Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Contract Packaging Association's webinar on the rise of the planet of the co-bots. We're going to give everybody another minute to log in, but again, I want to start this session off. I am Ron Buvak. I am the Managing Director of the Contract Packaging Association, and we're pleased to bring you this webinar, produced by Yashkawa, a modal man, on collaborative robots. A quick word about the CPA, our obligatory self-promotion, we're an organization that's been around since 1992. We are the leader in increasing the knowledge and expertise within the industry. We also encourage the effective use of contract packaging, and we increase the industry profile through its capabilities and innovation of its members. Just very quickly, core member benefits, our multiple, I won't spend a lot of time on this, but I want to draw your attention to that we have a tool called the RFQ tool. This tool generates over 90 to 100 requests per month for people looking for services by our members. It's a very effective tool. Now, let's go ahead and get started. All of you are on mute at this time. If you have any questions, please use the question box, the D on the screen, send your question in in Q&A, and we'll respond to as many as we can. This webinar is being recorded and will be posted on the CPA website at contractpackaging.org within a few days. Today our presenter is Jack Oles, sales manager of CPG, Escalo America, Motoman Robotics Division. Jack's got over 25-year history within the packaging automation market. He served as the general manager of a leading stretch wrap equipment manufacturer, served as the national sales manager of a robotics system integrator for complete end of the line and primary secondary packaging, and he's currently the sales manager of CPG Division for Escalo Motoman Robotics. Jack, I believe we're prepared. Would you please take it from here? Well, thank you very much, Ron, and to the members of the Contract Packaging Association, thank you for your time. Rise of the Cobots. I can assure you we're friend, not foe, so we're here to help, and ultimately Cobot is an acronym for collaboration. So today we're going to collaborate together on helping you understand applications and ultimately what and where collaborative robots can assist in your manufacturing processes. What I'd like to do is start with an agenda so you understand what the key topics will be. Obviously, Ron did a wealth of information to help me understand more about Contract Package Associations. We'll touch on that, and then our friends at PMMI have done great work in market analysis. We'll talk a little bit about what's driving the packaging market. Influencers that I'm sure you as a collective group are seeing and experiencing. Then we're going to take a deep dive. We're going to start understanding what a robot is, more of a 101 baseline, but then branch out into the definitions of collaborative and the Cobot industry. We'll shift a little bit of a focus to understand where these applications may provide benefits within a contract packaging environment. We'll wrap up with a summary of who we are at Yaskawa Motelman, and then ultimately some final questions and answers, and we'll hope to get those addressed in a timely fashion today. So thanks to Ron, I learned a lot, and I'm very impressed with the size and the growth of Contract Packaging Association. Projected to be a $75 billion global industry in two to three years. Very aggressive compound growth rate of almost 12 percent. Obviously the United States is the market share leader in that, and as we all know, the manufacturers drive that, and they're focused on their core business and controlling their costs. But the profile of the Contract Packager I learned a little bit more. You can serve as a primary contract packaging entity. You can actually do contract manufacturing, which could be a complete process line. Obviously secondary packaging, repackaging, but you swim in the food, consumer products, and beverage fields. But both today and what's projected in two to three years, contract manufacturing and the food, vertical market, and also secondary packaging are your number one and number two sectors. I've been into a lot of your facilities, and obviously I see a lot what's kind of shown here on the left. A lot of people, a lot of products, a lot of diversity in packaging profiles. But it's interesting, I wanted to show a profile in your actual trade magazine. A couple, three years ago, one of our systems partners integrated multiple robots to provide some automation for palletizing. And actually this line put the cornerboards on the pallet with robots. So there are becoming more robotic applications within your network. So PNMI generated last year, their industry research report in automation. And ultimately what we're seeing in this is there are trends driving investments in manufacturing automation. These are things that I'm sure a lot of your groups are seeing, experiencing, are probably challenged with. But more importantly, maybe on the right are some improvements that automation can achieve. Specifically in contract manufacturing, we learn and understand that you're very volatile. You're very dynamic. You have to react quickly to markets, to your customers, to products. So the ability to run shorter runs, the ability to make changeovers more efficiently and quickly, run multiple sizes and configurations are very important to you. And those are attributes that automation and robotics can generally help you achieve. But now we're going to start talking about the elephant in the room that we all know. I hear virtually every day when I travel. And that is labor and the effects of labor. So the continuation of this report talked about the actual prioritization of trends for automation. Number one is labor, not just skilled labor, but labor in general. If we look at the balance of that, we will see smart machine technology, co-bots, robots, et cetera. It definitely is a mandatory point to consider when you automate. But what's really interesting when PMI generated this report, which reflects the voice of us, the manufacturers, the consumers, et cetera, is the immigration laws relative to labor availability, and ultimately the uncertainty around these immigration laws that are affecting the ability to obtain vital labor resources. So it's something that everyone is now very keen to focus on and look for ways to negate the impact of labor. So let's shift focus a little bit, and we'll start talking now about the meat of the presentation. Ultimately, what a robot is, what a co-bot is, and what a collaborative robot is. One thing to look at is you'll see in a collaborative environment, it can be a co-bot or also a standard industrial robot. It all depends on the safety parameters and the risk assessment, which we'll talk about shortly. Robots 101, this is probably the cornerstone of something to remember, not just as a takeaway from today, but I'd encourage you to think about it when you're looking at a robotic application for any future application, and that is what is a robot. It literally emulates what our human arm does. It's articulation of multiple axes, and those joints can move either in harmony with each other or in a straight line. But the three parameters, and we'll touch on this throughout this presentation, is A, the lifting capacity, how much weight can you lift? B, how far do you need to extend or reach with that particular product in your grasp? And three, how fast do you need to do that, applying the first two, of course, and that results in a gauge to how fast is your production line. So put it in human terms, if you're lifting weight, how fast do you lift it, how far do you have to reach it, and how much weight there is. But the robotic industry, everyone, has really evolved into a lot more progressive technologies beyond just the articulating robot. The sophistication of tooling, or which is referred to as a hand, can perform multiple tasks. They can have tactile feedback. They can become intelligent in themselves, engage pressure forces, and things of that nature. We now are moving robots. It could be on a linear slider. Ultimately, we're deploying them on AGV vehicles to have some intelligence and be able to go to multiple locations in a prepath function or routine. Obviously, the brain or the software, just like our computers and laptops, have become much more sophisticated. The same applies to a robot. And we're also now deploying 3D vision, depth perception vision. So robots with vision can ascertain products basically in a pile or a group with multiple shapes. So we begin to see the evolution of technology has affected the robot industry as well. So now we're here to talk about co-bots. What is a co-bot? Ultimately, by definition, a co-bot is working with a human, either A in a shared workspace, or B and or actually interacting with the robot, as illustrated in this 3D animation. So we'll show basically how a robot functions in this brief video. I hope it's not too choppy, but I want you to pay attention to the very first few moments because you're going to see the key element of a co-bot, which is what's defined as PFL, Power Force Limiting. It's what protects the human. So you'll see the robot begin to operate, and if a human approaches the robot in its motion, as you'll see right here, the robot will safely stop. It stops on a collision. So when that occurs, it says, I've contacted a force. I don't know what to do. Human, please reset me and let me go and continue my job. And that's what that general did. Now we're showing the second facet of collaborative robots, which are hand guiding or simple teaching of the robot. So what this gentleman is demonstrating is he's moving the robot to specific points in space. And as it's achieved that point in space, he's going to input with a little button on the hub of the robot. I want to lock that point in space and then migrate the robot to another point in space. So basically you're teaching the robot its actual job function. A good example for contract packaging would be case packing, or carton packing, where you have a lot of different products. So that pick, traverse, and place positions will change. He's going to demonstrate that right here. So if you can imagine, this is the pick point. He's starting from the beginning. And he's going to approach that pick point. And he's going to lock it into position. And that robot's going to retain those coordinates in space very simply. He'll activate the gripper. And then he's going to path it over to its destination point, which in this case, for example, could be a carton or a case. And then he's going to insert it and lock those positions in space. And there's your program. So literally in a minute, two minutes, someone with very basic skills can program the robot in basic terms. Once that's performed, we all, as we know with machines, you still need a master input device, which is some type of a pendant. He is going to now convert that to an automatic function. And you'll see it demonstrated. Now this is in collaborative mode.  But it runs at a certain speed because of the risk of human contact. Progressive robots, we utilize what we call functional safety, can also allow the robot to run at faster speed with the same job. But you need to have some additional safety barriers. It could be a light curtain, something of that nature. So in visual terms, that's how a cobot operates and is programmed. But it's a little bit more of a refined definition of what cobots or collaboration is. And hopefully this simple visual will help break it down into three distinct avenues that probably are relative to all of your facilities. The first one is the robot coexists with the human. And that means they don't really share the same working space, but the human may occasionally walk into that space. So you need to have a little bit of safety protection for the human. An example of this could be in a production line, you've got a human that may have to pass by the robot very closely, maybe to replace a dunnage upstream, film, cardboard, cartons, etc. But their interaction through the robot space is maybe less than 5% of the time. The second mode of operation is cooperation, which means they do have a shared working area and the human can enter the zone somewhat regularly, but they're performing different tasks. The human is really not interacting with the robot. A good example would be if you have a case packing application, maybe bottles into a case, a very tight floor space, and after that the bottles are case packed, an operator adjacent to the robot needs to put caps or stems or pump handles into that case because of the intricacy of that operation. That's cooperation with the robot. Third definition is full collaboration. This is where the human frequently and constantly interferes with or interacts with the robot path program. And an example of this might be on a rotary multi-station indexing cable for blister pack operations where the robot can place the blister film, but the next step might be due to small intricate parts. The operator has to put the parts into the blister, and then the next step could be the robot puts on the back stock. So hopefully that paints a little bit more finite review of the three different types of collaboration, and all of them can exist in one facility, but there are solutions for each. So we talked a little bit about, excuse me, power force limitation, and you'll see the definition on that above. What that simply means is in each joint of the robot we have sensors, and those sensors have a certain force or torque value associated. If anything exceeds that as a spike, a robot contacts something, it will safely stop or and move away. One of the dangers is we don't want to clamp. We don't want to compress and crush someone's hand or foot or something of that nature. So I'm going to avoid the the technical weeds of the global safety standards for robotics, because it'll put you all to sleep, but there is one key standard, which is the ISO 15066. That's the global governance for collaborative robots, and they've defined that as these four modes, power force limiting and hand guiding. We just demonstrated that in the video. The other two modes are safely monitored stop and speed and separation monitoring, and again, now that opens it up to a wide range of industrial robots that don't have power force limiting or hand guiding, but can still be defined as collaborative with proper safety measures. So we're going to jump ahead a little bit and hopefully show a visual of kind of what this means when you start looking at a robotic application and collaboration with humans. And in simple terms, if you look at this picture on the right, you'll see an operator near a conveyor maybe with a tray and a robot. That yellow box is basically invisible safety barriers that can breed programmed and assigned within the robot controller. And it's telling the robot, stay inside this box. Don't exceed the distance of that box, okay? But what we're showing here is when you consider a robot application, there's a few things you need to understand. Number one, where is the robot and its reach in relation to where the position of the operator is? Is the operator close enough that the robot can contact or touch the operator? Number one, number two, remember we talked about the speed of the operation. There are some functions in your environment that requires higher speed. Speed relates to force, relates to impact. So the faster the robot moves, the more impact force can be applied to a human. Taking that a step further, the ISO standard governs how much force a human can absorb in various parts of his or her body. Obviously, lower forces at the head, higher forces in the torso and legs. So that's part of the risk analysis of where can a robot contact a human if there is contact? Another thing to consider is what that hand looks like, that tool. Does it have sharp edges? Is it rounded in plastic and protected? So we're just kind of giving you some ideas to think about when you look at a robotic application and a viable integrator or a robotic supplier will help you with this. And ultimately, this leads to an important facet. By code, by law, every integration system has to have what's defined as a risk assessment. That is an OSHA requirement. And the process is simply to A, identify what hazard exists when you come up with a robotic configuration just like your automated equipment you have now. It's all under the same risk assessment protocol. Understand what the hazard is. And taking it a step further, evaluate what the risk estimation is. Where are the areas that incidences can occur? The third step is to reduce those areas of risk and then ultimately establish a plan to the safety codes so humans are protected. So we're going to shift a little bit further now. We've painted a picture of hopefully the robots themselves, how they work, and what a collaborative robot is. But this is now more of a practical example. This slope chart does paint a kind of a good visual of, I'm assuming on the lower left, what a lot of the contract packages are faced with. I've listened to a lot of your peers and obviously the product variety and needing to maintain flexibility, dynamics of display cartons and trays, things of that nature, are sometimes very challenging to do. But obviously, because of those, it's a very labor intrinsic process. On the other extreme, if you fully automate something, you gain productivity or output production rates, but you also are more governed to a volumetric lot size. You want to set up and run high volumes, not so many changeovers because that's loss of efficiency on a production line. But now with the advent of cooperative robots, collaborative robots, like the 80-20 rule, you can still automate 80% of that function where it makes sense. But now you can still blend in some of the human factors to help alleviate some of the challenges due to the variety and our flexibility of products that you need for some of your customers. So hopefully this kind of helps paint a picture that you've now got a bridge to help you and gain a little bit more efficiency in your processes. So to kind of wrap up a little bit about the collaborative market, we've identified four key pillars of where these would be applied relative to a customer's acceptance. But our voice of customer feedback, it always starts with ease of use on the lower right. Customers have said, listen, I'm in a contract environment, or maybe a 3PL, or maybe a distribution logistics environment, don't have a lot of technical wherewithal. And I certainly don't want to send people to quote-unquote robot school. So we really need to make it simple, easy. Operators can interact. We can do simple tasks ourselves. So that's one of the advantages when you understand the collaborative with hand guiding, and we will show you a tool shortly that helps make it very easy to deploy. Secondly, operator safety. We all know and understand and respect the value of protecting operators. So with the tactile feedback, understanding that the robots can safely stop and retract if there's a clamping force, and then being able to keep it in a safe working environment, it's, again, something that is basically a requirement, not a request. Third, because it's a robot, it's very capable. Robots always generally provide an improvement in the production rate. And by improvement, that's defined in many different areas, not just the actual rate of production, but you're improving your product quality in many cases, your product accuracy in many cases. You avoid the risk of product contamination or cross-pollination, which is very important in some of your pharma companies. So there's a lot of pluses in the column when you look at a robotic application. And lastly, obviously, we're all faced with justifiable return on investment. Most times, if you have a multiple shift operation, robotic or collaborative applications generally are very achievable. As far as Yaskawa's collaborative robot is concerned, I'll touch on the first three bullet points, because, again, it speaks down to those three elements of a robot. 10 kg payload, this is lifting capacity, 1.2 meter horizontal reach, max speed, one meter per second. But we would put an asterisk there because, as we've learned, speed is relative to the human risk, which may be prevalent on a specific application with a risk assessment. So if you've got a human very close, with maybe a sharp tool and the human's head may be exposed, your max speed will need to be less than that based on the risk assessment and the PFL input. So we're going to touch a little bit on simplicity. And remember, the path you're teaching of the collaborative robot gives you the basic parameters, your Cartesian points in space. But you still need some type of an input, a master input to do any type of program modifications or adjustments, just like you have on an HMI, on every machine you have in your plant. In robot terms, that's always called a teach pendant. This is Yaskawa's new smart pendant. And one of the things that we learn from customers is we don't want this pendant to be that's been the quote unquote robot pendant for decades, with a lot of buttons that looks like a dashboard cockpit on a 737. It's very intimidating to operators. So we put it more into a tablet form that visually looks very close to a Windows or a computer screen, very simple drop down menus, a lot of help Windows that open up and can help guide customers through the process. But one of the unique things that we developed, and this is first to the market, is we put an IMU, an inertial measurement unit, think of a gyroscope. Because in the old robot terms, you always had to know where you were in relation to the robot. With the IMU, that's negated. So if you circle around the robot, you can jog the robot in very simple human terms, left, right, forward, back. This is kind of a game changer. And it's something that again, customers are embracing because again, we're making the robot very simple to interact with. So shifting forward, where are applications in contract packaging for collaborative robots? And I apologize. I've been into a lot of facilities. I've seen a lot of these applications. If I missed some, I'd love to know where else they can play. But I would assume most of these are what you're experiencing right now. If you look at the visual, you'll see some cells are caged, some are open. So again, it depends on the application. A couple things I'll leave you with here to think about. Number one, you see some fixed automation there at the end of the lines. I mean, there's nothing against fixed automation, non-robotic. But one of the facets of robotic solution is it's defined as a redeployable asset, which means you can simply redeploy that robot for other functions in the future by modifying the tool and or the program. It's a lot more flexible to do and it's a lot more cost advantageous to do, not as restrictive. We've seen a couple of our partners do some unique things in contract packaging by using robots to automatically depalitize pallets and cut the top of the cases off pallets for preparation for secondary packaging. So you can start to think outside the box a little bit. There's nothing wrong with a bad question because likely it's been thought about and maybe even deployed with a robotic solution. So to wrap up, who we are, Yaskawa Electric. We are now 103 years of innovation. Innovation is our core. We have an innovation center in Japan. We have an innovation center in the United States and Texas. And that's really our core DNA, is innovation of new technology. We are the number one global share leader in robotics in AC servo drives and also in inverters. Headquartered in Kitakyushu, Japan, but our U.S. facility is headquartered in beautiful tropical Miami's Berg, Ohio, just south of Dayton, Ohio, where we house about 650 employees and then we have 10 facilities throughout the Americas. Before we get to questions, just a quick plug. If anyone will be attending PAC Expo in Chicago next month, we'd welcome hosting you, Christine and I at our Yaskawa booth. This is what we call our pub. It is actual collaborative robot with two different drafts of beer on tap. And you can walk up in a friendly environment and chat with the robot. And the bartender will serve you the beer of your choice. So that is an open invitation to stop on by. And again, thank you for your time and attention. Hopefully you found some information worthwhile. Jack, thank you. Very interesting, fascinating presentation. We appreciate that. Being a beer connoisseur, I'm sorry. I'm going to have to stop by your booth and check it out. So thank you very much for that offer. We have some time for a few questions here. Jack, you talk about the portability, the employability of robotic systems, these robotic systems. Can you give us a sense of what exactly is that mean? Are we talking line configuration has to be set to be able to redeploy or is it pretty open-ended? That's a good question, Ron. Actually, I'd look at a two-fold. On a collaborative robot, because of its size, it's a smaller robot, it can actually be deployed on a portable car, removable handle. You'd have to lock it into position because it's, again, looking for its coordinates in space, XYZ. But many times it can be just by a hand pulled and guided just like a walkie-through-a-plant and put into position at another location as long as you secure it with locking casters and a position reference point like a drop pin. Very easy to redeploy. But if you get into a main process line, let's say you've got six to eight different packaging machines, but that production line goes away, but the robot itself can be simply picked up, removed, and then reintegrated into another complete line. As you've seen, if you visit a lot of contract-packed manufacturers, flexibility and be able to replace equipment is very critical. One of the questions, again, with any piece of machinery and robotics is that, is the time to retool and to set up and to configure. Can you give us a sense? Again, I'm sure each application is different, but can you give us a sense of what that looks like, how often you might have to retool, what's going to be the considerations there? Okay. The tooling is one of the most important facets of any robotic application because it's the surface contact to pick and manipulate the product itself. That could be in a form of a vacuum tool, a clamp tool, a fork tool, multiple tools. The tooling itself is now more readily available. There are many companies that exist only to provide the end-of-arm end-effectors for robots. One of the services we provide to customers is if they have an application, we can point them to a library of tooling suppliers. There are several that make tools specifically to the collaborative robots. It's almost a plug-and-play type of application. For reprogramming a robot, it really depends on the application. But in general terms, it could be done same day, one or two days. It's a very efficient process to reprogram a robot. You had some applications. You had a quality control application. Curiosity is being asked, what exactly have you seen in those kind of applications? What are the quality control examples? It's a good question. There are a variety of different levels of quality control. It could be volumetric control. It could be weight. It could be visual. It could be for presence of labels, things of that nature. The robots can be utilized to pick product, let's say off of a line. You can use 2D cameras and you can inspect for presence of a product, label, RFID tag, anything of that nature. Robots with vision can ascertain to a limitation inferior quality of products coming down a line. You can use 2D vision, which can affect if there's a product crush, maybe a missing flap, damage to an actual food product, could be a cookie or a cracker. We do a wide variety of quality control inspections in relation to a robot, ultimately to prevent that damaged product or non-standard product to be finally packaged. One of the other questions coming through is the maintenance and downtime aspects. Every piece of machinery needs some kind of PM maintenance. Can you give us a sense of are the robots, collaborative robots needing a little bit more? Is there specific recommendations on PMs, things like that that you can offer? Sure. In our terms, our collaborative robot is basically has the same Yaskawa servers that our industrial robot family has. Robots in general have what's called an average mean time between failure, which an industrial robot is well over 60,000 hours in a collaborative robot. It's probably going to be in the 30 to 40,000 hour range from a preventive maintenance interaction standpoint. Generally, we recommend anywhere between 8,000 to 12,000 hours of operation would be your first scheduled preventive maintenance interval. Prior to that, it's basically just monitoring lubrication levels. And if there's any chronic faults or error codes based on overloading or anything like that. But ultimately by definition, the robot would generally have the highest uptime of any piece of equipment in your plant based on its utilization of servo draft technology. The question coming through, what do you see as the biggest hurdle of implementing these robotic lab or robot systems today? Where are you guys facing? What are the big questions? What are the hurdles you guys seem to have to overcome? That's a great question. I didn't state this in the presentation, but to be in full transparency, there's an erroneous perception somewhat communicated by some of the selling channels of collaborative robots to customers that quote unquote, you never need a safety fence. And that would be one of the biggest challenges because unfortunately, many customers have that perception and they believe that we just deploy this robot and I never need a safety fence. Now in many applications, you may not need a safety fence, but I go back to the value of a risk assessment because each and every application is different. So we want to protect the operators and you want to apply safety measures where it's important. The second challenge in the collaborative robot market is speed, reach, capacity because again, it's force, it's input. So if I've got a 10 kg robot, I'm only able to go so fast. And because of the horsepower drive, I can only contact someone so abruptly with so much force. But if I'm in a 20 or 30 or 50 kg robot, it's like the difference between a ball peen hammer and a sledge hammer, correct? Same motion, but you're going to feel it impact a lot more. So when we utilize the power force limiting collaborative robot, you're limited on how fast you can go, which sometimes does not meet the requirement of packaging because you have to package faster. So for a PFL collaborative robot, that's another hurdle. We have solutions in our industrial family that we can do in other modes of collaboration with light curtains and floor skinners, but on a PFL mode, you're limited to how fast you can go, which is directly tied into production rate. I'd say those are the two biggest challenges right now. Okay, great. In your world here on the trends, do you see the, what is the trend on collaborative robots such as full automation robots? Which one do you see people are adopting quicker, sooner? Is there any trend there? Yes, there are, Ron. Actually, both in market segments are trending up at an aggressive rate. There's no, there's no debate on that topic. The collaborative market, simply by its newness, is a much more rapid growth rate, and there's more discussion about it. But hand in hand with that, there's still an evolution of the safety codes relative to collaborative robots. One of our engineers at our facility serves on the Global RIA Collaborative Safety Board. So he's involved with helping write those safety standards, and they are evolving simply because there's been some injuries. So keep that in mind. You'll start to see it plateau a little bit. There's more and more people attempting to get into the collaborative market. And unfortunately, some of the robots are not what we would define as industrial duty. They just don't have the robustness, the longevity, the quality. So it's a very dynamic market. Industrial robotics continue to grow and they will continue to grow overall. So the rise of the co-bots, I would redefine that as rise of robots in general. It's going to be continually growing industry. Would it be safe to say you could see a doubling of the collaborative robots in use in a year, two years? I would say in three to five years you'll probably see a double. Okay, thank you. How would you find a robotic integrator? You talked about using a robotic integrator. How would one go about finding that person? That's another good question. In a prior life I served as a robotic integrator. There's good, there's medium, and there's bad ones out there. We all know, just like any other equipment manufacturer. One of the things we do at Yaskawa is we try to vet that. We have a whole matrix of all of our integrators. So when an end customer, and I interact with end customers daily, when they ask about an application and who would be a good candidate, we can impartially direct them to two or three or four that they can evaluate themselves. It helps with that, the process. I would look for experience in a certain industry. If they're looking for carton packing, case packing, depalitizing, ask for some experience. And they've done something similar and they share videos. It's hard to go into a third-party customer to see something anymore because of IP, but it's certainly good to get their profile and history. And I would also check on their size if they have the bandwidth, both in engineering and production and project management, etc. The third question I'd ask is, how many years have they been doing robotics? If it's just one or two years, may be a little new. Not that that's a bad thing, but there's a lot of history and knowledge that needs to be applied for a successful robotic application. So I think history would be another good question. Thank you. You've seen the good, you've seen the bad. Can you give us kind of a sense of the best of practice of somebody wanting to start out and move into this space? Is there some guidance you could give them? Say, hey, how would you proceed? Obviously, attending today's webinar is a great start, but how do you go from here? From an in-customer perspective, the first thing is eyes-on. In this industry, there is no such thing as a quote-unquote common case pack application. There are so many variables. It's best to get some trained eyes-on and start a relationship that someone with experience can help guide them, make valid suggestions, bring up valid objections, discuss the potential pitfalls, but ultimately start to collect the data and sift the data on the application. There's a lot of missing things that happen even in very good integrator's eyes that variation in product profiles, new products that are coming that maybe weren't addressed. Are they unskilled on a second or third shift? There are so many variables that go into a successful project. I would really encourage anyone who is looking at their first robotic project to pick the low-hanging fruit first, something that is a simpler approach, not a complex approach, because you want to have a success and build on that and permeate it within their organization. Okay. Thank you very much. Jack, this will come back to the financials. You did touch on this a bit, but what are you seeing as a typical ROI in a simple collaborative robot situation, somebody's done the due diligence, whatever? What is an ROI people can expect, typically, if they're going to these systems? If it's a two or more shift application, Ron, we've generally seen ROIs under 24 months, under two years, which by most standards are acceptable. 18 months is usually maybe a benchmark. The most aggressive I've seen is 11 to 12 months, which are very tough to achieve, but a lot on the 3PO logistics side, they're out three to four years on the acceptable ROIs. So that's the exciting facet as far as collaborative robots, because I think there's a lot more opportunity for justifiable payback because of the sheer cost of labor these days. Very good. Thank you. Well, Jack, I appreciate very much taking the time today to present this information. It was excellent. Again, reminding everybody is on the call on the webinar. This webinar will be posted on our website at contractpackaging.org within a few days, and we look forward to you viewing it there. Jack, we look forward to seeing you at Pack Expo. Those of you of CPA will also be at Pack Expo at booth 5801 in North Hall. We look to invite you to stop by MCS also. Thank you all for attending, and thank you, Jack, again. Thank you, Ron. I appreciate your opportunity, and everyone have a great day. Thank you. Take care, everybody. All right. Bye-bye.


summer as well as a new ship, all right. And I'm Mackenzie Payton. I'm the coordinator for residence education for Duncan Apartments, as well as a couple other buildings. But yeah. My name is Mackenna Parsons. I'll be filming today's live. I'm Scott Parker. I work in housing. Yes, flip back. Okay, where we going first? All right, so right here we have Duncan building view. This is our duty building. We have a lobby area, an exercise room, and this is where the front desk is. So if you have questions kind of centered around like different events that are going on for like an apartment as well as if you have kind of like any concerns you can come up here or call the RA on duty, especially if you're locked out of your building. This is also where you're going to find a lot of programs. So the RA's will put on programs. Just last year we had kind of like an ice cream social and a few hot chocolate socials back towards the outdoors area there. As well, the exercise room. It's free to use. It's on the second floor of this building as well. Awesome, let's go in. Wonderful. So this is the front desk. Hello, hello. Yep. So again, this is kind of where, especially if you have like large packages, these apartments have mail that usually goes that your mailbox back that way. But if you have a special large package of those, they usually be here. Again, here is kind of the lobby area. So it has a fireplace, a swimming area, and a lot of the TV for what should have like cocks cable with it. Here we also have the kitchen area. So you're free to use the equipment that's still here. You just use your soon ID to check them out or you can use your own. It has a microwave, a community fridge, and as well as like cooking material back here. Yep. Let's see, let's go over. We're headed now. All right, right now we're headed kind of up to back towards the mailboxes as well as up towards the balcony. So we can kind of see into the exercise room. I do believe it's currently being used so it will just be a quick glimpse. But yes, you lead the way. So where are we oriented roughly on campus right here? Right here. So we're right next to the offices sustainability, JB Hunt, and near the business building. So kind of, if we like back towards that way, like facing Harman parking garage, you would find the business building, offices sustainability, and kind of back towards Kimball Hall as well. So right here, we have the exercise room currently in use right now. Definitely we have equipment that's free to use as your resident. Just a quick look, awesome. So how many buildings is Duncan made up of? So Duncan is made up of five buildings. So the furthest one back that way should be Duncan E. And this one that we're at right now is Duncan B. No one lives here, it's just a community building. And this one right here is Duncan C. Awesome, yeah. So we're headed to tour of room, right? And then after that, we'll just go ahead and go back down to the mail spot as well as the outdoor area. Awesome, perfect. Duncan Apartments 205C, all of these will look the same between Duncan's apartments either, right? We do have a question. For the gym, can any resident on campus use it or only people that live in Duncan Avenue Apartments? It's supposed to be Duncan Avenue Apartments just with like, that's kind of the perk of living here. But you can bring friends if you're like already resident. Yeah. And definitely ask any questions you guys have. Keep them coming as we tour this Duncan apartment. Yeah. So these, this is kind of the common area. It comes furnished with all these different things like a couch, the coffee tables. So you can find the measurements online on the housing website. Housing.urc.edu. Yeah. And back here, it comes furnished with a full kitchen. So it is like your own fridge. And the stove top microwave and the dishwasher as well as having like, this as well comes with the Duncan Apartments, the little kitchen dining area. Okay, someone asked, can we measure the size of the kitchen cabinet? If you could be a little bit more specific we would love to help you out with that. But we can just maybe measure the countertop length. That's not the cabinet, but let us know which cabinet you're wanting measured. Say this is around two feet and three fourths of an inch. So the depth is just around two feet. Yeah. Maybe let's do a cabinet width and depth if we want to open, yeah. Yeah. So right back here we have 14 and a half, eight and three fourths. Perfect. And then the inside here, just, yeah. You can do the depth, like, 10 and a half inches. Perfect, thank you. Yeah. Someone else asked if they can have an air fryer, do you know? And air fryers you won't be able to have, it's kind of more of a fire safety issue.  So that you can find it on the housing website but there's like a list of band items that you shouldn't have like your bike batteries as well. Mm-hmm. Someone else asked about space for a rug if we want to just measure this area between the couch and the chairs floor wise. That would be great. Yeah, between the couch and the chairs, but. You're good. We also have this electronic one. Scott, did you get something with it? 12 feet squared. So nine feet. Oh yeah. Yep, squared. If that's helpful. Someone said can they have a George Foreman grill? Probably not. Like anything that's like an open type of grill you don't really want to have. Again, there's like stove tops that you can use but if I'm not mistaken, that's also on the list. Yes. Yeah. Can we real quick measure this couch? Someone's wondering to buy a cover. Why? The dimensions of the couch. Yeah. 57 inches wide. Okay. Yeah. And. Maybe the back to the end. Yeah. Roughly. Roughly. Around 33 inches. 33 inches. Thank you. Yes, we will be showing a bathroom. Is this a two bathroom or a one? This is a one bathroom. This is a one bathroom. So we will not be showing a two bathroom but we can give a rundown of what that looks like. Yeah. So we're headed upstairs. And this one both, how many bedrooms are here? So there's four bedrooms in the top floor. I know we'll be looking at the eighth suite or eighth suite. And that has kind of access to the balcony that's back behind here. So if you look at the bathrooms. These are what the bathrooms look like. There's two showers right here. Or not two showers. This is the toilet. Sorry, there's two different things. There's one shower, there's one toilet right here. Yeah. Right here. Yep. This is the shower. Lovely. Is there a utility closet for brooms, vacuums, et cetera? I believe the room downstairs is locked. That is where the air conditioning is, right? Yeah. Yes. So back in here, we have washers and dryers. On the side, you should be able to fit like brooms and everything. So you can use that. Yeah. Perfect. And as well, you also have access to art more as there should be. Yeah. There's armors in the room. So if you want to use that as a wage, pretty tall. It's like tall enough to have these supplies and everything. Yep. Awesome. So this is a bedroom. Yeah. So this is one of the bedrooms. You can arrange the furniture however you want. Just make sure not to have the furniture outside of the apartment. So it comes furnished with all of these. And they definitely move around. Do we want to go out on the balcony? Yeah. So which room is this? Which room type has a balcony? This is suite A. And it should also be suite B that has the balcony area. And the room is back that way. Kind of just look out towards the parking garage. Yeah. Beautiful. This is it right here. Definitely if you want to bring any lawn chairs or anything like that, you can set them outside of here. We'll head back inside. I do see all your questions about measurements. We'll get to them as we can. Thank you guys. And again, the housing website should have the measurements for all of these, especially in the room. Do all of them come with a headboard? I'm not familiar. They should come with a headboard. We just recently saw two rooms to have them. And I have seen different sized headboards. The one in another room is about half this tall. But it does still have a headboard. Yeah. If there's one that doesn't come with it, you can go ahead and put in the main answer class and see if there is one that's missing or if it doesn't come with it. Definitely you can put in your fixer request. That goes with all other maintenance concerns as well. And unless it's like a safety hazard, then you would want to call the R&D duty for that. Then we can get it sorted out. Someone asked if the beds can be lifted with those black canisters that you can buy on Amazon. Do you know what I'm talking about? I'm not. You're not familiar with anything like. Let's see. As far as I can tell, yes. As long as they're strong enough, I don't see why you couldn't lift the bed a little bit taller with those canisters you can buy on Amazon. Someone has a question about the wall in the bathroom if we could go to the toilet. Yeah. So they were asking about this wall across from the toilet if we could just get the width of the wall. Okay. Okay, so the long wall. Can you reach that? Yeah. And then we'll get the short wall next. All over six feet. Just over six feet. And then this one across from the toilet. How about that one? Three feet and an inch. Three feet and an inch. Okay. Another person asked about the wall on the balcony. If we want to go back out there and measure that. Okay. Yeah, we can do that. Is that one on the website or no? The balcony? Probably not. Maybe it should be a good walk out there on the website. There should be a virtual tour that you can also see that it's kind of like a Google Street view Yes. So housing.ur.edu. There is Matterport 3D tours. It's like if you had a VR headset on, but you can walk through the space and actually measure things in that as well. 55 inches. 55 inches. Okay. Wall right here. We're doing the entire wall, including the door here. Nine feet and an inch. Do you want to measure the window just for fun? In case someone asked about that? Yeah. Including the frame, it should be 70 inches. There's around 64 inches. So someone said, are the bedrooms single occupancy? Yeah. So they're suite style. So you won't have a roommate. It's just that everyone is able to use the common space or like the washers and everything. Yeah. Awesome. And then another person asked about the dimensions of the headboard. So we can measure this one, but that may not be the case for all of the headboards. Yeah. Does it say on there? No. This sideboard should be 3A, should be four inches through. Let's see. And just with the length. Since it's kind of like curved. Yeah, that's hard. Can we get the measurement? Oh, you got it? It's around 26 inches from here, but yeah. So can we get the space under the bed? Cause a lot of people have questions about putting drawers under there.  Yeah. So across it should be 39 inches. And then if someone had the height of a bucket, what is that from the floor up? Kind of a bucket. Not including the metal. The metal right here? Yeah. Yeah, there you go. Should be around 20 inches. Just 20 inches or a little bit under that should be your depth. So yes, your best option to get this taller is probably those, man, I don't know what they're called, but canisters that you can get on Amazon that bump it up another roughly a few inches, three, four inches. Yeah. Okay. Do you guys have any other questions? If I miss them, send them again. Someone asked the width of the balcony railing. I don't know. Is that going to be consistent at all? It should be, okay. Yeah, well for building C it should be. For building C. I don't know if this will go that far. 122 inches. And then what is this? This looks like four inches maybe. I could be totally off. Let's see what it is. It's actually exactly. It's four inches. I'm good. Someone asked about a rug for the bedroom. How would we want to measure that? What size would be good for the bedroom? I think that does depend on if you want it to kind of go underneath furniture, but we can definitely measure maybe from the edge of the desk here to the bed and give you that measurement. Yeah. Let me go across here. Hold on. Let's see. Really? Can you hold this one fast? Yeah. It's just to the edge of the bed. It's seven foot and around, I would say that is about four inches. Yeah. Should be four or six inches, yeah. Okay. Someone asked what size is this desk? We're gonna give them quick dimensions. That will definitely be online. The desk is definitely online. Housing.york.edu. You can get a lot of the furniture measurements. So the closet, the drawers, the nightstand, all of those measurements should be at housing.york.edu. Let me see. Can we get the measurements of the insides of the drawers, the drawers? The insides of the drawers? Yes. So let's do nightstand first. So width and depth. One foot, three inches deep. One foot, three inches deep. That one's hard to do. An inch and a half high or a. An inch and a half high. Okay, what about width? Foot wide. A foot wide. Okay, and then if we could do maybe just this top drawer right here. It's one foot, seven inches deep. Two inches, two feet, three inches wide. Seven inches high. Awesome. Thank you. Do you guys have any other questions? Back to the bathroom. The area over the toilet. Good specification. So if we could get that electronic measurement, it could go to the ceiling really easily. And that's kind of hard with a tape measure. So to the ceiling right here. Five feet, seven inches. Five feet, seven inches. Okay, and then we already got width earlier above the toilet. Real quick, could we measure the space beside the toilet in case someone has racks to go there? Kind of like the space to the side. Yeah, so like the furthest point of the toilet to the wall. Let's see, around 11 inches. Around 11 inches right there. And none of these measurements will be perfect. That's just something you're gonna have to see when you get here, but we are trying to help you out. So keep asking all the measurement questions you have. Actually, let's go right back to the toilet. Someone asked the height of the toilet. It's around 17 inches from there. 17 inches. We're pulling around two inches, like from floor two. Someone asked, does the shower hold a corner pressure caddy that goes from ceiling to floor? Ooh, that is awfully specific. We can definitely show you the shower. I'm not sure about that measurement though. Let's see in here. There's definitely a couple little built-in spots. Yeah. Um, and then that's just the shower head that comes with it. What all areas of the bathroom could storage be added? So I think this is a really good spot for maybe a cart or shelf of some sort next to the shower right here. Additionally on the counter, there's this large space in between the sinks. That storage could go. You also have all the storage underneath the counter and the sinks. And in the bathroom across from the toilet, I think additional storage could definitely go. Yeah. Awesome. I say let's head back downstairs and see if people have more questions down there. And what neighborhood is, are we a part of currently? Yeah. So we're in the Ozark neighborhood. So that includes Walton, sorry, Walton, Duncan, and Gregson. So if we have neighborhood programs, they'll usually be kind of spread out between the buildings. Some of them can be here. Some of them will be at Gregson or Walton. You're welcome to go there. Definitely check Hawksink. We've had things like spray paint nights or movie nights at the different buildings. So just make sure to check Hawksink. There'll be a bunch of stuff there we're actually required to as resident assistants kind of put them on there. So definitely, yeah. Someone asked about the space from the top of the cabinets to the ceiling if we could give that. And I think that'll be for you. Yeah. Yeah. One foot eight inches. Perfect, thank you. And today, this is the only Duncan Avenue apartment we will be touring. But if you're wanting to look at the two bedroom apartment, you can definitely find that online, housing.urc.edu, Matterport Concept 3D. You can walk through the space and measure things in there. And I believe that is available there. It's on the Duncan page. It's on the Duncan page. Yes. Okay, kitchen drawer measurement. Let's do this. And then we can probably go see mail how that works here. Put seven inches deep, two feet, one inches wide. And you can dump this pretty shallow because you've got this wood here. So that looks like maybe three inches. Yeah. And do we also, is that a little drawer? We can check that one too. Yeah, let's see that. One foot, eight inches deep, five inches wide. Awesome. Yeah. All right, let's go see mail in the outside area. So yeah, that's the, what do you call that building? The main... So this is community building? Yes, community building. That's the community building. This is C all the way through here. And now we're headed back up that direction to go see mail. Yeah. And we can go ahead and point out this building right here is Duncan D. This is D. And then kind of right next to this community building is Duncan A. Is this kind of a central location for mail? For most of the buildings? Yeah. So unless it's, unless these mailboxes aren't big enough to handle wherever you order, then you would want to check with the community building where we have our desk admin and RAs can hand out packages. And package hours. But these, you will have a mailbox cube and you can get into them whenever they arrive. Someone asked, is Duncan all freshmen this year? All freshmen. In the past, we've had like a mix of different classes, but I would have to check like... Yes. People are still summing up and everything, but there will be freshmen to my knowledge in the buildings this year, yeah. Typically speaking, I feel like Duncan Avenue is upperclassmen, but with such large incoming freshmen classes, that does get changed, so. Yeah, we often have sophomores through seniors like from last year, but it's usually in large part freshmen. Someone asked, does each student get a mail key, apartment key and key for the bedroom? Are those all separate keys? You'll definitely, so it's not a combined key, so you'll have different keys for the sweet door, the front door, and you should be able to get a mail key. If it's like a sign on your housing portal, you will have a mail key. Yes, yeah. For that. Yes, yeah. And the bedroom doors do lock, right? They, you'll be able to lock them. Yes, perfect. So where are we headed now? Right now we're headed to the outdoor space, like smores nights out here, a fireplace, a grill. And I believe there's also outdoor storage for if you have a bike, you can lock it in there. We can go back. Okay, cool, cool. If you have anything durable that you have, you can go. It's nice because it's not just out in the open. Your bike's not just, you know. Yeah. Locked to a pole. Little bridge here. Here as well as campfire. If there are programs here, we'll have our CRU for fire safety. But definitely like, we have these outdoor amenities as well. Awesome. Yeah. And now we're headed to see the inside of the storage, the outdoor storage. Yeah. If you want, let us know where you're tuning in from. Welcome to the live. If you're just now joining. We did already tour a room and the common spaces and now we're doing the exterior of Duncan Avenue Apartments. Is it open? Yeah. Okay, can we look in there? There's a few things in there that are left behind. Nice. Yeah. A cart. Yeah, so this is just some outdoor storage for you guys. Definitely lock your stuff up if you are gonna have it in here. But yeah, is this the only one or are there multiple? There, it looks like there's multiple. Okay, I think this might be another one. Yeah. Some of them are already in use for... Yes, interns, people are currently living here, so. These are all on the first floor. Awesome. Do you guys have any other questions for us? So someone's asking, they're trying to verify if the bedroom doors lock from the outside with a key. Yeah, so for your suite, like the bedroom, you have your own key that you can use to lock in. Awesome. Well, thank you guys for joining today's live. This has been Duncan Avenue Apartments 2023 and have a good night.


I might give the floor to our expert and welcome you all of you to that fruitful discussion and would love to hand over to you, Ingve. Thank you. Thank you so much. Your Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, gentlemen and gentlemen, there's a lot of you here today. Dear friends, I'm really honoured to speak here to you today on this crucial topic of the geopolitical dimensions of future supply of critical raw materials. I'm also delighted to be back here in beautiful Abu Dhabi. The last time I visited this very hotel was during an under an official visit by his Highness Crown Prince Hakan of Norway. The visit occurred at the same time as a volcano eruption on Iceland put more or less all the flights all over the world on ground. I was stranded here for seven, eight, nine days, and I must admit, I found the force force came in quite handy. Well, two years now into the coronavirus pandemic situation, we have learned that digital meetings have kept the wheels running. But it is not possible to cooperate and find solid solutions to great challenges without meeting people face to face. So I therefore give my special thanks to the administration of this conference. Being able to have us all here together, safe and with excellent logistics during a pandemic situation is really outstanding. So thank you so much for that. Travelling all over the world as the former minister of public security and as a deputy minister of Petroleum and Energy of Norway, I discovered that cooperation, technology and common understanding of the challenges were key enablers of finding successful solutions. Since Norway first discovered oil and gas on our continental shelf more than 50 years ago, petroleum has become our largest economic sector, both in terms of value added government revenues, investments and export value. But we did not, however, become an oil and gas nation completely on our own. The presence of international companies was essential from the beginning and to this day. And such players are key contributors to the Norwegian petroleum sector. With challenging conditions in the North Sea and non-negotiable environmental issues, the industry developed technology, skills and services that are sought after in all major oil and gas provinces around the world today. These are the same conditions the mining industry must front. And this is what Norway mining is fronting every day in all aspects of what we are doing. I believe we will come back to these issues a little bit later in the discussions. The geopolitical dimensions of future supply of critical raw materials are such vast weighty subjects. And with that in mind, I'd like to focus on three specific areas, namely the origins and visions of Norway mining, the company I'm representing, the CRMs, we are investigating vis-à-vis Europe's energy transition and Norway's role in boosting resource security. Let's start with Norway mining itself. It's an Anglo-Norwegian network resources company. And the very reason Norway mining exists is because we knew that Norway was sitting on large, untapped reserves of phosphate, titanium bearing, and vanadiums, thanks to earlier studies carried out by the Geological Service of Norway. And you is a Norwegian government agency responsible for geological mapping and research. Well, Norway mining currently owns 46 explorations licenses in southern Norway, totaling more than 400 square kilometers. And since we began our own investigations there in early 2018, we now understand that there are large deposits of all three of those e-critical raw materials. Initial exploration results have exceeded all expectations and confirmed two world-class deposits at Ögrej and Storiknuten. The Breitberg-Gergreim exploration project contains in excess of 70 billion tons of mineralized rock. This is significant because CRMs are not just important to Europe, but to the wider world, of course. And as we all know, the transition from fossil fuels to green energy can only take place if we expand the use of renewables in tandem with better resource management and efficiency, of course. We also know that CRMs are essential to build the energy systems of tomorrow, like wind turbines, solar panels, and batteries. Let me give you some example of that. To produce a three-megawatt wind turbine, up to 4.7 tons of copper is needed. While manufacturing an electric vehicle requires six times the amount of CRM as a conventional car. So it's little wonder then that its estimated demand for CRMs will quadruple up to implement the targets of the Paris Agreement by 2050. Well, back to Norway's deposits of the three EU-critical raw materials. Vanadium is likely to become more pivotal. Vanadium redux flow batteries are scalable, safe, don't degrade and have infinite life cycles, making them perfect powerhouses to store vast amounts of renewable energy. Detainable is already an essential component in several renewable energy system applications. Lightweight with extraordinary strength and anti-corrosive, these characteristics will gain in importance as offshore wind installations increases as I've already mentioned. And then there's phosphate, a fertilizer ingredient that helps feed our expanding population and, if used appropriately, provides a more environmental friendly solutions to nitrogen-based ones. It's no secret, but it is important to remind ourselves of the realities of EU and US raw material supply and demand. China currently dominates the global market. The EU currently obtained 62% of its raw materials from China, 8% from Russia and most of the rest from the African countries. As large producers of wind turbines and batteries are produced in Europe, the EU produces no more than 1% of the minerals needed for this production. Just 1%. Is this a huge problem? Well, I think so. As a former minister for public security, I will say that this is at least quite a huge challenge because some 30 million jobs in the EU are directly dependent on access to raw materials. In 2020, the EU Commission launched the European Raw Material Alliances, of which Norge Meining is a member. And this is a clear signal that the issues is now being taken very seriously at the highest levels. In the US, CRM sourcing has become a national security issue due to the first of its dependence on tech industries, dependency on China and President Biden's clean energy agenda. It's clear then that no other viable options need to be explored. No, that otherwise needs to be explored, not the opposite. And we need to explore it quite fast. After all, that's why we're here today. Norway has always been a reliable energy partner to the EU, as well as a preferred strategic partner with shared democratic values and a market-based economy. But as a NATO member, Norway's contractually obliged to play a strategic role for both the EU and the US. The political and economic leverage Norway's CRM's deposits can give Europe and the United States in terms of negotiation power amongst others. I've always claimed that God must love Norway. We are rich in natural resources. We have a lot of oil, gas, wind, rain, deep valleys and tall mountains that help us give power production. And thanks to hydropower, the Norwegian electricity sector is close to 100% renewable. Resulting in the share of renewable energy in Norway's total energy consumption and that's including transport and heating being as high as 70%. We've always been a vanguard in this respect. So my country is already world leader in solutions to reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions. And over the years, we've had to combine the interest of our fisheries, maritime and the oil and gas industry. And to do this, we've pushed the boundaries of innovation and technology. And I see our vast experience in natural resources and the regulatory framework we already had with the environment always at the forefront as a fantastic foundation on which to build a new mining industry. One that will potentially provide EU-critical raw materials to the world. Quite timely, giving first a supply crisis looms, the World Bank, United Nations, European Commission and the International Energy Agency, IEA, all warned dramatic worldwide demand could outpace supply, leading to a global price bonanza that could put a faster decarbonisation process in jeopardy. The World Bank, for example, has estimated a tenfold demand increase for metals by 2050. And that pronunciation was four years ago. Demand for electricity storage, batteries of aluminium, cobalt lithium, meganese and nickel alone could rise by more than 450% by 2050 from 2018 levels. We've talked about how Norway can play a role, but what about Nordic mining? CRMs are scarce because previously their production in various deposits of the world has often been un-economic and unprofitable to extract for Western mining companies. But Nordic mining is demonstrating that climate protection, economic viability and supply security are not mutual exclusive. And that provenance is no longer a buzzword. It's the new benchmark when it comes to sourcing raw materials. In our case, the profitable extraction of three critical raw materials is given and feasible on site due to these factors. We have excellent existing infrastructure, very short transport distance to industrial demand centres, excellent quality and quantity of the ore rock without contamination of heavy metals or rare earth. Corruption bears cost, we all know that. But given that corruption is not an issue in Norway, this is an additional cost spent Norway mining will not have to deal with. And the share size of the deposits will allow Norway mining to profit from economies of scale as the extraction progress gains pace. So protecting the environment and the climate starts at the very beginning of the value chain, namely where the raw materials are extracted from the ground. The neutralization of the carbon footprint and the minimization of the environmental impact of our biotech crime exploration project in southern Norway is supported and ensured by the use of innovative technologies. Future production in Norway will release significantly fewer emissions than comparable mining projects outside Europe. Domestic production also creates new and sustainable jobs and generates economic value in Norway and the EU. In addition, the long transport and insurance costs from non-European projects are also eliminated because ship transport also requires huge amounts of fossil energy and produces additional CO2 emissions. Few words to finish. CRMs are fast becoming pawns in strategic and geopolitical power struggles. It's clear that green mining that minimizes environmental impact and maximizes economic potential is needed more than ever. The mining sector is an enabler of the clean energy transition and a more circular economy. And at Norway mining, we do take these responsibilities very seriously. It's our belief that Norway supported by Norway mining and all its partners, of course, can be an important strategic partner to Europe and beyond and a new supplier of CRM, replacing risk with new value chains and exciting opportunities. Thank you for listening. Thank you very much for these insights and drawing the floor.


So the opening day of the 2016 Targa Bambina was everything the competitors could ask for. Perfect weather, perfect roads, and a great time both in the car with the drivers and co-drivers and out of the car for the crowds that were watching on. And so many people just said they just wanted to do the stages all again. But of course they can't. They'll do new ones come tomorrow. But for now, we managed to catch up with some of the front runners of today's efforts. Clark Croctor and the Escort are fun day. Yeah, good fun day. Two little niggas just broke a throttle spring on the second stage. It was a bit disconcerting and lost the starter motor, something crazy. But generally, I just crept up on it. And we've been changing the handling again on the car to try and get it away from the wet setup that we had from the last Targa. And I'm pretty happy at the end of the day because I have a myth to beat. Oh, yeah, just a little spin. I don't even think I've had a spin in this car until then. But this car is awesome.  But I think this is the best car you could ever have. This thing is just so cool. And driving it is something else. It's so fantastic. We'll make pass-ins in the classic two-wheel drive. It's just so cool. It's just so cool. And driving it is something else. It's so fantastic. Classic two-wheel drive. A great car, a great engine, a great team inside it. It's working well for it at the moment. Yeah, no, we've had a really good day. We've not done any targets for a little while. So this is a bit of a comeback for us, although we've been doing circuit-passing and stuff like that. Now it keeps the Rover in tip-top condition regularly. So it's great that the boys are giving it a once over now and it's ready for another day tomorrow. Well, it's over 40 years old, and it's still rocking there out on the roads. We're all over 40-year-old, and we're all still rocking. It's just so cool. 500 metres. Thump. Thump. Straight ahead. 90 right gravel.