What's up world? It's your girl, Jiggly Boos. Jiggly Boos. Jiggly Boos. Listen, it's the message right here. Black boy, tell me how you really feel. Because I just want to build with you.  I want to keep it real with you. I want to live better, eat better. I want to love better, sleep better. Yeah. Jiggly Boos. Jiggly Boos. Mixed Sugar Tips. Let's start there, Ms. Jiggly. What inspired that name? Jiggly Boos. Mixed Sugar Tips. What did that come from?  So what did it come from? Hold on, hot chicks want to bang you. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Jiggly Boos. Literally, all it was was I saw this meme on the internet where this guy he was on this mailing list and he just made that his wife's name so that her mail would come back with that name on it. And I was like, this is hilarious. The childish in me was like, hmm, and it was around the time where I wanted to make an Instagram too and I was like, ooh, what a good username. So let me just use this joke and you know, I made it and then I realized you couldn't change it. So, yeah. You care? I don't think you can, can you? I do like TikTok. You have to wait a couple of, like you can only change it once every couple of weeks or something like that. But I don't know, maybe Instagram is different. I'm just not big on social media so I don't really know like what username you can change in camp I don't think you can change the Instagram one You would have to make it a new page? Yeah, I probably would have to make a new one. And that's just too much work. What's been the response to your DMs and comments and things like that? Have people reacted to that name? I always get embarrassed when guys ask me for my Instagram because it's like, I know I have to type that in but usually they just have the reaction you have they just laugh and it's like I give them that whole story and it's like I have to let them know. No, it's not only fans name it's just a joke and I'm childish. You could do like an only fan slash comedy career. Jiggly Boobs make sugar tits coming up for laughs and boobs. Jiggly for sure, just tell me Jiggly. Jiggly. Miss Jiggly. Miss, make sugar tits. What we were talking about yesterday with you asked me would men be put off by my Instagram presence? Or how I present myself on Instagram? Let's have that conversation. How do you feel about how you present yourself on Instagram and what would or what kind of reaction do you expect from men? I feel like guys instantly think that think only fans when they see my Instagram username which is understandable but then when they see the pictures or some of the pictures accompanied with that it's kind of hard for me to gauge because like we had the conversation yesterday as well you know I just recently got some work done on my body right and I think I showed you any pictures of how I used to look before then but I used to be overweight and I'm talking about just straight legs running up back just nobody just straight cardboard just pancakes back there you know so when I got my body done it just opened up like this new found confidence for me and so like I liked I would never wear nothing like this you know before I did what I did so like it's difficult for me to to gauge what is I guess quote unquote appropriate and was kind of like pushing the line like I don't want guys to think I'm a stripper or anything but I don't know I guess it depends on perception because I don't feel like I have anything on my Instagram that says she you know is the only fans girl or you know I don't think that's what my Instagram conveys I think it just conveys confident beautiful young woman who is you know happy about very body positive and confident in how she looks and that's something that I cherish like that's something that's important to me because I didn't always have that you know so it's just difficult like I feel like people that naturally are of a love choose don't care about it so they might cover up a little bit more but I never had so I like show it off a little bit but um I'm not like we had the conversation I guess I just think when I get older when I'm starting to push 30 maybe and I want to do a little bit of rebranding that's when I might just go ahead and make that other page and just use that name yeah but for now like I feel like I just want to enjoy this enjoy Jiggly like I just want to be Jiggly for a minute can I just get two years and just show it off okay so when you reached out and talked about wanting to add a more modern modern woman slash young woman perspective to the concept and you're relatively young so what do you mean by that number one and what are you curious about as it relates to your perspective on this so technically I'm Gen Z right born in 1998 and I just think I think there's some disparities between like my generation Millennials Gen X and so far and beyond with how we look at relationships and I think it's just as the line has shrinkled down I just think it's gotten worse and worse and like we were talking about my generation it's just kind of like wow when it comes to the whole relationship dynamic and the whole I don't need a man or I don't need a woman so like we got it bad like we we on that heavy and I'll say it's more so coming from the women side like the young women you know I'm in college so I'm around like a lot of young girls I'm around girls that's my age 24 and even younger 23, 22, 21, 20 and like we all pretty much it's all just the same thing and I know if it's being pushed on us quote unquote or it's just the whole we never saw what we should aspire to we never saw those relationships and so many of us come from less than desirable circumstances right and I think it's just it's detrimental not only for future generations but for us in the future because there's a very big possibility that we're gonna be some sad old cat ladies it's fun now cause you know we fine now like we attractive now we you know beat the phase go to the club guys buying drinks chasing us down the street like that whole fruity privilege thing like it's great now but it can only last for so long and I don't think everybody thinks about the fact that it can only last for so long because a lot of young people don't think about the future they don't think about their life as far as we're gonna be in 10, 20, 30 years and it's bad it's so bad I wanna talk about my friends cause I love them to death but some of the music that we listen to all the rappers, all the female rappers it's all the same message use a man for his money cheat do what you wanna do stay in the streets go out party it's a lot about just being selfish and being self-centered and less about what you can give and what you can build and what you can do for your community it's more about self-serving and what you can do for you so do you think it's um cause this is a question I get a lot a certain group of people believe it's they don't know any better a certain group of people believe they know better they just don't care which one do you think it is do you think y'all don't know any better or y'all know better you just don't care we know better and we just don't care we know better and we just don't care explain we know better well maybe I should say it's kind of a mixture of both cause some really don't some really are ignorant some people come from a long line of city girl hood and so they they don't know to what's out there like you just don't know what you don't know so but some of us as we get older you know we start to see our friends get married and they start to see what their life is about I mean it's difficult I feel like girls more so my age know better but coming into like the late teens to about 21 you don't um no that's a difficult question


Everybody force here uping Sunday fund a NFL 25 box immaculate honors football makes a random team style You can always find the random results on your screen right now at late sports cards calm Let's go ahead and get started. Yeah, I'll say the Keynes I but I think whoever wins that that series is the whoever wins Rangers Devils And then whoever plays the can the Keynes whoever wins that series against the Keynes I think wins the wins the Stanley Cup beliefs. I just can't believe I There's I think gold tending is an issue for them Josep Rios versus Corey Kluber. That's fun classic a central match. All right, Von I guess I'll just check the box score and that one's over. I'm not why would I watch that? Let's start with rookies and stars 2022 rooks and stars. Good luck everybody. Sounds like a 2017 a central division Game 163 Starting off with the Romeo Dobbs on the rookie auto to 299 Packers They start for you Packers nailer to 175 for the Vikings to get the nailer Burrow airborne Yeah, cracking up to call on the power play Almost ended the second Drake London dress for success Jersey Auto. There you go for the Falcons to 99 Ricky Jersey Auto We saw a box here got airborne Ritter. There you go Falcons again. That's to 50 on the blue airborne You take a coochie versus how George Kittle Jersey card for the 49ers to 149 to 49 James Conner Cardinals Herbert thrillers to 175 Debo Samuel Niners Crusade Breeze Hall Jets number two 149 Saw Skarner dual Jersey card Jets number to 249 silver crusade digs Seems always happens able Minnesota teams. Yeah, I don't know what it is Minnesota teams in the playoffs Airborne Breeze Saints in 99 don't mix Yeah, Timberwolves Got the old gentleman sweep Twins wins just haven't won a playoff game since 2000 whatever Donner's hobby Matt Strom is a starter. What why? Yeah, who did that? Phillies That desperate blow Wheeler Sora Is Strom any good Not bad Oh color all I got one back in the power play. Uh-oh Matt Stromboli Matt Stromboli Debo Jamo rated rookie Watt wrote of the Super Bowl Allen Josh Allen a bonito rated rookie red press proof Broncos the rookies saw Skarner Portrait Pierre Strong jr. Yeah, why did he get more than One pitch to 49 rated rookie portrait auto Ada Hutchinson lion's nice Maybe we'll see the Santa. Maybe we'll see the Santa Claus downtown here Jerome uh pulled the Santa downtown Got that business the front really? Yeah, dang dude here No, he just uh, okay. He told me yesterday He takes him home or like I guess Jeremiah Osu Koremoa press proof to 25 for the Browns So we bought him a thing One of the pull it Garrett Wilson elite series Jerrick McKinnon What are you talking about Jerrick McKinnon? No, you mean Nathan McKinnon. Uh, okay. I see what you do there. Uh Kray and the boys Sam Hal portrait Jabbo, you know the blues are in the playoffs lead series Najee Harris to see the see the undrafted QB I'm I mean, I'm I don't really have an opinion on it. I guess it's cool I see the Louisville QB. Yes Okay, yeah, I'm fine with that Maybe he'll become something lead series picket Rogers Calvin Austin the third Kirk Cousins die cut to 75 Vikings Rod Woodson on the jersey card for the Steelers to 199 Power plays Lawrence. Sorry power plus Lawrence George Pickens on the rated rookie So who's the chase in uh In football products next year is it going to be young shroud or Richardson? Brett Lorenzo farve On the full name there See he tried to get that case against them thrown out And the judge was like nah, dude You guilty af got Drake London Danny Gray I think Richard I think we'll get love too because he's got hype. I think young young and shroud probably already have it baked in being one and two pick Got champions rams card Especially especially Bryce young I think being number one overall I feel like that team should be decent The panthers the panthers can be some like if if if Bryce young is like ready to go right away Like that team is gonna be good It's 420 Kaderis Tony Giants or why do Kyle can't get over that Brett Lorenzo far? Uh missing name plate of Eli Mitchell Niners Yeah Yeah, I don't I don't know what he's up to Felix, but it ain't good. It's just gonna get worse for him Which is okay. It's deserved. It should get worse for him Uh, let's do Tenders play books do some tendies See some tendies Some 19-tendies Collect all the qbs sit wait and see that sounds expensive. Jacob. It's a good idea. It sounds expensive Big time investment Yeah, that's I think the like the panthers have like a decent o-line. They brought in vet receivers for What's his name? They got miles Sanders like They're pretty interesting like right off the bat. I'm like their defense is pretty good. So Like it the NFC south is gonna be a pretty interesting It might not be super exciting, but it's gonna be interesting and a ufc players or uc ucf players get picked What happens Jordan love cards wins the first day games of the year they go up in value Paul Jordan love cards already one of the value, but yeah, if he wins the first if they get go eight No, then yes, they will go up in value is uh, usually Usually how it goes Yeah, car will be an interesting watch for sure Oh, that's bs. That's a lie. That's no we're none were picked multiple undrafted creations side Dude, that's rigged. That's rigged. No ucf players picked rigged chase winovitch patriots On the rookie ticket auto Gerald McCoy panthers nfl ink. How does that make you feel a panthers Gerald McCoy auto? That is interesting. It's $1.99. It is interesting, right? How long is he even there? For long when did he leave the box? He went to Seattle first, right? Elise Mack rookie ticket auto for the Saints. I I don't know I honestly don't know. I should know this Guys I should know this Ugo Amati on the rookie ticket auto seahawks He was never in Seattle. Who am I thinking of? I'm thinking of someone else He was in carolina for one year Ah, AJ Green on the championship ticket to 99 Bengals And then he went to the Rams One game and 21 Almost got a city woman Almost It's an auto, right? Yeah, I'm gonna be an expired redemption here Uh, DK Metcalf expired DK Metcalf rookie ticket rps Um, so panini may have that but you'll have to get in contact with them basically unfortunately seahawk spots It's up to panini now Let's do 2022 contenders hobby now Man, Sean Payton really did the Saints dirty with that taste on hill deal. Good lord Left him for dead All right guys, let's get em in this filled up three to go Jared Bernhardt rookie ticket auto falcons Supernatural London got picket rookie the year contender Tony Gonzalez game date ticket Hey, what's up cap? Hope you're doing well Chub Johan Dotson commanders rookie ticket rps on card there Burrow silver ticket Patriots pierce strong junior on the auto it's a 99 I thought that pack was a little bit heavier. There you go Pat silver ticket Got round numbers one two three top four five six bottom for the rest of the contenders boxes here There's a five gonna go bottom for the rest of these unless there's an auto or one of one Round numbers go bottom Connor Hayward rookie ticket out of for the Steelers Didn't he see the field a bit last year Vaughn gonna roll a number Roll a die one two three left four five six right for the contender series here I'm gonna go right on these Right on the contender series They do Vaughn they take a running back in the middle in the middle of the draft They replace the guy they don't keep it's gonna happen around drain like in like two years chance Campbell rookie ticket out of for the Titans Or I guess a couple years here Unless they can keep on a cheaper deal JJ Watt playoff ticket to one 99 cardinals All right, 2021 contenders. I'll be now let's do that. Just keep going with the contenders here I mean he'd probably probably they're number one tight end right away right rookie auto gregor so bills Seems pretty solid right? What is your first rounder? Yeah It seems pretty good him and the and is it mayor for the the Notre Dame Titans? Those two seem the best for sure Yeah, I'm guessing so Orange a point trans everybody at the ends It does seem like a pretty good draft class like Jalen Carter fell to like What he falls to like 10 That's crazy Considering the offseason thing Sure did Kenneth Gainwell eagles on the rookie ticket rps Supernatural Mahomes Yeah, there wasn't like a true null like number one like elite receiver can't miss prospect, which is why what? Seth and G. What was the first one to go? Zay flower Was in juba before him 20 was in juba See flowers one before that rookie ticket auto karen biner for the Vikings would he go like 18 or something? Warren sap to 10 power play flower players for the uh bucks Oh, no, it was It was in juba Yeah, Marvin Harrison general for sure be a top five pick Yeah, see how I picked 20 Okay Ernest round the fourth rams rookie ticket auto contenders box words huff. All right Got it. We got a turn of the rounds. Let's do phoenix hobby hybrid from 2022. Yeah, and then they traded for one a day Day later As well Got red de hop cardinals. This one's to 125 contours brady tonio gibson shot white on the rookie velocity, I guess Got the olavé rookie purple rookie khalil Shakira bills. This one's out of 99 What up trash? You just say your famous tagline Got red rookie cameron thomas for the cardinals number to 150 mac jones flamedovers Another week. All right. All right Rookie orange charlie culler 75 you go ravens Fire nice rookie karson strong eagles number to 50 green rookie desmond ridder to 25 nice card falcons jamo rookie rising purple olavé saint's nice rookie here. This one's to 99 Kenny picket base and the rookie cam tailor brit there on the velocity As last three on eminence.  Let's do 2021 chronicles hobby Trask buccaneers on the auto number 275 rookie auto bucks Qb1 399 dack prescott cowboys We'll see would you agree jake? Jake do I have your photo covenants for kyle trash qb1? Oh man I want him to be but I just don't think he'll be able to be not be gondae I don't think he's quite there yet. All right number one hater of kyle trash is jake to 49 dack prescott That's what you heard it here folks magnitude speaking the truth reality of the situation going with baker I mean, I would giants odis anderson on the auto number 250 Yeah, I mean i've trapped i've trapped again to do it this year. It's his 30 years. So that's that's pretty much that maybe they'll start trash and then See how it does and then if you yeah Or the other way, yeah To 49 Elijah more jets rookie It the leash will be short either way I mean either or starts prison black rookie silvery and buck Saints Orange coming up is jamar chase nice flux jamar chase orange number to 75 10 of 75 Sincey if trash can't do it trash. Oh, man.  So it's yeah, it's all right. What do you let's let's see something now I I know I'm sorry Yeah, Kyle Kyle's not happy about that one. He's a bucks fan, right? Yeah, okay. How's the bucks fan? Are you are you a lightning fan too? Or what do you fall hardy? He's lightning fan.  Let's do some playbook now Oh boy. Oh boy. I should not have said that. Oh, no What's up, Sean? I should have known he was lurking dude All right, we got two 2022 playbook and two 2021 playbook 22 first What's up, Sean? This this it's it's a trashy night the ruins losses. It's a super trashy night I feel like trash Justin Jefferson jewel jersey to 199 vikings Seahawks jersey card to 99 Kenneth Walker the third Broncos Jerry, Judy auto to 49 Yeah, I don't think anybody does Felix I don't think anybody does John Mets you the third at 299 on the rookie jersey auto book for the Texans I don't think anybody leaves in Todd Bowles the head coach and coach defense. We know we know that Yeah, he just can't Cannot cannot be a head coach. I just can't do much else I don't know why the plan was to move to him as soon as Arians wanted to like not be the head coach anymore Like I can't I can't believe that I couldn't tell you That that was the that that was the decision that was made I guess they wanted to keep familiar faces on the sideline, but come on now George Pickens at 25 on the patch card for the Steelers He can't even run a clock right or Manage a clock got McAfrey patch card to 49 for the Niners No, Zyba. That's just like my whole family's from there Trabisky auto to 15 for the Steelers. Trabisky Jake and ice. Trabisky auto and like one Thornton at 299 on the rookie jersey auto book Patriots All right, 2021 now Colorado tied it up No way Abs ain't abs ain't going down. They're probably they're probably taking the game now All right, here we go. It's 2021. We got Givante Williams rookie jersey at 299 Broncos Pat's mac jones ricky jersey to 75 Colt signature routes michael pittman jr. In the jersey out of the 199 About one of these cards for uh, oh the topside It's offside. Oh, that's coming back. They're reviewing that. That's coming back Colts, dude One of one almond Ross st. Brown nike swoosh patch auto book Ha ha lions. That's nasty That's just nasty Here you go. One of one mickey swoosh auto book almond Ross st. Brown lions rookie Oh, that's for sure. No goal.  That is wow. That's a neat. That's one of the easier ones, too I'm surprised that was missed I'm just surprised they missed that call honestly I feel bad for like the fans and everybody there But that wasn't caught no a fan on the jersey card at 99 for the Broncos Yeah, me too, buddy me too, buddy Andrew Luck jersey to 75 for the Colts. That was game worn down and dirty Dax Milne commanders rookie auto to 99 VR would say it's good and Zach Wilson to 99 rookie jersey auto book for the Jets, dude. What a couple of boxes like Like, yeah, I know Zach Wilson, but he's a second overall pick from that year And then we had a one of one almond Ross. So I mean like that's that's that's still pretty sick, man Great couple of boxes 2021 playbook Obviously Wilson Not the biggest hit anymore, but again second overall pick qbrpa book. So um Where to go now Where to go now? What what what do now? What do we do now? Yeah, hopefully hopefully uh, Wilson could take away, you know, some stuff all Rogers is there His career is not over, you know, at least not yet. So he's got he's got he's got some time He's got some time never said that Wilson started over Rogers. I just said his career is not over Yeah Sorry, trying to move on from that. Anyway, uh Let's do obsidian I'll give you some time to think with some obsidian here I mean, it's a good thing for Wilson that Rogers is there like it buys him time and gives him like Time to show like improvement as like a You know as a quarterback It's better than it is bad for him. What is going on here two die cuts. What the heck? Tunnel vision Richard Sherman to 50 for the Seahawks A supernova contra Debo Samuel Niners Yeah, I know what's expecting Rogers coming to like teach the kid a mentor the kid, but Just be just be good and like You just gotta hope Wilson can learn. That's that's all it is side channeler Odds are against Wilson. He doesn't he doesn't horrible start to his career, but you know Jersey card Devontae Adams Raiders That one's out of 100 Seahawks Derrick young rookie Otto to 199 You commander Sam Howell rookie Otto to 75 Rogers Rogers at the next game today. Got next to him. I know probably a shroom dealer Village Jones jr. It's a 99 rookie dual jersey Otto bears Yeah, he shoved flashes his rookie year for sure So i'm not sure what exactly clicked the wrong like the wrong way like what Like made his mentality just kind of end up like that. I don't know I don't know Maybe it was always like that. Maybe he just didn't show up his rookie years much Who knows Let's move on to some 2022 prism. No huddle. Actually, let's do the limited boxes. Let's do limited 2022 and 2021 limited Alan Lazardo's next stone. Okay. I don't think Alan Lazard is a drug dealer I don't think that at all Rogers is at the rangers game. Yeah, I feel like Rogers is gonna be a New York guy now He's gonna he's gonna start talking like all those people on the coat like Coney island stuff Wanda Robinson on the rookie patch auto jumbo silver spotlights for the giants on the redemption One of one Derek Stingley jr. Rookie Otto Texans Great hit Texans another one of one that one magnet, of course Jersey card Aaron Rogers Packers Cooper cup to 99 rams 2021 limited now. That was a pretty good box It's been a while since I've seen a trevor out of one of these 2049 Debo Niners All right, here's the guy we're talking about Aaron Rogers on the patch card to 25 for the Packers Now one does now how many seasons until Aaron Rogers becomes a viking now? Screej RPA to 49 Seahawks Screej And dolphins out here you go Sean Irving Friar to 199 Irving Friar dolphins out at a 199. Oh jeez Eddie. Hope that doesn't happen All right now we're gonna do a huddle Two boxes of 2022 prism no huddle I guess a little bit skull like I know he's great rookie Really finished the season strong especially I don't like keep up with like I don't know what you might keep up with like I don't call him on instagram and like All that Dean you got a red CD lamb cowboys 48 to 50. I thought causes had some more years too I honestly don't know how many years he has rookie fireworks disco pickin steelers Cook hamilton bryan cook chief's rookie number to 79 Rucker got locked down joy bosa julian love Uh, I don't I don't keep up with like I don't keep up with college sports like period pretty much Disco prism break is kyle pits Willis javon holland purple dolphins to 35 Drake london rookie auto there you go falcons purple quentin nelson colts that one's out of 35 It is last year. I got you rookie variation discos emir white raiders walter jones Walter white as an offensive lineman. I am the one who blocks See you see jake rookie disco collard gordon for the bears. I am the one you see jake you see All right guys eminence. Let's get it filled up three to go Breaks after the mixture everybody hits Everybody Blue dac prescott cowboys number 79, but only because I actually watched the Mandalorian I'd never watched Breaking Bad I don't watch the show the shows jake, you know this fire disco jesson herbert davante wyatt disco jayre alexander emergent aden hutchinson ricky disco marlin herfrey All right one more no huddle prism break garrick wilson ricky disco for the jets Jake Ferguson ricky disco cowboys Yeah, I don't have time to watch it Kyle On the opposite table. There's I don't have any time to binge right away. I can only do once a week Elie zappy blue disco dj more panthers to 79 I would never I would if I if there were like shows like that like That people would binge right away. I would lose my attention span would be honestly gone Like I get I would get like three or four in in one day and then I'd Go like a week or two and it would just slip my mind. I would never watch it ever again Brilliant disco erin donald disco jonathan taylor for shod white buccaneers in the ricky auto Bucks kenneth walker the third gino smith on the disco see there's skull Disco hypo mac jones easy conma disco t higgins I've got to table that makes sense then Yeah, totally different then Blue disco tana hell titans that one's out of 79 Yeah, totally different situation. I get that ricky disco immersion drake london falcons Oh, yeah, I get the binging thing. I totally get it. I would too if I Wasn't busy just about every day the 79 ricky blue disco london taylor saint's I'll thought i'm like crazy busy, but it's like always something going on, you know grease hall jesson jefferson flashback disco vikings in a nick bosa Disco fireworks nick chub danny gray got reds to fun gilmore cults to 50 I just missed the variation Laugh this here it is alec pierce working variation cults Into mario davis Let's do 21 mosaic choice All right, 2021 mosaic choice now Come on, nebula I think so silver dk seahawks mosaic roblo niners derek johnson on the chief's auto bright yellow choice Hey, I appreciate his eye There's no huddle in choice Choice it's just a it's just different variation basically so you get different parallels But no huddle typically has like discos and there's like Like one auto like one less auto sometimes and choice is just Typically it's a lot fewer cards and just all different parallels essentially But every time there's a different than like a hobby or like a retail. There's always different parallels essentially That's that's the gist Oh, we got a black and gold So there's limar jackson 80 for the ravens the red and yellow that's number to 80 black and gold tom brady Patriots five of eight. Let's go Super Bowl mbps I used to go I was mbp. That's why he's the goat the goat drew in with the pats That's awesome That's uh, 51. That was the uh the comeback against the falcons Yep, exactly the right team Running yellow montgomery to 80 for the bears um Red and green rookie nikko collins texans and jared dokes dolphins. I needed that to cheer me up a little bit See that uh super bowl champion right there. All right So Two to go on eminence everybody two to go nice Put that on facebook and then we shall keep going 2021 contenders optic Maybe i'm out of the old fashion way. I got run over by lexus This is a parking wreck No parking wreck. All right. All right. I know like of it. I know like chris pratt's in it I know uh we'll see you again nick offerman. Yes, I've got trash there Chas serrat rookie ticket auto vikings And panthers rookie ticket auto blue is terrace marshal jr. To 30 Go panthers Uh, john ralfio is the best character. We've got a red derrick henry for the titans 275 And pink x's and o's mohomes and tyron matthew to 75 for the uh chiefs What a huge hit there. Let's do 2022 impeccable photo John ralfio is the best Kyle gets it talk about goats. Yeah, john ralfio. That's right Let's get that eminence filled up y'all. All right. So again in every impeccable first offline You do get a silver bar auto every single one. So that's what that is I Got nazi harris to 75 Going to the stealers. There's a red parallel here Yes red parallel first off the line t higgins six of eight Bengals Burnout of 25 bangles also five of 25 Panthers rpa matt corral to 99 Lions malcom rodriguez rookie auto to 35 Rams now immense patch auto cooper cup six of 10. That's sick I built apple that should be a name plate. That should be the k I would assume That might be something else. I'm not quite sure But yeah, it should be name plate Looks like it would be the k but if it's upside down it might like that looks thicker than that for some reason There we go. Congrats rams. Get that one magged and colts Reggie wane on the auto to 99 Nice hit colts couple great couple great receivers there cup and uh wane I think usually to the john I would say so how many wanes do you know, you know what I mean? And commander silver bar rookie auto jahan dot since seven of 19 first off the line You'll commanders. Congrats on that. That's sick NFL shield on that one All right 2022 iMac photo Two of these actually all right. We got green first off the line parallel corrie davis at 23 jets color match What's going on there? Yeah Rookie patch partial panther logo matt corral That is just says logo. She says logo. I thought I was gonna find out what kind of patch was his logo. Well, yeah I was gonna give like hat or something like that That's pretty sick either way. There you go panthers Jumbo patch to 25 tj watt sealers I don't know eddie the only two wanes i've seen that are famous. They got to be related Rookie patch nice numbers here to 10 tray mcbride cardinals Rams again here prime patch auto eric dickerson to 49 Legend action there And green first off the line numbers rpa That's to 18 vila stone jr. Bears The numbers thing is funny because the first off the line. It's always to 18 anyway But if it was like the regular it would be to 12 because that was his number That's interesting like that. All right. One more of those Let's see a big name on the patch auto this time. All right last spot on eminence see Green photo darren waller to 23 raiders Dude, look at this one.  That's sick my home's clearly immaculate jersey to 99 chiefs Eagles nukobi dean on the uh rookie auto to 10 Got an eye black rpa to 99 lions adan hutchinson nice hutch And another numbers green rpa first off the line to 18 is ty quanthor and patriots with the partial flying elvis Here he is All right, well, I guess we're on to 2021 imac first off the line now Yeah box of 2021 imac photo Wow, are we well all right got green baker to 23 browns first off the line Davis mills on the rookie jumbo logo patch. Yeah It's a 13 for the Texans Or another sleeve Triple patch auto bangles t-higgins to 99. Yeah 2021 imac there those I'm like, oh, this is from the previous year. What is the previous year? Bo Jackson jumbo patch out of the 25 raiders Nice bow a little light on the auto up there I'm trying to get you like a good look at that though.  I would think I would hope for him And hope for the buck spot in this let's do 2020 honors hobby Brian Robinson jr. Rookie for the commanders since the 75 Kyler Murray to 24 of 20 for the for the Cardinals Rookie auto Brian Robinson jr. Commander 7 to 25 Solid hit there and pretty cool one here. We've got a what year is that 2000? Yeah, 2000 playoff momentum recollection collection auto Curtis martin jets 10 of 10 That is really cool. There you go on the buyback Jets really cool hit there Curtis martin He's got he's got one of the nicer signatures and football cards Uh, let's do we'll finish with honors funnel. We'll do 2020. I'm at first 2020 immaculate Come on. Let's see a burrow or a herbert or a Hertz Or two or jettus All right, I'm in and sold out. That's awesome Davenkirk number 230 or 63 of 60 at 360 sorry for the Vikings jumbo jersey will Broncos to 49 Player worn to rel Davis NFL shield one of one davante parker dolphins Is game worn? Game worn NFL shield davante parker. Yeah Miami that is sick, man Tyler with the dolphins. Yeah a game worn NFL shield Uh, this part of a group break so the bow is not for sale. It's fire game worn I don't know the last time I pulled the game worn shield.  Congrats on that one again. Tyler Tyler M All right Foto honors What are we about to see what are we about to see? This is a mere white rookie for the Raiders. This one is out of 75 And commanders johann dottson purple first off the line rookie 4 of 12 Purple rookie auto garret wilson. Congrats jets to a 15 There we go jets garret wilson rookie auto to 15 The last set of the break is going to dallas. It's a one-of-one recollection collection isekiel elliott auto A 2016 select card Very nice zik one-of-one hand numbered recollection collection auto Okay, we just have one random to do only one points card, which is pretty good considering. We just opened 25 boxes So let me put all the teams in a randomizer here and we'll see who's gonna get them 400 That is a four. There's a three over here. All right seven times Whoever's up top gets them one two three four five six and seven Steelers all right recap time I'm gonna start with one of the bigger hits, but I just want to have jacob time to get it put away It's a one-of-one rookie nike swoose patch auto playbook Almond raw st. Brown that we'll get that one put away safely for your lions. Congrats. I'm on raw one-of-one So stacks All right, you got uh relics of mahomes wat Danny gray, which is sick logo there Matt corral in the logo as well mcbride terrell davis sauce gardener kittle rodwoodson at lance Justin jefferson and kandith walker the third christian mccaffrey is a 49er Pickens givante williams. No offense as a bronco Uh mac jones andrew luck game warren patch davante adams has a raider aron rogers and aron rogers abs on the verge here Got autos of romeo dobs drake london Aidan hutchinson dk matt calf redemption expired for the seahawks. That is his rookie ticket rps So again, you you have to go with benign. It's it's it's in their hands now basically so you have to get with benign seahawks over there got winovitch amadi alize mac jelma coy is a panther chance camble jared burnhardt connor hayward jahan dotson pierre strong jr. Silver ticket Ernest brown the fourth camron bynum greg russo kandith gainwell a kyle trask from 2021 Otis anderson jerry judy metro trebisky michael pitman jr dax mille derek young vielish jones jr sam howell A wandale robinson rookie patch auto jumbo silver spotlights redemption for the giants that have limited Irving fryer A duane escridge rishad white drake london derrick johnson chas sarah terris marshall jr reggie wane matt corral malcom rodriguez adan hudgensen yet eric dickerson vielish jones jr and tyquan thorton nicobi dean t higgins darren waller bow jackson kyle trask jeff saturday cam acres and jake from god patriots playbook tyquan thorton texans john matchy the third jet zack wilson black and gold brady for the pats five of eight from 2021 was a choice superval mvps there This one just didn't fit in the top loader davis mills the 13 got silver bar rookie auto johann dottson commanders from impeccable first off the line bryan robinson jr as well rookie auto commander some honors to 25 Got garet wilson to 15 jets or sorry to 12 jets rookie purple auto first off the line honors a curtis martin recollection collection 10 of 10 Playoff momentum from 2000 for the jets really cool card immense patch auto cooper cub ram six of 10 one of one rookie auto texans jarek stingley jr from limited a zeke recollection collection one of one for the cowboys from honors first off the line and a game worn nfl shield the bonte parker dolphins That's right game worn and that will do it. Thanks again Uh, everybody we're on to eminence


This is the lesson three lecture with a focus on emergent earth observation sensors platforms and analytics The objectives for lesson three are an introduction to the Google earth engine platform Introduction to the following sensors Hyperspectral and thermal both of these are passive sensors They just receive the energy coming up to them Hyperspectral receives the reflected energy coming up to the sensor Whereas thermal sensors receive the emitted the thermal emissions come into the sensor and then Active remote remote sensing would be radar and we will take a look at radar and its related products Like the synthetic aperture radar also known as SAR We'll also look at some European space agency satellites Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 part of the Copernicus satellite program We'll look at some recent commercial small satellite startups in this lesson and also You need to start thinking about your project pre-proposal which will be due after lesson four What's the problem statement? What problem are you gonna work on and what type of data is needed? You need to start thinking about it once you get done with lesson three So you will also get an introduction to the Google earth engine cloud computing platform And this is a platform that has all the publicly available remote sensing data a Toolkit of image processing algorithms and scalable computing all available on the cloud so basically all you need is broadband to access this very powerful capability and this is a powerful capability for contemporary remote sensing and Please view the short introductory video on the Google earth engine website that is linked right over here and the coding environment in the Google earth engine is in JavaScript and it also has APIs API stand for application programming interfaces available for JavaScript, Python and Rest at this site. So so this site is hyperlinked to the developers website for developing custom Google earth engine applications and this is for all the programmers in the class who would have an interest in this We will also take a look at hyperspectral remote sensing which is a rapidly developing field with sensors deployed on satellites aircraft and unmanned aerial systems So hyperspectral bands are typically narrow Spectrally and to the order of about 10 nanometers or so. So the graphic on the right Kind of shows you what hyperspectral remote sensing is all about if you look at the diagram for Multispectral remote sensing you can see that the bandwidths of particular bands are pretty wide Whereas if you go to hyperspectral the bandwidth gets to be Substantially narrower and once again to the order of about 10 nanometers and Ultra spectral sensors in which the spectral resolution gets to be greater Which means the bandwidth gets to be even smaller are yet in a very experimental stage so the sensor captures a smooth and continuous reflective or emissive spectra as shown in the diagram to the right and this allows for the identification of vegetative species earth surface materials and environmental conditions like water quality and pixels need to image the same land cover class for a definitive Identification in other words you need to have a pure pixel of a particular type of a land cover class for their spectra to match exactly And data volumes are large and special image processing techniques are needed for image classification of hyperspectral imagery So we will also consider radar and its derivative the synthetic aperture radar in this lesson so radar is active remote sensing and So which means to say that the sensor needs to carry a power source with it So typically radar instruments are larger and heavier When they're deployed on a platform and the radar is increasingly being used for remote sensing applications and the synthetic aperture radar once again is a derivative derivative product of the radar technology and In the case of SAR Multiple looks at the same area are processed to develop a SAR raster image that highlights feature differences in the terrain and SAR is deployed on aerial platforms and on satellites and The server SAR handbook is an excellent resource for ecological mapping applications and I have listed the link over here and Please browse the five one-page reference guides for key SAR concepts that are available on this web page above so radar imaging operates on several different bands that are listed in this diagram below and They had these names like L band S band and C band X band and these names came about from the Second World War when these ideas and this technology was developed but what I want you to notice is that the wavelengths of Radar are much larger than that of visible light So typically as you can see these wavelengths are ranging from about three centimeters Up to oh up to 30 centimeters and greater to the order of a meter So this slide once again reiterates in words what was presented in the previous slide So the basic idea of radar is it sends out a pulse of electromagnetic radiation sent by the transmitter That bounces off the terrain and comes back and brings information about the terrain back to the sensor And the wavelengths are much longer than visible as mentioned and and are in centimeters as opposed to micrometers and have these Typically traditionally are represented with these letters each one of these letters represents a certain wavelength that that particular radar operates at So this is to get into the idea of a radar geometry and the fact that a radar is a side-looking Sensor such that if the platform let's say was flying into the screen Then it would be doing remote sensing with radar Looking off to the side at 90 degrees to the direction of motion You can see the green arrow that represents what is known as the slant range plane and then you can see the ground range plane and that is being imaged and Typically a slant range image is taken in the beginning as shown in this picture below The diagram and then that is processed to give you the actual ground range image And it turns out that radar has certain artifacts known as layover for shortening and shadows and all of this is discussed in greater detail in your readings So the following graphic gives you an idea of how radar Interacts with the surface that it is imaging and what type of an image you end up getting So if you just have a flat surface you end up getting a radar image That is this dark rectangle below if it's a forest then Depending on the radar wavelength the signal may bounce around before it goes back up You may get a speckled image Here we have an idea of what cropland might look like with rose and so forth as it is being cultivated and Then the next graphic shows you what a mountain might look like and have a shadow Behind it because the radar signal is occluded from the region behind the mountains You can see a rough surface once again will give you a speckled image and if you had urban structures With very definite geometry that will be reflected in the image as well So this set of diagrams shows you three distinct scattering mechanisms for radar imagery and One is just reflection off of a smooth surface or a rough surface The other type is a double bounce and that comes about due to a Edge being present like a corner reflector and you would get a double bounce Reflecting off of two smooth surfaces like a freshly cut tree stump for example And then you have the third general type of scattering that you have with radar is volumetric scattering where the light comes down or or or the radar wave comes down and bounces around let's say tree canopies or forest canopy and then Goes back up to the sensor Where then you can estimate densities of canopies and so on and so forth or another example might be the reflection off of dry snow where Some of the signal gets reflected directly from the top surface and some of the signal penetrates and then gets reflected back to the sensor Where once again you can do volumetric estimations with this type of scattering So radar waves that are typically to the order of a few to several centimeters Have another property This is a property that all electromagnetic waves have and this is known as polarization It defines the plane of oscillation of the incoming electromagnetic wave so You can have a vertical vertical polarization for example what that means is that the Radar antenna is Giving out a wave that is vertically polarized It's it's the wave is oscillating up and down in the vertical direction So it's a vertical sand and then the scattered wave is also coming back with a vertical polarization And that would be known as a VV or a vertical vertical polarization image and Then you can have a radar antenna that is transmitting in horizontally polarized waves that go and hit the target and then they bounce back and they are received by a Horizontal sensor and that would be a horizontal Horizontal polarization wave or signal or H H and you can have mixed Polarizations to that gives interesting information about the surface that is being examined that is you could send off a signal polarized in the vertical direction and Then the signal gets rotated upon reflection and then you capture a horizontal signal coming back and that would be a VH image similarly you can have a HV image that you are the sensor is the the antenna is putting out a horizontally polarized image and part of it gets the polarization vector gets Rotated after it interacts with the surface and then you are receiving a vertical image And that would be a H V image and we will see examples of this soon enough so here are Radar images taken off a portion of Brazil and you can see the X band radar is this is a vertical vertical image this is a C band image different wavelength and the Radar is transmitting with a horizontal polarization and then it is receiving a Vertical polarization and this is the information that we see on the image and This third example is a L band image. That's even a larger Radar wavelength and it's being transmitted with a horizontal polarization and then the vertical polarization is being received and Just by looking at these images you can see that each one of these different polarization combinations is is Highlighting different types of features on the ground. So the radar sensor has many advantages and Active microwave energy Penetrates clouds and can be an all-weather remote sensing system, which means radar can penetrate clouds It can readily do imaging if they're imaging if there is light precipitation taking place so it's an all-weather sensor and Synoptic views of large areas for mapping at scales of one is to 25,000 to one is to 400,000 Can be done and cloud shrouded countries may be imaged very effectively and coverage can be obtained at user-specified times even at night and Since radar is a side-looking sensor It permits imaging at shallow-look angles resulting in different perspectives that cannot be obtained using aerial Photography that means to say if you image the same terrain with shallow-look angles from many different directions It will highlight features that you once again you could not see with Aerial or satellite imaging. So once again wavelengths in a radar sense Outside the visible in the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum once again these wavelengths are to the order of a few too many centimeters and they provide information on surface roughness the dielectric properties, which is a physical property of the surfaces and moisture content So there are many other advantages of the radar sensor as well that makes it such a important sensor and It may penetrate vegetation Sand and surface layers of snow if the conditions are right and if you're using the proper wavelengths for that study and Since it is an active remote sensor It has its own illumination and the angle of illumination can be controlled such that you can point your radar sensor once again To your study area and be able to discern features that would be very difficult to see otherwise It enables resolution to be Independent of the distance to the object with the size of the resolution cell being as small as one meter by one meter and As we discussed in the previous slide images can be produced from different types of polarized energy HH, HV, VV, VH and Radar sensor may Simultaneously operate in several wavelengths so that means it could be put in out several different bands at the same time and Thus has a multi frequency potential that at the same time you can discern different types of things on the ground Radar can measure ocean wave properties even from orbital Altitudes and therefore is very important for oceanography It can produce overlapping images suitable suitable for stereoscopic viewing and radar Grammetry and what that means is such that you can make very good measurements from this data and It supports Interferometric operation using two antennas for 3d mapping an analysis of incident angle signatures of objects and Interferometric SAR it turns out can make very accurate measurements of the topography and as we will come to see very useful for Where the land topography is changing like in the case of earthquake? Tsunami in the case of the ocean or a glacier So here is a graphic that gives you an idea of how synthetic aperture radar works So you have a sensor flying in a particular direction looking off to the side And it images the same portion of the ground with many different looks and then Mathematical processes are run on these different looks to create the SAR data image So here's an another example of a SAR image that is compared to a color infrared photograph taken by the space shuttle So you can see that we have at the bottom a Composite image that was acquired by radar and so you have the red gun is assigned to the C band Horizontal and then vertical polarization band the HV band the green gun is going to the L band and The HV band in particular and the blue gun is once again going to the L band With the horizontal horizontal the H H Polarization and then these three separate bands are being rendered as a False color image over here And if you look at it you can see the incredible detail that the radar is able to capture So for example for observations of forests The C band radar which has wavelengths of about three to eight centimeters Has low penetration depth of the canopy it comes in it bounces around the canopy and then goes back up to the sensor Whereas if you're imaging with larger wavelengths like L band radar or P band radar It can penetrate deeper to the canopy all the way to the ground and in fact it can penetrate the ground as well especially the drier the ground the deeper the penetration and And so therefore C band is very useful for looking at tops of canopies and volumetric estimations and L band and P band are very good for looking Underneath the pen canopy and imaging all the way to the ground so here's an example where we have a landslide image and then we have a strip of radar data from sir a That basically stands for space-borne imaging radar and you can see that it has a penetration depth of about one to four meters in the Sahara desert Because the soil is so dry you can get a penetration and Start seeing structures underneath the ground So here's another comparison between a Landsat optical image to the left of Oasis in Egypt and if you look at the same region with Cersei L band Radar image you can see a penetration up to two meters and can see features underneath the ground Another very important value added SAR product is the Interferometric SAR also known as if SAR or in SAR and Basically, you can use two SAR images with different view angles and then you can do some math in it and the basic upshot of it is that you can measure very small changes in the topography of the ground and this comes in very useful if I'm mapping earthquakes and Things like glacier movements or also looking at the surface of an ocean so here we have a Ifsar image of the of the 2004 tsunami that occurred in Asia and Now let's get into another very important area of remote sensing and that is the thermal remote sensing and All previous sensor systems discussed sensing or measuring reflected solar radiation in thermal infrared remote sensing we measure emitted terrestrial radiation so energy is first absorbed and surfaces heat up and the energy could be The Sun warming up the earth in the daytime and then it's emitting energy at night or it could be anthropogenic energy generation like a heated building and What a thermal sensor will measure is just the emitted and Thermal energy coming from the study area may to be in daytime or at night so here is an example of a Reflective multi-spectral image taken by Landsat 7 and then the Landsat 7 etm plus sensor has a thermal band as well and we can see the comparison between both of them The brighter the thermal band the warmer that surface is and Notice that in this case the spatial resolution of the thermal sensor is coarser than the optical sensors Here's another example of day and night thermal imagery taken from an airplane and you can see the regions that are warmer in the daytime and Then you can see the regions that are warmer and emitting heat at the nighttime Let's talk about a little bit about the underlying physics of thermal remote sensing So the level of thermal radiation emitted by objects is determined by their temperature So the temperature of the object that is being imaged Determines the amount of thermal emission coming from it Also, the amount of thermal emission is dependent upon the surrounding temperature of the heated object as well and The amount of energy being emitted or absorbed is also a function of the emissivity e where the emissivity of a perfect black body of a Perfectly emitting an absorbing surface Is one and the emissivity of a perfectly silvered surface is zero so a shiny surface is not gonna absorb thermal radiation or emit it efficiently at all Whereas if you had a surface that was closer to a perfect black body Would be very good for absorbing all the radiation fallen on it and emitting it very effectively as well so thermal power emission from a heated object or conversely of Thermal power absorption by a cooler object same idea is governed by the Stefan Boltzmann law and in this law the in this formula the temperatures are in degrees Kelvin Such that we can calculate the radiant power Emitted the thermal power emitted and power is energy divided by time The rate at which energy is being given off from a heated object is dependent on the emissivity of it Sigma is a constant known as Boltzmann's constant and has a constant value a is the surface area of the object that is emitting or absorbing the heat and then we have the difference between the fourth power of the temperature of the object minus the Surrounding or the ambient temperature So the basic point that I want to make over here is that the power the thermal power emitted or absorbed By a surface is going to be a function of the temperature difference that surface has with its Surroundings and if there is no temperature difference no power will be emitted And we will see that this leads to the phenomenon of thermal crossover in the next slide Also, want you to be aware that as thermal energy is moving through the atmosphere at Absorption and not scattering is the dominant atmospheric effect. That is the Atmosphere tends to absorb the thermal energy moving through it So here is a diagram that highlights the idea of a thermal crossover So remember that the thermal sensor will measure the thermal emissions most effectively When there is a large temperature difference between the surface and the surroundings and if that Temperature difference goes to zero then the thermal exchange basically stops at that time And so if you look at dawn or sunset is where you have the crossover periods So, you know at nighttime if you may have a heated building and the outside is very cool So you have a large temperature difference, but when the sun rises there comes to be a point where the surface temperature of the buildings Will be becomes the same as the temperature of the surroundings as the sun rises and heats up the surfaces And you are at a crossover period and that is not a good time to do thermal imaging So basically the best time for thermal imaging is where you have the largest temperature difference between the surface that is being imaged and its Surroundings that would happen somewhere around early afternoon to afternoon Where you have the largest temperature difference and hence you will have the largest Contrast in your thermal image So once again, this is to remind you of what temperature is Basically temperature is a measure of the internal thermal energy of an object and inside the object a Solid or a gas or a liquid You have the atoms and molecules are moving and zigging and zagging and If they have a larger kinetic energy if on the average they are moving faster Then the object is said to be warmer and if the object it gives off thermal emission and cools off Then the net random motion taking place in the molecules of the heated Object that is cooling down the net random motion will decrease as the temperature decreases as it emits thermal radiation There are two ways that you can measure the thermal energy of an object One is the kinetic temperature This is the one measured by a thermometer if you were to put a thermometer on the surface of the object It is also called the internal real Contact or thermodynamic temperature of the object So it's the actual temperature of the object you would measure if you had actual contact with the object on the other hand Via remote sensing you measure what is known as the radiant temperature So the radiant temperature is measured by a radiometer which is basically a sensor And the radiant temperature is also called external apparent or non-contact temperature And we will come to see that the radiant temperature can be converted to the actual or kinetic temperature If a property of the object surface known as emissivity is known So this leads to a point that is very important for remote sensing So and this is to get into the idea of the relation between the kinetic temperature and the radiant temperature so Let's say if you have a perfect black body the emissivity of an object is one Its kinetic temperature will be the same as its radiant temperature Now kinetic temperature is the temperature that you sense by putting a thermometer on the surface Or by touching the surface and feeling the warmth of it And you can assess the kinetic temperature in that manner Radiant temperature is measured by remote sensing if you have a thermal sensor sitting Somewhere and measuring the thermal emissions coming to it Then that is known as radiant temperature and the radiant temperature measured Will be the same as the kinetic or the actual contact Temperature if the emissivity of the object is one So what i'm trying to say is that it is very important to know what type of a surface You are imaging in thermal remote sensing You need to know the emissivities of these surfaces such that you can infer The temperature of the object from a distance And that is by measuring the radiant temperature So for natural or gray bodies the kinetic and the radiant temperatures differ according to the emissivity of that body So if you know the radiant temperature of an object Then as a consequence of the Stefan Boltzmann law You can calculate the kinetic temperature the actual surface temperature as well But you will need to know the emissivity of the surface that you are imaging So what that means is then is the emissivity therefore ends up controlling The radiant temperature the temperature that you measure By remote sensing of an object and therefore two objects with the same kinetic temperatures But different emissivities will have different radiant temperatures your remote sensing Instrument will measure different radiant temperatures for two objects That have the same temperature by contact but have different types of surfaces with different emissivities So here's a summary of these basic thermal properties that we have just learned And temperature of an object measured remotely is known as its radiant or apparent temperature Radiant temperature is the black body or kinetic temperature reduced by its emissivity Okay, so in other words, if you had a perfect black body then the radiant temperature is the same as kinetic temperature But the if the emissivity of that surface is lesser than the radiant temperature that is measured will be lesser And remotely sensed thermal infrared radiances the signal that the thermal sensor is receiving therefore are a combination of the emitted energy The emissivity of the surface and the atmospheric effects that happen as the infrared travels through the atmosphere and the sensor characteristics themselves So here's another example of of thermal remote sensing so in the Upper image you can see a 3d model that has been generated by using the reflective the optical bands And then you can see the thermal infrared bands Below where you can discern the differences in temperature on the terrain So here's another example of a thermal infrared image of Lake Tahoe That's draped over a landsat image of the same region and you can see that We can discern the different regions the different temperature distributions of the On the surface of Lake Tahoe Here's another example of a comparison between thermal and visible images of Glen Canyon and the surrounding sandstone And as you can see you can discern more detail from this thermal image Another important application of thermal imaging Is mapping urban heat island effects It turns out that cities have micro climate effects Due to the urban heat island that they form And this is a very good visual Rendition of a thermal imagery of the Minneapolis St. Paul area The european space agency or ESA Copernicus Sentinel program Is worth mentioning and is an important satellite program that has free access to its data So the ESA Copernicus Sentinel satellite program has six focus areas Atmosphere marine land climate change security and emergency And of this constellation of satellites, there are two satellites Sentinel one which has a SAR sensor and Sentinel two that has multispectral bands That are landsat like yet with a higher spatial resolution And Sentinel one and Sentinel two are dedicated to land remote sensing Please watch this brief video at this hyperlink To get acquainted with the ESA Copernicus Sentinel program And also look through this comparison of the Sentinel two bands and the landsat eight bands And you will see the similarity between the spectral wavelengths of these bands But Sentinel two has data that has higher spatial resolution than landsat eight In the past five years there has been a proliferation of commercial small satellite startups And this is still a very volatile area in the sense that there are Some new startups sustaining themselves and have grown and others have closed down Or have consolidated and have been brought over by other companies So for example Planet Labs was one of the initial small satellite startups that is now launching flocks of doves, which means constellations of dove small satellites small satellites the size of a shoebox But there are tens or hundreds of them such that you can have very rapid repeat Capabilities above the earth But typically these small satellites do not deliver Radiometrically and atmospherically and geometrically corrected data like government programs like landsat and sentinel do Landsat and sentinel are very exquisitely calibrated instruments And most commercial satellites at this point will give you a multispectral image But it will not have the atmospheric correction or the radiometric correction And you will be exploring some of these new remote sensing satellite companies in your readings And as remote sensing professionals you need to keep an eye on this rapidly developing area of commercial remote sensing satellites And that will continue to develop And the data deluge is just going to keep on getting to be bigger with time It is also getting to be time for you to start thinking about your project pre-proposal So by the end of lesson three you will have gained familiarity with several types of remotely sensed data and their sources And this is the time to begin to develop a vision for your course project And this involves posing a question commensurate with your professional or personal interests And then investigating the type of data available to answer A part of or the entire question that you are posing So that just depends on The type of data that is available on whether you can explore something in detail or if you can just make a first cut on it Some of you have more mature Interests than others And if you're not sure about a project theme Work on a land cover mapping project for the region where you live in Or a region that you have an interest in in the us And i'm saying the us because we have lots of data Remotely sensed data from many sensors Available publicly and free in the united states and see if you can find nape Foreband imagery and lidar For two separate time periods for a obi a project if you do if you're not sure about what you would like to work on And bear in mind that your project pre proposal is due at the end of lesson four So that you still have Oh 10 days or so to start crystallizing an idea So if you have any questions or comments, please post them in the lesson three General questions and comments forum


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Okay, I want to start this unit by reviewing what was covered in the old unit because moles and things related to moles are often difficult for many, many of the students. So we're going to recover a little bit of what the mole is. One mole of something is just an easier way of saying one group of this many things. Now it's almost always reserved for talking about atoms and molecules because that's about how many you need to have before you can actually start to see groups of atoms and molecules and weigh them out. One mole of an atom, a particular atom, you can figure out how much it weighs by looking at the average atomic mass unit and changing the unit to grams, and I'll try to explain that in a couple of slides as well. And finally, this number is sometimes known as Avogadra's number or Avogadra's constant. The points on this slide get their own special slide because they're important enough that they're going to show up over and over again. So I have two big bullet points here. If you know the number of moles of something you have and you know it's chemical formula, you can figure out how much it weighs. You can figure out how many grams of it you have, and you can do this in reverse. If you know how many grams of something you have, in other words if you know how much something weighs and you know it's formula, you can figure out how many moles of it you have. So you need the periodic table to do this. Here's information on chlorine from the periodic table. If I told you that I had one mole of chlorine, you could look at the periodic table and you could say, oh, you have 35 grams, roughly. If I told you you had two moles of chlorine atoms, you could look at the periodic table and say two times this number, which is about 71 grams, you could say, oh, you have 71 grams of chlorine. In other words, what we're doing is the first bullet point here. If you know the number of moles and you know the information about its molar mass, you can figure out how much it weighs.  It's not just chlorine that you can do this for. You can do it for any element where you know where you have the periodic table handy. If I told you that I had 35.453 grams of chlorine, in other words, if I told you how many grams you have, you can use the periodic table to figure out that that's one mole of chlorine. So you should be able to go in either direction, moles to grams or grams back to moles. Then the other major term that we introduced in the previous unit is called molar mass. Molar mass is mass or weight of one mole of something. How much does one mole of something weigh? Molar mass is basically answering this question. How many grams does my pile of one mole of atoms weigh? I will try to explain that in a little bit more detail on the next slide as well. So here's the next slide. What's the difference between a mole and molar mass? A mole is counting. It's how many groups of 6.02 times 10 to the 23 do we have?  And in my mountain, apparently the pen doesn't want to work that well right now, in my mountain there are 6.02 times 10 to the 23 atoms and each circle there is supposed to be one atom. So there's a lot of atoms there, one mountain's worth or one mole's worth. That's equal to 6.02 times 10 to the 23. So if you could pick apart this mountain's worth of atoms and count each one, you would count this many. That's basically, so if I said I had one mountain's worth of atoms, in my analogy I would say I'd have one mole's worth of atoms. If I had two mountains that were identical in number, then I would have two moles. And so that's what a mole is. It's just saying how many groups of mountains do you have? Or how many groups of 6.02 times 10 to the 23 do you have? That's what a mole is. Molar mass, as we mentioned on the previous slide, is how much does this mountain actually weigh? There's a big difference, right? This is a counting question. This is a weighing question. It's weighing by each mole or, to use my analogy, each mountain. So molar mass is not counting. It's saying, look, if I have one pile, one giant pile of 6.02 times 10 to the 23, or one mountain's worth of atoms, how much does this pile actually weigh? And the unit is almost always given in grams. So the molar mass is answering this question. How much does one mole of something weigh? So as an example, the way that you answer this particular question is you have to go back to the periodic table and you have to know what type of atom you're talking about. If I told you that I had one pile, one mountain's worth or one mole's worth of boron atoms, here they are. And I wanted to know how much this pile weighs. You go to the periodic table, you look at this number, and you tell me this number in units of grams. So that's telling you, if these were all boron atoms, and I had this many of them, it happens to weigh about 10.811 grams. And the molar mass is going to be different for different atoms, because different atoms weigh differently than each other.  As you can see, it weighs more than the pile on the left, because the individual atoms weigh more. You can look that up here. If I said what's the molar mass of carbon, you would say it's about 12.011 grams. And again, you can see this visually. So if I have one mole of boron atoms and one mole of carbon atoms, I have the same number of each. There's 6.02 times 10 to the 23 borons here. There's 6.02 times 10 to the 23 carbons here. But the molar masses are different. In other words, this pile weighs less than the pile of carbons. And you can look up specifically how much each weighs if you have a good periodic table handy. If I showed you a mole of nitrogen atoms, pretend this is a mole of nitrogen atoms, I have the same number of nitrogens as I do carbons as I do borons. But the nitrogens weigh even more. And so if you weighed this pile, you would be telling me what the molar mass of nitrogen is. And if you had a periodic table, you'd say, oh, it's about 14.007 grams. So that's the difference between a mole and a molar mass. Mole is a way of counting. It's a weird way of counting, but that's all it is. Molar mass is a way of weighing. That weighs by these piles. How much does one pile of nitrogen atoms weigh? How much does one pile of carbon atoms weigh, et cetera? So that's it for the review. New stuff coming up.