First presentation, Advanced HTML X-Block for OpenEDX. Very good evening to everyone. I am Srinand Rai Choudhury from Content Team. And this is Prabhulika. And that is Ashutosh. And our project was titled Advanced HTML X-Block for the OpenEDX platform. So I will be taking you through the first part of our presentation, where I'll be talking about the platform that you worked on and the limitations of the current HTML component in the platform. So what is OpenEDX? So OpenEDX is basically an open source MOOC platform, which was developed by professionals at MIT and Harvard. The centerpiece of the OpenEDX architecture is the edX platform, which consists of the LMS and the CMS. Students take the courses to the LMS, and the CMS is for the course content to create the courses and publish it. And also some of the notable features in edX is that the courses are created using modules which are called Xbox. And the courses can be imported and exported without touching the content itself and keeping all the course settings intact. Secondly, there are also many other components of OpenEDX, which includes nodes, catalogs, analytics, et cetera, and many more. In short, we can call edX platform as an Xbox runtime, because it's an application which hosts Xbox. Moving on, what are basically Xbox? Xbox are the basic component architecture of OpenEDX. They are specific units which provides a different functionality to both the learners and the users. Xbox can be anything ranging from an image, a video, a web page, or even a small paragraph or text. In the present, there are many already implemented Xbox in the OpenEDX platform, like the HTML editor, then video component, the interactive questions, et cetera. Now talking about Xbox, we must also mention the precursors, which are Xbox modules. So Xbox modules was the initial component design in the OpenEDX architecture. But now almost every Xbox module is being replaced by Xbox, because Xbox produce gives us more flexibility and more scalability, because any third party developer can develop an Xbox integrated very easily with OpenEDX platform. So this is the basic difference, which we referenced from a Google group discussion, that Xbox is the newer API, and Xbox was the first component design, and it's still in OpenEDX, but at limitations. So Xbox better designed to support third party developers to extend the OpenEDX platform. Next, we will be talking about the HTML components in OpenEDX through which course creators create courses. So basically, there are two editing interfaces. One is the raw editor and one is the visual editor. The visual editor is basically a word processing type environment where you can edit text without having to code in HTML. And the raw HTML editor helps us to directly mark up our content in HTML and view them. The templates provided are text, announcement, iframe tool, and raw HTML editor. And presently, the editors that are currently being implemented OpenEDX are as follows. TANEMC is the visual or the specific editor. That is what you see, what you get. CodeMirror is the raw HTML editor for TANEMC. WND is an editor which is used in discussion forums and emails. And the current versions are as follows. TANEMC is 4.0.20, CodeMirror is 3.27. And WND version is not exactly unknown, as ZX just forked the code in 2012. Next, we will talk about the issues that are limitations, we should just say, of the current HTML components. These are the screenshots. The first screenshot is taken from the raw HTML editor. It's taken from instance of the IT Bombay server provided to us for testing. So first thing you notice here is that there is no code indentation. So all the code is cramped in a single place. Secondly, the features like code folding is absent. So these are the two main limitations. And also now, suppose we want to add our custom style, as we did there, which is properly indented. And so this should be rendered as internal CSS and produce the desired effect. But as soon as we press OK, the CSS gets spilled all over the web page. So there is no isolation between our HTML component and the whole web page. The CSS gets applied everywhere. Secondly, so this is the limitation that internal CSS is not supported presently in the raw HTML. Only inline CSS is supported. Secondly, when we try to re-edit it, we can see, first of all, our indentation is lost. And secondly, tiny mcs weirdly commented our style tag. And it's not visible anymore. So this is one of the issues. And if you publish the code, the similar effect is shown in the LMS. This is the LMS. The students sees this. So it's the same effect. So why does this happen? Well, Xbox are mainly displayed in our course, in a web page using Xbox fragments, which contain all the resources needed to display the Xbox, such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. So currently, there is no isolation between our Xbox contents and the web page. Suppose we consider the whole web page as an UI, which contains its own internal CSS, internal JS. And when we add our own style tag inside the Xbox, it gets automatically contaminated to the internal CSS of the web page using this fragment. So this fragment can isolate between two fragments and thus produces the effect as shown. So based on these limitations, our main objective is where it follows, to improvise the present raw estimator so that it includes these three features. Wasp was a pretty indentation. Wasp was code folding. And secondly, was auto-completion of text. Second was full support of internal CSS. Then full support of all the HTML and HTML5 tags, because presently, there are many tags which are not working very well in the raw estimator. Secondly, was fixing the cursor placement issue, and next was supporting JavaScript. So I will now hand over to Pravalika. We will explain the solutions and the approaches we do. Based on the objectives, we have to clear our objectives, working on our objectives. We have come to some conclusions, like we have observed some things. The first thing is the editors, the editors which are being used in the open edicts have been stopped, like they were not updated from the August 2016. So if we include the latest versions of the code mirror and TinyMC editors were, code mirror has got the editor of version of 5.3.8, 5.38.0. So while updating these editors are basic, like some of our objectives like code folding, indentation and autocomplete will be achieved. And the second thing is we have found that the TinyMC, a plugin for TinyMC is found in code mirror, like the TinyMC has a code mirror plugin, which will merge both the VCB editor as well as the raw HTML editor. And the plugin which is being used will take any version now for TinyMC, which is 4.xxxx. And the working of both the raw HTML editor as well as the visual editor is based on this X module, which is html.module pi, and which handles all the operations of the HTML editor. So, based on these observations we have come up to two approaches, which are first approaches updating the both the editors, so that some of our major objectives will be achieved. And in this we have even, we've chose this approach compared to our second approaches integrating a third party open source editor into an open edX platform, like brackets or notepad plus plus or content tools, which have got much better features compared to the present versions of TinyMC and code mirror, which are being used in the present current version of open edX. But we have chose the approach one because an approach one completely upgrading something is much better easier compared to integrating a completely from a new thing. And as well as in approach one, we have used iFrames for the CSS part for the internal CSS, which where these iFrames will be accessing, like these iFrames are used for accessing even the bootstrap thing, which will be beautifying the course content much more. Initial approaches, so based on the approach one, initial approaches for supporting internal CSS, wrapping the complete HTML content in an iFrame, setting the width of the iFrame to 100% and height equal to the height of the content of the frame and setting the border of the iFrame to zero. By doing this, we have achieved an invisible iFrame, which will be loading all our HTML content. Our second approach for achieving internal CSS was using JavaScript. Here we have separated the CSS and the HTML content and wrap the complete HTML content into a div tag by giving it with a unique ID. And later calling each and every unique ID and entering styles to it. But we have chosen the first approach of CSS because due to this event we can even include bootstrap as well as by including an iFrame or any tool, there's no merging of two blocks of CSS in the LMS of Studio. So the first approach, the local integration, it includes first we need to download both the versions of the TinyMCE as well as the code mirror into our local system and integrate both of them. Here to integrate the code mirror for TinyMCE plugin we have to integrate code mirror for TinyMCE plugin in the TinyMCE init.tinymce page and then test this hybrid editor and then integrate this editor with the Django because edX uses Django as its backend and test the Django integration. What we have found out after our local integration was most of the HTML tags and the attributes work. Like all we checked, complete HTML file, all the attributes, elements, tags, as well as we have checked the CSS and bootstrap too and everything worked pretty fine and most of the CSS styles and attributes even worked and CSS animation and external CSS such as bootstrap works and the complete link of all the testings which we have done have been in this link one which we have even provided in our link on our source code and in our report. And the source code for the integration of both the two editors is even provided in the link two where it is even provided in our report and wrapping the content, complete CSS to enable CSS, internal CSS. We have wrapped the complete content in an iframe which is even given in link two and the second phase of the first approach is the open edX integration. So for open edX integration, we have to install an instance of open edX on a local system. We have used DevStack for a project since it is most suited for the developers. For the DevStack thing, we had even installed some virtual environment, we needed a virtual environment. For that we have used Docker and in the basic starting stages we have issues with Docker like proxy issues and installing Docker was a bit tough because we have skipped some steps in the between but we have to be careful that every each and every step of Docker installation should be taken and later add the latest version of code mirror 5.3.8 to the source code of open edX leaving the old version untouched. We have not touched the old version which is the same that 5.0 and we have just included our editor version which we have. Now we have configured the TinyMCE to the open the updated version of code mirror. Here we have changed, we have included the code mirror plugin in edit.js file and later the results which after open edX integration we have found some results. They were TinyMCE open as an instance of code mirror we the latest version and in its raw HTML editor and later that future features such as cold folding cold folding and indentation works pretty fine but we had small issues with this. Those were that the effect of the internal CSS was only visible inside the visibility editor. Like only the code mirror part only only the TinyMCE editor works fine. Like the effects were not seen in the LMS part. Once we have saved or progressed the open edX backend automatically it removes the style tag. Like once we have added a style tag the complete style tag is being removed by the open end backend. So we had issues so we had to change our approach which will be told by Ashutosh. Okay so because of these hurdles we tried to research a lot, a lot, a lot. We again faced some hurdles because of which we had to change our approach. So while we were changing approach we had this idea, I mean we were reading about open edX more and more and we came across the idea of X blocks. So what we thought was we can develop whatever we have done till now into an standalone X block which will be even a better approach. So I'll explain how it was a better approach. So it's basically a standard way of extending open edX platform. It is one of the standard ways of extending open edX platform. They can be installed pretty easily and also uninstalled pretty easily. So it's not a load on system at all. The X blocks are optional. So if someone does not want our advanced HTML editor like code folding, nice styles, nice JavaScript, they can use the current HTML editor and be fine with it. And lastly, that was our first approach that caused our first approach to fail. It keeps the open edX source code intact. So even if our X block fails, open edX system does not fail. So that was the biggest advantage. Now we'll just go through the features of our advanced HTML editor. So we completely support CSS. We support all CSS attributes including animations and we can also include external CSS through a link. Then we have JavaScript support. The JavaScript support is fairly secure. It does not allow you to redirect you to another sites and all we have taken care of it. Then it supports all HTML and HTML5 tags. Previously, audio tags and video tags were not working. They are working fine now in our X block. And all the editor is on steroids now. It's completely like sublime text and all you'll feel good. So we'll just quickly see how our X block can be used to create interactive courses. We have a demo video. So this is a demo course about CSS animations. So as you can see, we can have really interactive and really good looking course by using our X block. See those, yeah. Okay, so we can see the source code right over there and the live action of CSS animation right below. So students will be able to understand much better. And also the course content creator won't have to stylize that color highlighting won't, he can just use highlight JS for the source code, source code highlighting. So that was not possible before. Now JavaScript is supported. So he can just load highlight JS from CDN and he can use it very well. Or if he has some, his own JavaScript or CSS library, then he can upload that CSS and JavaScript to files and upload section in open edX course. And then he'll get the link and he can use that as well. Now we'll see how this works. So every X block has a student view and a studio view. Student view is what is shown to students in LMS and studio view is what is shown to course creator when he clicks on edit. So studio view is fairly simple. It's just a instance of code mirror 5.38.0 with a live preview panel. We'll see it in further slides. But student view is somewhat different from traditional. So it's an iframe. In a nutshell, it's an iframe. It has a unique ID. And because of this unique ID, you can include as much blocks in your course on same page, they'll load just fine. It has invisible borders. So you won't be able to recognize that this is a iframe or it's actual content. So it's a good user experience and secure JavaScript. So when we were using iframes, there was a biggest security concern if some course content creator access window.top, then he can literally modify the system, modify that page any way he wants. So we have sandboxed it and we have prevented window.top access to anyone in that iframe. So all the iframe and CSS is limited to iframe itself. So now we'll see how it looks in studio. So whenever you add our xblock, this is the default content that you'll get. And it's the same gradient background, gradient animating background that we saw in LMS. When you click on edit, this is where the studio view comes in. So on the left-hand side, we have our editor with a nicely indented code, automatic indentation. And you can also see code folding letters. I'm not exactly sure if they are visible. Okay, they're there. And on the right-hand side, you have a live preview panel. So whatever changes you do in editor, or you can see live preview, you can live preview them in live preview panel. So coming to settings tab, we provide basic settings. You can change the display name. Also, if you don't want live preview panel and you want a full-width code editor, then you can disable the live preview panel. And you'll have a full-width code editor like this. So it's nice for editing purposes. Then this is actually live preview in action. So I've edited a couple of things there and they have reflected instantly in the live preview panel. And obviously, after saving, you can see the contents in a studio as well. So coming to future work, we are looking for a more autocompleteness in our editor. So right now, our editor can autocomplete tags. So if you open a tag, let's say a tag, and then close it, then it will automatically indent the code inside it properly, a nice way. Obviously, you can undo it. If you don't want. But so we are focusing on autocompleteness like, let's say you are typing a CSS property called background color. And you type background, then you should have a panel showing you more background properties. Let's say background color, background transition, and stuff. And so that is an autocomplete feature. Then second is setting the common CSS to entire course. So this is actually we are focusing more on. So this includes, so let's say a course content creator wants to have a common CSS to be included in each and every advanced HTML X block under single course. So what he can do is, what he should be able to do is, he should be able to upload a common.css and common.js in files and uploads. And our X block should be able to automatically fetch them. So that will save a lot of time for course content creators to have their layouts. They can just add text for their new units and they'll be styled according to common.css. So we are currently researching on this. This will require Django settings and Django backend settings to be checked very nicely if X blocks are allowed to access them. If they are global to all the X blocks within a single course, we are still researching on that. And lastly dark theme in editor is always appreciated like for me, like I use dark themes, okay. So coming to conclusion, I would say our X block has opened up way to a new world of interactive courses whose functionality is only limited by imagination of course creator. And lastly, I would like to thank our mentors and all the summer internship 2018 mentors who helped us throughout the process to have this working however, basically our open edX system working. And lastly, I'd like to thank Professor Fatak for giving us an opportunity to come here to stay at IIT Bombay for seven weeks. Thank you. The links that you mentioned in your presentation I think. So one is of course Ashutosh B. Sathe which is okay, but that is Github link. The other one is Google Docs. Now I'm a bit concerned about Google. Given that in my opinion Mr. Trump is a American avatar of Shiv Sena, you never know what will happen to these companies providing services all across the world and so on. So I much rather prefer a Github kind of thing. In any case, we should have all of these in our repository as well. So actually committed in a Github in Ashutosh account itself. So the link is present in Ashutosh. Just the report link is on. Complete report link. No, no, no, that is different. I'm talking about going forward, going forward we should have. So for example, the OER repository that we're building. So do you know we discovered a very interesting thing that our video team led by Sajjan actually makes multiple versions of every video including high resolution, low resolution, et cetera, et cetera and keeps that in a common directory in IIT Bombay servers. We are accessible course. But the content team which finally creates the dot SRT files with all the, what you can say, sorry, no, not just separators. All the basically transcripted versions instead of saving it on the, they save it on their local machine temporarily, but upload on YouTube. All of them are available on YouTube. But again, if something was to happen to YouTube or to their services or those services have to be where to become costed services, what would happen to thousands of hours of recorded final versions which are only on YouTube. So I've told the content team that when we open our OER repository all those final versions should be available physically on this story. I think it is unfortunate, but India may have to safeguard all these contents for our own sake later. You said that you converted to X-Block approach after doing a lot of jugglery. So roughly how much time you spent in that jugglery to understand that this is difficult, that is difficult, et cetera. Like exactly we started X-Block on 20 June. On 20 June. So just about 15 days. Very good. I think that is good work. It should also tell us that X-Block approach is probably the best approach. You did not notice the back end eating up your content like in the other case. It is working. Your X-Block is working. So somehow you have made yourselves immune to the back end of edX. Yes, also platform independent, so they can.  To Hawthorne, from Ginkgoo to Hawthorne are forward also. In the first approach, we were planning to integrate the whole advanced thing into the current HTML editor. But then it would have been a problem. This is the best approach. Because if the... Thank you.


Have you ever wondered why there's so much debt? Or why the experts and authorities seem completely unable to solve the current debt crisis? Well, the reason they can't solve it is because they're trying to fix and repair the existing banking system. But the existing banking system is completely flawed. It's the existing system that has buried all of us under a massive mountain of debt. In the next three minutes, I'll show you how the design of the banking system guarantees that the vast majority of people end up in debt, and why allowing the banks to go back to business as usual would be the worst thing for the economy and for society as a whole. But first, where do you think all this debt came from? Many people would assume that a bank needs to get money from a saver before it can make a loan to a borrower. After all, isn't that what banks do? Taking money from people who want to save it and lending it to businesses and people who need to borrow? Well, not exactly. Here's a fact that not many people know. A bank doesn't actually need to have any real money before it can make a loan to someone. When you take out a mortgage from the bank, the bank doesn't take that money from somebody's grandma's life savings. No, instead, they simply open up a computer and type some numbers into your account.  But the money that you borrowed was created out of nothing and just typed into your account. Well, we know that's hard to believe, but you don't need to take our word for it. The Bank of England themselves say that, when banks make loans, they create additional bank deposits for those that have borrowed the money. These bank deposits are just the numbers in your account. And Martin Wolf, the Chief Economics Editor at the Financial Times says, the essence of the contemporary monetary system is the creation of money out of nothing by private banks often foolish lending. So almost all the money we use today is made in this way, out of nothing, by banks when they make loans. And the only way that we as the public can get our hands on this money is to go into debt to the banks. In other words, almost every pound that we need in the economy to run shops, businesses, factories, schools and hospitals must first be borrowed by us from a high street bank. And if one person has a million pounds, the rest of us must be a million pounds in debt. If we try not to go into debt, then the banks would be unable to create money and the economy would grind to a halt. This is effectively a whole-scale privatisation of the power to create money.


This is part two of Lecture 7. So by now, you hopefully have a pretty good idea of what attitudes are and how you can measure them. But why should you want to measure them? Well, because they predict behavior, right? That makes a lot of sense. If we know how a person feels about something, we also know how they will behave, right? Well, not always. And researchers have known this for a long time. It's actually been known since 1934, which is one of the very first social psychology experiments which was conducted by Lapierre, was on this link between attitudes and behavior. And he conducted, I think, a very interesting study, also a very time-consuming study, and a very tasty study. Okay, let me tell you about it. In this study, he traveled through the United States with a young Chinese couple, and this maybe sounds, you know, pretty straightforward, but it was actually not a straightforward in that time, because in 1934, you have to go back in time, there was a lot of open discrimination and prejudice against Asians. So Asians were actually prohibited from visiting a lot of, for example, public establishments. And what Lapierre did was he visited restaurants. He went to several restaurants, actually 251 restaurants together with this Chinese couple. And his question was actually, would they serve us? Would they, you know, allow this young Chinese couple to enter this establishment, even though there's this open discrimination against Asians, and they can also refuse entrance. And to his, maybe to his surprise, and also his positive surprise, they were only refused at one establishment. So only one establishment said, no, you're not welcome to join this, to come into this restaurant with this Chinese couple. Interestingly, when he got home, there was a second part of the study. And in the second part of the study, Lapierre called all these restaurants. He didn't mention that they visited, that he visited the restaurant already with his Chinese couple. He just informs whether or not he would be welcome to visit that restaurant with a young Chinese couple. And then what happened was that 92% of these restaurants actually said that they would not allow him to enter. So they said that their attitude was negative. You are not allowed to enter this establishment with Chinese people because Chinese people are not allowed here. We discriminate against Chinese people. Well, he knew that actually they were welcome if he showed up at the doorstep. So what happens here? Why is there such a discrepancy between what restaurant owners apparently do and what their attitude is? So again, we see that there's a difference between an attitude and behavior. And how can we now predict what people actually do when we know this study? So we know that if you do something and you just show up at someone's doorstep, you won't be refused. Even though people beforehand say, yes, I will refuse you. So researchers have studied this for a long time and eventually came up with the following model, the theory of planned behavior. This is developed in 1985, so quite some years after the LaPierre experiment. And this theory is a theory in which we can understand how and when a certain behavior is executed. So here you see how we can actually predict behavior from attitudes. There's three different components here. You see them. First of all, you need to be aware of someone's attitudes towards the behavior. So and what is key here is that you have to measure attitudes towards specific behavior. So if you, for example, want to predict whether someone will order a hamburger at McDonald's, you don't simply ask them.  That's not enough information. That's not specific enough. You have to specifically know if you would enter McDonald's, would you then order a hamburger? If you know then that attitude, that will predict the behavioral intention and that will in term predict behavior. But there's two more things. So there's two more things that we need to be aware of apart from attitudes. So specific attitude is one. The second is subjective norms. We need to know how the people that are in the close surroundings feel about showing a certain behavior. So only if people feel like their behavior will be endorsed by others around them, then they will show the behavior. If they feel like their behavior will be disapproved, then even though they might feel a certain way, they may not buy it. So for example, if you visit McDonald's and you love hamburgers and you have the intention to buy a hamburger, but you're visiting a restaurant with your vegan colleague and you know that this person feels really strongly about eating meat and meat consumption, you feel that there's this subjective norm not to order a hamburger at that moment.  So the subjective norms around you should be in line with your own personal attitudes. And then finally, you should feel like you have control over the outcome. You have to perceive that you can easily show this behavior.  So for example, at the McDonald's restaurant, if you're there with your colleague and your boss is also there, maybe you feel like your boss should order your meal. I don't know which type of relationship you have with your boss, but maybe you feel like it would be maybe a bit rude to order your meal yourself. So you feel like I don't have control over my outcomes. I'll just see what happens. So these three components are all very important and equally important in predicting someone's behavioral intention and that in itself predicts our behavior. So here you see that it's complicated, right? So just knowing someone's attitudes is not enough to predict someone's behavior. So attitudes are actually maybe not so informative when it comes to understanding human behavior, right? And it's also important to know that attitudes, and you know this by now, they can change. They are not stable. People change their minds all the time. Of course, this is something we already talked a lot about in the previous lecture on cognitive business. We may have a certain attitudes, but then we show behavior that is in contrast with that attitude. So we start changing the attitude as a way of reducing dissonance. So reducing dissonance is one way in which our attitudes can change. But our attitudes can also change through persuasive communication. And persuasive communication basically means that you hear someone else posing a certain message about a particular side of an issue trying to change your mind.  Using persuasive communication. Communication that is intended to persuade you to change your mind. And this is something that not only researchers but of course also marketeers are very interested in. And people have been studying attitude change and persuasive communication for a long time. And this started approximately in the 1950s at Yale University, where a group of researchers that actually beforehand they worked for the United States during the Second World War to increase the morale of the United States soldiers during this war to make sure that they still felt motivated to continue fighting in this war. So these researchers already knew a lot about attitude change and how you can convince people to, for example, keep fighting the good fight. So these group of researchers, they made an approach about persuasive communication and because they are from Yale, this approach is called the Yale attitude change approach. And this is a study of the conditions under which people are most likely to change their attitudes. And the approach is actually very straightforward. It is summarized in this one sentence, who said what to whom. And that means that there's three different components important when you use persuasive communication. First of all, who. That means characteristic of the source. Who is saying the message? Who is trying to convince you? So the sender. The aspects, the characteristics of the sender of the source are important. Secondly, the message itself, of course, the characteristics of the message matter in the extent to which it can be used for effective persuasion. And then finally, whom. And that means the receiver characteristics. It really matters a lot who you are talking to. And one person is more easily persuaded than another person. So now I'm going to talk about these three different components one by one and give some explanations of when they are more or less successful. So let's first look at the source. So when is a source successful? When can someone persuade you? If you think about it, if someone's trying to change your mind, what do you really, when is a person successful? Well, if they're an expert, right? And yes, that matters. So if you feel like a source is credible because this person has expertise, for example, I'm your social psychology teacher, I hope you experience me as being a credible source when it comes to social psychological knowledge, because I did the studies, I did the work, I've been studying it my whole life basically. So I'm a credible source when it comes to social psychology. And for a credible source, you also have this presumption that the information that you get from the source is reliable. So it's not fake news, it's real actual good, well-informed news. So credibility is one thing. The second thing that matters when it comes to characteristics of the source is attractiveness. If we like to look at a certain person, if we feel like this person is attractive, then we are also more likely to be convinced by this person, which is why all these beautiful people show up in commercials because, yeah, you know, marketees know this as well. In advertising, it's really a well-known fact that if you use beauty, your products sell better. Even though it's of course, you know, that's not a really good source, it's not, it doesn't matter whether someone is attractive while they're drinking coffee, yes or no, it doesn't matter. But still we know that we're more easily convinced if the source is attractive. Okay, so more about that in just a little bit. Then we move to the message. Characteristics of the message. What matters when it comes to hearing a certain message? First of all, of course, quality. If we hear arguments, we, if these arguments are of high quality, we're more likely to be convinced. Makes a lot of sense, right? But other things that really matters is whether this, this message elicits certain emotions. So if someone's trying to convince you and maybe saying all these numbers, like the many, how many cows a day are being killed for meat consumption and they just list all the numbers, then you're probably not, you know, gonna be affected so much. A message is more convincing when it's vivid, when really, we really feel it, you know, and if the message really gets across and elicits emotions in us. So for example, fear. Fear is also used, for example, on packages of cigarettes. The idea is if you buy the product and you see these nasty pictures, fear is elicited.  So fear is elicited and that can actually help to come to convey someone to change their minds. What is important to note though, with fear, fear eliciting messages, they work, but you have to also offer a solution. So for example, with the packages of cigarettes, they don't only have like these nasty pictures, these fear eliciting pictures, but they also have a number that you can dial if you want to get help quitting with smoking. So that seems to be very important as well. So offering a solution how you can change your behavior. So a second way of eliciting emotions is with an identifiable victim. So for example, if you want to convince people to donate money for a good cause, for example Parkinson's disease, what was really helpful for donations for Parkinson's disease was when a very famous actor, Michael J. Fox, was actually diagnosed with the disease because this was a very identifiable victim. A lot of people knew him. He was on television a lot and people felt like, wow, if he can get it, then I could also easily, you know, be affected by this disease. An identifiable victim works actually way better than just simply adding abstract numbers of how many people are affected yearly by Parkinson's disease. So here you see examples of how if a message elicits emotions, it's more successful. And finally, characteristics of the receiver. We are not all alike and we differ at how good we are in paying attention, for example. And one aspect that is something we discussed previously in lecture three is that our mood really matters. So in lecture three, we talked about that there's different ways of thinking, right? We have controlled thinking and we have automatic thinking. And if we are in a bad mood and we are a bit grumpy, then we're more likely to rely on controlled thinking. We process a certain message very thoroughly. We pay a lot of attention and we really want to make a good decision. Well, if we are in a good mood, we use automatic thinking and we just are more easily persuaded by, you know, cues that don't really matter at all. A second part of the receiver that matters is personality. Some people have a very high desire to think thoroughly. So these are people that are high in need for cognition. That means that people have a preference of processing information very deeply. So if you have a high need for cognition, you love like complicated puzzles and really solving things that are complex and studying and reading. And if you have a low need for cognition, you don't really like that. So you don't like it. It doesn't mean that there's a difference in intelligence. It's important to keep in mind. It's just a difference in preference. So if you like reading books, if you like to study, yes or no. And people that do like it, so that have a high need for cognition, they need more, you know, good information and high-quality persuasion in order to change their minds. So here we already see that it really matters a lot the way in which we are thinking. And this is, again, something we talked about in lecture three, but it's also really important here. And in order to know what type of persuasion we should use, we need to estimate how thoroughly the information will be processed by the receiver. So this is also captured in the following model, the elaboration likelihood model. And according to this model, it's really a lot like the different ways of thinking that we described in lecture three. So we have either the central roots of processing information or the peripheral roots of processing information. And if we use the central roots, then we really thoroughly process information. If we use the peripheral roots, we are, you know, more using our gut feelings. So the central root is really comparable to control thinking. And the peripheral root is really comparable to automatic thinking. So keep that in mind. So I'll give you some examples. So when will we be using the central roots of persuasion? We do this under the following conditions. First of all, we need to feel like we know enough about this. So we should have sufficient knowledge to make a judgment. It should also be something that is really relevant for us. We should really care about it. And we also should feel personally responsible to make a good decision. So in summary, we should both have the motivation and the ability to make a good decision and change our minds. This happens rarely. So we are not often, you know, very motivated and very able to change our minds. So this central root of persuasion is not used a lot. What we more often use is the peripheral roots. And with a peripheral root, we use this when, for example, a certain message is really complicated or incomplete. We feel like we don't have enough about this to really make, you know, a thorough decision. If we are just don't really care, it's personally irrelevant. Or if we are distracted or really tired, then we also don't use the central root. We rely on the peripheral roots. So if we either lack the motivation and or the ability, then we rely on the peripheral roots. And as we saw in lecture three, we do this a lot. So this automatic thinking, relying on peripheral roots is something that human beings actually do quite often. And, you know, we will see how that also affects us when we are making decisions and changing our attitudes. So I will illustrate this difference of which route you take. It can really make a huge difference in whether or not you will be persuaded. And that's very nicely, I think, illustrated in the following study. In this study, participants listen to a speech in which, and these participants were all students, they listened to a speech arguing that all senior college, senior students, should be required to pass a comprehensive exam before they can graduate. So they hear the speech and they can, afterwards, they can vote whether or not they think this new law is a good idea. So the law is, do you think it's a good idea for all master students to complete a very comprehensive exam before they can graduate? Is that a good idea? Yes or no? And there are several conditions. So for one group of the participants, they were instructed and told that if this law would be approved, it would become effective immediately, making it very personally relevant for these students. These were all students. So if they vote yes and this law is actually executed, it would mean that they personally have to make this comprehensive exam as well. In the second group, the participants were told, so maybe this law will be applied, but only in 10 years. So it's not relevant for this group of students. So that's a crucial difference. Then there were more differences. The quality of the arguments differed. So some arguments were of high quality and other arguments were of low quality. And then finally, the characteristics of the source differed. So for some students, some group of students, they listened to a very credible source. This was a really eminent professor at the university that really displayed a lot of status and also a lot of knowledge on this certain topic. And for the other group of students, there was a low prestige of the speaker. This was actually a high school student giving them the information, so low credibility. So complicated design, right? Okay, let's look at the results. And then you will see, I think, whether or not something is personally relevant and what a huge difference this makes. So here you see the graphs. Let's first look at the graph for the high personal relevance. Are the students convinced yes or no? So the red line is the line for strong arguments. So these students for which it was personally relevant, so the law would become effective immediately, they were more convinced by strong arguments. If it was weak arguments, they were not convinced. And you also see that there's a difference in source, low expertise source or high expertise source. That didn't really matter because this is peripheral Q. It doesn't, in the end, it doesn't really matter if it's an eminent professor saying this or a high school student. You should think it's a good, you know, good argumentation. And here you see very clearly, if you're paying attention, you're using the central route to processing information, you are convinced by good argumentation. The source peripheral Qs don't really matter that much. Then we turn to the low personal relevance. So these are the students that were told this law might become effective in 10 years. Immediately you see a huge difference there. They stopped really paying attention a lot. So you see that there's still a difference between strong arguments and weak arguments, meaning that the red line is still higher than the blue line. But the difference is way less pronounced than the first graph. And also, all of a sudden, the high expertise source is way more convincing for them than the low expertise source. Because this source, the credibility of the source, is a peripheral Q. If you see a professor arguing something, you just say, oh, probably a good idea. If it's a high school student, you're like, okay, I'm not convinced.  So if you want to change someone's mind, start by estimating which routes to persuasion they will use. Will they be using the central routes or the peripheral routes? So in the last part of the lecture, we'll be talking more about this. And we'll see the different influencing strategies that are used on us to change our minds by smart, marked tears. That's it for now.


I love hearing from new users and that video looks pretty cool where OpenStack is out there like building things. So something that we introduced in Paris was the Super User Award that we give away each summit for users who are doing really cool things with OpenStack and also contributing back to the community for everybody's benefit. And so the way that we do this is we have Super User Magazine. You can see that SuperUser.OpenStack.org and we also have a special print edition here for this summit and there are judges and editorial board that help to collect from the nominees a set of finalists. We had a really great set of nominees this time around. There were 10 nominees that were from four different continents and they're not only using OpenStack in their business but they're contributing back and giving back to the community. For example, the OpenStack team at the Distributed Systems Lab at Federal University of Campina Grande in Brazil was the number one organization for code commits during a research organization for code commits in the Metaca cycle. SwissCom's team uses OpenStack to develop and deploy Cloud Foundry. We talked about those different models earlier and Overstock.com is contributing to operator documentation for Magnum which is a request that I've heard pretty commonly for people who wanna get started with Magnum and all of these people are doing a lot for OpenStack and for the community. You can learn more about all of them in that print edition of SuperUser Magazine here. In Tokyo, the SuperUser award winner was the team at NTT and so to introduce the finalists and also to announce the winner of the SuperUser award this summit, I wanna bring up Toshikatsu Ichikawa and Shintaro Mizuno from NTT. Thank you, Jonathan. And good morning, everyone. My name is Shintaro Mizuno and this is my colleague Toshikazu Ichikawa and we represent NTT group. So we were honored to win the SuperUser award in Tokyo last year and we are very excited to present the SuperUser award today here in Austin. So, here are the finalists. The first finalists... The first finalists, OpenStack-based integrated cloud is deployed in production at 74 sites globally. They are planning 90% growth moving to more than 100 production up and network clouds by the end of 2016. Congratulations to the team at AT&T. So this team is working toward 1,300 hypervisors across two data centers to support around 200 applications serving more than 120 daily transactions and more than 2.7 billion API calls. Congratulations to the team at Bitfair. In March 2016, the next generation general availability region of Dream Compute hit the scene. Built to scale with customer demand, it has a utilization of over one terabyte of RAM, more than 700 virtual cores and nearly 50 terabyte of broken object storage supporting tens of thousands of customers. Congratulations to the Dreamhost team. Including the development environments, this company has more than 650 servers running OpenStack services and more than 50,000 cores. And by the second quarter of 2016, they would triple the total capacity. Congratulations, Workday. Each of the finalists will be speaking at the summit this week where you can learn more about their particular use case. And now, we are happy to announce the winner of this year's Supervise Award. Round roll, please. And the winner is... AT&T! Congratulations, AT&T. Come up on the stage. Yes, join us on stage. Come on up, AT&T. I think we told them they could only have 15, but I see they... I know how that works, you know. You guys did similar. Congratulations. Hey, congratulations. Thank you. I think we're going to grab a quick photo here. As you guys know, the next OpenStack summit is going to be in Barcelona. And as the winning team, we are sending you guys all on an awesome tour of Barcelona. Barcelona is an incredible city. Lots of fabulous architecture and lots of good food as well. And because we had such amazing finalists, we're actually expanding the travel prize this time. So each finalist is getting one of their team members funded to have travel, lodging, and their access to the summit funded in Barcelona. So thank you to AT&T and to all of our finalists. Express Line, 15 items only.


If you don't die soon... Alright, my your forger simps. Let's get to the show. Here we are! Oh my god, we're starting with the dog! I remember the dog was in the cage!   Oh no, a plane. I've seen 9-11. Don't tell me it's animated now. Anya, I missed you! Oh, you're- oh no! Oh, it's the red dress, I missed this. No! That's it, show's over, Anya dies. Thanks for the food! Oh, I miss her saying chichi. Oh, look how calm this is. I'm over here screaming, like a madman. But the scene is so calm and wholesome. Like, oh, oh. Oh, I miss this smile. This is the most beautiful thing you'll ever see in your life. No scenery can match this. Whoa, whoa! Wow. Oh! Again!  He's coming this episode. Why is it called Project Apple? Call it Project Dog! Damn!  But still, I got a D sometimes.  Maybe if they did, I'd get a C, I'd upgrade. Oh, god.  Ew, no. Oh!  Motherfucker, it looks like my grandpa on the right. Why is he sitting like a kangaroo, bro? No one's gonna adopt you. I feel bad, no.  I feel bad for cursing him out now. Look at them! Why is he standing like that? Like he's about to punch Anya in the face. No.  Did that dog just- just talk? Bro, that was literally a guy in the studio that made that noise. Already with a face? Why is this- I'm sorry, I can't even read this with this going on in the background. Are they trying to seduce little Anya?  Yeah, Anya. I feel bad for ugly dogs.  I love how this dog's reacting to Lloyd. What? What? What'd she say?   Oh, Lloyd. See? He's going into that father role a little more now. He's growing into it. Oh, I'll take it up with a handler. I want her to handle me. Uh-oh, daddy was golden. Being a chichi is part of the mission. No, it's not.   Oh, he looks like a felon. Oh, that's the handler. This guy is so lucky, man. Maybe you have to kick a dog to get in this room with her. Uh-oh. That's an anime villain. He lost his eyes.  He rat, yo! It's 6'9", over here. Takashi, 6'9".  Oh, my god. Oh, thrown in the cages with the rats. I'd pay for her. To dehumanize me. Yeah, rat him out.  He wants to be a rat. Join the sewer with him. I can't read all this! Forgot what show I was watching. Alright, I gotta put myself back in spy family mode. I forgot. Lloyd could turn into anybody. He might turn up as me. Bro, that's such a dangerous skill. Oh, my god. I would do the same thing, man.  I'd snitch on everybody.  Trap bombs to the dog! No! Man, if I see dogs exploding in this episode, I'm dropping the show. We're going back to something else. All that money they got from season 1, they were like, here we go. The things I would do to be in this room right now. Ooh, look at her being tactical. She's smart. She's not just beautiful. She's smart. That's why she got glasses. Glasses just make you ten times hotter. I know that white fur. Is that fatty?  You're going to split them up!  Look at him! He doesn't even have eyes! Or it's going to be like a one-piece dog. Wait, I heard a little noise. Is that Anya?  No, no!  Oh my god! No, he has powers! He has powers! There's no way! BORF! BORF! Oh, the guy I could do this season. This is too much. He just BORFed at me. Chantaro, I'm sorry. I know he's getting jealous back there, man. I'm sorry. Oh, no. What?  He's grateful.  I miss you Anya. Be on screen. Oh, no! Take all of them. I wouldn't be able to take one. Don't bring me to the adoption center.  My house is going to look like a zoo tomorrow.  I don't want no bunnies. They don't do anything, bro. They're just little furballs. They don't make noises.  Damn, I don't want these dogs. They're too basic, man. Hell, no.  Look how boring these bunnies are. I don't want them. Oh, I was going to say that. This is the best episode I've ever watched of any anime. This is too much, guys. Oh, my God. Only if real dogs could look like this. God, they didn't even finish this guy's character design in the back. Oh, this music, bro. Oh, I'm so excited for this season. Their first encounter. Uh-oh. That was the mental connection right there. Psychological connection. We don't want a toy poodle. We want a toy poodle.  I miss Anya's faces.  She said, stay in the adoption center. What are you going to do? You're going to go back to your orphanage if you keep this up. Set them free. Oh, my God. Look at him waiting for her. He's like a little polar bear. Who are you? Imagine he talks to you. Who are you? Imagine he talks. My name is Borf.  I thought he just spoke. My heart just sunk. It's anime villain guy. He doesn't have eyes, Anya. Hurry up. Was that Connie? Bro, his mother fuckers and everything. Look, it's Connie. If I see him one more time, I'm writing to the studios. Okay, villain dude. What are you doing, Anya? Hurry up. Yeah. Oh, no. Oh, the dog's going to box that off that wall now. Watch. This is the dog's moment. This is where they're going to fall in love. I can't deal with this, man. You better hope mama's not coming. You better hope mama doesn't hear this. Yeah, man. What do you do? I can't believe it. I can't believe it, man. Borf, come on, Borf. He's Borfing. He's Borfing. He's so fat. He can't barf, he Borfs. I can't. Oh, my God.  Hurry up. Turn into assassination mode. You'll find her. Mama's worried. I love that back. Look at her. She's worried. She's a true mom. Don't worry. Borf got this. I'm not even calling a bond. Y'all were wrong. His name is Borf.  He lied? Uh-oh. Whoa, I miss Lloyd's voice, man. If I wasn't straight, I mean, I'm still straight, but his voice just makes, makes my legs shake. Listen to this. Listen, listen. Kevin Knowles. That's not the sound of a terrorist.  Yo! If we start seeing birds, Chantaro, it's your moment. This is going to be the best season, isn't it? Or core, I'm sorry, cower. No! What in the... Seven hells is this music? Come on, Borf. Oh. He's still protecting her. They could communicate with each other.  She has that power. Now Anya could talk to the Borf. Oh, I saw, you saw Borf? Borf grabbed Anya. They're out. They're gone. They're gone. Wait, they left. Nobody's looking.  Yes! Let's go! Did they free the other dogs? Borf! He ain't Borf. He's Worf. Bond, he's wand. You can see the future. Oh, they are the Perf... I was going to say couple. Oh, God. They're the perfect pair. She could read minds, but he could see the future. The telepath.  Damn, how far is this building? I thought it was across the street. She's going to drop kick through the window right now. Oh, alright.  That's still on my brain. So they're abandoning the hideouts. That makes sense. So the guy didn't lie. They just got their rent out. Time.   Oh, no! What's she say? Police ossifus. I miss her wording. Come on, Borf. Kill him. Kill that dog. Kill him. I want to see a kaiju battle. Oh, yours coming. I know how these scenes set up. She's coming. Mama's coming. Milf! You picked the wrong alleyway. Oh, my God.  Uh-oh. A hentai! Wait a minute. I know that word. I miss the perverted kid. That's how he gets over. Ooh, this is colorful. She dropped the stove pots on her.  Oh, he's smiling! Oh, God. I swear, man, this show makes me happy. But at the same time, it makes me sad because I'll never have a family like this. Maybe I will. Maybe I will.  This is a happy song. I mean, it could be talking about murder. I don't know the lyrics. Hair is down. I like that. I like that shot. It's like there are all three of them going to work. Yours going to be an assassinator. Assassination, er, whatever it's called. An assassin. Wow.  Oh, my God. Lloyd's going to be his beautiful self-spying on people. And Anya's going to school to make all the little kids fall in love with her. That sounds wrong, but I meant that in the cute way. Yeah, they ended it with Borf. Or Borf. Yeah! Whoa, whoa! You know that kind of friend you have in your life?  Then you come back together and it's like you never left. Like, you're still our best friends. You're still talking as if you just talked yesterday. I feel like that's the feeling I get with Spy Family. I feel like when I go to other shows and they come back, I have to get back into it. I'm like, eh, these characters. Like, who are they again? With Spy Family, I know these characters. And I'm loving this. The way the dog and Anya get a bond because they both have these superhuman abilities or superanimal abilities. You're tapping into that mama role.  I'm liking this. And we're going to see more of the handler. You saw that shot with her nails and unloading that clip. She can unload my clip. You know what I mean? But guys, what do you think of the return? Are you excited? Are you excited for the rest of this season? I know it's not season two. It's like horror or cower. Let me know how to say it in the comments. But are you excited? Did you like the first episode back? Let me know. But other than that, I'm happy. This made me happy. This fixed my mood from yesterday. Yesterday, if you didn't know, it was hard for me, bro. I put up an emotional video and that was a lot for me. But leave it to Spy Family to come back during my favorite month of all time, October. Then we got Chainsaw Dog. Man, oh my God, Chainsaw Dog. Forgot. I want Pochita? Borf? Yeah, we're not calling them Bond. We're calling them Borf, the dog, and Chantano in like a team-up. Imagine that. Oh God, they need to do that. If they don't do that, I'm going to write it in. How do you guys feel about that? Anyways, that's it. I'll see you all in the next video. Peace out, my yore sluts.


Joe Biden is going to be asked in this clip. I'm about to show you about Medicare for all a policy that more than 70% of American support and A majority now of Republican support at 52% Here's what he's going to say to justify his unwillingness to support Medicare for all. He's essentially going to Make word salad. Take a look. What do you say to calls for some sort of universal health care or something like Medicare for all from some of the I think they're they're well intended. I think they mean it is and it's not I'm not but here's the deal Right now you have 60 you have this overwhelming number of employers for a pain in a health care plan Why let them off the hook all of a sudden they don't have to pay anything What happens then to this whole thing about profit and the rest? I mean it should be part of the compensation if you have it that was in Incredibly idiotic justification as to why he does not support Medicare for all Because quote you have an overwhelming number of employers paying into a health care plan Why let them off the hook? So his justification is this is a benefit that employers should be providing They give you money, but another part of compensation for your labor should be that they offer you health care Okay, I don't agree with that, but it's one justification, but he then switches gears abruptly He says all of a sudden they don't have to pay anything. What happens then to this whole thing about profit? So he talks about okay Well, we should have let employers off the hook, but then what happens to this whole thing about profit I genuinely don't know what he's trying to say here like I thought about this and I tried to interpret what he was saying I don't know what he's trying to say what happens to this whole thing about profit What are you talking about? I don't get what you're trying to say Joe He's making word salad here And he's trying to make it seem as if he has this reasonable justification for not supporting Medicare for all But this is not persuasive. In fact, this whole thing about profit is not even coherent So why is he saying this? Why is he opting for employers to be the ones to bear the burden of something that governments deal with in basically every other developed country well because a lot of unions Don't like the notion of Medicare for all being approved because that's one way that they can kind of demonstrate their value to workers By getting employers to offer more healthcare benefits So what he's kind of doing here is a wink and a nod to unions and I support unions Joe Biden doesn't actually support unions because he associates himself with union busters But if you're going to give a little bit of a wink and a nod to unions Wouldn't you be better off by proving that you support them by not teaming up with union busters Joe Biden now? He claims why should we let employers off the hook when it comes to health care? Why shouldn't they provide workers with health care? Well in a system where? Healthcare is not guaranteed where it's not free at the point of service. Sure I think it's incumbent on employers to fill that gap that isn't being filled by government But why should we be letting government off the hook? That's the question that we really should be asking because government already provides us with a number of services We give them our tax dollars and in return. They provide us with a military that will protect us from External threats. They give us drinkable water theoretically. They provide us with breathable air So why shouldn't health care also be something that they guarantee for us? furthermore a problem and really a flaw in thinking that it's important for us to have an employer-based health care system is That not all jobs offer health care so if you're not going to Mandate that every single employer offer health care then this really isn't a persuasive argument to make because not every Single job will offer health care and there will still be millions of people who will be left out Furthermore people who have an employer that does offer health care. Well, maybe they offer health care that is Shitty or maybe they offer health care alternatively that is good But the job itself is horrible.  That the reason why you don't support Medicare for all Joe is because you are in the tank of the health insurance industry They're betting on Joe Biden to save them from the momentum that we see for Medicare for all They're betting on Joe Biden to save them from Bernie Sanders who they are terrified of currently who they are increasing Benefits because they don't want him to kill them. You want to protect health insurance companies. That's what this is about That is precisely what this is about, but he's too much of a coward to admit it He is about protecting the profits of for-profit health insurance companies who don't actually care about the delivery of health care They care about profits. They have a fiduciary Responsibility to increase shareholder value whereas if government handled health care Well, they wouldn't have a goal to increase profit to make revenue Their one goal would be to deliver health care Which is why theoretically speaking you want the government to handle health care and not Employers to handle health care because if employers handle health care then that means that health insurance companies are still going to be responsible for the delivery of health care and Their motives conflict with what the American people need which is health care and Joe Biden either doesn't get that or he doesn't care. I Bet it's probably a little bit of both, but either way his answer here is incredibly Ignorance and it's not persuasive and it's one of the many reasons why he must be defeated Because if you're not going to come to the table with any new ideas that would excite the base You are playing with fire.  Who's betting a low turnout to win So if Democrats and liberals have any sense they will avoid voting for Joe Biden Otherwise you risk another four years of Donald Trump because if Joe Biden is the nominee I worry about his chances against Donald Trump. Could he win possibly but is it very likely that he could lose? Yeah, in fact currently I'd suspect that he would most likely lose because we just put up a centrist in 2016 and She lost and from what we're seeing in this early stage of his campaign Joe Biden is more out of touch than Hillary Clinton, which is almost unfathomable to me But he's more out of touch than Hillary Clinton We've got to defeat him. Otherwise Donald Trump will defeat all of us on the left in 2020


Hello and welcome to another edition of frightfully forgotten horror movies And we're gonna continue our Canadian horror movie theme, but before we get started. What are we drinking? Well after spending some time in the trauma ward finally got you to drink a moose head I guess it's not that bad, but it is fitting for a Canadian review. Yeah worth almost killing me for Today's episode is a patreon request and it's requested by Dave Vanderhoff You can follow him on Instagram as horror movie and a beer, which we will salute Anyone who likes horror movies and beer. We will be talking about 1986's killer party. This is directed by William fruit and he's directed another Canadian horror film Which we will be covering called the house by the lake or also death weekend Barney Cohen Wrote this actually and he did Friday the 13th the final chapter and he also created forever night shitty Canadian Vampires show about some vampire cop or something like that Remember being on and being kind of tacky Ralph Seymour is in this He was in ghoulies just to mention one movie amongst tons of stuff that he was in killer party starts off We see this family at a funeral home. They're gonna morning the casket Yeah, they're about to leave and one woman goes back in she wants to say her last goodbyes And she starts really giving it to this corpse.  They can't hear anything and but they also the casket I Then shows a shot of a couple in a drive-in and this is just a movie. They're watching. I'm like, oh man I want to keep watching this. Yeah seems pretty cool. The girl goes to the concession stand. It's completely empty There's nobody in there goes back to the car. The boyfriend isn't there He comes from the outside and he's like a zombie chasing her back into the concession stand There's some band there and start playing the sick April Fool's song that keyboard guy Then this turns out to be a music video that somebody else is watching yeah, yeah It's like oh man. It just blew my mind now.  He's actually buried like behind the sorority house. Did this kid have any other family? Yeah, he wanted to take the kid away. No family plot or anything Burying behind the sorority house the sorority mother kind of knows they're gonna be doing this hazing It's all talking to that to me.  Well, it's her Yeah, she pulled the prank on everybody the head of the sorority house is like royally pissed off by this But intrigued to on top of it and they end up letting all three girls into the sorority They do let Vivia in solely because of this prank and they want Vivia to recreate the prank during the April Fool's party that they're gonna have at that abandoned house The teachers get kind of wise that a party is gonna be happening So there's this one professor professor Zito starts casing out the house a little bit goes into the basement And you see the blade for the guillotine come down and then go back up all of a sudden he turns around He's like hey, what are you doing here? And he gets all electrocuted So the big party's on at the sorority house everyone's got super 80s costumes Like a costume party. Yeah, you got the 80s music going everybody's kind of dancing having a good time bottles and the mantles start Exploding and all this stuff starts happening and all of a sudden Jennifer Gets dragged into the basement you see her face to her eyes roll into the back of her head And she starts getting all kind of creepy you looking meanwhile the guys start getting kind of pissed off Some of them want to go help Jennifer Others don't and they start fighting and one of them stabs the other April Fool it was all a great prank, right? That's a boner That's your boner so the party's starting to wind down But there's a few people lingering and one of the girls is just getting her coat getting ready to leave and she's Approached by somebody in one of those old diving suits. I like how it even has the weights on it It went all out. This person's got a trident. Please no more pranks. You know, I've had enough Boom right through the stomach with it. The party's going on. This killer is gonna be loose.  Well, first of all the amount of misdirection in this movie is insane It starts off with the movie within a music video within a movie All about playing pranks in April Fool's and the movie is playing pranks on you before you even get into the major Plot to the movie. Yeah, it's so rare Yeah, and it's done so well in the misdirection with like who the killer might be you always see these feet Yeah, scratching at the ankle shoes approaching. There's always these POV shots So what but who's POV that old woman gets killed?   Yeah, I was thinking like oh man Like they don't show many kills they all cut before any gore really happens was not intentional They had to cut it to make the rating so they did film and stuff with good effects and good gore But they had to ditch it goes to open up the fridge and they see this and it cuts like right like oh man I want to see the hand come right up Yeah blood and everything you know and the characters for this movie are super great all memorable Individual and individuals. Yeah, like you remember each one and they all have their own little quirks about them And they're not cliches either. Yeah, they can easily be in 80s movie Maybe that Martin characters a little bit of a cliche awkward kind of guy.   What do you want me to do? I didn't know I'd have a choice. Yeah That's great. You very rarely do kind of a low-budget Canadian movie the acting is really good There's not one phoned in bad performance and for a bunch of unknown actors like all the girls pretty much unknown Haven't done much before since they're solid Yeah, you could completely believe them with the production value does not feel low-budget or Canadian for that matter too, right? Has the same vibe as prom night to that same look that same kind of production value Which again doesn't look Canadian and this movie was supposed to actually be called April Fools But because it was done in 83 and then shelled for three years April Fools day took the name All right, so then they couldn't call it that so they had to call it killer party Which is actually a pretty good title anyways Yeah, good enough and it works for the movie April Fools day is a better title for April Fools day Yeah killer parties a good title for this exactly. I think it worked the writing in this movie is great The dialogue is not hokey. It's funny when it's supposed to be funny It's not funny because it's bad or horrible. It's believable.  These are the best Movie ends all bleak and everything and then that happy song plays these are the best days So you can tell they're kind of taking the piss of it Yeah, they knew what they were doing and the twists in this movie especially at the end where you expect it to be like a Killer it goes completely left field It is a whoa the shit hits the fan at the end and it's quite the finale The whole sorority house is all falling apart and stairs are crumbling It's complete madness and it's pulled off very well like the production on that last act is great And then the last act is over and there's another twist at the end Exactly, which is great.  Well, that's over.  Yeah from that exactly, right? The movie keeps going Abandoned sorority house is a great setting for a movie they decorate it up for the party So it's still kind of run down, but now it's all colorful and lit up It's kind of neat how they use the same place, but it's got two different looks to it, right? Yeah, depending on what point the movie you're in they keep things fresh. Yeah, give me an 80s party any yeah That fridge that leopard print fridge Man, I'd love something like that. That'd be awesome. There were a couple of things about this movie We did have a little bit of issue with and mostly it was the pacing where they could have spent their time on better Things like it took a little bit too long to get to the big party at the end and they also could have spent more time explaining Why all this is happening? So they probably could have like ditched a couple of scenes and expanded the party I also wish they would have went more into the Possession and the occult side of things they only touch on it in like one sentence other than that It's a super fun movie it even though. There's not kills happening right away and plentiful until in the end You're still enjoying the movie. Yeah, the characters keep you going and you're always Wanting more. Yes, if you want a good 80s slasher that's kind of half horror half comedy and does both pretty damn good Yeah, check out 1986's killer party And until next time keep drinking moose head You