We are live live live live. This is the live broadcast of the this week in science podcast and This week it is a solo show not a sold-out show Be nice to have a sold-out show. You would make my twist Solo show sold out my doctor Kiki's science hour Of science fun. Oh, yes the one Mike show. Who am I talking to? I'm talking to you everybody and thank you for joining me. There may be edits This may be a shorter show than normal Maybe not the full 90 minutes even that we try to reach every single week But I am so glad to have you all here with me to talk about science this week So without any further ado, let me not change my camera or do anything because it's time to start the show Oh my goodness in a three to this is Twist this week in science episode number I Get back to that again. What number is this? It's so many. I don't even remember anymore. We're gonna start over again. Okay in three two This is Twist this week in science episode number 861 recorded on Wednesday February 2nd 2022 Why is one the loneliest number? Hey everyone, I'm dr. Kiki and tonight on the show. I will fill your head with Trojans guts and T cells but first disclaimer disclaimer disclaimer Like the ever-changing surface of the sea so goes human history It's strange. We search for stability when what is optimal is always shifting The wind blows and creates ripples across the sands of time yet humans search for a cave Where they will be protected from the elements where their dancing shadows will be forever etched against the walls We ache for safety security certainty and This week in science coming up next I've got the kind of mine that can't get enough. I want to learn everything new discoveries that happen every day of the week There's only one place to go to find the knowledge I seek Good science to you Welcome everyone to another episode of this week in science and yes, you may have noticed that it's only my voice so far I'm dr. Kiki and tonight I am the only host of this show Justin is taking care of a sleepless baby and Blair is really not feeling well So unfortunately it was a last minute Maneuver and I have no co-hosts but I'm here because We always try and bring you this week in science when we have said that we're going to bring you this week in science So thank you so much for joining us for another week of science discovery curiosity a little bit of uncertainty I hope and We will dig in to the science together on this week's show. I have science news I've brought to you stories about Trojan asteroids a stronger plastic Capybara guts alcoholic monkeys and our weird vision Yes, we have not weird visions, but we have weird vision Yes, our eyes and our brains and where they work is very odd and we will get to that toward the end of the show As we jump in tonight, I do want to remind you that if you have not yet subscribed to this week in science You can do so look for twist for this week in science on your favorite podcast platform We also stream weekly and are available on YouTube Facebook and Twitch You can find us as twist science TWIS CI ENCE on Twitch Twitter and Instagram, but if all these things are hard to remember just go to twist org. That's our website for more information Wow, it really seems like the front part of the show goes so much faster when I'm not talking to anybody else It's just me and you everyone. Are you ready? Are you ready for all of the science news? Okay, let's jump in to the stories that I brought this week This week we have news of a second Trojan asteroid Sharing Earth's orbit. That's right There are Trojan asteroids around many planets in our solar system and we've even sent Lucy a Craft where it's a mission that will be investigating the Trojans Trojan asteroids Trojan moons around Jupiter and We have our own which is pretty cool. This particular space rock exists at the L five Lagrange point. It's one of those kind of weird gravitational dwell points where everything's kind of balanced out and There's not as much push or pull going on And so within this L L five region there is 2020 XL five and 2020 XL five is about a kilometer and a half wide It's about it's over a kilometer wide and they've just reported Researchers out of the University of Barcelona and their colleagues, which is an international team, but the observations were made From an earth-based telescope that is located down They've looked at some used several earth-based telescopes actually in order to make the observations of this earth Trojan published Their confirmation in nature communications it's pretty exciting because it When you think of what a planet is you think of a planet as having completely cleared its orbit and now We have the moon, which is right near us and we can see it and it shares the orbit with it It is tracking with us. It's the moon is trapped in our gravity and is Basically, you know, even though it wants to pull away it's inching away and we will eventually lose the moon someday Not any time soon though. So if you have youngsters who are listening And you can ensure them that there's no no problems with the moon they'll be able to look up and see the moon for, you know, hundreds thousands of years to come and We take that for granted and then we consider there are asteroids, but we never really think oh, we've got other bodies Sharing our orbit and so these Trojan asteroids the first one having been discovered back in 2010 in the L4 Lagrange point and It it's just very exciting to know that we're not alone in our rockiness in our orbit This particular rock 2020 What is it 20? What would I call it? 2020 XL 5 it sounds like a car like it's going to be some kind of a model of a BMW or something this 2020 XL 5 It is going to be perturbed by other gravitational forces and eventually make its way Out of our orbit in about 4,000 years So perhaps perhaps we will be seeing it some day some day And I did want to bring another space storage is super quick because this is kind of my Trying to keep track of all those predictions that we made at the beginning of the year and our prediction show I Said that the SLS and the art of Artemis mission This might not make it this year. Well Artemis has officially been postponed again They haven't given it a launch date. They say they're looking at dates for April or May March or April May time to look at Launching Artemis one which relies on the SLS which isn't going to be tested until March itself So the fact that they have pushed it back haven't given it a particular launch date I think they're giving themselves wiggle room to continue to push that mission back. We'll see Will the massive SLS that space launch vehicle actually get Things into space will we go to the moon? Will NASA take us there? Yeah, we still have to find all that out But I don't know so far my prediction. I think is pretty it's Staying on track. So we're gonna keep track. I will keep track of that. You can maybe help me keep track of it during the year John Hogan I too would like to see a launch in person I have never seen a space launch in person the timing and the locations and distance from where I've been I've never made it very easy But it yeah with the number of space launches that we have now With regularity and those numbers are increasing now that the private commercial space industry has ramped up I think we're we're going to see many more launches and all of us will have more opportunities to Get ourselves. Maybe perhaps more opportunities to to see some of these massive Matt the the massive proof of our human technological ability Welcome everybody, okay, let's keep moving forward in the science Beyond our Trojan asteroids beyond the uncrewed Artemis mission Let's talk about fake photosynthesis. Well, not really photo fake photosynthesis. It's it's it's artificial leaves That's what we will talk about. We want to talk about carbon capture using artificial leaves researchers have developed a system in which they have Basically created they're using wet and dry chambers and They're using oxygen and hydrocarbons and pH to enable the transfer of or the isolation of carbon dioxide out of Regular air. So this could be the kind of thing that would be used in flue gases in industry or it could potentially be used it Just I'm imagining this as something that would be maybe a small size that you could Have in your home to capture carbon dioxide from your your own home may be powered by Solar cells. So you have solar power powering this this new artificial leaf system Which is very modular. They say it's about the size of a backpack and You could isolate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere within your home And it could be tapped into a seltzer fountain in your in your kitchen or in your You know in your wet bar Yeah, I know I have I have ideas and thoughts about about very silly things sometimes but These uh, these uiC College of engineering scientists they've pretty much distilled down this new method that Allows the cost of carbon capture to be significantly decreased materials. They're using which is a very basic Basic electrochemical membrane that allows the transfer of the molecules to get across from the dry side to the wet side across the electrodes Allows the Concentration of carbon dioxide to happen in such a way and in such efficiency that they're estimating. It would be about $145 per ton of carbon dioxide which at this point is about For most carbon capture technologies, they're looking at about 600 dollars And they say to be competitive and to really make this kind of technology carbon capture technology start to work Ideally we would be getting down under 200 dollars. That's what the united states government wants us to get for to get but um to really work on our atmosphere and drawing down carbon We need to get to a price point of about 50 to 60 50 to 60 dollars per metric ton of Of carbon dioxide being removed from the air, but this is a very simple Solution and they say it only for their backpack sized module It uses about the same amount of electricity as a light bulb So it's not incredibly energy intensive either. It just needs a bit of electrical charge to Charge the membrane that's in the middle of the of the unit so anyway Yeah carbon capture Basically, I mean, I'm really imagining these things perhaps maybe not on every house But this could be the kind of setup that would be on hotels or maybe you put them in hospitals or you know Yes in the flues In the in industrial applications where they capture those mixed gases that are coming out But are able to isolate the carbon dioxide And which is such one of the big problems that isolation is actually Being able to do efficient isolation in in an easy price effective way This is what we're looking for and this seems like a really great solution. So we will see where it will go And no jg. I am not telling you that you can turn wine into champagne but you can Turn wine into champagne if you have um, yeah, if you had carbon dioxide seltzer machine in your house White wine. I I don't I wouldn't recommend doing that with red wine. It might not taste as good But yes, yes, I've actually done that with a nice bottle of rosé yeah When lacking your rosé bubbly go straight to your soda fountain All right, let's move forward from this one bit of technology to another fun piece of technology that I thought was kind of neat this week researchers at mit have developed a new thin strong Plastic polymer. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, we need more plastic like I need a hole in my head Kind of it. It might be the thought that's coming into your head at this moment in time But this new polymer is made from monomers single units of melamine And you might know melamine from the those acrylic plates There are lots of little like lots of the hard acrylic dinnerware or cookware is melamine and Yes, it can be toxic if it is not treated correctly, but mit chemical engineers engineers have devised a way to get instead of polymers to create long String like polymers, which is what normally happens you have monomers and they attach like a chain and they create like a long String of spaghetti polymer and you kind of mush all those things together and the polymers can be can create All sorts of different forms, but they have not yet been able to create single sheets a two-dimensional sheet That's lightweight and strong has been something that Chemical engineers have been trying to develop for a very long time What ends up happening in most cases is that they start to grow the little sheet But then a little monomer pops up in one direction or another and then it blurbles out in the wrong direction destroying the integrity of a single two-dimensional sheet of polymer So now they have Devised this way. They've published in nature this week their methodology for creating this melamine two-dimensional Flat polymer sheet, which they say is as strong as steel, but incredibly lightweight So this could create new coatings for automobiles. This could create new shells for computers it could the applications for this kind of a moldable Polymer that's very strong And as long as it's not brittle like steel can be in some cases It can be incredibly useful. So they've got these sheets, but once again melamine It's toxic. So are we just adding more toxic stuff to the environment if you can't figure out what another thing and plastic Do do we really need more plastic? Can we start figuring out other things that are more sustainable yet? I mean It's not the 60s anymore anyone well two-dimensional jg and When I say two-dimensional, I I mean in a very flat sense where it's got an x and a y axis as opposed to XYZ axes where you would think of it being more of a cube or a sphere This is a single molecular layer That can spread out and be Like a flat sheet of paper which yes Yes, if you're really cutting hairs that fine splitting hairs um It is three-dimensional, but Yes, I yes, I yes, I will agree with you on that one Moving on from melamine polymers Let's talk about microbes Who out there loves microbes? Have we learned to love microbes yet? I do I do I do love microbes. I I We don't think of them as our friends all the time, but indeed indeed they are and they're everywhere in this world Some researchers just published their work looking into the microbial world to look for a particular Uh Yes, both love and hate love and hate microbes. Yes, actually you love some of them not all of them, but yes We don't like the little viruses that make us sick, but we love the phages that like to attack the bacteria that make us sick There's there's so many that we love we love the the bacteria that are in our yogurts that are in our pickles The things that give us the good food. No, let's not be mad at microbes Let's look at them as the wonderful wild world that they are Anyway, these researchers were looking for a particular capability that they found in a certain strain of bacteria that had been Easily grown in their laboratory that they had been looking at for a really long time And these bacteria that they had discovered were able to And this is a quote unquote breathe rocks And so what is what what I mean by breathe rocks? Well the microbes Can establish an electrical connection So they use what they call EET. This is not E. T. It's E. E. T. Extracellular electron transfer so across their cellular membrane The bacteria are able to transfer electrons and usually this has something to do with say A proton pump or some kind of pour in the membrane that allows things to pass one direction or another um, and so there's a trade-off of energy and electrons in this breathing this respiration they bring in electrons which power Their metabolism and so At initially they were just like wow. We've got these bacteria shawanella Onidensis One of the first EET capable organisms They looked at it in the lab. They had it in the lab for a long time and they were like Oh, nobody else is going to have this skill. This is super special this E. E. T.ness Delvin to the microbial world and really take a look around And oh, yeah It's everywhere and in fact microbes are sharing it with you cut with each other through Horizontal gene transfer, which is the trading of genes back and forth has nothing to do with reproduction They just go. It's like playing cards and they're like go fish. Okay. I'd like to take that one out of your pile And these genes get swapped between different bacterial species and so the they've found that across the bacterial environments different bacterial species uh are capable of extra cellular electron transfer EET this breathing of material in the environment and what they believe is that The the bacteria as they gain these genes They probably make adaptations so that they can specifically use EET in whichever environment they're in to take advantage of the resources that exist where they are so that they can live in The most efficient effective way possible, which is what we all want to do, right? I'm going to take advantage of what I've got here. Oh, I've got a new tool in my tool chest. Oh, yeah But I you know, I can adapt it a little bit and make it work Yeah, so the thing that comes from this though is when you think of The bacterial worlds and how bacteria Have existed for millennia longer than other life forms the more complex quote-unquote complex life forms such as humans mammals etc Microbes have covered the earth and we think of ourselves as amazing architects, but bacteria have Formed the earth as much even more so than we have bacteria have led to the oxygen that we breathe bacteria have Altered the surfaces of the planet throughout its evolution as long as life has been Living so our planet is a form and function of the life that is on it Which is really very very cool Okay, no more microbes are you ready for um capybaras the world's largest rodent We love capybaras. Don't we capybaras are so cute And just they're just these gentle grass eating rodents that are massive Seriously capybaras they some people have capybaras as pets other people think capybaras could be raised and Uh used as a food source um, you know, I'm I'm not of the eating cap capybara persuasion, but Capybaras How do they eat? How do they digest what they digest? Well Course researchers have been fascinated by the way that capybaras digest their food and oh How do they do it with the help of microbes just like us? That's right. Oh the microbes the microbes give the capybaras the ability to digest The grasses that they eat and so when we think about grass eating organisms normally we'll think about cows or deer The foregut fermenters. Maybe they have multiple stomachs. Maybe they have multiple chambers Maybe they uh, maybe they digest early in the intestinal area region Foregut fermenters are one kind of grass eater They have bacteria that allow them to break down the cellulose and the lignin and all of the food that they're eating Capybaras being rodents they do it differently and so they are what are called hindgut fermenters That's right. They ferment in their cecum That's that's their large intestine.  I think this week. Yeah, nature communications They're saying gut the their title is gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors Unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides and I just wanted to share with you a quote that I pulled from the paper because it The author of this paper Is A brilliant wordsmith Yes, the science gets across and it's done very well But the words and the way they're melded together their their poetry. So let me just read this to you here These findings highlight the potential of the capybara gut microbiome as a reservoir of uncharted enzymatic systems for carbohydrate processing And thereby expanding our current understanding of gut microbial strategies from hindgut fermenters To overcome the plant cell wall recalcitrance Which might be instrumental to foster the development of value-added products from lignocellulosic agro industrial materials I honestly love scientific writing When it's done so well using the exact words that are necessary to explain so what is this saying? In in the gut of the of the capybara, they have found microbes that have really cool enzymes that they haven't really considered before Which could potentially be used to help maybe with biogas development or other materials that come from industrial breakdown of plant material So from the capybara gut to the future Of our our sustainable energy program, perhaps I love capybaras fada. What have you done there? It's not capybara. It's a kukaburra, but I do appreciate it Capybara sits in the old gum tree, merry, merry king of the bushes. He laughs capybara. Let dance capybara Gay your life must be but it's a kukaburra. The capybara would just be sitting there chewing The grass Because they're so mellow and they just want to chew the grass. Oh these little capybaras So this was my Ode to Blair's animal corner Talking about the guts of the capybaras. Does it take guts? Do I need to show you a picture of a capybara?  They look like giant guinea pigs And they're very friendly and Maybe I will move To brazil and start a capybara farm that might be a nice way to Go into my old age Happily with a capybara farm Enzymes from the capybar gut. Oh my goodness Thank you for joining me for this episode of this week in science I'm so glad to be here talking with you about science and I'm glad that you decided to spend this hour with me If you enjoy it, please share it with a friend Okay, let's move on from capybaras to kovid What a transition Wow Okay, so Most everyone is aware of omicron The latest variant of kovid 19 SARS-CoV-2 virus at this point in time omicron has surprised Scientists by having a related sister called va2 the original omicron strand is called va1 Some researchers think however that the va2 strand Shouldn't necessarily be considered exactly the same as omicron because they found that they have differences One of the interesting differences that is concerning is the fact that va2 is more transmissible than va1 so va2 has been spreading rapidly in areas and possibly gaining dominance against omicron Now the original omicron va1 Has a lot of mutations that have allowed it to escape from vaccine Coverage so the vaccine efficacy efficacy has decreased three doses of the mRNA Vaccines have been recommended to this point in time to enable the antibodies that normally Battle do battle in your primary immune system Response to be able to fight off the infection Well, va1 Kind of gets around that a little bit. So we have a lot more breakthrough infections of va1 va2 however is Little bit more similar to the original delta strain So a lot of the mutations that are there in va1 that allow it to escape vaccines Are not there in va2 so va2 Gets hit by those antibodies a lot harder. So even though it's more transmissible It is getting captured and controlled by vaccines a lot more easily so What this means is more unvaccinated people are getting the va2 strain and spreading it to each other Whereas people who are vaccinated are more likely to be getting sick with the va1 version So all that said Antibodies are very important va1 is battling those antibodies and trying to avoid them va2 Less able to avoid the antibodies But a new study is out showing that T cells T cells if you've been vaccinated You have the coverage the that the the vaccines are allowing Coverage from alpha to omicron All of them the T cells recognize and respond to So at this point in time that does explain why there is less severe disease With omicron than there has been previously especially as more and more people have been infected through time So it's very exciting in that respect And then additionally there's been some recent work looking at predictors of long covet and a new study has been published in cell that reports a number of predictors for individuals who Who will potentially come down with long covet? And so it is great in one way because it's going to make it easier to predict long covet occurrence and potentially offset that long covet occurrence some of the the things that they've been looking at there is the reactivation of latent viruses during initial infection and The things that we're thinking what we're talking about in that respect are like epstein bar virus of viremia There's also At issues with people who have type 2 diabetes If there are high levels of SARS cov2 RNA antibodies if there's lots of levels of high levels of the virus and antibodies in the blood at the time of diagnosis that is also very likely to lead to To lead to long covet so there's more severe disease early on and I'm going to sneeze Wee that was exciting It's all me down here sneezing in my basement science science it makes me sneeze whoo-hoo other things that are Related are specific on auto antibodies that they can measure for so The detectability is important. It may lead to Like I said the understanding of the emergence of more chronic conditions after covet infection And maybe treatments before that does set in Uh jg you're saying you want to get more boosters well if you've only if you've had your normal shot You've got had one booster Unless you are immuno compromised It is not recommended that you get another booster shot that isn't recommended at this point in time They probably will be releasing that kind of thing in about six to 12 months Oh chi just lost another tooth everybody. Yeah, I've lost 14th in the past year whoo-hoo That's science. That is the most gruesome human biology It's gruesome Yeah, okay, did you pull it out? Congratulations tooth fairies coming tonight Uh-oh seriously teeth Are gruesome like they're like Like they push out Honestly, it is To me one of I love it I love it But it is one of the most gruesome Processes that we have in our development as human beings. That's right. Take that teeth. Woo-hoo. He's getting into the adult teeth here It's very exciting My baby's growing up. Oh my goodness Oh, my goodness Uh beach. Yes your comment the whole thing about the virus is it is adept at evading our immune systems from the very beginning And that's true. It's also, uh, the way that the actual cellular infection happens there are a couple of mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 accesses the cells and the difference between the alpha through delta Which affect the lungs a lot more and why we have had much more respiratory Symptoms and disease from SARS-CoV from those variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection Then omicron is that omicron actually, uh, it The way that infects the cells might make it less able to cause the disease in the lungs And so that's why we're seeing more sinus and throat kind of uh, kind of symptoms coming through But Yes, oh Covid their Researchers are learning. Um, and like I said last week, we don't know Where it's going to end. We don't know what is going to happen in the long run um As we shift from the pandemic to endemic But remember that diseases like malaria are considered endemic in other areas of the world So endemicity does not mean not dangerous And that is something that we just do need to consider as we look forward Into the future of living with covid Right jg no one cheers when we lose teeth anymore So can I go back to the dentist and put this back in again? um an additional note that I thought was Um Oh, I totally lost that train of thought.  It totally happens and So that was a thought that went away Yeah, kevin I think many of us have forgotten what normal was and in fact, um, it's good To not go back to normal because Normal is what got us this pandemic and if we go back to normal It's very likely that it will lead to more pandemics that are are Hopefully, you know would likely be as devastating as this one has been maybe even more So can we move forward to a new normal in which we live sustainably and are able to Develop a public health system that works in a way to prevent future pandemics from affecting us as much I mean, that's what you hope. Can we learn from our mistakes? How humans learning is good learning. We like the learnings. Yes Oh my oh my This is this week in science. Thank you so much for joining me for this episode if you Enjoy the show every week. Maybe consider supporting us as a patron donor Uh patreon donor if you head over to twist org you can click on the patreon link And that takes you to our little community over on patreon Where you can choose your level of support ten dollars and more will get you thanked By name at the end of the show. We have lots of other thank yous and there are gifts that are sent out by patreon periodically We do hope that The gift of twist is enough for you though. Thank you for your support. We really can't do this without you all right, I only have a few more stories here and um as I sit here and Drink my water I'm not thinking about a glass of wine After this show is over. I'm not thinking about a beer or whiskey one whiskey Wait, how does that I'm that song I lost it A whiskey uh something in a beer I've totally lost it anyway Researchers I've been trying to figure out how to get people To drink less alcohol Especially people who have problems with alcoholism. How do you reduce? The cravings. How do you reduce alcohol consumption? And of course they've done many many experiments in mice But what can we do in people? That's the fun one right? Well, they still haven't Done anything in people along these lines monkeys monkeys will definitely do the trick. Let's use monkeys so researchers published just yesterday in cell metabolism their study looking at vervet monkeys that Had a strong preference for ethanol that little alcoholic monkeys. There we go um and research had suggested for years that a particular hormone related to Fibroblast growth factor it's um and there's a particular factor that's produced by the liver There's a number of them that are produced but this one particular growth factor Fibroblast growth factor 21 fgf 21 specifically has been implicated in control of metabolism control of Of weight gain weight loss muscle wasting or atrophy and also craving for protein in your diet or avoidance of sugars and So this is over the years been a very It's been a hormone of interest and they know that it affects the brain. They know it affects the dopaminergic system They know it affects the nucleus accumbens, which is part of the brain that's in the reward pathway involved in sugar cravings and all that kind of stuff And so these researchers were like, okay We know that we have some of these pathways in the mice We have done this work and we know that if we give them fgf 21 It reduces alcohol cravings in mice This is it going to work the same in the monkeys? Because you know it works in monkeys. It's much more likely to work in people So they gave these vervet monkeys fgf 21 and The monkeys consumed 50 less alcohol They reduced their alcohol intake intake Now what I want to know that they did not look at they didn't look at any other dietary factors, but since fgf 21 mediated suppression of sugar intake usually happens with an increase in intake of protein I wonder if like these monkeys were like, I'll have the steak and eggs breakfast, please please I don't know if that's what they were if they wanted to increase their protein intake at all But this is a hormone a factor that is produced by your liver Naturally, if you are not eating enough protein Fgf 21 gets produced by the liver and the liver goes dudes.  Um, it's also and there's some interesting relationships They've found with between like ketogenic diets and fasting and so it is very Dietarily related, but in this particular case, they were able to show that it triggered suppressive neural circuits within the brain That led to suppression of activity in the nucleus accumbens. So suppression of that reward pathway And so fgf 21 Potentially is Is something that can be used to reduce alcohol alcohol intake in people who would like to Reduce their cravings a bit But we haven't done any work in people Unless we want to consider our monkey ourselves monkeys. We're not monkeys. We're not monkeys at all Are related but there needs to be more research before you start go you start looking for those fgf 21 supplements And I already did a search and there aren't any really you can buy like lab grade fgf 21. So Just don't even go looking Um Gaurav Sharma hamsters Some hamsters have a high alcohol capacity probably genetically determined and depending on their livers main livers are the organs that help to clean the blood and to Detoxify with the alcohol dehydrogenase and all that other stuff that the good stuff that goes on in the liver to to clean up your blood and Um, I'm I'm guessing that they probably have a similar system involving fgf 21 because this is a very conserved hormonal system involved in Dietary intake and it's not necessarily alcohol intake, but we do know that animals throughout history if they we became Introduced to alcohol With fermenting fruits probably somewhere way back in our family history our evolutionary history. So Where we came from Where did we come from we were eating little berries on the trees and some of the little berries were fermented and suddenly oh We're drinking alcohol sugars as opposed to just eating sugar and our body had to deal with some of that but it It probably is linked in a similar pathway to control it Yeah, and jg. Yeah, I mean fgf 21 or less impending doom That would work as well Oh my goodness. Oh, okay, let's move move move move from fgf 21 Suppressing. Oh, I had a whole picture as well. I keep I keep forgetting It's me by myself. And so I keep forgetting to To show off pretty pictures that we've got. Oh, that's a very tiny picture right there. There we go Let's make him bigger there. You can see the liver and the fgf 21 and the mice and the monkeys having beverages Because somebody thought that would be funny Enjoy the wine. Yes Yes, but anyway It's pretty interesting that we have these hormonal pathways from our liver to our brain That control what we want to put in our bodies Right, so that's a very fascinating process. It's all connected in there deeply Okay, moving on two more stories two more stories. We don't want to talk about balanced diets I want to talk about a mash-up of our vision Oh, yeah, so this story I think is super fun and what I enjoy about it is the research that The that the scientists have embarked on So these scientists Let's see if I can get my video up here Work in the way. I have to open up a different window So that I don't show you all the advertisements. I don't want to show you advertisements I would have had more time to set this up if I had co-hosts. So this is hopefully a part Of the podcast that gets cut out Okay, here we go. We're going to look at this wonderful video visual instability here Researchers who have Just published their work Are interested in how our brain gives us visual stability so You know we move around and if you've ever tried to like take a video with your phone as you're walking and moving Really quickly you Can see the the way that things blur past and your camera Potentially has a hard time keeping up with the images that move past you as you move How does our brain stabilize? perception Within our visual field so These researchers in this particular video they're giving an example of How our visual field moves around if you're looking through say a little tiny hole And trying to track your world through a little tiny straw. You're going to just be getting snapshots and very incoherent In stable Represente unstable representations of the world around you as opposed to the much larger This is now sending me it. Oh, I'm learning about object oriented programming in python No, we're not going to do that right now. We're going to do something else. Um and so What they did is what what they tested they gave uh, they gave volunteers videos of time tracking the aging of an individual so One side of the screen showed an individual aging over time and the other side showed the individual just staying the same age So they through artificial intelligence artificially aged a person over time and when they asked people to let them know how old The person on the left side of the visual field was uh, everybody Estimated the age as the age not where the video ended But at a point prior to the end of the video And so what they're hypothesizing is that our brain is pretty much procrastinating in how it tracks the world And that our perception of the world is actually about 15 seconds behind what's actually going on and it's a mashup That our brain has pretty much taken like all these bits and pieces and mostly it liked the first Instance the first perspective it got and it's like oh, that's great. We're going to keep an eye on that and so this is why it's so easy for Something to change in your visual field and you didn't miss it entirely why um, why we are why we succumb to visual tricks so often is that our brain is like no, we're just gonna I like all these things and we're gonna we're gonna dither So if you're if you understand the idea of digital dithering That is what our brain is doing.  Why do I have to pay attention? And so it doesn't And it gets lazy and it just goes okay, we're gonna cut and we're gonna put it together here We're gonna mash that together. That's the same.  Why is my brain not on it? Why is your brain not on it? well because Our brains like to conserve energy any way they can Let me see if I can find uh, this video for you of the faces So that those of you who are watching the video right now Will be able to kind of track this yourself. Let me know what you think of it. Um people on the podcast this won't really Won't really make sense for Let me get this Move that over and I'll put this over here. There we go.  They're the same age. Okay How old is the person on the left?  Keep watching it Keep watching the face It's watching you. Are you watching it? watch the face How old is the person? How old is the person? How old is the person? Do you know?  Okay general gestalt. That's good And our perception likes to stabilize our chaos By biasing towards the past and what it knows to be more true or more reliable It's pretty fun, right?  Let me see from this story Did they report it in the story? I think it was they just they just uh reported it being a number of years older, but I think it was probably like Like seven or six or seven and then probably Like under 20. It's not not old at all in the uh In the video It's very young very young all right my last story for the night Is one that's kind of close to my heart because I mean I like I want to age gracefully as hopefully many of us would like to try to do and As you get older and oh for those of you who are young and watching this Oh, yeah, you've probably noticed the people who are people who are older in your life Complaining about aches and pains a little bit more as they get older.  Ow Grote you wake up in the morning and you're growing a little bit more at the pain Wake up with random pains. You didn't have when you went to sleep the night before Researchers from the University of Portsmouth have uh have done a study in which they examined 5800 people age 50 or more And they looked at them over 10 years And over the 10 years they wanted to determine How many of them you know deteriorated in their physical state? How many started complaining more of pain? How many had chronic pain? How many were dealing with it and what were the differences what potentially made the difference in people who suffered from musculoskeletal pain as They aged at the end of the 10-year period And what they found is that the people who worked out really hard are the ones Who had the least aches and pains at the end of the 10-year period So they examined the experience of chronic pain alongside gender bmi age and wealth over this 10-year period And it's high levels of physical activity that appeared to lower the risk of that musculoskeletal pain developing um risk factors definitely and You know, we've talked about social factors that are involved in this kind of thing uh In the past being poor being female being overweight or obese All independently are risk factors for suffering for musculoskeletal pain according to their study and we probably could have told her that They uh, but they they think from their study that their findings suggest If people want to avoid chronic pain Yeah, become wealthy Don't be female. No, these are not the things that um that that they're suggesting but it's not even just moderate exercise and we talk about Exercise levels, you know, oh, it's just going for a walk or yeah You're exercising when you're vacuuming the house or doing dishes.  You're not just sitting down, right? No, moderate exercises like light dancing walking stretching gardening these kinds of things were not even able to Keep the pain away. It was high energy vigorous physical activity that led to the differences um Yeah, so So the idea is that um, it's not even just uh mild exercise. It is uh, it's It's heavier exercise that you have to do Um intense exercise To avoid the pain so if you want to avoid the pain Go running play tennis Tackle football wait. No, maybe not the tackle football Soccer do the headers. Ah, maybe not that. Um, I don't know But more intense Probably not so intense that you are injuring yourself But more intense exercise is probably better and I'll say from my own Uh experiences with back pain that The more I actually do workout and do exercises that support My musculoskeletal system um The better it makes me feel and the less pain aside from The workout pain I have I wake up with fewer aches and pains Ah Yeah, oh, yes, we have uh dark humor. I have dark humor as well dark humor everyone And yes, yes, ashley. You'll be golden as you age Yeah pain from minor injuries not from sedentary lifestyle Oh my goodness I made it I did it. I went to came to the end of the show With all of you and you stuck with me and I really appreciate you being here for the science this week And um, I want to thank all of you for enjoying the science bringing your commentary being a part of The twist family. Thank you for joining me once again and for Everyone out there. I guess it's time for me to say good night. Maybe I'll do a little bit of an after show With uh and talk with you all in the chat room About things about little things we missed flair and justin this week but They hopefully will be back next week Justin I'm guessing he's not going to be back right away because he has a newborn child. So we're not Promising on that one. We'll see. I'm gonna I'll have I need backup plans for my backup plans moving forward I hope you all enjoyed the show Shoutouts to fada. Thank you for your help with social media and show notes gourd. Thank you for manning the chat room Identity four. Thanks for recording the show this week. Rachel. Thank you for your editing and your assistance And I would also really really like to thank our patreon sponsors Who I need to put in the proper place because this is always what I do at the end of the show is not have Everything located in the right place for actually showing the list Here it is. Whoo. 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So i'm setting up shop got my banner unfurled It says the scientist is in i'm gonna sell my advice Show them how to stop the robots with a simple device I'll reverse all the warming with a wave of my hand and all it'll cost you is a couple of grand This week science is coming your way So everybody listen to what I say I use the scientific method for all that it's worth and i'll broadcast my opinion all over the air Because it's this week in science This week in science This week in science This week in science This week in science I've got one disclaimer and it shouldn't be news That what I say may not represent your views, but I've done the calculations and I've got a plan Oh Yeah, I've been writing a newsletter This is the after show. Thank you all so much for sticking with me for the show Never mispronounced a name I try to ruin I I do try If I can get all of the words out, um, okay Good night, Kira. I hope you have a lovely night after enjoying your wine Um, where is that link? I'll get you my link To my thing. Uh, what's this just saw this Rising temperatures were causing some plants to flower almost a month earlier Yeah, we've been recognizing stuff like this for a long time and it's been shifting First it was a week and then it was two weeks and now it's a month And that kind of a shift can be really dangerous Not just because the plants are blooming earlier.  Why is that a big deal? Um When it happens there becomes a potential disconnect between the pollinators and the flowers and the animals that all live in the ecosystem together and so You have the potential for the ecosystem to fracture and Because of that fracturing the time dependency um being limited, uh You you end up having uh problems With populations able to maintain themselves. You have animals who can't find food. You have like everything Falls apart Your avocado tree started blooming this week. You're up in seattle That is weird That's weird Paul that is whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Wee. Wow. Wow. Wow Ah Yeah, and I mean normally in a normal shift You see the plants moving slowly and the animals and the insects and everything tries to keep track as everything moves Slowly together as opposed to Things are no sun changed. It's sunnier. It's warmer. I got a flower and that's not going to work anymore Okay, I'm looking for my newsletter link That's not it because I'm not spelling it correctly Nope, because I can't type I can type Oh, you don't want to do it Here, maybe I'll look over there. I have to sneeze again See you fata. Thank you Indoor avocado. Okay. I can I can get that I can understand that So let's see. Not episode issue four. How do I get this? To share with others Here for peoples to subscribe. Yes Okay, here we go Well, I'm just gonna copy the whole thing even though I know most of it is just tracking There's a link. Okay Get review. Yes. So I'm using get review for my newsletter And I have done I'm trying to do it's my new I will write practice because if I create a writing practice Then perhaps chance perhaps I will be a writer Write something worthwhile Yes, so I'm trying to publish this newsletter weekly and So far I've talked a bit about Misinformation and trust in science. I share science stories that I don't necessarily share here on the show and I have like Sometimes I think this last newsletter I put in a recipe that I made up And I also include movies that I'm watching and yeah and thoughts on movies Rick Loveman wanting to know what streaming software I use Are you asking me? I use It's a platform called StreamYard and it is browser based entirely so Everything that's done is through the browser. I have no hardware other than my Audio videos just mixers that are here Um Yes, so that's what I do and StreamYard allows us to connect to youtube and facebook and if I paid more money I could add you know other things so we do our youtube and facebook and twitch through here um Yeah I like the stream yard. This is good This is very good and it seems to be it's been bought by um They were recently bought by a an event online event company that I'm blanking on right now But the guys who built it are still in charge of it and it's They're just really they seem really nice and I don't know. It's a good company so far. I'm still happy Everything's good on my end over here And just like the avocado tree I have no idea what month it is either. How is it February? How is that even possible everybody? When did that happen? How do we get how did we get here? Ha my brain cpu needs a nut upgrade to shoe brew. I'm going back through some discord comments there Well Unless we have more science to discuss um You are oh who wanted to do somebody it asked about I think it was Eric nap whether Blair had a cold She actually has TMJ. She was diagnosed with TMJ and apparently, uh, it's induced from Uh holding her jaw in an odd way, uh during uh while wearing a mask all day long So Yes, gourd still February 2020 That's exactly it Oh whoo 2020 it's gonna be great when we finally hit 2021 And I haven't aged the last two years. Hello Yeah, but Blair has TMJ and uh, she initially texted me but I missed her text And so she had to call me and I felt bad afterwards because she's like I can't do the show because my jaw hurts so much And I can't talk and I don't know if I can spend 90 minutes Doing the thing that makes me hurt so fingers crossed that she'll have gotten the inflammation down by next week and Be getting things under control Uh TMJ. Yes It see the the actual let's look the oops. Okay. Let's look up TMJ and how it This is a learning moment everyone TMJ Yeah, temporal mandibular joint dysfunction Okay, I want that to open come on I want to see that picture And it's interesting because I was complaining about my jaw popping the other day and I've been wondering if mask wearing could actually impact this And apparently because you hold your jaw differently for whatever reason while the mask is on it can Uh, it can impact your jaw and inflammation And uh, let's look at this one the Mayo Clinic. I trust the Mayo Clinic for its images. Let's open that up share share share TMJ disorders Da da da Yeah, we're looking at uh this joint Here where your lower jaw fits into your upper jaw And you have the cartilage in there and then you have the muscle and so the nerves in that Joint can become very inflamed um And the cushion the cartilage can actually get worn down Over time which can cause like a permanent dysfunction, which it can be no fun But it's yeah, all the stuff that's involved in jaw movement and you know As you're talking like this all the time you get imagine that I went hard to I'll tell it all that And so she took tonight off But it was the last minute Oh, that's great. Your dentist always checks from it. That's cool Um other symptoms from mask wearing. I know people also, uh If you're wearing a mask all day long if you're not cleaning your masks People can get skin uh Have skin problems.  That's great for bacterial Growth and pH change and all that kind of stuff. So, you know Yes, jg. I think your comment there is great switching up between different types of masks switching between different masks Trying to switch if you're wearing your mask for eight hours a day Consider changing it a couple times a day if you can I mean there's all sorts of Yeah, all sorts of things but um Yeah, a c-pap full mask could cause that too probably for sure yep but uh, yeah, it can be tmj can be debilitating it can lead to migraine headaches because of the inflammation of the nerves you can also It can aggravate or cause tinnitus tinnitus, which is the ringing in your ears Because those those nerves are right next to your ear. So it can you know, there are lots of things pain and Pain in your head is one of those things that is very hard to ignore Sometimes you can be like, oh my knee hurts. I can ignore that. But when you're you it's in your head toothache jaw achetic like Yeah, no, I hope Blair went to bed and got is getting a good night's sleep. I hope that's what's going on Yeah, cool savage shield. I haven't seen that one. Yeah, I mean there are all sorts of designs.  So you had it about 15 years ago. Yeah, it can really really it can really hurt So I understand why Blair asked to take the night off um And she asked she said are you gonna do the show and I it was like six o'clock at night when she called and I was like Yes Show must go on the show must go on I don't know. I might have been able to if I'd really scrambled Been able to find a co-host somebody to banter with but you know It was okay. It was all right just to be here with you tonight Not as fun as the banter as normal, which I know that's a lot of what you all enjoy so much Yeah, so Gaurav. Yeah questions about um annual shots Or uh, you know, it's it's what people perceive as risk, right? What do they think their risk is going to be For getting the flu even here in the united states. We have a very low annual Flu up flu shot uptake so in the united states We really don't have the kind of flu vaccine coverage that we wish we did and because of that There's a very low flu shot effectiveness over time um But because it changes every year and we've had a bit of you know People maybe have had it in their life and so they have the t-cell response in addition to b-cells You know that works, but yeah, it's a big question gaurav What are people going to do? here in the us or elsewhere Are we are are they gonna get this shot over here? I don't know. I have no idea I have no idea Oh, thanks, Eric my one band my my one kiki band Oh, yeah, rick loveman. Yes, I I've seen some of these olympic village stories And I totally forgot to mention during the show that yes, the winter olympics are ongoing in beijing right now And that's super fun. I can't wait to be able to actually sit down And take some time to watch some of the olympic events. I do love um curling Sweep sweep the ice Prepare the path sweep the ice What's the other one? Um the luge. Yes the luge That's that's a good one There's a winter sports are so much fun. So I can't wait to watch some you know figure skating and other things and see what happens even though it is Completely an abnormal year, but at least it's happening Yeah And they've had the uh quarantine people have had to quarantine for two weeks or so before Actually getting in to uh compete There's there's a lot going on. It's very neat. I want to I want to check out some of the tech features that they're working on That's a really interesting point There's a lot there's so much we could do so much everyone can do The olympics I don't know once upon a time It was like the olympics and I was so excited about them and it was bringing the world together and You know and then then you realize it's like oh, well there's all these politics around it and I'm just gonna go back to my science Let's just just go back to the science But now the science is like the politics and it's all the everything. Yeah, you can't get away from it people or people Oh, canadian scotties women's curling tournament going on now Well, how can I keep people from that? Why would I do such a thing? Oh gaurav, you're right I can kind of get around the politics for your vision because It's your vision and it's so excited I love your vision and the fact that it's coming I can start getting excited about all the pre contests and all the Contestants and the songs that are gonna come for this year. So oh you all are gonna hear about your vision The next couple of months Little bits and bobs everywhere. Yeah Yeah, kira. I'm looking forward to all the olympic events so much. I think it's just gonna be it'll be great. Like, yeah You know we need I I don't know we need these These things that we do these competitions these moments of humanity um And if you need something just you know in addition to The olympics that are going on I cool runnings is always just a fantastic movie to watch Just it's a great movie Bobsled To makin bobsled team so good. I yeah highly recommend cool runnings If you haven't seen it Or if you haven't seen it in a very long time Oh, they already had all the curling Kevin perichan says that there's women women's curling going on right now Get into it Yep, can't get away from the politics. You just didn't yep philosophy politics. It's all all about it Beach that yeah, the movie is so great too. Like it's really really good. It's just it's got a lot of heart Just like that team Yeah Okay, they really did earn that privilege for sure And the fact that that's a true story is It even makes it even more It's just it's not just a hollywood movie. It's like this is it and yes, it's dramatization and storytelling but But still it's a true story and it's really amazing That's Humanity that's people. That's what we can do. So, you know to find those moments where we're reminded about Who we all are on this planet, right? We can do this Let's make it forward together everyone Oh my goodness rick loveman from kitchen to table visitors to the olympic village are served entirely by catering robots Which flip burgers drop food right onto athletes tables and even do deliveries I love robots. That's awesome. Just don't look them in the eyes Don't look the robots in the eyes. It slows down your response time so Just note for the future when when you need that information Yeah, based star a true story Yeah, I would imagine no group dining. Yeah, that sounds like the kind of precaution that would make sense for the olympic village Fingers crossed that they get through it with very relatively few infections I mean Beijing has been so careful, but at the same time Mlaw this is omicron. It's kind of crazy, but It is what it is It is what it is Kevin that's right. We don't need athletes. We just watch robo olympics. That's great That's right. Well, my friend Dave used to run the robot olympics robo games And that was pretty fun They'd had had all the robot fighting and they'd have robot soccer and they had robot firefighters who had to go down obstacle courses and blow out a candle and So much fun. It was so much fun We need more of that in our lives And then I know somebody else who is involved in running the us drone soccer Yeah, that's a new thing and I think it might be navy sponsored But this is like a crazy Thing I hadn't even really considered before this drone soccer where they're taking these little drones and they have They're doing such cool stuff. Wait, why is that doing? Yes, there we go. There's my window I don't want to launch the trailer on youtube. We could be first in line to join the newest esport These games drone soccer in colorado Exciting let's fast forward Oh People have beards and microphones That's exciting.  Can you see those? Is that too small? The robot dogs from boston dynamics are so cool, kira and yes Rick Loveman, it is the year of the tiger and it is specifically the wood tiger. I think And yes, the puppy bowl is coming up. That's true.   But that's pretty fun Some of the new esports are incredible US drone soccer newest e-league Exciting I know little drones live in their quidditch dreams. It's true.  I think we need more fun thing puppy bowl and kitten bowl Yes, there's a kitten bowl people started doing a kitten bowl opposite the puppy bowl because of course we have to We have to get kittens adopted as well. You gotta get the puppies adopted You have to get the kittens adopted. There's a lot of animals out there who need Loving homes They do it's true And there are a lot of young kids who need their little drones for playing soccer I'm a tiger. I'm a year of the tiger. I'm a leo Born in the year of the tiger I'm also a scientist So I don't know what any of this means for me personally This year is supposed to be as a year of the tiger the tiger There's also water involved in the wood in the water and they're supposed to be growth So this is this year is supposed to be hard but full of growth for me personally I don't know. I like to have growth every year status quo is kind of boring, right? Yep I'm gonna try new things Let's do new things everyone. Yes Cats and dogs living together Puppy bowl and the kitten bowl Yes Okay friends This is very enjoyable hanging out with you all right now But I'm gonna go to bed. I'm gonna take my puppy kitty Puppy and kitten thoughts. I'm gonna go find my cat. Actually. I don't know where Cappy is. She's somewhere She looked at me Accusingly when I came downstairs earlier because I was not going To bed and I think she was very upset That I was not going to bed and she sat at the top of the stairs and just looked at me with her little cat face so I need to go I need to go take care of my my kitten cat pee. All right everybody Thank you so much for joining me for this episode. I apologize that my co-hosts were not here tonight But the show did go on. Thank you for joining. I hope you enjoyed the science and my one man one kiki show banter And hopefully we'll get Blair back again next week and I do have some guests. I'm trying to line up So hopefully we'll get some guest interactions here in the next few weeks as well. Thank you. Thank you Have a wonderful night.  We'll see you next week Bye


Many software, social media, and digital app development companies turn to New Zealand to test and improve their products and services. The reason? The Oceanian country is considered isolated enough to avoid leaks, with the benefit that the population speaks English and has tastes and economic power similar to Westerners. This allows bugs to be discovered and fixed before released, including supporting testing for a large number of users. Microsoft, Facebook, and Yahoo have already tested their new services in the New Zealand market. And now you know!


People with certain forms of early onset Parkinson's disease may benefit from boosting the amount of niacin in their diet. That's the upshot of a new study from the MRC toxicology unit at the University of Leicester, which studied fruit flies with a mutation that mimics the human disease. Niacin, or vitamin B3, is found in a variety of foods, including nuts and meat. The results reveal a mechanism for how this particular type of Parkinson's affects the brain and point to other drugs that may also help this subset of patients. Parkinson's disease occurs when dopaminergic neurons in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra are lost. This can happen for a variety of reasons, but in some hereditary cases the main problem is unhealthy mitochondria, the organelles that power the cell. Mutations in genes such as pink 1 prevent cells from clearing out defective powerhouses.  The faulty mitochondria also release toxic molecules that damage their genes. Curiously enough, there's a compound in the body that's important for both energy generation and DNA repair. It's called NAD. With all the mitochondrial damage going on, perhaps in Parkinson's the molecule ends up in short supply. To find out, the team fed fruit flies with mutated pink 1 genes foods supplemented with niacin, which is made into NAD inside the body. With this extra source of NAD, the flies had far fewer defective mitochondria than their mutant peers on a regular diet. The vitamin also prevented the flies from losing neurons. The neuroscientists then asked whether stopping DNA repair from depleting NAD would protect the Parkinson's flies. The answer was yes. Genetically switching this function off kept mitochondria healthy and neurons alive, and it improved the fly's strength, mobility, and lifespan. The results suggest that in familial Parkinson's, available NAD is critical for keeping mitochondria in shape and the disease at bay. Drugs that block NAD consuming DNA repair already exist to treat cancer, loading up on niacin probably can't hurt either. While neither of these would be cures, they would expand treatment options for Parkinson's patients with faulty mitochondria.


Welcome back to the channel today. I want to talk about how to grow your business in the next seven days so this pretty much involves you reaching out to your clients and providing them with Surveys that they can fill out and you can get feedback and implement Areas of improvement that need improving in your business, right now. This is something That we teach coaches within our sports accelerator program to do and I wanted to come on here and show you three ways that you can do it In order to grow and scale your business in the next seven days Okay, so if you have one client if you have five clients if you have a hundred clients Right, these three things I'm about to share with you will will be beneficial to you and your business because you'll be able to Implement them get feedback from your clients and hopefully make adjustments within your business That will be able to generate more revenue and improve your level of service to the customer So the first one is we want to create these surveys Okay, which have different questions So when you create a survey on on those questions can be what is the most important part of the program that you've enjoyed How can we improve our service at what? Would you like to see in the program right now? These are all things that we can specifically help you and the coaches within our sports accelerator program Have access to this information So if you want to learn more about our Accelerator program right getting contact with me two ways to do that visit the description in this video And I'll be more than happy to jump over a call see if you're a good fit to join our program So the first one is you can either email or you can text parents now This is a really common one and this is what most coaches do right once they've created their survey What they do is they just email parents The survey and just sit back and wait For a response now what we teach our coaches to do is we want them to be a bit more proactive in the sense that once you've emailed the parent or the client With the survey what we want to do is then we want to text each client individually and Let them know that we have sent them the survey To make sure that they check their inbox that they have received it and if possible could they fill it out and Send it back to you within 24 to 48 hours okay, now if you text parents individually the chances are they will take action and they will Fill out the form So that you will be able to gain more feedback and Implement changes into your business right second way to do this is you can create or you can schedule a Group call with all the parents within your program Okay, so if you have up to a hundred or a hundred and fifty fifty clients that you're working with on a week weekly basis you can send out a text message or an email to them to say right we are having a Company meeting right for all the customers for all our parents within the program This is the set they set time that it's going to happen Okay, now what this happens is the parents get on this zoom call and You can break down the survey and show them how to fill it out They're in there. Okay now Great thing about zoom and this is why I like Our company loves to use zoom and personally I really like zoom as well that you can record that call and Then you can edit the call to make it shorter and then you can send it to any parent who Hasn't or couldn't attend that zoom meeting Okay, so You've got all your all your clients all your parents on that zoom call You might have a hundred or hundred fifty parents that are live on that zoom call Okay, you you break you share your screen you break the the survey down for them step by step What each question means how to fill it out and then what you do is once you get off the call you send them the recording and you send them the survey and What you can do is as a thank you To fill in out the form that you can give them some sort of bonus To your program. Okay, this might be a discount of the next month's training or Any other type of bonus that you would like to provide them. This could be extra feedback During a training session. Okay, anything that you can think of that that will provide more value to them and And an ins and incentivize them to to complete a survey Because we want that survey back so we can get feedback from parents so that we can improve our service and grow our company and business Okay, so that's the second way have a group zoom call So that you can share your screen go through the survey Step-by-step with the parents over the call and then after the call you email each parent individually with the form and the zoom call So and on that you can provide extra value to say right if you complete the form within 24 hours We will give you this this and this okay That's just a little way to incentivize the customer to complete the survey right Haven't been in this industry for a very long time. I know that a lot of parents are very busy So if it's long if it's complicated then parents won't fill out the survey Which will ultimately hurt you because you want that feedback and you want to know what you can do to improve your business Right now the third way you can do it is you can have a quick two to three minute call with each customer Okay, now on this call you basically Text them first to say right. Hi, Mrs. Jones. This is Leo from XXX Academy I'm just texting you to let you know that on Next Monday. I'm gonna just I'm gonna give you a quick Two to three minute call to talk about a survey that I'm about to send out to you Okay, so once the parent responds to say yet that time that day is fine you can jump on that call with them and You can break down over up the call. What is The point of the survey right why why that survey is going to help our program Why we want that survey and how the by filling out that survey It's gonna improve our service which is ultimately gonna benefit your child in the long term. Okay, so the three ways to to send a survey out so that you can grow your business in the next seven days and improve your service is number one you can email and text parents So complete the survey send it via email and then text parents individually to say right we have sent out the email Sorry, we have sent out the survey to your email. Please check your inbox and fill it out within the next 20 24 or 48 hours. The second one is you can schedule a group a zoom call Where all the parents jump on a zoom call you share the screen you share your survey and you break it down step by step How to complete the form Now what you do is after the after you've completed it then you email the parents Individually with not only just the survey form But the recording so that they they can go back and watch how how to fill it out Okay, and how to get that completed or the third one is you pretty much just text and call the parent Right, you text them to say mrs. Jones. I'm gonna give you a quick two-to-three-minute call on this day this time Okay, this call is Just to give you some information about a survey that we're about to send out to you Okay, and we would really appreciate it if we can jump on this call and I can break down the importance of The survey and why it's gonna help Not only that our program but it's also gonna help your child to improve and get better Okay, so if you need more help with this Okay, we can get I this is something if you do Once or twice per year with your your business, right? You'll be able to get valuable feedback back from your clients You'll be able to improve your service improve your program and grow your business 10 times Per year. Okay, so if you need more help getting contact with me There's two ways you can do that visit the cannelly link in the description book a free 15 to 20 minute call with me Well, we jump on zoom I can ask you some questions about your business See where you're at see where you want to get to and I can show you some actionable steps to take this week To grow and scale your business. You don't want to do that Just send me an email to make money coaching sports at gmail.com Okay, thank you for watching and I'll see you


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here some talking about a few things in this video here We'll be talking about it chapter 3. Well, actually I'll say welcome to dairy aka what I'm going to be calling it chapter 3 Also, we'll be talking about Halloween ends We'll be talking about screen 6 and we'll be talking about the nun to just to kick it off with welcome to dairy Welcome to dairy is still a TV series. That's coming despite the Warner Brothers Discovery merging that's happened earlier this year. They had all of us PLO original sins out there worried to death Luckily, that's not the only show that's been saved. Welcome to dairy for those who are not aware We'll serve as a prequel series to it in it chapter 2 that show is still going to happen We know earlier this year. We were told about a writer's room being assembled I think there were some image shared on Twitter. I might have touched on it briefly in another video. I've done HBO Max made this announcement about this show earlier this year in March But no real plot specifics were given now as of this new report from variety still no real specific plot Plot specifics were given But I will do a separate video just to talk about it more in depth variety is reporting today that the series is still alive with the news breaking that jason Futch, I believe that's how it's pronounced or or yeah I'll just say Fletch and brad kaleb kane will serve as co-showrunners on the it prequel series That's currently in the works at HBO max from andy and barba muschietti Andy we know direct the first two movies and this report is also mentioning Some reports out there. I saw mentioning that he's being eyed to direct the pilot for the series now I know some people were not a fan of it chapter 2. Maybe not even that you weren't a fan You just thought it was a important downgrade compared to that original movie And I will say his first movie is superior over the second one But I still enjoy what he's done with those adaptations that he did from 2017 in the sequel from 2019 now Me and many others After going through jeepers creepers reborn if you're a jeepers creepers jeepers creepers fan out there I know the biggest thing that's probably on your mind right now Is will they give us the person who brought the character to life in these most recent two adaptations who did a phenomenal job That of course being bill scars guard. Oh, will we be robbed of that? Like how we were robbed of jonathan brekk for this nasty return of the jeepers creepers series All this will be revealed in good time. I am looking forward to this prequel series Can't would see what they do with it But just to jump into halloween ends really quick halloween ends has earned over a hundred million at the box office Just a little small update regarding halloween halloween ends and his box office halloween ends again has earned over a hundred million That's another financial w for this series Even though it yes, it is a step down from that original 2018 movie that came out And despite how you may feel about the last entry in green's trilogy It's a solid accomplishment. It's a solid accomplishment, especially for a slash film Obviously it would have done more presumably if it didn't release on peacock simultaneously as well The but the box office success to me is enough proof that down the road This character this ip will eventually return whether that being the form of an anthology or a new timeline will be decided in the future I'm going to go out and predict that michael mires will be back on the big screen before 2030 But if not the shape will return eventually to haunt the town of hattifield once more And I do think that the anthology route can work And how corey was utilized in halloween ends I would say is enough evidence for me to think that something like that can work without michael's presence Because you kind of already have people arguing that this story could have been better for an anthology film So you kind of just have to wonder if they went the whole complete anthology route How that how would that go over depending on who's pinning it and what creative team is behind it That of course would make or break any project But I think an anthology movie prior to michael mires inevitable return Will be what happens next if not, then you'll just have michael mires back before what I'm predicting to be before 2030 Uh, I'll just jump on into scream six for this next topic Genoa or tega has made some new comments related to the upcoming film that we know now is coming out three weeks earlier in March on march 10th So these comments were specifically about nev and the movie being action packed it seems she had some other nice Comments about hating herself and nothing really too relevant to curbie's roles. I don't want to go over those When speaking to entertainment tonight, she said this move. She said this about the movie And we're speaking about nev. She said nev's absence I will say there's so much going on in this next one that it's so action heavy and so gore heavy that I think you're Going to be distracted almost So some people think she means they're going to be distracted by the absence of sypney now Honestly, this movie should be like that. That's how it should be because if the movie is lacking then that's just going to be Another thing that is turning off those people who are agitated by the lack of sypney And they swear that the movie cannot exist without her So if they're able to maintain a strong Representation in every other regard without sypney, then you'll have a good screen movie on your hands I've always said this sypney is not needed to have a good screen movie when you have had one of the weakest entries with Her presence so it's not it's not that she's needed as much as we all would want her to be in it That there's a complete difference. So She also said this when talking about sypney being referenced in the movie. She said that She said there's references to sypney, of course You know, it's nice because there's still a protectiveness in the script And that's something that the actors had naturally over her because obviously we respect her and we want the best for her so She says she's missed and thought of I still will say that I think nev will appear in the movie That's just what i'm gonna go off of that is my hope If she doesn't appear, then she just doesn't appear. It's not the end of the world Uh, some people might think it is but again There's certain things that were going on with sypney that were wrapped up in screen three screen four screen five They've all utilized her in an effective fashion But how much longer until you end up shoehorning her into movies where it's not related to her just because she's sypney press God and then it's like okay at that point you're wasting the character The character was always seeking peace. Let her have her peace just to conclude this by talking about the nun too This image you see here on your screen Is of storm reed shout out to you jonathan because you shared this with me a couple days ago Storm reed was spotted on set of the nun too in her costume that she will be wearing on set If I guess for certain scenes in the movie I'm assuming she's going to be going to some religious school out in france I believe this is set like a few years after the first movie in like 1956 We know sister iran will return to battle valick who I'm assuming will be still In the character of frenchie who was also going to be returning This is something that I highlighted Once I noticed that james won tagged the actor responsible for playing frenchie in the first movie It also reminded me of the fact that a casting call did mention that somebody on campus Working at a school that it seems like this movie will be set at Will be named frenchie. So with that in mind I'm assuming these are one in the same frenchies from the first movie and Irene will track down this girl who is at this school and help her when frenchie is detected causing problems And she will try to bite try to fight Fight off valick and keep storm reeds characters safe yada yada yada. It's all that good stuff So also just the one one last little bit the crooked the crooked man spinoff That was canceled just to throw that in there. I know that's something that a lot of people had already kind of predicted But he announced that james won that being a few days ago Let me know what you think about this down in the comment section below if you had already a course make sure you subscribe Turn on postification and then there's a video in the description I've linked some social media accounts on my facebook twitter and instagram you can message me there Of course, I'm visiting movies and user views like me to cover in the future with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


All right. I'm late. Let's go. So that's me. I'm working at Canonical Packaging LibreOffice for Ubuntu and also I'm in the board of directors for the Document Foundation. And well, let's go back to 2010 because that was when the whole thing started with a new build system, new back then. And I wanted to just have a look at what we thought we would do back then and how we thought we could improve stuff back then and what we actually achieved from that. So yeah, that was one of the original slides from the OpenOffice conference in 2010 except that it didn't have this branding. And well, that was the goal back then. And for the most part, I think we achieved that. But it might not look like that if you're building LibreOffice now, but you have to think about how OpenOffice was building at that time. And there were many, many things that were broken there. There were manual dependencies. There were incomplete dependencies that were incompatible builds, which means that you could build one part and you had to know which part would change if you changed that. And if you didn't, horrible things would happen and all kinds of other issues. So those were the goals we had back then. Actually, I thought by now we would all use 32 core machines and that didn't happen. By now, we just use all very nifty laptops. But the other things still are true and are things that we very much profit from now. And if you use LibreOffice now and think, well, LibreOffice is still slow, that was the comparison from just building a few modules. That was back then and it's pretty much the same like that now, except that we almost take as much for standard run of these modules, because we run all the tests by default all the time, or lots of them. So we got a lot faster and then we added lots of tests that you can't disable so that we are back as slow as we were before, unless you know how to trick around that. I'm not going to tell you. So one other goal of this was to not repeat yourself.  And especially if you're in the build system, you have multiple things that tell you how to build something that can again be inconsistencies and stuff that can create issues. For comparison, this is how it is in LibreOffice right now. You register if you want to have a new library there. You put it somewhere which says in the registry repository mk, which essentially says where it should end up in the final build. And well, then you say how to build it, like I want to build these C++ files. In the old open office world, well, it was a bit different. So that was one of the issues we had with the old stuff. The other thing was TimTofTDI. So there's more than one way to do it. And well, that's always a bad thing because you have to know all of them to read actually what others are doing. And again, by now if you want to, for example, export a symbol in LibreOffice, you do something simple like this. You add something DLL public to the declaration. And then the symbol is exported in open office. You could have multiple ways to do that in every one what would cause interesting different, slightly different effects. So again, it was troublesome. Oops, same slide. So this was the initial implementation of the back then new build system. We had all these targets in one huge dependency tree. And that meant that we were aware of all the stuff that was happening in all the build. We didn't have like these horizon effects where you would do an incompatible build, which meant you build something and said, I'm pretty sure this is binary compatible with the rest and trust me. And it actually knew if it was binary compatible or not. And most of the stuff, so the core stuff of this is still like that today. A few things changed like the backwards compatibility is gone. We don't need like to deliver and copy stuff five times around. We needed to do that in the old open office build system to be compatible with the old build system. So thanks to all these guys who helped contributing to this. The important quote here is, I say we take over Nuke the entire site from orbit. It's the only way to be sure that was the last comment when we killed the last part of the old build system. So that needed to be in the commit message there. So with this, we had the whole build system on essentially on one build system and not like we had before two or rather three, like the old one, the new one, and the one that mixed everything between those, which was some ugly pearl hackery. And then I got bored and I wondered if I could do more than the stuff that I originally planned for the new build system. And one of the things was, well, actually syntax highlighting and using IDEs is a pretty good thing, but it's hard to like manually tell your IDE where all the include paths are and things like that. On the other hand, well, we can't just say use Visual Studio and then we build everything with Visual Studio because that's kind of hard on Linux and on other platforms. So using just an IDE as the main build system doesn't work. But what we could do is have the normal cross-platform build that we had before and export solutions to different IDEs so they could be using this to give you a syntax highlighting, debugging, and stuff like that. So the first idea was K-develop because, well, it seemed to be easy to me. And again, as I said, that was not something that was initially planned. It was like an afterthought. So what it did was you did a make-n-p which prints out all the build information and then it parsed that and tried to build the IDE solution from that. Turns out that something as simple as make-n-p isn't really stable over different versions of make. So the parser for this turned to be, it always added more stuff and I looked at this and this is not good. We're taking more time to parse actually the info than is actually in there. And the result was always flaky because people were using different versions of make and it was kind of tricky to use this in a reliable way. And the goal of this was to have people who were new to development to get it on an IDE. And well, if the first thing they do is failing and they need a full build to get there, that kind of sucks. So I now reorganized that and did all the tricky stuff in the build system itself and then it just dumps that in JSON so that a simple Python script can read that and translate that to whatever IDE you want to have. So this is the solution right now and I think it it mostly is reliable and we can look here, right, there was a question from, where's Jan? Is Jan here? Nope. Jan asked me, well, I looked at the files and the compiler switches, the wrong slide, that actually are given to compile a C++ file on Windows and almost all the stuff, all the data about what definitions and flags and stuff are to be used for this target or in the JSON file with a few exceptions and this is what he was asking about. And that's these few, a few things still missing. That is like generally config specific stuff like which flags to use for exceptions and stuff like that, which is not target specific. So when he wrote this email, should they have been in the JSON? I said, well, no, because they are configuration specific and they're the same for the whole build. But maybe we should, I should just drop a JSON file next to it, which contains all this info, so that you can actually from the JSON file find out all the flags that were used to build this on your specific platform. So which IDEs do we have? Well, KDevelop, that was me in the beginning. Then Honza did Visual Studio and Jan and others did additions to that. Xcode was, I think, initially done by Tor and then a lot of work by Jan. So we have like the major platform, major IDEs for each platform being able to work on LibreOffice code in the natively feeling environment. And we have Vim and you completely by Moggy for the old Unix guys who wouldn't use anything newer. And, well, we have Qt Creator and actually one of the Qt Creator guys came up to me, he can't attend this talk, but he said, well, I really want to help out. So we should get contacted with them and get Qt Creator to be nicely integrated with that. So the past was what I aimed to do with the original new build system eight years ago. And this IDEs stuff is just like a nice additional feature. And there were like the ideas to maybe after eight years we should again use a new build system just cause. And, well, I felt like the old Unix guy that said, no, not with me. But there's this thing if you work too long on something that maybe you're not entirely well, neutral on this. So when I said, well, you should never look at this. I looked the next thing I did was look actually how much of this build system was actually done by me. And hey, good news. Although I brought the original stuff, there are other guys who do own a lot more lines of it by now than me. So it's not mine anymore. Great. David, Michael, congratulations. You own this thing now. So again, and also the distribution of country. So this is the lines of code and who last touched them. And it's pretty even distributed and there are a lot of people touching lots of areas there. So looking forward to using something completely different. These were the original problems we tried to solve with eight years ago when we did this. Some of the stuff creeped back in. I think cargo called programming is already in the makefiles is again on the rise because, well, it's been eight years and stuff collected in there. But in general, the other stuff is mostly reached. And I would add one more thing, the two that I spoke about. Do not repeat yourself and don't do TimTofTDI. And that's one of the main arguments against something like, let's use Visual Studio directly and then like export that to somewhere else. There's more than one way to do it. So again, I'm kind of reluctant to use something like Visual Studio Solutions directly and then have to maintain different build systems on all platforms because that will always break. And there's more than one truth to the build. So someone does something on Windows and then he changed the solution files but not the stuff for the other platforms and stuff like that. So that unless you find a way to synchronize all this, is really tricky. The other challenges, so I think we should stay with something that is one single build system, whatever that is. And, well, the other stuff like having auto-generated intermediates who here uses auto make and auto conf and loves it. You're loving it? Okay. Okay. We gotta talk. The other stuff is, well, custom targets like again, this is having more custom stuff in the build targets, which is not like the usual cross-platform stuff and the degrees of freedom in... Oh, great. Later. Basically, you can build a thing by just random computing. And the last number is, I run that once a day at night just for fun. And 79 failure, 11 success so far. Right. So we have way too much degrees of freedom in the configuration, especially on Windows where there should be pretty much only one mostly. And so that's a goal again to get away from the build system. And that means, for example, well, the candidates for this are obviously CMake or maybe use Scheme in Make as a migration path. But the advantage there is not to rewrite everything from scratch again, but to softly migrate to it. But the most interesting issue probably is the build execution because Ninja is a lot faster than what we have now because Make is just awfully slow parsing all the dependency files that we have, which are just huge. So, yeah? Yes, when you do a low build, the speed of Make is important. But when you build, build them all the time, what really matters today is not so much the build time is the reminding problem with parsing we do. We do have external that still run with minus J1 because they're still open and still can build power. And we have a lot of tests and some of them are really not balanced and they have a low payout. We spend quite a lot of time where we have only one part of the 32 that we hope we have and we think we have. We don't really use them. So right now there is probably 30% of perhaps time that couldn't be gained just by having the things back. I mostly agree. But I mean, I want to fight against my inner feeling that everything is fine. Make's goal is 32nd and it melts in my 15 seconds. But if I look at all these if I look at all these things, probably Ninja is the first most useful things of trying to attack within these rather than the others. So the externals are actually, yeah, interesting. All right. Anyone else but Norbert having questions? Yes? Well, there is somewhere deep inside is something that is generally usable, but you will have trouble finding it if you're not knowing about LibreOffice because there are these things like these multiple layers of where to put libraries and stuff that we are actually not using that much anymore, but they are still in there. I think Miklos once did an experiment to just get the build system out of LibreOffice and then try to get rid of all the LibreOffice specific stuff. So it was just one huge build system that built Hello World. Yeah. Also there are lots of optimizations that you probably only need if you're as big as LibreOffice like pre-compiled headers and windows having all this parallelization and Right. So stuff like that and having, for example, GCC creates the dependency files. Those are huge. They're too huge to be just, well, normally you would just use all of them, pass all of them and be fine. Well, that doesn't work for LibreOffice. So we are taking all these dependency files and pre-pausing them and kicking out all the stuff that is actually superficial and stuff like that. So if your project doesn't need 20 minutes on a 32-core machine, most people don't have a 32-core machine and so the build still takes 20 minutes. Right. So you're absolutely invited to look into the stuff and it's luckily not only me who knows about how this stuff works, which is good. And well, few, three, two, two, two, take a look at it. Looking forward for contributions. If the build takes 20 minutes on a one-core and that's all you have, one-core 20 minutes, this is not going to help you because all it did was simplify, how to run and parallelize it. We did a great progress in that. But it's really helping when you have actually so they go to feed. The rest of it is not really speed. Yeah. So again, in the comparison to the old build system, the most important thing was not even the speed. That was also important. But more important was getting rid of all the craft that was in the old stuff that collected over 20 years. The speed we got out of that is that all of a sudden we could do the partial build. Yeah. That worked. Right. The partial build meaning that you touched one file and says it would do an incremental build and actually would work because that didn't work in the old open office build system. You would touch one file and everything would be broken most of the time. Okay. I think I'm over time already. Yes. Thank you.