Hey everybody, this is Brian and welcome to the 86th Qt tutorial with C++ that could be programming I'm going to choose console application and today we're going to be doing more advanced binary output input output.  I think the cat's been playing with it Anyway, sorry to get sidetracked okay, so The basic premise of what we learned in the last tutorial was that you could take objects and output them to a file stream Well, this time we're going to do relatively the same thing But we're going to output a class to the file stream. So let's just Add new and we're going to make a C++ class Let's just call this person Notice how it makes person age and person.cpp and just next next and We have our basic person class here And you notice how there's really not much to the person class at all So we're just going to add a few things here and we're just going to say include Cucor, I know people hate it when I do this but it saves time Now we've got our constructor and we're just going to say int age and Normally you would use a getter and a setter This is actually very bad form to do it this way where you have your variables public publicly accessible But like I said, we're trying to save time and you already know how to do all this stuff So we're just making a very simple class. All this class does is hold the age and the name now What we need to do is in our main actually add a few includes so we'll say include the class we just made and let's just Cucor There we go, then we're going to want two functions Save and load and you guessed it one saves and one loads So the first thing we need to do is actually make a person And we'll just call this person one and we'll say person one That age something grabbed my mouse and we're going to say equals 36 And person one dot name We're gonna say is Brian because that's me and we're gonna make another person just for the sake of argument here. We're gonna make two of these Say person to we're gonna say 18 and we'll just give my daughter's name Heather All right now that we've got our two person classes or our people as we should say We're gonna actually create a queue file and you know stream this out So say queue file I'm gonna say file and Put this you know wherever you've been putting your files And we'll just call this people dot txt Now remember we're not actually you know, don't get thrown by the dot txt We're just doing that so you can simply open up a notepad and kind of peek at the contents if you really want to It is a binary file though. So chances are it's just gonna be nothing but gibberish And we're gonna say file open And we want to do queue IO device We want write only because we're going to write to the file So if we could not write to the file then we're just going to simply say Queue to bug and we're just going to Output here. Whoops. Hope if I got it in the quotes could not open file that way because I'm just you know basic Debug logging here kind of show us you know something catastrophic happened with the file system and then we exit out Otherwise if we can't do it, we're just gonna say queue Data stream and we'll just call this out Give it a reference to our file and then of course out Set version and then we want to do the queue Data stream and we want the version of this which is going to be Cute and the newest one which I believe I'm on for seven Although here than the cute five is scheduled to come out soon. I could be wrong. Anybody else hear anything about that? Let me know All right, scroll down here, and you know, we're just we're just doing some basic output here. So we're just gonna say out Person one out Person two So we're just gonna output our two classes out to the file say file that flush and nothing new here I mean, this is all everything you already know Alright now, what do you think's gonna happen when we go to run this? Well, let's find out. Let's actually go here and let's say save Some of you're probably snickering because you've made this mistake before. Oh, wait a minute No match for operator In out. Hmm. What does that mean? And you see oh my gosh catastrophic error. I mean all these things just exploded behind it Well, if you remember from your C++ book you did buy one didn't you? There was a chapter on operator overloading So if you go out to C++ comm let me see if I can expand this tutorial slash classes to They have this very very nice chapter on overloading operators and they tell you you know first off What is an operator? Well any of these symbols are an operator Plus minus multiply left shift right shift things of that nature. They're all operators Well in C++ you can actually override that behavior and it's actually expected that you do that This is a perfect example of why you would need to do this because we're trying to left shift this person one class into the output stream and Person one class doesn't know how to do that So we have to tell it, you know what we expect of it in order to do this So what I'm going to do here is We're just going to add new and we're going to make a header file And we're going to call this That's a good question. What should we call this? Let's call this overloads Now we've got our header file notice how there's no source file with it. It's just our header And we are going to Give it a few includes here Oops, we have a person dot h and we're going to say Include Qt core Now we have our includes now what we need to do is actually override the operators So that we can at any time Tell it what we wanted to do and how we expect it to act so Q data stream and we need to say the reference to the Operator and we want the left shift operator And we'll call this Q data stream Out And we want a constant Person class And we're just going to call this Person and let's see here Somebody asked me once in a while if I could just do that so you guys could see the code All right now we can just pretty much copy and paste this because they're actually very similar and Pretty much the same thing call this in These are our function prototypes here what you're needed and Then we're going to actually implement these and If you're like me when you first read your C++ book you did buy one didn't you? When you read it you got to the chapter on operator overloading you thought this is fascinating But when am I ever going to use this? Well, this is one of those times so we're going to write a person class to the stream and we're going to say out person not age and Person that name and then we're going to return the output stream So really all we're doing here is we're telling it exactly how to put this class into the output stream And remember anything that we do we must do the opposite so we'll say Read in a person class and we'll say person equal and then in we want to Now that we've got a new person class here because remember we may be reading it in and we don't actually have a class yet So what we're going to do is we're going to read in the age and then you guessed it the name and then we want to return the input stream So real basic operator overloading we got here We're going to override left shift and right shift. I believe those are called left shift and right shift Somebody please correct me if I'm wrong. It's been forever since I even done this And then we implement the overrides and really all we're doing is we're telling it exactly how We want that at output it in what order and remember you have to read it in the same order Now actually let me Throw that back up there make sure we're in the right file here. We are all right now We're in Maine what we can do is do an include and we include our overloads And if you remember back from our C++ tutorials anything that you include is going to be Pre-pended meaning it's just like putting the code right here. So let's save and run this and Yep, it's a liquid habit. We did something wrong here passing constant person as this argument of person Hmm. Oh, I see what the problem is here. We have it as a constant. We can't do that Geez, sorry about that. Like I said, it's been a while. So let's real quick review here We don't want a constant because constant means we can't change it and we're actually changing it when we read it in So for the output we want a constant because we don't want to change it for the input We want to change it. So there's no constant Let's run this Hmm definition of implicitly declared person class. Hmm. Yes Let's review real quick I want to make sure we've got this Taking out the person constructor and there's no person constructor here Now everything should line up and run just fine. There we go So we ran this we haven't outputted anything, but we did write out to the text file And we'll just grab a instance of Explorer and there it is And as you can see there's our two classes Brian and Heather So now we want to be able to read that in Now you may be asking why do you even need person dot cpp? Well, you really don't for this example because we're not really doing anything So you could get rid of that if you really wanted to. All right, there's our overloads. There's our main So now we want to load this up All right, so we'll get rid of that. We're just gonna Create two variables and not initialize them Use the same file We want read only we'll call this in in We're just gonna do in person one in person two Don't need to flush, but we do need to close then we're just gonna say Qtabug person one age and Actually, let's sorry. Let's flip this around. Let's say Person one that name we're gonna just gonna say, you know name is and then the age so Got that Let's hide this again for you. There we go And we want to read in person two Or should say we want to output to person two. We've already read it in Now I'm gonna come out out save you don't really need to I mean it would just write the file again And we're just gonna run this and see what happens when we load it Sure enough Brian is 36 Heather is 18. So that in a nutshell is I would call that more advanced Binary input output and let's review really really quick just to make sure all this kind of sinks in here We've got a few files We've got our person class, which is just you know a representation of the data. We want to store We have our overloads file, which has the function prototypes for the operator overloads And then it has the implementation of each one and remember We're just telling it how we want to write the data out and how we want to read it in C++ is an amazing and incredibly stupid tool. You have to tell it everything because it does exactly what you tell it to do We have our implementation file for person But it's empty because there's just nothing in there and then we have our actual program which you know We're importing overloads in person and then we're just you know creating an instance Filling with information Opening a file setting the version Outputting it flushing and closing and then we're just doing the reverse We're just creating a few instances opening reading the file setting the version Reading in the objects closing again, and then we're outputting to the screen Very simple very useful So that's all for this tutorial on This is Brian. Thank you for watching. You can find all this and more out on my website void realms comm Yes, I've really been pushing the website because you can go out Free of charge and get the source code for this tutorial save yourself a little bit of typing or if you you know Type it out. It's just not working. You can just download the source and it should just work So give me some user feedback I'm really kind of curious to hear what you guys want to see in the way of tutorials in the near future We've covered a lot of topics and I'm kind of interested to see where you guys want to go Now, please don't flood me with Brian Let's make a 3d video game because those take you know a dozen programmers three years to make And we're talking something simple that you can digest in you know 15 minutes or less. All right. Thanks guys


Subduction. Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into mantle. Regions where this process occurs aren't known as subduction zones. Rates of subduction are typically in centimetre per year, with the average rate of convergence being approximately 2-8 cm per year along most plate boundaries. Plates include both oceanic crust and continental crust. Stable subduction zones involve the oceanic lithosphere of one plate sliding beneath the continental or oceanic lithosphere of another plate due to the higher density of the oceanic lithosphere. That is, the subducted lithosphere is always oceanic while the overriding lithosphere may or may not be oceanic. Subduction zones are sites that usually have a high rate of volcanism and earthquakes. Furthermore, subduction zones develop belts of deformation and metamorphism in the subducting crust, whose exhumation is part of Orogyner and also leads to mountain building in addition to collisional thickening.


Putin's regime is staggering. Some groups in Russia can start an internal conflict. The representative of the main intelligence directorate of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, Andrey Yusov, spoke about which groups in Russia can push the start of an internal conflict by their actions. He noted that the driving force for the start of a civil war in the Russian Federation could be representatives of public society who are ready to defend their rights. But there are practically no such people. Here, I would like to quote the well-known Ukrainian politician, political psychologist Oleg Pokalchuk, who said that in order for there to be a civil war, at least citizens are needed. That is, people with their own civil position who are ready to defend their rights fight for them. But we don't see such people in modern Russia, Yusov explained. However, in Russia, there are groups of individuals who are ready to fight for their own interests and can push the real start of an internal conflict. Nevertheless, there are other groups that are ready to fight, if not for their rights, then for their interests. Of course, the latest events are connected with Prigozin and his Wagner Group. Now we can talk about the confrontation between the special services and the army in the Russian Federation. Other lines, when the Kremlin towers begin to quarrel more loudly among themselves. Of course, this indicates that the regime is already tottering. Cracks are already coming and I think will soon reach foundation. Yusov emphasized. He added that there are many unresolved problematic issues in Russia which will only exacerbate the internal conflict once it starts. These are the rights of enslaved peoples who will fight for them. And political rights nevertheless, a large number of political prisoners are on the territory of the Russian Federation. And Putin, by attacking Ukraine himself, brought the end of the decaying Russian Empire as close as possible. Yusov stressed.


I can't believe it. My professor accused me of plagiarism. His words, not mine. Okay, I'm going to ruin this joke by explaining why it's funny. In this style of joke, the person telling the joke is acting like someone who is unintentionally implicating themselves about something. Plagiarizing means copying someone's work without credit and then turning it in as your own. And then the phrase, his words, not mine, is a way of shifting responsibility for something you say. But if you take that phrase literally, his words, not mine, it means you're using someone else's words, which is kind of like plagiarizing. And that's what makes this joke funny. I'm complaining about being accused of plagiarizing and then immediately admitting to using someone else's words. Here are a couple of other jokes in a similar style. I am done being a people pleaser if everyone's okay with that. My wife said I lack empathy. I don't understand how she could feel that way. Thanks for watching. If you have a joke you want me to explain, leave it in the comments. I'll see you next time.


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Aha! Look! The microfiche are there in that tank. No doubt that air-curious-looking hermit crab is the infamous Dewey. Observe the way the troglodytes, though vastly superior in physical stature, cower in subordination to the hermit crab, captivating. Do you find the particulars of our arrangement, Vixen? You preserve the silent tranquility of my hermit ties, and I provide your daily sustenance. Sorry, Mr. Dewey. It's just that one of them weird fishes was just too loud. Sorry, Mr. Dewey. It's just that one of them weird fishes was real magic. Incompetent fools! Those weird fishes weren't fish. They're interlopers, and you've let them parade right into my sanctuary. Oh, hello. Do not fret. Like you, my wizard friend and I wish only to discover and explore the marvels of the illustrious microfiche. Silence! These microfiche are mined to ruminate upon! Traglodyte! Earn back your pabulum by quieting these vociferous streprobates! Uh-mm... Gaww! Make the intruders go bye-bye, or you get no din-din! Uh-oh, oh! If I set the microfiche free, will you go away? Of course, my good crab, you and I shall never find quarrel again, so long as you promise to never horde the wonders of the deep again. Now, wizard, let us leave this crusty crustacean to his studies. We'll follow the unmistakable beacon of sunlight back up to the beach. That was educational, no? No, and behold, the pool now teens with microfish. Go on, cast a lure and check them out for yourself. When you are done, the Calypso will take you home, thus punctuating this most fantastic voyage.


This lecture is on frequency domain signal analysis like as I told you before in condition based monitoring signal analysis is very very important and that too every machinery has a distinct frequency of operation. So, through the signal which has been obtained through the transducers we need to analyze them to find out the characteristics frequencies of the signal or in other words the signature of this machinery because every machinery has a distinct frequency. So, how do we find out the frequency of that machine in a particular signal which we have acquired. So, in this class we will be going briefly into the mathematics of such signals how through Fourier analysis you know people do determine the frequency components of a signal. For example, you all would recall in your under gadget maths class on Fourier transform the teacher would have given you many waveforms it could have been saw tooth and square wave etcetera triangular and told you find out the a b and c coefficients and then expand this waveform as a series of sums of sines and cosines and in fact, this is the very starting point of frequency domain signal analysis and in this class we will be focusing our attention into such analysis and later on we will see how such analysis can be used to analyze real world mechanical signals. Well, you as you all know the need for frequency analysis is because of the fact that every mechanical component has a characteristic defect a characteristic frequency or frequencies which could be related to the defect in the machinery. So, we will be having a distinct signature out of this machinery this signature is its characteristics frequency. For example, if a machine is rotating at say n r p m its rotational frequency is nothing, but n by 60 hertz. So, if I have a say just a machine may be a soft supported on a bearing and this was rotating at n r p m and if I had put an transducer here. You all can appreciate the fact that in the time domain the signal obtained by such a transducer would somehow look like this and the inverse of its time period is a frequency f is equal to nothing, but n by 60 is equal to 1 by t where t is in seconds. So, this is a simple signal coming out of a machinery. Well, if the signal is of this form I can very easily tell you know the frequency is the inverse of the time period and such a signal having just one frequency is usually known as a pure tone signal, but you will realize later on you will see actual signals coming out of machinery no such signal from an actual machine is of such a single pure tone. In fact, if you are to measure or record the signals out of real machineries this could be of this nature signal out of an actual machine. So, if I asked you the frequency of the signal you all will be lost as to well how do I find out the frequency of such signals because I do not see a distinct time period they are randomly varying. So, this is the problem we have in front of us how do we estimate frequencies of the signal and obviously, this is not a pure tone signal, this is not a single frequency signal there are many frequencies. The problem before us is how do I find out the frequency contents in the signal. So, that is what we are going to look into in this frequency domain signal analysis in machineries and we will see how we can do that. So, because of the fact why again frequency domain signal analysis is important because signature of a machine component is unique when I am talking about say in a machinery ball bearing gear pulley impeller etcetera rotating shaft rotating shaft itself can manifest in many ways as an unbalance as a crack shaft as a misaligned shaft as a loose shaft as a board shaft. So, there are many ways. So, each of these mechanical conditions be it a defective bearing defective gear defective pulley unbalanced impeller impeller with a blade not present. So, they all will have different characteristic frequencies. So, if I got such a signal from a machinery where all these components were there and if I can find out the characteristic frequencies of the defects I can pretty well say well that defect has occurred because I see that frequency in the signature obtained from this machinery. Very simple to know you have the students role list and you ask everybody to sign those who are present they will sign. So, you will know in this class these the students are present similar to that if I know everybody's signature beforehand and if I do a signature analysis and if I see the frequency components showing up I can pretty well say well perhaps this this this defects occur because their characteristic frequencies have come up in the analysis which I have done. Now, let us see how we do such analysis. For example, I have just explained to you before that this is a 10 hertz pure tone because the time taken from 1, 0, 1 minimum to the next minimum is about 0.1 seconds exactly 0.1 seconds. And if I take the inverse of this I will get its frequency 10 hertz pure tone. In an oscilloscope if I get such a signal I can just take the inverse of the time period and then find out the frequency and another signal. But and if I do the spectrum of this pure tone I will get what is known and this is in frequency. So, I will get a peak at 10 hertz. If I notice this this had an amplitude of 10 you know whatever the unit 10 volts or 10 whatever mechanical units. So, this is its amplitude I know its time period. So, in the frequency domain once the analysis has been done I also see a 10 amplitude and also frequency of 10 because this is 50 and if I can divide it by 5 times this comes to 10 hertz. Now, we will take it a little forward in the sense if I have just added two sinusoids it will be very difficult if I asked you what are the two frequencies present in this signal. If some of you may estimate and do a correct estimation, but now imagine today it is 2 sinusoids tomorrow it could be 30 sinusoids 50 sinusoids. If I sum them up together you will have a signal which are just described like the signal or of a real world machinery signal and this is a problem we have in hand. So, a real world signal looks in fact even worse than this it is not even as uniform and simple like this. Those of you have done experiments in the lab must have seen this in the on the oscilloscope or on your analyzer. So, I have just done the analysis of this signal and I will show you this is what in fact it is it is the summation of a sine wave of 10 hertz with an amplitude 10 and another with an amplitude of 5 and a frequency of 50 hertz. So, if I have to write this signal. So, the composite signal x t is nothing but 10 sin 2 pi times 10 t plus 5 sin 2 pi 50 t. So, if I if I just replace this as a sin omega t. So, omega is equal to 2 pi f. So, in this problem we have f in one case f 1 is 10 hertz other case f 2 is 50 hertz a 1 is 10 sorry 10 and a 2 is 5. Just by comparison I have such a signal now I could mathematically add many functions and then get up this signal. But in the real world signal I have signal like this if I can break it up into such components I will know yes this frequency as f 1 f 2 f 3 and that is what we will be using the concept of Fourier analysis to find out the frequency components. We will first see for the case of signals which are well defined mathematically that means they can be described by a mathematical expression or a function. Now, I had shown you the case when one was 10 hertz another was another was 50 hertz. But if I add 2 signals 10 hertz plus a signal having 10.5 hertz that means these frequencies are very close very close. Then what happens when the frequencies are close a phenomena the resultant amplitude looks something like this that is the amplitude certainly increase decrease and this is known as the signals are beating or beat phenomena has occurred where the signals are independent each other. Now, I will give you an example there are ways you know Fourier series is one method of estimating the frequencies of the signal. But there are other methods to find out the frequency of the signals one such method is what is known as by signal heterodyning. I will pose you a problem in the case in a sense suppose in this signal one is 10 hertz and another is 10.5 hertz. I slowly bring by an frequency where I have a provision that I will have a frequency oscillator or a generator wherein I can change the frequencies and I have a meter which is observing the amplitude of this meter of this signal resultant signal. So, when the frequencies of this matches with the 10 hertz this amplitude will is going to be steady is not it. So, then I will say that the frequency of the unknown signal is equal to the frequency of my known signal. Let me explain to you in this method suppose I have a signal s 1 suppose I have a signal s 2 where is the s 2 frequency is known to me and I have a well this is the unknown signal. Now, my problem here is to know the frequency of this unknown signal. I have another signal which is my reference signal whose frequency is known and whose frequency is set by me right. So, if I was to these two frequencies were well apart I will be having certain frequencies here, but once they come close to the unknown signal is close to this frequency what is going to happen? I just told you this beating is going to happen right signal as is going to reduce in amplitude with time. Now, once the unknown signals frequency matches with the known signals frequency this is going to be a steady amplitude. So, this will be a steady thing. I will relate this to you know in the earlier days you know people use transistor radios when they tune the transistor radios and when they change the frequency setting of the station when they came close to the frequency of the station you will hear kind of a noise like waning and wax. And then finally, it will catch on to a a cause one here because it has last on to the because the frequency which you are setting is equal to the frequency of the received signal and then they will match and then you will hear the clear voice, but once you are very close to the station while tuning it manually you will hear this signal which is waning waxing because of the beating. And earlier days you know when you know people were not having Fourier systems where they are not having fast computers they were tuning the frequency of the because one frequency is known to you. So, the unknown frequency if it matches there will be a steady amplitude. And this is what is known as signal heterodyning and I will show you the mass behind this and this is what happens.  So, this will become 0 and whole things will disappear and then I will have a steady amplitude this is known as signal heterodyning. To know the signal of an unknown signal by matching with the signal of a known signal I hope this is clear to all of you. And this is just from the trigonometric functions, but mind you the signals are independent of each other if they are dependent they will modulate and that is something we will discuss later on in the classes, but beating signals because you know the known signal and unknown signal they are independent of each other. I have a set of known signal some unknown signal is coming I am summing it up and then seeing this resulting signal. So, if I just add those signals this is the from trigonometry this is the sin a plus sin b formula has been used here and I will get this relationship. Now, another way of finding out the frequency because I am I am telling you certain tricks which are used without even using Fourier analysis and one such is heterodyning another one is comparing the signals. If signals you know if you do this if the signal is the two signals are the same frequency this is if one is in the x axis other in the y axis I will get a plot of like this. If one is the twice of the other I will get such figures and these are known as Lesageau's figures and this are mostly used in orbit analysis by this we can find out the relative ratios of the frequency of the signals. Now, before I come to Fourier series there is another method by which we can do is set up filters this could be analog in nature in the sense what is a filter? Filter means it will allow signals of certain frequencies to pass through and not pass through. For example, if I do the frequency response in the frequency domain this is how typically the response of a filter looks like and this is known as 0 dB this means logarithm of output by input it could be log 10. When output is equal to input what happens it becomes 1 and log of 1 to the base 10 is 0. So, this is known as 0 decibel and this is the typical frequency response of a filter this is a band pass filter wherein it has a lower limit f of l and this is an upper limit f of c or f of u and this is known as the lower cut off frequency and this is known as the higher cut off frequency. Now, an ideal filter what would happen in an ideal filter they should be very very sharp ok, but this does not happen it takes certain other frequencies because this is known as the filter roll off and this depends on the order of the filter I mean I can have a sharp filter sharp band or a steep depending on the order of the filter we will not discuss this in details, but such filters are available in the market wherein I know the lower frequency and the higher frequency. So, if there is an unknown signal which frequency is not known I will pass it through a filter set wherein I know the f lower and f upper and if I get some signal I know that this signal is devoid of or this signal has only this signals in or I can look into them in also in time domain this is all in time domain this means that the frequency in this is between f upper minus f lower and this is the frequency band width. Here all frequencies are present I do not know what they are in stage one I pass them through a filter in stage two in stage three if I get certain signal I know the frequency of this signal is only between f upper and f lower right no problem all in time domain I need not know what the exact frequencies are well question is now if I want to know what the frequencies are I can make this bandwidth very very small I can put a series of filters with very narrow bandwidths is not it. So, I can put a series of narrow bandwidth filters and if I know each one's bandwidth I will see what are the frequencies which are present or not just by monitoring the amplitude coming out of this frequency of this filter set. So, I can have filter set wherein this bandwidths could be tuned they could be digitally programmed they could be operated through a software they could be set manually. So, there are many ways by which we can do that traditionally when computers were not available people use such analog filters very broadly analog filters were used they would manually tune the frequency of this filter set see the amplitude at the output of the filter set, but nowadays there are computers which we where we can vary in fact this bandwidth could be as low as 0.01 hertz very fine resolution of 0.01 hertz next is 0.01 plus 2 into 2 into 3 into 4 into 5 and then I can have series of such digital filters ok and this could be done very serially one after the other, but this as you will see will be very very time consuming and it cannot be done in real time and there are problems associated with it ok. Nevertheless filters can be used analog filters digital filters to do such analysis. While I am on the subject of filters I should tell you about few other filters and how their responses looks like in the frequency domain. Today we will be using about 4 types of signal of signal of filter of this sort this is a response of the filter another could be another we just talked about and another is or I am sorry this one is the other way in fact please make a correction. So, this is as you will see is known as a low pass that means this allows the low pass frequencies signal to go up and then after certain frequencies they are cut down. Because by using such a low pass filter I can know that no frequencies beyond this cut off frequencies are present in the result signal low pass filter and opposite to this this is known as the high pass filter. That means every frequency beyond the high pass frequency are available are allowed to pass through and this is as you know the band pass and this is it will kill a particular frequency and this is known as a notch filter. Notch filter I will just give an example for example in many of the electrical circuits we have a predominant frequency of 50 hertz. So, if I put a notch filter of 50 hertz it is going to remove that 50 hertz signal from the actual signal. So, this is where a notch filter is used. So, if I have such filters I can also have an estimate of the frequency response of the signals. Now, we will look into the another theory behind frequency domain analysis and that is what is known as this Fourier analysis and I am sure this is a very very important analysis which is used in engineering. In fact, mathematicians say that out of 10 great inventions or discoveries in mathematics Fourier series is one such analysis. Fourier Fourier series has lot of engineering applications be it engineering, be it mechanical, civil, electrical, be it in medicine. Everywhere Fourier analysis is useful in the sense that the most important thing is anything I will say what this you anything can be broken up into its frequency components. Be it signal, be it physical dimensions, be it the surface roughness they can all be broken up into different sums of sines and cosines and that is why this signal is this is very important. So, let us go back to how to determine the frequency spectrum of periodic signals. Now, as you all know what is a periodic signal? Signals which repeat with time and Fourier series says that the signal has to occur from plus infinite to minus infinite and periodic in nature. So, such a signal y t where y is in time domain can be broken up into components as a naught by 2 plus n is equal from a n cosine n omega t plus b n sin n omega t where n goes from 1 to infinite. There is another way of representing this, but we cannot find out the components a n and b n by this integration. I will not go in the details of this, but I will just tell you the fact that y t to determine a n and b n you will see from this equation, y t has to be mathematically known to me and then we have a serious problem here. The real world mathematical signal which I have the real world machinery signal which I measure I do not know it is y y t, I cannot represented it in a mathematical expression. If I was able to do it represented mathematically I could very easily find out its a n and b n by doing this integration and that is a problem. We will see how we can overcome this. So, this capital T is given by 2 pi omega is the period of the signal where omega is the fundamental frequency or known as the first harmonic that the fundamental it is always known as the first harmonic and twice of that is the second harmonic and so on. And this you will find in any mathematics textbook in your third year Fourier series or second year Fourier series and this is the generic form of such an analysis. I will not go into the details of such an analysis here, but I must tell you because of this Fourier you can all make a note of it and because I always find it now should know about the great mathematician who has given us this Fourier series to us John Baptist Joseph Fourier. You must have heard of Fourier law of heat conduction it is the same person. And we will see in this work he showed that any function of a variable may be expanded in a series of sine functions result which is frequently used in mathematics and science today and which we are going to use in this class. So, to begin with if I have such an signal wherein its time period is T and amplitude is A I can pretty well say well this signal has frequency of 1 by T. So, if the signal is pure tone I will get I would be thinking that yes very easily I can construct back the signal well if I was to construct I will only get a sine wave back is not it. If I just take the fundamental, but then I am not getting my original signal my original this is my original square wave, but then if I expand the Fourier series there will be the other terms and other terms are very important. So, if I was to take the definition of this Fourier apply this on this square wave and I was to estimate A n. So, A n comes out to be 0 because the frequency is divided from 0 to T by 2 if I go T by 2 it is this is there is a typo here this is not 1 this is T by 2. So, 0 to 2 by 2 this is A sorry excuse me this is A and T by 2 to T it is minus A the second half. So, this one is A and this one is minus A. So, I have broken up the signal into 2 halves and then similarly if I do this I will land up with an component of this form of A n is 0 and B n is equal to 4 A by n pi. So, square wave can be broken up into different components and thus if I was to represent a square wave in the frequency domain this is the square wave which we originally had. If I did the Fourier series expansion by this expression here I will land up with such an expression wherein this is at the fundamental is at 4 A by pi the second harmonic in this case it is 3 omega because the second one does not exist. So, it has omega 3 omega 5 omega 7 omega and so on. So, a square wave X T can be broken up into 4 A by pi sin omega t plus 4 A by 3 pi sin 3 omega t plus 4 A by 5 pi plus sorry sin 5 omega t and so on. And if I take this term still infinite if I add them up together I will get back my original square wave. So, then with confidence I can say well I have broken up in this Fourier this square wave by Fourier series into its individual frequency components. So, a square wave is just not a sin wave, but a summation of such sin waves omega 3 omega 5 omega 7 omega so on. And I am sure in your maths classes you must have done such exercises for triangular waves you know in a first year circuit the teacher would have given you break up such a wave periodic wave form into such Fourier components. Now you notice interesting thing here I have now put all of them together all the harmonics individually they have been plotted and eventually they have been added up this is the sum of the first three harmonics with an amplitude of A is equal to 1. And you see this dark blue line we have quite not got back the original square wave had I added more terms of course we cannot go up till infinite, but with large number of terms you can you will see that you will get back your original square wave. What this means is this square wave consists of frequencies of omega 3 omega 5 omega 7 omega etcetera. So, if I get such a signal I will know this is its frequency content, but the problem still rises that I do not know y t and that is the something we have to live with it. So, we have to do what is known as a mathematical or a numerical estimation of the signal and try to go from it. So, you will see the limitations of the traditional Fourier analysis difficult to implement numerically for a measure signal because one obviously has no obvious mathematical form and which we short. If I knew y t I would have done this integration very easily easily got back and another limitation of this Fourier analysis is it is limited to periodic signals it cannot handle transient waveforms or random signals. For example, a period signal which just occurs like this I possibly cannot find out its periodic components because it is not periodic and these are the limitations of Fourier series analysis. So, well how do you do go about it there are the Fourier series there is an integral method to do it wherein instead of summations I do an integration from minus infinite to plus infinite and in such a way I can transform a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain by doing this forward transform and we will see how this is done. And the vice versa is also true if I have a signal in the frequency domain I can get back its individual time domain components and this is known as the inverse Fourier transform when we have it in the integration form we call it as integral or in the digital form it will be known as the Fourier transform or digital Fourier transform and this can be all done digitally. But in order to do this Fourier transform I need to have representatives of the signal and the Fourier transform or integral this y t could be anything may be transient could be random could be periodic and the Fourier transform is a complex quantity. And then we always have a Fourier transform pair wherein the signal can be related from time to frequency or frequency to time. So, we have this Fourier series which is for periodic function we have the Fourier integral transform which can be for non periodic random signals. And then if you look back here this integration could be done numerically once I do numerically this integration I need to have an estimate of the signal y t at every numerical steps. So, to digitally implement the Fourier transform I can call it as digitally implement Fourier transform or sometimes it is known as discrete Fourier discrete Fourier transform or d f t I need to have digitally acquired time data then this integration can be done I will. So, the problem is now how do we get this digitally acquired data I have a signal which is occurring like this I want to do is d f t. So, that I can get the frequency spectrum, but then question is how do I do d f t well there are many algorithms to do d f t we will discuss that in the subsequent classes, but most important is I need to digitally acquire the time data and that is known what is known as the computer aided data acquisition data has to be acquired by a computer converted from analog to digital sample data. This is an real analog data I have to digitally sample them so that this digital data y k is can be put in the d f t algorithm to get the Fourier spectrum once such Fourier spectrum is obtained by us we can see how this analysis can be done. So, as a homework I could ask you to try out the Fourier series of find out the Fourier series representation of this signals you can take them as a this is you know t t by 2 and this is going to infinite this is a triangular wave another is you could have t a a positive sided square wave where the negatives are chopped you can find out the Fourier series expansion of such waves this could be a homework for all of you to do and we will either put the results in the website or we will discuss that in the subsequent tutorial classes this lecture. So, in the next class this would conclude this lecture on the frequency domain signal analysis, but we still do not know how to implement this with real world signal, but the problem I have posed to you is we need to acquire this analog data into a digital form once this data is there there are many algorithms which will be putting in to find out the frequency estimate of the signal and we will discuss that in the subsequent classes. Thank you.


Everybody forced here ripping the sports card Almanac ultra high on multi-sport volume 12 case break number five here. Let's go It's all raw and graded cards in this no mem Excuse me, everybody two randoms here in just a moment first random is for the case number second random is for the draft order Two minutes per pick and the hit draft once you open all the boxes and all the cards are displayed I'm typing in YouTube and Twitch chat three streams of simultaneously. I'm typing in those communicating verbally. We see you Michael S Thank you, sir. Thank you for joining if you are picking and you haven't chatted in a while test your chat to make sure that it works I'm also checking the email latent sports cards at gmail.com So if you're ever not able to make it or you want to submit your pick through that I always check that email before I You know before I do end up having make-pick for somebody at the end of two minutes We give someone a few more seconds if they're not here, or they don't pick then I'll have to pick for them So the best of my abilities When I held responsible for picking the perfect card for somebody we always go by Best available card value-wise, you know as far as like we can tell That pretty much covers it no influencing the draft and no discussing card values during the break just wait until after it's that simple So thank you all for Following those couple rules. Let's go ahead and get started while the draft is going on and it's your pick Please include your order or zip code to confirm your pick And if you want to see a card up close when it's your turn during the draft Just let me know and chat and I'll show you the card again, basically I was pulling heat I was pulling some maybe future Almanac cards are there. That's disgusting. All right. Here we go with a random good look We're gonna go seven times seven times here So first one is for the case number. Yeah, couple the Yuri Perez red wave rookie auto over there a minute ago Chrome update. Mm-hmm. All right seven times Got it rich. I see you seven times on the case number first And draft order to follow one two three four five Six and seven don't case one first one first one zero numbered First one stand to the latent factory okay, and For the draft order after seven the one through ten that appears on that screen will be the draft order best of luck everybody, thank you for joining one two three four five six and seven John a with the first pick John a with the first pick. Let me move these over so we can see the draft order a little larger John a with one John D with two Josh s with three Zc4 Gabriel c5 Aaron m6 Michael s7 Gabriel c8 and Greg again with nine and ten I'm getting choked Getting choked out later Greg I'll be here.  You're egg. You're gonna call it who numbered these cases That would be mr. Samuel Not me surprisingly. I know it's either him or me. I know in your head. You're like it's either him Greg's on his way Jake. Oh, I got I better get prepared Yeah, yeah, that was the we just said the random for the draft order. All right guys Let's get that next one filling up here still seven to go y'all Seven I'll be there to Jake Considering you're in the building. Yeah, I'm sure I might have this talk to the police All right. Good luck everybody supposed to fire here Sure, we will is it is all right. Yeah, I'm excited for the holidays Milan. I'm excited Fluva 23 flew by though, man. Geez you're flew by Wait 23 started Was that It's not still 2017. I can't believe that was six years. Everybody's on the Patriots. All right. Yes, okay He's got long hair. Thank God. Oh, he's got long hair still. Oh, so it's like 2008. Yeah, it's got the flowing hair Oh, that's gorgeous. Love it. Penny hardaway sneaker spotlight signatures the 99. Let's go 2223 on the large that's what this year's noir Penny sneaker spotlights a 99. Let's go magic. Let's go magic Orlando magic Holy cow, that's fire. Hmm one of the best cards in basketball is a sneaker spotlight signature Yeah, those are so sick So nice Great start to it. Let's go magic six to go a number six y'all six to go on number six. Come on six to go Like what they're seeing so there's best in that stadium shady. What are you talking about? He's losing his mind. I didn't know this was in here 1992 upper deck heroes Ted Williams Ted Williams auto checklist auto Authenticated so it's a yeah PSA authenticated the card game to the nine. Let's go a Teddy ball game. Wow hand numbered 1866 of 2,500 all-time fighter Teddy ball game. Yeah, one of the best Marine pilots there ever were Heck yeah, man. Wow. Wow. Wow Teddy ball game out here. My goodness Teddy ball game That's what's up, dude Got a very diverse start to the break cards from your heyday 1992 that's that card is this my age Cards on the 1900s. I'll believe that that card is I wasn't even born till 10 years later Put that in perspective That part of seniority Jake so yeah Next time there's one last slice of pizza Ted Williams gets it. Okay. Sorry, man Alright, oh dude a shield I'm back RPA shield of Christian Watson. Oh Dude that is sick. That's the Prime patch rookie prime patch shield rookie auto of Christian Watson from Immaculate last year 22 That's good. That's good. That's good. There's shield She We got shields. We got Teddy ball game. We got sneakers of of penny Penny loafers if you will What's up Steven happy Sunday everybody be sure to like the stream Sunday fun day. This is a fun day. I'm having fun Make a dual case spot. Thank you Brian are that's gotta be really close That's true.  What's next is a dynasty rookie patch auto of Julio Rodriguez? Three color patch you've got to be kidding me you've got to be kidding me I said yesterday. He's he's going 40 70 at some point just like a cune you did he's going 40 70 at some point What's up Ryan Ryan be what's up? I'm not sure if any cubs one-on-ones in this one Ryan. Just just a fair warning. There might be it might not be Lord yeah, Langston. That's what I'm saying. I gotta hold my lunch down right now cards disgusting I'm down to go to Australia Milan down to go down under So here's the thing about personals tonight our internet provider Said between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m. That there's going to be a 15 minute downtime So if we can we will that's all I can speak on on that So we'll get the brakes going and pretty much completed by the time midnight rolls around But if there's like an extended if it goes for longer than 15 minutes, then I don't I don't know if it's gonna happen Unfortunately, that's something that's out of our control. So Yeah, that's rich typing into rich is typing in the lower case Five to go. Oh, dude. Gold rookie auto of Jude Bellingham No way top scrim champions league Jude Bellingham gold auto to 50 rookie Jude I Feel like when Lane packed this out the card has gone up in value. He won the uh He won the award recently dude. Good. God. That's an insane soccer card Lane brought the soccer heat PSA 9 gold Bellingham top scrum champions league rookie auto. Oh my god. This is this is a This is a juicy case so far. I must say I must say Juicy halfway in the next case halfway everybody. Come on There are monsters lurking in these in these tonight One one Mahomes last case one of one Griffey last case dual auto Harper Trout dual auto Montana Brady I'll always miss mookie bets, but yes, I'm excited for Marcelo Meyer a hundred percent Is that a bit whoa a big Ben? Fleer hot Pros signed Jersey so rookie Jersey auto of Ben Rothesburger PSA 10 Wow, dude, I have I've never seen this actual cards number to 150 as well Big Ben. I was at a future Pat future watch for a future patch auto Big Ben Jersey, I don't know what I'm saying rookie Jersey auto PSA 10 number to 150 Sell some cards Cameron We'll put him in almanac Man, oh man, oh man This is an interesting case so far. There's a lot of different cards in this one the hap hap hap heaviest family this side of the house Just keep the the lines in that movie are running through my head all at all times. They're so good The movie is like one non-stop like it's just it's a quick quick hit jokes. Love it.  I'll take it. Oh, dude, Penini. Whoa Penini instant rookie premiere auto of Bryce young Number to 25 dude RPS first look is this his only is This his only licensed auto. I didn't even know he had this RPS Penini instance Bryce young to 25 See I feel like that's his only licensed auto, right? Because the ones that came out and like draft were obviously like collegiate cards. Oh It is I was gonna say I'm pretty sure that if the The three quick QBs that haven't signed with Penini. These are the ones Good lord I saw I saw the Stroud I saw stroud. Yeah, I saw the gold Stroud to that gold mosaic Stroud. I Man Lane Lane works fast at these dude Congrats Thomas you that you hit the Stroud That card's a doozy Those cards down the line.  Heck. Yeah. There we go. I love the mix we got going on here That is a 1450 upper deck 25th anniversary buyback auto of Wayne Gretzky 2000th point on That's on the buyback here 1991 upper deck Not sure which one this one is but 91 upper deck It's a buyback from that set from 1415 25th anniversary Gretzky auto first 2000 point hand number to 25 BGS 9 5 and 10 Yeah That I yeah, man Yeah, rich doesn't have a PC anymore guys edges 9 centering corners and surface 9 5 on this. Oh my good Yep, the great one the great one almost almost as good as a As David Posh or knock Think we can all agree on that one non-biased opinions only for to go in case six or to go next case Oh, yeah, we got we got Teddy ball games Crazy rookies legends Yeah, I just I have I just took some reaches PC to I just took it. I'm like, all right. I'll take some of these Lane said I could have Said I could do it.  That's that's that's crazy Yeah, T-Law went off today He did he did Hey, wait till that guy gets an offensive line then it's as wheels up, baby Wheels up we take in flight. He's already it really really really good Yeah, his his signature is super clean Super clean that L and that L in the Lawrence. That's pretty good.  Oh God, dude 2020 top sterling hammering Hammering and the kid and then the Melville meteor way dude Triple on card. Whoo. That is just All the John and it you do have first pick you do have first pick so If if you if you wanted it is yours I'm surprised we're just the watch Yeah, I put Richard's truck in almanac too guys, so we're gonna pull keys out of a box. That's what it is Not it's it's non graded truck though. It's not graded We're all truck so that that might sway some uh some thoughts on it I What a diverse case Okay, John's pick in the triple. I don't know you have a set of timer. Thank you John a That is absolutely the scuff staying Do the Cheetos come with the truck my god, man Sorry guys just wanting to a almanac centric email one to go in case six y'all break here Okay, John is taking the triple hard not to hard not to not not I mean hey Love that red to five there One to go in case six already one to go in case six. Hey, we're we're pull we're pulling the heat we're pulling the heat Pick to John D. Well, John's had the top picks John D If you want to see a card up close when it is your pick, please let me know and I can show you the card again Try to get a good view here. You got penny sneaker spotlight teddy ball game on the upper deck heroes 2,500 auto shield RPA of Watson Dynasty RPF J rod gold rookie chrome auto of Jude Bellingham RPA Ben Rottelsberger Rookie but any instant license thought of a Bryce young just insane rookies and like insane legends left here This is freaking nuts. That's how I say it's John a card. It is a John a card now. It's 100% Wonder I can't believe it was one to go Why is the carpet all wet Todd? I don't know Margo Something had to go through the window something had hit the stereo Trashless finale up natural now. Oh good Lord. Oh, it's Sean's uh, yeah T-Law is numbered to 49 championship ticket number to 49 Show that one again for you J&D PSA nine championship ticket to 49 Super clean auto if that were if that were to grade there's no doubt on my mind that that is a that that is a 10 auto Jake in four shirt coming soon Wait, is that confirmed from from from Halley? That's insane. If that's true Rich said, oh God So it's got to be the most amazing shirt of all time.  Oh, okay. It's rich design in the shirt All right, John timers running out if you want to see something else real quick. Let me know but it is Juan Juan now come on. Come on Going with a Tila. I appreciate you John. Yep, that is fire Let's go on fire. Let's go Love Trevor Lawrence I'm gonna grow my hair. I like Trevor Lawrence You had his hair at one point fun fact. It's probably impossible for me to do it at this point Want to go K6 everybody. Thank you, John A and John D. Josh s is picking now Yeah, you had the Brady hair at one point. I did Any help this is hard? Um That would be influenced in the drafts so I can't offer a ton of help I can show you something again You've got Gretzky penny hardaway and Ted Williams up there, which are kind of like established names and established type cards and The Rothesburgers kind of that way too is an RP of Rothesburgers So these guys are kind of the legends and then you have guys like a shield Watson a Bryce young a Jude Bellingham and a J Rod and those are kind of like Hot cards now with some upside because they're still playing and they're very young Pick what you like is is the real best advice I would say Yeah Go with the J rod see that's that's that's nine zero zero six six go with the J rod. See that's that's a great pick Julio Dynasty rookie patch autos like if he just keeps panning out like that's phenomenal card It is a phenomenal card as it is but Great pick Josh. Thank you for joining man Let's go Josh. I know most the people that work here are just like dynasty like we're suckers for dynasty I'm a sucker for dynasty and definitive Call we call Jake the dynasty simp I'm just kidding never called never called him that He can't stop laughing man. I like that pick to ZC is up. Yes. See that's that's how you do right there They're all great cards share the Wayne. Yeah, of course ZC Michael you pick it for ZC. It's a 25 Wayne Gretzky 2014 upper deck 25th anniversary auto Oh ZC's going with the Gretzky Yep, ZC's going with the Gretzky. Thank you ZC. Yeah, it's a 9 5 10. It's a buyback from 91 But it was in it was packed pulled out of 14 15 upper deck 25th anniversary Hand over to 25 2000 points is the inscription there the auto graded 10 the card at 9 5 Thank you ZC. Congrats on that one. Dude. Look at his second half Cameron. Look at his second half numbers Jayrod for this year. Yeah That That August was insane Thought I thought I could fit them all on the same screen. I don't know if I can guys But I'm already here. So I'm gonna do my best to make it work Steve is trashless winner That makes sense Is that rich typing in all caps? I don't know Maybe Okay Gabriel is up. I know Gabriel is international. So we shall see Now you're good right there. Uh, Ben R. Yes It could be it could have had someone from another computer. We just want to make sure PSA 10 2000 fleer hot pros Ben Rothesberger signed jersey So it's a jersey. Oh, I'm not it's not signed jersey obviously and it's number to 150 Something I think Gabriel's in twitch guys just FYI for those of you that are in youtube Big Ben RPA to 150 fleer hot pros Jude gold auto Pop through on the big Ben lane just said in youtube chat that big Ben. That's a pop three I did not see that slap, but I saw I saw a sick check card last break Gabriel go with the jude bellingham. You got it. Just need a comfort. Oh, there we go. Thank you Gabriel confirmed that Not gonna lie That would have been my pick here That would have been my pick Love it. Gabriel. Thank you. Thank you for joining us Thank you, sir. That's an insane card sold out on k6 y'all sold out k6 sold out on k7. Let's get it going seven to go on seven Like the stream like the stream we're going for we're going for a 200 tonight Aaron you're up Aaron you are up Again, only one of this is your pick if you are picking only one is your pick. Please ask to see a card Um, try to limit it so that people that have the two minutes can have their two minutes If you are not picking in this draft, please don't have to see a card again Try to save for the people that are drafting Did you nicolas? I figured I figured you would yeah, jude is a stud No, I that's I can help you. I can talk you through it, Aaron I can show you the cards again. Maybe we'll sway you PSA 992 upper deck heroes to 2,500 uh, ted williams auto auto authenticated PSA nine Uh, and then the brice young is a pinini instant to 25 Uh, rookie auto so to I think most of our knowledge the only licensed brice young rookie auto for the pinini instant rookie premier autos Appreciate it. Gabriel lane does an awesome job On every single almanac. I'm love. I'm loving this run so far The two case I've opened today Freakin awesome. That's true. Cameron is true cow going with the brice Appreciate you, Aaron. As always, uh, just need your order or zip to confirm in three six one nine Confirmed. Yeah, you should be Hopefully it was top three There we go not this time How did you not make it? How did camera not make it in top three? It's too much competition these days All right, these are crazy. Appreciate you Aaron dude. Michael s is up now All right, Michael if you want to see another card again, let me know. Yeah in a week Let us know if you play for it. Yeah They're trying to figure out how to get in the car Really forgot how to fit in the car Set up in the car the hell We'll definitely be getting bot lobbies at that point if you're in the car Yep. So the um, it's 2022 immaculate rookie shield. So it's the prime patch auto design Um, so the horizontal not the true rpa design um It is not a player worn Shield it just has not, uh Not for any specific game events. So uh non-player worn prime patch rookie auto shield Of christian watson randy watson. Yeah Coming to america Yeah, dynasty you leave sealed I would say Pretty much any encased card you get from a manufacturer The rule of thumb is to leave sealed Um, that can change depending on the product, but dynasty is one of those you probably just leave sealed But like one-on-one basketball with with like the downtowns that might be one that you would grade But again, use your rule of thumb with anything sealed for manufacturers. You leave it that way 10024 Yep. I appreciate you michael teddy ball game splendid splinter Best pilot ever. I always think of a glorious bastards when uh The scene where he has the bat. I don't want to describe it too much. I got yeah, yeah, you know, yeah, I always think of that I always think of that when I think it's a williams. Thank you, my baseball player, obviously. Thank you Him himself Also frozen heads. That's what I think of congrats my man. Congrats. Appreciate you michael gabriel c Pick again number eight I like that everyone is here for the draft this time. I love it. I can't go wrong with any of these cards, dude All very unique cards too gorgeous gorgeous couple of uh, penny and watson and then you got the fully classic ben rothas burger card here It's funny even though noir it's a noir spotlight so it's sneaker spotlight It looks like it was being like iMac, right? I think that's what the cleat autos are in in football. They're immaculate cards But it has that acetate finish makes it look like that Going with the ben Thank you again, gabriel and the 150 PSA 10 pop 3 lane said on the sign jersey Last couple Oh, never mind. Greg has both. Greg. It's both. We don't have to we don't have to Time out this. Greg is gonna get the shield of watson and the penny noir sneaker spotlight Appreciate you, Greg Yeah, jake better be careful. I'm gonna get he said he's gonna come beat me up Oh Thank you all very much. He said he's gonna beat me up


How do you let everybody know you're back without saying you're back? Well, when it's three videos in one day, that lets you know that slow season is officially over. Training camp starts tomorrow. It's the whole team there, whole squad there. Everybody, 90 men. Well, if they even have 90 men on the roster. But anyway, the Ravens added to their roster today by signing from a brown, from a raider defensive in Chris Smith. And my guy D3. See, this is why I love Team Keep It Clean because you all think way outside of the box something that I wasn't even thinking about. It didn't even cross my mind. I didn't think about it once or twice. But he said notice how these two guys, and this was obviously in a previous video, but he said notice how these two guys played for the Raiders. Is this them being in camp sort of a recon mission for us pertaining to our first game? So all the Ravens trying to get inside the info already on the... Well, I can't even say already because the game is like a month and change your way. It's really close. It's really close. I don't know, man. I don't know. I mean stuff like that does happen. I know a lot of people joke around about it, but it does happen. It's a business and everybody's not what Eric Guero said he was. Well, he was like, oh man, I'm going to the Rams, but I'm not I'm not giving up any secrets about the Ravens. Nope. I'm not saying anything. Now me personally, I didn't believe that, but hey, more power to him. But anyway, Ravens sign defensive in Chris Smith to a one year deal. This is from Jameson Hensley. He said he's 29 years old, has nine and a half sacks in seven seasons in the NFL, and last year he had one sack in eight games for the Raiders. And he was a fifth round pick in 2014, and he is now on his fifth NFL team. So shout out to Chris Smith. Welcome to the Baltimore Ravens and your first day of work. It's tomorrow. It would be tomorrow. Well, once the pen gets to paper and he passed the conditioning test and all that, his first day of work should be tomorrow. So welcome aboard. Welcome aboard. I know a lot of people were like, hey, this is not Chandler Jones trade announcement. This is not Justin Houston. This is not one of the more known names. And I know even in the the previous video now, I mess with that. So I mess with y'all so heavy, man. Again, thinking outside the box. We did the video about the visit with Chris Smith, with Dionne Jordan, and with Shalik. I know I said his name wrong. My apologies. But in the previous video, we talked about how Ravens brought those three in for a workout. But y'all, a lot of y'all, a lot of y'all. And I saw a lot on Twitter too.  And there's people in the comment section were like, oh, yeah, okay, that's this cool. But now we should really expect the Justin Houston signing announcement. Yikes. Again, Justin Houston to the Ravens. I don't think it's going to happen. I just, I don't. And again, Ravens, you think they're going this way, they end up going that way. It's funny because we actually recorded a video. I guess we'll drop it tomorrow now, just because of the timing of everything. We recorded a video, a question from subscriber there, and one of the questions in there was about Chandler Jones. And in that part of the video, I talked about how I just, I don't expect it to happen at all. I don't. It'd be nice. I wouldn't mind if it did. And it's possible that it, but I don't expect it to happen at all. Because with the Ravens, so many times, usually nine times out of 10, what everybody thinks they should do, what everybody thinks they will do, what everybody thinks would be the best fit for them, what everybody thinks will make sense for the Ravens, especially when it comes to the big name players, just doesn't usually work out, doesn't end up happening. We remember last year doing it, well, not even, not even gotta go back to last year. Let's go to this year, this off season. J.J. Watt, J.J. Watt, not he, not traded, but he gets cut from the Texans. So he's a free eight. He can go any way he wants to, any way he wants to. So some people like, okay, we didn't really had that guy at Pass Rush ever since Terrell Suggs left. Yeah, J.J. Watt is on the back end, but he can still bring some stuff. I mean, we saw what he did to Orlando Brown Jr. last year, you know, against the Texans. But anyway, what about J.J. Watt? And initially, when it was reported that he was going to be on an out in Houston, I was thinking, a trade for J.J. Watt, if they did that, yeah, okay, maybe like a fourth round pick at the highest, maybe a fifth round, but nothing higher. But then he got cut. I'm like, oh, okay, that's free.  Didn't happen. Another big name this off season, Julio, Julio Jones. Julio Jones is like, oh, man, Ravens. Yeah, they still got Hollywood. They got Boyk and Duven. They approach a Alden Boyd, Deon Cain, Benjamin Victor, then they just drafted Rashal Bateman and Tyler Wallace. But Julio is Julio. Julio's a proven guy already. And Julio would be like that guy. Like, and you give Lamar that, it just makes so much sense. And we heard about the rumors and stuff and whatnot, but obviously nothing happened. That would have made sense, but nothing happened. He could have been on a winning team, but nothing happened. Could have been on a Super Bowl rating, but nothing happened. He would have made them even more Super Bowl ready, but nothing happened. So we're used to things that, and there's can is a countless amount of other situations and times where it's happened. But Ravens, they don't tend to operate like that. They don't. And this has been their way for the longest. They don't really make the splashy moves. They don't really make the sexy moves and whatnot. That's, that's really not them. Well, unless it's usually defense, they, they could, they could make some stuff happen on defense now. And the Marcus Peters couple years back, of course, Yannick and Gakwe, of course, Kalleus Campbell last year, of course. So on defense, they like, hey, we okay, we can make some stuff happen there. But on the other side of the ball. Anyway, for, for Chris Smith, the expectations for him, I would say, just come in and work. Do your thing, man. It's definitely going to be a grind if he is going to make the roster, because nothing is set in stone right now that he is really fighting for roster spot. Come on, coming on right before training camp is going to be extremely tough for him. It's going to be very, very tough for him. It is not going to be easy at all. But he's won that first battle. He made it through the first battle. Him versus Dion Jordan, and, and Calhoun. He beat out those two, won the job from the Ravens. They like what they saw from him the most. Now that's, that's only the beginning. That's only the beginning. So now he enters a sort of probation period. And usually probation is 90 days. For those of you who have worked in corporate America before, probation period is 90 days. Sometimes it can be 60. Sometimes it can even be 30. But this case, his is 30 because it's training camp. So it's training camp and pre-season. Then after that, you either still have the job with the Ravens or you don't. And it's crazy because one of the NFL is such a cutthroat business, because they have to go from 90 men to 53. So that's what 37 people, 37 players, 37 NFL players that are with the team right now, if they do have 90 men, 37 players who are with the team, they're going to go with the team through training camp, through pre-season and all that. 37 of them will not have a job with the Ravens come their start of the regular season. And that's something that's just, it's crazy to think about. Scared to think about too. Because these are these guys' livelihoods. This is their careers. But again, this is why making an NFL is so hard. So before you be like, oh man, who is Chris Smith? Oh man, he's on his fifth NFL team. What is that? Before you like that? Remember, he's the 1% of the 1%. And again, him being a fifth round pick, his chances of making it were even lower because he got picked late. But here, he's fifth round pick in 2014. It's 2021. He's still here. Seven years later, still here. So again, he is definitely doing something right. And he obviously has something off of these teams where they keep signing him, where they continue to sign him, where they continue to bring him on and put him on. So we'll see what Chris Smith got and hope he does this thing and hope it works out for him. Shout out to y'all team. Keep it clean. I appreciate y'all. I love y'all and I'm out.


The Ministry of Health and Wellness encourages members of the public to get vaccinated and its vaccination campaign continues. The public is informed that during the week of Monday, May 3, 2021 to Saturday, May 8, 2021, the COVID-19 vaccination drive will cater to the general population for the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine as well as those receiving the second dose of the vaccine. Individuals who received the first dose of the vaccine during the week of March 8, 2021 to March 13, 2021 are encouraged to visit the vaccination site nearest to them during the upcoming week to receive the second dose. Individuals receiving the second dose of the vaccine should also walk with the vaccination card which was given when the first dose of the vaccine was administered. People are asked to walk with a form of identification to facilitate the registration process. It is also recommended to come with a light snack and water given the possibility of awaiting time to get vaccinated. The vaccination sites will be operational from 9am to 4pm. The vaccination sites for the week are as follows. Thursday, May 6, 2021, Mikko Multipurpose Centre, Darren's Army Cricket Grounds, Entrypo Human Resource Centre, Ansari Parish Centre, Friday, May 7, 2021, Philip Masler Grounds, Darren's Army Cricket Grounds, VG Sports Complex, Barbono Multipurpose Centre, Canary's Wellness Centre, Sofra Hospital Grounds, Jack Melweller Centre, Saturday, May 8, 2021, VG Sports Complex. For more information, please contact the Community Nursing Service at 468-5321 or 468-5381.


ತಮರರ್.. ಸಿ ಥಿ � ಟೂಅತುರಾ. ವ ಥ ನಿರ್.. ಪ ಚ ಡರsided ಿಕೈಯಗ. ತೆಲ ರಂಲಯರಿ. ನ ಗಳಃ ಕ ಕ ವರõಟಳಗಟ ಮ ಸಿ ಹ ರತರ್..  Kespura ṣiswara ṣlādātā pāpa ṣaskarā dāvā ṣisiṃ ribbon ṣikātā ṣiṃ adāvāma ṣikātā ṣikātā pāpāpā veagen ṣikātā pāpa ṣikātā ṣikātā ṣikātā.   e  kālā aa ṣikātā pāpa arma ṣikātā pāpa ṣikātā pāpa ṣikātā.  grund                                      ḍ Ḙᵕᵃᵃᵃᵖᵉᵎ ᶀᵇ ᵃᵃᵌᵒᵉ ᵇᵃᵝᵃᵃᵉᶂ ᵃᵃᵃᵃᶦᵃᵉᵉᵉᵉᵃᵃᵉ, ᵃ ᵃᵃᵃᵃᵃᵉ ᵃᵃᵃᵃᵉ ᵃᵃᵃᵉᵉᵉ, ᵃᵃᵃᵉᵉ ᵃᵃᵉᵉ ᵃᵃ ᵃᵃᵃᵃ ᵃᵉᵉᵉ � अने पमेग आ illustrations of reboing based on ordinary people should शाक्का लग प्ती आना ढ़ा के प्ती जह क्रत లాన నినాన నిరినికానిల౭ానో ఆర్చలాచోవిన, పనోవైరిషరానో. యరణనినితాయరటినాక౲న బానినినా. పనAU నినోతోతానో తటిడలినినానా. Suppose if these two square feet and one height, how is this event headed What is the difference of these two? Nutritional distance that is being сегодня and what are the advantages or disadvantages that the racetr Supers get from fearing at this particular height But if we foretell RC 호 nominal distance since these two levels can lift ద౰�ంస్లా పూక౏ివధపకెమంిణి.


What's up everybody JC over jazzy's case breaks calm We just sold out 2019 NT two box break Pikachu number two With this random number block for the Mets Padres Dodgers Cardinals Nationals Cubs Giants Phillies Oros and Marlins and again works like any other random number block break on our website But only for these teams in this specific break. So good luck. Let's roll the dice and it's a two and a one three times Good luck Logan down to Daniel one two and three Three times James down to James Over here. Let's go three times here on the numbers one two and three Zero down to seven James is zero so any of our dentures for these teams in this break I'm this random number block as well as eight Danny with two James with nine Brian people's with three Logan with four Matt with six Chat with five Daniel Osvaldo Muldrow any one of ones would be yours from these teams and James with seven So guys coming up a separate video NT baseball. Appreciate it guys


Hi guys, welcome to a new video. This is my week 65 updates of my fitness journey And I will tell you this week has not been the best week But I have started incorporating other workout routines in my running and stuff because the running is just getting like really hard Like I can't just like stay running for so long But my goal is to get to the 5k and then after that like I don't know We'll see about running and stuff, but I want to finish my goal, which is a 5k I'll get into the updates a little later But if you are new here, make sure you are subscribed and also follow me on Instagram and like normal We're just gonna go through what I did this week And then I'll talk to you about like updates and how this week went and then we will get into like the progress photos So starting off on Sunday. I believe I did a 40 minute workout It was the happy up and down day one of Pamela Reeves workouts week 16 And you can find all of these plans on her Instagram, but that is the workout plan You can kind of like screenshot that and that is what I did. I chose to do the happy cardio Not the other one. I really love the ab lines workout. That was so challenging. Oh my gosh but I just decided to do that workout on Sunday because I was meeting up with one of my friends to hang out and Go to the selfie world like you saw in the last video. So I still got up early I just didn't want to get up as early as if I were to run So I ended up working out like it's 7 a.m. That day Monday I did a run and I went around again like the whole block of like my neighborhood, which is really cool I ran 2.5 7 miles and I've earned 250 calories, which is really good And then I believe I did an ab workout after that. I'm not quite sure But if I had the footage I will overlay it and then on Wednesday I chose not to run because I just didn't really feel like it to be honest The run that I went on the day before it was really challenging I think that's because I actually ran a little too late in the day And it was already starting to get hot and sunny and everything I was just like really tired and like didn't want to run So I chose to do the day one booty day Which I kind of want to start incorporating more videos and everything and I'll get into that in the updates But the oh no, it's booty day Workout I did it's week 17 a Pamela Reeves workout plan and it's day one If you guys want to screenshot that that is what I did instead of the no jumping cardio or the 10-minute booty I actually did an ab workout just because I wanted to do an ab workout I want to tighten my core more because I feel like I'm just like really slacking on that and then today I ended up doing a run which was 2.57 miles and I burned 254 calories and I actually pressed like the it was too hard last time So it did like this modified run So that was the modified run and then after the run today. I did a Ab workout. It's like the muffin top one the trained waist and then I also did the an arm workout Because going into the updates I feel like my body is kind of like Regressing in a way the running's providing a good basis, you know, but like it's not as intense I don't think is some of my workout videos and I'm kind of seeing that now Because my workout videos they do like Pamela reef or Chloe Ting I feel like they're very much more high-intensity and like use a lot of muscle and like you burn calories like faster I don't know if that's true or not, but that's just like what I'm feeling in my body So when I tried to do some video workouts before like before this week because I think I tried to incorporate some I could barely get through them because running and doing the video workouts and stuff They always different muscle groups, which I'm now seeing and I don't want to lose my skill and ability to like Do my workout videos because I honestly prefer those better than running. It's just a personal preference I don't mind running and I do like it all right But if I don't want to get up so early like I want to have something that I enjoy and everything So I can do all of those workouts at my house in the air conditioning and I can do them at any time So that is just one note I made I can barely get through some of the video workouts and like I just don't think that's okay And that's why I'm gonna start incorporating them more. Oh, I already kind of touched on this But I had to say that run on Monday was just too hard because it really was like I could not finish that Well, I finished it But like I just keep on taking breaks during like when I was supposed to be running and then I also touched on this as Well, I'm doing the videos because I feel like they help keep me toned and running it really doesn't I can tell the running really helps my legs because when I do like the leg workouts in the videos I don't have a problem with that as much like the booty the legs or whatever But like anything with the abs like I'm getting a little soft here And I hate saying that because it's like it's not that bad But like I just I was doing so well if you guys know what I mean that I don't want to like fall behind anymore And I've noticed too which I do realize that my time of the month is coming up So this could be playing a role in it But a lot of my weight is like congregating around my hip area And I don't know if that's because I haven't been doing a lot of side planks and stuff But I'm just like not feeling this except my lower body is like popping off But like the rest of my body is not so much and then I also incorporate an arm workout This was the first arm workout I have done since my Like my sore biceps And that was like I think over three weeks ago So I'm going to start incorporating more arm workouts in my workouts and days and everything And so I can get back to being strong in the upper body because I'll tell you when I was doing the upper body Workout today and that was like one of her like medium to like beginner videos I think my arms hurt so bad like I could not keep them up and stuff So I just want to get back to kind of where I was before and work on the Center of my body because it was looking like so good and then the running I just don't think is like helping me in that area And that's a area of focus that I want to start working more on and that was like originally my focus for this year But unfortunately it just like hadn't been going so hot So anyway with that being said the progress photos that you're gonna see in like right now Aren't gonna be like too drastic, but you can see like my hips are like whiter. I don't know why Again, I just don't think running is doing anything for like weight loss per se So that's why I'm just like about it I'm like I mean like I was originally wanted to try it just to see what it would do to my body And I feel like my body's kind of getting used to running because I am running for a lot longer than I Ever have before but it's just like I don't know so I think my body's just kind of getting used to it and stagnant And I can't have that so anyway. Yeah, this is the front view So on the left is Alex at the beginning of year two and then on the right is current Alex and then here is the side view of that and Honestly, like I'm a lot less bloated in this picture. So I'm happy about that It's just like I don't know why I just feel like I'm getting a little wider But we'll see um, I think that is going to be about it for this video If you guys have anything to comment comment down below Something fun for me to reply to make sure you give this video a thumbs up subscribe to my channel And I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye


Everything in our world is connected through sounds we can't always hear. For example, did you know that bees actually work together by making sounds in a special musical note? Yeah, they buzz using a special key called C to build their homes. Let me take you on a journey to explore the mind-blowing power of sound and frequency. In modern medicine, doctors are zapping cancer cells with super high-pitched sounds between 100,000 and 300,000 Hz to be exact. And the best part is that they do it without harming a single healthy cell. If you are struggling to focus while studying or working, well, there's a tone for that. The 40 Hz sound is like a brain's best friend, helping you concentrate and get stuff done more efficiently. Who needs coffee when you have sound? Some say that a 432 Hz tone, unlike the standard 440 Hz used in most western music, can chill us out and balance our emotions.


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It's great something special, you know something that I had to thank God for that Some of six years that I've been retired already And be here for the first time after my last pitch here amazing amazing when's the last time you threw from the mound Oh, I was throwing the other day about two weeks ago Trying to warm up and try to see if I can trust right. I don't know if I can try or not Michael case said that you told him that you think you can still get people out at the big league level Ever a temptation to come back. No, no, no no temptation at all to come back.  You have a huge day coming up. Have you written the speech yet? Working on it working on it.  I'm looking forward to that. Yes It will be amazing. Mariano. Thanks for the time. Thank you


And the Coalition of Northern Youth Support Groups and the All Progressive Youth Stakeholders Forum have endorsed the candidacy of Abubakar Sadiq Saad Fakai for the position of National Organising Secretary of the All Progressive Congress. The convener Mohammed Kishinga announced this during a press conference in Abuja. He called on leaders of the party to consider loyalty, experience, equity and fairness before electing the next set of members of the National Working Committee in the forthcoming convention. Since the inception of the All Progressive Congress, KB State has never been opportuned to produce a member of the All Progressive Congress National Working Committee. We therefore consider this as appropriate for these manifests. We hereby advocate that in the consideration of KB State for this important National Working Committee position, we demand that youth should occupy the position of the National Organising Secretary of our great party. It is on this note that all of us whole-heartedly endorse the candidature of Honourable Abubakar Sadiq Saad Fakai as the National Organising Secretary of the All Progressive Congress. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


of America. Dr. Joe Biden. She's a professional. She's an educator.  It's unique. Again and again, I hear the same thing that you're proud of your family service, but you miss. So we're flexibility. I love what I do as a secretary of the program and appreciate the people I work with. I was able to get the opportunity to support risk for safety, protect the safety of Americans all across the world and all around the bend and over any country to see how you work. This is a resilience and a matter to our nation's safety and security. Supporting our military veterans family is not just a moral period. It's a national security period.


What's up guys Michael and Teddy here with Jaspie's doing a quick recap for 2023 tops chrome jumbo 4 box half case break pick your team number two, which was auction style on fanatics live Shouldn't switch it real quick. These were the teams In case you forgot switch it back here Starting off with just some of the rooks and refractors show haze and the cuneas Again into some of the color Bellinger estuary Ruiz at a 199 and allow touch Stevenson and Taylor Ward Relic was actually had two of the same relic Alex Breckman Going to the Astros and the autos dermis Jordan Diaz Ashcraft Jordan Groshan's gold wave to 50 von Grissom to 299 Michael Bush to 199 Another group Jordan gross and gross hands out of 199 and orange David Hensley beautiful second Yeah at a 25 and a gram Ashcraft out of 250 that does it for this recap. Thank you to everyone who got into the break Thank you to everyone who watched and I'll see you guys in the next one. Bye guys