Good afternoon everyone. I was told to get started right on time, so I'm going to get that underway My name is Chris I'm here to talk to you about the project browser strategic initiative where we're at and how you can help so we've been making a lot of wonderful progress over the last couple of years and We'll share where we're at and how you can help Also, this QR code goes right to the slides, which is the same as that link That's kind of in the middle bit.ly slash PB Pittsburgh 23 So if you want to follow along in the slides you can go ahead and scan the code or pull up that link and There's a bunch of links also in there. Yes, sir. Oh because it's not the You do it because otherwise the whole presentation Do you like getting with the link in view or something? No in the actual Google Docs sharing settings So we'll get that underway ASAP. Thank you for that heads up. So what is the project browser initiative? Dries talked about a little bit this morning in his Dries note And as we'll see he talked about it a couple years ago in his Dries note as well So at Drupalcon North America in 2021 he talked about the project browser His vision for it his goal for it was to make it easy for site builders to find and install modules And then in 2022 he clarified that a little bit further He says people want to be able to discover great modules From within Drupal without having to go to Drupal.org and then install those modules with the click of a button So who are these people? He's talked at length about the idea of sort of ambitious site builders and who they are and what they do But to us we're really looking at getting back to some of the Drupal roots of low code no code making it easy to expand your platform without having to be Super technical without having to know a ton of the Composer Incantations that you need to do so it's important that we remember that our target audience here are those site builders And those new to Drupal so one thing that can happen from time to time when we present at camps and conferences is we end up speaking to a lot of Really wonderful, but really technical people So I just want you to remember who we are targeting here with this project and what we're trying to go for as we look ahead So what do we have for a project browser now? Website Drupal.org you can go to build and modules and you can use the search criteria here And you can find the modules that you might want to use Or a lot of people also do these searches just on Google and Sort of bypass the Drupal.org search interface and end up finding modules that way so these filters are Maybe a little overwhelming to some of these this target audience I'm new to Drupal, so I don't necessarily know what stability or the security advisory coverage means Or you know I'm a site builder and I just really am focused on what does it do? Right and in these results we have a little bit of also inconsistency around How these descriptions are laid out it's kind of up to the module maintainers to decide what's important some of those descriptions end up being Highly technical and not necessarily written for our target audience So where we have landed today is we do have a module in the contrib space called project browser at this point It's fairly useful We are on a beta 4 version and what we're working towards is getting an MVP If you're not familiar with that language from Agile, it's the Minimum viable product. So what is the absolute minimum that would make project browser useful and functional to our target audience? And so we're working towards that MVP. We're currently on beta 4 And you can try it now by clicking the try it now button So what have we accomplished thus far? We have a De-coupled architecture around the project browser So the front end of the project browser is actually written in Svelte the JavaScript framework of Svelte And we have a pluggable source system So that is to say when you go and you get the list of modules that you want to display To your users and install them You're actually making a request to your Drupal site from your browser from the front end In that decoupled way and then it's going and fetching data from somewhere else in order to figure out what data to display That's implemented as a plug-in, which means you can extend project browser by writing your own source back-end And we actually have Example code for how to write your own source plug-in and back-end. There's an example module to do it It's really only two methods. I think that you really need to worry about So that's very easy to do and as long as you're giving data back in the right structure will present those modules to you So this makes it really cool really easy for you to say If you're an institution of higher education, you know a university or something and you only have you know a hundred modules That are approved you could write your own source plug-in and Give access to your users to add and install only those modules, which you've approved kind of neat We also have a faceted search with sensible defaults So thinking about that ambitious site builder that someone new to Drupal We want to give you sensible defaults of the kind of modules that we Recommend that you install for example only ones that have security advisory coverage only ones that have a stable release as A power user you can go in and you can clear those filters and you can get more modules presented to you If you kind of know what you're doing, but we want to give you sensible defaults And then you can drill through and filter by category, which we'll talk a little bit more about at length We also have accomplished actual click to install so you can if you have enabled all of the right Dependencies for example, if you were at the automatic updates talk this morning They may have talked about package manager from automatic updates package manager is the sort of sub module that we rely on that Is the glue between your Drupal site and Composer so if you have package manager enabled and you meet some of the other requirements that can allow it to be turned on then You can actually hit add and install Watch it go it runs the composer commands in the background for you gives you a little spinner and Enables the module for you at the end of the day so that if you want to turn on the admin toolbar You can turn on the admin toolbar with the UI We also have kind of an alpha stage Drupal API endpoint So something that we've been using in order to build this system without having a real endpoint on Drupal.org To date is we created a mock fixture. So we used to It's a bunch of mumbo jumbo for a giant JSON file that contains all of the data from Drupal.org about You know what projects what usage what compatibility they have and we've been actually Taking point-in-time snapshots of Drupal's data and loading that in with project browser and Using that to sort of mock up what the API would look like But we actually do have an alpha stage Drupal API real JSON API endpoint that Fran from the Association has been working very hard on over the last few months So we're very close to actually being able to deprecate that sort of snapshot mock back-end and use a real live back-end of Drupal data and we have tests I would be remiss if I didn't point out that we have a lot of really good automated tests written For the software that we've written so far. So on the back-end side, that's a lot of what we've accomplished We didn't introduce Leslie, but Leslie Glenn is my co-initiative lead here and also my co-worker at Redfinn and I'll turn it over to her with some other stuff that we've accomplished Thank You Chris. I'm gonna take this off because I'm very soft-spoken. Can everybody hear me out in the back there? Okay, perfect. Thank you All right, so some of the things we've accomplished we have a site builder subcommittee more of looking at our target audience site Builders those new to Drupal making sure that what we're building is going to be useful to those audiences and to everybody That's going to be using it so some of the things we've been doing is we Started the process of creating logos for all the different modules So in order for it to show up in the project browser It'd be nice to have a nice logo for the for the module. So we've been working on those And I'm going to talk about each one of these in more detail in a minute We've been creating short Non-technical descriptions of the projects and that is so that when people go to the cards and they say his you know I'm going to look at project browser and it returns these different modules You can get a quick glimpse in a non-technical way of what that module will do for you okay The next thing we've done is we've worked hard on trying to reorganize the categories and I'll talk again about that But there's 55 categories right now if you go to Drupal organ That's it's just a way to filter for different types of modules and we'll talk about that But we've been working hard to try and cut that number down Because 55 is overwhelming when you're trying to go look for a module. You have no idea which category to even look at so we're trying to make that set of Categories much smaller so that it's more of helpful of a filter for people who are looking for modules And then we're working on the project detail page as Chris said in Drupal org It's very technical very long. They're not consistent. Chris will talk about that in a little more detail So these are some of the things we've been working on All right, so how do you get involved? Everybody in this room can have a role in project browser You could all contribute in your own way. So let's talk about some of the ways you can help us with this initiative All right, so the first thing you can do Very straightforward. You can go to the project browser contribute module page and just Check it out. Try project browser out. Give us feedback. What works. What doesn't work? What do you understand? What is too technical? So that's one thing you can do so on the project browser page this highlighted down there in the bottom It says try it now Basically you click on that button It'll spin up a Drupal pod instance of Drupal 10 With the latest version of project browser install So it'll create a Drupal site for you with project browser installed and you can just walk through that and give us feedback All right, so basically once you do the try it now, it'll spin up this Drupal pod site for you This you know will show you the code so you can actually look at the code in the background But really what you want to do in the top right of the screen There'll be a way for you to look at the actual website is built so Where that's pointing to up there that allows you to get a full screen version of your Drupal site so click on that and Then you'll come to your website and basically you want to log in here. It's very secure Don't tell anybody what the login here. It's admin username admin password again. It's on your local so But that is the login to get into Drupal pod and then you're going to go under extend like you do in the admin toolbar Anyway, go to extend and we have a new option there to browse modules. It's a very straightforward So basically you can help us just by spinning this up on your local machines going to this Site is it is built and just giving us feedback. All right, so First this is what the project browser looks like and I'm going to explain it just in high detail right here But the first thing you should do is take a look at that note up the top Chris talked about your real-time syncing of the data It only syncs it when when we do a manual update of the data So what's on jubal.org isn't going to 100% match what's in the project browser This is just a project browser the data as of the last manual sync that was done. Okay, so don't be confused It's not going to be so if you look at some on jubal.org you say hey How come it doesn't come up in project browser with the new description? It's because it hasn't been synced yet So the default filters These modules that it returns will be compatible with your version of jubal, which is really cool So I'm running a jubal 10 site. It's only going to bring me back Projects are modules that are compatible with jubal 10. It's not going to bring me back to pull seven modules Not going to bring me back to pull six module where you get a you know go through and figure out what's useful for you It's only going to bring back modules that are Compatible with your version of jubal Only but the default is only brings you back modules that have security coverage and Also that are actively maintained So that set that comes back to you is hopefully going to be for our target audience Most helpful to them. Those are the ones they want to look at first now Are you somebody that's more technical and you want to look at something very specific? You can go to the advanced filters and you can you know look for different things I want to bring back that the dev versions of modules for instance You can do that but the default is has security coverage and is maintained and is compatible with my version of jubal And the default sort the order here is by most active installs So the things that have that are the most popular will be at the top of the list can This is sort by you can sort by other things you can sort of alphabetically there's different options there But the default is based on the number of installs All right, so these are the card views so for each module is going to bring you back the logo The name of the module the short non-technical description there which categories it belongs to so the Automated automatic updates initiative Allows you to install modules on your site without going out and using composer So our target audience if you say You know you need to go to a terminal window. You need to run composing you need to run all these commands That's sometimes overwhelming So this allows you to do it right through the browser So you can just click on the button that says add and install and if I want to install path auto I clicked on that button and then I see down the bottom right a series of messages as it progresses through It'll go from in process to Requiring modules and we'll have different stages down there. So another way you can help us is By just going into the project browser through the try it now as I just showed you and try and install some modules Walk through see the different messages you get are they helpful? You know, does it does it successfully install? What do you see that feedback is super helpful to us as well? So that's another way that you can help us out now It also looks at dependencies it runs composer in the background so Because token is a dependency on path auto if I install path auto It's going to install token for me as well. Okay, so it does that automatically You don't have to worry about what are all the dependencies? What other modules am I going to have to install to get path auto to install does that for you? You'll see they both have the installed at the bottom once it goes through the composer in the back end You may have to refresh your screen to see that token was installed that was something that still needed to be worked on So just refresh your screen. So the Ajax will show you that it did install both All right, so now what's another way you can help any designers or front-end people that interested in making logos in the room at all Okay, so Yeah, exactly, that's great. That's a that's an easy way for you to contribute So we have a meta issue meta just means it's a big issue with all the child issues for all the different Projects or modules that need logos created for them So basically you go to this meta issue and you just can select a child issue to work on This is something designers can help with so You can Next one. Sorry the arrow got me child issues. Oh, yeah, down there. Those are the child issues. Okay There you go So to add a proposed logo what you want to basically do is create a logo. That's 512 by 512 Needs to be PNG format No animations and the file size should be 10k or less so that it pulls up quickly in the project browser So those are the requirements It is using GitLab now for to pull the Logos from so if the next screen Chris down here, this is in GitLab. So this is more for the maintainers So the community will create the logos anybody that wants to contribute create the logos Somebody in the community views them and says yep, it fits the requirements. It's 512. It's a PNG then we move them the Issue over to the maintainers the module maintainer They're going to go in and actually make the change and the project page on Drupal org Okay, so they're going to go and add this logo to a PNG file and Then the logo once you do that it's going to show up in GitLab It's going to show up in the project browser and it's going to show up on Drupal org So that logo is going to be used across all of those once it gets added to the code base now one thing I should point out is When we started this project a year and a half when we started creating some of these logos The initial thought was we were going to use the first image on the project page Instead of using we didn't know that we were going to be using the code for the logo dot PNG So if you did if you are a maintainer and you did add The logo as your first image we recommend that you take it off the first image and then you put it in the actual code base Because that's where we're pulling from now See us afterwards if you have a question or not All right as we're going to be updating the logos We also need to update those short descriptions I showed you on the cards where the short description comes in if I'm browsing for a module That's the first place. I'm going to go to say You know, do I think this module fits my criteria? So that's why we need the short Description that allows you to You know go through a vetting first does it sound like it's going to be something that I'm interested in We need documentation experts anybody that likes to just write information, right? You know technical. This is how something works. You could help us with these short descriptions So we're trying to answer the question. What does this module do in a non-tactical way? In 200 characters or less So that's what we're trying to do with these short descriptions who can help with this as I said people interested in documentation site builders Can help us and pretty much anybody can help module maintainers. You're welcome to help as well. You could make these Short descriptions. We just have to make sure that they're not too tactical Alright, so how does a maintainer add this short description? Where does it go? Once the community has created this short description, somebody's reviewed it made sure it fits the criteria Again, we send it over to the maintainer They're going to update the summary field on the project page on Drupal dot org. So again the maintainer needs to do this So they're just going to look at the description field open up the summary And that's where they're going to put in the description. Where does the description appear? It appears on the cards in the project browser All right, so how many maintainers are in the room? Anybody So maintainers you maintain modules projects great So what you're going to do is you're going to get two new issues You're going to get one issue update the logo for compatibility with project browser And you're going to get another issue update the summary on the detail page for compatibility with project browser We'll tell you what the community has suggested or proposed for these things and then you can make them In Drupal dot org on your project page. Okay, so maintainers. We will be giving you these two issues All right, let's talk for a minute about categories. I mentioned categories before When maintainers go to add a project they say if somebody's looking for a project in these different Categories of these different filters They can add as many categories as they want right now. So we have modules that have no categories We have modules that actually listed under 30 different categories Now that's not very helpful if we're trying to you know use these categories in in the way that they were intended So we've come up and we've spent quite a bit of time doing this with a lot of time We've come up with a list of 19 categories From the 55 so what we need this week is Is For folks to fill out this form Anybody everybody would like everybody to do this. There's a QR code there or you can go to the bit.ly PB for project browser category feedback Basically, what this does is it gives you the list of the 19 categories It gives you the scope or a little description of what each one of those does and we just want you to tell us Doesn't do these make sense You know these descriptions, you know, would they be helpful if you were searching for modules and did we miss anything? Before we can give these 19 out or whatever we come up with for a set out to all the maintainers now remember How many how many modules did we say currently we have? Over 50,000 correct So before we say okay update your modules We want to make sure we have a good set of categories because we're not going to go back to the maintainers a second time Right, so we really need your feedback are these categories You know going to be helpful or did we miss anything? So if you could all do that if that's the only thing you do to help us out this week That would be super helpful. We want you to help us more, but at least at least do that All right Chris. I think Thank you Rob. This one is where we're starting to sort of bridge the gap and I'm Just before this presentation started I Reclassified this one as being I think part of the MVP even though it was a little bit mark not but I'm feeling very ambitious Ever since trees said that word a few hours ago So what I would like to do is have a real Project detail page inside of project browser So if you see the card view you read the 200 characters and you say I think this is what I want But I'd like a little bit more information We can have you click through to that and just go to the page on Drupal.org Or we can present you with a somewhat streamlined interface inside of project browser to help you get that additional information So we are trying to decide what is most useful to people We've had a fair amount of discussion around that content hierarchy. We did a buff in Prague With the folks and talked about that we sent a survey out recently and collected some data about what's useful So I feel like we generally know what we want to present and we need help Getting it there and so it's a great issue to work on if you're Feeling like you want something a little bit meatier Maybe you do want to touch the spelt side of things and wire up if you have any experience with decoupled Fetching the data getting it and displaying it and some markup That's a very good issue to work on So before I embarrass myself further I'm just going to say that on this next slide This is what I have done to try to get some of the plumbing in place to make this work with with zero design sense whatsoever so This is kind of where we're at today and we still don't even really like this and a lot of stuff We didn't even have the the data in the API for and I think we may even want to get rid of this release data in this initial interstitial step So this is a area where UI and UX people can help where front-end JavaScript people can help where back-end PHP people can help to collect data and push it out to the API call that we're making It's kind of a big piece, but I think it would be a huge boon To be able to have sort of a second level of information page Inside of the project browser so that there's even less of a need to jump off to Drupal.org From your site because that is as we saw in that second quote from Drupal I want to be able to use the app store or the project browser right on my site and install modules with a click so This is a great issue for people who are who are kind of wanting to sink their teeth into something So like I said the front-end is De-coupled and it's built with Svelte So everything that you see between the header and the footer is Presented by Svelte so you kind of see basically the whole content region if you're familiar with that parlance is all One empty div that gets mounted with JavaScript with Svelte We like Svelte we have some sort of cursory Buy-in from folks on the core team that we could probably get Svelte into core That's one way to get a modern front-end framework into core One of the reasons it makes a little bit easier is it's compiled code So you don't necessarily need a specific version to lean on so for example if you're trying to get react into core Much like when we got jQuery into core We kind of said oh jQuery core ships with you know 1.7 and then you need jQuery update if you want to use 1.9 Loading react into core would be similar with Svelte You just get vanilla JavaScript at the end of the day and you can then ship that so that's one of the main reasons why we lean to on Svelte for our front-end framework, so we're gonna see where we get with that We are trying to Work against the Drupal design system, which is not necessarily something that we did early on So there are some elements in our UI that are not Compatible with the Drupal design system or don't I shouldn't say compatible adhere to the Drupal design system That's something that we are working on there is a proposal To make the Svelte side now Themable and that's going to be a little bit of a tricky Drupalism that we're going to overcome we have a core not a core conversation, but we're going to be discussing Some proposals around that tomorrow I believe So that is an important aspect here is once that front-end is theme-able you can then Do things on your own to you know change classes Change the design of the project browser yourself Add data points to it and that sort of thing if you have additional data coming in from your Say your custom source plugin Accessibility review is another thing that people could be working on and right now There's a meta issue for UX improvements the UX group went through and made a bunch of small issues And a lot of those still need to be worked on And there's you know in addition to what I've said here are yet more front-end issues that could totally be worked on Here this week, so you know doing things like matching the Drupal design system Or right now the image on that card view doesn't click through and we probably want it to Oh, of course, we do this at 2 o'clock guys. I got to take my medicine Very persistent alarm is going on. I have to solve a math problem before it'll stop. Okay Sorry about that Right now in the categories list We don't show you when you click that facet there click through to say the accessibility category We could show you that when you click here there will be through 35 modules. We don't do that now But we want to There's a big blocker here this improve UI of results count It needs a good review a good technical review and it might even need a pretty hairy rebase So that's definitely stuff that can work on There's some lightweight things here that is just you know if you click the X and clear the search box It doesn't research with the With the keyword empty and we need it to do that So there's some good kind of novice issues in there if you're looking at to do something kind of lightweight and dip your toes in and we have Some code issues that you can work on in that On the back end we have some meteor things So one thing that we can do is we can add add add to our code base And then we can even uninstall but they'll stay in our composer code base We want to actually remove them using the project browser UI and you know issue like a composer remove right? We don't have that at all now. We have some MRs open that have started to advance that work, but that needs some help Like I said, we want to switch to using the real Drupal.org JSON API endpoint and deprecate the mock And that needs a good technical review as well. And again a little bit of novice issues The tab order we probably want to change We probably want to be the first way that you install modules and not the third tab in that in that list now And then of course like I was describing around the project detail page We definitely want to implement whatever that is and whatever we decide there So really what is next for project browser number one is actually Not project browser related, but it's getting package manager into core Since that's a dependency of ours and of automatic updates We want to get package manager into core Adam. How close are we on that? What's that working on it? We've got a few open issues like a Bunch all right, so that Good good for you Adam is non-committal but And and that's what we need we need to get package manager into core before project browser can get into core so we definitely want to throw as much effort that way as possible as well and Then we have issues tagged as core MVP So these are the issues that we actually do want to go into the MVP that would make us say This is a good minimum viable product and we can put it into core as it is This originally said 13 issues, but like I said about an hour ago I added the project detail page to the core MVP list and I'm just gonna stay optimistic that we can get that Taking care of It's already plumbed in the Svelta app. It's just not fully complete and So we could undo it and just link to Drupal.org, but I feel like no, let's get it in there So that's that's our plan. That's what's next So I'm gonna turn it back over to Aaron when born award winner Leslie Glenn for To talk about contribution All right, so why contribute a project browser? Well, the most important thing is This is the first place people will go to they install Drupal The next thing they're gonna do is try to add functionality to their Drupal site so Wouldn't it be cool for you to be part of that everybody that installs a Drupal site that see project browser You say wow, I helped build project browser So we really think that that's a great win for you to get involved with this Anybody can get involved we you we can use any type of individual with any skill level you can be a beginner You could be a super expert maintainer. We need all of you to help us out. I do have a bitly link there Bitly PB contributions for project browser contributions. I try to keep that updated So even once you leave here this week, that'll always have opportunities for you to contribute to the project browser So that's a one-stop shop to go to get all the different links that Chris and I have talked about today Definitely, you know Take a take a picture of the QR code or go to that link and just follow that and you can give that to your colleagues when you get back And continue to contribute So where can you find us this week? Chris is going to be in general contribution every day most of the time when he's not at a session that's related to project browser We have two buffs tomorrow for those of you who don't know what buffs are they're like discussion groups They're birds of a feather people who are like-minded thinking of the same type of you know thing They want to work on so we have one tomorrow from 8 30 to 9 Updating content on the project pages. So that's kind of what I talked about with logos descriptions How you can help with that and some of the challenges were happening with that and then from 9 to 9 30 We're having a hands-on so come You know try things out give us feedback We'll help you out getting that try it now working on your machine anybody that wants that so you can come to those two birds of a feathers On Wednesday, there's the Drupal initiative keynote, which I'm speaking at That's just a real high-level look at all the different initiatives They're going on and seeing where you think you best can fit and then you contribute for the rest of the day To that initiative so definitely come listen to that whether you choose to do project browser or another initiative It'd be great if you just come listen to that at 9 o'clock on Wednesday and Stay for the day and help contribute and they'll be mentors all day So there'll be people to help you so don't be intimidated. I can't contribute anybody as I said anybody in this room Everybody in this room can contribute. We all started with you know going to our first contribution event and then Thursday There's then general contribution all day so you definitely can come help on Thursday as well So how can you join it beyond this week? Go to the Drupal Slack and join the project dash browser channel. That's where we have meetings We have a site builder meeting that I run on Tuesdays at 4 p.m. Eastern There's also a more general on Wednesday at 10 a.m. That Chris runs those are asynchronous They're in slack so we just start threads and people just contribute to the threads So if you're not in our time zone or you have a meeting at that time check in later on that day And you can just give you our feedback give your helpful comments to us in the slack channels You can work on the issues that we talked about check out the issue queue and I want to make sure I thank you We've had probably a hundred people contribute things here and there over the past year or so to the project browser So thank you that everybody that has contributed and to everybody that in here and that will contribute and Chris and I that's how you can reach us on project browser at Chris from Redfin and at Leslie G And I just wanted to thank Redfin that Chris mentioned earlier For supporting some of our time on the project browser initiative and now I think we're ready for Q&A So who has questions? Yeah Any questions Right so the court the question is For the short descriptions do we have editors or do we have folks that are reviewing the short descriptions that are created to make sure they fit the Requirements in they're not too technical The answer is you're all reviewers anybody that wants to in the community that wants to review those issues can So you don't have to be an editor you don't have to have you know documentation skills Anybody can read those to say oh, I wouldn't understand this. I think that's too technical or it's too long It's more than 200 characters. So You know you create the score short description somebody else in the community reviews it So there is a second level there before we give it to the maintainer same with logos You can create the logos or you can just go and look at the logos to make sure that they fit the criteria No, but we were the question was we do we have somebody dedicated to make sure that all the descriptions and such are Consistent the answer is no We have some people that have done multiple reviews would love to have that if there's somebody in the community or a group of People who want to review those in a consistent would love to have you have one board to help us out I'll just add to that. There is a process for all Drupal issues which require that they go from Getting written to then going to a needs review status and then that someone else will review it and say it looks good or bad Then it goes to reviewed and tested by the community So at that point then it always kind of falls to Leslie or myself to then at the end when it says our TBC We are always taking a final look at it. So At the end of the day, we are probably responsible We're kind of the two at the end of the day to make sure it's consistent and non-technical So there is a process built in but it's a lot more community oriented than maybe a publishing workflow would be inside a university or something Other questions The question is where does the actual contribution for logos and descriptions happen? So there is a issue for each Logo and description for each of the top hundred modules. Some of them are closed now. Yeah We're targeting the top hundred sort of most popular modules, but you know, we can continue on from there So the issue opens with something like create a new logo for XYZ And then as we go down some people will upload some ideas for a logo or for a description Other people will chime in and say I like that. I don't like that needs work and then ultimately we update the issue summary with the proposed description or the proposed logo so that What we've kind of reached consensus on is right there in the top in the issue summary And then it will go through that same process, you know needs review reviewed and tested by the community And then the maintainers themselves actually will say, okay, this is good I do agree that it meets all the criteria and then we'll move it over to the Maintainers queue. So if it's like a logo for the token module, then we'll put an issue in the token module Issued queue for them to say hey put this logo in anything else Well, we are happy to be here for you If you have any questions or want to come say hi feel free to find us like I said I'll probably be in the contribution room most of the time Leslie will be all over the place probably most of the time Anything else that you want? Yeah, I just wanted to say hopefully you've all found something that you can help with Whether it's on our initiative of some other Contributing back to the community is super important to the to Drupal to advance the project So thank you for coming and listening and come and let us know if you want to help out We'll see you all on Wednesday on contribution day. Hopefully Thank you


So, in the bromination of propane, a whopping 97% of my products is in the form of 2-brome propane and only 3% of it is in the form of 1-brome propane. Now this is actually really interesting because if we compare it with the corresponding chlorination reaction, then in chlorination, both of these products are more 50-50. The 2-chloro product is only slightly higher at 55%. Now do note that in both these cases, the 2-degree product is the major product and this is because it's much easier to break these 2-degree carbon hydrogen bonds compared to breaking these 1-degree hydrogen bonds as this will lead to the formation of a more stable 2-degree radical compared to a 1-degree radical. In fact, it's been experimentally found out that while it requires 98 kcal to break each of these bonds, it only requires 95 kcal per mole to break these bonds. So therefore in chlorination, even though it's more likely for the chlorine radicals that are formed to collide against these 1-degree hydrogen atoms as they are more in number, but because it's much easier to break these bonds, it's much easier to form a 2-degree radical compared to forming a 1-degree radical. So therefore ultimately, a greater number of 2-degree radicals are formed in the course of the reaction, which ultimately makes the 2-chloro product the major product, right? Now even in bromination, we have the same number of 1-degree and 2-degree hydrogen atoms compared to chlorination and even out here it requires the exact same 95 kcal to break these bonds and 98 kcal per mole to break these ones. So even in bromination, we should expect the 1-brom product and the 2-brom product to be in the same 45-to-55 ratio, right? So what's really going on out here? Let's find out. Now before we move forward, I'll give you a little hint. The only thing that's different between these two reactions is actually the nature of the bonds that are being formed rather than the nature of the bonds that are being broken, right? So if we dig in deeper, that in chlorination and even in bromination, even though the energy that is required to break these carbon hydrogen bonds is the same in both the cases, but the energy that is released is different in both these cases, right? HCl is a much stronger bond compared to HBr. 103 kcal per mole of energy is released during the formation of HCl, but only 87 kcal is released by the formation of HBr. So therefore, in the formation of 1-degree radicals via chlorination, while 98 kcal is required to break these bonds, 103 kcal is released by the formation of these bonds. So ultimately in this process, 5 kcal of energy will be released, right? Similarly, in the formation of 2-degree radicals, 8 kcal of energy will be released. It's slightly higher as breaking these 2-degree carbon hydrogen bonds requires lesser energy, but ultimately formation of these carbon radicals via chlorination is exothermic, right? It's exothermic. On the other hand, if you look at bromination, while 98 kcal is required to break this bond, only 87 kcal is released by the formation of an HBr bond. So this reaction as well as this one, both of these reactions are endothermic, right? So while formation of these carbon radicals via chlorination is exothermic, in case of bromination it's endothermic, and this and this as we'll see in this video, for the high selectivity of bromination compared to chlorination. Now to understand the relationship between endothermicity or exothermicity with selectivity, we need to look at the energy profile of the reactions. Now I'm sure you must have come across these kind of diagrams, these energy diagrams earlier, but let's do a quick recap of the most essential points. So let's say we have some reactants A2 and B2 and these reactants react to form some products let's say two times of AB. Now chemical reactions most of the time don't happen automatically, but instead the first need to cross an energy barrier which we call the activation energy. So let's say if we have some A2 molecules and some B2 molecules in a container, then these molecules will not spontaneously convert into my products. But only if they collide with the proper orientation and proper energy, only then some new bonds can get broken, some new bonds can get formed and all bonds broken and only then we'll get our products, right? Now this state in which new bonds are getting formed and all bonds are broken, this is the most energetically unfavorable state these reactants can find themselves in and this is what we call the transition state. So once the energy of the reactants, in other words we can say that when the energy of the reactants reaches the energy of the transition state, the reaction trips over to form the products. Now it turns out that in exothermic reactions like this one in which we have a chlorine radical abstracting a hydrogen atom from propene to form a first degree radical, in this kind of reactions in which there's a decrease in energy, in such reactions the transition state of the reaction is achieved early into the reaction. On the other hand in case of endothermic reactions in which there's an increase in energy going from the reactant to the products, in endothermic reactions the transition state of the reaction is achieved late into the reaction. So what does being early and being late mean and what are the consequences? To understand let's think about a chlorine radical trying to abstract a hydrogen atom from a carbon hydrogen bond. In fact let me first talk about a bromine radical, let me take a bromine radical it will be much easier to explain and then we will come to the chlorine radical. Now if you recollect chemical bonds are not static, right? They keep vibrating so this carbon hydrogen bond is actually vibrating. So this bonds like a vibrating and as it vibrates as these atoms move further away. See every single time I try like forcing myself to do this, okay, okay so this is like this is a very bad representation of a bond vibrating. But let's imagine this bond vibrates and if it vibrates it's going to move further away, right? So if it moves further away then this will actually start developing this radical character, right? It won't be like fully formed radicals but there will be some radical character that's getting developed. Now if there weren't any bromine radicals or anything else then this bond will vibrate it will develop some radical character it can never like totally break because if it breaks then we have two reactive species and both of them will combine with each other. So basically the bond will keep vibrating. However, in the presence of some external reactive agent like say a bromine radical there can be a new bond formation between these two electrons, right? So this is how the bond is getting abstracted. I get you get the picture of how a new bond formation happens. Now what happens is that if we do promenation, let's come back to promenation. So if we do promenation these bromine hydrogen bonds that will get formed, these bromine hydrogen bonds are not as strong as these carbon hydrogen bonds, right? That's why this reaction was endothermic. The amount of energy that was released by this bromine hydrogen bond was lower than the energy that was required to break this bond. So these are like weaker bonds. So therefore a bromine radical will only abstract a hydrogen atom from a carbon hydrogen bond. It will only abstract that when this bond has like vibrated far enough, when this bonds like really, really weak, only then the bromine will even start to interacting with this hydrogen atom, okay? So this means that in this reaction, this transition state which we have talked about earlier, this transition state is reached right before the radical formation, right? So we can in fact go ahead and draw it out here. This transition state is actually formed right before the radical formation. The radical, right before the radicals almost form, that's where you get your transition state. So that's why this transition state is late. And one important thing that you should also note out here is that the energy of this transition state is pretty similar to the energy of the product that we get because the radical is almost formed, right? When the bromine radical starts interacting with it, okay? Now on the other hand, if you come to chlorination, as you have seen, chlorine hydrogen bonds, if you talk about chlorination, then this chlorine hydrogen bonds are far stronger than carbon hydrogen bonds. The reaction is in fact exothermic. So therefore, because chlorine forms really strong bonds with hydrogen, so it doesn't even wait for this bond to vibrate and reach its breaking point, it pretty much starts reacting with this bond right away. So therefore, the transition state in chlorination is early and because the chlorine radical pretty much starts reacting right away, so the energy of this transition state is pretty close to the energy of the reactants, okay? So therefore, generally, generally, let me get rid of all this stuff if you have understood all this. So generally, in exothermic reactions, the transition state is early and more importantly, the energy of the transition state, the energy of the transition state is closer to that of the reactants, to that of reactants rather than the products. On the other hand, in endothermic reactions, because the transition state is late, it's formed just before the products get formed, so the energy of this transition state, energy of transition state is closer to products, okay? So now if we look at chlorination, so in chlorination, we had chlorine radicals abstracting hydrogen atoms. We get either a first degree hydrogen atom or a second degree hydrogen atom. And chlorination we have seen was exothermic. So it's exothermic. This is our propane and because it's exothermic, so the energy of the products will be lower. So this is the most stable product. This is energy. So this is out here while the first degree product will be less stable. So it's going to be out here, right? Now if we draw the energy diagram, the transition state of both of these reactions are going to be early because both of them are exothermic. So the energy of both of these transition states, the energy is going to resemble that of the reactants. So the energy of the transition state of both these parts are going to be pretty similar. Right. Pretty similar energy of TS. On the other hand, if we talk about, if we talk about bromination, bromination was endothermic. It was endothermic. So this time, if you look, if we draw our energy diagram again, so we have energy versus time. So we have our propane out here and it's an endothermic reaction, right? So these things are going to be higher up out here. So and the first degree radical is like less stable. So it's going to be higher in energy compared to the second degree radical. So let's say that their energies are out here. Now because this is endothermic, so the transition state is going to resemble the products, right? So in this case, the transition state, the energy of the transition state will resemble the energy of this one. While in this case, the energy of the transition state will resemble this. So the energy profile is going to look like this. Right. Now if you like, let's, let's look at our chlorination and bromination once more. So in chlorination, because it was exothermic, so the chlorine radicals pretty much started reacting with the, started like reacting with the carbon-hydrogen bond right away. So the transition state resembled that of the reactants. So in both these pathways, the both these pathways have pretty similar transition state. But in bromination, the transition state is late. The bromine radical starts react, starts interacting with the carbon-hydrogen bond right before the radical formation. So the transition state was late. So as you can see, the activation energies in both these reactions are pretty close to each other. Right. While the activation energies out here are quite different. So therefore in chlorination, both of these reactions, because they have pretty much similar activation energies, so both of these reaction formation of the first degree as well as the second degree radical will have the same, not the same, but similar rate. While in bromination, there is going to be a sharp difference in rates between these two reactions. Because the second degree radical formation is energetically more favorable, so there will be a much lower activation energy, which will make the formation of second degree radical much faster compared to the first degree radical. So therefore in chlorination, this was supposed to be the conclusion. So therefore in bromination, 97% of our products is in the form of two-brom-propane. Bromination is much more selective towards the second-degree product. While in case of chlorination, it's more 50-50, it's 45% and 55%.


Welcome back to another Premiere Pro Tutorial and this one is going to show you how to do digital glitching or glitch effect. Here's what I got. There we go. And how the heck did I do it? Well, let's just start from scratch and I'll show you. Okay, start your timer. This should take only about 90 seconds at most. Drag and drop some footage in. Right now we've got our zombie dance team here and go ahead and find a place where you want the glitch to begin. So at four seconds, I'm going to hit Command-K, Control-K if you're on a PC and that will make a cut. And then we're going to go forward to, I don't know, let's go right about there, 10 seconds or so. Command-K, Control-K, and then we've got a cut. So we're going to be working on this middle piece. Now we're going to go to our Rate Stretch Tool, which is right here. And I'm going to reduce this down to a single frame. Watch this. I've taken it all the way to the left and you'll see here that there's one frame here and that's it. Okay, good. Now I want this digital glitch to be about six or seven frames long. So I'm going to go ahead and just expand it at one, two, three, four, five, six. Let's go with seven frames, okay, because I really want to show you the effect. Good. Now go to your effects panel like I've done here, drag and drop VR Digital Glitch on top of that. And now we're going to go ahead and make some small changes. You'll see already that it's starting to show the glitch. Generally, depending on the type of distortion and the glitch that you want, you want to take your color distortion up to the top so that makes the red, green, blue RGB is going to start popping through as you can see here, red, green, blue. And then you basically want to take the distortion rate down to zero. Again, if you want some distortion in there, go nuts. Next step here is you want to hold down the alt key or the option key and then press up. What you've got here is now is a second duplicate copy.  Here it goes. Good stuff. And then I'm just going to drag and drop the, oops.  There we go. That's your digital glitch. Thanks for watching.


I'm nervous. I'm nervous Justin. Justice won't be served. I'm nervous. I'm irritated that we are not gonna This isn't ending with one season Or the story ends and it's not going to be a satisfying ending.  I'm gonna break this pillow now We are on to the season one finale of deli crimes deli crime It's been fantastic I love I can see even before the last episode why it won the Emmy. It's a very important story And it's it's very all well done. There's nothing There's not really many flaws in it So yeah, this this underscores what we've talked about a lot in terms to what is it that gets the motion picture Academy Any any award of merit you're gonna get internationally in America preeminent throughout our history has been importance The importance of the story and what it's saying About the society from where it's coming from or the changes that ought to be taking place in society Putting a mirror up to society and that I know that's one of the biggest reasons. I bet This was for all of the artistic merits. It absolutely deserves. It's such an important story Well once again if case you're new because a lot of people do show up just for the finale episodes the most watched usually episodes are the Season for the first one and if there's like a one that has some crazy If like it was me super or whatever like a crazy murder in it that everything was coming right a red wedding See, yeah, or if the finale the finale is always the one that probably usually has the most of views on it So in case you are new We can only use five minutes of each cut-up episode. That's just the going rate. That's what we had to do for me That's what we had to do for but our luck everything So if you'd like to see full uncut version head over to patreon school there for our exclusive patreon babies uncut of us the hour-long reaction You get everything all over the forest all of the burps And the blink is in the description and the pinned comment below All right, well, let's just get into a man. This is the this is the last one of this season Ready, that's a bummer. Yeah, three two one You cannot do this do you understand I Understand But do you agree? He always says I understand but that doesn't mean he agrees I don't want you to make a bunch of jail may sort of my is hosar May a juvenile welfare officer who is not a man. I suppose my name a outranking is a May say minor me Sort of got if that's what happens They all get off on a technicality Excuse me calm down or a buck Good leader Don't this rights, but I can't unless I know you get this last guy Right I promise Good enough. I will take full responsibility No, God, I know where this is going, okay, I'll call you back later. Oh When we just eat and record it now, okay, but make it a stripping scene I hope With all due respect my lord, I'll do exactly why you here. Yeah Yeah, it's more than one way to Record a conversation Now It would be commission inquiries Yeah, madam. I know I'm supposed to keep it But it's up to you to record it Say Oh, yeah It happened very quietly so it missed the media reader. You're trying to ascribe meaning to this Let's get it What When did these events take place? I'll say like 2012 2012 I am no clue how long it typically takes If they sentence someone to death in India Well, this was this series was made in 2019. So I'm assuming They're probably Still on death row. I could be wrong. I don't know obviously in our legal system They could be there literally for life on death row Yeah, the pending state I'm glad there were stricter Punishments I I don't know the statistics on if they've helped I hope they have Imperatively to what they were. Yeah, no, I didn't I don't know It does suck that one of them only sent in three years but Miners I guess And I don't know if they have see in the United States We do have crimes that are heinous enough that a minor can be tried as an adult. Yeah, I Don't know if they do that in India, but they do it here They did a very nice job of doing something I didn't expect them to do Which was actually, you know, I was looking at the runtime of how much we had left and I'm like Are they gonna wrap this up are we going to a season two with this story and apparently no They're gonna take a crime and that will be the season. Yeah, and I bet I don't even know if they'll have the same cast It'll probably be a completely different cast kind of like the crown has done where they've switched after two seasons They it's now completely different right cast right That's interesting. I Feel kind of like I did but Good No, no, you feel kind of like I just don't know how to feel Maybe it's just because of the nature of the case that I'm like.  You're looking forward to next season It's a completely different type of show. So it's almost like you don't know how to feel at the end of it because Somebody got off. She still died and like Yeah, but I think those are all the overall show is is a really well done show and And I'm not yeah, it leaves you It leaves you with the same feeling you get watching a documentary. Yeah Where certain things are not wrapped up certain people got away with things certain people didn't Certain things aren't answered and because it is a true story. You have that the weight of that on you and The reality that you know There it's rapes are still happening and Lot of things, you know, again, I don't know. I don't know what the rape laws were and what they are now and The judicial and legal system isn't enough because what's causing the rapes is What needs to be addressed? Punishing the rapists that's that's not a good thing to focus on because that's not stopping it It's just punishment for it occurring somehow some way we there. There's got to be more done in terms of safety of women the education of men the rehabilitation of men the eradication and often and sadly there's nothing you can do because You're going to have evil in the world and evil people will do evil things so and So much of the show was done such understated. They did such a good job I would imagine anybody who was on this case I'd love to know anybody who was involved in this case in some way shape or form whether it was her family or People involved at the legal level how they felt this was handled because it sure seemed to be deeply respectful deeply Aware of the fact that what is most important here is the story We're telling not to draw attention to anything about what we're doing artistically even though the artistic level This is going to seem silly, but even something as technically accurate as making sure continuity Was aware of the status of her ice cream bar when she walked over to her to talk to her Yeah, little little things like that are what maintains suspension of disbelief and keep you in the story because you could easily notice Oh shit, she was halfway through her ice cream bar back then and now it's it's a back It's full continuity paid attention to that. Yeah Uncertain heroes of film sets of continuity people indeed indeed indeed um, I did really enjoy how they meshed the story with also the lives of these police officers and And they're and their home lives and a very subtle Obviously, this is not the main story But this is just part of these people's lives that we also just wanted to show you a little bit of Some of the stuff was you know, you would think pointless and them telling us some of this But it just added to the believability of it I feel and I would also like to know I agree from people who know this this story how accurate everything was Right to what actually happened because obviously we have zero idea right now It's this is all we know and we've heard a lot of good stuff about the show where so we're hoping that it was Accurate to what right what went on? The whole protest scene was actually I thought really well done, too I Was um Yeah, it's everybody. I just I leave this show and it's like yeah, that was really good.  You're like, oh, I Can't believe that happened Mm-hmm. I can't believe those people did that to this poor girl and now she is she's gone Right. Yeah and So yeah, let us know how accurate this was in terms of What actually happened in the case because we will we will actually look at the comments now We finished it before it ever came up on YouTube so That's a good way of thankfully no spoilers Eliminating spoilers is just not having it on YouTube because you know, there's just gonna be some asshole that's gonna tell us Tell us how it ends and I thought everybody in the show did such a good job. I liked our guy from is a per The main obviously girl sushi. What's her name the actress? From juice, yeah She Holly yeah her and then our other friend from is a per who looked like she was 16 in this Did a fantastic job overall fantastic series Fantastic series. It's a it's a very important series and I think it I'm hoping it brought up a lot of important conversations again Like I'm sure this case brought up important conversations, and then I'm hoping this rehashed Because obviously the the issue hasn't stopped So I'm hoping this this helped to forward the the movement to I don't know if you're ever gonna get rid of rape sadly. It's been going on since Since men were around basically I would assume No, but there there is a reason it happens less often in certain places than it does in others Yeah, and a lot of that has to do with ignorance and bigotry. So there's always something you can do More you could do to To prevent it because I always hate that argument that for whatever not just obviously rape or anything like that Like people that say if you put a law into place criminals are still gonna commit Crimes It's a nation we have here with the gun laws People say that if you put stricter laws on guns criminals, they're not gonna follow the laws But that's a very flawed because then we should have no laws at all You should make it as hard as possible as humanly hard as possible To do for a criminal to commit the act As you as you can Then you've done everything you can do Yes, people are still gonna do bad things But doesn't mean you shouldn't try to stop it as much as humanly possible like so this this a hundred percent I don't know obviously know if it was preventable, but there's Things you could put into place that that would make it a lot more difficult for people to do this kind of stuff And for people for women that's I think the probably the biggest thing is Putting something in place to support women to come out about their what's happened to them It's obviously happened For a while with the me-too movement, but obviously that's just I think a lot of high-profile people mostly There's everyday regular women that experiences every single day and they they need Support and and coming forward and and getting justice for for what has happened to them Yeah Well, I can't say it was fun, but it was a great show Important show in very important show Let us know what series we should continue next once again If you're here for the first time Sony LIV has said no to deli or whatever it is the scam 19 some some some But there's other ones. I know there's The Amazon one about the weddings I think Zoya octard directs it Was it called her made in heaven made in heaven And then obviously a family man season two coming out in February, but once again Women and anybody who's experienced something like this. We are here for you and we love you and Yeah, I think the entire stupid family is here in support of you So that's I think what we'd want to leave this show with Yeah, and I think this kind of goes without saying but it should be said Young men if you're in a situation where any one of your friends starts to assault a girl You're not supposed to join in asshole You're supposed to stop it and if you don't I Really I genuinely do wish they would chemical castration isn't enough. Yeah That is not enough But The problem is men The problem is men. Yeah, it's bigotry hatred evil men What? Onto the next series The mother


Strange as it might sound, there is a connection between NASA's Skylab space station and Miss Universe. I'm Amy Shearer, and this is a Vintage Space video. Skylab was a repurposed S4B upper stage of a Saturn V rocket, and it was NASA's first space station, launched into orbit on May 14, 1973. It only ever hosted three crews, the last of which left on February 8, 1974. In the years that followed, Skylab fell into disrepair. There wasn't enough money to maintain the station, and its orbit was slowly decaying. NASA had hoped the space shuttle might be able to boost it into a higher orbit so they could salvage it, but the space shuttle's debut kept getting pushed back. Finally, on July 11, 1979, Skylab re-entered the Earth's orbit, but it did so a few minutes before NASA had planned, meaning that instead of falling safely over the Indian Ocean, it fell and some debris landed inland in Australia. Debris from Skylab rained down on the residents in the community of Belladonia on the Nullabar Plain and in the port town of Esperance. The biggest surviving piece of Skylab made a special appearance at the Miss Universe pageant nine days later, which by coincidence was held in Perth, Australia. Sharing a space with International Beauty Queens was one of Skylab's cylindrical oxygen tanks and its associated insulation, mangled from the harsh atmospheric re-entry. For more on the intersection between Skylab and Miss Universe, check out the article linked below.


with Alex Friedland from Morantis, CEO and co-founder. And we are, you are here for an exclusive look at us filming an interview with him for SuperUserTV, actually. So it's an interview within an interview. Thanks so much for joining us, Alex. Pleasure. So Alex, tell us a little bit about why you feel that it's important to put on this event. Well, it's interesting, but as our own Kragarins likes to say, in order to be able to execute, you have to build up some muscle memory, right? And this event, being a yearly event, is important because it brings, you know, not the same but similar groups of people in a predictable cadence to discuss the evolution of the industry. And through those touch points over time, you can clearly understand where the industry is going. And the changes that are happening from one end to another, you know, from year to year, are the kind of the touch and control points of where the industry is evolving or pivoting. You talked about that this morning in your brief keynote introduction this morning. You were talking about the differences from when this conference first started until now. Can you talk a little bit about that? So this is our third annual, right? And the first year, the bulk of the conversations was proof point that OpenStack will actually go mainstream. So people are coming in and saying, I got OpenStack like this, and then I got OpenStack like that. And people said, okay. So the last year, which was the second year, that was passe, because everybody understood that OpenStack is going mainstream. So then it was about workloads and VM workloads and these workloads, and also about container workloads. What does it take for containers to run on top of OpenStack? Because container revolution was kind of taking off. This year, it's again about containers, but in a very different capacity. It's about containers maturing and containers becoming the foundation of the infrastructure. So it's not about workloads in containers running on top of OpenStack. It's about containers being the underpinning of OpenStack running on top and native containers and being one platform for VMs, containers, and bare metal that is also lifecycle managed in a unique, unified way through, Kubernetes is the theme of this conference, but there are also mesos people and swarm people, but that's kind of the story. So that's one big change. And the other one is there is more conversation about business. Three years ago, it was all technology. Last year, it was technology and business kind of together. This one, a lot of technology, but the prevalent position is that to make cloud and general work in a large enterprise, it's not just technology. It's about people, it's about process, and it's about managing the end-to-end outcome, so the operating experience. So that's the kind of the evolution of the industry in the three year period. Was there anything in particular that you were excited to see today or that you're looking forward to in particular for tomorrow and day two?  What's kind of new is the level of involvement that Google is showing in this, right? So Google is an interesting company because they are by far the most innovative infrastructure leader internally as far as how they run their infrastructure at amazing scale and they kind of were the ultimate innovator. But in the public enterprise-facing cloud, the innovator happened to be Amazon. So if you compare in that motion where Google is, they're actually behind. So, and it's interesting that the Google, which is the ultimate innovative company, is now taking a community approach to catching up, which is not something that you normally see Google do. Google is always out innovating everybody else, but with Amazon, they're taking a very different approach. And it's interesting that OpenStack, the community and the kind of commoditization of infrastructure, which is the theme that we've been writing now for the last six years, is becoming very important for Google. So you can take the Google innovative approach, take it with a community commoditization approach and a community momentum approach, putting them together and building a common value proposition. And I think about six months ago, we started discussing that this may be the right motion and we're kind of laughing about it. And six months later, we see it happening in the mainstream. That's quite amazing actually. So I can only imagine where we're gonna be here from now. Excellent. Well, Alex, thank you so much for taking the time. And we'll see you next year. Pleasure. Welcome. We are here with Marcus right here from SAP and we are here to talk about containers and OpenStack and basically to join him for the customer and user experience here at OpenStack Days, Silicon Valley. So Marcus, welcome. Thank you. So tell us a little bit about in sort of two sentences or less, what SAP is doing with OpenStack? Okay, we had acquisitions over the last years and since 1972 we're in business. So we have a big transition towards our business towards the cloud. So effectively we ended up with 23 full stack proprietary build cloud applications and we're on the process to build a unified converge cloud platform where the divergent use cases we have from traditional on-premise applications to cloud native applications feel at home to be deployed. And we have selected OpenStack obviously to power the core of this. And why did you choose OpenStack? We had like those 23 platforms that all had a decent level of automation and effectively we were locking up all the skilled developers in the silos. So effectively what we have decided to do is just like, okay, let's go and write that code. But we don't have to write everything because it has been done already. So for us it's like a shared code pool OpenStack where step by step you're gonna see a lot more contributions from SAP. It's not naturally invest because those people have been working on those platforms already. But it takes some time to get the organizational change and everything in place to make that an open source effort instead of like a proprietary effort because we have no intention to sell. So for us it's like a win-win situation. So now you're moving towards container. So how are you kind of merging those two? Well, we're not moving necessarily to those containers. Obviously one demand for our OpenStack platform is to support container-based infrastructure for our cloud native payloads. But with containers specifically Kubernetes we're trying to solve the problem of operating our OpenStack at scale without having that net to invest. Because there we don't have skilled OpenStack operators and in our 13 regions we're targeting to deploy we can't just ramp up hundreds of people. So we're running OpenStack in Kubernetes as an application in order to minimize the operations effort involved to bring it up and to actually keep it alive. And how's it going? We're live since July and it was a big risk half a year ago when we started this. We shifted from Chef to using this. No one knew if it's gonna work. But it's working nicely, more than nicely. So we can highly recommend that as a pattern for the future. As far as the conference itself what have you kind of been most excited to see here today or here today? I think compared to the other OpenStack days I've been participating. This is less of let's say enterprise sales meeting and there's quite some high profile people here which is always enlightening to hear them talk about future. I'm quite surprised how many container Kubernetes talks there are and how few there are about OpenStack but that only gives me proof that we can't be on the wrongest path for the future. Yeah, and the most exciting talks I've seen now was the one from AT&T following after us because it hits full on spot of the challenges we have been facing in the decision making process and how we engage with OpenStack community. And the panel discussions, the various ones we had on the topics where not someone is presenting his view but where a little of exchange is visible if you read between the lines. Excellent. Is there anything in particular you're looking forward to tomorrow? No. Actually I'm just gonna float through the event and see where it drives me. Okay, excellent. Well, we're gonna wrap up this super user TV interview. Thank you so much, Marcus. We appreciate you joining us. My name's Sean Nguyen. I'm a senior systems engineer working on infrastructure at EMC. And I've been working with OpenStack since the Folsom release of OpenStack, so about three and a half years now. So you've seen a lot of changes in the past. Oh yeah, OpenStack has grown tremendously in the last few years. And you were here at the last couple of conferences as well. Oh yeah, I'm a regular attendee here at OpenStack days in Silicon Valley and I try to make it to as many of the OpenStack summits as I can.  So what kind of progression have you seen? Well, I've seen it go from a point where there was a question about OpenStack and whether or not it was even really a viable solution or a viable software stack. People questioned whether they should even use it at all. And now it's no longer a question of whether it's viable, whether it's usable, or whether it's even proliferating because there's no doubt that OpenStack has grown. And now it's really more about focusing on some of the specific use cases where OpenStack provides a ton of value but has a little bit of catch-up work to it. So what kind of situations are those? I really see that the spaces that need the most help right now are the carrier and telecommunication spaces, people that are looking to do software-defined networking, network functions, virtualization, trying to take a lot of these legacy, mobile and carrier systems and move them into modern architectures and modern systems. I think they're probably challenged the most. And what are you speaking on here today? So today I'm gonna be talking about all the various pitfalls that I've seen working with customers who have attempted to do it themselves and have insisted that OpenStack is just a series of software components that you string together. It's fairly simple and straightforward. And so they've gone out on their own to try and do that. And for one reason or another they've run into some kind of difficulty. So I'm gonna be talking about ways that you can overcome that by working with a vendor solution, using their reference architectures, using their solutions, turnkey solutions to ease your operation and ease your deployments. So what do you think you're most excited about about this event? For me it's an opportunity to see a lot of people who I don't get a chance to interact with face-to-face. A lot of great people who are just a part of this community and have helped contribute to OpenStack's success over the years. And it's really interesting to come back and see them from time to time and hear the different messages that have honestly evolved as OpenStack has evolved and to see what they're talking about today. So thank you very much, Sean. Welcome for SuperUser. Welcome. We are here for SuperUserTV with Luke Canes, founder and CEO of Puppet. And we are here at day two of the OpenStack Day Silicon Valley Conference here at the Computer History Museum in Mountain Dew, California. So welcome, Luke. Thank you, Nick. Thank you for having me. Thank you so much for joining us. So Luke, you of course are the founder and CEO of Puppet which for those who are not aware, now how would you describe it? I always call it a configuration management tool but how do you just start? So the tool allows you to automate your infrastructure so you can spend less time doing menial work, rework and responding to problems than more time shipping great software to your customers. So with all of this focus on sort of streamlining OpenStack and so on and managing containers and orchestration and all of that, Puppet is a big part of that. Absolutely, yeah. So we've seen about half of all OpenStack clouds are deployed and managed by Puppet. And so what is your feeling on sort of the relationship between containers and OpenStack and orchestration and how all that comes together? We at Puppet, one of our core tenants is heterogeneity. One of the things we do best at solving for our customers is helping them to manage pretty much anything. So in general, we don't have strong feelings about which technology a customer should use. We think customers should always be enabled to use the best thing they can find. And so that's what we help them do. If you wanna switch to this or that or the other thing, one of the jobs you should be able to hire is for is to help you switch as fast as possible to the latest and greatest technology. And for a lot of organizations, they're moving from the infrastructure they had five years ago to an OpenStack, to a public cloud infrastructure. And a lot of them are having really deep conversations about, okay, how does containerization fit into my strategy? And right now, they're having the how does it fit in conversation in most cases? We're a production first company. So we really focus on not what you're interested in, but what you actually use to provide value to your customers. And today, containerization actually absolutely shows up in production in plenty of companies, but in most companies, it's still a discussion. And we haven't seen yet, for them, how the two techs are gonna fit together. But we are definitely seeing some overlap in how people are thinking about deploying OpenStack. And we were talking with Miranda today about OpenStack and Kubernetes and how those two do and do not fit together and how you can align your strategy so that you don't have two completely unrelated stories, but you find a way to do them both at the same time. And certainly that's our goal is to say, yes, we can manage each of these pieces. And if you do them together or you do them, there's a plant here and a plant there.  So you are probably on the forefront of this whole DevOps movement. So how do you think that that came about that this just exploded like that? It's really all because every company is becoming a software company. Technology used to be what you did, right? You were IMA software company, but now everyone does software. So technology is how you do whatever it is you do. If you're a retail company, software is how you excel at retail. If you are a finance company, software is how you excel at finance. If you are a technology company, software in general is how you become great at whatever technology it is. And so what that's brought with it is the industry itself is beginning to recognize that we have to learn how to optimize the process of creating software just as there was a century long revolution of getting great in manufacturing, right? You look at the early innovation of the moving assembly line from Henry Ford, from that to lean manufacturing where you've got quality all the way to the left. You've got really, really dynamic teams making on the ground decisions about how to build things. That evolution took almost a century. I think of the software revolution starting as about the time you could deliver software over the internet. So mid 90s. So by that logic, we're two decades into what I think is probably still a century long process of becoming great at building software. And in the last 10 years, you've really seen many organizations are beginning to realize being great at software is strategic to our business and is critical to our success as a business. And as a result, they're all looking at what are the constraints? Where do I need to invest? Where do I need to push? What's left between here and there for us to win? And DevOps is the answer to that. And in 15 years and 20 years, we won't be talking about DevOps anymore. We'll have found that the next new constraint, but finding a way to tie the goal of operations to the value of the customer experiences is a critical part of success today. And that's really the work of DevOps. So here at the conference, what do you think is the most exciting or interesting thing that you've heard? Well, unfortunately, I actually only came in this morning. So, and I've not been able to really see too many of the talks today, but I think OpenStack is in a really interesting phase because not, you know, a couple of years ago, it was still young, not sure, you know, it was gonna be amazing. And then, you know, production takes a couple of years to really, for people to figure out how do we take this great idea and turn it into production? Well, now clearly OpenStack is, it's widely used, it's broadly adopted, it's relied on in production by a lot of organizations. And just as OpenStack is beginning to figure itself out, the containerization world shows up and says, yeah, funny story, the whole entire world has changed. You need to think about it differently. And so you've got these two waves that are almost in conflict, that are trying to figure itself out, and those conflicts are happening on the ground at events like this, of just like, oh no, what does the world look like now? What does the future look like? And that conversation, I think, is one that I'm most interested in. Interesting. Well, thank you so much for joining us here at SuperUserTV. We appreciate it, and we'll see you next time. All right, thanks for having me. Rich Wagner, welcome to SuperUserTV. Thank you. Good to be here. Thank you so much for joining us. So, Mitch, you were a speaker this morning on media and OpenStack. Mm-hmm, and open source. Well, and open source. Sorry, thank you for the correction. So you were a speaker for media and open source. What do you think was the most important takeaway from that panel? We are really, at least at light reading, we're very much focused for the enterprise cloud on the intersection of technologists and business managers. In other words, business aware technology managers or technology aware business managers, people who want to figure out how to put the technology to work to serve the business. Very often, when I talk to people in the open source community, they are very much concerned with the technology, just getting the technology working and the technology itself, and also with issues that are of interest more to the community itself and not to the larger business technology community. Things like getting an open source project, donating that to a particular community or some changes at a foundation. Very important to the community itself, not so much to the people outside that community. So what kinds of things are important to the people outside the community that community people should realize? They're looking to do what businesses do. They're looking to serve their customers, improve their profitability, improve their revenue and cut costs, improving customer satisfaction, develop mobile applications to serve customers in the way that people demand here in the 21st century. Internet of things is becoming, people are getting a sense that that's becoming important and has become already important in many sectors including industry being probably the most interesting. And that, by the way, also goes together with the cloud. So how do you deliver the cloud? How do you deliver Internet of Things applications while you do it over the cloud? There's really no other way to do it. So we tend, in this community, we tend to very much think cloud. You know, everybody knows what the cloud is and everybody knows why they need to use it and all that. How prevalent is that view? Or is there some percentage of businesses out there that are just still going? No, I think I just want to keep everything here. I do see businesses that still want to keep everything on premises and I don't think they're foolish for it either. I had a fascinating conversation last year, kind of a hallway conversation at a conference like this one of the guy who worked for a chain of family restaurants. You know, like, it wasn't Chili's, but it was like Chili's. And I was, he was very reluctant to move his back office and point of sale systems to the cloud. And I said, well, why?  You know, the management of the systems that deliver the ingredients of the store and your payroll systems and your point of sale systems. I'm sure that's the same as all your competitors. And he said, yeah, but nobody cares about this stuff like we do. You know, if a cloud provider goes down, the cloud provider will say, well, gosh, we're just going to have to write you the penalty check. And meanwhile, he's out of a job, out of business. So they're keeping that there. I do think that overall, you know, hybrid cloud is the future. At least for the foreseeable future, which as you know is only a few years in this industry. Hybrid cloud is the future private cloud. People want to, even if they're running their applications on premises, they still want the agility that cloud gives them to spin up new applications fast, to spin down new applications fast, to try new things. So what percentage of businesses you think have a, let me rephrase that. What percentage of large businesses do you think have an understanding of the fact that that's what they should be doing?  And the reason that's a trick answer is because large enterprises are doing everything. But I really don't have, honestly, don't have a clear sense of to what extent businesses are seeing that cloud, even if it's just private cloud, is the future. Just I'm just into companies that we talk to are self-selecting in that regard. I do think there is, there is a natural, there is a natural caution on the part of businesses to migrate to any new technology, which technologists, engineers often find frustrating. The business is doing it for a sound reason. You've got literally 30 years invested in your line of business system. You're not going to want to move that to new technology lately. Right. So, to finish this off quickly here. So here at the event, what was the most exciting thing that you think you heard here in the day and a half? I'm not going to tell you the most exciting thing yet because I just started writing it up. It was something your boss told me. Oh, can you tell you in private, did he say it on stage? He said it in a hallway conversation. So, very, very mysterious. I thought the most interesting thing from our perspective at Light Reading, since we're historically a service provider publication, it's still primarily a service provider publication, even though we're moving into the enterprise. So, from that perspective, I thought the AT&T presentation yesterday was interesting. They were talking about what they need from OpenStack. Not surprisingly, it was just, I have the points in my notes, I don't remember them all planned, but it was basically what everybody always wants. So, more robust. Just make it harder, make it more battle ready. And he said that coming from within, coming from as a full participant, not saying you guys need to, but we all need to. The other thing that I thought was very interesting was that AT&T has an internal definition of open source. We all think we know what open source is and why do you need a definition of that? You have it. But he said, I don't remember if he said it or if I'm just picking it up, reading between the lines, but I guess they got burned a couple of times. A couple of the points I remember was the licensing has to be free. You know, you gotta pay to run it. You gotta pay to keep it going. Everybody knows, most people who know about open source know that. But the other thing is they have to have access to the source code, all the source code. He seemed a little skeptical, I think, of the hybrid open proprietary model, if I recall correctly, which I know is kind of mainstream in the vendor community. So it'll be interesting to see how that plays out. So those were kind of the two interesting things. Oh, and also, Martín Casado, just talking about the business of open source and how startups can make money and how they're challenging incumbents. As you know, the engineers or the developers can buy what they want and don't go through the normal sales channels. They just say, here's my credit card, let me have it. And there's a lot of interesting stuff going on there. Wonderful. Well, thank you so much from SuperUserTV and we'll see you next time. Thank you. Thank you. Adrienne, welcome to SuperUserTV. Thank you so much for joining us. All right, thanks for having me. Thank you. So tell us a little bit about what you are gonna be talking about today. So I'm on a panel session with Boris and we're gonna be talking about what happens when you take a product that's really designed for enterprise that updates every six months and you start to mix it in with expectations that things are updating continuously. So all the continuous delivery stuff and then there's also we're seeing a technology mix as well. So, you know, from moving from everything written in Python to having Kubernetes stuck in the middle of it which is actually when you go. So now you've got components mixed together and you've got parts of the system that are designed to handle continuous updates and all of the implications of that. But with the microservices based architecture it shouldn't really matter what things are written in, should it? Well, yeah, but the protocol between the services is, I'm not sure, originally it was very Python specific and I think that eventually you need to get something a bit more independent. But it's really what Kubernetes is doing is scheduling the containers that make up the various component features of OpenStack. That's sort of putting it in the guts of the system and then using it also. The other thing that I think is particularly interesting is as you move from the big struggle being just getting OpenStack to have all the features it needs to be useful and out there working at scale, then you get the developers come along and say, well, it's just got this API. How do I do something interesting with that? So what you really want is something on top to run containers. So having, I think, Kubernetes as a role as the container scheduler for applications running on this as well as the thing that you use for continuously managing and updating the guts of your system. So two different places where it ties in. I mean, when you now have Kubernetes managing your containers, I mean, how is that really an improvement though over, OK, well, I have an API to manage OpenStack. OK, so now I have an API to manage containers. I mean, we're not really giving the developers anything more than before, are we? But you're moving on from basically having machine images which take a while to build and a while to deploy to containers that take seconds to build and seconds to deploy. So there's a reason why everyone else has basically moved to using Docker or whatever to deploy things. So given that developers are spitting out a whole pile of Docker containers, you have to figure out a way to run them. So let's just make that standardized and just get it out there so that you have a way to do it. And are you seeing legacy, not even so much legacy, but existing non-cloud native workloads still staying in virtual machines? Sort of, I think some extent, but if you think about a legacy workload built into a virtual machine, it's probably built into a VMware virtual machine. And then if you want to run it on KVM or Xen, you have to do something, you have to rebuild it again. I think what people are doing often is taking that VM application and turning it into a big fact container full of whatever junk had to be there to make it work. Then continuing to run that in wherever they needed it to run it.  Then you've got portability between VMware and OpenStack and whatever else you want and public clouds. And you just have one way to run that thing. So I'm seeing a few people working in that direction, using containers as a way to just abstract away from the VM format. So that's one of the advantages of containers. What are the advantages of using OpenStack? Well, if you're trying to run stuff in your data center, you can handcraft it or you can build some automation. Really, you have to build automation. So if you're building relatively complex infrastructure, you need drivers for all of the different pieces to build that out of. I just see OpenStack as the generic weight. I mean, it's like device drivers for all the cards you could plug into your Linux box, right? You have to have a device driver for every card, every PCI card. I think there needs to be an OpenStack driver for everything you might want to have in your data center. And then you have the interfaces to talk to them so that every network switch has a common kind of interface. Every storage system has a common kind of interface. So that's, I think, the ultimate value here that we finally got every vendor to agree that there was at least one set of APIs to do that with rather than having 10 different APIs. Wonderful. What are you most excited about coming to this conference about? Let's see. I think it's interesting to see things, just this sort of collision between the sort of developer-driven infrastructure world that's been building up over the last few years and the sort of operations enterprise-oriented world and sort of how these two things are now mixing and sort of trying to figure out what actually happens when you try to change everything 10 times a day and you're trying to change something every six months as well. You've got a new release once every six months. And then the other thing that's shaking all this stuff up is security-related issues. Every time you get a vulnerability, we've got a huge number of vulnerability scanners now. Pretty much every vendor has some kind of vulnerability scanner. So you can look at your system and say, okay, this has no problem in it because you're running some version of something. And you have to be able to get in there and automatically replace that. So that requires automation to do it, right? Hand-fixing every machine that had a heartbeat bug in it was like, those people still haven't finished doing that. The people that, you know, that was like a year or two ago, there are still machines out there running that bug, right? And the people who are on heavy automation just turned it over in hours or days or whatever to do that, am I gonna break anything by rolling out this new thing? So we've got to get to this point where when there's a vulnerability, you can respond to it immediately. And that just requires automation. You're gonna have an API to update yourself. It's fundamentally a possibility. Well, thank you so much for joining us here on SuperUserTV.


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