I'm Adrian Monck. I'm managing a board member of the World Economic Forum, which is proud to support this summit. One of the things that we're most interested in at the forum is this concept of the fourth industrial revolution. What does it mean? Whenever we present it to people, they tend to think of the engineering dimension. Felly mae'n gweithio ar y trofodraeth, mae'n gweithio ar y linellau cyfnodau. Mae'n gweithio ar rogots yn gofynu. Felly mae'n gweithio arall. Ond mae'r gwent bod yma'r pethau ymlaen o'r revolution yn ei cyfnodd. Yn ymdraeth gyda'r ffordd maen nhw o gyllidau cwmfynuol yn ymdraeth yma, yn yr un o'r wnaethau, ac mae'n cael ei wneud ymdraeth Ie ddod y gallu ei cyfnodd o'r cyfnodd phobl? Ie'r cyfnodd yn ei gyfnodd... ... sy'n cefnodd, ac mae'r cyfnodd newydd sy'n cefnodd... ... yn cyfnodd cyfnodd a'r cyfnodd cyfnodd... ... ac mae'r cyfnodd yn enw. Dyna'r ddweud a'r cyfnodd yn ei ffrwng o'r gweithio'r sefyll. Felly, yn unig ysgol yw'r fanthasig panel. Spu Niko. Niko e'n ei ffrwng yn profesiol o'r meddiol labn... .. ..but also an incredible digital artist. Inoku, who is a leading digital artist here in Japan. I don't know those of you who saw the pictures coming in, that's some of the work his creative team do. We're going to be seeing a little bit in a few minutes of some of the work that Inoku and his team have got up to. Jennifer Carrera. Jennifer is involved in helping young people build communities using technology, using platforms to create new chances for young people to get together and make an impact. Lastly, James Condo, who apart from being probably the person I know with the most followers on twitter in Japan, is also a professor, businessman and digital thinker. And so I think we've got a fantastic panel for you this afternoon. But it doesn't end there. Audiences are where secret wells of knowledge lie. So you all are going to be involved in this session. I want all of you to think about what you want to ask these folks up here on the platform. But I'm going to start by introducing, letting our panelists say a little bit about their thoughts on this. But really, Niko, I want to start with you, because without technology, probably, you wouldn't have gotten your first big breaks in our. Is that right? Exactly. And it's weird, but nihongo de shaverimasu ne, minna sann o ie. And we have any Japanese in the audience, so allow me to speak in Japanese. Yes, exactly. Well, first, when I was still the student on YouTube, I showed my work and it became a big topic and people at the museum saw this. And also from YouTube, YouTube let me to exhibit my work at the art museum. So without digital, I don't think that this would have been happened. In that respect, the young artists and for students also, digital gives an extremely large amount of opportunities compared to the past. And in translation, I always laugh about two minutes after the joke arrived, because the translator is actually doing a fantastic job. I know it's super hard in those boots and thank you so much. But yeah, in case you think it's not because I'm a weirdo, I'm generally getting the joke after you're getting it. James, I want to come to you next because just starting out, we're talking about younger generations, but the work you're doing is really looking at the way technology is going to influence not just young people, but all generations and particularly even older people. Can you explain a little bit more about how some of the things coming down the line are going to impact us generationally? Because let's be honest. I mean, for all of us here, we're all growing up digital. Ten years ago, I had no access to a smartphone. Now it's a massive part of my life, even if my children don't use it to talk to me. But it is what drives all of our interactions. So how are you seeing in what you're doing technology reshaping our digital space and interactions? So one thing, the big theme I think that all of us have to be thinking about is how humans and machines work together, and whether machines will replace humans or machines will help humans to do better things. And one of the observations we have is different societies have different ways of addressing it. So if we pick autonomous driving, and so I just came out of a meeting in Napa in Silicon Valley around different car technology companies, some of them want to replace drivers. And that's where most of the discussion is, autonomous driving. But I was also speaking to Gil Pratt, who heads Toyota's autonomous driving, and he has this concept, guardian angel. So for the elderly who always actually love the independence and autonomy of driving, it's actually discouraging to say you don't have to drive anymore. They actually want to continue to drive, but you want to help them drive more safely and more accurately in the way that they want to drive. So the car can actually, he's calling it the guardian angel, become a guardian angel that keeps the elderly safe, and maybe make that person drive much more safely, much more accurately than that person ever could as a single human being. And we can extend that to everything that we do in our lives where we can actually be helped by machines to be a better human being. We can train the machines to create a society that allows humanity to be better. And I think we have basically a choice where I think many people are scared of what machines can do and the fact that machines may replace all the jobs. But I think there is a huge possibility that's open, and particularly for I think societies like Japan, or when we think about people who may have some disadvantage, the machine can actually, through human machine collaboration, create a world that we always wanted to create. That's very encouraging, I think. It's specifically given some of the fears that people have over the way that technological interaction is going to take place. Jennifer, your work helping young people connect across cultures, across geographies to create new kind of links on digital platforms. And 20 years ago, I think, Don Tapscott wrote growing up digital. So in a sense, they've already grown up digital. This is the stuff coming out of what they've learned and what you've seen working with them that kind of shows you where we're going in the next five to 10 years with technology and with this digital culture. When I think about the power of technology, what I see, and especially the generation that was sort of born into a digital world with the web, is interconnectedness, people connecting with one another. And I've really tried to, in my work and the organization that I started 16 years ago as a teenager, try to create technologies to promote community involvement and also connectedness across cultures. And so when I think about the emergence of so many platforms, social platforms, social media platforms, that allow for an incredible amount of connectedness, I both feel hopeful about the possibilities while at the same time the dangers of divide are actually heightened because of a lack of understanding and the skill sets to be able to really engage with people who come from completely different world views. They're not really in place. And our education systems are not necessarily embracing the possibilities of these types of technologies for a real social good, for that social impact and community connectedness locally, nationally and globally. And I was very inspired just now coming from the session on Aikido because it talked about the concept of oneness. And that's something I think we should aspire for when we think about technology and humanity. Enoch, you've, we're now in a classic kind of post-modern situation where with machine translation, we ought to be maybe a couple of years from me being able to speak to you and hear you direct almost. And in fact, I think there's now some phone technologies where apparently that can happen. Although if I look at the way my auto correct works, I'm not convinced I want to put my life on technology right now. But we're using a very tried and tested method using real people to help translate our conversation. Um, to what extent has the technology so far, this last 20 years, this explosion that we've seen helped you as an artist to co-create work, to draw on bigger networks of people, to involve more folks in your artistic endeavours and enterprises. And maybe we can see a little bit of a film so we can know the kind of things that you do. So maybe we can play that now. Are we going to have a movie? So I am creating art using technology. So technology has been changing people and society. Put it simply, how it changed is that the real-time interactive and non-language interaction became possible. For example, even now interactive reaction and by selecting other pictures and the arts, probably that would be the modern people's communication. But today we won't be able to use that format. So that's the reason why we cannot do the different things. So I think we need to think about the different format. But the space itself, the space that changes with interactive and real-time, where I'm creating that with art and how that would affect the people. The space itself, if that changes in interactive and real-time, then totally different other people, others are present. Well, the space itself, due to the presence of the others, the space would change to interactive and then if that changes is positive, then one would be able to have a different view on the others. I'm sure that you won't be able to get what I'm trying to say here, but to put it simply, if you go in front of the Mona Lisa and then if you see a lot of the people seeing that picture, then you would think that the others around you is something that you would like to get rid of. But the reason why you think is that the Mona Lisa itself won't change with the presence of the others. But if the Mona Lisa changes with the presence of the others and if the space that you are in would change, say that if the space or the Mona Lisa becomes beautiful because of the third party's presence, although it's not the third party's willingness, but if that space or the Mona Lisa changes due to that third person, then I think that their presence will become very valuable. So going back to my original point, the space itself can change to the space where it is going to be interactive in real time and can change with a non-language kind of a world. Then the people in the same space, their relationship can be changed as well. So under this perspective, I'm creating my arts. Gau, ima higien o communication. Inoko-san is talking about non-linguistic communication and therefore this kind of lost in translation space and I think it is because of that that I think this non-linguistic communication has a great value. I think it was about last year and there was this Japanese hostage of hostages which were taken captive by the Islamic terrorists and these terrorists captured them and showed their images on the internet. And first the Japanese were all scared and surprised, but then on the internet, well, do you know this Grand Prix where they criticized ISIS and they started to collage the images of ISIS and put in some Dragon Ball features and this image cutting a melon. I thought that this was indecent. The people first criticized this, but with these collage of animation characters, it appeared on the internet and I was surprised, but then BBC and the French media started to say that these slums were spreading terror.  And I thought that was interesting this war of non-linguistic communication and this Grand Prix, I was following this Grand Prix video and there was this very interesting communication on the internet.  Well, there were these and they had this knife picture and then this student said, who cares and I want to show the pictures on the screen. Yes, as you say, communication is interactive and has real time and non-linguistic, but this meeting is linguistic. You can't talk in this sort of format anymore. That's what I wanted to say to you. Yes, this place, supposing that I were trying to express myself here on the screen with non-linguistic expressions, I wouldn't have to sit here and say these things, but these intellectuals, they think that language is everything and they say they have to prepare the images beforehand. Excuse me. I mean, I'm repeating myself, but interactive real time non-linguistic communication should be the key and that's why we cannot have any conversation using language. I'm sure you won't understand me. It's not me to blame. It's this format that's wrong and this intelligent woman is agreeing with me. I'm really happy about that. It's not me who's the bad guy. It's not my fault. This, this is it. Yes, I wish to be going to show this. I really appreciate the power of images to transform and interactive spaces and I just wanted to share, we have this online global gallery, taking it global and we've worked with adobe tools to train children in over 50 countries around the world to use these tools, these creative tools to create visual messages, images about issues, serious issues that they're facing in their communities and then they post their images online and then we work with teachers using just the images to understand the voices from so many countries and I think that the work that you do to create these interactive spaces highlights the sense of agency, the role of the participant as a co-creator in the experience and we need to share that more because with social technology I think most are passive and I think it's important for everyone to realise that each individual plays an important part of the collective experience so this is a great metaphor, the work that you do. I mean, James, one of the things that struck me thinking about what growing up digital means is it means growing up with words. The first iteration of the web was all about words. It was email, it was text, you look at webpages, they didn't have a picture on them for many years and still a lot of them didn't. Now we seem to be in a transition phase where it's all about pictures, even down to texting, you don't even text OK, you just do a thumbs up and we can see that people are using images in India, sexual assault victims are using Snapchat to hide their faces but tell their stories. So this kind of visual level of communication, how do you think that's going to unfold in the coming year? So I was at Twitter for five years, I just left in December but one of the interesting stats we saw across Twitter, Facebook and others is that you get about five times more engagement if you have a picture compared to a great set of words and then if you have an image there's typically ten times. More engagement and so it was very obvious as we were running the platform that the words, even though you can tell great beautiful poetry with a few words, an image is worth a thousand words and Twitter can only do 140 words characters and then the video is so much more powerful. I guess one of the issues that we do have to think about is if we compare the people who are producing versus people who are consuming, the ratio goes down significantly. So with words, we started with a pretty high ratio that anyone who's consuming can just say a few things back. With pictures, I think Instagram made a huge contribution where everyone felt like they could post beautiful pictures but still it's a much lower ratio. Many more people produce pictures than people consume pictures than actually produce them. When it comes to videos, even in Snapchat, it is still not the case that everyone can produce really fun videos and that's I think one of the challenges that we're seeing and connected to what Jennifer's saying if we need a communicating one world, we need a place where people can both consume but feel that they can contribute and co-create things together and I think maybe the intellectual world has built a world where people can write and read all together. For pictures, I think that is an emerging field for videos. I think the younger generation and if we're talking about generation they're much much better obviously at creating videos and conversing in videos and images but whenever we have this dichotomy between consumption and production it creates a social divide and also one thing we found out which is very interesting is when we look at production and consumption by sex for example in India we found that that was the country where the men produced much more than women but of about 100 countries it was the place where production was dominated by men whereas women were mostly consuming content and so whether you cut it by religion, age other characteristics what we'd like to see is really a place where you can consume and produce and also co-create together and that's different by media and I think because video is so powerful if we can get to a co-production, co-consumption co-creation model in a video I think it will be a very different world. Just to get a sense from our audience and maybe it will tell us something about our age structure how many people here are on Instagram and Snapchat okay so people who are not looking like they're my age um that's good to know and um for whom is Instagram and Snapchat I've just said two things and you don't think you've ever heard them before we all know where they are yeah that's good do you see a night as old as my you know my brother and the rest of my family who have no idea what these tools are apart from mechanisms devised by young people to keep them out of their lives so I'm going to ask you guys in the audience to come up with some questions for our panel in a moment can I just get a sense of looking around who's got something that they've got on their mind they've come in wanting to quiz the folks here on someone at the front there anyone else you're a very well behaved non-interactive group of participants you know I don't know how you get these guys to create at the moment we'll have to warm them up a little bit for you I guess one of the things I wanted to pursue further to what you were talking about is as people grow up digital and become creators as James was saying to what extent does the role of the artist kind of shift because we're used to the Mona Lisa example where you're very good with pain you paint something beautiful no one else can do what you can do but now with the way the technology is looking a lot of people can do what artists traditionally can do what's the barrier or what's the relationship between artists now and Niko maybe you too has that fundamentally changed are we still in a kind of old-fashioned place where we've given you permission to be the artist and therefore you can be artistic on our behalf and just maybe involve us from time to time can I answer first yes well um you're very kind yes I'm kind well um well um you intend to think that everyone can become a creator because they are the tools well that may be true but that does not mean that everyone wants to become a creator because I am called a social media artist and there is this tool Twitter that people say I often use but I'm too busy every day that I only say I'm tired when I tweet but my husband who's 23 years older than me he's not the digital aid but he's reporting his work on the Facebook once every two days I don't do those things so the social media trying to upload content well the Instagram too well I do do Instagram but although I'm an artist I feel have this pressure that have to upload these beautiful pictures and I don't want people to take away my creativity every time I upload a single beautiful picture so um everyone well assuming that everyone wants to be creative and upload these beautiful pictures no I think that's wrong then what sort of people should be uploading such contents I am looking into the United States for example for example the white policemen are shooting these black African Americans who are unarmed and there are demonstrations occurring but this may not have happened even in the past but these videos they are those people who have taken these videos and uploading them on Facebook and this situation immediately comes to be known by many many people and also the well in India the lady with a snapshot guiding her face I'm trying to make this appeal so rather than saying that it's enjoyable there are these people forced to upload these information to appeal to a larger audience and I think this is more meaningful we have to focus more on these types of content creators I think that these are the people who really count I'm an artist but there was mentioned about Mona Lisa and these are things that only an artist quote unquote can create and these days anyone can draw pictures like that but just behalf you you have tools you can't do it without ideas you have to have ideas but because there are these tools those people who have a message to communicate for example the African Americans or the Indians can use this tool to communicate now you might not be able to call them artists but they have a message that they want to communicate these are people with the message and I do feel that for these people this technology and growing up digital has possibilities so it's your turn now well so this is more like art but I found your what you have just mentioned is quite interesting because before internet the social problems was hidden and probably artists might be the only ones that sort of reveals that partially to the society as a whole and that was the very important role that artists were serving in the past but I'm not saying that that importance is gone now but actually the majority of the work the general people using the internet that black American incident was quite the common thing but that tool by periferating that tool is a suficing that need but because of the excessive use of the tool is happening if you go and see the internet then you would find that that there are too many problems around the world and even if you go to the twitter so you would find that a lot of the problems in the world and the complaints and bad things only that you can find there so artists maybe may need to focus on the positive side of the people or the hope of the people maybe artists needs to have the people experience that I was lost in translation I was trying to explore a little bit and maybe Jennifer can help with this is the relationship between the creator and the participant or the co-creator and what does that mean for these people growing up with these tools not just that anyone can make it because you're right I mean anyone can make a lot of things using digital equipment but having the talent, the vision and the artistry is maybe a different matter but how does who moderates that relationship and how does it change us and I guess Jennifer from your work with young people how does do relationships actually change do you see new relationships forming or new types of relationship forming because technologies allowed us to go to places we haven't previously been able to go just as a point on the role of the artist to showcase the positive I think that is very important and key to bridging relationships that go beyond let's say the people that you might immediately know like your immediate family or friends I'm actually very concerned about how much content people are capturing online that is tragic like focused on tragedies I think there's a role if you're recording something if you're trying to highlight a human rights abuse to maybe restore human rights but a lot of people are focusing so much on capturing let's say the abuses and the problems that we're not seeing enough content about solutions and I actually gave a keynote at a conference with high school students in Canada I'm Canadian by the way and I asked how many of you see on your feed like let's say your Facebook feed stories about different tragedies that are going on in the world so therefore you feel more aware about the world so everyone's hands went up how many of you feel that you can do something about these issues and almost all of the hands went down and for me that's very scary that's a scary society where people feel a paralysis like they have nothing that they can do when there indeed is so much that people can do and a lot of problems in the world are rooted in conflict rooted in misunderstanding people not understanding the other or maybe even not understanding themselves so then how can technology help us to better know ourselves and to better know one another and I think that when we look at the companies that are producing new technologies they're producing to an end that would ultimately be a commercial end and it's not necessarily as as deep in their reflection to really I mean I'm not trying to criticise technology companies but a lot of products are built without the clear focus of promoting cultural understanding and James I mean is your sense that people are becoming spectators I mean with your five years in Twitter you know is engagement just consuming this content or are you seeing a relationship between people both consuming content and organising around issues or organising to address some of these political points that Inoka and Niko and Jennifer have mentioned I agree with what Jennifer said there is a I think there is a limit to what commercial companies can do so when Twitter went public one of the best things that the company did was to donate money to the media lab and create a new lab because I think you know people in companies have a good intentions to serve public good but if it becomes a trade-off between returns for the investor versus something better we may make a different choice and so I think that university setting and giving all the data and technology to do something was really helpful the other thing we understood was that technology today is very good at being ad hoc and disruptive so if you want to destroy something I think technology can be very very effective if you want to be systematic and constructive most of the social technologies are not built for that purpose it is built to get in front of someone and spread something very fast but not necessarily to create a dialogue or to build something which is very very different you know you need a different design thinking to build something carefully and so I think that's something that may take time it may not be the most money-making idea but I think our society lacks it just one example because we were talking about pictures there's actually a lot of gas emissions around the world many pipes are broken and many gases are emitted in oil rigs but nobody has an incentive to repose it so many people actually are taking pictures when gas wells are broken to say okay there's gas emitted and so that's one type of social participation we're now in the media lab that's actually a neighbour to Sputnikosans we're building a machine with environmental agency to take a satellite image of all the pipes around the world to actually using filters estimate emissions and the machine is quite powerful using artificial intelligence to be able to actually real-time monitor gas emissions all around the world so that is a constructive machine that is systematically measuring the entire problem and potentially providing solutions now the individual person who was taking pictures it was doing that apart to maybe motivate people to build that system but I think what we need now is technologists with a humanitarian not profit motive building machines that can actually systematically constructively solve these problems so it's not just enough for people to be sharing this stuff we actually need to put some systems in place yeah I think that the posting is really helpful like we wouldn't even know that there was an issue but you know for example the police example you know we're also talking to the White House about okay now there's so many cameras in America that's actually taking pictures of the police interaction how do we take those individual pictures of which there's now gigantic video loads and then do systematic pattern analysis so we can actually need to system change that needs a very different kind of engagement I think that's where we need to go let me just turn to our audience and see if we can get them to interact I'm going to look the lady on the first row who had her hand up and lady there in the middle and can you just tell us who you are when you ask your question I'll make your point thank you dear please I'm Masuka from Japan you kind of already asked my question that I was really wanting to ask but maybe to put it further what would be the role of artists and especially regarding the innovation or the future of Japan what would be the role of artists and my second question would be what would how can art and or maybe also with the fact of digital be have a good effect on mental health problems that people have and let's just hear from the lady if we came behind as well thanks yes my name is Lola Baklar I'm a young global leader from Saudi Arabia and my question to the panel and especially to Jennifer who works with youth is really concerning growing up digital and concerning how to bring up very young children who are growing up in this digital age so I mean how do you strike a balance between the digital and the classical some might argue that for example penmanship or even writing if itself is a dying art why teach them writing when they can type on a keyboard why teach them human interaction when they're going to be spending 95% of their time on social media so you know my question is how do you strike a balance and what is the important of you know thinking about it from not just what how their future is going to be but also how today's world is and lastly gentlemen just behind you if you can pass this is very convenient you're all asking questions and so on sorry, I'm asking a question in Japanese my question is that the precondition of a social media is that it looks as if that you're assuming that the people or the society is the other side of the social media but what I think recently is that for those people I'm communicating using the Twitter is a bot that's my fear because more than half of my life or even going forward probably 90% of my life or even some people the start of the birth if they start the communication then probably the fact that they are communicating with the known people would be greater so even if you upload a picture on a Facebook to whom that picture is to be shown will be decided by algorithm so if that is going to happen then how the people can communicate going forward what is your opinion well I think they call it okay I'm going to start with our artists and just the first question one I think looking at the implications of this sort of digital revolution for art in Japan and two this question about people's health and their mental health and cannot help make a difference and can it do something using some of the tools you've been talking about so your first question how art can change the future of Japan or the future of the world let me answer that first yes so one thing is that my friend Rokudenashiko she's a female artist and she scanned the sexual organ and then she 3D printed and then she was arrested by Japanese police because that is not permitted under the law and she was arrested and I'm helping her and I'm creating this opinion paper and in order to have her released or not in Japan it's very complex but what she has printed is that the reason why she was arrested is because she gave the sexual organ data to someone else so I have to mention that what she has mentioned that data is artistic I have to prove that it is artistic and that process itself actually is the dark side of police and I think that itself is revealing this darkness that the police has as well as the perception that people have against the sexual organs and interesting thing is that Mofa's world assembly for women and I'm the advisor member and this conference a politician will come and also and Mrs Abe and came as well and the various NPO and famous people come and they will talk about the future of female and I think this kind of a serious meeting is very important there might be some learnings that we can have but when the people come from the world not only the serious issues but artist has this power of revealing the world from the extreme perspective so we should be thinking and discussing about the art in that world conference as well so it's the power of art because it's almost a very traditional role for art that Inoka was talking about which is that artists push the boundaries of society and they push the boundaries of what's acceptable in terms of maybe conversation in terms of visual portrayal and they need to keep doing that in digital formats as much as they do in you know with oil paintings you know if you think about the French impressionists going and painting pictures of people in brothels or painting pictures of dancers who weren't considered to be proper society so it's really interesting that example which I remember I didn't realise that it resulted in imprisonment which is In Japan I'm glad you're doing something about it but Inoka can I bring you in a little bit on that question about art and what its role can be for Japan because I think that's a very powerful example of what art needs to keep doing and there are other boundaries in society here or other areas where it can make a difference I think there are different roles but through art I think people's standard of beauty will change of course there are different roles to be played by art but for me I think I'm changing the standard of what is considered to be beautiful beauty would change and I think that is important for humans change their standard what they think is beautiful and start to act I don't know but what you're wearing well it's based on rational thinking and what's not really based on rational thinking it's very irrational thinking that you chose what you're wearing today at least it's irrational the standard that you're using and as a result you think that you look good in that clothes and so you're wearing it but once you're standard of what you think is beautiful changes the society standard changes and as a result the people's people will be influenced to a certain extent and their behaviour will also change so I think shifting the standard of beauty will make people change their behaviour and another thing is basically thinking about things changing values you think in non-linguist terms might be that having a standard which will enable you to think in non-linguistic terms will be important because if you think in just words and try to communicate only with words well I think this is a very low intellectual level well even with a computer the linguistic information is low level I mean for example you have video first file and text is only about eight bytes so that's how low level of intelligence it is and in that domain you're trying to communicate of course because that domain has developed to an extreme people take for granted that they think in such terms but I think we also have to have a trigger to let people think non-linguistically I think such a trigger will be important I guess and we might need to think about how we bring people up and that is a good Q Jennifer for you on another huge issue that people have with this culture is that should we immerse people in it are there bits of it we should protect them from or should we ration it in some way and not give access to it at all keep with the kind of classical techniques that we've seen bringing bringing kids up as your experience with working with young people giving you any insight on that you know and it's interesting because when I started the work that I'm doing I was focusing on teenagers and over the past five years I've been working so much more closely with kindergarten teachers who are trying to figure out what to focus on with young children and I think the number one most important skill if you might call it a skill would be the skills of empathy whatever tools we might be using to understand one another and also to look at conflict resolution from that very young age you know you talk about maybe sharing between two and four they're learning how to to share maybe we learn how to share for the rest of our lives but these types of skills also then link to when we when we think about issues of mental health there's a lot of growing anxiety among youth today a lot of depression we've even seen instances of people taking their own lives as a result of extreme bullying online and how young people don't necessarily have the skills not just if you're a victim of bullying but in fact the most important role is if you're a bystander which is the majority you know you have someone who is the bully someone who is being bullied and then all of these people who are witness to it and so how do we navigate these skills to work through these situations because citizens all all people of all ages we need to be able to step in very constructively to protect one another to protect ourselves but also to protect and care for one another and I just wanted to make one point about the role of the artist because I think that the role of the artist is to help us see and to understand ourselves both as we are but also to ignite the imagination of who we can be Thanks chef and I want to bring you in on this issue that I think is especially with presidential elections in the United States and Brexit and some of the other things going on in the world are we in danger of living this digital life in our own comfort bubble so that we're only getting confirmatory information we're only hearing from people who share our beliefs and backgrounds we're not opening ourselves up to this more difficult or counter community So it actually connects to the comment that was made about who are we speaking to and interestingly when I was working in a platform company we would be criticised for our algorithms that are feeding what people want to hear and there was almost an assumption that platform companies are somehow making you do something that you shouldn't be doing but actually platform companies are just commercial companies so they just give you what you want to see and so we just keep on increasing things that you spend more time on which tends to be actually positive messages from people you like and actually humans innately find it quite difficult to be criticised by people you don't even know and so if you keep on running an algorithm of basically getting you to spend time on the platform you get surrounded by comfortable people around you and the algorithm is it's just a result of your preference not the algorithmic driving you to do something different so I think one piece that I have is that we need to recognise our own bias if we see on Twitter or Facebook that we only see a certain point of view it's not that the platform is just giving you something that you don't want you're actually having a preference to actually choose those things that the machine is now really expanding on and so I actually had to work very hard to follow extreme right wing tweets during the US election because I actually was not being exposed to those things the other thing that I will mention is one thing that I think is really needed is it's actually a machine we're building at the media lab around US elections which is really to understand people who are socially weaker you know one of the things that we really found in brexit and the US presidential election is that the people who are in power who are connected to very powerful media are very very condescending of people who are for example today may be supporting Trump in America and they have a very simple narrative which goes something like these people are not educated they're often unemployed they may not know about the world and therefore they are very insecure and maybe even racist and supporting a very terrible candidate but the reality is that 70% of Americans have not seen their income rise in the last 20 years so it's most of the people who have real problems about healthcare, education, livelihood etc and they're not the fringe people but we don't actually have a machine to understand those people and also to Jennifer's point build an empathy around their real-life issues so we're actually pulling all of social and digital data that's available to try to understand these segments in a way that is visible to us and also makes us realise in a fine position here and there's a large maybe 70% of the population who are in a different bucket that there are alternate views and that I am kind of living in this very small area but somehow visualising this entire world so that we know where we are and also protect us from this cocoon effect that you're talking about We're running out of time so probably time for one last quick question Drew, I'm going to turn to you right there so it'll probably be a very brief word from each of our panellists So I think thank you so much for this great panel I think there's many benefits from art technology, collaborations Artists will take a technology a.k.a a tool and they will bend it to a new purpose that it was never intended for and they will infuse that technology with humanity Artists help push boundaries and they think about what doesn't exist yet Artists don't start with what are the tools that I have and then go from there Artists generally say I have a vision How do I get there do the tools yet exist So my question to the artist is what is a technology that does not yet exist yet that you're dreaming of that you would like to use in your art So it doesn't exist yet but you can imagine it and it's something that you would like to use as a tool in your art That is a tough question I'm feeling sorry for the artist now Yeah I don't really actually Well there aren't that many of such things Well of course there might be some small things that you would like to have but it's not that bigger thing You know when in Minority Report when Tom Cruise does this kind of stuff and you think wow you know how are we going to do that is there anything that you kind of think I just saw that I so want that to happen Well probably there isn't anything any specific technology that would directly have an impact on art It's not because we have these tools that we create certain art We have this vision and it happens that these are tools that are available to us who pick up one to achieve that vision but but sometimes I think watching Pepper that robot I talk with my girlfriends and I hear them saying I might not be able to get married and they're worried about becoming alone but if Pepper were to be developed and when we grow old it might be that the robots would be your friend and then you wouldn't have to worry about getting married so I think that this might be a solution to what is being discussed by my girlfriends and I think that solitude the thinking of solitude isolation or if you can have eternal life and well of course you have to pledge to be eternally married to that person and then you get worried I mean if you have eternal life you have to stick with this guy for your eternal life so if technology makes you immortal then things would change to people and then art will change but there isn't anything that I really want any sort of technology I want I'm not answering your question I'm sorry I don't know I don't know I don't know right to dogs dogs yeah oh because it's a rival yeah exactly I can see dogs going to war with robots not humans yes this lovely old lady and she has lots of cats with her so this might be replaced by robots I understand any anything that you've seen that you can just see okay that's around the corner that's the technology I want I mean you're already playing with so much technology from those videos ddent eh ddaw no the reason why I say no is it something to answer the questions from the audience that might be a technology that all of us need on this panel that's relevant to art time so I want to thank all of our panellists and all of you for being part of this session this afternoon I think there's two takeaways for me one is that I think maybe not growing up digital is going to be important but growing up visual is going to be important in the decades to come and also growing up outside our bubble or as James put it our cocoon I think if we can avoid that and if we can get a little bit more visual intelligence to go along with our verbal intelligence then maybe we'll be able to exploit some of these fantastic new tools to make even more exciting things so on behalf of you I'm going to thank all of our panellists and and thanks to you too


Welcome to Intro to Java Classes and OOP. OOP means Object Oriented Programming for Beginners. Now, this should not be your first Java tutorial. This should be something that you do after you've learned a little bit about Java, but you aren't so sure about how classes and Object Oriented Programming works. It's aimed at beginners, so we'll just walk you through some of the absolute basics such as attributes, and whether they are public or private. A constructor, which is a special type of method that creates an object and you'll see that soon. And behaviors, these are the actual methods of a particular class, and you'll see that in action as well. And then instantiation is where we actually create some objects. We might jump around a little bit to see how things go, but let's get started. So let's take a look here.  I'm going to call this class person. And I'm going to go ahead and create that. I'm going to save this first. And I'm going to go to my desktop, and I made a little folder for this. And I'm going to call this person.java. So I'm going to click save. So notice this says person, this says person.java. So they have to be the same.  Now attributes are the quality, or the qualities that something or someone has. Now a person can have lots of different attributes. The ones I'm going to look at today are very simple. I'm going to do name, and I'm going to do age. Now again, hopefully this is not your absolute first Java video, if it is, this is not the one to start with. But thinking about a person's name, this data type of that is going to be a string. And I also need to put, for now I'm going to put public here, and I'm going to put public int h. So what we've done here is we've created a place in memory for each of these attributes. And we said that the first one is a string attribute, and it is called name. And the second one is an int, or an integer attribute, and it is called age. We've also made them public, but we'll get to private later. The next thing is the constructor. And I'm going to leave that, I'll talk a bit more about that later, but basically constructor is going to look like this. Notice it doesn't have public or private, although it can have public, but it's kind of obvious that it has to be public, which you'll hopefully understand shortly. And then we have some behaviors. Now this is just a kind of a common order for these things. You can kind of mix it around, but it makes a lot of sense to do it this way, and hopefully you'll see why sooner rather than later. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and I'm going to compile this file, and see what happens. Okay, so compilation finished successfully. Awesome. Okay, I'm gonna go ahead and actually compile and run. And you'll see, we'll get a little error here. It says, main method not found in class person, please define the main method as blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, okay? So this is the standard main method for Java. So I'm gonna go ahead and I'm gonna create a separate file. Okay, I'm gonna go ahead and create that, and I'll come back and explain some of the stuff as well. So I'm gonna call this class person runner. I didn't have to call it that, but that's just what I'm gonna call it. And this is where I'm gonna put my public static void main string args. Again, this is the standard Java thing. And I'm gonna go ahead and save this in the same folder as I just saved my other file documents, Java class OOP. And I'm gonna call this one person runner.java. I didn't have to call it that, but that's what I chose to call it. But whatever I call it, this has to match this. Note the capitalization capital P here, capital R here, and note the capitalization here for person. Okay, so just kind of going back. What I've done is I've created something called a class. And a class is what defines an object, which you'll see in a second. And objects have attributes and they have behaviors. So I've said that a person, for our purposes, a person is an object with a name and an age. So over here in person runner, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna create some objects. So I'm gonna say person, and I'm gonna say Bob equals new person, like so. Now I'm gonna go ahead and just compile this and see what happens. I should not get any errors. Now if I run this, nothing happens. So let's go ahead and print the attributes. So I'm gonna say system.out.println name plus bob.name. I'm gonna say system.out.println age plus bob.h. Now again, if you haven't done this before, see how name and age match what I have over here. So I'm gonna be printing the name and age of Bob. Now note, I haven't actually defined them yet. So let's see what happens. Okay, compiles, it runs. So you can see how name is null. Null means the value doesn't exist. It's not like an empty string. It's not like quote, quote. It's actually null. It just doesn't even exist. And again, if you're not sure what that means, you're not sure this is the right tutorial for it yet. And now age is zero because ints default to zero. So let's go ahead and give Bob some attributes. So let's go ahead and update the attributes. So I'll say set the attributes. Okay, so I'm gonna say bob.name equals bob. And I'm gonna say bob.h equals, let's say, so I'm gonna save that. I'm gonna compile it and I'm gonna run it. Okay, so now we see that Bob's name is bob. We see that Bob's age is 25. Now we could have made this save, for example, Robert. And then compile it and run it. Okay, this bob here is just a convenience for me. I could have called this person one. One is always nice to have good variable names. Okay, and I compile it. Oops, there we go. I should have changed this to person one. Person one, person one. So let's go ahead and compile it again. And now we have person one is Robert and his age is 25. I'm gonna go ahead and put this back to Bob, but I like that. It's a lot easier for me to remember. Okay, so couple things here. Notice, okay, we've said this is what a person is. A person is an object and this person has, or this object has certain attributes. In this case, a name and it's a string type, an age, and it's an int type. We've done nothing else with it, okay? We have over here, instantiated. Yeah, put that in instantiation. We have instantiated a new person object called Bob. Here we set the attributes and here we printed the attributes, okay? Now the reason we could do this, and this would work, is that over here, we made these attributes public, okay? And what public means is that from outside of the person class, so over here in person runner, it's a different class. I can directly update and access. You may hear it's called mutate or mutator methods. You'll see later, and accessor methods. I can directly update and I can directly access these values. This is a way of doing it, but good object-oriented programming design, especially if you're an AP student. AP requires that you make these private. So I'm gonna go ahead and hit private. We'll see how that affects our program. So I'm gonna go ahead and compile this because until we compile it, it's not gonna make a difference. Then over here, I'm gonna go ahead and compile this again, and let's see what happens. So as you can see here, there are a number of errors. That color's a little bit hard to see with the dark background. But what it says is personrunner.java, that's this file name, nine, this is the line that the error is on. Name has private access in person, and it's pointing to bob.name equals Robert. So name is private, which means over here in personrunner, I can't access it. So this is where we have to do a little bit of extra programming. This is kind of the standard Java way of doing things. Now again, if you're a beginner and you don't care about these things, you can go ahead and just make it public.  But if you're actually going to write good software, you're gonna need to make this stuff private. So the way that we get around this, if I can go back to my coding concepts, is what we've seen public and private attributes. The way we get around this is that we create special methods called getters and setters. And I'm gonna show you that right now. So you'll see down here behaviors. Okay, so I'm gonna make this one is gonna be public, which means that over here in personrunner, I can access it. So I'm gonna pay public void. Now, if you know what public void something means, again, this is not the video for you. You need to go back and learn about methods before you can do this. So public void, I'm gonna call this one set name. I'm gonna make this string. Well, there's a couple of ways I can do this. I'm gonna make this string name. And what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna say, well, I'm gonna do it wrong once. So I'm gonna say name equals name. Now, if I try to compile this, what's gonna happen? It actually worked. Who knew? That was not what I expected. I'm gonna put this back here, just see that one later. And I'll explain how this one works. Let's go ahead and compile that. Okay, so this is a special keyword that refers to a particular object. And I'll show you that in a minute. Name, this particular name refers to this variable. However, this name refers to this attribute. Hopefully that, you can see there's a little bit of a difference. So this is the value that we're passing in. And this is the value that is attached to that particular object. So what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and change some of these and hide some of these things. And for now, I'm gonna fix them here in a second. Okay, so instead of bob.name equals Robert, which I can't do anymore because it's private, I'm gonna do the following. I'm gonna say bob.setname Robert. So what happens here is name becomes Robert. And then I said this name, so it means this person object's name is equal to this name, which is Robert's. And the reason I put this here is to avoid it, what's called ambiguity. So we got name here and we've got name here. So if I do this, I'm not sure which name this is, which name this is, is it this name, is it that name. So by putting this, I force it to make this particular name equal that. This is one way of doing it. Another way of doing it is to change this to something like new name and then new name. Either way you do it's fine. I prefer doing it with this just because it's similar to how it's done in Python and I do a lot of Python programming. So let me go ahead and compile this one more time, make sure it's working. Let's go ahead and compile this and I'm gonna run it and see what happens. Now we don't see anything, but presumably it's working. So what we have to do now is we have to do a getter method, which is a way of getting the information back. So I'm gonna do public, string and I'll explain why in a second, get name and I'll say return this.name. I could also just do name because it's not ambiguous anymore. There's only one name in this. It's called scope, but I'm gonna keep sticking with this thing. So especially a lot of people I teach and a lot of people online, I know my videos, I do a lot with Python. This is the same as self. So this was Python, this would be self. Now, this.name is a string. So that's why I put string here. That's the return type again. If you haven't done functions and methods, this is probably not the video to start with. And what this lets me do is publicly access these attributes. So I go ahead and compile that. And then over here, I'm gonna say bob.getname. So I'm gonna go ahead and compile it. I'm gonna run it and now I can see name Robert. So notice we are not directly accessing this string because it's private. We are directly accessing this method because it is public. So that is the difference between public and private. Now again, as I mentioned, I could have done name here because this name is the only one and it refers to this name. Now, interestingly, this is private. But because I'm inside the same class, I can directly access this value. I'm gonna go ahead and put this here anyway. So this is only used inside of a particular class to access that class's attributes. So let me do this one more time. So what I did here was I created a new person object called bob and it's a new person. This is blank. I'm gonna explain that in a minute. I have set the name and I have printed the name by using the set here and the get here. Let's go ahead and do the same thing for age. Now notice the pattern. Setters are void because they don't return anything. So public void set age int age. Yeah, you just gotta memorize the pattern. This dot age equals age and then public int get age blank or empty is return this dot age. Again, don't forget to compile it. Now I'm using genie. You might be using something different but this is what I tend to use. And then I'm gonna go ahead and do the same thing. Say bob dot, that's a z, not shift. Set age. Notice that equals its parentheses. And then I'm gonna do system.outprintbob.get age. Okay, so let's compile that, run it. And you can see it works exactly like it did the first time when name and age were private. So so far we've gotten the absolute basics of a class attributes and some basic behaviors. In this case, setters and getters. Okay, so setting the value of a particular attribute. The attributes again are private. So we can't access them directly. This is good object oriented programming standards. And then we have getters which allow us to pull that information back. So we've covered quite a few things here. We've already done attributes. We talked about public versus private. We've done behaviors such as getters and setters and note they are public. We've done instantiation. Now we're gonna look at constructors. Now these two concepts, constructors and instantiation are kind of related. And a constructor is a special type of method that is called one particular time. So when I create an instance. So when I create this Bob instance, this constructor method is called. I'm gonna show you that here. So I'm gonna say system.out.print. I am a constructor. Dot dot dot here, or I'm gonna compile it. Okay, I'm gonna come over to here and I'm gonna compile this again just for good measure and I'm gonna run it. So you see what happened here. I am a constructor. Hear me roar, name Robert, age 25. Did I put print or print line? Print it. Let's go ahead and do that one more time so it's a little more clear. So when I run this and I create an object, this special method is called and that is why you're gonna see that extra line of text printed. I am a constructor. Hear me roar. And then everything else works exactly the same. Now, of course, we probably wouldn't do this. But what we would do is something like the following. We can leave that there. I'm gonna put a second constructor and I'm gonna call this string name int age. I'm gonna say this dot name equals name. This dot age equals age. I'm gonna compile it. Okay, now notice we have two constructors. We have a kind of blank empty constructor and we have a constructor with two values, two parameters, a string called name and an int called age. And what this means is we can do something like the following, say person su equals new person. And we'll say her name is Susan and her age is 30, for example. So what happens in this particular case? Okay, Susan gets sent to here. 30 gets sent to here. And then they are assigned to here. So this becomes Susan and then this one becomes 30 in this particular case. So I'm gonna go ahead and copy this and I'm gonna change that to su. Change that to su. Okay, so I'm gonna go ahead and compile it and run it. And you can see here I've got Robert age 25 and I got Susan age 30. So what this lets us do, you can see there's two different ways. I can instantiate my object with no parameter in which case name is null as I showed you earlier and age is zero. And then I can set the attributes one by one like this or now with my new constructor, I send a string and an int in that order. It's very important. This is actually called the signature. So the signature here is name or sorry, is string and int. And then I add to apply those values or update those values to that particular object using this. Again, I could do something like instead of this, I could do like my name. You'll see this pattern and I could do name equals my name and it works pretty well. So I could do it like that. Again, I personally prefer this style because it's very clear. I don't have to get confused about this name, that name, my name, new name, et cetera, et cetera. As long as I use this, it helps me keep organized. I know that this applies to the attributes of this particular class. Let me go ahead and compile that again.  It helps me avoid stuff like that. So let's go ahead and compile it and over here you can see how. Now we have different ways of instantiating a particular object, okay? Now I could also do something like this.  I could do this, I could just get rid of that. And let's say we don't know the person's age and it'll just be default to zero. So I could do something like person, Jason, who's new person, Jason. And now this is just a string. So it will go to this constructor instead of that constructor, instead of this constructor. So it's based on what's in here and that is called signature. So I'm gonna go ahead and compile that. I'm gonna go ahead and run that. Let's see, actually let's go ahead and do jason.setAge. Make Jason a little bit older. And then down here, make this jason.getName and jason.getH. So I'm gonna compile it, I'm gonna run it and you'll see how that works. So we've got different ways of doing these things based on different ways of instantiating an object based on the way we create the constructor. And there's more that we can do in these things but this is a pretty good overview of how classes are created, of how objects are instantiated. And what's nice about this is if we decided later to add a different thing. So private, let's say string, I'll say blood type. And I choose blood type because I live in Asia and blood type's a big thing over here. So by adding that, automatically, the Bob, Sue and Jason object get that attribute. Now we have to set it and everything like that but a space is created in memory for that information to go there. Now I'm gonna delete that because we don't need that but you get hopefully the idea. Then I need to create setters and getters for blood type et cetera, et cetera. And then I can start playing with the signature here and the constructor, adding blood type et cetera, et cetera. Did you notice I like the word et cetera, et cetera. So let me just go back to the coding concepts. And so what we looked at today were attributes of a class, public versus private. And again, you can have public attributes. It's just not considered good object-oriented programming practice, especially if you're an AP student. AP expects you to make your attributes private and they do take off points for that. So be careful there. Talk about constructors. Constructors can have no arguments. They can have one argument. They can have two arguments. However you wanna do it. Behaviors and we looked at setters and getters today. And we can of course have other methods, other behaviors. That's what makes object-oriented programming very powerful. But yeah, that's something we looked at today. And just try to, and also we looked at instantiation which is creating objects. But one thing, just keep in mind there's a certain pattern for these things. So attributes, private type name, private type name. Constructor, we can have an empty constructor like kind of the default constructor with no attributes. We can have one attribute or one parameter sent to it. We can have two parameters. It's really up to us as a programmer what we wanna do. And then the behaviors, generally speaking, we have setters and getters for most of our attributes. And again, this is the Java standard way of doing things. So anyway, hopefully that gave you a little bit of an idea of how object-oriented programming works. You may not get an idea of exactly how you wanna apply it, but this is the format for a basic class in Java. So notice we didn't use static here because static doesn't really work with objects. It has a different usage. The only static we have is over here with our public static void main. But it's something you can mix and match, but that's a bit more advanced. So hopefully for beginners, this gives you a little bit of an idea of how to create a class for an object, how to instantiate those objects, different ways, how to set attributes, how to get attributes, and just kinda how to play around a little bit with objects. So hopefully in part two, I'll get to some day. We'll talk a little bit about inheritance and a couple other things that you might need to know. Okay, so anyway, I'm Tokyo EdTech, keep on coding.


marine ecosystems, the estuaries, first the contents, the definition of estuaries, productivity of estuaries, plants and animal life present in estuaries, an impact of human on the estuarine water. So the estuaries, estuaries are actually the places where marine and freshwater they meet with each other. So we can say the estuaries are actually the places where marine water is diluted or the salt concentration is diluted. In simple words, if we talk, different rivers where they flow ultimately will be a part of an ocean, a part of a sea. So the position on which the river or any other water, fresh water body will go and meet with the ocean where the waters are located, the specific location is called the estuaries. So if we look at the estuaries, then in the estuaries, fresh water and marine water are mixed up. I mean, here fresh water and marine water are the two properties where they meet. That is why the animals, that is, the salt or marine water in the estuarine environment do not exist. In this way, the salt in the fresh water is also diluted. So it is actually the ideal environment for the aquatic organisms. The productivity of estuarine waters, if we talk about estuarine waters, they have very high productivity. So the productivity here is very high. Different types of algae are growing there. Different types of algae are present. Different types of aquatic plants are growing there. Now if we look at the productivity in which algae plants are growing, why they are growing there? There are two reasons for that. Number one, the nutrients from the ocean are also coming along with the water waves or the tides. Similarly, the nutrients of fresh water, they are also coming along with the fresh water. So the nutrients on both sides are available here for the growth of different types of algae or the aquatic plants. So if we look at the diversity of animals and plants, so at this position, a great number of different types of algae are there. Different types of plants are there. The plants are there, mainly they are submerged or emerging plants. Different types of plants are growing here and they are making the vegetation. So the second one is about animals. If we talk about animals, different types of invertebrates are there. Different types of invertebrates if we talk about them, they are also called the nurseries of the different types of animals. So the nurseries are the ones where a huge number of organisms are growing. Because the estuarine water that is having highest diversity in the aquatic ecosystem, in the aquatic ecosystem, the diversity is found in the estuarine water. It means that large number of invertebrates are there, large number of vertebrates are there. In invertebrates, if we look at different types of invertebrates, molluscs, anelites, and other types of arthropods are there. Different types of peristations, crabs, shrimps, different types of fishes are there. So different types of fishes are there. Similarly, different types of birds are also there. So the birds who are feeding the fish are also present in the estuarine water. So what is the impact of human and estuarine water? They have exploited these estuaries. So what have these estuaries done to humans? They have exploited them. Now what are the estuaries done on different positions? Is it drained? Is it filled? Is it divided in different compartments? So that the fish can be harbored from there. So now when the natural system over-exploits it, ultimately they are being damaged by the human. So apart from this, the human is being designed for its recreational purposes. Because of which the estuaries are either damaged badly. So because of which the overall population of plants and animals is also decreasing there. The other impacts are the pollution caused by oil spillage. The pollution caused by oil spillage is present there. Especially when the oil is draining, the exploration of the oil near estuaries will have a direct impact on the estuarine flora and fauna. Similar to the estuarine. Now when the estuarine is drained, the flowing water will ultimately impact the life of the plants and animals present in the estuarine water. So the estuarine will kill the different types of plants and animals present there.


Ladies and gentlemen, I want to begin by stating that PF as a party will make history by being the first party to lose and bounce back to power. And this we are determined to achieve. Fellow countrymen, women, senior members of the party, the press and fellow countrymen. As the nation may already have been aware, the Gothic Front Central Committee held last weekend here in Los Angeles. And of course this meeting was chaired by our party president Dr. Edeka Chagwanungu. And all MCC's were present with only a few notables absent like Honor Goddevi's chairman who is still held in detention without reasonable cause to do so. And as a party we continue to demand that Honor Goddevi's chairman be released and we demand that justice prevails. It's amazing under the new dawn that one that was a victim in 2015 they are attempting to turn into a villain. But we are very confident that the judiciary will continue to rise to the occasion to make sure that justice is served. As resolved by the Central Committee I would like to inform the nation and our members that the Central Committee was highly cordial. Or the meeting was held in a highly cordial, insightful and respectful manner with a clear resolve by the leadership to address the many items that form the major part of the post-mortem report. As you remember the party had resolved to set up a post-mortem report committee which undertook its assignment and it was only in the last Central Committee that their report was being presented. Among the resolutions and developments arising from the Central Committee are as follows. Number one, the stepping down of Honor Goddevi's Moela as sector general of the party and also the stepping down of Honor Goddevi's Moela as chairman, national chairman of the party. The stepping down of two of our senior party members, the sector general Honor Goddevi's Moela and Honor Bongongam Cooper, the national chairman was done at the National Committee. The duo did this in the interest of the party and as a response to the call for the party to the brand. This is in no way or this in no way must be misconstrued to mean that the world members of the party have no value in the future of PF. I must state actually that there remain ordinary members of the Central Committee. Everyone in the party has a role to play and we all must complement one another and not carry an attitude of pointing fingers. What was done was done now and now our energies must be about the future. Also suffice to say there is no leadership vacuum in the party. The party president is around, the vice president is around, the deputy S.G. Honor Botinango is around until we have a transparent legitimate democratic process to the general conference that will eventually usher in a new leadership. So there is no vacuum. It is basically a democratic transition that we are going through that will usher in a new leadership at the general conference. Let me remind our members and also remind the German people. The German people thought by voting for PND the country will be united but see how deeply divided the country is becoming. We have a president who is overstretching his limit of everybody. His appointments say the other and when he speaks he says another thing. His arrogance, levels and true colors are shemfully being exposed by the dead. A president with no regard to whatsoever for the history of our nation and the contribution of our forefathers. He calls everyone who served as a click of thieves. Further dividing the nation. All this is because as P.F., we are too preoccupied with insulting each other at the expense of us providing credible checks and balances. We cannot see political capital. We cannot see the mistakes and point the German people in the right direction because they are insulting our blooms. And I want to state here that we will soon be taking disciplinary action against these grand old individuals calling themselves members of the party who will not heed to the directive that we are giving to them. They are staring on the blogs and everyone wants to make a name for themselves. We have the best insults and insults as if there is such a way within ourselves other than providing checks and balances towards or against the ruling party. We have not rebooted or readjusted ourselves to know what the people really want. Our relevant lies in being honest with ourselves and exercising maximum restraint in our conduct. We must be more willing to build other than to destroy. And inter-party discipline is here. How will we inspire the German people to even look in our direction if you can't be mature and disciplined to humble ourselves? The Germans now know their power and any party that seeks to take over government needs to carry a good character. The culture of pouring insults, outbursts on social media will only take us backwards. If you have an issue with someone and generally you are persuaded to confront a person, fix an appointment, talk to him or her about it. And as grown-ups in person, we shall not tolerate this degree of maturing among ourselves.