Thank you, so probably too many screens at the moment. My name is Oliver and today I'm going to be talking about Drushmake and Composer. I did have an alternative slide for this, which is Drushmake is Dead, Long lived composer. When I first started submitting this talk for Drupal conferences a couple of years ago, this statement wasn't technically accurate. I don't know it is. We were talking... === Dripwl Is anybody here using Dripall at the moment for things? Quite a few people, I'm cool. A few people, Peter is using Dripall 8 phones OK, cool. Also we were talking about composer, I guess most of us here are used to using composer. I've given this talk that had Dripall camps and group before... Composer for us was quite a new thing ond mae'r ddweud yn ymgyrch yn ysgolwyr, y cwmpôr erbyn i'n mynd i gyd? I'n mynd i'r gwaith o'r llwyddiadau, rydyn ni'n gwybod i'r ddweud yn ymgyrch. Ond Yrwyr Rhaglen 8 wedi'u llwyddiadau. Felly, rwy'n dechrau'n ddweud hynny. I'n cyfle i gyfferciwch wedi'i ymddangos Yrwyr Rhaglen 8. Rwy'n bach yn gwneud yr Yrwyr Rhaglen 8. Rwy'n bach yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch yn y mwyfyrdd. gan bod i wneud y gwaelio'r gwaed rai'r cynnig gan y sym fan iawn, a roedd y gwaelio'r gweld Laravel. Rwy'n credu'r gweld federmeig yn gyfar environ garaed y gweld ychynig'u'u cyffredinol sydd wedi flynydda ni i ddweud eich gweithio'r ddweud a yw'r gwaelio'r gwaelio. Dwi'n gwneud fel rhywbeth ffraith yn cyfar fan rai'r cymdeithasol ar gael. Roedd yn gilydd ar y gwaelio'r gwaelio'r gweld i Laravel, amgarwch drwy cael hyn i gael gweithio'r gwaelio. I've used quite a few Symphony components that have not made it for Drupal at that time, and a big proponent of using now of our collections in my code as well. So I'm one of the lead developers at a company called Microsoft. We're a Drupal specialist agency based in Bristol, and we're one of the largest specialist Drupal companies in the UK. Acria certified Drupal 8 Grandmaster, which sounds pretty cool. I've contributed to Drupal 7 and Drupal 8 core, and I maintain a number of Drupal modules and PHP libraries as well. I also co-organised the PHP Southwest user group in Bristol, also the Drupal Bristol user group, as well as the Drupal camp that we're doing in Bristol every year as well. So there's two goals, I guess, coming out of this talk. The first one comes from when I was doing this at Drupal events. If you're a Drupal person not using Composer, hopefully I can think of something in this talk that you should be doing it. But also if you're a PHP person, just to generalise a little bit too much, and you've maybe looked at Drupal maybe a couple of years ago, maybe you're not considering it for projects right now, hopefully you can change your mind on that as well. And either consider Drupal for your project or reconsider if you've decided not to use it at some point. So just in case people aren't familiar, I'm going to just cover a little bit about what Drupal is. So it's a PHP content management framework. So I don't necessarily tend to use the term CMS or content management system. I tend to refer to it as a content management framework because it's a tool for essentially building your own CMS. So everything is in your control. You can build your own content types, your own entities, your own fields, your own data structure, your own list pages. You're not locked in to a sort of a standard set of those things. It's completely flexible. It's completely up to you as the site builder to build what you want to use. It's open source. So all of the Drupal code is hosting on Drupal.org as well as all of the contributing modules and themes and distributions. Cafiat, most of them are hosted on there. That's sort of the official place. Some of them are hosted on GitHub primarily or other places. And again, most cases, those are sort of mirrored back to Drupal.org and people are pushing commits back and forth. But DDo is where like all the issue queues are and like that type of thing. All our contribution system is all hosted. It's modular. So you download core. Core gives you extra functionality out of the box. But if you want commerce, for example, I mentioned commerce quite a few times during this talk, you can download extra modules, install them, and that gives you more stuff. So essentially symphony bundles. It's the same sort of analogy. Distributions. So you can download Drupal core. When you install Drupal the first time, some of you will probably remember this, that you can see two options and you see minimal and you see standard and you pick which version you want to install. These are distributions. So you can install the minimal distribution and get the minimal amount of stuff and you build it all up from scratch or you choose the standard distribution and it gives you more out of the box, gives you your articles, content type, your pages, and some sort of same defaults and maybe nine times out of ten projects you can want to use. There are other distributions. So if you're building a social network, if you're building a magazine website, if you're building anything like that, various things that are pre-packaged versions you can use that already have modules that you'll need installed and pre-configured already for you. Again, we'll talk about those a little bit more as well. Prior to Drupal 8, the code was mostly procedural. So I think Drupal 6 on my side involved everything's procedural. So very word-pressy, I guess if I can say that. Drupal 7 started using object-oriented code in places. So the database abstraction layer was object-orientated, the migration modules were operated. Whereas in Drupal 8 we've gone very much in all-in on object-oriented code. So we got off the island, I guess it's the phrase that we use tend to use for Drupal 8. And we've adopted the principle of probably found elsewhere rather than not invented here. So we've been bringing in third-party code and using them as part of Drupal rather than writing everything ourselves. And likewise in the tooling that we use, so all of our issue queues are built using Drupal. Drushmake, which we're going to talk a lot about in a minute, is obviously primarily based for Drupal. And those things are sort of now being phased out and best practice energy standard tools sort of coming in. SimpleTest is another example. Should we get to it? Yes, Drupal 8 is awesome. So I do a slightly more Drupal sales pitch. Because of the tools that we've been using, it's object-orientated code, symphony code, composer, guzzle, PHP unit, we're using part of Zend, we're using parts of Doctrine, we're using Stack, we're using modern libraries rather than writing everything ourselves, which is pretty awesome. At the last count, according to the symphony project page, 16 symphony components used in Drupal 8, which is again pretty awesome. Again, if you know those components, you can then pick them up and then reuse them in Drupal. So reusable knowledge for me is a big, I think, almost side effect of us moving to object-orientated code. There's an example recently, a story. I sat with one of our developers the other week and we're implementing a feature in a Drupal 8 site where a user logs in. We check if they've accepted the terms and conditions of the website. If they have, we can just redirect them off to the home page or wherever we need to redirect them to. If they hadn't, we have to take them to the terms and conditions page for them to accept before we can proceed. So we had a checkbox, a boolean field onto the user object. That was what we were checking when they logged in. So what we ended up implementing was the first version was very sort of Drupal 7-ish. We then refactored it to be more modern using a service class, which we call a terms enforcer. That was responsible for all of our figuring out, do they have the box checked, do all that logic is encapsulated there, and then we just referenced that from the three or four entry points where we had to reference it from. So when they log in, when they register, I think there were two or three others as well. So using a service class or our service class approach, this is reusable because then I was working on some symphony code that night, took my laptop in to work the next day and said, this is what I've been doing in symphony. This is using exactly the same approach using service classes. So it's a slight difference as we're calling it from Drupal hooks rather than from within a controller, but the principle was exactly the same. I think it's that reusable knowledge now we're not just learning Drupal 7 like we would have been before, and learning about hooks and Drupal specific things. We're learning about techniques that can be reused across other projects and other frameworks. I think that's why we're seeing traditional sort of Drupal agencies now expanding and working with symphony and Laravel and other frameworks as well, and also vice versa. So I think that's pretty awesome. Drush. If anyone's not familiar with Drush, Drush is essentially the Drupal CLI. So it's the command line interface for Drupal. So if you're thinking of being a console for symphony or artisan for Laravel, the slight difference being it's not included with Drupal core, so it's hosted on GitHub rather than on Drupal.org. It's got its own release cycle. It's a sort of separate project. I think it was first released for Drupal 5 back in 2007, so even since before I was involved with the project at home. So there's a few different ways we can go by setting up Drupal projects, so I'm going to cover sort of all three of them. The first is download all the things, and I think this is how I started out, and I think most others do as well. It's just to go to Drupal.org, find the Drupal project page or the module page for the module that you want to install.  Drush does offer a DL command, so a download command, which sort of does the same thing for you, so you do Drush DL, path auto, and it sort of automates that step, and then you just commit everything into your one big repository and push it, and that's fine. That's great. It's probably the easiest way to set up, get set up initially, but I think in the long term probably more difficult to maintain. If you want to then update a module, you have to delete the whole files, and then you need to download the new files from scratch. You have to copy and paste and replace the existing files. So that can be quite time consuming and a little bit tedious. Another downside to this is then you've got Drupal core, you've got or you can trip codes or your extra modules and themes into your project repository as well, and vendor code as well if you're using Composer in that set up. Option two is Drushmake. Drushmake is a tool or technically an extension for Drush, which allows you to define your project as code. So the first version used sort of an INI, any style syntax. There's now a YAML version as well. So you can use it to create your own projects, or you can use it to create reasonable distributions. So those distributions I mentioned before, like commerce kickstart for example, is using a Drushmake file to say which modules that distribution includes. So this is an example, so this is using the INI syntax. We call the file myprojectsomething.make. We start by defining the API version and version of core. So this is from Drupal 7, and we can start listing our projects. So the first thing we want to list is Drupal itself. We can define it as being core, and then specify the version, so in this case we're using 751. We can expand on that and then pull in additional projects. So path-automodule allows for automatically generating human readable paths. So we can install that. We can install version 1.3. And if for example the best practice, at least the way I prefer to do things, is to put all my contrib modules in a directory called contrib, and then likewise my custom modules in a directory called custom. So we can do that by specifying subdo, and also if we want to apply patches, we can apply patches using the patch key. Then once you've got that, we can then run drushmake, far name, output directory. So build dribblebrussel.make and then output that into a directory called build. And it gives you this output, so it tells you that it's running, then just lists the files that it downloads for you. This is great until you try to rebuild it. So you add another module, or you add a new theme, or you update something. You think, okay, I'll just run drushmake again, and it tells you that the path already exists, and then exits with an error code. This is not great. So a few limitations of drushmake. It's dribble specific, so this was fine. I mean this was a great solution for a few years ago before composer really joined the party. I prefer to use composer, use the modern sort of tooling. You need to use multiple repositories, or at least I have been when I've used this setup before. So by drushmake file lives in one Git repository, my custom modules go into another repository, custom themes likewise, and everything else. And then once it's actually built, I go into another repository. So we've now got three or four things depending on how complex your project is, which is technical debt, I guess, in a way, but just hard to maintain going forward. It kind of dates existing build. You just saw that. That's quite annoying. And you need to run an extra sort of step, as I compile it, so you maybe have to use Jenkins as some sort of CI tool. When you push an update to your make file, it pulls your other modules in, and it downloads everything again, pushes it to another repository, and that's the one that gets deployed. And also you need to define specific versions. So if you recall, we're saying install Drupal 7.54, or path auto 1.3 is going to be very specific, and then that's the version it installs. If you want to install the next version, you have to increase the number by one and rerun to the whole process again, which is not great. So Drushmake is not a dependency manager. It's just a tool that passes your file and just automates the downloading of things. So I'm not quite sure who actually said this quote. I recall it from somewhere. I think it was Ryan from Commerce Guys, but I might be wrong. But somebody said if you're not using a dependency manager, you're the dependency manager. So it's up to me or whoever's building the site to figure out which versions work with which other versions and make sure everything fits together. And I don't want that responsibility, really. Okay. I've got a very short video for Drushmake. Let's see if we can get this to work. We are going to see. There we are. I think this is a bad idea. So we're going to start just by cutting out the make file. So in this case it's called myproject.make. We've got the same content in that we had before. We can then run Drushmake project, name the directory. It's just going to start to begin the project, download the things that we want to tell it to download, and we can just open it in an editor and see what it's done. That's pretty much what it does. So let me find my speaker notes again. There we are. It doesn't matter. Okay. So the point that makes this talk a little bit more relevant again is the Drushmake extension was removed in Drush9, so it's no longer there, and it's been deprecated in favour of Composer. Actually, you want to look through the commit logs for Drush, and it says, don't replace Drushmake with Composer. So option three is Composer. Again, Drupal 8 loves Composer. So again, I'm still going to put a slide in and explain a little bit what Composer is in case it doesn't know, which is fine. So it's a dependency manager for PHP, so we specify which versions we want to use or minimum versions of. Composer then figures out which versions are compatible based on what we give it. So we don't need to figure that out. Composer can do that for us. Downloads packages into a vendor directory. Not 100% true. We'll get to that in a minute, but that usually does. It downloads packages from one or more repositories, so this is pretty important for this setup. Obviously, the main repository, the default repository is Packagist. Drupal.org exposes its own endpoints. There was a Drupal Packagist, which is a separate repository that was around for a while. That was then deprecated once the actual Composer package was put in place on Drupal.org, so we can add more than one repository, which we'll see in a minute. The cool thing is that we can actually ignore Drupal core entirely because we can install it as a dependency. We can remove all of our contrib code, so we don't need to put all of our contributory modules into our repository, and all of our vendor code also can be ignored. So we have less files in our repository, which means we can clone it faster, which is great. If we're doing code reviews, then we get smaller code reviews because we don't get a commit that says updated core and then we get 1,000 files or so changed, however many GitLab can show us. That also means that the team will spend less time in code reviewing because there's less to code review. We can not have to work around the files we want to ignore because they're not there. The team then can be more focused on just reviewing what we need to review, so i.e., all the custom code that we've written. We're able to provide minimum-required versions, so rather than dresch-make, we have to install 1.3. We can say with Composer we want to install 1.3 plus, and then every time we want to run a Composer install or an update, it's going to then figure out for us which the versions that fit together. So there's less of a maintenance cost involved here because we don't have to manually update 1.3 to 1.4, so Composer figures that out for us, which is nice. So it's an example of using Composer to require Sylex because, again, once we did this at a triple cam, people hadn't seen this before. Again, I'm assuming this is familiar to most people. We can say Composer requires Sylex and because Sylex depends on Pimple, installs that as well. So again, dresch-make because it's not a dependency manager, you could say install path auto and it would just download path auto. Path auto has dependencies, but dresch-make doesn't know that, so you have to be specific and give it every module that you want to install. Composer doesn't. That's in our Composer JSON file. This is what we get by running the command. I think we all know this already. So Composer in Drupal specifically. Drupal 8 uses Composer for all this dependency management. As I mentioned, we're pulling code from symphony, Zend, Stack, Doctrine, etc. This is all done using Composer and also also loading. It's all done through Composer. So the first versions of Drupal 8, so Drupal 8.0.0, something, still had the vendor directory in call. It's no longer there, which is awesome. We figured out that also loading problem. So Drupal 7, which is still around, still supportive, still stable and will be for some time, does not use Composer at all because there's no need for it at the moment. I guess so we're not pulling in aids of dependencies from third parties really, or if we are, we're using modules like Composer Manager or X Auto Load, which gives you sort of PSR4 level auto loading, all modules like libraries, which sort of tries to do what Composer does, but you reference libraries explicitly and it's still up to you to put them into the right place and sort of manage them. So now we sort of had a crash course or crash reminder on Composer. How do we use code to build Drupal? So there's two ways we could do this. There's a package called Drupal Drupal, which is available on Packagist, which is just call. There's also a Drupal Composer, Drupal Composer Drupal project, which is not maintained by the core maintainers. It's a separate project, by some of the core maintainers, but it's not an official Drupal project. And that includes core as a dependency. I'll talk about that in a moment. So both of these we can install with Composer Create Project because they're both on Packagist, so we can require Drupal Drupal. We can say we're going to require at least 8.4, so we're on 8.4.4, I believe, right now. Or we can use Composer Create Project and we can use Drupal Composer Drupal project. Try saying that 10 times really fast. Again, give it a site name and set the stability level, et cetera. So let's just compare those two. So Drupal Drupal is, let's say, minimal, like just core. So no extras or anything in there. And you get core at the root level of that project. The Drupal Composer project is different and it uses its own Composer JSON and rather than... It's right. So the original one is going to install core as the root of the center of your project. The Drupal Composer Drupal project doesn't. It requires core as a dependency of that project and then all of your extra ones are dependencies of that. So rather than us altering core's Composer JSON file, but altering our project's Composer JSON file, which to me seems a lot more sensible. So this is sort of similar to Symphony's Gallatin, I guess, in some way. The other big advantage is the Drupal Composer Drupal project is available for Drupal 8 and also for Drupal 7. So again, Composer natively in core is only for Drupal 8, not Drupal 7, but if you want to go down this route, we can do Drupal 7 with Composer and pulling all dependencies that way, which is great. So imagine there's dependencies. As I said, we can install Drupal.org where all the modules are hosted and the themes are hosted, exposes an endpoint. So there's a subdirectory called packages.drupal.org. We can install that as a repository into our Composer JSON file. The Drupal Composer Drupal project does this for us, but we can also do it manually if you want to go down the other path. And then we get this in our Composer JSON file again. Obviously, this is for Drupal 8, because it's Slash 8. If you want to see this for Drupal 7, it would be Slash 7. So configuring paths. So traditionally, all of your libraries and you saw things by Composer go into a vendor directory. Awesome. This uses a plug-in called Composer Installers, and it means that we can put things where we want to put them, and also where Drupal expects them to be. So if you're installing a contributed module, Drupal will expect or Drupal 8, at least in respect of that to being the modules directory. If you're doing it in a Drupal 7 project, it'll be sites slash something slash modules. And again, sort of best practice will say if it's a contrib module, so one that's available on Drupal.org, it goes modules contrib module name. If it's a custom module, modules custom or modules sites slash modules custom. Likewise for themes, themes contrib, themes custom. And again, profiles that we're going to install, commerce kickstart as a profile or any others. We can install that into the profiles directory. And it does this using the type key. So within each module to compose a JSON file, there's a type, and the type can be Drupal module or Drupal profile Drupal theme. And because of that, it's put into the right directory, and Drupal can find it. Which is awesome. So once you've got that in place, we can use Composer to require Drupal modules and themes. So we've now got the Drupal slash namespace available. So again, it's not from packages, it's coming from Drupal.org. Because we've added the repository, we can then pull this in. So in this case, we can say we've gone to install the path-automodule again. We can install at least 1.0, because this is a slightly old slide. And then, yeah, this is going to install the path-automodule. But as I said, path-autom has dependencies. So path-autom relies on token, and path-autom relies on C-tools. And because we're using Composer now, Composer knows that and downloads us for us. Oh, that's hanged. So we've removed two lines on our file, essentially. But less mental overhead for us, because Composer knows these things. Awesome. Also, Drupal modules may have dependencies that are not other Drupal modules. So commerce is, again, a very good example of this. Commerce, guys, is one of the big drivers, I guess, of Composer. So when they started to rewrite Drupal commerce for Drupal 8, they started literally from scratch. But then, rather than keeping all of their business logic for writing things like addresses and tax, keeping that within all of the Drupal modules, they decided to write php-libraries that they could then reuse so that their modules now are very small and they're just referencing the libraries they've already written, which are available on packages using the commerce, guys, namespace, which is great for them, because then we can then reuse those libraries in Drupal and, I think, Foxy Cart and Magento and other commerce projects. But, yes, this is great. So by requiring the Drupal address module, it knows that we need to pull in the commerce guys addressing library, and it will just do that for us. Adding themes. So we can have, if you want us to decide to look nice, to install a theme. We do that exactly the same way. So in this case, we're going to install a theme called omega, and it's going to be this omega-5 patching. So occasionally, we have to patch things. We can do this by installing the composer patches plugin. Excuse me. And then within our composer JSON file, within the extra key, we can just define patches. Start by just telling it which project we're going to make a patch. So Drupal-Drupal, in case of core, we give it a short description and then a link to the patch that we want to pull in. So this one's coming from an issue queue on Drupal.org. So it's node 1543, et cetera, which is cool. But we can also pull in local patches, which I found quite recently. So if you're working on a project and you need to patch something that's only specific for you, you can keep that patches directory in your repository and pull them in that way, which is great. Updating. So again, I think this is a lot of people here should sort of know this, I guess. So we can use composer install to update local code. Oh, that's the wrong one. So we can compose install to update the versions then composer.lock, and then we can use composer install to install them from the lock file. Yeah, those are backwards. That's not good. It's great. So it just means to install our Drupal, to update our Drupal project, we can just then use compose update command. And then also, I think with dependencies is default, but I tend to include it anyway. This will go through our whole project and just update everything. And then once we've done that, we can then just use composer install to install everything. Okay, another demo. Let's see if I can remember to do this this time. Composer. We can see that. Okay, so in this case, we're going to install a Drupal 8 site completely from scratch. So we're going to use the composer create project command, pull in the Drupal composer Drupal project project. We're going to call it myDrupal site and set the stability as we were doing before. Cool. So in a second, you can see that it's installing everything. It's created that myDrupal site directory. It's pulling in all of our packages, all the symphony projects, guzzle, as we see in there, twig, defydev, PHP documenter, PHP unit for unit testing now, behat, Zen framework, doctrine, cache, Drupal core itself. That one takes a few seconds. I didn't do that for dramatic pause. I want to just done that. And there's another project called Drupal scaffold, which we'll create, if you can see at the bottom here, create a sites default settings.php and also a sites default files directory. So these are files that we need to create in order for Drupal to sort of run, I guess. And then the settings of PHP is where you put your database credentials and everything if people don't know. So Drupal scaffold does that for us. That runs by using a composer script on post install, which is great. Cool. So once that's run, I can see it into that directory. And I think we're going to open this up first in Sublime to see what's going on. We can see that it's created this whole directory structure for us. So it's kept, so it's installed Drush as part of its dependencies as well, which is awesome. We have some composer scripts. We have a vendor directory where it's installed all the vendor packages. This is also great because it's outside of the doc route, which is great for security as well. Drupal lives within the web directory. And we can see that this probably have no contrib modules at all because we haven't installed any. So what we'll do next, we'll try to open this up in a browser. And any second now, we should have a Drupal 8 site pop up. Any second now. There we go. So this is the Drupal 8 install page. This is Drupal 8 for 4. We can choose our language because Drupal 8 is really awesome for multilingual as well. These are the standard installation profiles, so we're going to use standard in this case. We're going to put in our database credentials. I've got re-secure credentials for this one. It's all done within Docker containers, so I can just set them to Drupal Drupal. But also I'm running it with a DB container, so I need to set that as the host. And a second is Drupal's going to install. Fast hold a little bit there. Takes a few minutes to run normally. 40 modules are sold in the standard profile, so that takes a few minutes. And then once this is running, we can start configuring the site. Give it our site name of admin. I wouldn't suggest using admin on production, but locally it's fine. Put in my passwords and configure our time zones and then just go ahead and continue. Any second now, right. Today we have Drupal 8 installed. Awesome. So, yeah, we haven't, all we've had to run to do this is just run one command, which was composed of a require Drupal project. Awesome. We can click on the extend button in the navbar. These are our modules that we've got installed. Currently we've only got core modules if we search for path also we don't have one and we haven't told it to install it. But what we can do is run composer require Drupal slash path auto. Like you've already seen, this will go to Drupal.org, trying to download path auto. Also install the dependencies for path auto. So we should see C tools and we should see token. Any second now. Okay, so we can see token and we can see C tools and we can see path auto. Awesome. So, yeah, if we go back to splime, we go into our web directory, modules, we have a new contrib directory and we get our three modules. We go back to our Drupal site and we can refresh the page and search again, search for path auto. We don't have path auto. We can go ahead and enable it. We can install it. Awesome. We have a Drupal site. So, real examples. So, the Drupal Bristol websites of the Drupal Bristol user group all hosted on GitHub. This is, we use the Drupal composer Drupal project to maintain our website so we can go there and check by there. So, yeah, I guess in summary, Drupal is awesome. Composer is also awesome. Use them both together. More modules and more distributions are moving to composer. So, as I said, commerce is a very big proponent composer because of their own, they're pulling out their own libraries. Other modules, so MailChimp comes to mind, pulls in the MailChimp API for PHP from ThinkChimp and city API Solar will pull in the Solarium, I'm saying that right, library, there are others. It's a definite trend of Drupal modules doing less and Drupal PHP libraries doing more and those being pulled into Drupal. Distributions, so, as I said, Drupal DrushMake is the default way or has been for defining our distributions to install. This also is changing because Drush has gone away, DrushMake has gone away in Drush9. And we're seeing distributions like AcryLightning, a hosted on GitHub because Drupal.org doesn't yet support composer-based distributions. But AcryLightning is one of the new hotnesses at the moment, is hosted on GitHub and used as packageist and is available on packageist within the AcryLightning space. This is a definite trend of that being happening more and more. I guess, in my opinion, using composer enforces best practice, so we don't have to go and just have taken over projects before and then update module X and module X has been hacked because they want to change the ordering of something and then updating the module breaks everything. So, we can't do that anymore if you don't have that in what I would do. People generally can't do that anymore because that module doesn't exist in the repository. So, we have to then start writing patches for those modules and I guess a bi-project of that would increase contribution. So, again, big open source thing around Drupal and contributing to core and modules. If you've written a patch to fix a problem already, then why not just submit that patch to Drupal.org and back to the whole project. There's quite the interesting thing recently about Drupal.org issue queues is that if you're working on issues on behalf of a company, you can tag both yourself and the company that you work for and also clients that you work for if they're on those organisations and everybody gets credit for doing that and then one of the bi-projects of that is there's a marketplace listing and the marketplace listing is ordered by how much contribution people have done. So, the company, I think the company, the companies will get better exposure in place like that marketplace because they're contributing more as well as deaf happiness, et cetera, et cetera. So, yes, huge composer. Some resources, so obviously get composer is where we get composer. Symphony.com projects Drupal. This is Drupal's project based on Symphony where it outlines the components that we're currently using. This documentation page is on Drupal.org that explains how to do more or less what I've just already shown. This is the GitHub link to the Drupal composer project.


then hopefully after the year of sale or purchase, whichever side of the transaction you're on, it should be fairly easy because then you're just going to be dealing with the property taxes and you're going to be dealing with the mortgage, which includes the mortgage interest, most of which will be reported by the financial institution, at least the mortgage interest possibly even the property taxes if you're paying it through them, otherwise you track the bills for the property taxes. So prepayments of next year's property taxes. So we noted when do you deduct things for income taxes typically on a cashed-based system when you pay them. So you might get the bright idea of, well, hey, look, I made more money this year than I'm going to make next year. Why don't I prepay the next five years of property tax this year, deduct it all this year when I'm in a higher tax bracket and then next year when I'm in a lower tax bracket that'll be work out for me for my taxes. But the IRS is going to be skeptical of that kind of things, the manipulation. That's why the cashed-based system, by the way, is not the preferred system used by corporations. And we have auditors and audits and whatnot to make sure that people aren't manipulating the cutoff dates by manipulating cash flow, for example, because it distorts the financial statements, right? So same thing happens here. Cash basis is the easiest way to do it. That's what we're on. It's the easiest. We don't need audits or, you know, like a standard audit of financial statements to figure it out. It's simple to do.  And the IRS, of course, is going to try to come up with rules to stop that, right? So that's the idea. So only taxes paid in 2023


Good evening. My name is Peter Sharusia. I'm the editor of the Drug Reporter website and the director of the Rights Reporter Foundation. Thank you for joining our new live video show today. We hope this will be the first episode of a series. So we launched this series to show the world how this current COVID-19 crisis affects the most marginalized groups of our society, such as people who use drugs. Our guests here today are helping these people in the front lines. So let me introduce our guests. I have the pleasure to have Dominic Jacekova from Bratislava, Slovakia here, from the Harvard Action NGO, Odysales. Hello, everyone. We have David Pesek from Prague, Czech Republic, who is leading the Contact Center of Samanim, which is the largest drug service provider in the Czech Republic. Hi, David. Hello. Nice to be here. And I hope soon we will be joined by Pavel Ben, who is the former mayor of Prague, and as well a community psychiatrist. Hello. Yeah, we have Pavel here, hi Pavel, and thank you again for being available and joining us now. So before we start to speak about the epidemic itself and its effects, can you guys please tell me before what did you do before the crisis happened and what kind of services did you provide for vulnerable people? How was your life before the epidemic? Okay, let's start with Dominika. Hello, everyone again. Thanks for invitation, Peter. So, Odysales is an organization based in Bratislava, and we are basically a harm reduction service provider. We provide needle exchange outreach in Bratislava streets and also we have dropped in the only open drug scene called Pentagon in Bratislava. And apart from the exchange we are providing this typical services, harm reduction services like testing for Hep C HIV or syphilis counseling, also social assistance services, where we are accompanying our clients to police hospitals, and other services. And also last year we started with social assistance to doctors by car for disabled clients. And apart from this we work also with young people in the environment of parties and festivals. There was a lot even without this crisis, so there was a lot of workload on you. Okay, so let's go to Pavel. Can you explain us how was your life before the epidemic? Can we start with David to introduce the synonym activities and interventions and then just I might probably add something from my perspective. So, go ahead, David. Well, before the crisis we were in a regular crisis mode as it's as it's usual for the NGO sector in Czech Republic. So, like always we are struggling for financing for some stable financing for our services and trying to advocacy toward broader amount of possibilities for our clients for people who use drugs. And that's something we are advocating for for many years and we are trying also to be as progressive as we can. Synonym NGO is founded in 1990 right after the Velvet Revolution and we are probably the biggest provider of drug services in Czech Republic, meaning from harm reduction services from outreach work from really low threshold facilities. Also, we provide OST, we provide all kinds of counseling, ambulance care, we have therapeutic communities, aftercare, some social enterprise, and so on. So the services we provide are a lot, we have more than 6000 clients per year. And yeah, we exchange almost two millions of needle and syringes in one year and I could say more and more numbers but let's keep it. Very impressive, very impressive especially looking from Hungary that you would change two million needles a year. That's quite a lot. Pavel, do you have anything to add? Yes, if I may add, I think synonym represents probably 25, maybe 30% of the overall HR interventions in the country, including the needle exchange schemes and HIV and hepatitis C testing. So my understanding is that, as David said at the beginning, the financial management of HR services is a crucial one, however, in the Czech Republic, we have been able in the past 20 years to stabilize the system in a way of the economic source, financial management, that means that from various sources including the municipal and the state and some sponsors, the money are covering the activities in quite well status. Certainly COVID pandemic and the state of irregular word, which we are now just placed in, is changing everything but this is Peter something probably which you will open next time. I should also say that I am a COVID positive, so I'm in quarantine as David said 10 minutes ago and fortunately I am absolutely healthy, I don't feel anything, I don't have any symptoms. Probably I'm one of those, probably many, of many of those who are undergoing through the asymptomatic progress of the disorder of the infection and I hope it will stay during the time and I even might be currently immune and I might be one of those who underwent the infection in very early stage and could let's say share some of my experience, how do I see the pandemic from the HR perspective. Thank you very much and I'm sorry to hear that you are living with the COVID virus now. I'm fine, I'm glad to hear that you have no symptoms, I hope it will stay this way. So what we see on social media you will see that how this crisis affects middle class people like self isolation and staying home and you hear this message a lot, but how does this crisis affect people who live on the street, marginalized people who use drugs, those people who you work with on the street. Can you speak about that, like how did this epidemic and the lockdown change the way of life of people living on the street? Dominic, can you speak about that in Bratislava? So if we are speaking about the drug market or drug supply until now, we don't see any difference. Our clients are not reporting any of this but we heard something from the other organizations working mostly with homeless people in the old town that they experienced. Lack of supply but like to us it hasn't gotten yet, but I think that it's a question of a few weeks, like I think that it's too soon. Here that is still quite too early. But what we see in our services and it's that our clients are really in need for food and water. Before we were not providing hot meals or this type of services because our clients, they didn't need that much but now we feel that it's real issue and real struggle to get to the water and to food. Because due to the closure of almost everything, they lost, they cannot even enter to shopping centers to maybe go to the toilet or drink water and also they lost their ways of earning money. Some people were maybe earning money by selling things on the streets or begging people so they don't have money and they don't have also food and water. This is what we see like a real struggle right now and also the lack of protective gear. But I think it's like it's normal in this situation because there is lack also normal market and also the protective gear and one more thing. And also the disinfection of hands or the hygiene, like it's really difficult to do a basic hygiene for them. So we are also providing some disinfection girls or things. Is it the same in Prague, David? Peter, have you ever been in Prague? Of course. So we of course know that Prague is like a really, really touristic city, people all around sightseeing, all the culture and history in the center, we have plenty of that. Now imagine a really empty city with no tourists, everybody at home and just people who use drugs and homeless people on the streets. So it's a completely different view of the city these days. And now imagine that a lot of these people are used to because of their poor situation are used to back the tourists and people for some money for some food or looking in the trash for finding some junk, finding some cigarettes on the streets and now there's nothing. So our people are really used to live in a crowded city and now the city is empty, so that's the biggest difference. And now you hear from the TV from everybody, go home, be with your relatives, stay safe, which is like if you don't have these values, it's totally stressful to hear all the day how you should be at the home with your closest people when all you have is the street and really no relatives. So it's tough times, it's tough times for the whole community and we are really struggling a lot and trying to help. So one of the biggest things is finding some sheltering and the other thing is the OSD because imagine closed borders, so there's much less of substances, much less trafficking of heroin, much less trafficking of precursors to make to cook crystal meth and things like this. So the drug market is getting more expensive because there is less substances on the market and the most vulnerable group of the community is much more poor than they were in the in the past. So there's like a huge gap getting huge, huge disbalance. And that's, that's really key issue nowadays, how to help people with this issue we really need to get much bigger OSD opioid substitution treatment. So we are also thinking about stimulant substitution treatment because we are one of the biggest consumers of methamphetamine in Europe. So that's the, and I could talk about more and more things but these are the two biggest. Sara, do you think that these changes in the drug market will be long term changes or everything will just go back to normal after the lockdown is over. So the drug market is able to find the way to the sources of new substances, new channels, excuse me, new channels very rapidly so my guess is that we will probably observe the changes in the channels and interventions actually and measures of black market and drug supply. But currently is the description provided by David is absolutely precise. So I think we are really just now confronted with the fact that for the first time in the history, the borders are really closed. And the traditional or standard channels and chains of the black market is affected significantly. And it brings a lot of risks from the public health perspective in services we are delivering to our clients. So, probably, I think in the first time in the history of modern history I mean of our country, we have been seriously discussing two days ago or three days ago. Should we convince the Czech government in order to open the space for the legitimate and not off label, but standardized substitution treatment within the low threshold and HR services with the legal and simulant like substances for, let's say 35 users of metamphetamine in the Czech Republic and I'm talking about Ritalin and strutter and dex amphetamine. Certainly, all these substances are somehow and very quite more and more common manner used in off label. That means that I would be prescribing for certain clients based on my assessment in terms of minimizing the risk and standardize the client. But openly, I would hardly be able to advocate for this within the, for example, the medical chamber within the ethical commission of the public health service providers. So, this is one of aspects which from my perspective is an open window or a challenge. So, I totally agree with David that the drug supply and the black market is changing. And part of this change are risks of new synthetic drugs with unknown quality with higher mortality and morbidity risks. The other aspect is the need to search for interventions which could somehow substitute some of services which are limited by the restrictions. So, our low threshold treatment centers, contact centers, drop in centers and outreach is providing the needle exchange schemes, but the additional services like counseling, for example, etc. are limited and to certain extent restricted or even banned by the government. So, we are trying to search for some alternatives. What, from certain perspective, the, for example, substitution treatment with very low threshold as far as opiate users are concerned, or substitution treatment through Ritalin, Strattara, Dexanphetamine, substitution for stimulant users. And this is exactly something that we are confronted with and trying to get through the system. So, we can say actually that this epidemic also opens some new possibilities to break down some of the barriers which actually were unnecessary even before the crisis. David, you sign all that you want to add something to that? Just one little note. This gap, this dangerous gap can be the biggest risk. We are afraid of raising of new psychoactive substances, which can, which can be used for stimulant users, like this alpha PVP, catenones and all this stuff. Someone could also use this gap on the black market to bring some fentanyl and some other potent opioids. So, this is the biggest risk and the biggest challenge and the biggest opportunity we should take now and advocate toward the government is to make the substitution treatment as most available as possible. And that can be now a strong opportunity to do this because the situation can get really dangerous. Yeah, well, let's look at Slovakia because Slovakia was not as progressive in terms of harm reduction as the Czech Republic. And Dominika, what do you think is this crisis also gives you a new window of opportunity to maybe to change the process of OST and to maybe to broaden OST programs and how did it change the way, how it is, how it is, how it is possible now? To be honest, I don't really think that there will be a possibility to advocate for OST or for broader use of OST. The OST is quite problematic in Slovakia and we are not as progressive as our neighbors from Czech Republic and basically the OST is not available really in most of the cities in Slovakia, to be honest. The methadone program is available just in two big cities, in two centers for the treatment. And then the Suboxone or Nalox is available theoretically in every psychiatric clinic or ambulance, but we know that the psychiatrists they don't want to prescribe this treatment and it's really difficult to actually find one. So this is a really difficult task. And also like last year we faced really crisis because there was a lack of Suboxone in Slovak market and we were getting phone calls or mails from people all around Slovakia which had jobs, kids, it's home like people completely integrating society and they were calling us like what they can do like they have treatment just for two weeks and then there is nothing in Slovakia and the doctors they know nothing and it was really difficult. And the situation was that we had like two distributors of this treatment and the Slovakia is small market. So one distributor left and the another one didn't expect this so they didn't provide us with enough of the treatment. So it was like we didn't have it maybe for like one or two months. So, you know how the one way how the opiate substitution programs cope with this new crisis is that they prescribe a take home longer take home doses for the clients. But I also hear reports that this actually has its own problems like you know clients were not used to economize on drugs for a longer time. So, power, can you speak about that that how can how can OST programs manage this problem like how can you support clients you know not to overdose your drugs how can you prevent that or how can you help them to you know to keep the doses as it is prescribed for a longer time. Peter this is a good question actually. First of all, I think, even though the system in most of European countries react on the conduit covid epidemic. In a sort of a panic manner in from many perspective and I am just now talking about the public health and I'm talking about the prevention perspective. Many of these restrictive interventions are nonsense. And very likely will have to be stopped. Otherwise, the public health social system and the economics of the states would be just in total collapse. So my understanding currently actually is that we have and we need to keep the services in as much as possible working order. That means hardly we can go against the restrictions, but we need to merge at the maximum of possibilities in other words. We need to keep not only needle exchange schemes, but the face to face contacts with our clients, we need to inform them and probably raise an awareness. Not only about covid and about the public health measures about the protection, for example, about the need to use the disinfection and how to use the disinfection in even though they would be homeless. Even in these absurd living contexts where we have to think how can we teach our clients to use an elementary hygienic measures as far as the covid is concerned. But at the same time, it gives us the chance to, for example, talk with them about the risks of providing them with higher doses of Suboxone or Ritalin or Stratera and providing them with the information on risks. And from my perspective, the number one issue is to return to so called standard or normal context of service delivery. Or at least to get as much close to it as possible. Second, to, it's a chance for us to think about the ethics and the methodology and about the standards, for example, of the, if we start to talk about the provision of amphetamine user substitution treatment. Okay, we have never get so far to define the standards of this care. We can try to do it. And as we know, the covid pandemic is pushing the health providers to experiment. So we started to experiment with, I don't know, Placanil and Remdesivir and other pharmaceutical substances. And the same is true for us as far as HR services are concerned. So I think it's open time for experiment. So I don't have, I would say, well defined set of recommendations. But one of general recommendation would be just, yes, let's experiment. Let's open the space for experiments, even though, as for example, Dominica said, okay, we have troubles with methadone and we have troubles with Suboxone. Okay, so in the Czech Republic, we started in the early 90s with the substitution treatment to opioid users with code in derivates. Okay. It was not definitely the best possible idea to do it. But for example, Diolan or Diolan was a code in containing medicine, which was the first broadly used substitution drug for opioid users. So the suggestion for the Slovak Republic would be just, okay, look, which code in containing substances you do have on the legal market and simply do it. Start to do it. Give courage to the professionals, to health providers, to psychiatrists, or even GPs to simply do it. My suggestion number one is to experiment. It's just really time to open our mind for certainly safe experiments. And when I use the word safe, I am a little bit hesitating to define what even do I mean by that. But there is some ethic, and there definitely are many imperatives behind harm reduction philosophy. So, suggestion number one is experiment. Suggestion number two is permanent monitoring of what we are doing, even though we are introducing a new measures. The third, if some of services are being closed because of the bans and state restrictions, just we should replace them by something else. For example, it's crazy, but I started to communicate with some of my HR clients by mobile phones and certainly you say, okay, what is new here? The new here is that I provided old mobiles to three of my clients. I found three old mobiles, paid the credit and having the chance now to be in contact with them. This is absolutely non-standard intervention, but I think we have to try the experiment. Yeah, definitely that's not standard, but actually very much in line with the philosophy of harm reduction, which is like, you have to provide your clients what they really need at they are. And I just heard about a very interesting initiative from Barcelona, for example, where the harm reduction programs now they are setting up a cell phone recharging points for homeless people. You know, that's okay, you have a phone, but you can't recharge that because supermarkets are shopping malls are closed, so they just set up these points so people can keep their social networks there. Dominic, I know that you just met with your local government not so long time ago, so can I ask you to explain when you go to your government and reflecting to what Pavel said about experimentation. So what do you tell them, like what are your main needs and how open you feel that your government is to your ideas? So if we talk about the state and state government so the help or the help is none and they are not listening and they don't want to listen, but when we are speaking about the city government, city of Bratislava, there is, we have a communication and but this communication is mostly focused on homeless people. And we are on call like the organizations which work with homeless people and we are there also for the community of homeless drug users. And we are on calls twice or once a week on, I think for three weeks or one month already and the, yeah, and we are because for cities crucial that we our services are intact and that we are keep going in the same amount or even in higher, higher capacity or more services. So they are doing all what they can to help us. So they are providing us with the protective equipment for us and also for our clients. Also, they are setting up a quarantine city for homeless people. This will be like a city for 30 up to 100 people who are homeless and they cannot go to quarantine at home because they don't have. So they can they can go to this quarantine city and wait for the for the testings or if they are already positive thinking they can stay there and and cure there. There will be provide like food and all the services. What is the problem is is the needs of people who use drugs. Because this this this quarantine quarantine city will not be low threshold. So the people who entered and they cannot like live come and go as they please so and they will be isolated there. So we need to speak about the possibilities how they can survive there and not suffer there, because it's not, it's not voluntary detox, and they are. And each they shouldn't, they shouldn't request for them like the abstinence, if they don't want to. So until now we we know that people who are who are already in substitution treatment. So it will be okay that they will have their substitution treatment even there but for active drug users who don't who are not on substitution it will be difficult. There will be although GP and psychiatrists, but they, they cannot prescribe substitution treatment, they just can prescribe something which can relieve them from the withdrawal symptoms symptoms or help help them. So this will be difficult and we are still in the process of managing the quarantine city is not open yet, because they need to finish with a hiring of the staff. I hope it will be possible. Also, we are discussing about finding some way how to communicate or how to connect with the people who are testing, or if we have some symptomatic client like it's really difficult right now. If you meet, if we have clients who has symptoms, we need to call one five five and sometimes the workers are five hours on the call and waiting for instructions or waiting for for something and, and this is not. Not, not good because the clients are not waiting or for them is impossible to maybe stay five hours with us and also the services are limited sometimes they need to go to other place. So this we need to, we need to find some effective way we are also in contact with the, with the doctors who are who are in charge of the testing in front of hospital in one tent. So maybe we can call them directly or there will be some possibility to, to call them and they will provide the transport and also the city built three hygienic stations in city in the in areas where the homeless people are normally during the day. So it's it bill, it was billed like last week and probably since tomorrow there will be also a soap, so he'll be able to clean hands also with the soap. So the cooperation is, is good. We need to, we need to, but we need to think more about the drug users and about their needs and I think that this is the thing which is not solved yet and which is not taking into consideration that much, because of course the community of drug users who are homeless are smaller than the community of drug users who drink alcohol or who don't use illegal substances so yeah and the city needs to think in the bigger perspective. Definitely how to deal with homeless people I think it's a key issue here. David, can you speak about how the city of Prague deals with this issue I've heard that you also have some outdoor facilities for homeless people. What are the challenges of opportunities over there to be to be sincere practice. And the black NGOs are doing quite great work regarding finding solutions for the for the homeless people. It's a shame that the pandemic is teaching us how we should cope with the situation that is already here for many years, but it's nowadays it's like you can see it more. The people, the community of people using drugs and the homeless people is almost the only people you see in the city so now you like realize more that's a problem but this problem or this issue is here for so long time. And nowadays there is this focus on on helping these people, which we are advocating for many years and we are quite successful, but still there are some achievements nowadays that that are really great. And of course, the possibility to open some camps that are usually for tourist people for the backpackers with the pants, which are now, of course, totally empty. They can be used for homeless people to build a tent there with a sleeping bag, which we can also provide to those people and there's like Salvation Army and other NGOs running these places and there's warm food and good background for the people. Of course, we would like, for example, to have some of these camps or shelters connected with substitution treatments connected with harm reduction services, and we are working on that on educating the staff for working there and so it would be possible. It's not only about camps, it's also about hostels or hotels that are suddenly available for our community. So yeah, that's that's the model we have seen in London and other cities. There is also this possibility to for with these power banks that can that can people like borrow and exchange them like full full with energy for the possible use of mobiles and and and the progress is quite good. Nowadays, nowadays, so it's interesting for me for me for a person who is advocating for so many years in the in the field of the drug community is is quite interesting time nowadays full of opportunities that must be must be taken and there's the possibility to make the drug policy more progressive. Let's hope so, but maybe, maybe Pavel should talk after me you will be more critique you will, you will tell you more about the sessions with politicians and so on how difficult that is Okay, I'm happy I'm happy David that you don't didn't lose your optimism so you see the future in a bright color. What about the others Pavel are you are you optimistic or more skeptical about the future. Can, can our governments learn from this crisis something Oh definitely I agree with David that we should learn from this crisis. From, for me, the key question is looking at the COVID prevention and intervention measures and on the other side, looking at certain restrictions, which are affecting our services. And from harm reduction perspective, the key question is, okay, for our clients are these restrictions or prevention measures introduced, providing more harm or less harm compared to the standardized service delivery. And from this, I guess, we are simply confronted with much more harm, which is associated with current state. So, I definitely agree with David that the optimism and energy for, let's say experiments and some voluntary services and unions of people and services. This is lovely. And this is very promising. On the other hand, we have to be aware of the fact that the current status is also putting our clients from many perspectives in danger. And and we should intervene. And we should, as I already said, try to replace the missing services by some alternatives, as well as all these experiments and new services and new ideas should just be in place. So I'm somehow a little bit optimistic also as David is, but at the same time I see a lot of collateral harm, which is associated with the political decisions made by the government or by the state authorities. And I'm very much afraid that if the time of all these non-standard interventions and restrictions, if the time lasts too long, I'm very much afraid of the high probability that there will be so much collateral damages affecting the economics, thus also affecting the social and health status of the society, that there will be lack of public resources for everything. And considering the options are just the high probability of financial shortages in general in the system or in the economics of our countries. My great threat is that the first who will be affected by that are harm reduction services, delivering services to drug users. So looking at what is going to happen in fall, September, October, we might be confronted and I don't want to be a prophet of the bad news. Definitely, I am optimist by my psychological status and lifestyle. However, I think we should take in our discussions the likelihood that there will be a significant effects on HR service delivery during next month, because simply of the collapse of our state economics. Yeah, thank you Davie, Pavel and what about you Dominic, how do you feel about the future? Yeah, I would like to add one thing, what Pavel said, that I feel the same about the harms, because for what I see there is a lot of hatred and the society stigmatizing the vulnerable people even more right now. We can see it in our drop-in in Pentagon where the open drug scene is and there are people also living on like. Now it's okay. Yeah, I think now it's better. Yeah. Okay, so now I can see that the society is even more stigmatizing the people who use drugs or the other vulnerable communities, the day in Pentagon where is the open drug scene and the people are actually living there in this location where it's residential area. So the people are really, they are quite frustrated and angry with them, they are scared of them that they can bring them infections and all. But on the other side, when you are providing them hygiene masks and all these things, they are jealous. Ah, so they are, you are giving this to homeless people and to me no one is giving it. So there is this discrepancy. And on the, and also I can see there is more solidarity from the individuals, like a lot of people now are volunteering, they are trying to help those in needs, but on the other side, there is less solidarity to the actually to the sources or to the possibilities of people who use drugs or people who are homeless, like, of course that they are outside, if they don't have home and they cannot go to quarantine like there is and I'm afraid of this, that this hatred and this stigmatization will cause a lot of harms to people who use drugs. And of course I agree with Pavel that probably we will feel it financially like my organization, but I think that we will feel it the next year, the year 2021 because like right now we secure the funds more or less for the year of 2020. Like the biggest donors are already the contracts are some of them signed we already have the results. So, but I can I feel that the next year will be really difficult for us to secure the funding, because due to economical crisis there, probably the budget for the social services will be smaller. So, thank you very much and I think we could speak about this issues for hours. Actually, our one hour is up and you see that it's really short one hour is really short and you have so good people and so exciting discussions. I think we need we'll need a lot of solidarity in the future that's for sure. And we need we will need people like you who are who are taking the risk to go into the front lines and working with those people who are living on the margins of society so thank you very much. Thank you to Pavel and David for being with us here today at this very first show of the drug reporter stories from front line series. And thank you for all those who were watching us on Facebook live. Please follow us on social media you follow the drug reporter page on Facebook and Twitter, and you will find out when our next show will be probably we will speak with Italian harm reductions next time and that will be another interesting example because we know that that country was pretty badly hit by the epidemic. And don't forget keep social distancing but stay solid keep solidarity with people. Stay safe, take care and goodbye for now. Goodbye. Bye.