Stay here with me. I'm not letting you leave. Come on. No. Come on. No. What are you doing?  What is up Marvel Squad? And welcome back to our channel. If you guys are new, make sure to hit that subscribe button and turn on your post notifications so you can notify every single time we post a week, upload three times a week on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays. And you don't wanna miss out on any single one of our videos. And guys, today at the end of this video, we will be announcing the Apple Watch winner. I am so excited. Also, if you guys don't know this, our merch is officially dropped. Today, guys, go on bonfire.com. We'll put everything right here on the screen.  Go ask it for Christmas. Go cope some bomb merch from us and make sure you send us pictures on Instagram of you buying them and we're gonna repost them. I'm super excited to see you guys wearing our merch. So guys, as you wrap up the title, basically what I'm gonna be doing is trying to keep him from leaving. So right now, he's currently downstairs eating. Usually, we go downstairs eat and then he leaves. So basically, he's gonna come back up here.  I'm just gonna get him from trying to leave. So it's gonna be really funny reaction because he does gotta go home. He's gotta, Eddie's gotta get a lot of things done today but I'm gonna be like, sorry babe, but you're staying with me.  Make sure you hit that subscribe button and we're gonna give our beginning of the video a post notification shout out. This shout out goes to Sandra Crompton. So shout out to you. Thank you so much for being part of our channel. We love you so much. And guys, I'm so excited for you guys to get our merch. I hope you guys enjoy it. This is just the beginning. Comment down below what you guys think and I hope you guys enjoy. So I'm gonna go sub the camera. He should be upstairs any minute and let's go prank him. All right guys, so the camera is set up. I'm just gonna chill up here and wait and. Few minutes later. Hey, you got any makeup? I totally forgot, so I'm going through a YouTube comments. I totally forgot when are you going home? I don't know, I'm not going to get them in. You just hang out for a little bit? No, I gotta edit. Hey, just hang out for a little bit. Have you seen each other tomorrow? I don't care, I wanna hang out with you. We just hung out, it's already 12. I got my makeup done, I got all ready. I thought we were gonna hang out. It's not already 12. Yeah, but I wanted to go hang out and like. Do things for you. We just did. I know, but I got ready and everything for you today. That was not for me, you got ready for yourself. No, I got ready for both of us. Really, is your song all that makeup that you put on? Was just so I could see it? Can I see it for a second? Huh? Can I see it for a second? No. Let me see this for a second. Let me see it, let me see it, let me see it. Stay here with me. You'll be able to see something. No, no, no, no. You're staying here with me. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa, chill. I just want, I'm trying to, I don't want to stay. I do want to stay. Well, look it, I gotta go edit. I actually gotta go edit, but just stay. Okay? No. Yeah, you are. I don't know anything to do.  Finish, come on. I'll do it. I'll do it. I'll do it. It's 12, it's 11.47, look it. I don't think it's 12, but I want you to stay. Come on. No. Come on. No. Why are you acting like this?  Because I want you to stay. You had all night.  I'm gonna put your hands down.  You're staying. Watch, you can't even hold me back. I guess I can't. You can't. It's the morning and I'm weak.  It's the morning and I'm weak. We finished packing. Okay, after I finished packing, I'll stay for five minutes. How about that? No. You're staying the whole day. I'll stay for five minutes after I'm done packing. I just want to get done packing. Okay, I don't care. No, we're not packing. All I have to do is zip up the backpack. I'll zip it up. Then grab my plate. You're fine. Come on. Can you just stay all day? Okay, not all day. I'll stay for five more minutes. That's no. I want you to stay for like two, come on. Then how am I gonna get the video done?  No, I don't. Yeah, I have all day.  Yeah, I do. I don't have my editing stuff here. I'll stay, please. You can miss out on me. They're gonna hang out with you, me. With me. But then we're not gonna do the post tomorrow. Well, I just want you to stay here.  Don't stink. It doesn't? I just had cereal. I can't be crunched. Me too. Really? I don't want Bill to stay, please. Come on, let me just, I'll stay tomorrow after we post and after everything's all good. You're staying, sorry. How long do you leave? Come on, stop. You're not leaving. Right, right. You're not leaving. I wanna stay, I wanna kiss you when it's done, but I can't. You're not leaving. I can't. I can't. You're not leaving. I can't. You're not leaving.  No, you're not. You're not leaving. Babe. You're not leaving, sorry. Let me just finish back. No. You're not leaving.  Because you're not leaving. I wanna stay, but I'm not leaving with you. So you're forcing me to stay? Yes, I am. Because you want me to not edit and not finish the video. You're not leaving. We have to post tomorrow. You're not leaving. I have to. You're not leaving. You're making this difficult. You're not leaving. Let me have my legs back. You're not leaving. Give me my legs back. I have to stay here with me. Come on. Please stay here with me. Stop. For me. Maybe I would, but I can't. Stay here with me. What are you doing? What are you doing? You're staying here with me.  You're staying here with me.  No, you're not leaving. This hurts. Come on. Okay, sit down. Come on. Stop. Sit down. Sit down. Baby. Calm down. Look at me. You're not leaving. Yes. Yes. No. Bye. No, no, no, no. Let me crack this up. Let me crack this up. Stop. Okay, let me zip this up and then I'll stay. I'll stay. I will stay. You'll stay here? Yeah. Okay, good. I love you. No. Lock out the doorway right now. I'm kidding. Ryan, let me stay for another five minutes and then see. No, you're staying for a couple hours. You're not leaving me. A couple hours? A couple hours I'll have a video down in there. Okay, how about I edit and then if I finish early, we'll hit. Ow, why did it hit me? Calmly down. You're laying down. Calmly down. Calmly down. No. Calmly. Lay. I need my plate. I need my plate. Calmly down. Let me pack up my plate. I'm not leaving. No, you're not. I got my plate. No, you're not leaving. You're staying here with me. Sorry. Okay? Ryan, please stop. I'm not leaving. Really? Please, please, please. I'm leaving. Ryan, come on. Be smart. Please, please, please, please. We have a video down there. It's fine. Please, please, please. Ryan, come on. Please. Ryan, come on. No. Stop. Lay down. You're staying. What are you doing? You're staying. Don't push me. You're staying. Stop. Stop. You're staying. You're staying for a while. I will stay in your bed. Babe, I know you want me to stay. You're staying. You're not leaving. You're laying down. That's a good sign. No, I'm laying down because you pushed me down. I'm right. Okay. I will stay for five minutes. That's it. I'm going to make you not leave. What are you doing? I'm leaving, man. I have to go edit it. How can you leave it on top of you? Babe, can you just agree that you'll stay? See that maneuver? Oh my God, that was so good. You're lucky. Can you sit down? I said it's so you. No. Come on. You can leave. I don't like you. Goodbye. Ryan, I have to go. You carry this. I'm breaking up. Carry this upstairs for me. Okay, I'm breaking up. We're not breaking up. Because you're not laying down. We're done. Bye. Can you smell that? Bye. That was a good burn. Okay, go. We're breaking up. No, we're not. Why do you think I'm being a baby? Because you want to break up because I'm not staying. And why do you think I'm being a baby? You will see me tomorrow. And if I finish...  If I finish, yes. If I finish editing...  What? No. So why don't you analyze the situation better? Because you... It's a prank. I'm pranking you. I'm trying to get my boyfriend out of the way. And you failed. Oh my God.  I'm trying to get my boyfriend out of the way prank. What? I would see it fail because you were going to leave anyways. How rude. Doesn't it fail? You kind of got me to stay. I did. How did you feel? Were you getting annoyed? I was about to literally like... Were you getting annoyed? Well, yeah, I was getting annoyed. Like all his stuff's packed up. Ready to go. It's literally ready to go. Well, we had to get another video in. So I'll be happy. Now I'll stay for your prank. Yes, you're going to stay after too, okay? I'm not staying. Yes, you are. Oh my God. I told you.  He's still staying. He's still staying. I guess it kind of did work. He's still... See, this made me... Made you stay. Haha. Now he gets to stay longer with me. How do you feel, babe? I feel tired. Can I say team Orion in the comments? Because our team is the best team. I feel like I have a lot of work to get done. Yeah, he does have a lot of work to get done. But it's worth it. Every minute I have here is the last minute I can be editing for our Marvel spot. I thought you actually were trying to be cute and get me to stay. Sorry if I look grabby guys. Oh, I still haven't been able to stay. It's morning and don't... Yeah, don't look at me. Anyways, Marvel Squad, if you enjoyed this video, make sure to give this video a big thumbs up. And now we're going to announce the Apple Watch giveaway. Oh yeah, we are. We were going to do that in our next video, but I guess we'll do it in this one. Yes, so... Okay, let me just start with saying this giveaway was very hard to pick from. Yes, it really was. There were hundreds of people that have just been showing so much support. I want you all to know that, like I said at the beginning of the video, this is not the last minute giveaway. Next month we're doing an iPhone giveaway. We're doing a giveaway in a month. So we're going to be doing an iPhone giveaway next this coming month. Yeah, stay ready for next month. We're giving away an iPhone. That's going to be crazy. So stay tuned. We're going to be getting the phone soon so we can show you guys and get you guys hyped up. So the winner for the Apple Watch giveaway is Laura Stoltz. So her username is underscore S, underscore 37. So shout out to you Laura. You have always supported us from the beginning and we cannot thank you enough for all the support that you show us. You just won the Apple Watch. So congratulations to you. Everyone, congrats Laura. In the comments say go Laura. If you are not Laura, do not even worry we're doing another giveaway next month and it's for an iPhone. So if you guys want to be answered, make sure you go follow our Instagram. Be subscribed to our YouTube channel like we always say. And that's it. And you guys are all entered automatically. Thank you guys for being on our channel and supporting us all the time. Alright guys, we'll see you guys in the next video. Yes, get ready for team Bill come back. No, don't even get ready for that. It's time to go home guys. Alright guys, we'll see you guys in the next video. But until then, peace.


TikTok sensation and trans advocate Jesse Sullivan's story of transformation began at a very young age, and some of his earliest memories are of feeling extremely jealous of his brothers. Growing up as a girl and a family of eight siblings, Jesse came from a very large and religious, conservative family. The never stopped him from telling his parents things like, I feel like a boy. Problem was whenever he'd admit to those feelings, his mother would always downplay the moment and tell him he was simply a tomboy. A phase he would inevitably grow out of. Even back then, however, Jesse knew he was different. He explained to pop sugar, The reality is that I never did grow out of that. It was something that bothered me every single day. I was in the wrong body. Throughout his early adolescence and into high school, Jesse Sullivan tried to conform to gender norms. As a teenage girl, he had a boyfriend and did all of the typical stuff his other girlfriends were doing. Then he got pregnant. Jesse never considered putting his baby up for adoption or considered abortion. Instead, he was determined to raise the most incredible human being he possibly could. As a senior in high school, the idea of having a kid was understandably terrifying. And when he graduated that year, he already had a big belly. Then at the age of 18, he gave birth to a baby girl named Arlo. It's bad enough being a teenage parent on your own, but the fact that Jesse was also struggling with his identity made everything even more difficult. Jesse had not yet come out in any capacity before Arlo was born. He wasn't even aware that he was transgender, but he was experienced dysphoria surrounding his assigned gender.  He described this moment of realization to pop sugar telling them, I remember I was looking at her as a baby and I was like if I'm going to raise the child and I want her to grow up to be whoever she wants to be, I have to be that. For the next few years, Jesse's life became much easier. He began dressing more masculine and finally felt a bit like his genuine self. Soon enough he was identifying as non-binary and stopped thinking about how much he disliked the sound of his voice or the look of his breasts. That lasted for a little while. Then every negative feeling he ever had returned with a vengeance. That's when Jesse entered another difficult period of his life that lasted up until a few years ago when he finally began sharing his story with others. Jesse Sullivan officially came out as a trans man just a few months before the coronavirus pandemic confined most of us to our homes for a long period of time. As you might expect, the timing of how that played out would create some unexpected twists in his story. At first, the strong queer community in which he had found himself in LA supported him without any hesitation. But once the pandemic struck, Jesse was separated from the people who understood him best as he sheltered in place with his family. When Jesse came out to them as trans, needless to say, he didn't get the response he was looking for. After opening up and telling his family the truth, they weren't very accepting of the news and then he was stuck living with them. Without getting to experience any of the small daily validations he sometimes received from the outside world, Jesse turned to TikTok looking to form connections. At first, his videos were devoted to memes and delicious apple pie recipes, but eventually he felt the need to do more, especially after he began receiving comments or DMs from others. 13 year old trans kid who was struggling in life without any guidance. That's when Jesse realized that not only did he want to do more, he needed to do more. So Jesse revealed every detail of his story to his followers, including the fact that he was a trans man who had previously given birth. Sharing those moments provided him with the confidence he needed to take the next step, transitioning. He started slowly by microdosing his testosterone so that it wouldn't have a harsh effect on his body, which meant most of his changes were subtle at the beginning. It wasn't until he was about four months into the process that he started to take a full dose of testosterone. Shortly after, he started feeling more and more comfortable in his own skin. He described this, The first time I started feeling my voice crack, it was the most exciting thing in the world. It felt like taking off this horribly uncomfortable, miserable costume and being able to breathe. It took him about a year to tell his daughter about what he was undergoing. He had already come out to her before, but now that he was officially transitioning, it felt like a bigger deal. One day while sitting in Jesse's room, he was simply honest and told her about the process. His daughter's reply was exactly what he had hoped for. He revealed she was just like, okay, that's awesome.  That moment was so beautiful to me because there wasn't any pushback or concern. She was just more worried about the logistics and it shows how amazing children are because they see things so simply. Since then, Arlo has had more questions and Jesse has answered them as honestly as he can, so that she always feels comfortable asking him anything. She might have messed up his pronouns for a little bit, but now Jesse says she never does anymore and even corrects others if they mess up. But as comfortable as Jesse might be sharing this story with his daughter, when it came to other people, things weren't so cut and dry. When he was getting ready to share his full life story over on TikTok, from his teen pregnancy to transitioning while raising a daughter, Jesse Sullivan was racked with nerves, especially because it meant that he would have to show images of himself from his female presenting past. His concern extended beyond his own worries of being bullied, trolled, or harshly judged. He was also concerned that some of these videos might be triggering for people with gender dysphoria, but TikTok's supportive queer community helped convince him to push ahead regardless. When a video slideshow of photos of his transformation set to home by Edward Sharp went viral around election time in November 2020, Jesse knew right then and there how important what he was doing was. Not just to him, but others. Now he has nearly three million followers on the platform who lovingly embrace video clips of he and his daughter in addition to reenactments of real conversations that he's had about being trans. He's also providing advice to parents on how to raise understanding children by exposing them to non- traditional families. Of course, some people are always gonna have a mindset that you simply can't change, but instead of shutting down when confronted by those individuals, Jesse's simply steps up and uses the opportunity to educate. In his largest scale attempt to do just that, Jesse appeared on My Transparent Life, a documentary that detailed his life experience of being trans while also raising our love. Shortly after, he went to Instagram official with reality star Francesca Farago, a woman who appeared on Netflix's Too Hot to Handle in Perfect Match. After dating for a year, these two have now gotten engaged and Francesca shared the moment in May of this year with a photo carousel from their special night together. Now that he's finally achieved the happy ending he's so long gone after, Jesse Sullivan will continue to provide a voice for the voiceless while informing others about the very real stakes involved when it comes to discovering your true self. For now, however, that'll bring this before and after to a close. Thanks so much for watching and before you head off, consider answering the following question. What's the most honest conversation you've ever had about yourself with your children? Let me know if you've ever been able to open up as freely as Jesse has with Arlo in the comments below. Otherwise, like, subscribe, and turn on your notifications to make sure you don't miss our next episode. My name's Kara. If you'd like to check out another story of transformation and discovery, be sure to keep watching because coming up next is our look into the life of Chrissy Lapega. I'll see you all next time. Bye. In nature, a caterpillar always begins life as a tiny and forgotten thing before blossoming into a vibrant, eye-catching butterfly. The same could be said for social media influencer, Chrissy Lapega. She went through a metamorphosis of her own, transforming from a college student struggling with her identity into a pink-haired, self-proclaimed bimbo, who is currently dominating the TikTok algorithm. As a child, Chrissy grew up hyper-feminine and was often mocked by her classmates for being both outspoken and loud. She once described this experience to Lithium magazine by telling them, "'I was never fully taken seriously in school "'or public group settings.  "'She's got nothing behind those eyes, stuff like that.'" Other people might not have believed in her, but Chrissy Lapega has always known that she was destined to entertain. As the answer trying to find where she fit in the world, she gravitated towards musical theater, but her big break wouldn't come from performing on stage. After realizing she wasn't quite as interested in theater as she thought she was, Chrissy dropped out of college and found herself working three dead-end jobs to pay rent. Then she began her transformation into who she is today with what will become the first of many tattoos. Despite the fact that she'd always been intimidated by needles, Chrissy decided to get her first ink in an attempt to do something meaningful for herself while being trapped in a toxic relationship. Soon after, she stopped denying her queerness to herself. She explained to LogoTV, "'I just remember sitting on my bed one day "'and being like, yeah, I'm queer. "'Like, that's what it is. "'And saying it out loud, "'it was just kind of a weight lifted off my shoulders.'" Chrissy has since come to realize that there are many fluid layers to her sexuality and gender identity, which means she tries awfully hard not to limit to herself to just one label. That's why she uses both she and they when it comes to her pronouns. Chrissy's older brother, Kevin, is also queer and started using he, they pronouns with their family before Chrissy did. Something that helped pave the way for her in kind. Reflecting on sequence of events, Chrissy told LogoTV, "'Seeing them do it and be so confident "'and go and pursue their dreams "'and be who he really is did encourage me "'and allow me to realize it was okay for me to do that too.'" Chrissy never directly came out to her family and said she just openly began posting about her life online and knew that they would eventually find it. It took time for her parents to understand, but they've since come to accept their daughter for who she is. Other extended family members, well, they haven't been as kind. Not that that's gonna stop Chrissy from turning the family name into something more famous than it's ever been before. As COVID set in all around the world in early 2020, Chrissy found herself still trapped in an abusive relationship, one in which she had lost any aspect of herself. But after getting her first tattoo scrawled on her body, Chrissy found the necessary courage to end this relationship. After breaking free from her abuser, Chrissy felt the need to shed the skin of her previous life because it no longer felt like her true self. Soon after getting divine feminine tattooed across her ribs, Chrissy began her quest to take over social media. Many years earlier, the first social media page Chrissy ever created for herself was a Webkin's account where her username was happy 1114. From there, she branched out onto much more popular platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, the latter of which is where she's steadily built her audience to where it is today at an astounding 5 million followers. What originally started as a means for her to pass the time during lockdown almost immediately turned into something much more. Not long after her first post, Chrissy went viral for posting a reenactment. Not long after her first post, Chrissy went viral for posting a reenactment of an uncomfortable encounter she had with a stranger at Walgreens. When she checked her TikTok the next morning, she was shocked to discover her video had received more than 500,000 likes. After that, she dove head first into the platform by simply being herself. She's even earned recognition for having a speaking voice with an uncanny resemblance to that of pop star Ariana Grande, something that Chrissy has leaned heavily into by entertaining her fans with impersonations of the singer on a regular basis. Many of Chrissy's videos center around her identity as a member of the LGBTQ plus community. She's admitted in the past she didn't always have a place where she felt safe enough to be the most authentic version of herself. But with content focused on self love by sexual pride and sexual liberation, Chrissy has now managed to shed the chrysalis of her past and spread her wings further than anyone would have imagined possible. Today, you'll find Chrissy expressing this newfound confidence in her TikTok videos by wearing bold outfits and makeup, which is to say that she's never went to shy away from bright colors or patterns. While Chrissy is finally sure of who she is that isn't to say the rest of the world is always supportive. Like many social media influencers, Chrissy has to contend with trolls and hateful comments, most of which always seem to come from men. The good news is that Chrissy actually enjoys responding and by doing so in a sarcastic way, it helps her take comments less personally. The most notable of everything Chrissy has accomplished, however, is the bimbofication of TikTok. Chrissy officially introduced a bimbo talk on the platform through a video on which she answered the question, who is the Gen Z bimbo? Her fan base then picked up this idea of bimboism and ran with it, asserting themselves as hyper feminine, outspoken and sexually liberated individuals who refused to be regulated by anyone. Chrissy never referred to herself as a bimbo until her followers began to do so lovingly. Instead of using the term in the derogatory sense that proliferated the early aughts, Chrissy's community of fans have recontextualized the word to establish themselves as an inclusive queer subculture open to anyone who finds confidence in expressing femininity. And now that she's been dubbed queen bimbo, there's no going back. As much of an institution as Chrissy Schlapega become on TikTok, she's gearing up for yet another important step in her career. By looking to become a pop singer. Chrissy has wanted to be a singer since she was little girl but she's never really had a chance to spread her musical wings.  Writing music like her hit track, I'm so hot. But don't think for a second that Chrissy is just gonna forget about all her fans on TikTok. If anything, she's looking to synergize both careers by having them play off one another. She explained to Ink, my brand as a musician is very similar to the brand I have on TikTok. I just wanna be a little pop star party girl and that's the kind of vibe I'm giving. I'm obviously very heavily influenced by Slater as well as Rebecca Black, Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande. And while Chrissy might be best known for her larger than life personality, flamboyant outfits and her deep seated appreciation for boobs, she's more than ready to show her fans how talented she is, sonically speaking. Chrissy is creating this music for her teenage self, the one who struggled with who she really wanted to be. She told Ink, I want my music to reflect back and pay tribute to the girl I was in high school because she really needed a big hug. It's really still in the works but I guess that's the best way I can describe what I'm doing right now. I think it'll be really relatable to a lot of people who've had to find themselves all by themselves. In the meantime, she will continue to share her meaningful real life experiences with her millions of followers so that they can navigate themselves through similar situations. All right everyone, that's gonna bring us to the end of this before and after about Chrissy's transformation from a closeted bisexual teen to the TikTok bimbo she is today. Before you head out, consider answering the following question. What's one derogatory word from the past that you'd repurpose into something more ethically and socially meaningful? I never thought I'd see bimbo reinvented as something positive but I'll take it. Give me some even better ideas in the comments below. Otherwise, like, subscribe and turn on your notifications to make sure you never miss an episode.


Mark Thornton has a special offer for fans of minor issues, a free copy of Murray Rothbard's famous work, Anatomy of the State. This is a limited time offer, so act fast. Get yours today at Mises.org slash issues free. Hello and welcome to another episode of the minor issues podcast. I'm Mark Thornton at the Mises Institute. In this week's episode, we're going to take a deep dive into two huge issues that the mainstream media ignores. It relates to a previous episode on the Oregon problem and drug decriminalization in Oregon. Libertarians need to see this episode and the issues involved. The two fundamental issues that are in play here are one, property rights and our well-being in society and really our survival in society. And two, the pernicious impact on our daily lives of socialist ideology and mentality that has so infected the nation and the world, particularly younger people, maybe less than 40, but it's really everywhere. We also need to know that real full market reform is essential and so much better than incremental reform, as in the case with drug decriminalization. So we're going to be taking a long form deep dive using the podcast I did recently with Rob Taylor. Rob Taylor publishes the Rob Taylor report from Coose County, Oregon on the Pacific Coast, one hour drive from remote Oregon, but very much impacted by the policies of the state of Oregon. That we're going to be discussing measure 110 and we're going to be discussing property rights because I think that's part of the discussion that's missing. I think one of the greater elements that has happened in Coose County is the fact that we keep talking about either full-on prohibition, we're either talking about full-on prohibition where we're going to lock people up. I mean Donald Frump and his remarks on the speech the other night said he wants to execute all drug dealers and I think that's an extreme I'm not willing to take, I think it's a bad idea. But then you've got the do-know-harm crowd who want to have safe injection rooms, they want to provide drugs to these people, they want to give out crack pipes and I think this is a bad idea if it's done with my tax dollars. And so when I was set this article by a friend and it was written by Mark Thornton he's a senior fellow at the Mises Institute and the name of the article or the title of the article is called the Oregon Problem. It's not drugs, it's the socialistic political culture and anyone of you who lives here in Oregon you know that's what we're dealing with in Oregon. It's a socialistic culture that we have that's really pressing down upon us. I think Oregon is is sometimes the trial state for full-on American Marxism that's coming down the road. So joining me right now from the Mises Institute is Dr. Mark Thornton. Mark how are you doing? Hey I'm doing great. I'm here live at the Mises Institute. It's great to be on your program. I think this is a very important issue. You know my podcast is called Minor Issues but in reality we're dealing with a lot of issues that the mainstream media thinks are minor or irrelevant or don't make any sense but really hit at the heart of the matter and I think that the opinions and the issues and the statistics that I've seen relating to Oregon and this issue means it's a really big issue with the people out there and you know similar problems in other states and the problems seem to be spreading. I mean these are these are issues that simply didn't exist except in a couple of very isolated ghetto areas in the United States when I was growing up and now it's a common scene in some of America's great states, great cities around the country, places that were not long ago considered utopias. Yeah you know I think Oregon was was in that category that just a few decades ago people considered it kind of a utopian type of society and now look what's come of it so great to be here with you. And it's great to have you. I woke up at three o'clock last night and I started thinking of all the things I was going to ask you and what I wanted to talk about and then darn it I couldn't get back to sleep because you won't believe how much this issue is affecting everyday citizens here. In fact we are now looking at the development of and I don't want to call it vigilantism but the fact that the lawlessness that's going on because no one is taking care of the property crimes and the vandalism that's happening throughout our county here in Coose County and let me tell you how far off we are on the southern Oregon coast just to get to my little city abandoned you have to go an hour past the town called remote okay so we're we're way out here in the middle of nowhere and yet we have crime in our county that's just unbelievable and it's due to measure 110 which I did not support ironically because I am for drug at the end of the drug prohibition I've been fighting the drug war for a long time and not because I support anyone doing drugs I'm completely and would tell anyone that's a bad idea who's thinking of doing drugs but I saw a long time ago I was an advisor for the Gary Johnson administration in New Mexico and you know during his second term I was one of the people working with him to bring him out to start talking about these issues because we were seeing it in New Mexico where the extreme prohibitionists were pushing one way but the fact was it just wasn't working I was in a neighborhood where crack dealers ruled the neighborhood and it wasn't any better than what we have now but now we've gone to the exact opposite because of measure 110 they have decriminalized drugs which is far different than legalizing drugs and that's why we didn't support it and in your article I thought you did an excellent job of bringing out the fact that if you're going to have the end of drug prohibition you have to have the protection of people and property that is an utmost fact with any society and so I love that in your article yeah I mean you have to have a substitute and there has to be rules you know private property is a system of rules where my property is my property I get to do with it what I want your property is your property you get to do it with what you want and there's well established rules of what we can do and how we can do it you know who we allow to use our property how we use our property I mean that's a set of legal doctrines that date back for hundreds and hundreds of years and government you know slips in between that system it carves out a little realm of property for itself and you know we can do whatever it wants as long as the voters will go along with it and that's where the problem comes in because individuals who own property and who have an interest in being good caretakers of the property and and getting the most out of that property aren't there and so the public servants who are supposed to be serving the the voters and the citizens they have to act as a substitute I think it's important to point out um and it's very much related to this point is that with drug legalization the true drug legalization you spoke of and how different that is it is then uh decriminalization is that when drug legalization the types of drugs that would be produced distributed and consumed who would be making them who would be distributed in them who would be selling them who could they be sold to i.e not minors would be radically different okay so pharmaceutical companies drug companies would be making these products they would be under you know legal constraints of being sued for wrongful death for you know misadvertising their products product quality they would be under competitive threat from other producers they could go out of business or they could make a lot of money either way but it's entirely different than in a black market where nobody knows what anybody else is doing um we're the only incentive on the part of drug producers and distributors is to come up with the craziest most potent often the most lethal drugs possible so you know we've gone from a country where people drank beer and smoked pot and there were a large number of heroin addicts in cities like san francisco and new york city um to to a country that's overrun with you know crystal meth fentanyl um you know right now the black tar heroin from from mexico is actually relatively one of the safer drugs um it's produced in a primitive commercial like fashion um you know and of course under drug prohibition the potency of pot went from like a half a percent up to way more than 10 percent so you got just an extreme reaction as a result of drug prohibition and the drugs just got worse and worse and worse more addictive more dangerous more deadly and of course now we're seeing uh people gathering from fentanyl all all over the place um and and of course we had um several decades of people dying in large numbers from prescription opiate drugs and fake prescription opiate drugs um so the problem under government stewardship has gotten way out of control it's gotten much much worse um and we've made precious little progress now when i heard that orga had decriminalized all of drugs i thought well you know i was hopeful you know that somebody had uh said hey this is working for cannabis maybe it will work uh for some of these other drugs and it has you know similar experiments in portugal in spain a few other countries that have decriminalized other drugs have been much more successful um one of the things that you just mentioned is that under a legalization scenario because the what we've done in orga and i want to differentiate to people the that decriminalization means that for certain large amounts of drugs for dealing drugs you're still going to go to jail and for people who are using low level amounts of drugs who are caught with those personal use drugs they're going they're supposed to get a hundred dollar fine and um they they get a number you can call the number and get help if you want help the help really isn't there they're they haven't spent a lot of the money for to provide help in many areas especially in rural areas and um that to me was the bigger problem is that under legalization as you were saying the government would regulate the supply and until we get a candle on the supply until we get more uh commercialized regulated products that uh decriminalization would never work just for the scenario you set up and people are always going to say that well you know yes drugs will be safer but people are going to die of drugs people die of smoking cigarettes people die of alcohol right now those are drugs those are legal in fact i'm sitting here drinking sweet tea and that's a refined white powder that i consume every day and there are people out there hundreds of thousands across the globe who die of diabetes and other diseases because of sugar it's uh you know and so i'm i believe that it's still better to have these products legalized and people choosing to use them knowing the risk die instead of what we have here in coose county where and this happens all over the united states is that the gains the criminals control the production they control the the uh the supply of where it's delivered who's going to sell it how it's going to be sold and they control that through violence and i think that one person one mother one father one child who dies who's not using drug who's not involved with drug use is 10 100 times worse than people who are going to die who are going to use legal cocaine who are going to use legal heroin under our scenario because i would call it our scenario because i think you and i both uh in the same book of wanting to legalize it we just don't want to see what's happening right now where people and the government does it here they they excuse the criminal activity by saying well they're on drugs so there's nothing we can do about it you agree with that oh yeah i mean the potential for what economists call negative externalities where my behavior could be internalized and i face all the cost of my behavior but if my behavior negatively affects my neighbors uh passersby and so forth um you know that's that's the big problem and property rights does a great job of preventing people from imposing costs on innocent third parties and and so what you know the rule of law is supposed to prevent people from imposing their externalities on other people and but with the government in charge of so much public resources so much public land the streets the sidewalks government property of all sorts the schools um it becomes a really big problem if government itself doesn't find some way of minimizing my ability to have a negative effect on my neighbors or have a negative effect on just the population in general and i see that's really what's happening in oregon and it really is a matter of policy but it turns out i think that a lot of the public services that most cities and counties and states have uh in oregon certainly has you know programs to protect children and programs to help the homeless um you know programs for the mentally ill but they're um i i've i've learned um more recently since i wrote that article that most of the public institutions in oregon um have become woke along with the population and they're simply not either able or willing to or instructed to do what a lot of other public bureaucracies do in other states under similar circumstances and i understand that the police but out there are very frustrated with this new rule and that the hundred dollar fine nobody collects it um nobody calls the number um and that when people reach out for public assistance for rehabilitation services or child protection services um that nobody's answering the phone or if they do answer they're doing nothing about it and i'm afraid that as i described in the article and i've learned that the problem is actually much worse than i first suspected is the ideological problem in oregon is much worse um i think of oregon as um as more of a rural state um you know cutting trees we cut trees here in alabama too it's a big industry farming you know those kind of things um but apparently the ideological basis in the state has changed for whatever reason um you know and the the policy in the ideology now apparently permeates a majority of the voting class which tends to be concentrated in urban areas uh as well as the political class of politicians and bureaucrats um and that really you know has a big influence on um the rules that are enforced how they're enforced whether or not they're going to be enforced and um when you get to a situation where you have widespread homelessness and you have widespread open public drug use and abuse especially involving children you know that that indicates to me that it's you know the problem of drug addiction has gone way way beyond that um and it's and it's having a very detrimental effect in the state and i think it's probably having a detrimental effect on business and employment outside employers who get to choose from 50 states um are going to think twice about locating new facilities in the state of oregon uh you know and of course similar things are true in central america where this drug trade comes up um it's it's hurt jobs it hurts jobs everywhere it goes you know there's a few jobs in the black market and there's enforcers mafia type people jobs but they're not breadwinner family-oriented jobs and i gotta think that that's going to um have a further negative effect for the people of oregon when when employers are looking around they're not already in oregon they're looking for a new home whether that's for production raw material extraction distribution assembly facilities um you know you could well imagine given the diversity of climate and and and natural resources in the state that a lot of people would be attracted to that for its natural conditions and i consider this ideological problem and this policy problem not a natural condition at all but a purely man man-made problem of the human mind that's turned away from the traditional institutions uh that have benefited humanity over the last several hundred years and you couldn't be more correct and as someone who and they'll call me a conspiracy theorist i believe that the oregon government which is run by extreme leftists from the democrat party that they are using this drug decriminalization to destroy the rights of the property owner and here's the storyline that goes out now doctor 14 is that um they will tell you people they they're they're um they are losing their houses then they get drug addicted and then we have to deal with that problem by helping these homeless and they're calling them the homeless and i and i hear this in my own county by people who get up and try to put that narrative forward and i always get up and i'm correct and i say no the story isn't that they lost their house then they got it became a drug addict i said they became a drug addict they lost their job then they lost their house and now they're living on the street and you people want the rest of us to house these people by raising our taxes and taking up more and more land that's in the private market putting it into the hands of government to build these shelters for these people and i believe that it's a way to slowly erode our property rights and that's what i see happening now and it's happening um from the the top down i mean it's happening at the governor's office who has who has declared several emergencies on what she calls houselessness homelessness and i have to say that uh the problem isn't homelessness the problem is lawlessness once again and and i go back to the fact that if you gave me one of these these meth heads on the street today a house it wouldn't take but maybe three weeks before they have destroyed the house it would become just like the shopping carts and the tarps that they live in in the streets or on the sidewalks or on the front of the business and you can't take someone who's in a chaotic state and give them a brand new house at the expense of the taxpayer and the property owner because all you're doing is cutting into the taxpayer and the property owner so that it actually creates more homeless because many people are barely able to survive right now so that's why i think decriminalization is the way they went to not really because they love the attic and they care for the attic but i think they just hate property and and anyone who knows marks the carl marks was asked once what is communism and he said the the abolition of private property and that's what we're looking at today in Oregon yes and i i just directed a master's thesis that looked at the housing situation in the western states washington or gone in california in particular california but it applies to all three states and in all three states the government wants to restrict the ability of property owners to build housing yes and so in these three states i know portland seattle all the major metropolitan areas of california housing is very very expensive and basically the political class of the state had made the use of private property or public property it's taking that off of the board with respect to creating housing so what you're saying about the political class wanting to make the problem worse i mean they could just be stupid that they could be but i think it's more of their marx's orientation uh they're they're interested in controlling everything and micromanaging everything as if they were running some bureaucracy or some business and so they've artificially driven up the price of housing in san francisco in the bay area los angeles uh santa barbra portland seattle all of these places they've they've greatly restricted uh where you can build a house right so housing is very very expensive so if you get into any kind of trouble you know like this inflation that the fed has given us the last couple of years i've seen stories all over the country but particularly on the west coast where people are exasperated they're working a full-time job and the fed has basically caused prices to rise so much that they can't afford their apartment they can't afford to make their mortgage payment they can't afford to move there's no place for them to go so that would reinforce your point about the politicians seemingly and actively working to make the problem worse yes yes absolutely and you know unlike your state and everything that is east of the mississippi all the states that are west of the mississippi nevada new mexico california washington um oregon itself 54 percent of it is owned by the federal government 54 percent of it and most of it is forest land it's vacant land and that right there in itself is part of the problem because we're not being able to utilize that land for development and then you add on the high cost of development fees that could be lowered without raising taxes you look at the regulations such as the smarts the smart cities the smart grid regulations that organ has put on development you get you can get rid of that without raising taxes things like land use laws or again is the only state in the entire nation that has centralized planning and zoning through the organ development council our council on development and conservation and it's it's it's complete socialized planning and zoning i would get rid of that entire council i would let it go to the county's urban growth boundaries that they have created is just in that's just an imaginary line to destroy the development of things and you know you you take all those into a contributing factor but yet they're not looking at that up in Salem with the governor or the legislature that's controlled by the democrats they're not looking at changing those right now they're talking about well different taxes to tax us the the the producers instead of doing stuff that would actually encourage development and they want to develop they say they want to develop 36 000 houses a year they're never going to be able to meet this but that's their goal and the only way that they're going to do it without changing the things that i suggested is by making it from those of us who produce and it's a scary proposition because it's just going to destroy rural Oregon and and i believe that that is exactly their intent to get us all into the major cities so that they can use this for their playgrounds i don't know what do you think of on that situation well i mean all the evidence indicates that that is the case and um it it's a general problem i mean government is driving up the cost of everything whether it's the federal reserve creating money out of thin air or state county and local bureaucrats imposing all sorts of restrictive um covenants and regulations and requirements and paper filing um in this master's thesis um i i noted that uh the student found that the cost the government paper red tape cost of producing a condominium in uh in southern california was greater than what it would cost you to buy yeah a completed condominium here in in the state of alabama and sure you know but we're not talking about the land the cost of the land so this is just construction and then you know the construction materials can't be that much uh different so it gives you some idea about what um the the paper red tape cost that states and local governments can impose and then the restrictive government covenants that the environmental mindset wants to impose so we don't cut down trees and we have this and we have that and all this open land yada yada yada but if you do that that means there's no land to build houses and schools and businesses and retail and so forth and i know portland you know is highly geographically constrained yes um you know so and then you throw the environmental concerns on top of that and it's a it's a recipe for economic disaster and i know that this has been going on for quite some time i've heard the story from friends and relatives that go back 25 years or more so this is not new they're just continuing on um their drive towards uh control and and i think you're right they they do want to control people they want to um they don't like people out in rural areas they don't like people go to church right um organ is um is a state where people are not religiously uh affiliated the only states that have lower religious affiliations are in the communist states of new england um and that works against uh freedom and property rights and independence uh because people tend to have a more socialistic mindset they tend to be more indoctrinated in the public schools uh and so the situation can become ideologically which is what they want ideologically it weakens you uh and makes you much more willing to go along and the ultimate weaklings uh in society and the most unfortunate are these drug addicts and alcoholics who have no will really left of their own and they become a pawn in this whole process they actually it sounds to me they almost become like a weapon that the politicians are using to plan the productive class in society the people who go to work the people who own businesses uh the people who have to make payroll uh the people who have to satisfy the customer somehow or another uh this is all coming down and of course as you suggest they they're only solution they're only go to solution is we're going to tax you more we're going to hire more people to work for government and we're going to screw up even more people's lives in the process right um so if if if you don't turn that all around um you know the vitality of the state will just float down river and out to the sea one of the things that people often confuse libertarianism with is anarchy they they assume that if you're a libertarian you're you're an iran iron ran objectivist that you're conservative that somehow that many ways that uh you know they we talk about laissez-faire markets they they immediately equate that with anarchy but the thing is is that we still the the the reason we have government is to protect the person and the property building streets and bridges and all the other things they do that's ancillary to the main goal of protecting the person and the property from enemies foreign and domestic and one of the things that people will tell me well rob you're a libertarian you must you must think that uh that you know these druggies that are out on the street that have no home due to the fault of their own with or without these regulations that you don't you don't want to tell these people they can't sleep on the sidewalk you don't want to tell these people that they can't sleep in the park you don't you don't actually want to get them out of the the residential areas where they're building their their campsites and and i tell them yeah actually i do and i believe that when government the collective and and i believe in the smallest collective that we can have and still survive as a society that in a collective when we build sidewalks still for walking when we build roads they're for roads when we build residential areas we have to protect those residential areas and in fact i would argue that what they're they're talking about is the commons and that's the tragedy of the commons is that if nobody takes responsibility for it because we all own it then this is what we're going to get the real anarchy that we're seeing in many cities and streets um we do agree with that oh yeah it's the chaos the chaos the chaos um you know there's lots of different types of libertarians there's lots of different republicans and there's obviously a lot of different types of democrats um but in general all libertarians believe in the free society and it's just a matter of how much uh government you have how little government you have and what it does and libertarians agree that there has to be protection for property rights against crime uh violence and invasion um you know so there's some generally accepted uh things about libertarianism and you know for the most part um i live my life without really any government intervention to speak of i mean um when i go to the grocery store there's you know the government isn't overlooking that sort of transaction so we we go about our lives generally in a free society that's what made america great to begin with is that freedom brings along with it uh the opportunities for individuals to succeed in life to do better to do the things that they really wanted to do um and it's the state and massive government interventions which basically limit people they tell them you can't do this job and no you've got to be in school until you're 18 and you know you're demanded to do a lot of things you're prevented from doing a lot of things uh you have to get a license to do things you have to pay taxes on your income your investments you have to pay taxes when you buy stuff i mean you know so we become a very heavy-handed uh government in this country we're much less free but our freedom and nobody denies us our freedom is what allowed americans become so prosperous and to become the reason why so many people around the world uh want to come to the united states i just talked to a young lady uh yesterday from china and she was telling me about her life growing up in china i mean how she always wanted to come to the united states where she would have opportunities not that she was going to be given anything but that she could do more or less what she wanted to do and given an opportunity to succeed or fail and so that's really the key to our success in these numbskills in government and the socialist ideologues in the media in particular the mainstream media have been able to control our education and our ideology and they've basically turned that story upside down so that the entrepreneur is all of a sudden always the bad guy who's destroying the planet but in reality the entrepreneurs providing people jobs providing people with goods and services at a competitive price that's how the system works and so if you're living a good life it's really you're living between the seams of government you're you're serving your fellow man and you're being compensated for that and very often you know us lucky ones that are in that position we don't really get involved with government in much any way i mean what protects my house and my car and my health are insurance companies not the government and so it's really an ideological problem that we've gotten into and i don't have an explanation as to why the west coast states are particularly problematic or why the new england states are even worse in many respects you know when you think of vermont and you think of main and you think of massachusetts um those are very big government states of course they're also still like many of the western states they're still fairly wealthy a lot of wealth was built up in a similar fashion that happened in sweden sweden was a very free market country total free trade total laissez faire they became one of the wealthiest countries in the world and then the socialists got involved and started to break it all down and um so you know when it comes to economics we cannot do away with some of the basics like education like ideology you know we've got to know what makes the country great and what makes it prosperous and what undermines it and i think you know you're pointing out the tragedy of the commons the tragedies that happen with communal ownership and control of resources is really fundamental rob i think that's really really fundamental the fundamentals that the young people aren't learning today and that's it yeah and and you know when stalin went in to take over russia and he pitted the the proletariat against the bourgeoisie there was a state of chaos that he could take advantage of and that's why the socialists have to create that chaos so that they can create a new class of bourgeoisie and a new class of the proletariat we were you were talking about how the the homeless are almost and i and once again i don't put everyone in the same category in homeless i'm talking about the drug addicted criminal are now being exploited as someone who they can use against people who are legitimate property owners once again creating that proletariat creating that bourgeoisie you are someone as a senior fellow for the ludwig von misa's institute ludwig von misa's i believe it was austrian right or was he austrian austrian yes i'm sorry i meant that austrian and he saw what was happening with the vine mar republic where you have the international socialist fighting the national socialist the fascist against the communist and in an economy that we're facing today they tried to pit one here in america that the communists are on the left the fascists are on the right and yet ludwig von misa's successfully argued in many of his essays that it wasn't that the communists and the fascists were different they were either international socialists or national socialists on the far left with big government collectivism or you're on the right who which would be anarchy if you went to the extreme right but somewhere farther to the right past the socialism and fascism just before anarchy you have the libertarian who believes in the free laissez-faire market and that is really the the paradigm that we should be looking at but yet the news and everyone else keeps talking about the right and left as in the left is communist and the right is fascist and i think that paradigm is what needs to be broken when we're talking to each other which you know you see what i'm saying oh yeah and in misa's ludwig von misa's argued strongly against both of them you know he lived in vienna austria he was you know considered the last apostle of free market economics and when the nazis invaded austria and vienna they went to his office into his apartment to get him because he had so he had proven that socialism doesn't work and they wanted to figure out exactly how they could fix their system because it was very chaotic misa's fortunately had already left he went to switzerland then to portugal and finally to the united states and then after the downfall of communism in the late 1980s we found all of his papers from his office and from his apartment in a kgb warehouse in mosca so the nazi ss troopers had gone in taken all of his stuff brought it back to an agistapo warehouse headquarters to study it and then when the red army invaded from russia from the soviet union they grabbed all of misa's papers thinking that he had hidden this secret on how to solve socialism and they brought it back to mosca so they were both you know staunch enemies of misa's they wanted to kill him and they thought that you know he he had proven that socialism was impossible and chaotic and they thought he was just making it up and that he really knew how to make socialism work right and you know the fact that they were both after them and they both stole his papers indicates that they were really too birds of a feather they hated each other because one was international one was nationalist and you know lenin who took over russia during the russian revolution it's his birthday this week and um he would have never ever come to power had it not been for for the u.s in canada in france in great britain and even earlier germany itself propping him up um in russia so the fact that we got communism and leninism in tens of billions of russians had to die as a result we actually helped create lenin we actually had troops in russia during world war one defending the bolsheviks from the germans because the germans hated hated lenin and they wanted to sack him and we actually stationed troops to try to protect him so there's a lot of just crazy things in history that were never told about were always misled in public schools and by the media and but the truth that you cannot obviously anybody can realize that you know a free society is what allows us to be happy and prosperous it allows us it gives us opportunities it opens up things to strive for and in striving to do better for ourselves we're actually serving our friends and neighbors and um and sometimes people around the world um and and that's really what makes for a good society when everybody has the opportunity to serve each other we all end up being better off and we all end up being happier as a result and communism and socialism uh don't do that they do the exact opposite they cause conflict that's what's happening in oregon they're causing conflict on the city streets um in the cities and metropolitan areas of oregon and it's a policy that's really when you look at it rationally it's designed to fail it has to be because with the natural resources that we have in oregon just by accident we should be a huge supplier of those natural resources all over the uh this country all over the world and we're not using those natural resources because we've been hindered by the federal or state government that's in charge it's funny you were talking about how america so many times was helped out the russians when you know we up to the point where you know we started fighting a cold war with them hoover under the hoover administration in 22 he he sent huge amounts of food because of the starvation that was going on in russia right after the revolution which then kind of led into the holodomor that happened well before the holocaust and it's kind of ironic that uh you know we held out russia and then looked what russia did to ukraine you know a couple of years later and it's we could have prevented that as americans if we you know maybe let some of the commie stars i know it sounds cruel but it just would have been better if we wouldn't have had the policy of trying to always help them out one question i have for you and i i'm a huge uh i'm trying to read as much as i can and i'll tell you someone i've never heard about and you turned me on to him an essay on economic theory by richard camp tillett and i may be pronouncing that wrong but i noticed you or the editor of that book uh that um he had written and i'm not familiar with it but i i definitely want to hear some about that uh how did you uh you know how did you end up editing his book because this i just read chapter two and now i want to read the rest of the book on it because it it does lay out it seems like the same kinds of theories that um uh adin smith was talking about in the wealth of nations and you know of course all the modern 20th century economists melton freedman hyac and such were also uh extrapolating how did you get involved with it well my teachers i was just lucky to have some great teachers um including murray rothbard and um teachers here at alburn university who knew of richard camp you know because he wasn't a widely known uh or discussed figure uh he may be the most important person who's ever lived that nobody really has ever heard of he was irish uh he was a banker he became one of the world's wealthiest persons in the 1720s he wrote this manuscript in 1730 and he really explained economic theory very basic stuff across the entire board of economic analysis you know prices money inflation employment standard of living growth location geography entrepreneurship he's the father of entrepreneurship theory um and but he was you know he was read by adam smith he was read by david human two of the very first uh classical economist very influential but very mysterious at the same time he was murdered right after he wrote the manuscript and it wasn't ever published until 25 years after his death it was published suspiciously anonymously by a publisher that had been out of business for decades um and he he was always a man of mystery but he's really the first person who was able to construct economic theory you know such as supply and demand but really everything else and he debunked all of the existing notions about money being well and just all sorts of nonsensical notions that pervaded economic policy um like you could be you could the nation could become rich through protectionism um as much as i just like modern mainstream economists even they disagree with that so we've learned a lot from this guy and yet nobody really knows much about him and uh his economic theory is not widely known as coming from him but it at the same time it's it's widely adopted uh so if you took up principles of microeconomics you would see a lot of his influence in there as well as in economic policy where he was an advocate for free trade for free professions and you know just that the free market worked um on its own he used the word regulated in the essay a hundred times but he used it to show that markets were well regulated by themselves not that they required government intervention so he's really a diamond in the rough he might be one of the most important thinkers of all time and he influenced a lot of the great french liberals uh and english liberals and by liberals the european liberal is the libertarian not the democratic socialist um and but the ideas his name never really stuck with the ideas and so that's one of my big um crusades is to show that um he's really responsible and a lot more important than anybody ever thought and uh and i'm finding brand new things um in this book uh even since you know the this translation was published 13 years ago and i'm still finding brand new surprising shocking things in this book um that have not yet come to light so uh this is a very dynamic thing that we're doing here at the mises institute we're not just shilling a bunch of old ideas for wealthy businessmen we're supported by um you know individuals families family foundations we don't get money from the government we don't get money from large government bureaucracies we don't get money from you know the big charitable foundations we're supported by individuals and entrepreneurs really so it's a natural home for the father of entrepreneurship theory to have his work uh retranslated and provided we actually provide a free pdf of that book and even an audio version of that book for free on our website so we want to get the word out and we're we work very intensely with college students with graduate students who are studying to become economists and social scientists um and we work with the general public we have conferences all around the country we have scholars affiliated with us in many many different different countries around the world uh there are 20 other fledgling mises institutes not a part of us right but people who have seen the merit of living on mises at work and want to try to do the same thing that we're doing for their country and so a lot of our work gets translated into other languages my book on prohibition was just translated into portuguese um spanish italian and so there's a big drive particularly on the part of young people college students and business people or or want to be business people uh define the science behind what makes the system work the system of free market capitalism maybe maybe we should start going around like they did in the 30s and having the christian revival we will have the mises revivals maybe i don't know but i'm hoping that there's a generation coming up that has seen what the last the woke ism uh the the woke generation that we've been dealing with the last um well probably longer than four or five years probably over the last decade or so that really has gotten strong over the last couple of years i would like to see a rebellion young kids rebelling and having this type of uh revival for for you know this type of free laissez-faire free market uh ideas and you know you could the history for it is there and i imagine the publisher who published this book i imagine they the reason they they did it is because it was almost heresy you know what i mean i imagine it was almost a danger to be promoting those ideas because it was undermining monarchies and and such so i i'm just yeah i'm the people who published cantillon's book were the free market leaders uh within the french revolution movement you know there were socialists and so forth but the free market click within the french revolution is exactly the people who published cantillon's book so you're absolutely your guess is right on the mark and i can tell you that more people are interested in austrian economics now um than ever before it's like a million to one from when i was in college so and it's all largely young people uh people who are are in business or want to go into business and uh so it's the future leaders of society are really clicked into this not the political leaders right but the social leaders of community that um realize that there's there's an important message here i'm very optimistic i know it can be very frustrating for you uh to read the headlines and to read the misinformation out there but um from my perspective i get to see the students and uh you know what they're having to put up with at most universities in the world and uh they see a light go off when they see the science of liberty being explained to them they might not be able to memorize it but they can see it they can recognize it but yeah private property does seem to work doesn't it you know it sure does the entrepreneur is really not that bad but after all well i don't think that you will own nothing and be happy crap that's coming out of the world economic forum is going to sell to young people i i you know they you see a lot of them on iphone's but that itself is property their body itself is their property and i i agree with you i i think it's i think we're going to see a whole new revival of this theory going in um mark i want to thank you so much for coming on um we i hope we can get you back here again at some point in time if people want to see mark uh thorton's thorton's work go to mesis.org and anything quick you want to say before i get you out of here yeah i mean i would encourage that too there's you know no registration no fees our books are dirt cheap you can get free pdf we got daily articles coming out all the time about everything under the sun that's written for regular people and um it's it's just a great resource um and uh and i think we're winning the battle we're but we're very very small and i encourage everybody to take a look and join in because it's very exciting it's very promising and it's absolutely essential to save the way ours on the way of life that um we uh that we want um and that we deserve and uh i think you'll you'll see what we can what we can do and why other people are so excited about it so and i'm also on twitter dr mark thorton and um you know so again uh join us we've got lots of scholars that are on twitter and we have lots of scholars who are publishing every day a lot of young people publishing every day on mesis.org it's m i s e s dot o r g so thank you very much rob i look forward to coming back


Alright, so, Kata is the American Natural History Museum's astrophysicisation guide. Is that the correct way to... yep. He's sitting in New York for the morning right now and will now demonstrate how he visualised New Horizons in Canada with Pluto last year, I think. And then, after he's gone through that, and perhaps one other, Alex will talk through how this works and what's happening, how much of it's happening open source. Kata, take it away. Well, great. Thank you, Ed. And hello, Singapore. I wish I was there. I'm actually at my mom's house on Cape Cod in Massachusetts just south of Boston. So, we're going to start off here looking at the spacecraft. The idea with this software is to spacecraft scale to about the size of a baby grand piano. If we come in close to the science instruments, Alice and Ralph. If any of you know the American television shows, the honeymoon years, Alice was skinny and Ralph was a little more fat. And so, Alice is a skinny ultraviolet spectrometer and Ralph is the infrared and visible wavelength scanner. So, they take multiple wavelengths. The images we will be seeing are from the Lori camera. And this is a telescope. It's sort of like a, oh, about a, I think, a 25 or 30 centimeter telescope, essentially, that takes about one-third of a degree. So, smaller than the full moon picture. And then over, further on the left, we have two particle and field instruments to measure the sort of plasma environment, both of the solar wind and the particles, energetic particles from the Pepsi instruments. And if we just quickly come around back, thanks, Alex. We're looking now at the radio isotope thermoelectric generator, and that's somewhat in black. Alex, could you circle it with your pointer? Thank you. It may be a little tough to see, but that's plutonium. Plutonium is hot, space is cold, so you run a thermocouple, which is your battery. And this brings us around to where we can see Pluto in the distance. The line going through the spacecraft is the trajectory line. So the views of the cameras, we can see in the background, we see something that looks like a fly swatter, and that is over Pluto. And that's the ultraviolet experiment view. And then a smaller view is the camera that we're concerned with. We see a target. It looks like a target. Alex, could we focus on Pluto? Great. We're now going to move in closer to Pluto and Charon. So these are the orbits of the various moons about Pluto. And if we come in close, we can see Pluto and the orbit of its large moon, Charon, which is half the size of Pluto. Pluto is actually smaller than the Earth's moon. And we can see that Pluto has, in fact, an orbit as well around the balance point called the Barry Center in between the two. We see shadows that we visualized here in light gray extending from Pluto and Charon. So those shadows extend straight back from the sun. And Alex, if we could pull back just a little farther. Thank you. We can see the other four moons, which are Styx, Nyx, Hydra, and Kerberos. Now Styx, Kerberos and Hydra are on one side and Nyx is on this other side. So Nyx and Hydra were first seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. And so we knew of those additional moons. And then later Styx and Kerberos were found. They were worried that there might be ring debris. And so they were worried if there was a ring, the spacecraft might hit some debris. The trajectory actually come very close to the largest moon's orbit, Charon. And Charon is on the other side of Pluto. And so the idea was that Charon would have dynamically swept clean that area if there was ring debris. And so that's the idea of the mission was that the trajectory would go past the orbit of Charon with Charon not there. And then it would go through the shadows of Pluto and Charon actually when it flies through. So we see the trajectory line with, of course, that has to do with time. And so we see nodes along the trajectory in yellow for every hour and in every 15 minutes, a little gray node. And so we're sort of visualizing time a little bit with that. And the background of the stars is also accurate. So as Alex pulls us back here, we see the Milky Way behind. That's correct insofar as the trajectory with respect to Pluto. So I think what we'd like to do, let's come in closer if we could. Alex, time is running. And so we see the image of Pluto. I guess we're coming up on that first shot. Alex, should we clear the texture of Pluto? So here this is sort of our best map as we were on approach. And we can see, we can see as time evolves here, we can see how the instrument is now coming over and we've set time. So we're going to see the one of the first full frame images there. There we see the image. Alex, could we move a little closer, please? So we see the image projected onto Pluto, onto the target. The aim in this visualization is somewhat an engineering visualization to show how the observations are made. So what we're doing is actually projecting the image that was gathered onto Pluto. And so that we can see in this full frame, which was really the morning of encounter day. But actually, I'm sorry, the evening before encounter. So this is July 13 in about the time that we may be able to see in the upper left corner shows that it's about hour 20 in the evening on a day before closest encounter. But this is when they were close enough that the telescopic view was able to cover all of Pluto as a sort of full view. And so we can see the heart. And the heart is very distinct here. And Alex is outlining it. One side is a little more broken. That's kind of a broken heart. One side that we now call Sputnik Planum. The names have been given by the New Horizons team. And so that we can talk about these different features. But Sputnik Planum, you can already see it looks like an impact basin. It's somewhat circular. And so it's a topographical low. We're coming in for another picture. But we may want, just in the interest of time, we want to run. We'd like to run a little faster so that we'll go into the next morning. Several pictures are going to be taken here. And but if we go, we're now racing forward in time. Alex is moving ahead in time. Multiple pictures are being taken. There are also pictures being taken of Sharon. But today we'll just really concentrate on the image sequence at Pluto. What we're doing is reading NASA's observational geometry system. So we see where the spacecraft is along the trajectory, where the instruments are aiming, and then the resulting images actually projected onto Pluto. On the day of the encounter on July 14th, we were live with this actually running, being operated by the developer student, Michael Marcinkowski, from Mission Control. And we were linked up with about a dozen sites around the world, including Singapore Science Center there. They were watching in a passive mode, but we also had active participants on the Google Hangout about eight participants around the world. And so here we see the spacecraft sliding along the trajectory, observations coming up at Nix. That observation that just turned on and you saw it turn off was a Ralph instrument. This is the Alice instrument. Once again, it kind of looks like a fly swatter. So it's making observations. And as we come in, if we focus back down on Pluto, we should begin to see that we're getting so close to Pluto. Pluto's getting bigger and bigger in our field of view that now they have to take multiple images of Pluto to get the coverage. So this is 8 o'clock UTC on July 14th. We're getting close to where we're going to see multiple images here. And so now as we get closer, we can see that filling the camera's view, we're getting a larger Pluto, so we're getting more and more detail. So in this mosaic, which I believe is about a four by four mosaic, that we can see how the images improve. Now, the images that are made available for us are taken from the Science Operations Center's website. And the images have a high bit range natively, but they publish them in JPEG format. And so the images have different tonalities. And in a way, we weren't trying to smooth everything out. Of course, NASA has published a very nice map. But in this way, the different tonalities actually emphasize the different images. So it allows us to see a better and better Pluto. If we come in close, Alex, we can see one rather distinct crater. It's a small crater. Well, you see many craters, but there's a crater just up at the top of the view that has a floor of ices that we can see. And so we're seeing these ices. We knew even before we got to Pluto that it was covered with methane ice and also nitrogen ice. And so the nitrogen, they believe now, is forming kind of a slush and that the covering of sputnik planum is a methane ice with the consistency that Alan Stern, the principal investigator for the mission, calls almost like a consistency of toothpaste. And so we can see this very interesting geology. We also know that because of the sort of hydrocarbons in the mix that over time under the ultraviolet light at the sun, thulins are created and they are sort of the building blocks of amino acids and life. So it's an interesting set of concoctions of organic chemistry. But they tend to be darker so that we see this mix of dark and light features. So we can race ahead in time, Alex, to around 10 o'clock UTC. Multiple observations covering both Charon and Pluto, as well as some of the smaller moons occasionally, the instruments going out and looking at that. So as we come up now, we're at a 10-10 UTC. This is where we're close enough to where they took what's called the stereomosaic. So as we're moving through, we can maybe, yeah, okay. There we go. And so we're seeing new images, even higher resolution. And this takes a 4 by 3 image mosaic, which now has enough resolution to basically be the basis for later observations that will look at the same area, but they're going to look a little bit later. And so as New Horizons slides past Pluto, it will get a little bit different perspective, even though the next images will be even higher resolution. So by having multiple coverage from two different angles, that if there were any mountains to be seen on Pluto, as we're clearly seeing here, that they can then get height information. So height maps are going to be built up. It was not clear as we approach Pluto whether there would be any mountainous forms because the ices, especially methane ices, very weak. The mountains we see can only be frozen water or ice mountains. And we can already see in close that at the edge of Sputnik Planum, there's a jumble of mountains. And those mountains have been now measured because of this technique of using stereo to get the heights of the jumble of mountains that we see down below us there. That it looks as though those are floating icebergs in the nitrogen sea. And they're about 5,000 meters tall. So 5 kilometers tall. We can already see the lighting emphasizes the mountains and the craters and also fractures on the surface. Alex's cursor right now is pointing to a crater, named for Venetia Bernie, who was the young lady, 11 years old when she named Pluto, when Pluto was discovered. And she died in 2009. But that crater holds her name also. Sputnik Planum in the heart is also known regionally as Tombaugh Regio for Clyde Tombaugh who had discovered Pluto at the Lowell Observatory 1930. So I think we can move ahead in time a little bit. Oh, I see Alex has lined us up actually very nicely so that we're now seeing the first of the high resolution strips. And a series of these that were taken rapid fashion, we see one picture after another cruising through and covering over that same terrain as we saw before. And we can now see the multiple coverage here. And right there, Alex, if you zoom in on the terminator there, we see in the mountains here, mountains that are about as tall as the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. And also very up at the top there's a kind of a strange looking mound and that's called Wright Mons, named for the Wright Brothers, who made the first powered airplane in the U.S. And that seems to be a volcano. So it's a very interesting structure. Now if we pull back, we'll be able to see, I think the later imaging campaigns. I'm just going to grab my phone to check the time, how we're doing on time. Okay, I think an interest for this is that maybe we'll see this last image strip here. We'll go for one more. And I think what we'd like to do is switch gears and show you the Rosetta mission. Alex is going one second per second. So this is actual speed because at this point we're so close to Pluto that we're flying so fast that this image strip we're actually seeing in real time. And so here we see the spacecraft. We've enlarged the spacecraft by a bit and that's why we see all the sort of instrument you seem to come out from the center of the instead of out of the individual instruments it's coming out of the sort of geometric center of the model. I think this is great. Alex, if we want to switch gears and take a few seconds we will actually do a reload of open space to show you the Rosetta mission. And so in this case, over the last year the Rosetta mission which is an iron propulsion mission by the European Space Agency. Of course New Horizons was NASA but the Rosetta mission was off to the Comet Nucleus Comet 67P, Churyumov Jerosimenko and a comet that passed perihelion or closest to the sun I believe on August 18th of 2015 when I was in Singapore here we see the trajectory of the spacecraft approaching it's an iron drive but it also has rusters it's a very strange approach it's this triangular approach and so the location at the end of this strange triangular approach is Rosetta and then we see its view frustum in purple looking off to the Comet Nucleus and we purposely made the Comet Nucleus a model developed by Swedish amateur photogrammatist Mathias Malner, he shared this model with us is that we kept it great because we're going to do this image projection technique and so the first image is coming up and there we have the image and we show the full image also with the black boundary of space and we do that black boundary because later on the comet will be outgassing and so we wanted to be able to see the tail beyond it but as images are taken so here we see the object is rotating and then the next picture when that comes in will be flashed onto the Comet Nucleus and so this image projection technique that we perfected for Pluto okay can you hear us Roland? hopefully okay so I'll just keep talking so here we see the image both okay great I'm just getting a message that you can hear me excellent okay so we're going to move along now we want to show several pictures and so we're going to move ahead in time it's constantly taking pictures however when we did this visualization in the spring of last year the only pictures that were made available were on their blog and since then many pictures have been released but at the time the mission was helpful to us in giving us the exact times that these images were taken and a combination of the observational geometry system which NASA calls SPICE and also the European Space Agency uses allows us to know where the spacecraft is and how the object it's observing is rotating and so that we can reconstruct with this image projection in real time in open space this whole scenario and so here we're now seeing the higher resolution images as we get closer and we're directed onto the model so we're seeing the images in three-dimensional context and we wanted to do this to show how engineering the engineering of the mission enables the gathering of the science all of this has to be very carefully planned in fact the triangular approach was done because they weren't sure of the mass of the comet nucleus and so now we see the effect of the they're in close enough to see the gravitational effect and so the triangle becomes an arc and then finally an orbit and so they came in close and doing the tracking of the spacecraft by radio signals back to Earth they could judge the mass so that they could then come in very close to release Philae the little lander that they dropped off which is coming up and as we come in we have better images in a minute here but now we can see they're in the closest approach this is where they dropped Philae so that it would be attracted dropping it essentially down onto the surface and of course it bounced about a kilometer in height and the scale of this comet nucleus is about is about 25 kilometers I believe it's a small object but still if we were to be floating next to it it would seem quite large these high resolution images if we come in close we can actually see sand dunes right there Alex you can point out those little parallel ridges and these are sand dunes actually created by the outgassing on a world that does not have an atmosphere because it's too small to have an atmosphere the ice is in the comet when they warm up from the sun they blow out and so whatever dust has settled there gets pushed around by the jets and so that's what we're seeing here so we're seeing this combination of the imagery when we get in close so I think basically that allows that's a quick tour of what we're doing with open space for mission visualization in this case open space is designed really to take on data that from simulations and observations that's very dynamic in such an environment like this we have a lot of dynamics going on we have the rotation of the object we have the trajectory of the spacecraft we have where the spacecraft is looking resulting images this is an open source project we've just received NASA funding over the next five years to really develop this and we're very excited about this because this allows us to bring this to the world and because it's an open source non-commercial project it allows us to then put this on top of different vendor systems including at the science center and so I'd like to just turn this over for Alex to talk a little bit about the code and so anyway, thank you yes, thank you Carter I'm not exactly sure who's in the audience and where who I should address that to but Roland he said in the beginning about what part of it part of the software is open source and so for that part I can say everything except the spice cones which we got with the permission of the science team we haven't yet to release everything else is on github so you can go on github.com forward slash open space and just get hold of all of the source code and I guess that's the easiest way to get it and also we hope that we can get a lot of contributions from all over the world and perfecting the software so it's always the more people work on it the better of course and like Carter said open source software we're making it available for many more venues than would be possible with commercial software so for example our goal is to include it in different classrooms or smaller venues which might not have the turnover of people that can afford the commercial surface softwares to run it on a regular basis so I don't know if there's the opportunity for any questions but that's what I prefer someone throws us off the stage questions I'll have to type them but questions anyone can hear you no no questions from anyone in the room oh you can hear me yes excellent not even from the machine vision people no there's been a dark room alright I might be a comment oh sorry hang on Mike I was just curious what was the most challenging part so implementation perspective the most challenging part for the projection or for the rendering itself the entire project I think is the question for the entire project I think the biggest trouble is dealing with precision errors and floating point numbers if you want to represent the whole universe floating point numbers are not really cutting it so you have to start dealing with smarter with how you deal with how you set up your scene draft and how you traverse those things we have sort of a working progress solution but we have currently one analysis working on them so for example at the moment what we can do is you can still see the screen right yes yes yes so if we start zooming out and we go way outside of the solar system as Carter said the stars are all in their relative correct positions so if we start zooming out we can see that what we are actually is really environment but that's about the limit of the floating point position that we can currently handle and I think from a pure technical point of view that's the most difficult part what's up what's the place that's dynamic range what's the smallest to largest dimensions that it represents at the moment it's we have P the models are actually the lowest one then we increase them by a factor of thousands so it's in single digit parameter and then out to I'm not sure what the stars are a couple of hundred light years maybe you also want to scale it down in universe right yeah that's the ultimate goal yes but for that we need a smarter way to deal with the floating point and that's that's going to come up I wanted to just give a shout out to a big part of open space development a number of students have been working at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center with a space weather modeling facility there that monitors the sun to actually for the very important prediction of where coronal mass ejection so solar flares are headed toward our billions of dollars of assets which are out across the solar system so many satellites now so looking at doing volumetric rendering interactively from the sun and the work to look at the process, astrophysical process of space weather can be applied to other astrophysical simulations perfecting those techniques which are really right at the edge of data visualization research with which Linshipping University in Sweden where Alex is getting his PhD is one of the pioneers in that field that now with the funding from open space we're also partnered with New York University and the University of Utah in the US with the scientific computing and imaging institute and so at this point this really is an international collaboration and our two new students from Linshipping that just arrived in New York can be working on glow browsing systems similar to Google Earth so we can zoom in on Earth, Moon, Mars and now Mercury so we have very good map so that we can continue this visualization adding in the scale graph technique to give us scaling across the universe we're also hoping to perfect that in this first year of the NASA funding funding us for the next five years alright well thank you I'm actually excited about it some other people will let us know but it's really cool thank you very much for joining us at this completely unsocial ally much appreciated we look forward to your next having an excuse to be in Singapore thank you very much