains, which is 5,000 gains. No, you actually compensated the loss of $5,000 because Bitcoin went below the strike price by $5,000 and you basically managed to hedge that risk. Yes, let's say, right, because just now the Bitcoin price didn't really change, right? Let's say if the Bitcoin price changed to, let's say it went to $35K, right? The minute after I bought this put option, then I would have an unrealized PNL of $500 here because I only bought 0.1 for 0.1 PTC, right? So my unrealized PNL is going to be $500. If I connect this cross here, I would turn that unrealized PNL into a realized PNL, then I would have $500 profit. Okay, cool. So now I would like to see another example. Before we go to the call option example, let's see if we can answer some questions from the audience. Okay, cool. So Gizhu is asking, how is the disequilibrium funding for options calculated? Will it make a long option to receive money? I'm not sure. Actually, that's an interesting question because by the naming of disequilibrium funding, I think this is a terminology from one of the earlier versions of our ever-lost options. Actually, right now we don't have disequilibrium funding anymore. Right now it's only just one funding. Okay. But as for your question, will it make a long option to receive money? Directly, it will not. But in reality, if the selling, it could happen in the very extreme cases if there are just too many people selling it, it could turn it into that extreme case. Okay, so just wanted to remind our audience that, as you said, today you launched the first examples of everlasting options. So you have two main markets for everlasting options, one for Ethereum and one for Bitcoin. And you can play around with those. So we saw before an example of how you buy a put everlasting option. Now let's see what is the strategy for buying a call option. Okay. Actually, yeah. I think for the call option, let's show the other side to sell. Actually, let me choose this 50K call. The call at 50K. Actually, let me show you how to sell it. The sell it is on the other side. So the sell it is, it really means if, okay, let me just first enter the position also. I'm going to do, again, I'm going to do 0.1 Bitcoin. Let me click trade. So remember that, recall that I clicked the short, right? So right now I'm going to do, so the number of contracts is going to be minus 0.1. And position of the execution is minus 0.1. And direction is short. And this is the trade price. And actually you can see, okay, now I have a little bit bigger transaction D that I can see from here. It's 0.05 BUSD. That's, no, no, nine BUSD. So that's nine cents. Okay. So now to make things clear, what are you betting on right now? Yeah, I'm going to explain that right now. So, okay, it's confirmed. Oh, yeah, confirmed. Okay, so now I'm having this short position. What I'm betting on right now is actually that Bitcoin don't go, Bitcoin will not go about 50K. Because if Bitcoin, because I'm sure this 50K call option, if the Bitcoin does go about 50K, I'm going to lose money. So as long as Bitcoin stays below 50K, I will not have a significant, it's going to be a very small change here for this Unreal as a PNL, but there won't be a significant change. But once the Bitcoin goes above 50K, let's say it goes to 55K, then for every one contract, the short position will lose 5,000. And for my 0.1 contract, I will lose 500. But the good thing is, as long as when it does not go about that, I will be collecting this money fee. As you can see here, accrued the funding fee, I already accrued some funding fee, right? 0.01 something. And basically, those fees come from the other side of the trade. So the other side of the trade is paying those fees to you because the one that goes long, the long side is paying the funding fees. The short side is receiving the funding fees as far as I understand. That's exactly how it works. Okay. So before I play the role of the long side, right? So actually, yeah, because I should point out the accrued funding fee was minus. That means I was paying for it. And now I'm collecting it. Right. So let's say that your bet goes wrong and the Bitcoin goes above the benchmark that you established. At that point, you said that you're going to lose some money. You're going to lose some money after it. But some of that money is going to be compensated by the funding fees that you've been collecting until that very moment. Am I correct? Yes. Yes. You are right. Okay. So it sounds like a very interesting mechanism, but would you say that it's something that even a newbie could approach or it's something for professional traders? I would say, so this is something, if you do have such a demand, if you do have such a demand, you understand this very easy. For example, the first case that I made, if you do have the same kind of wish that you don't want a better risk that Bitcoin goes below 40K, then you go buy a pool. That's very easy to understand. Then that buying would be very straightforward for you. And the second case that I just made, the setting operation, well, that sounds a bit risky. So if you are not sure about that, then you might not be the best practice for you to do. So the thing is, you do need to understand this. And when you have that demand, you would understand this very easily. I think this setting call, if I put this case in another scenario, it would be more easy to understand. Let's say you want to sell your Bitcoin, you want to sell your Bitcoin at 50K. And then normally what you do is you just wait. Wait for Bitcoin to go to the price, say 50K, and then you sell it. That's the regular way to do it. But there is an advanced way to do this. Instead of just waiting, what I did just now, you sell a call option at 50K and enjoy collecting the funding. And when Bitcoin does hit the price of 50K, you close your position and you sell your Bitcoin. That equals to the case, that's equivalent to the case that you sell your Bitcoin at 50K. But what's good about this is, before Bitcoin hits the price of 50K, you collect all the funding, please. That's an extra income, right? Right, that's very fascinating. So a lot of people that are not patient enough to see Bitcoin price going up, this is basically a very interesting way to receive some passive income using derivatives. Exactly. Okay, that's cool. That's cool. So I guess that for people that want to understand better this mechanism, I would say that a good place where to go is on the medium account of Deri. There is a very interesting page where they can check for separate examples, for separate strategies of how to trade everlasting options. But also, I want to mention the fact that this everlasting option concept was introduced for the first time, as far as I know, this year in a paper by Sam Bankman Fried and another gentleman called Duke White. Yes, yes. So those, we would say that they introduced this concept for the very first time, right? Yes, in the main of this year. Three months ago. Right. And there is a paper where this everlasting option concept is explained. What kind of contribution did you have into the invention of this everlasting option concept, if any? Yeah, yeah, as you mentioned, so this was originally proposed by Dave White and Sam, right? Dave White was from paradigm research and our work was based on their theoretical paper too. But actually we made our own contributions too. We contributed to this both to the theoretical part and to the practical part. For the theoretical part, we actually extend the everlasting options discussing that paper to a continuous funding scenario, meaning that you pay the funding fee continuously. Because originally in the paper, they talk about scenarios that you pay once or twice a day. That was how the funding fee paid. But actually that was not proper for the DeFi application. In DeFi, things happen naturally per block or per second. That's a more natural way for DeFi. So we extended to this continuous funding scenario. Also, we actually derived a closed-form analytical formula for the pricing. Because originally they came up with a pricing framework, which is a summation of infinite series, which is not quite practical. But we actually derived this closed-form solution for it, which is mathematically simple and beautiful. It actually helps people understand this everlasting options. And just like if you are familiar with the options, you would know the so-called black-shells pricing formula. So our pricing formula helps people understand this everlasting options just like the black-shell pricing formula helps people understand the regular options. So that's the theoretical part. And also we contribute to the practical part. Of course, because we are the first one to bring this into reality. The daily everlasting option is the first everlasting option that has been built on this planet. And to do that, it's not an easy thing. To do that, we need to resolve a series of financial engineering problems, such as how to do the risk management, how to acquire the initial margin or the maintenance margin. And also because we do this through an AMM way, then how to implement everlasting options in the AMM way. And so on and on. So we resolve a lot of practical financial engineering problems. So basically, yes. So that's our contributions. Right. I think we have another question from the same viewer as before. What's the current setting equivalent to this equilibrium funding that makes long and short balance? How is it calculated? Can you point me to the relevant page? Actually, you can go to our website. For this, I don't need to share the screen. You can go to read the white paper. This is actually explained in the, because right now there's only one part of funding, right? But this part of funding is actually the funding fee is associated to the price, which is associated to the net position. So when the pool is not in the equilibrium state, the price is going to be either above or below the theoretical price. And the increment part, the change of the price, or the delta part of the price relative to the theoretical price, associates to one part of the funding. And that part of the funding is what you are asking. The current setting equivalent to this equilibrium funding. So it's just included in the current one funding fee. Yeah, because in order to make people understand better this concept, the funding fees that are implemented by these everlasting contracts have also the function to, as far as I understand, to balance, to keep the price of the underlying asset. Pagued to the price of the option itself. So as far as I understand, the fees are paid also to keep the prices of the underlying asset tied to the price of the, not going too high or too low, the price of the option itself. Did I understand correctly this concept? Yes, that's more or less like that. So let's make this concrete. Let's say the theoretical price is for this option, the theoretical mark price for this option is, let's say 100. And if there's, let's say, because this question is about this equilibrium funding, which is associated to the unbalanced loans and shores. So let's say there are more loans than shores, then the pool is not in an equilibrium state. Then the mark price will not be 100. It will be higher than 100. Let's say 110. That extra part of the 10, the 110 minus 100, the extra part, which is $10, that is associated to the disequilibrium part, which is the current set equivalent to the disequilibrium funding. That makes loans and shores balance. I hope that answers the question. Right. And now I would like to address another question which I have. So we know that Dairy is a platform using DeFi, so it's fully on chain. And this concept of everlasting options and our, I mean, as you said, it's the first example on your platform. It's the very first concrete example of everlasting options. On our planet. On our planet, exactly. But do you think that this everlasting option could also be used in an off chain environment or they need to be on chain to work? It doesn't have to be. It could be implemented by the centralized exchange too. Okay. But yeah, but... Yeah, go ahead. No, I just wanted to ask you if this concept can also be used in a decentralized way. So what is the incentive of having it on DeFi and on blockchain? Well, but the way we do this is the AMM way. So that's a very easy way to start this from zero, right? So if you do this in a centralized exchange way, then you would, first of all, first thing is you need to gather together a number of, like, market makers. And then all to understand how this thing works, especially how the pricing works. And so that's a whole bunch of stuff. But the AMM way, because the AMM is something that's kind of original in the DeFi world, right? The AMM approach makes this thing happen naturally and easily. Right. Yeah, I mean, I guess the point is always bypassing these middlemen, these unnecessary actors that need to be involved if you want to do things in a centralized manner. So that's the whole point of DeFi. So now I would like to just address again our audience, just continue asking questions because this is about the future of derivative trading. So it's a very exciting aspect of our industry. What I want to ask you now is, like, I know that when you choose a position on your platform, a trading position, you tokenize it. So your platform tokenizes trading positions and transforms them into NFTs. So can you explain the reasoning behind this mechanism and why are you tokenizing these trading positions? Yeah. As far as I know, DeFi was probably the first DeFi project that made something as an NFT within the project. The second one that I know was Unisop. They made their actually LP tokens. I mean, Unisop V3, they made their LP tokens as an NFT, right? Actually, the thing is, making positions as an NFT or tokenizing position is a way to promote the composability. What does that mean? It means, let's say, another DeFi project, APP, they would like to hold some, they would like to hold some derivatives within their project, within their smart contract. Then it would be very easily, extremely convenient for them to hold this NFT, the position NFT, right? You can imagine, let's say, if this is some structural product, it's very common to see that structural product using derivative as part of the constituents, right? So if they want to, let's say, they want to hedge their Bitcoin, hedge their risk of Bitcoin going down to below 40K, they want to just, they just want to buy a put option, the everlasting put option. But I'm talking about a smart contract doing this, okay? Then it's very easy for that smart contract to hold this position token, the NFT, in its own smart contract. So that's extremely convenient for the other DeFi projects to do this. Right. I was just curious because NFTs are these kind of guarantees of uniqueness, of irreplaceability. So I was wondering why you need to make one of these great positions unique like a piece of art, like an NFT. That's what I was wondering. Oh, well, the thing is, it's not like we want this to be unique, right? It's simply because your position is unique. So let's say you bought some everlasting options at some price with some margin. And I had my position, your position at my position would not be found. They are unique just as they are. So they have to be NFT. Yeah, right. It makes sense. It makes sense. So moving forward, I want to make sure that the audience understands the function of your native token, dairy token. So what kind of role does it play within your ecosystem and within this system of derivative trading? What kind of role does this dairy token play? Right. It serves several roles. First of all, it's a governance token as most of the DeFi protocol tokens does. And also, it plays some of the roles that what we call it as a privileged token. So this is not fully implemented yet, but going forward, there are in some circumstances, there are some things that you do within the DeFi protocol system. The thing you can do is actually a privilege. And whenever there is a privilege, we are to ground that privilege by your holding of dairy token. So let's say this is something that we are to implement in the future. Let's say liquidating a position. Right now, this is just completely open. Anybody can do it, but it actually comes with a benefit because you can make money from that. Then we can make it as a privilege. Then you have to hold dairy to do that. So that's also part of the roles that dairy tokens play in the dairy ecosystem. And also, actually, 20% of the transaction fee would be used to buy dairy and a bird. That's also some of the value base of the token. Okay. So if I will understand, it's mainly a system for incentives to give incentives to... For example, I heard that there are other roles played in your ecosystem, which is the role of the liquidators and the role of the arbitrageers. So can you maybe go through these two different roles and explain how they work? Okay, yeah. Arbitrageers are just some special kinds of traders in the ecosystem. There are arbitrageers, both for the perpetual futures and for everlasting options, but it's probably easier to explain because everlasting options is a little bit more complicated. Then it's probably easier to explain the arbitrageers for the case of perpetual futures. So the perpetual futures, the funding fee is simpler than everlasting options is associated to the net positions. Meaning it's defined in a way that the majority side needs to pay the minority side funding fee. For example, if there are just too many people that go along the perpetual futures of Bitcoin and there are a few people shorted and then the long positions will need to pay a funding fee to the short positions. Then that creates a very straightforward and natural arbitrage opportunity. You can just go to take the short side. You go short the Bitcoin here to collect the funding fee, but because you are short Bitcoin here, so you might want to hedge your short position somewhere else, let's say in a centralized exchange or other exchanges. Then as long as your short position is hedged, then you are neutral to the market risk.  So that's how you do arbitrage with Darryl protocol. What about the liquidators? Liquidators, because as you know Bitcoin is a passive state machine. It just cannot do anything from its own initiative. The blockchain itself cannot take initiative to do anything actively. So anything has to be initialized from outside. Then this creates a problem is when let's say my position is underwater, meaning it's on the margins. What it means is my balance in the margin account is below the maintenance margin requirement. Then my position needs to be liquidated, right? But the blockchain cannot do this. So somebody has to pay the gas to do this. Then that's where the liquidators come in. So the liquidator would pay the gas, take the initiative to liquidate such positions. But why the liquidator would do this is because when the position is liquidated, it still has some left over there. The remaining value of the position, some left over, it's not zero. It's close to zero, but it's not zero. So when you liquidate the position, you share part of that remaining value. Well, I guess that for a centralized exchange, that money that is lost by the person that gets liquidated goes entirely to the exchange in this system. Not really. I think the common practice for centralized exchanges, they have the so-called interest fund. For example, Bitmax has this interest fund. The remaining value of the liquidated position goes to that interest fund, which keeps growing up. Right. Okay, so now I would like just to give you the opportunity to explain at what point of the roadmap your project is because we know that today you launched the first example of everlasting options. But I guess that your project has other milestones to achieve in the following months. So why don't you tell us a bit like, at what point is the dairy platform right now and where you aim it to be in six months, one year time? Six months and one year time. That's sort of a long in the DeFi world, right? Because we change so, the DeFi world is so exciting, change so fast. I think in six months, our goal is to make the dairy directives, which currently means the perpetual futures and everlasting options as an important part of the DeFi infrastructure. Any advanced or a mature financial system would have derivatives as a core part of the infrastructure, right? And futures and options are the two most important derivatives. So right now, the DeFi, the whole DeFi thing is, I think it's still in its early stage because the relatively mature sector are only either lending the borrow projects like CompoundRB or it's DEX, like Uniswap, Suchaswap, those kind of things. And so that's of course very important but very basic and for an advanced or complete financial system, I think derivative is one of the core parts because finance is to deal with risk. And derivative is the most important tool to deal with the risk that the human being have ever invented. And that's what we're doing here. So our mission is to facilitate people to trade risky speculations on chain precisely and capital efficiently. I hope in six miles people can do that very easily within the DeFi world using their protocol. Yeah, I think that we're gonna look forward to it and we're gonna follow your project very closely. And yeah, I think that it's a very astute idea. So the concept of everlasting options is definitely something that I never heard before. So a lot of our audience would probably be interested in checking out your website to know more about it, which is Dairy.finance if I'm not mistaken. Yes, that's correct. Dairy.finance. Dairy is just short for derivative. I think it's very easy to remember. Awesome. Okay, so I think that this is a good note on which to wrap up things. Thanks a lot, Alpha, for being with us today. Thank you, Giovanni, and thank everybody. And yeah, so thanks a lot for everyone watching. It was great to receive your questions. So this was the Dairy platform, a new project that helps people to do derivative trading on DeFi. I'm Giovanni, your host, and see you next time. See you.


Francis Tiyafo vs Kam Nori is the second quarter final for the men's event in Indian Wells for 2023. And both guys have been very impressive to get to this stage. Tiyafo into the tournament as the number 14 seed, we're going to buy in the first round. The second round he take on countryman Giron with his pose no problems as he got through in straight sets 6-2-6-2. And the third round he take on Kubla who had just beaten Dimitrov the 21st seed in the previous round. But again Tiyafo was super impressive getting through in straight sets 6-3-6-2. In the fourth round he take on the qualifier Tobilo who had a very impressive week to make the fourth round. But this was easy for Tiyafo again winning 6-4-6-4 and getting to the quarter finals. Nori entered the tournament off as the number 10 seed and we're going to buy in the first round. In the second round he take on the qualifier Wu with his pose no problem as Nori won in straight sets 6-2-6-4. In the third round he take on the qualifier Daniel who had a very impressive couple of months. And Nori would have to fight to get through in 3-6-7-7-5-6-2. In the fourth round he take on the number 6 seed Rublev who had been very impressive to get to this stage. And very impressive over the last couple of weeks. But Nori made it super easy dismissing Rublev 6-2-6-4 to get to the quarter finals. These guys have only played the one time before at Delray Beach back in 2021 with Nori winning in a 3 set match. So expecting this one to be close. If Tiyafo is going to win this one he needs to use the crowd to his advantage. He is the home down hero and of course he is an entertainer as well. So he needs to use that to his advantage. Hopefully push Nori off his game a little bit maybe psychologically using that crowd. Also be aggressive as well push Nori around. If Nori is going to win this one he just needs to get everything back. And basically play like he did back in 2021 when he won this event. Because Tiyafo is going to be a little bit up and down. I think he is going to be a little erratic. Maybe a little emotional. Nori needs to stay calm and just play his game. This is a very interesting match because I don't think many people thought we were going to get this match up with City Pass and Rublev in this section of the draw. But I'm going to go with Nori to win this one. I feel like he is having such a good week and he is taking it back to 2021 when he won the whole thing. So I'm going to take him in three sets but let me know in the comments below who you think is going to win this one.


Item number SCP-479 Object Class Euclid Special Containment Procedures A Site-14 standard 2mm CR-4 double skin steel plate security door UNI-9569 Class 3 with full gasket seal is installed on either end of hallway 4 Both doors are to be kept locked and keys retained by the ETHB on duty. D-Class personnel authorized to enter for the purposes of surveying and research. Hallway 4 is no longer authorized as a thoroughfare between the D-Class laundry and plant room. Sweeps of Site-14 looking for similar phenomena will continue to supplement regular security sweeps until further notice. Description Hallway 4 is a 25-meter long hallway connecting the plant room in the Site-14 D-Class dormitories to the laundry room. As of 2020, persons entering hallway 4 have mentioned powerful visual, auditory, and olfactory hallucinations of blood, ranging from isolated blood spots on the floor to, quote, blood raining upwards, hitting the floor from the other side like it's the pain of a window, end quote. These visions of blood have been proven to be hallucinations. The floor at the time of the first report was plain bare concrete, and no evidence of blood can be found by chemical or photographic means. Some ordinary rust was found, but not in the quantities or locations reported in the hallucinations. The ground under hallway 4 is the same volcanic bedrock that the rest of Site-14 rests on. Proven so after a D-Class team excavated it with hand tools and a new reinforced concrete floor was poured. A thorough investigation of the walls and ceiling also turned up negative results. No abnormal chemicals are present. Neurological analysis of D-Class subjects with no prior history is pending, but so far looks inconclusive. Anti-psychotic medication is ineffective. The existence of this phenomenon in a secure facility may constitute a security breach, and the report to O5 level is in preparation. A request is pending to authorize the funding to declare hallway 4 a containment site. Although at present, there is no plan in place to deal with the effect. Should it spread? Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-478, Tooth Faries, right now. Or for the complete course, watch this playlist.


Oh, so good morning everyone and my name is Suho and I'm a master's student at Dong University, South Korea and I am a little bit nervous about like I'm the only student here, I guess, and everyone's like from Google, Intel, IBM, Red Hat and I was expecting like half of these people were going to be here and a bit nervous a lot. So anyway, so I'm today I'm going to talk about talks or trust update on Linux kernel which is a research about maintaining integrity of a system along with the frequent kernel updates. So I'm going to talk about a little bit of related works and attack models and then I'll explain talks and show some prototype experiments and finally and I'll conclude my talk and I'll take questions at the end. To begin with, security vulnerabilities are prevalent and we see thousands of new CVEs every day and for example, recent announcement of the meltdown inspector has been causing a lot of troubles in the Linux society as well and I saw Linux distros have been deploying a lot of security updates to countermeasure or at least mitigate such vulnerabilities. However, in my opinion, there was not much attention given to the changing integrity after those updates and ways to manage the updated integrity information. So there are two concepts. First of all, the maintaining integrity and the other side, the security updates and in my point of view, the maintaining integrity is trying to keep the system as it is and run the system as it is and on the other side, the security updates tries to secure the system by modifying the system and therefore, I guess the after the updates, the integrity information is inevitably changed and there's a need for managing them. And we came up with these two questions. First of all, the can model integrity management solutions distinguish between managed modifications and intended updates and if it does, it's the modified integrity being properly managed. To answer these questions, we have investigated some of the model integrity management technologies. First of all, the Intel TXT which employs grub module, T-boot and the launch control policy aka LCP to measure slash verify boot the latest environment. However, when it comes to the update, the LCP can be a little bit of drag. This is because the LCP can only represent only one state of a specific state of a machine. So therefore, the LCP must be also updated according to the updates. And also TXT does not measure or verify grub commands which can allow an attacker to modify the grub commands to boot into a managed kernel or load a managed grub module. Next of all, the OpenCIT is a remote attestation solution created by Intel also to validate the TPM measurement from the remote server. The OpenCIT server establishes the known values by importing the TPM measurements from the local systems and perform the remote attestation using those values as a root of trust, I guess. However, the problem with OpenCIT is that the local updates are not transparent to the OpenCIT server which means that when the local system is updated, the remote attestation fails until it reestablishes the wireless by importing, re-importing the updated measurements. Finally, the UFI secure boot is an interactive verification function defined the UFI BIOS. It verifies the signature of an executed binary using the public keys stored in the firmware database. We found that the good thing about the UFI secure boot is that it enables simple updates since it only needs to sign the updated binaries and deploy the binaries. And the receivers only need to receive the binaries and install them. Unfortunately, we found it difficult to say that UFI secure boot is suitable for Linux environment since it does not support grub boot loader unless they install a public key of the installer. And on the other side, the UFI secure boot provides a public key stored in the firmwares of the mainboards. Anyways, the other problem of the UFI secure boot was that it does not support grub, so consequently it does not support verifying grub commands which list the same problem of the Intel TXT. Additionally, it does not support TPM measurements. So let's now take a look at how these problems can be troublesome. So first of all, we can subvert the open CIT scam scheme all the way through. This occurs because the local updates are not transparent to the open CIT, so let's assume that the attacker can update the local machine and perform measure boot. So as a first step, the attacker tries to succeed to update the local machine with the measures kernel and boot up the measures measurements. And TPM will measure the measures kernel, creating the measures measurement, and then the open CIT who has no idea about the local updates, it will try to perform the remote attestation and eventually fails. And then as the local system has been updated, it tries to reimport the measurements which is now gone measures and try to create the new wireless. And now the wireless becomes compromised. And after this point, the attacker may run the measures kernel, even though the open CIT confirms that the local system is trusted. Next, we can circumvent verify first scams. First of all, the TXT can be filled with a TXT scan. The TXT scan was introduced in 2016, and I don't know if you guys have fixed it or not, but it can be an example. And also, earlier this year, also at the Black Cat Asia 2018, one of the teams demonstrated how to subvert the TXT scan. And I think it was called I don't want to sleep tonight, I guess. And anyways, with the Black Cat USA 2016, the hypervisor root kit, they executed the root kit, hypervisor root kit that mimics TPM through the growth commands and before they load the T-boot module. And they tried to circumvent TXT and they succeeded by running the measures kernel even though the T-boot verifies that the local machine is trusted. Also, the secure boot does not verify integrity. After the growth boot loader is executed, therefore the attacker can modify growth commands to launch measures kernel or load other growth modules. And we believe that these two attacks are caused because the TXT and secure boot does not verify executed growth commands during the booting. So to provide proper integrity management, along with updates, we stated some goals. First, the remote attestation must transparently manage local updates to distinguish updates, intended updates from the measures modification. Second, the remote attestation must maintain whitelist according to the conducted updates and perform remote attestation using up-to-date whitelist values. And finally, the local machines should perform thorough measures slash verified booting, including the growth. And so we proposed TOX, a trust update on Linux kernel. TOX code is uploaded to my GitHub. There's a link below. And TOX paper will be presented at STM 2018, which will be held next week at Barcelona. And if you guys want to check more information, just check the paper, I guess. And before I explain TOX, I'm going to explain some of the key technologies I used in TOX. First of all, we use the famous TPM 2.0 to measure integrity. It is a tamper-proof device to measure integrity and store the integrity measurements. Now, one thing about the TPM is stores the integrity measurements to the special registers called the PCRs. And some of you might know the PCR values are not just created, the calculated values are stored into the PCRs. It uses a special operation called extend. The extended operation generates new PCR value by first concatenating the hash of the data and old PCR value. And TPM hashes the whole concatenated value again to create the new PCR value, which will eventually create a trust chain for the values measured in that specific PCR number. And next, we use shim and grub boot loader to maximize Linux compatibility with the UFI secure boot. Shim is a first stage boot loader for Linux to support UFI secure boot. And good thing about the shim is that it can be used to verify executed binaries from the grub by using the shimlock verification function. Shimlock protocols are basically a protocol that allows a grub boot loader to communicate with the shim boot loader. And the fun thing about the shimlock verification is that it uses also the firmware database keys stored in the, public keys stored in the firmware database, just like the UFI secure boot. And we use them to verify signatures of our executed binaries. And also we use a modified grub from CoreOS branch since it will support a TPM2 and TPM2 integrity measurements. As a research, there are a few assumptions that we made. And first of all, we assume that the TUC server is the OpenCity server and the maintainer slash administrator of the updates. This makes TUCs transparently manage the local updates. And second of all, we assume that the TUCs only verify the interior to Linux booting process. This is because that we think that the CoreOS should be verified during the booting process, and after the boot, there are plenty of powerful solutions to secure the system. And thirdly, we assume that the TUC server is trusted and safe, so we believe that it is not compromised. And fourthly, we assume that the TUCs owner holds the manifest of a specific booting process of each managed machines. And finally, we assume that all managed machines should hold TUCs owners public key in the firmware database. So, this is the full architecture of TUCs, which consists of three main components. First of all, the integrity manager, which manages the integrity according to the updates, as well as it is in charge of deploying the updated kernels to the local systems. And PCL sign kernel, it is a special kernel for integrity verification. And finally, the TS boot, which provides a robust measure slash verify booting at the local machine. So, first of all, the integrity manager is a component that resides in the OpenCity server. It is in charge of the integrity management and also the kernel updates. And it has three little modules. First, the module is trusted repository, which holds the valid binaries for the updates, which is just a eventually ad get repository for the trusted kernels. And the wireless updater, which generates and updates the known goal values according to the updates. And lastly, the PCL sign kernel generator to generate PCRs and deploy the kernels to the local servers systems. I'll explain more about the PCL sign kernel on the later slides. So, with the integrity manager, the TUC's kernel update and remote attestation procedure will be looking like this. First of all, the local machine's kernel update repository is set to the TUC server, and it will allow TUC server to notify updates to the local machines. And when we get the notified, it will request the update to the TUC server. And if the TUC server gets the update request, it will calculate and update the new wireless values according to the requested updates. And it will also generate PCL sign kernel and deploy the kernel, trusted kernel to the local machines. It will install them and finally the open CIT server will perform remote attestation to check if the update has been properly installed. With the integrity manager, TUC achieved the first two goals, managing local updates transparently since the update administrator is the TUC's itself. And the second goal, the successful remote attestation with the up-to-date wireless value. And on the side, I don't know if you can see properly, there's a comparison between the open CIT and TUC's when there is a kernel update and it tries to perform the remote attestation. The second component of the TUC's is PCL sign kernel. It is basically a trusted kernel with which is used during the TSPOOS interactive verification. And PCL sign kernel is a kernel that is signed with the TPCR value instead of the digest hash. So the idea of the initial idea of the PCL sign kernel was that if the TPM generates hash and most of the digital signatures keep the hash data digest hash inside the kernel, why don't we switch them, use the PCL values as the hash of the binaries that we use. So the TPCR is a calculated known value which is created by the integrity manager inside the open CIT. And by extending the, it is a value that represents the booting process without any broken integrity. This is possible because we assume that the TUC server knows the whole entire booting process of the local machines and they can generate PCL values, the expected PCL values according to those information. And I will explain how the PCL sign kernel is used for the interactive verification in the next section. The last component of TUC is TSBoot, a trusted secure boot. It is a combination of UFI secure boot, modified shim, and modified grub. It is Linux friendly by using the existing Linux boot loaders and it measures every binaries and commands executed during the booting process including the grub commands and the grub modules. And with TSBoot we propose a robust interactive verification scheme called PCI verification. So the PCI verification verifies the entire booting process during the booting. It tries to measure the entire booting process to PCI number 12 and to create a measurement that represents the entire booting process and since we measure everything to the PCI 12 from basically hardware measurements to the kernel booting processor commands, if anything changes regarding the booting it will reflect to the PCI 12 and when the kernel is executed using the Linux EFI function defined in the grub boot loader, it will pass the kernel to the shim and using the shim lock verification function for the verification and shim decrypts the TPCR value inside the kernel signature and compares it with the PCI 12 which must have the same value as the TPCR if it has booted successfully without broken integrity. With PCI verification this gives full control of booting to the tox owner and the local machines must boot in the same order that tox owner defined previously and if anything changes during the booting for the booting it will halt the booting and since the PCI 12 measurement will be changed and this will provide a robust integrity. With the TS boot we achieve the third goal, the first goal was measure slash verified booting including the grub commands. I have shown the comparison between the Intel TXT and tox over there. Intel TXT basically tries to measure each steps of the booting process and go through all those steps to verify the booting and tox tries to verify the system only by comparing the PCI 12 before the execution of tox, the kernel itself. So that's kind of a difference. And as a proof of concept we have performed few experiments. First we experimented if the tox can detect any modification during the booting using the PCI 12. Any modifications I mean hardware modifications, firmware option modifications and software modification used during the booting process. We have four cases to prove them. First the case A with PCI with kernel version 1 and secure boot on, case B PCI with kernel version 2 and secure boot 1 which represents a software change and case C PCI with kernel version 2 and secure boot off which will represent a firmware option change and finally the case D PCI with kernel version 2 secure boot on which will represent the hardware change. And we have confirmed that the PCI 12 on the last line has changed under all circumstances and it shows all that if anything changes it will reflect it to the PCI 12. The other PCI values also have other meanings that the PCI, according to the PCI numbers, PCI 0 to 7 are measured throughout the secure boot process and PCI 8 and 9 will be measured by the trusted grub and PCI 10 and 11 will be measured by shim boot loader for the grub and kernel entirety and of course the PCI 12 will be extended throughout all the process of booting to represent the entire booting process. Second experiment was to check the PCI verification if the chip PCI verification can detect grub commands modification. I have added an extra command that echoes this is to fail PCI verification and eventually when booting the PCI 12 changed and we can successfully detect and halt the booting itself. Finally we have experimented if the OpenCIT can perform thorough remote attestation using the new wireless values when we update them. And here we have only used the PCI 12 value as a white list for simplicity and we saw talk successfully performs thorough remote attestation with upstate wireless value. Here we can see the green check sign on the last picture. And I will show a short demo of talks for the system. Sorry. So initially we initialized counter version 62 and registered to the OpenCIT server so we performed when we performed the remote attestation it will state the machine as trusted showing the grub green check sign. And after that we performed a normal local update without notifying the OpenCIT server. This will cause remote attestation failure because the OpenCIT server has outdated wireless values. And then we restored the machine to counter version 62. After that we tried to update with talks and it will also update the wireless values inside the OpenCIT and the local system will request the updates to the OpenCIT server. And when the update is complete when we perform the remote attestation it will show the green check sign again. And when we check the wireless values inside the OpenCIT database we can see that it is successfully updated and it matches with new measurements from the booting itself. And we also support rollback if the counter version we request is inside a trusted repository we can request. Here I requested counter version 62 again to notify the OpenCIT server. I want to change my counter version to the previous one and now the counter version is updated and the local OpenCIT server is notified with the updated wireless values and it can support proper remote attestation. After this there is a short demo of PCI verification holding the booting when GRUG command is changed during the booting process itself. So when we boot I visit the GRUG commands and I entered fault echo changing the GRUG command, executing GRUG commands and it successfully holds the booting and stops booting itself. In this demo counter rollback is supported if requested counter version still exists in the trusted repository and also TOS can detect rollback attacks since TOS cannot perform wireless updates with the counter that doesn't exist in the trusted repository. So if it is updated counter version the wireless values cannot be updated according to the user. So if it checks the counter version the measurement doesn't match it will state the machine is untrusted and it is somehow modified or compromised. And we believe that both public key and the private key of TOS owners key is safe since we assume that the OpenCIT server which stores the private key is safe. And we believe that TOS may be applicable to other environments who uses UFI secure boot, TPM and shim and grew up boot loader which I believe that it is mostly applicable to other Linux systems including rad ads, Ubuntu and other stuff. And it can be also applicable to small systems other than the IoT devices. And finally after the TXT most people tend to use more DRTM but talk seems like a SRTM however I think that talks dynamically generates the whitelist and PCRSankono according to the growth command so I think talks is in between the SRTM and the DRTM. So to conclude the interactive changes when the DRTM is conducted and TOS it should be properly managed and talks successfully supports interactive management along with the frequent updates by extending the OpenCIT server to transparently manage the local updates and remote attestation with up-to-date whitelist value thirdly the thorough interactive measurement using the TSPOOT and finally it provides robust interactive verification with PCR verification. So that's it and I'll gladly take some questions and feedbacks. I really enjoyed that it's really interesting integrating that with OpenCIT. Two comments first thing is we ended up writing our own secure bootloader because we wanted both SRTM and DRTM and GRUB doesn't support both at the same time because you can either have multi-boot or secure boot through the UAFI. The other thing is you're overwriting PCR10 and by default a lot of distribution kernels already have IMA configured on PCR10 so it would be good if you didn't clobber that by default. Thank you for the comment. Taking the assumption that on OpenCIT there's no authorization required to update the new server for example is that it doesn't automatically update as you're claiming someone's got to be on the back end authorizing the new set of PCR values that are now valid or don't update the PCR values because I don't trust this new one. So basically when we try to use the OpenCIT to verify the TPM measurements from the locals we saw that when the local system is updated the local user must re-import the TPM measurement as a wild list by himself by going to the web and importing the new values to the OpenCIT database. Okay which requires authorization? Which requires authorization from the administrator? Yes, you need to type in ID and password to get into the screen, the website which is provided by the OpenCIT but we're assuming that the attacker may have those passwords and IDs so it can update the wild list itself. Yeah, if the attacker owns the back end if that happens use it in password to all the firewalls all the servers right, I'm not sure I don't think that's a valid assumption based on I think there's a lot of things so I can't speak for Intel anymore but there's a lot of things, I agree there's a lot of things wrong my opinion is go fix the stuff that's there don't create a whole new entirely new framework I see the comments are too long for the time we have Any more questions? I think that's it right


Hold up, hold up!  Cause if you do, I'm coming them to replace you. All they gotta do is give me a call. We ain't even gotta change the name on the back of the jersey. I'm gonna still shine in your honor, but don't mess around cause they gonna have me at receiver. Anyway, you too! Team keeping clean. Duh, we got so much to talk about. We got a lot to talk about in this short little segment. First off, stay ready so you ain't gotta get ready. Raven's theme of the off season. David Sharp, who the Raven signed yesterday. Offensive linemen, offensive tackle. It's crazy because I remember, well, we remember, everybody remembers, the fact that so many people went down last year due to injury. So many people got hurt last year due to injury. It was kinda sad because with David Sharp, you saw this glimmer of hope. And it was like, hold up! Where this guy come from? Who is he? Cause he look good! He look good at tackle. But then, I think he ended up getting hurt too. And it was like, man, why can't we have nothing nice in 2021? That was Raven's, like, again, all year. Why can't we have nothing nice in 2021? It was literally the best roster that Mr. Eric DeCosta had put together in his tenor as GM. And it was, a lot of us was thinking, hold up, man! We, the Ravens might be something this year. They're like, really, really be something this year. And he had a lot of depth in a lot of places, but even he wasn't ready for what happened. Nobody was, and nobody could have prepared for that. But going into 2022, the Ravens, they know. They know, they know, they know. Offensive Lion is one of the biggest things that they needed to fix going into this upcoming season. They still got some other things to fix too, but Offensive Lion is very, very high on that priority list. So them signing Davis Sharp, who in a limited amount of time last year did look good. No problem with it from me. I actually thought that he was gonna be somebody that they brought into training. Like, they would have, not, not, cause they're bringing him into training camp now, obviously, but I thought he was somebody that they would have been head on a roster. Like, it wouldn't have took this long for them to bring back Davis Sharp, but better late than never. Jameson Hensley, he listed all the Ravens offensive linemen, offensive tackles, Ronnie Stanley, and of course, hey, you gotta hope that he's healthy. That's, that's so much rise on that this year. Morgan Moses. Now with him, older veteran, so he's been pretty healthy. So that's expected to be the right tackle. Jawan James, he's coming back from being healthy. I mean, from not being healthy, excuse me. So you hope that if the Ravens do keep him, that he's available. Daniel Phylele, project offensive linemen. But once they get it down, like this could be like in Orlando Brown, Jr. situation all over again. And we gonna talk about that in a little bit. And you know what? As a matter of fact, in the other offensive tackles, Jared Jones Smith and Davis Sharp, and then he mentioned how Patrick McCary and Tyree Phillips, they can also play tackle, even though I know nobody wants, especially Tyree Phillips playing tackle. They wanna make God, cause that's where he really just thrived at. But speaking of Daniel Phylele, and somebody who he's comparable to, hopefully the situation is comparable. And he's actually bigger than, which is crazy because Orlando Brown, Jr. is a giant. Orlando Brown, Jr. There been a lot of talk about Orlando Brown, Jr. Especially once the franchise tag deadline passed. And I've been seeing a lot of Ravens fans get back to it.  Like with a lot of Ravens fans, there'll be a player on the team and they'll give the player all this praise. And hey man, he's great. He was a steal. What a great player. Phenomenal guy. Oh man, I love him. He's great. Player goes to a different team. Oh, I hate this guy.  He's not even all that. He was never even that good. He's trash. He's terrible. He's this. He's that. That's what happened with Orlando Brown, Jr. Orlando Brown, Jr. And he knew, like, I don't know why so many people, especially a lot of Ravens fans, I don't know why so many people act surprised. What do they act surprised? We knew from the moment they paid Ronnie Stanley, everybody, well, everybody should have known that they were not going to pay Orlando Brown, Jr. as well. Everybody knew that. I thought that that was a given. I thought it was a given. And he set himself up nice because he played right tackle for a while. Then Ronnie Stanley got hurt. Then he moved over to left tackle. He kept making all these probos and stuff. And he said, I'm a left tackle. And I know he did say that it was in dedication to his father and it wasn't about the money. I mean, I felt like it was about the money, but I felt like from the jump, like there was nothing wrong with it being about the money. If it's about the money, okay, who cares? Look at the man trying to get paid. He should want to get paid. He's in the NFL, right? Like, there ain't nothing wrong with that at all. So then what I was hoping that they were going to do, they didn't do it and it worked out. They did get some nice players from it like a dive fair away and some others. But what I was hoping they were going to do was just keep him. Keep him, let him ride his rookie deal out. And especially just in case anything happened to Ronnie Stanley, which you did again, but keep him and have him at right tackle and have him ready just to replace Ronnie Stanley just in case. And then after that franchise tag, I'm in trade them. That's what I was hoping will happen, but it didn't happen. They ended up trading him and they technically got a first round pick back for him, but they gave up a second. So, I mean, again, technically you got a first round pick, but you gave up a second and I forgot whatever, what the other parts of the trade were. I know some little details in there and whatnot, some other draft picks and whatnot. But both teams came away from the trade nice. Both teams knew what they were getting into. Both teams knew, he wasn't, nah, he wasn't the pick for JK Domins, I don't think. What was the, what they used to pick that they, no, they gave up a second round pick. Yeah, they gave it up. And I think that ended up being like Creed Humphrey or something like that. Something like that. I don't know. But with Atlanta Brown Jr., there had been a lot of talk about him because the chiefs apparently offered him a deal and a lot of people were like, oh man, he would have got such and such average per year, even though there was a big dummy year on the back end of the deal that the chiefs weren't gonna pay him. So the realistic average per year was a lot lower than what was originally presented to the public. So the deal wasn't all that it was cracked up to be. And there were reports coming out saying that the chiefs might've been unhappy with Atlanta Brown Jr. that, oh, this wasn't the guy that they thought that they were getting. They thought that they were getting a team player, blah, blah, blah. And it just seemed to me as if the chiefs media were trying to paint a bad picture on Atlanta Brown Jr. And trying to sort of back him into a corner so he would accept less. And it makes them look good as an organization. Hey, look, this is the deal that we offered Orlando Brown Jr. Hey, look, public, it looks great. It looks wonderful. When in reality, it is not top of the market money. And he will obviously want top of the market money, especially the timing of his, well, not pending deal, but what could've been a deal. But now he'll have to wait until next year and play on the franchise tag. I don't think, he may do a little temporary holdout or whatever, but he'll end up playing, collecting this year's bread, accruing another season. And then next year, we'll see what happens if they franchise tag him again, if they come to an agreement, we'll see. But I ain't got no problem with Orlando Brown Jr. trying to get his money and trying to get top dollar money. So I just didn't understand why a lot of people did. Speaking of top dollar money, somebody who showed up to Raven's facility yesterday, who there was a lot, a lot of hype, which I can completely understand because it is Lamar Jackson. Anything Lamar Jackson does, it is going to get a whole lot of hype. A lot of people were like, oh man, Lamar Jackson, he's showing up early. He ain't even got to be here right now. The players that were coming back from injury, they had to be there on Thursday. So he was not early. Adafi Awey was there too. So yesterday was the day for all the players to come back from injury to show up. And Vets like rookies showed up on Tuesday. I think injured guys showed up. Is it injured guys and Vets? Or is it just injured? I think it's just injured guys. But Vets got to show up over the next couple of days and they all start practicing next week. You know how it goes. But Lamar Jackson, there has also been a lot of conversation, especially since Kyla Murray, he just got his deal, which is awesome, go Kyla Murray happy for him. Love it. But there's been a lot of conversation amongst people, especially a lot of Ravens fans, on if, not only if Lamar Jackson should get paid, because that's been one conversation. We got a question from subscriber coming up over the next couple of days, where there was a Ravens fan that actually agreed with something that Emmanuel Acho said about maybe the Ravens holding off on paying Lamar Jackson. But we'll talk about that in that video. Well, we talked about it in the video, the video's already done, but y'all see it over the next couple of days. But anyway, there has been a lot of discussion on if and when, because it's both right now, because it's not necessarily just when, it's if and when the Ravens paid Lamar Jackson if he should get top. And with that, y'all know my answer. Yes, yes he should. But there have been a lot of Ravens fans that feel like Lamar Jackson should take less. Every time I see that, I do throw up just a little bit that my stomach starts bubbling because it makes me really sick. It does. And the reason I say that, because why should he take less? What incentive does he have in taking less money from the Baltimore Ravens on his second contract? And in his first second contract, I mean, there can only be one second contract, but this will be right now, and hopefully this won't be the highest contract of his career. Because if he continues to do his thing, then he can top this contract in three, four, five years, whatever. But right now, this will be the most money that he is going to get paid. He's had sponsorship deals. He had these, this and that. And he's obviously got his rookie contract, but this is going to blow all of that out the water. Why would he take less money? For what? If he takes less money now, then he sets himself up to always take, not only take less money, but be offered less money in the future. I feel like people think NFL is just like this nice friendly business.  No, these teams, organizations, agents, GMs, they are trying to take advantage of each and every player. They may love the players and whatnot. They may respect the players, but in this business, they are trying to save as much money as they possibly can. They trying to cut as many corners as they possibly can. So why should he take less money? That would be setting himself up for not even necessarily failure because he would still get paid a significant amount of money even if he took less. But that wouldn't put him in the best position possible when it came to his brand. It really wouldn't. And why should he take less money? Because I know some people have presented it like, hey, if he takes less money, then the Ravens can do a better job of building around him. When he was making way less money, how did the Ravens really build around him then? Tell me, how did the Ravens really build around him then? No, he should not take less money. No, Flemaw gets paid and he gets paid top dollar. The Ravens can still find ways to build around him. They can still find ways to build this roster. He is not the GM. He is a player that's in business. While he is a team player, he's also in business for himself. When he gets his checks every week, they do not say Lamar Jackson and the entire Ravens team. They do not say Lamar Jackson and every other quarterback on the roster. Lamar Jackson and all the running backs, the wide receivers, the tight ends, the offensive line, defensive line, cornerbacks, linebackers, safety, they don't say that. They say Lamar Jackson. That's it. So he should not take less money just because fans are thinking as fans and not in a business mindset. Hey, ain't nothing wrong with thinking that way because we all fans. But we got to understand the other side of this thing. You got to. Should you take less money at your job? Huh? Like put yourself in his shoes. Would you take less money at your job? No, you wouldn't.  No, no, no. And I know I love them people. They hear me ask that question. They want to get all technical. Well, it depends on it. It depends on it. It depends on it. Well, if you think about that. Oh, no, you wouldn't. You wouldn't. So why should he?


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casewrakes.com, coming at you with a multi-team random number block randomizer that'll unlock Picker Team 3. That's coming up in the next video. Also this was a tonight only special, so I'm glad we sold this out. There's the full list of teams right there. So if you bought a spot, actually where are the names here? So we only sold eight spots outright. So if you bought a spot, you got a chance to win two spots. So the first dice roll will be for this. Let's roll it, randomize it, four and a four, eight the hard way. Top two after eight, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eight. Chad and Brandon, congrats to you. Sorry Brian and Johan, we'll get them next time but you're still involved in the number block so you can still get yourself a nice little number here but Chad and Brandon with little buy one, get one scenario. Now let's copy that, paste the names here, we'll randomize you a number, let's roll it and randomize it, three and a three, six the hard way. Names first, one, two, three, four, five, six. Got a bunch of chads down to Johan, three and a three, six the hard way for the numbers, one, two, three, four, five and six, got nine down to four. All right Chad with a bunch of numbers, nine, two, five and zero. So zero gets you any and all redemptions, well you still, you got one, I was gonna say any and all redemptions for these teams right here including one of one redemptions but you've got one as well, you'll still get live one of ones, you got your bases covered. Brandon with seven, Brian with eight and six, Brandon with three, Johan with four, let's order these numerically and coming up in the next video will be the break itself, jaspy's casebreaks.com. Bye bye.


Players know their stats, yes, but there are milestones that only players would understand in terms of things that they get done. In this week's Genuine Titan presented by Epic Western, Amy Wells introduces us to a Titan who accomplished something on Sunday that every NFL player would admire. Morgan Cox is number 46 for the Tennessee Titans. He is 36 years old, making him the oldest player on the team. This past Sunday in Houston, Morgan Cox played his 200th NFL game, 189 in the regular season, 11 in the postseason, 200 games total. Well it means a lot to him, obviously he's done it at a consistent basis and he's been there and you know from a rookie when he went to Baltimore and played his first game until now playing his 200 game with Tennessee. It means a lot to those guys because he's done it at a consistent level and a high level too that he can be able to play 200 games. Morgan Cox is not the first guy to play in 200 games and he won't be the last, but his commitment and work ethic are what make him stand out. He starred at Memphis's Evangelical Christian School before walking on at the University of Tennessee. Then he walked on in the NFL making the Ravens roster as their long snapper and now he's the Titans long snapper. He's been named to four Pro Bowls and has also once been named all-pro. Morgan Cox has everyone's total respect. As a matter of fact, he is regarded by many as the best long snapper in the NFL. He's got a great work ethic that kind of you know gets pushed on to me and just kind of watching how he handles himself, just how detailed, orientated he is you know when he came from the Ravens with Sam Cook and Justin Tucker like they formed a special connection and I think he's passing that down and it translates on the field. Morgan Cox is more than just good at his job. He's a great teammate, a great husband and a great dad. He's appreciative of where he is so much so that he takes nothing for granted. Morgan Cox's consistent work on not just his snapping but special teams overall makes him very different. In the NFL everyone has talent. There are a lot of good guys. There are a lot of guys who work hard. To stick around for more than 200 games you need to be all of the above and Morgan Cox is that all of the above a genuine type. Amy Wells great job. I sit next to a man who played in 226 NFL games, 206 in the regular season, 20 in the postseason. You know what that means. Yeah and I'm proud of Morgan. I enjoy coaching him. The biggest thing I can tell you is as I should have done this earlier I went back and named him our special teams captain and that's how much he means to this football team. It's how much he means the special teams. He's in every meeting not just when he's needed on the punt team or the field goal team. He's into it. He can coach young guys every single position. Good guy. Great guy.