How do you do? I have a brief opening statement here before I take your questions. Yesterday, Secretary of the Treasury, Donald Reagan, sent to the Congress a request to raise the debt ceiling to $985 billion. This represents a dramatic jump of $50 billion over the previous debt ceiling. The administration took this action with great regret because it's clear that the massive deficits our government runs is one of the root causes of our profound economic problems. And for too many years, this process has come too easily for us. We've lived beyond our means and then financed our extravagance on the backs of the American people. The clear message I received in the election campaign is that we must gain control of this inflationary monster. Let me briefly review for the American people what we've already done. In moments of taking the oath of office, I placed a freeze on the hiring of civilian employees in the federal government. Two days later, I issued an order to cut down on government travel, reduce the number of consultants to the government, stop the procurement of certain items, and called on my appointees to exercise restraint in their own offices. Yesterday, I announced the elimination of remaining federal controls on U.S. oil production and marketing. Today, I'm announcing two more actions to reduce the size of the federal government. First, I'm taking major steps toward the elimination of the council on wage and price stability. This council has been a failure. It has been totally ineffective in controlling inflation and its imposed unnecessary burdens on labor and business. Therefore, I'm now ending the wage and price program of the council. I am eliminating the staff that carries out its wage pricing activities, and I'm asking Congress to rescind its budget, saving the taxpayers some one and a half million dollars a year. My second decision today is a directive ordering key federal agencies to freeze pending regulations for 60 days. This action gives my administration time to start a new regulatory oversight process and also prevents certain last-minute regulatory decisions of the previous administration, the so-called midnight regulations, from taking effect without proper review and approval. All of us should remember that the federal government is not some mysterious institution composed prized of buildings, files, and paper. The people are the government. What we create, we ought to be able to control. I do not intend to make wildly skyrocketing deficits and runaway governments simple facts of life in this administration. As I've said, our ills have come upon us over several decades, and they will not go away in days or weeks or months. But I want the American people to know that we have begun. Now I'll be happy to take your questions. Ellen? Will your policy toward Iran be one of revenge or reconciliation, and will the United States honor the recent commitments to Iran, especially since you approved of most of them during the campaign? Well, I'm certainly not thinking of revenge, and I don't know whether reconciliation would be possible with the present government or absence of a government in Iran. I think that the United States will honor the obligations. As a matter of fact, the most important of those were already put into effect by the preceding administration in negotiating the release. We are, however, studying because there were four major agreements, and there were nine executive orders. We are studying thoroughly what is a pretty complex matter we've discovered, with regard to whether they are in keeping with international and our own national laws. And so I won't be able to really answer your questions on specifics until we've completed that study. The Treasury Secretary said Monday that your budget cuts will be of a much higher magnitude than most people thought they would be, and you said they would be across the board. Now that you've had some time to study the budget, can you say where these cuts will be made, and what program will feel the cuts the most? They'll be made every place. What we meant by maybe across the board was the wrong decision, although it describes it, what I meant was that no one is exempt from being looked at for areas in which we can make cuts in spending. And yes, they probably are going to be bigger than anyone has ever attempted because this administration did not come here to be a caretaker government and just hope we could go along the same way and maybe do it a little better. We think the time has come where there has to be a change of direction of this country, and it's going to begin with reducing government spending. Mr. President, in your welcoming address to the freed Americans, you sounded a warning of swift and effective repribution in future terrorist situations. What kind of action are you prepared to take to back up this hard rhetoric? Well, that's a question that I don't think you can or should answer as to specifics. This is a big and it's a powerful nation. It has a lot of options open to it. And to try and specify now, just particularly what you should do, I think is one of the things that's been wrong. People have gone to bed in some of these countries that have done these things to us in the past, confident that they can go to sleep, wake up in the morning and the United States wouldn't have taken any action. What I meant by that phrase was that anyone who does these things, violates our rights in the future, is not going to be able to go to bed with that confidence. Walt? Mr. President, you campaigned rather vociferously against the SALT II treaty saying it was slanted toward the Soviet Union. Yet I noticed your Secretary of State, Mr. Hague, now seems to suggest that for the time being, at least, the United States will abide by the limits of the SALT II treaty. And he hopes the Soviet Union will too. How long do you intend that the United States should abide by the terms of a SALT agreement which you consider inequitable and what do you consider its greatest inequities to be? Well, the SALT treaty, first of all, I think permits a continued buildup on both sides of strategic nuclear weapons. But in the main thing, authorizes an immediate increase in large numbers of Soviet warheads. There is no verification as to the number of warheads on the missile. No method for us to do this. I don't think that a treaty, SALT, means strategic arms limitation that actually permits a buildup on both sides of strategic nuclear weapons can properly be called that. And I have said that when we can, and I am willing for our people to go in to negotiate, or let me say discussions leading to negotiations, that we should start negotiating on the basis of trying to effect an actual reduction in the numbers of nuclear weapons. That would then be real strategic arms limitation. And I happen to believe also that you can't sit down at a table and just negotiate that unless you take into account and consideration at that table all the other things that are going on. In other words, I believe in linkage. Sam. Mr. President, what do you see as the long range intentions of the Soviet Union? Do you think, for instance, the Kremlin is bent on world domination that might lead to a continuation of the Cold War? Or do you think that under other circumstances, détente is possible? Well, so far détente has been a one-way street and the Soviet Union is used to pursue its own aims. I don't have to think of an answer as to what I think their intentions are. They have repeated it. I know of no leader of the Soviet Union since the revolution, in including the present leadership that has not more than once repeated in the various communist congresses they hold, their determination that their goal must be the promotion of world revolution and a one-world socialist or communist state, whichever words you want to use. Now, as long as they do that, and as long as they at the same time have openly and publicly declared that the only morality they recognize is what will further their cause, meaning they reserve under themselves the right to commit any crime, to lie, to cheat in order to attain that, and that is moral, not immoral. And we operate on a different set of standards. I think when you do business with them, even at a détente, you keep that in mind. Let me take someone in may today. Mr. President, what's your opinion of American companies that now want to resume business with Iran? My opinion of American companies that want to resume business with Iran, I hope they're going to do it by long distance. We wouldn't want to go back to having just a different cast of characters but the same show going on. I can understand that, particularly in the field of energy. They're wanting to do that. But we are urging that people think long and hard before they travel to Iran because we don't think their safety can be guaranteed there. Mr. President, three Americans are still incarcerated in Vietnam. Can you tell us the status of their cases and whether the administration is doing anything to get them back? I have told our people about those three. They knew about them, of course, but have told them that, yes, we continue and we want to get them back also. Now, I know I've been staying down front here too much. I've got to prove I can look at the back rows there. You, sir. Oh, sorry. You'll be next. Oh, okay. Mr. President, some administrative officials have promised adherence to the civil rights laws which are on the books. But there has been considerable discussion about dismantling the affirmative action aspect of that give those laws to some people greater meaning. And I'm wondering, Mr. President, if there will be a retreat in the federal government on the government's advocacy of affirmative action programs generally and in federal hiring of blacks and Hispanics specifically. No, there will be no retreat. This administration is going to be dedicated to equality. I think we've made great progress in the civil rights field. I think there are some things, however, that may not be as useful as they once were or that may even be distorted in the practice, such as some affirmative action programs becoming quota systems. And I'm old enough to remember when quotas existed in the United States for the purpose of discrimination. And I don't want to see that happen again. Mr. President, when and how will you seek the decontrol of natural gas prices? Well, we haven't dealt with that problem yet. We thought oil would do for a starter. But I can't really answer your question. That will be a matter for discussion in future cabinet meetings. Lou? Mr. President, during the campaign, you repeatedly talked about the unfairness of the grain embargo, as you saw it. Do you have second thoughts now, or will you lift the grain embargo? Well, with the grain embargo, my quarrel with it from the first was that I thought it was asking only one group of Americans to participate, the farmers. It was not... You only have two choices with an embargo. You either lift it or you broaden it. And we have not made a decision, except that at the request of Secretary of Agriculture, John Block, I have taken the matter of the embargo out of, you might say, the discussions of the National Security Council, and it next week is on the agenda for a full cabinet meeting, as to what our course will be, so I can't answer what we do about it until next week. It, as I say, it was asking one group of Americans to bear the burden, and I have always thought was more of a kind of gesture than it was something real. Yes, ma'am? Mr. President, what would you do to honor the request by federal officials, well, from Atlanta officials for you and the federal government to intercede in the Atlanta case of 17 missing or black children? Just a few minutes before I came in here, that message was handed to me that the Atlanta mayor wanted to talk, and we are going to get someone in touch with him immediately. Now, you recognize, of course, that possibly civil rights would be the only basis upon which we could have any jurisdiction down there in this. For FBI, for example, on any other thing, there's been no evidence of crossing state lines or anything, and yet we want to be helpful because that is a most tragic case, and so we will be meeting on that very shortly. Mr. President, when the Jamaican prime minister was here yesterday, Mr. Siaga, he suggested publicly that now might be a good time for you as the new president to have a foreign policy initiative for Latin America and for the Caribbean. Do you intend to follow that suggestion, and if so, how would your policies differ from those of former president Carter? Well, I think we've seen a great reverse in the Caribbean situation, and it came about through prime minister Siaga's election. It was the turnover, or turnaround, of a nation that had gone, well, certainly in the direction of the communist movement. It was a protégé of Castro, and his election was greeted by me with great enthusiasm because it represented the people by their vote having experienced that kind of government turned another direction, and I think this opens the door for us to have a policy in the Mediterranean of bringing them back in those countries that might have started in that direction, or keeping them in the Western world and the free world. And so we are looking forward to cooperation with prime minister Siaga. Mr. President, I think you meant Caribbean in that last answer. What did I say? Is that a Mediterranean? Oh, I meant Caribbean. I'm sorry. What do you intend to do, Mr. President, about the draft registration law that was passed during President Carter's administration and a view of your opposition to it and the campaign? How is that consistent with your avowed intention to strengthen our national defenses? Well, to answer the last part first, I just didn't feel that the advanced registration on all the evidence we could get would materially speed up the process if an emergency required the draft. It did create a bureaucracy. It caused certainly some unrest and dissatisfaction, and we were told that it would only be a matter of several days if we had to call up in a draft, that we could do that several days earlier with the registration, then we would be able to if there was no registration at all. This is one that's something to be looked at further down. I've only been here nine days, and most of these nine days have been spent in cabinet meetings on the economy, getting ready to send our package up to the hill. So I just have to tell you that we will be dealing with that, meet with that, and make a decision on what to do with it down the road someplace. Gary? Mr. President, speaking of your economic package, could you give us your thoughts on an effective date for the tax cuts that you plan to recommend in your economic recovery plan, and specifying whether you prefer one effective date for business and another for personal cuts, or whether you'd like to combine them?  As to date, I know there's been talk about whether it should be retroactive back, or whether it should be as of that minute. That, to me, isn't as important as getting, for individuals, the principle of a 10% cut for each of three years in place, and the business tax is also so that we can all look forward with some confidence of stability in the program. And we're going to strive for that, and I can't really answer you about what the date will be until we submit the package, and maybe... Mr. President? I'm going to take you next. Mr. President, you said you were going to make... No, I was... You're made. Mr. President, I know you said earlier that you were not thinking of revenge toward Iran, but does that preclude any punishment whatsoever for what they've done? Well, again, I have to ask your forbearance and wait until we've finished our study of this whole situation as to what we're going to do. I don't think any of us have a friendly feeling toward the people that have done what they have done, but I think it's too complex for me to answer until we've had time to really study this. Just one follow-up. Would you go so far as to encourage American businesses to resume commercial trade in Iran? At this point, no. Mr. President, listen, I believe... No, I'll go back there in a second. Mr. President, do you intend to follow through with your campaign pledges to abolish the Department of Energy and Education? I have not retreated from that at all, yes. The process, however, that I have asked for is for both Secretary Bell of Education and Secretary Jim Edwards of Energy to reorganize to produce the most effective streamlining of their departments that they can in education to look at the appropriate role of the federal government in education if there is one and to report back, and then we will decide on making our recommendations much the same thing holds true with the Department of Energy. The reason for this being that they, while they were new cabinet-level agencies, they incorporated government functions and programs that had been going on in them and they came under that umbrella, and we have to find out which of those functions that have been a federal government function continue and where they would best fit. But yes, I'm determined that, and I believe that it was wrong to have created the two agencies to begin with. Now there. Mr. President, during the campaign, your chief farm spokesman put you on record as favoring for the time being continuation of the dairy price support level where it had been. Within the last couple of days, your budget director and your secretary of agriculture have indicated that the dairy program is too expensive and should be cut back. Could you reconcile those differences of approach for us? Well, I could only tell you that this again, something to wait for the next cabinet meeting, all of these things are now a young lady. Mr. President, if it's your intention to signal the world that this country will respond to its swift retribution in cases of international terrorism in the future, why is it your policy not to retaliate against Iran? Well, what good would just revenge do and what form would that take? I don't think revenge is worthy of us. On the other hand, I don't think we act as if this never happened. And I'd rather wait until, as I say, we complete this thing. Who said, I know I've been on this side too long, but someone said poor Favore and... What? That is you. Mr. President, still I am impressed when I listened the other day. Viva la Roja, la Blanca y Azul. Mr. President, isn't it true that when Hispanics are given the opportunity to serve this country, they serve the country with diligence and respect? In view of this undisputed fact, when are you going to appoint Hispanic American to serve in your administration policymaking position? We are definitely recruiting and definitely trying to do that. I want an administration that will be representative of the country as a whole. And please don't judge us on the fact that we have only picked 100. There will be 1700 positions to fill in the executive branch and the White House senior staff and staff. And the personnel committee in our administration that is talent hunting and looking for these people contains members of the minorities, Hispanics, and even a majority of women. And we want that very much. So don't judge us now over the tip of the iceberg. Wait till it's all in. Mr. President, yes, thank you. Mr. President, Paul Volcker, the chairman of the Federal Reserve Board has been implementing policies that are exactly opposite in basic thrust from what you recommend. He has been squeezing the productive sector of the economy in favor of the speculative sector. Now, I mean frankly, Mr. President, there are important sections of the American economy that are about to go under and won't even have an opportunity to benefit from the programs that you're putting forward because of the Federal Reserve's policy. I have two-part question. First of all, do you think that objective economic conditions justify the interest rate levels that we now have? And I don't mean for your answer to imply criticism of the Fed. It's just an objective question. And the second question is, are you concerned that there might be a sabotage, so to speak, of your policies by programs that the Federal Reserve might be putting forward? No, I'm not concerned that there would be sabotage. I've met with Mr. Voker and not with the intention of trying to dictate because it is an independent agency and I respect that. But I think that we have to face the fact that interest rates are not in themselves a cause of inflation, they're a consequence. And when you have, as we have had, double digit inflation back to back for two solid years now, the last time that happened was in World War I. And when you have double digit inflation there, that way there is no question that interest rates are going to have to go up and follow that inflation rate. And so the answer to the interest rates is going to be our program of reducing government spending tied to the reduction of the tax rates that we've spoken of to bring down inflation and you'll find that interest rates come down. We do want from the Fed and would ask for a moderate policy of money supply increasing relative to legitimate growth. All of these things have to work together but I don't think that the Fed just deliberately raises interest rates. The reason that we've got to tie taxes and we have to cut, tie spending together is we, for all these decades, we've talked and we've talked about solving these problems and we've acted as if the two were separate. So one year we fight inflation and then unemployment goes up and then the next year we fight unemployment and inflation goes up, it's time to keep the two together where they belong and that's what we're going to do. Yes, sir. Mr. President, a number of conservative leaders among them some of your staunchest and most durable supporters such as Senator Jesse Helms are very concerned about some of your appointments. The basis of the concern is that many people who have been long-time Reaganites and supporters of yours do not seem to be able to get jobs like Bill Van Cleve who played a key role on your defense transition team whereas other individuals who have not supported you throughout the years or your philosophy like Mr. Terrell Bell, the Secretary of Education who was for the establishment of the department which you've said you're going to abolish and Mr. Frank Carlucci, Deputy Secretary of Defense who was not a supporter of yours that they have gotten jobs. My question is, why are these individuals in your administration, why isn't Mr. Van Cleve and how much of a problem do you think this conservative dissatisfaction with your appointments is? The only problem that I've had that is more difficult than knowing which hand raised a point to here and believe me, it bothers me. I go home feeling guilty and all the hands that I couldn't point to. The only problem greater I've had is in the selection of personnel. Now in many instances, some of the people that have been mentioned, who's known as have been mentioned by others did not want a position in the administration, helped work very hard and wanted nothing for it. But you also have to recognize there aren't that many positions. After all, look how many votes I had. You can't reward them all. But thank you. All right, thank you, Wolverine. No, it's still going. That's what country you live in, sir. That's right. Those of you who have a question like to do...


Today we're going to explore the life of a flamboyant Indian business tycoon who has made waves in various industries, from beer and spirits to cricket and Formula One. Hold on tight as we take you on a virtual tour of his majestic and awe-inspiring mansion, famously known as the White House in the Sky. Meet Vijay Malia, a man whose entrepreneurial ventures have left a mark on the Indian business landscape, making him a prominent figure in the corporate world. But beyond the boardrooms and business deals, Vijay's home is a statement of grandeur and sophistication. Perched high above the dazzling cityscape of Bengaluru, India, the White House in the Sky is a mesmerizing architectural marvel. Located atop the renowned Kingfisher Tower Residences at UB City, this mansion-style penthouse spreads its wings across the 34th and 35th floors, reaching almost 400 feet above the ground. Cantilevered slab supports this magical home, surrounded by an enchanting open deck, offering a 360 degree view of the city below. And if that's not enough to captivate your senses, wait until you hear about the infinity pool that seems to merge with the sky. This isn't your average penthouse, it's a private villa in the sky, a sanctuary away from the world below. With its two exclusive elevators, this lavish residence stands apart from the rest, embodying Vijay's extravagant taste and desire for privacy. As we embark on this house tour, it's essential to understand the aura surrounding Vijay Malia. His larger-than-life personality and penchant for the lavish have earned him the title of the King of Good Times. Yet, behind this flamboyant image lies a complex web of financial challenges and legal battles. You see, Vijay's journey hasn't been all smooth sailing. His face-financial difficulties and allegations of money laundering have brought him under the spotlight. As a result, his ancestral manchen, which once stood proudly on this very land, gave way to the White House in the sky. However, with the cloud of uncertainty looming over his future, the question remains. Will he ever get to call this magnificent penthouse his home? The White House in the sky is an extension of the luxurious Yubi City, a joint development project between United Breweries Holdings and Prestige Estates Projects Limited. Prestige Estates the developer of this skyscraper has already sold a considerable number of its opulent apartments. The decision to construct the White House in the sky was born out of ambition and necessity. Facing financial challenges and legal pressures, Malia envisioned a residence that would not only stand as a symbol of his stature but also offer him the seclusion and privacy he needed. This opulent penthouse perched high above the bustling city became his escape, a sanctuary where he could retreat from the prying eyes of the world below. The Yubi City District where the King Fisher Towers stand tall has become a magnet for the wealthiest of society. This neighborhood boasts some of the most opulent residences, high emboutiques and upscale restaurants, making it a hub of extravagant living and fine dining. The proximity to the central business district adds to its appeal, making it an ideal location for those seeking the perfect work-life balance. Rising almost like a majestic pillar in the sky, the King Fisher Towers stand tall and proud with the penthouse nearly 400 feet above the ground. As we approach the entrance, we're greeted by the lush landscaping and manicured gardens that surround the property. Multiple layers of security have been put in place to ensure the safety and privacy of the residents. Notably, the White House in the sky boasts separate entries for Vijay Malya, ensuring his space remains exclusive and shielded from the rest of the building. The attention to detail extends to the smallest features from the exquisite lighting fixtures that illuminate the property at night to the elegant finishes that grace every inch of the exterior. While the interiors remain a well-guarded secret, we envision the living room to be a site to behold, reminiscent of the historic rooms found within the White House itself. The living spaces are expected to be a haven of refined entertaining, or guests can mingle in style during exclusive gatherings. We can also imagine that the personal quarters, the bedrooms and bathrooms are just as elegant. This mansion in the sky was brought into existence by the renowned Prestige Group, one of the most prominent property development companies in South India. With a rich legacy dating back to its founding by Razak Satar in 1986, Prestige Group has earned its reputation for delivering exceptional and luxury properties. However, when it comes to the interiors of the Kingfisher mansion, the developers and those involved in the construction have maintained a shroud of secrecy. Outside, the sprawling terrace gardens surrounding the penthouse offer a green sanctuary in the heart of the urban landscape. Manicured lawns, vibrant flowers and shrubs create a picturesque setting. A highlight of the outdoor areas is definitely the private infinity pool. Perched on the rooftop, the pool offers breathtaking panoramic views of the city's skyline, making it a perfect spot to unwind. The rooftop helipad, a rare feature for a residence, shows exclusivity and opulence of the Kingfisher mansion. The Kingfisher mansion truly stands as a crown jewel in the Bangalore skyline, captivating all who catch a glimpse of this White House in the sky. As our virtual tour of the property comes to an end, we can see how it's created a haven of luxury and sophistication. Its rooftop helipad, private infinity pool and breathtaking views elevated to a league of its own. Despite the scandals and intrigue that surrounds Vijay Malia, the visionary behind this architectural marvel, the Kingfisher mansion remains a testament to his ambition and taste for the finer things in life.


Hello everybody, thank you for the introduction and thank you for attending my talk. In the previous talk, we have heard about the Bitcoin payment system and in this talk I'm here to talk to you about the credit networks which is conceptually different payment system that opens the way for different applications. Let me start with the basics and let me start with an example. So my credit networks allow us to represent trust between users using credit allocations. Imagine that we have two friends, Bob and Alice and for some reason Alice needs some money and Bob is kind to lend this money to Alice. At this moment Alice owes $100 to Bob. Such a normal situation in real life can be represented in a credit network with a directed edge from Alice to Bob with a weight of $100. As you can imagine, this credit network can be used to represent more elaborated situations. For example, imagine that Alice and Bob go for a hike and they decide to invite the friends Dave and Carol and during the hike, Dave pays for a link to Carol and at that moment Carol owes $10 to Dave. However, Carol doesn't know too much Dave and she's not really kind to settle the debt directly with Dave and instead what she can do is use the transitive trust that they have with Bob and Alice. In the credit network, this can be represented with Carol creating a credit link to Alice. Alice will increase her credit with Bob and finally Bob will create a credit link of 10 with Dave. In such a manner, such a debt is settled between Dave and Carol. Here notice that for intermediate uses like Alice, this settlement doesn't incur any credit loss. Before, she owed $100 and now her net balance is the same. Even though she owes a little more, $110, she's owed $10. In the end, the net flow, which is matters, is the same, is $100. Credit network divided by form can be used to perform payments or to pay for services. As an example, imagine that Bob wants to pay for a service to Carol worth $15. In order to perform such a payment, we need to find paths from Bob to Carol with enough credit. Once we find such paths, we need to decrease the credit along the paths in order to perform the transaction. We decrease the links one by one in the whole path and once the credit is decreased, the payment is settled or the transaction is settled. At this moment, you may wonder, well, why we really care about credit networks? It turns out that credit networks tolerate misbehaving users. Imagine the example that Abe became malicious and for her now it's really simple to create many other users under her control and create credit links between each other, extend credit between the users that see controls. However, it's difficult for her to get trust from honest users. So in a credit network, introducing nodes for an attacker is way easier than drawing trust from honest nodes. Such a symmetry allows us to characterize the misbehaving user effect. In particular, the effect of a misbehaving user is localized to those users that have extended credit to the attacker and is bounded by the amount of credit that honest users have extended to the attacker. Such nice properties have boosted the use of credit networks in several applications. For example, credit networks can be used to prevent spam in the email system. They can also be used to improve the online reputation system in online marketplaces like eBay. It has been shown that credit networks can also be used to create a civil resilient content voting and the idea is that credit networks have been used not only in academia but there are also real life deployments of them. One example is Ripple that has used a credit network to create a real life online payment system and because we are in real world crypto, I thought that I'm going to focus on this example for the rest of my talk. The interesting point with the Ripple network is that the nodes in the graph represents not only users but also banks like CBW or Cross River here in USA or Fedor and Santander in Europe. They also represent gateways which are entities that allow us to integrate cryptocurrencies into the Ripple network. In doing so, the Ripple network supports fiat currencies like dollars, euros, pounds or you name it. It also supports cryptocurrencies like bitcoins and even the users can define their own currencies. Ripple has several advantages over the current banking system. In particular, Ripple can perform inter-currency transactions even all around the world in a matter of seconds instead of days. It's possible to perform inter-currency transactions worldwide at a really small tiny fee and while in the banking system, banks are the only ones who are able to check the integrity of the transactions. In Ripple, transactions are publicly verifiable. The interest here is that Ripple is deployed today, it has around $1 million trade volume today and several banks are actually using Ripple for performing the transactions for their clients. Just to make sure that we understand the difference between them, we might wonder like we already have Bitcoin, we already have cryptocurrencies. Why do we really need a great network? As I said before, they are really conceptually different. A cryptocurrency like Bitcoin is a currency and in doing so, it only accepts payments in which both the sender and the receiver accept Bitcoins. However, in a great network like Ripple, it's possible to perform transactions in any currency. Actually, the sender can specify one currency and the receiver can receive such transactions in a different currency, which is called an inter-currency transaction. Such definitions give us differences in how they work and the properties that we get. For example, transactions in Bitcoin are performed as a direct transaction between any two wallets in the system. However, in a great network like Ripple, transactions are only possible by a path between the sender and the receiver. They also differ in scalability. We have seen that Bitcoin, the permissionless nature of the conceptual algorithm makes it a bit slow and transactions are added to the system at a limited transaction rate. However, the local nature of transactions in the Ripple network make the possibility of adding them quicker and make the system highly scalable. Nevertheless, even that Bitcoin has successfully used a public log to perform public verifiable transactions, Ripple has adopted the same idea and it's also possible to publicly verify transactions in Ripple. Actually, Ripple has a log that is called Ripple Ledger and as you can imagine, they store the whole set of transactions in the beginning of the system until today. They also store all the credit links between any two users in the system. In such a log, users are represented by the hash of the public key, a pseudonym. And as you can imagine, it's possible to link together all the transactions that are performed by a given pseudonym. We know that such pseudonymity leads to only linkable anonymity and such weak privacy notion is prone to anonymization attacks. Actually, there have been several works in Bitcoin that have shown that such weak privacy is actually a privacy problem. However, it has not been shown for Ripple and we wonder ourselves like, is privacy actually a real problem in Ripple? And if so, can we actually measure that? And the answer is yes. And for that, we define two novel statistics that I'm going to explain now. Let me start with the simpler one and let me start with a story. Imagine here that Carol has some Bitcoin in the Bitcoin system and she wants to pay to Bob in euros. Because Carol is in the Bitcoin system, she cannot pay directly to her. Instead, she has to use the Ripple system. In order to do that, she needs to use what is called a gateway, which is an entity that has an account in Ripple, another account in Bitcoin, and allow the transfer for one system to the other. Doing so, what Carol will first do is send the Bitcoin to the gateway and such transaction, as we know, is locked in the Bitcoin blockchain. Now, when the gateway sees that they receive the bitcoins, see the gateway sends the corresponding credit to Alice in the Ripple network. As in Bitcoin, the transaction is locked into the Ripple ledger. And now that Alice has seen that has enough credit, she can perform an inter currency transaction and pay Bob. The point is that these two transactions are partly available, so we can just take a look at them and see that Alice, which are the Bitcoin and Ripple addresses that belong to Alice, and similarly, we can do the same for the gateway. And as you can imagine, this is only the tip of the iceberg. We were able to do the same not only for Bitcoin, but for other cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, and we were able to do it for other credit networks, like Stellar. And I wanted to stress here that this is the first heuristic that allow us to link wallets that belong to the same user across different payment systems. The heuristic is based on a behavior that we do in our daily lives. So imagine that we have a wallet that most likely we are not going to carry like 100,000 euros on that. Most likely we are going to carry a smaller number, like 100, and we pay for our dinner in the restaurant, we go to the cinema, and whenever we run out of cash, we go to the bank, we draw some money and top off our wallet to keep purchasing products. Such behavior can be reflected in the repo network. For example, a gateway like BitSum will create a wallet, which is called the call wallet, that is used to issue credit to the clients. However, BitSum will not use this wallet to perform the daily transactions with the users. Instead, we'll create another one, which is called hot wallet, and create a credit link from the call to the hot wallet. Now, BitSum can use the hot wallet to perform the daily transactions with the client through the path that it has with the call wallet. And the reason to do that is because now, if the hot wallet becomes compromised, the attacker has access only to the 200 credit here, but not to the credit of the users. Once we realize this behavior, we wonder ourselves, well, let's try to link the hot and cold wallet belonging to the same user. In order to do that, we define as an heuristic that looks at the correlation between the network topology and the transactions in the repo network. In this example, we know that the call wallet is used only to issue credit to the clients. So we know that this should have only outgoing links in the credit network. So we know that A should be the call wallet. Now also, we know that the hot wallet should be connected to the call wallet. So we know that potentially B, C, and D could be the hot wallet. But obviously we want to refine this a little. So we further know that the call wallet must be used to top off from time to time the hot wallet. So now we look at the transactions and we see that A is paying to B. So we suspect that B might be actually the hot wallet. But we can even further refine this heuristic. We know that the hot wallet is also used to fund client the wallets from time to time. So we can take a look at the transactions and we see that, in fact, B is paying to D and C. Therefore, now we know almost for sure that A and B are the call hot wallet that belong to the same user. In order to verify the effectiveness of our heuristics, we downloaded the complete repo network graph. We downloaded all the transactions in the repo network from January to December 2015. And this slide represents our results. In green, we show which are the transactions where both the sender and the receiver are publicly known to the gateway. While in red, we show which are the transactions in which either the sender or the receiver have been denonymized by our heuristic. Interestingly, we show that our heuristics are able to denonymize as many transactions and they were known already for BitStorm. We also saw that if you look at the known transactions for Chris, Ben, David, and Ripper at DYM, seems that they don't relate too much to each other. However, our heuristics were able to link together their wallets. So we know that they might belong to the same user. Actually, the Ripple community has been able to verify that actually, DividendRibbler and DYM actually belong to the same user. We notified the results to the gate grids and we got an answer from two of them, BitStorm and RippleFox, and both of them acknowledged our results. For curiosity, RippleFox actually decided to publish all the wallets after we notified them. That's why they appear all in green now, actually. Funny fact is that even after this work, I managed to get an internship at the Ripple company. So when I was there, I showed them this work and this work actually triggered an interesting discussion about the necessity of privacy in such a great network. There we also saw that banks actually strongly demand privacy and obviously the Ripple community is also really concerned about the privacy problems of the current Ripple network. We also shared our results with the Ripple community triggering discussions in the Ripple forums and we believe that this work should inspire us to use privacy enhancing technologies in the current networks. From our side, we started such use by asking ourselves, well, wait a minute, what does it mean actually that this is the concept of privacy in a current network? And in our paper, we defined two notions of privacy. The first one is transaction value privacy and the idea here intuitively is that an attacker should not be able to determine which is the actual transacted value between two onus users. The other notion is transaction receiver privacy and the idea here is that an attacker should not be able to determine which is the actual receiver of a transaction given that we fix the center and the transacted amount. As you can imagine, the transaction center privacy can be defined in a similar manner to transaction receiver privacy. Here, I don't have time to explain the details but we have formalized these properties as cryptographic games and all the details are in the paper if you're interested. The next step was to define a system that achieved these properties and our first approach was a centralized approach that we call brief pay. The idea here was simple. We have a server or a service provider that maintains the complete credit network according to the request that comes from the users. As you can imagine, such a setting has a huge privacy challenge even if the credit network is stored because it's encrypted, sorry, because the access pattern to the encrypted data might reveal enough information for the attacker to break privacy. So in order to overcome this challenge, what we did is we used a minimum trusted hardware to perform the encryption and to run oblivious algorithms that hide also the access pattern when accessing the encrypted data. We were able to prove that brief pay provides strong privacy guarantees for the first time and also to show the practicality we downloaded the whole set of transactions in the Ripple network and emulated that in brief pay. We saw that the running times are similar to the running times in the current Ripple network so this system is practical. And in our next approach, we observed that I as a user in a credit network would actually really care who owes money to me and to whom I owe some money. So basically I care about the local credit links and as soon as the net flow in the credit network doesn't change without my consent, I don't really care about what happens from two hops away from me. So therefore we defined an approach, in which every user locally stores his local links or the links with his neighbors. And then the users collaborate between each other in order to perform multi-hop transactions. The idea here is that with such a system we don't really need a ledger which is first privacy invasive, as we have seen and second is really big. Actually the Bitcoin blockchain right now has around 90 gigabytes which consumes a lot of memory. And on the other hand in our approach we don't really need also the proof of work which as we have seen in the previous talk consumes a lot of resources. In Silent Whisper we were also able to prove that it achieves strong privacy guarantees as in brief pay. And again we emulated the same set of report transactions and running times for executing these transactions were in the order of seconds similar to the current times in the repo network. Nevertheless, although these two approaches provide strong privacy guarantees are interesting the main problem with both of them is that they cannot be deployed today in the repo network. Either because we need to deploy some minimal trusted hardware which is not there yet or we need to totally avoid the repo ledger. Therefore we ask ourselves like what can we do to have a privacy preserving transactions in the current repo network? And in order to answer this question we define we are actually working on a new protocol called Pathsoft. And the idea is to perform what we call path mixing for privacy preserving transactions. The idea is really simple. So imagine that in the field here we have a set of senders and a set of receivers and we want to perform several transactions from each sender to its receiver through a path that share a common node. For example, in this example imagine that every sender sends a common amount let's say 10 and now every receiver simultaneously also receive the same amount let's say 10. If we have an attacker that has access to the network before this transaction and after this transaction it's not able to figure out who is paying to whom. Some of you might have guessed already that this idea is similar to conjoin in Bitcoin. For those of you who don't know conjoin transaction is a transaction in which we have a list of input addresses a list of output addresses and if the transaction is signed by each of the input addresses the bitcoins are simultaneously or atomically transferred from the input to the output addresses. So the transaction is supported by the current Bitcoin protocol and it's actually deployed in practice. So our natural first idea was to deploy exactly the same in Ripple. The problem is that Ripple only allows transactions that have a single sender and a single receiver. In order to overcome this challenge what we define is what we call a share wallet and the idea is that we take the private key of the share wallet and distribute that among the users that participate in the path mix. In such a manner we're able to enforce rounds of synchronization such that every user agrees and then the protocol continues or honest user doesn't agree because some other user misbehaves and then can't stop the protocol at that moment. In such a manner we ensure that honest user don't lose credit in the process. PathSafo has interesting properties. First of all it enables atomic transactions for the first time in Ripple which have interesting applications other than privacy. For example we imagine that you can use it for crowdfunding in which either everybody contributes to the crowdfunding or if there is not enough if not enough credit has been raised then nobody loses credit in the process. The idea is that PathSafo is fully compatible with the current Ripple network. Actually we were able to successfully test one PathSafo transaction in the real Ripple network in the mainnet and it's also compatible with other merging creating networks like Steader. We observe that PathSafo can be seen as a simple smart contract even though Ripple doesn't allow yet a script a script language like in Bitcoin. So what we wonder at this point is that is it possible to create other smart contracts even though we don't have a script language yet or is there any inherent limitation by the fact that we don't really have a script in Ripple yet. We don't answer any of these questions and in the future we are also looking into applying our privacy techniques to other emerging creating networks like Steader and other distributing scenarios like the lighting network which a pair of users share a link if they have a Bitcoin payment channel between the two of them and obviously if you are interested in this topic I'm open for collaborations and if you are interested just please come and in the last minute I would like to thank my collaborators for all the helping me in all this work actually Tim Ruffin is here if you want to talk to him and I would like to thank them to make creating networks great again. Right so do you have time for one question so go ahead. Feel free to correct me but my impression so you talked a lot about Ripple gateways but my impression is that is there any more well at least I couldn't find anyone working and I heard that this concept is dead so is it true and if it is could you comment on the relevance of your research in this issue? So first thing I have to say that Ripple is newer than Bitcoin as any other new system is really dynamic so it changes a lot. There are gateways that are working today so I'm still there gate hub there are several of them that preserve over time but these two that are some that start at the beginning and are not there any longer so the idea is that their gateways are still there and those gateways are there are still using these techniques so we can apply that to those gateways today as well so there are today and they are still working on that. Alright so let's thank the speaker.


An undisputed high point of the LBJ presidency was the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, one of the most transformative of the major bills that President Johnson signed. It was fitting then that a memorable moment in the history of the LBJ library came on the 50th anniversary of that accomplishment when we hosted the Civil Rights Summit. The summit was an incredible three-day event of speeches, panel discussions, and performances to celebrate the 1964 bill, to take stock of civil rights progress over the last five decades, and to discuss race relations in the years to come. The lineup of speakers was truly remarkable.  John Lewis' comments captured the tone of the whole event. The philosophy and the discipline of nonviolence tend to tell us that you should not get laws and receive despair, that you should be hopeful. You have to pick yourself up and continue to move. In a remarkable display of LBJ's enduring ability to speak across generations and to bring people together behind a common cause, we also had four presidents representing both political parties on our stage during those days. Our guests were Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, as well as Barack Obama, then in his sixth year in office. The story of America is a story of progress. And that's true because of men like President Lyndon Baines Johnson. In so many ways, he embodied America with all our gifts and all our flaws. This man, weaned in a world full of racial hatred, somehow found within himself the ability to connect his experience with the brown child in a small Texas town. As powerful as he became in that Oval Office, he understood then, he understood what it meant to be on the outside. And he believed that their plight was his plight, too. Lyndon Johnson's achievements in civil rights, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, deserve celebration every day. But for a short time in 2014, they commanded center stage in a truly memorable way.


Hey what's up guys welcome to our trending reviews so today I have a brand new set of headphones these are the MPOW H12 ANC headphones so these are active noise canceling I've just been sent them and I'm going to give you a full review on this so let's just get straight into it. All right guys so let's just have a look at the design of the headphones first so these are the headphones they come with the very common traditional soft protein memory foam ear pads as you can see here very comfortable to have on your ears so you have the standard buttons there on the right hand side you've got the play and pause the next and previous track buttons as well they also double up as volume controls as well and also to answer calls and end calls. On the left hand side you actually have the ANC button this is the active noise canceling button so if you switch this on you'll see a green light there and this will confirm that it's on and if you switch it down it's off so inside the headband you can see which one is the right side and which one is the left side on the interior of the headband you actually see this nice little padded headband there as well along the bottom you have the 3.5 millimeter headphone jack there on the left hand side and on the right hand side you have the micro usb charging port there as well on the actual ear pads you can see that they've got the MPOW logo just there on the top and then you also have a plastic built ear pad just there with no other design or logos on there it's actually very lightweight when you hold it it's pretty easy to take with you it's compact and it can be folded inwards as well as such so there's two ways you can fold this so you can just twist the ear pads to the sides and have it flat or if you wanted to click them inside you can just click one in there and click the other one like that and then you can put this into the carry pouch in terms of what else comes in the box you have your micro usb charging cable you have your headphone adapter as well if you want to use this through the wire instead of the wireless and you also have a user guide as well the last thing that comes in the box is this nice suede carry pouch so it's a gray color this will fold up and fit in there and you can just take this with you anywhere you like and just some specifications around the headphones they are 500 milliamp hours but it gives you a massive 30 hours of playtime if you do have the active noise cancellation button on when you're playing it you will get 15 hours of playtime but it's recommended not to use that for more than an hour or two otherwise your ears will start hurting but if you really do need to use it then that's the way to go i was on holiday last week and i used this on my flights i've turned the active noise cancellation on and it just made such a big difference i can drown out all of the noises in the plane the actual plane noise as well babies crying and that kind of stuff and i actually enjoyed watching my movies on my laptop on the plane with these headphones so they are connected by a bluetooth and you do get about 10 meters of range on them as well and if you do charge them fully they will take about two to three hours if you've drained the battery and once you've got a full battery in there it will give you that massive 30 hours of playtime to listen to your music so i'm going to go ahead now and put this on to show you how it looks with the headset on and then they're going to play some music and give you guys a review of that so this is how it is from front view if i turn to the side this is how they will look and also i'll give you a view from the back as well and then on the left hand side so i have this connected to my phone i'm going to go ahead and play some music and let's go ahead and play a song the active noise cancellation on i can barely hear myself speak now what i'm going to do is turn the a and c button on and see how much of a difference that makes and voice and it feels like the world around me has just gone silent and the bass in this song has just gone up exponentially so it's very powerful it feels like you're in a nightclub basically it's just amazing once i turn the music off and the a and c is still on it does feel a little bit weird on your ears you just have to get used to that but i would just turn it off so now i can hear the ambient noises around me i can hear my own voice again and then once you take it off it's just your ears aren't hurting they're still perfect so no matter what size ears you do have this should fit comfortably a couple of things i did want to mention about this as well the bending of the ear pads they do make a little clicking noise so if you try to hear up now it clicks back into place it gives you that security that is quite strong and it won't just keep bending when you don't need it to but sometimes people may assume that it's it's breaking or you've cracked something or anything like that so that's not the case just avoid that one thing i would really like is for the headband to be adjusted a little bit more smaller when i do put them on there's a tiny bit of a gap from the top headband to my head so i could lower it but then it presses against my ears so depending on the size of your head then this is something to just to be aware of for most people this should be okay but depending on if you have a very small head then you may struggle to get this to fit securities and it might start falling backwards and forwards and the other thing is when you do put this on and off you may sometimes accidentally click it or make that noise i wouldn't worry too much it's just securing it in place so that's just something to be aware of if you're going to go running or if you are traveling on a train or a plane or anything like that then these are perfect for you now they do come in at 40 pounds in the amazon uk website and they are $40 on the amazon us website so i'll have all of the links in the description below on where you can purchase this set of headphones they've got some awesome reviews and i do credit them as well so for me it's a big thumbs up and if you have any other questions then do drop a comment below otherwise i appreciate your time i hope you subscribe i hope you like and i will catch you guys at the next video take care


Amy Klobuchar is continuing her assault on Medicare for All, and look, I really don't know why I'm even talking about her. She has consistently pulled at 1% and she's now at 1.8% following her post-debate surge, so she's gonna be out of this soon. But I mean, her criticisms of Medicare for All, they're so shallow, so intellectually lazy that I feel compelled to respond, because this is the level of political analysis that you'd expect from a Fox News host, that you'd expect from a Republican, and really at the rate that she's going, soon she's gonna be talking about Venezuela and fear-mongering about socialism. But regardless, this is what she had to say about Medicare for All. She trotted out the most laziest attack ever. I get concerned when some of the other candidates are making promises that I don't think that they can keep. So you're saying that Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders are not being straight with people by how they would pay for all these programs? Yes.  Yeah, but I'm thinking big, too. Essentially, Senator Warren said, though, that you're not thinking big enough, you're not thinking bold enough.  So for whatever reason, the audio cut out towards the end, but she said free stuff. So like any standard Republican, she is now bemoaning free stuff. And then she, of course, trotted out the, how are you going to pay for it? Arguments. Brilliance. Bernie Sanders has been explicitly clear in saying how we finance Medicare for All. It's a single payer system. So we all pay into it with a small payroll tax, a tax significantly higher on people making upwards of $250,000 per year, they can afford that. And that's how we pay for it. We eliminate co-pays, premiums and deductibles, but increase taxes and overall we get better healthcare. It's comprehensive. It's free at the point of service and we save money. That's how we pay for it. But if you're really concerned, Amy, about how we pay for things, let me ask you this. How are we going to pay for Donald Trump's military budget, the $700 billion military budget that you voted to increase in 2017? How are we going to pay for that, Amy? Why is it that we're only asked how we're going to pay for things that help people? But when it comes to policies that lead to death and destruction, there's no question. We have the money for it. It is incredibly frustrating. This is a double standard that you'd expect from Republicans. But when Democrats trotted out, it's especially evil, right? Because they are ostensibly supposed to be our allies, at least to an extent. They should be the ones that would defend Medicare for all to the point where they say, look, I don't agree with Medicare for all, but asking how we pay for it is kind of a ridiculous question considering Donald Trump didn't find a way to pay for his tax increase. We just put that on the credit card. We always raise the military budget, never disclose how we're going to pay for that. So let's not talk about how we're going to pay for things unless we actually figure out a way to pay for all of our policies that benefit the war machine and elites. But you know, instead, she's just being lazy and asking, how are we going to pay for Medicare for all? I mean, keep it up, Amy. You can surge. You've probably peaked at 1.8%. I think the highest she went was 2% maybe. So in other words, Democratic Party primary voters, they're not buying what you're selling. Most Democrats want single payer. Most people, a majority of Americans support Medicare for all. Now support has dipped since liars like you have spread disinformation since you've entered the race. Nonetheless, it's still supported by a majority of Americans. So you're not going to be successful at driving down support for Medicare for all because people like myself, people like Bernie Sanders, we will actively fight against the misinformation that you're spreading. But what you are telling us is more about yourself.   So just drop out and endorse whatever corporates Joe Biden because we're not going to win.


In this video, we provide the solution to question number seven for practice exam number four for math 1220, in which case we're given six infinite series that you can see right here. And we're asked to determine which of the following series is convergent by the alternating series test. Now be aware that alternating series test only applies to alternating series that is series that switch between positive and negative. So I can rule out many of these because they're not even alternating series. So whether they're convergent or not is doesn't matter. Like this is a convergent series, but it's not convergent by the alternating series test because it's not even an alternating series. So that itself also eliminates half of the options here. So we have three alternating series like so. Now to apply the alternating series test, you have to look at the absolute sequence. Does that thing decrease? Well, so it's got to be positive, which it is because we're ignoring the alternating sign now. Is it decreasing towards zero? It has to eventually be decreasing towards zero. And now if you look at C there, when you look at the sequence N squared on top, three N squared on the bottom, that sequence as you take the limit, the sequence, and again, I'm not talking about the series, I'm talking about the sequence there. The sequence is going to go off towards, we'll write this out here, the sequence is going to be going off towards one third in that situation, that's not zero. So since that sequence is not going towards zero, it's not convergent by the alternating series test. It's actually divergent by the divergence test. So we're going to throw that one out from any further consideration here. With this one right here, if you ignore the alternating factor, is that thing decreasing towards zero? Well, the top is approximately the square root of N, the bottom is N itself. So this thing is approximately the same thing as the sequence. I'm not talking about the series at the moment, we have to analyze the sequence and know the convergence of the series. So this thing is approximately one over the square root of N. And as N goes to infinity, that does go towards zero. There could be concerns about, is it always decreasing? Well, it doesn't have to always be decreasing, it has to be eventually decreasing. So there actually is some promise with D there. I feel like that's the right answer. The sequence is an alternate sequence that converges towards zero in a decreasing manner. At least it seems like it probably should be decreasing. I have some hesitation there. So let's look at the last possibility just to make sure. Because again, you could show that it's decreasing. You can. If you look at the other one here, I want to show this one doesn't work. Because if you take one over the arc tangent of N, as N goes towards infinity, one over arc tangent is actually going to go off towards one over pi halves, which is two over pi, which is not zero. So again, this one doesn't diverge by the alternate series test. It actually diverges by the divergence test. So by process elimination, it has to be D. But it also agrees with what we saw earlier that, yeah, the sequence does converge towards zero. It's decreasing towards zero. At least eventually it's decreasing towards zero. So the correct answer would be D.


I am the GM of Lucasfilm, I'm the president of Industrial Light and Magic. Lucasfilm was owned by George Lucas and is famous for the Star Wars movies. I remember it like it was yesterday, the moment I walked through the door of the company when I first started. That was a highlight because it is such a well-respected company and it was definitely, I remember the goosebumps at that moment. In my time here I've been lucky enough to work on well over a hundred movies including All Three of the Prequels for Star Wars, All of the New Films, The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi, Rogue One. It felt amazing, it was quite a surprise and an incredible honour and I always feel that any nomination or recognition I get is on behalf of all the hard work of the people that I work with. It's always wonderful to have a chance to highlight their work and it's just wonderful to get nominated for a Welsh award, especially for my mum.


Hey guys, welcome to my channel. So I have another handbag video here for you today If you're new here, I am a beauty makeup review channel and you know, those are the videos 90% of the time But I do love love of handbags. So we do occasionally throw in a handbag video every now and then but if you don't like the handbag videos Don't worry. I do lots of makeup videos But anyways, I want to share with you my newest makeups from coach outlet You guys know what an outlet he I am and then I also picked up a purse from Tory birch retail That I haven't gotten to show you yet But we're gonna start off with the Tory birch because I did feature this in my monthly Favorites I didn't share with you that I picked it up because I ordered it during the Tory birch summer sale Which was a great sale and it took a while for this one to be shipped out I actually took this one on a staycation this weekend away and I am obsessed with it after using it this weekend So here she is you guys have already seen it if you've seen my beauty favorites for this month But this is the Kira Chevron small convertible shoulder bag. It still is on discount I have mine in the shade meadow sweet slash rolled gold the original price on this is $548 but it is on sale right now for 384. This is Tory birch retail. It's not an outlet bag So her bags aren't low up there in price sometimes, but I really wanted a classic Chevron Kira bag from Tory birch This is a classic bag from her and I have one that's really really small in a crochet pattern But I wanted one that was larger in this leather and I think it is so beautiful I'm absolutely obsessed with it. So let's take a look over here a little bit closer I'm not going to talk about it too much since I've already told you guys As you can see it does have the Chevron pattern for the quilted leather kind of look It is quite large honestly for what I'm used to I use very petite bags So the height is six inches the length is nine inches and the depth is 3.2 Which is bigger than what I normally do very small handbag kind of gal the material is lamb skin and It has a magnetic snap closure, which honestly, I don't love this I kind of find it hard to get it to a snap often times. I find I leave it open Which is not good But there are zippers on the inside to kind of help save that but it is a little bit of hard work I feel like to get it fully latch so that's the only con that I have about this bag and then it does have the metal strap with the Leather tops so this is a convertible bag meaning you can wear it as a shoulder bag or a crossbody for me I've been loving shoulder bags lately. So I've been wearing this as a shoulder bag, but it's easy enough Where you can wear it like this as a crossbody now. I'm only 411 So the crossbody is way too long on me. This honestly sits lower on my shoulder It has a pretty big drop as a shoulder bag, but I kind of like that I feel like it's a little bit different as you can see in the demo, but it's not cute as a crossbody on me But if you're really tall, this has a lot of length to it I'm okay with that because I bought this with the intention of using it as a shoulder bag I think it looks really clean and classy. I have it in this beautiful Rosie shade, which is a little bit bright It's not as neutral as I was hoping it to be this blush tone is more Versatile than I thought it would be and taking a look at the inside I have a lot of junk in here. So there are two compartments We have some card slots here and then my junk's on one side. Here's another We also have a zip component here and then a zip component here. It's a very very spacious bag So I'm so happy about this. I really wanted a classic cure like this in my collection from Tory Burch So I'm so happy that I have it. I highly recommend this bag if you're interested. I've been loving it Okay, now let's get into coach outlet because for my staycation I had to hit up the outlets and I picked up a couple of bags. I've got a couple of decent deals We'll start off with the little purchase that I got. So this is a Nolita 19 bag I love Nolita 19s. I already have one in my collection. It's from the J-Lo collection So it has some fur so it's more like wintery So I wanted a really cute summery one because a small bag like this is perfect for summer So I'm obsessed with this. So I got this for I think I actually paid a little bit more than it is online. Okay. No, I paid the same price So this is 75 20 right now and this is the graphic ditzy floral prints So they have a couple of different Nolita sizes the 19 is the perfect tiny shoulder bag Especially if you're a petite person like myself print I think is just so pretty and Summary like this and if you don't know how the Nolita 19s work this strap right here You can unattach and you can wear it as a wristlet as well if you're a wristlet wearer I still like to wear it personally as a shoulder bag, but I just think she is Cute I had to have it. I couldn't resist it was looking Adorable it has a handle with a six and a quarter inch drop Seven and a half inches in length four and a half in height and two inches in width right here It's a printed coated canvas and smooth leather Here is the logo right here and then it has a very nice smooth zip opening And this is what the inside looks like it's just fabric lined you have two card slots here And then a bigger slot over here I do have the largest iPhone size and it's a thin case So you definitely would need a thin case, but you can see I can perfectly fit my cards my phone my keys So this is a quick grab-and-go errands bag And I mean you see this right is this not just Adorable to have under your shoulder or just to hold it like this like this you can have it as a wristlet I love no leads and 19s. They always have different colors and patterns So I can see my no leads and 19 collection Growing a lot in the future because I do love this Oh, and if you can't see it does have a leather tab to pull for the zipper Anyways really excited about this one. This one.  This is the Lucy crossbody in the canvas material they have this and also like a green leather a pink leather and then also a Denim style look to it and they have the canvas in two different colors I went with the classic canvas look over here and let me show you the straps They are not on I saw this in the store and I had to have it. I just had that feeling I was like, this is so beautiful and then here is the Actual strap itself, which is super versatile. You can wear this with other bags as well I really like that because they are detachable and you can put different straps on this bag if you would like So the price I paid for this was a hundred and forty nine dollars I do believe it's a newer release. So just according to like what I've seen from coach I I do think that this will end up going on a deeper kiss discount if you want to hold off on it But it feels really great for a hundred and fifty dollars. So here's the close-up right here Absolutely love the logo and how it looks. So this is a canvas and refined pebble leather bag You can see the pebbled leather right here And then it also has a back pocket right here with the pebbled leather The detachable strap has a 25 inch drop for shoulder or crossbody I'm gonna actually see if I can make this into a shoulder bag as opposed to a crossbody right now and the length on this is eight and three quarter inches Six and a quarter in height and then three and a quarter in width right here So you can actually squeeze a lot in here detachable strap right here Which is also this material and then I just love the details of this. I love that messenger style look So there is a pocket up front here. It's the button Magnetic buttons.  Super cute I mean, I bought it as a crossbody, but I'm excited to see how short I can go ahead and get it But so my fellow petite people, this is the shortest that it will go I think it can definitely be a shoulder bag on some people But if you're very petite like me, this is how short we can get it here So if I really wanted it to be kind of like tucked under the shoulder I would have to switch out the straps, but I actually really like this length anyways Let me see how it looks on the shoulder. Yeah, so not so much of a shoulder bag for me Though, of course I can wear it like this, but when they said it could be a shoulder bag on the website I thought it would be a little bit more up here, but still so cute Anyways, I'm obsessed with this. I love this canvas bag. I think it's really casual, really cute But it still can elevate an outfit.  I can really cute patterns. Just keep an eye out If this pattern doesn't speak to you, they will have more patterns They will have more colors And then this one feels older to me at this point because I've had it for a couple of weeks Just haven't had a chance to show you but I do love my Tory Burch Kira bag But I do want to show you actually size comparisons So I did show you how the Kira right here was bigger than what I'm used to Here's how it looks compared to the Nolita 19 The Nolita 19 looks so tiny And then the Lucy here is a bit bigger than the Nolita 19 But still smaller than the Tory All right, you guys. Anyways, there we have it Those are the newest handbags to my collection. Let me know your thoughts I know you guys really like Tory Burch and Coach So I'm excited that I could show you those If you are interested in picking these up, I will have them linked below And if you're new to the purse world, make sure you subscribe to me I post good deals that I find I'm a big outlet shopper Big contemporary brand shopper when it comes to purses So I do love luxury But I like having variety So that's why I love contemporary And anyways, I hope you guys enjoyed this video and found it helpful Let me know which bag was your favorite The Tory Burch The Lucy Crossbody or the Nolita 19 And that's all I have Thank you so much for liking this video and being subscribed to my channel And I'll catch you guys in the next one Bye guys, have a good one


I think that the ego is the belief in sacrifice, and it's the belief that you can leave God and make up an identity apart from divinity, apart from spirit. So that's at the base. If you went all the way down to the unconscious mind, you'd see that the ego is the belief in sacrifice, and as long as you believe in the ego, it seems like sacrifice is real. In order to say, okay, I'm going to desire you God with all my heart, soul and might, I'm going to forgive and be forgiven, and I'm going to come home in awareness to the home I never left in heaven, and the ego is going to say, well, that's just, you know, that's not acceptable, and are you going to give up the good things of life? There's good things on earth. You're going to have to give up the good things as well as the bad things, and you don't really want to do that. You know, you don't even know whether that voice is telling you the truth about this so-called spiritual kingdom, so it's like saying, you know, just be careful about that. But actually what I found in my life was the chorus to me was just one big invitation, and it was like the spirit was saying, just trust me. You know, these ideas maybe seem very radical, some of them you may resist, you know, some of them you may just push away, but just do the lessons and trust me, I'll take you with that trust into an experience. Like, for example, when I started reading the chorus about special relationships and holy relationships, I think most people who read those nine chapters from 15 to 24 about special relationships and holy relationships, they still are thinking in terms of persons and bodies.  It's kind of a way of taking you in and then the deeper you go in, deeper and deeper and deeper, you get certain to a turning point when you're working with this going deeper, you start to see it's about the holy instant, about the present moment, about letting go of everything that you believe is good and real and true, like nothing I see means anything, it starts off with the first lesson to try to unwind you from everything you believe about the world. And then you get to a certain point where the ego will go, you don't want to do this course because he's going to ask you to let go of interpersonal relationships at some point because he's saying, God did not create this world and God didn't create the body and what's the one thing that interpersonal relationships are based on is bodies. Even you ask people, are you in a relationship or not, their answer is probably going to have something to do with proximity of bodies, what bodies do together and the frequency of contact of bodies and if there's not a lot of that going on it's going to be like, no I'm single. If there's a lot of this going on, a lot of contact, the more the better, if there's a lot of this going on, you're going to say, I'm in a relationship now and that applies like a commitment and so on and so forth. Well you can see the Holy Spirit's taking us to a whole different perception of everything that we perceive and everyone we perceive where in the end we're opening this spiritual vision, the vision of Christ which takes us beyond the body entirely, back into spiritual awakening. That's very scary to the ego, the ego is like, whoa that's really unfamiliar, that's like totally unfamiliar and the ego will say that doesn't even exist, there's just a God and He's going to punish you and if you're really good, if you're a good little boy and a good little girl then you go into heaven, a place called heaven, even makes heaven into a place and if you're not you're going to go to hell, you're going to get judged and you're going to get turned away, that's the ego's version of spirituality, scary, scary, scary but this is the Spirit saying, we're going to take you into an experience that transcends that so maybe we can talk a little bit about relationship that goes beyond the body because you know maybe you want to know a little bit more about that because this is where it's heading, the ego does not like the end and so it's going to fight against the means to take you to the end, the ego does not like the course of miracles, it's like that is not going in a good direction, basically the ego says eat, drink and be merry for one day we shall die, you know, like lift it up because you're going to die anyway and the Spirit's like saying, well actually there's more than eat, drink and be merry for one day we shall die, now relationship I have found in my life that when I gave my life over to the Holy Spirit and Jesus 25 years ago with the Course then then I'll tell you what happened after that, it's just to kind of ease your mind a little bit because otherwise it can get frightening but it's actually been really wonderful, instead of having, I mean most people think of an interpersonal relationship as some kind of fulfillment, if there's something empty there's a hole there and that an interpersonal relationship would bring more intimacy, more connection, more love where there seems to be a hole lacking, there was a woman one time who interviewed all these people and she interviewed single people and married people and she said to both of them what's the best thing about being single and what's the worst thing about being single and she went to the married people and said what's the best thing about being married and what's the worst thing, the single people said the best thing about being single is freedom and the worst thing about being single is lack of intimacy, anybody relate to that? Survey said ding ding ding, she went to the married people and she said the married people said the best thing about being married is intimacy and the worst thing about being married is lack of freedom, very interesting that your marital status would have such a big impact on your freedom and your intimacy as if your marital status determines your freedom and your intimacy so why is this so skewed, why are the results so even though everybody cannot and relate to them it's because the freedom that the single people were talking about was freedom of the body and in the Course of Miracles Jesus says what do you want freedom of the body or freedom of the mind for both you cannot have, he comes right out and says both you cannot have so if we're looking for some kind of a mix between heaven and earth where we come into an interpersonal relationship where we get the best, best of both worlds, the best of the spiritual realm and the best of the carnal realm okay tonight new show you know mix and match you know let's get the best of both what the Course is really saying is you can experience heaven only by giving your full devotion and attention to heaven by focusing your full attention on the kingdom of heaven you bring it into your awareness and when your attention is split and you're desiring other things you get mixed results and it's very conflictual so what I've discovered is there's a purpose when I've joined in this purpose I found the intimacy and I found the freedom but I didn't find either one in personhood or interpersonal relationships the survey was looking only to the bodies that were single and coupled bodies and it was looking for the freedom and the intimacy right where it could never be found and that's why they were they were discontent both the single people and the married people were saying we're not fully content there must be something more and how does that work with relationships well when I gave gave my mind and resources everything over to the Holy Spirit then I could see that the body was just a communication device and I this body and other bodies were used in a way to be a witness for a state of mind that was beyond this world I mean it kind of gets your attention when you come across in this world happy people you know even when you're going through your day it doesn't matter if it's a waitress in a restaurant or you know it's somebody in a butcher shop or it's somebody here or there you just you don't know where it's gonna be when you find somebody who's strikingly happy strikingly peaceful strikingly joyful it's like it gets your attention it's like oh hi hi I like to get to know you spend a little more time with you what's what's going on in your life and for me I've drawn a lot of witnesses like that because because it's all been about sharing this deep message people say how do you how do you gain a sense of intimacy without interpersonal relationships well I've been traveling in the parable 31 year 31 countries and for 20 some years and what I found is in sharing this message when I would go into countries where they did I didn't speak the language I thought I don't know how that's gonna work because I just I'm not bilingual or multi-lingual here I know how this will go over but even the translators that were sent to me I never went to hire or look to find translators and some of the gatherings I had anywhere from I think in Argentina there was like 14 translators that were always around me when I did these gatherings just sent spontaneously and I found that as I was letting the Holy Spirit rip through me and pour through me and they were going and excited sharing it in Espanol or whatever the language was Mandarin or you know German or French or whatever we were both being used for a very holy purpose we were both tuned in to that purpose and there were actually times when we ended up doing simultaneous translations where both of us were speaking is like Pentecost and what it wasn't a cadence of one and then the other we were both speaking the same content in different languages and just kind of look looking at each other and amazement sometimes because there wasn't really translating going on we were like doing channeling with two different languages at the same time just like in Pentecost when everyone was all all the languages were being spoken and the joy and the glory to me that's intimate that that that is a most intimate experience such a feeling of deep connection and love and then I was paired up with all these different translators around the world and those were the kind of experiences that we were having and yeah recently was in Belgium wasn't that last months ago or something we were in Belgium and that was what was going on the French and the English and it was just the glee and the joy of that we could feel it everyone could feel it was very deep and intimate and also a sense of freedom because when you have that that connection and you're so connected to the spirit you do feel free you don't feel bound to the world you don't your mind is not thinking about how am I going to survive and what's going to happen tomorrow and how am I going to deal with that you know the typical things that the egoic mind is in your mind is lifted up into a realm that's higher than those doubts and fears and concerns and you're just you're like you're just emanating from this higher place that's the ultimate freedom the freedom is it's not freedom of the body there are even those that came before us like Gandhi you know Gandhi was quite happy when he was in prison you know he wrote most of his writings in prison you know he spent decades in prison and he was very very happy exchanging vegetarian recipes with you know the prison you know he was he was really doing what people would say people do when they're not in prison he was doing in prison all he was showing us is it's a state of mind prison is a state of mind and that's what the matrix teaches us to Morpheus tells him it's a prison for your mind you know if you cannot smell taste or touch a prison for your mind and now we've come upon the course and living the course and found that that is actually the gateway to a free mind


ave some kind of a joint meeting for that presentation since they are very much part of that plan and that he was going to talk with the school board tonight about what they wanted to do it's possible that they that that doesn't work and they don't want to do that and that that's perfectly fine but just wanted to make folks aware that that is a possibility uh and so if we had a a joint meeting well i'm not sure i i assume it would be here but i could be wrong about that too um of two sets of procedures to follow uh similar to the i mean the last time we did that was when we had um berry here for a joint meeting that was uh you know like it was interesting like and it worked and it was fine but we had to navigate by a couple sets of rules anyway uh that that is it for me oh uh john oh just that i love that little park and what you do is you go to birch grove and you get your coffee and your muffins and then you just walk down there and sit there and watch that's what we do perfect that was it no problem so i got i've got a few things um also with regard to the next meeting obviously we will have this homelessness issue on the table as well so between that and net zero we'll probably have a beautiful agenda so i don't want me to talk about whether that's the night for the police it won't be done so so yeah we'll just be looking at our schedules there uh so just juggling juggling and i think c jack maybe uh so they were planning to come that night so we'll have to love to see so just that's so there's that um one thing someone mentioned the pool um some people may have noticed that the pool tower doesn't have the normal plant that you walk out to jump off of those are taken down each year for maintenance and often need some upgrading and repair and they get inspected by an independent third party because of covid and retirements in our rec department they were sort of put away so we're not sure if they're safe to put up yet so we're going to be doing due diligence on that but if people ask or wonder why they're not up it's not that we don't want kids to dive off the high tower it's just we want to make sure if they do so it's safe so there's that uh earlier tonight we mentioned garton park and we've had a lot of conversations about that and as Steve correctly noted there's been a fair amount of issues so i think we reached a conclusion we took a look at counter councils actions and on january 13 and again on march 14 uh april 14 you voted to approve grants a grant which would redesign that whole area on 12 main street and that included moving garton park to that spot and we didn't get the grants for the whole design but unless you tell me otherwise we're going to assume that that vote meant to move the park and we can do that with our own people and we'll be doing that as soon as we can schedule it so we'll be moving it there putting it in the location as per that plan that you voted and um cleaning it and all of that we think it's time probably beyond time that that happened so we're just planning to take that action and just if you indulge me two seconds because you mentioned the double meaning i was talking to someone when i was on vacation a fellow manager and they told me that there's a town in maryland but it's also in Delaware it it's on it crosses both so the i came i'm turning the name of the town and so they actually had two mayors two councils but one manager one police department one everything so they have to do everything not only with two towns but two state laws and funding and all of that so join me when the school board doesn't sound so fast come on yes thank you all right um and so uh we anticipate that we have some things to discuss in executive sessions we do two things so one is a legal update regarding the hotel and garage project the other is collective bargaining statuses so is there a we can have one motion to do both maybe uh yes go ahead just curious i heard from several community members kind of concerned that we're having a garage conversation in executive session i know the piece that we do need to talk about does need to be an executive session but maybe just we could give it i don't know an update of what's happening and why we need to go into executive sessions so people understand why whatever can be said public's well i think sure so we we've had recent decisions from the courts and um we need to update the impact on that and what that means for us moving forward and if we should move forward if we shouldn't and how about that impact so that's what we'll be talking about legal strategy yep thank you yeah that's your question uh yeah jack i move that we find that premature general public knowledge of the contract negotiations and pending civil litigation will clearly place the city at a substantial disadvantage second there's motion in a second any further discussion okay all in favor please say aye aye and opposed and is there another motion i move that we enter executive session to discuss the collective bargaining negotiations and the status of the litigation that we've been that i just mentioned second okay uh motion in second any further discussion oh i should say that that motion includes uh having the city manager and anybody else or just and city manager in attendance okay all right so okay um that's fair okay um there's been a motion in second all in favor please say aye aye and opposed okay great thank you and we will return to adjourn right basically so you didn't quit doing decision after