Hello everyone and welcome to Inside Leather History a fireside chat. I'm Doug O'Keefe the host and Producer of these chats. We are a program of the Leather Archives and Museum today. I have the unique Wonderful opportunity to sit down with two amazing women in the community Mama Vi Johnson and Judy Tallwing McCarthy mama for those who don't really know you very well Please tell us a little bit about yourself Making a long story short. Let me see now. I've been kicking around since the early 70s have been mother Grandmother and now great grandmother to a healthy portion of this job. Okay, Judy and Kind of like by I've been around since I came out of 1959 Then went back in got married had a bunch of children. So I have I have six children 21 grandchildren and 22 great-grandchildren but I also have a great number of children grandchildren and great-grandchildren in our Leather community that I'm Inordinately proud of having One thing though, you didn't say is that you're also the very first international Ms. Leather Yes, I was and that was quite an experience and I've been asked if I would ever run for a title again and I said not in this lifetime But if I had had that to do over I would do it and I would do it because of The people I've met and gotten to know over the years We are at the Carter Johnson Library in Evansville, Indiana Being hosted here by Mama Vi and by Jill Carter. So You ladies have an amazing breath of history and knowledge in this community Tell me a little bit about the communities you knew the communities that shaped you So I'm leaving it I'm letting you take the lead a little bit on this the community that shaped me was actually New York Jill and I are both New Jersey girls or a joysie girls as some would say Jill is South Jersey. I grew up in a little town about 25 minutes from Midtown Manhattan And once we got together in a well for me grad school for Jill College and that in and of itself is another long story Running in and out of New York City was normal for us We decided to find where there had to be people like us and we needed to find them and We found them first at oil and spiegel tests as it's now called the oil and spiegel Society in New York and We're kinklings in that group and in that amazing city with everything it had to offer From groups for women LSM or the lesbian sex mafia Game LSM activists GM SMA All of the night clubs because New York had SM clubs and night clubs Including the infamous Hellfire Club, which was another one of those places where I spent my kinkling years We've been privileged to do five corporate moves and enjoy This community is residents in five different states other than the state of craziness, which I'm in all the time and All over North America and a little bit of Europe. So The foundation that was New York City Judy well Coming out in 1959 I was a kid living on the streets with my best friend Larry one of the men loved that in the leather community loved young boys and his friends decided to tease him and Introduced me to him because I was passing as a young boy then Larry was older than me and I still look like about a 14 year old kid, but He knew right away when he walked up to us. He saw me from behind and said no, that's not a boy that's a woman and And everybody was like, but how did you know that we didn't know that how did you know that and he said look at the hips look at the hands and So but he fell in love with my friend Larry and took us in and I had to I've never been good at sitting. So I had to earn my way He was kind of a leader in the men's leather community at the time There weren't that many people into it and there was a bar in Phoenix It was leather night on Friday nights and people would go to that bar But my job was I polished a lot of boots I used to say I polished more size 13 high heels and boots than I ever thought I would in this lifetime So I kind of started out like a boot black and a boy because I was a boy I didn't I didn't even identify as female at the time I was trying to stay out of Catholic girls school Which is what they did to me because I didn't want to go to school in general Um Anyhow That was my first experience with the leather community the men would have play parties They were always quiet and in the home And I brought food and did things and peaked around and watched and got cool But my my real experience with the women's leather community began in 1981 in Michigan Uh, we weren't allowed Leather women were not allowed to be open or public or have anything in michigan in 1981 at the michigan women's music festival But I got lucky to spend time with the quote syracuse dykes and almost all of those were a good portion of them were leather women And so the women's The disabled women allowed us to use their tent. They had a whole tent And so we snuck into that tent and there was a play party I had never seen women play. I was so absolutely enthralled with what was going on and was crazy stricken by one of the women there and um So that was my first experience my second experience was in portland, Oregon Because the woman I was stricken with I Stalked um What was her name? sashi hi And sashi and I I finally told her as I was leaving michigan because I tried to be everywhere She was without her knowing me being there. Um You know apaches are kind of sneaky because I'm I'm uh, uh, I'm native I'm a patchy and and doa and black and About that much. I wish I think and uh We don't talk about that a lot though. That's kind of kept quiet in the family but But I just followed her around the whole weekend in michigan And as I was leaving I said I think you're the most beautiful woman I ever saw I got up my courage And she's her her Response was why the hell didn't you tell me sooner? And I kissed her and well, she kissed me My knees went and we made a date that if we were ever single And in the same city at the same time We would go out on a date and what happened would happen I ended up going to uh, portland. I was single actually I was in washington state with a maca uh medicine person that I knew and um I stopped in portland I spent three weeks with sashi And then because we did go out on that date And I went back to phoenix and packed my car In a u-haul along with what few paintings I had and a few clothes and left everything behind and moved to oregon And then got immediately involved in the oregon women's leather community um And I got conned into it. I I'm very gullible Believe it or not And so I got conned into a lot of stuff Like to run for emzole because my complaint was all of the women who were running for oregon state leather woman Because they had asked me to judge a couple of times my friend lamar and jc also judged with me I met them and we became friends And I they everybody heard me bitching and so they said well, why don't you run? Oh hell no, that's not no I'm not running for anything well when emzole Uh, we had started uh, portland power and trust sashi used to say we are not a bank Our women's leather organization.  All right. I'll do it. I'll do it. Well, it ended up being um seven of us running For the portland leather woman title and all of us were leather women I I think I won by accident. I won by one point And the woman who owned the bar which was the primary domain And it was the the class bar and the 927 was our home bar But kate who owned the 927 was a good friend and she promised to Give a $500 traveling fund For the winner of this contest if we would hold it in her bar Well, I built the stage. I mean, you know construction was what I did then and so Me and a couple of the other women I had working with me. We built the stage And the stairs and everything that went with it and I fell up and down those stairs Every time I went to climb them So I knew I wasn't going to win. We did the larry. It was our mc and uh So I won by one point and sashi and I decided that one point wasn't enough to To cancel out of my runner up So we gave her half the travel fund and she and her partner drove with us to san francisco for emsel and I told the portland community because they had a big going away party and I had to come out and wear everything that And most everything I wore Sally and I had made and I told him nobody's going to pick a fat 40-year-old indian dike to be international with slither And I always say those were my famous last words because then from then all hell broke loose So I've been busy ever since But sashi has a very interesting bit of history. I'd like you to share with us big time Sashi was at stone wall She wasn't one of the demonstrators. However, she lived in the village Her apartment she had to pass the stone wall in to get to her apartment and she had been at a dike bar the night the riot started Um, she had just left the dike bar and she said she came out and There was all this yelling and stuff going on and things being thrown and police and And people dressed in drag and she said she had no idea What was going on and she also had no idea That that night was going to change her life and it did Um, I got a medal on the 25th anniversary of stone wall sashi had passed by that time And I got a medal Dedicated to sashi for being at stone wall. She came back the next night and joined the riots so She was a part of that stone wall riot and Her speech at portland leather pride the year before she died that was 1988 uh When she ended her speech she looked at the crowd and it was the biggest Of portland leather pride Crowd we'd ever had there were over 5 000 people there. That was the biggest crowd we'd ever had And she looked at all of those people and she said I never got my rights in my lifetime But she said she said you can't so keep fighting and so and then she was sick enough that she died in march of 1989 and Her spirit was so strong that she stayed alive till Two days after the internationalist leather contest susie won that year Because she refused to die until she knew who won so but sashi was Really special to portland in a lot of ways Sashi was a an innovator and an instigator She Oh my god, like I said, I was gullible if she asked me to do it. I'd do it just about anything for that woman but She also got about everybody else in portland to do the same thing She also had a lot of the seattle community that believed in her, but sashi was the mom You know, I I was kind of the sideline mom But sashi was the mother who led a lot of our young people in portland She also helped found the portland power and trust um She had all these bright ideas. She said i'm an idea person. I'm an idea if she was And she used to also have quite a mouth on her.  I got to be this agent I still got all my own teeth. Nobody said I knocked them out yet and But speaking of fighting mom of I You've worked very hard and fought very hard For your library in which we are doing this bit of an interview. Tell us a bit about this How did this library come to be? um The history of this community Resides a lot in my memory And in the few souvenirs that I was constantly picking up And culling every time jill and I moved because we moved from the east coast to the west coast and from the west coast to the midwest We were down to about seven boxes of stuff. I just hadn't thrown out yet And the next generation of okroma kinklings Started coming to the house on weekends to listen to the stories to learn to read what few books we had Those kids made jill and me more me than jill Realize that our old stuff was actually their history And uh that that hit pretty hard in terms of Honestly going back and thinking about all of the things that had been given to us when we were kinklings And what we had read and what had been shared to us But another factor came into play, which was though I lived in oklahoma I both worked and served in california And oklahoma was both open and restrictive at the same time There were a lot of things you could do but not a lot of things you could mail Um, you could have a tremendous amount of pornography, but you couldn't mail it into the state So since I Worked in california and loved to drive and was driving a 68 Ford galaxy convertible. That's a big god um When I come back from la Whatever I had done I usually picked up multiple copies of Some for my kinklings, but also some for my club brothers Because jill and I are charter members of to lsa the tulsi uniform leather seekers association And again, I was the one privileged to travel So if I went to the early drummer events, for instance I'd grab every t-shirt I could afford to buy in different sizes for my brothers and steal every program that wasn't nailed down um Two or three copies of the leather journal whatever new magazines that come in A couple of copies of books that all went into the trunk and came home with me And the boxes kind of grew and grew Jill and I eventually moved from the midwest to philadelphia With a few more boxes than we started out with Jill had no idea how many because they're written all over the house Until one day she came home and they were all out because I was moving things around She saw how many there were told me to get my happy ass to a storage unit Which I did And then the storage units grew And then there were two and that was getting expensive. So the two became a bigger one and you kind of see where this is going I started to do a workshop Called leather history show and tell which I still enjoy doing Where I would bring a suitcase of stuff with me And like show and tell when I was in school it would get passed around uh that led to um gentleman asking me if I would bring everything that I owned To an event in south carolina Once it was all out not hidden in every corner of the house and in storage unit There was a lot of it And uh, I got more serious about what I was doing with it in terms of workshops But right about then two things came together One was a high speed internet that was a test from my city And the other one was the very early ages of ebay Well cutting this story down um The man who bid on a book that I ultimately sniped and won Turned out to be a book burner Uh, and he was actually quite proud of the fact that he was paid To find What was our history and destroy it? uh What I think a book burners would probably burn at your camera. So we're not going to get into that but about Five and a half weeks later. I had to be in Atlanta And I had an encounter Very personal encounter with a young man Who needed to talk to someone he thought would understand Because there had been a book burning In front of his store the weekend before that um I realized that fate was telling me something And when I initially got over myself because I had a screaming match with god I swore that if I had to beg it Steal it Going to honk to get it Uh swap a book or a poster for a bill that should have been paid and wouldn't be I was going to do it because you don't get to burn my kids history I don't believe in book burning for a lot of different reasons and some of that has to do with how I was brought up And the town I was brought up in But most have heard me say I wouldn't wipe my ass with my gun But I also wouldn't let you burn it Uh if nothing it teaches us where we're wrong And now as a new generation of The far right is coming in the things book burning is normal And the way to get rid of what you don't want to deal with First things are going to be coming after Other than the history of groups that they don't like Is human sexuality Hitler did it And now that our next generation is understanding the human sexuality at the base of most politics You get to kill two birds with one stone But a wise man once said that In order to destroy the book you also have to destroy the writer Because the book isn't what's dangerous. It's the idea behind it And if I can eliminate the idea I can eliminate the foundation you stand on So if all of those books about queer history and understanding your history goes back to the 300 or Bernstein or all of the great women writers and And that what it is we do Goes back to ancient Egypt for god's sakes human sexuality is natural as we are You destroy that and you will convince a queer child coming out That they are sick or degenerate Or that there is something wrong with them or they need to as bullying children do go kill yourself Not on my watch not with my kids not with everything that we are you don't get to do it So if we could create a place Where you could come and Have an encounter with it where you could hold it and feel it and read it at your leisure but also Feel the stories and the souls of the people who wrote it and who walked before you That history would become a part of you because that's what libraries are They are not just vessels of the past They're the crucible that will contain the future as well and it all meets In the crucible So bring what you're reading now kids bring the stories here And put what you're doing now with the stories of your ancestors and keep it rolling You've traveled with the library at various events. How do you manage to do that?  We will triage what is here Pack it up pack a van full And go wandering off like crazed book gypsies To whoever it is it is called us They will usually supply us with volunteers And in well depending on the size of the event Anywhere from eight hours to a couple of them have taken two days to set up We will set up a full board library For the attendees to come in Well, not just read it Or view or thumb through But also hang out in The conversations that happen in the library are amazing Um the events that have happened in the library are amazing We have had weddings colorings cappings baby blessings A christening all under the view of the ancestors um Because while we use the term library The reality is We are a sacred story circle This story is contained in the art we travel with The advertisements the books the pillows the photographs the drawings It's all part of someone else's story So we come in as library griots And that's a term that we are very Specific to use because a griot is a tribal storyteller Before anything gets unpacked We request permission To tell their stories We ask them to bless the space and all who come in And then we go from there We set it up We welcome all who come across the threshold To come and have an encounter with those who've walked before you Both of you go Into some real deep material in this community One of them was the response to hiv and aids as it intruded upon Let's let's look at more of the leather community in that respect Would each of you please talk about Your response to that What you saw what you felt People you remember Oh my gosh One of my I lost my mentor Jim Ed Thompson was my mentor he He was an editor at drummer magazine He was my first interview as Emzel It was I I can't even remember where the saturday or sunday, but that monday We were supposed to be on our way to arizona sachi and I and Instead I had an interview at drummer magazine And I was wearing a kind of a fluffy blouse and we walked in and jim ed looked at me and he said Um no self-respecting dyke would wear that shirt And I was ready to fight I was so mad at him immediate and then he grand And he said good Set your own style And then that did it. I was very disarmed and we became friends. We just sat and talked At the interview was just a chat. We talked and laughed and told stories and He was the person who told me Um Where to go and where not to go if I had a question I could call him day or night and ask him so In effect when I lost him and chris his his boy was a wonder too, but That was a high impact and in portland. We were losing so many people. It was crazy I remember being fearful every time the phone would ring Oh, yes, and we were traveling at the time sashi and I never said no We decided that this was Our job because she was as much himself as I was the only time we didn't travel was right after her kimos Which would knock her on her socks and and I took care of her so but otherwise we were on the road I I she said we've been up and down i5 so many times. She felt like a benoit ball But the other thing was we were flying now the first IML I remember talking to some of my friends from seattle Some of the guys And I was reading and hearing how hard it was becoming for Drugs to get carried across People in one state couldn't like AZT There were states that would not allow it even in the state and it was at the time It was one of the drugs that was helping Uh, I keep our men alive and well not just our men our people alive and um So Me and a couple of our other title holders talked about the things that we could do and especially women There weren't that many of us But we started taking drugs with us and so It wasn't unusual for me to be carrying Uh From canada I was just I had forgotten this until last night telling my story to one of the young people here We used the smarties boxes We could put pills in the smarties box if you dump the chocolate out the candies out they make a lot of noise They sound like pills anyhow And you drop some pills in them and you could have like a case of smarties that was sachi's favorite candy That's where I got the idea and then you put the smarties back on top So even if they opened and looked it was still chocolate candy So that was one of the ways but um And I traveled and pulled others almost the whole time and often would wear my sash straight onto the plane And I think because we were so blatant we didn't get We didn't get our luggage gone through hardly at all And so that was one of the ways we did it the other thing was doing fundraisers I never said no to a fundraiser and I always wore my arm bands And my arm band I always had arm bands because the arm bands were what I donated for fundraising and they would auction them off And then I would sign them and I don't know where all those arm bands are But there's lots of them running around the country And that's what we could do Because I never felt so helpless in my life except with sachi's cancer Not being able to Do anything.  I don't want you.  They had never had And this was right after sashi had died and I agreed to do it because it's what I was supposed, you know It's what I was led to do Why otherwise why was I being asked? But the three of us Spoke on stage. We were the first openly leather people they've ever asked to speak Out front up front on stage at san francisco gay pride so It was uh, like I said, the the hardest part was when the phones would ring. We didn't have cell phones But you dreaded you're just absolutely dreaded the phone ringing uh One of my best friends who still calls me judasaurus hp was Really heavy in estrus pantry, which was the food bank for the men we went on fighting the organ citizens alliance the oca to try to We were fighting to get recognition for our community and Sashi and I often ended up doing debates on the radio or on a television station because of that uh I remember one of my most fearful things I did as emsel the thing that scared me the most was and everything was Visibility I I've always been and I I know I said it that night and I meant it and I still mean it Because if we're invisible they can wipe us off the planet and nobody will ever know we were even here much less gone So we have to be visible and that was one of my big things uh At the time and um, I did an interview with the newspaper and it was the It was the alternative paper, but it was really big in oregon and He called me the female roddy danger field, but yeah Uh, and it hit front page. It was front page and on and on it was a big article and Uh, I was terrified To be that out in my own hometown but I also felt that Sashi had a saying If you're doing something you're ashamed of You shouldn't be doing it and I decided I wasn't ashamed of who I am. I'm not ashamed of my community. Oh my god I'm proud of this community Uh Leather folks have led the way in so many ways and we were losing leaders daily And I still think of All my friends who are gone um That I miss a lot and uh so I did what I could you know So that I didn't feel quite so helpless Mama vai At least in my twin talking and I I remember the PTSD of sorts that we developed over phone ringing um PTSD post traumatic stress disorder. Yes It's hard for this generation to understand those first years And because of how it chills in my life with We were in new york and went from new york to Los Angeles and it hit new york first LA second and then the midwest and we were in all three Those first couple of years when it was grid Before it was a scary related new disease Somebody could be diagnosed on monday and dead on friday And When you are that Enter each mind in the community you love And the phones are just ringing so and so is sick and you knew what was gonna happen Within a few weeks or a month you knew before it's gonna ring again And it got to the point where we didn't want to answer the phone Because we didn't want to know Who was dead now and whose funeral we had to go to Like my twin said we felt helpless I was young and I hadn't I had one advantage That a lot of the women didn't have Which was I was young and female and black and I remember I got a call and said sam is sick Can you play his girlfriend? I don't know what His family is on the way in Yeah, that was the other and We need somebody who can stop the family from going through that apartment And if they see a girlfriend instead of a boyfriend, they won't be fine Well, as it turned out, um The advantage of being black was that uh They just assumed that I was sam's little secret Because his girlfriend was black instead of white And it gave his boyfriend a three-day head start to clean the apartment out of their treasures And um I wasn't the only Young woman in the community who was doing it for our brothers There were a number of us and they jokingly called the shields Because we were protecting either our brothers or the couple from the family who would come in And either turn that life upside down or go through that apartment the way Sherman went through Atlanta and destroyed everything Um And I learned, you know, they taught me well and then ultimately Jill and I in 84 moved to the west coast And the woman that I was serving Had work that had to be done a lot in San Diego. Well It's a five-minute hop over the border to you on And I was asked Once when I had to run into San Diego and then into Tijuana to pick up something If I would stop at a little pharmacy that was a couple blocks off The main avenue of the revolution the main road Uh prescription was already paid for can you run in and get it and bring it back? Sure It wasn't one bottle it was Easily 2012 and the sudden realization of whoops Uh, so I put it in the springs Up and under the front passenger seat And came back with all the stuff that I was supposed to have gone over to T Wanted to get some printing and programs and things on the seat and I was doing it so often It wasn't a big deal everybody knew who I was But when I was asked it was hop over to the avenue of the revolution grab the prescriptions and bring them back And then ultimately when Jill and I moved to the midwest and we had Douglas you and I had talked about the Tulsa community and it's Within five days it was home for Jill and me And how remarkable that community was The uh veterinarians in Tulsa got together with pharmacists And asked most of the men who rodeoed If they would bring in their horses for an imaginary prescription Because a lot of people don't realize that AZT is a horses drug And prescriptions for AZT would be written at a rate that would probably have filled every horse in the midwest Just so that they could be given to a couple of our brother pharmacists who set up a I guess you could call it a floating pharmacy Um So that our brothers could get drugs if we knew someone was dying Whatever drugs were there got cleaned out And and put in the pharmacy so that other men could have prescriptions and possibly live Because it wasn't just that the drugs were expensive and they were insanely expensive Yep, but a lot of times they weren't even prescribed. They weren't and they weren't available. Um So running drugs. Yeah, I get it. We did it all the time.  Oh heck. Yeah, I went Uh, like I said, we never said no and Sasha was really sick, but we still traveled uh We spent over $10,000 because there was no travel fund. There was there was nothing, you know We spent over $10,000 the first five months We were emzel Out of pocket and since i'm probably going to date this By saying world aid state was just a few days ago right december 1st and uh Incoming here And learning a lot about our next generation of youth And what they do know and what they don't There's a part of me that is relieved in that they will not go through what we went through But there is a part of me that's absolutely horrified That in not having to go through it. They also don't know it One of the many souvenirs that's part of this library Is the original red ribbon that was sold by Broadway Cares when they started the red ribbon campaign And I remember Well, I put that card with the ribbon still on it in the hands of a lot of the next generation Who suddenly realizes that the two ounce card weighs about 3 000 pounds In terms of its spiritual aid But I remember I had it photographed and it goes up on my facebook page every year The first time I did it I was horrified At the number of private messages that I got Telling me that they didn't know What the ribbon was That they thought it was just one of many colors That go for pic a disease any disease pic a cause any cause with no idea what's so Of its importance or that it was the first uh The second year there were a lot less But I had to repost the ribbon three days in a row with stories about its importance and its significance And sending some of our youth to the Well, it's now the descendant of the Broadway Cares page The talks about the red ribbon in the campaign and why it was important And telling stories about The fact that the ribbon originally had a little gold safety pin in it And the pin wasn't to hold the ribbon to the card The pin was a pledge that you would play safely And even when Broadway Cares went from the ribbon to the ceramic ribbon There was also a fundraiser. There was a gold safety pin going through it And talking about braiding ribbons Into the hair of a lot of my friends So that it would be there until the you know until it fell out or the braid wore out or whatever So that that ribbon was visible It wasn't just a pin that went on your jacket It was a part of us either around the arm or in the hair or a little bit ribbon The first slaves was constantly woven into the chain we wore so that it was always there Switching gears slightly Judy what advice can you offer? Someone new to the community who might be aspiring to be the next inzel Get involved in their community one find who they you know We've got all of this stuff. I think that the media I've got to go back a little bit on this I think this public media is a good thing in a lot of ways But I also think it's a bad thing in a lot of ways because I've heard these people who are all of a sudden masters I've never heard of before because they think they've learned a few things online and now they're this big Don't fall for that. Don't buy into it There is an organization Or somebody part of an organization in almost every part of this country There are some of us who are highly visible and and try to stay that way Contact them try to find out who the best people to go to in your community are Don't get hurt. I remember in the old days And especially with the young men But there were a lot of them I had horrible experiences coming out into our community And that's because they got with somebody who thought they were something and weren't So Make sure you learn who the people in your community are to go to If there's somebody you're going to go see That you're interested in Find out about them because find the people in your community who we know And there's one of us in every city In every state in this country and some of us outside this country I know folks in australia. We got friends in south of us out the in South africa we got we got friends everywhere So find somebody who can now if I don't know anybody in that state I know somebody who does So Don't just go with the the media too many people get hurt that way So don't get hurt one two Really learn your stuff Don't start saying well i'm gonna do You know i'm gonna start whipping people. Oh my god. We used to do so many It's hard. There's so much you need to know first of all don't buy into the internet That's bullshit find a real human being and ask them Get involved in your community there is something going on in almost every major community and a lot of the smaller ones Go to fundraisers, you know uh, I went to I remember we went to detroit. I didn't know anybody in detroit. I was embo but so what You know with that sashi used to say With that and a token you can get on the detrain in new york city. She was talking about the subway So you but you needed that token So I did code check that way. I got to know everybody and I I wasn't embo I was a code check person, you know, so Be willing to volunteer and and be a part of the community Uh, it is it it you'd be amazed at how much you can learn doing code check But it just just get to know your community before you get hurt And Experiment be willing I always had people fill out a form for me before I would play because I like to improvise I like to switch Around a lot when I'm playing. I don't like to do the same old thing. Well, you know, okay, be be No, I want to be able to like move around a little bit, but I also want to make sure That it's enjoyable for the person I'm playing with or at least getting an experience that they want So I used to have a list I want a list of the things that you're pretty sure you're gonna like I want a list of the things that you want to try but aren't real sure of And then I want a list of the things you're like, no freaking way. Am I going to do that? Now Down the road you might change your mind about the no freaking ways You may find that some of the things you wanted to try you really love doing so Kind of get to know what you want to do before you jump in full-fledged because if you jump in full-fledged You can end up getting hurt and then that turns you off and that makes your experience is negative But the biggest thing is get to know your people I have a leg See this leg. This is my leg It's my real leg And if it weren't for the leather community, I wouldn't have this leg. I'd be walking around in a my idea was I would have a carved peg leg I wanted it carved out of mahogany with monsters running up and down And I would be walking around with a black eyepatch going To everybody so I could be a pirate Because I had a bad motorcycle accident and I was slated to go into surgery and have my leg amputated and Audrey Joseph Audrey Joseph my sister that I inherited from sashi because they came out together in new york Many you're up to oh my god. Did I and I but I love my Audrey. That's my inherited sister I'll never let her in a kitchen with an eye You'll be in a new emergency room before you even know it but anyhow She came for she would come to us for dinners and she wanted to help me in the kitchen. No, Audrey I am not spending Thanksgiving in the emergency room. No But anyhow, uh, where was I? About a peg leg. Yeah, so I was gonna do that and Audrey and The guys at the oh god, why can't I remember? My memory is getting really bad but it was the mince leather the the leather of the the motorcycle group that raised funds for injured motorcyclists and but the san francisco community and chicago and even hawaii and washington and origan They all did fundraisers and raised over 37 thousand dollars in a week To save my leg. Oh, wow It wasn't the total bill But it got me into the hospital and got me one of the best surgeons possible And saved my leg. So I have this leg Because of the leather community. So I still can't say no I still have I just don't say no Unless I'm sick and flat out can't move I don't say no because This is it really is my family. It's not just a term I use and The heart it's the heart Of this community that you can't You can't miss there's we've been that that's that's the thing even In the heart in the midst of all of the insanity with the age crisis crisis, you know, I like this little post I just got a couple of days ago.  I just you can't You can't not love it So mama vai people May want to come and visit your library. How can they do that? Come on down? Sound like a car salesman I want to face the page Uh and uh, mom i'm going to be in town on touch and touch today cool The advantage of the two buildings so far is that in the center we have a room as you know That we have available to young scholars and artists and visitors So that they can stay here Uh, you get the keys to both buildings So that if you don't sleep all night and you happen to be running around or fall asleep in the library From the young scholars room. That's fine So all we need is a little bit of advance notice That you're coming or if you can't get a hold of any of us on the facebook page And i'm about to throw tony under the bus because I can Contact to list tony salin from the news drummer who is the senior scholar in residence here and uh If nobody else can reach me including my boy and my spouse, which is rare tony always seems to find a way to to go, uh, mom I just booked the room for this weekend go check the calendar and then we fill it in So we are in evansville, indiana We are about a mile and a half from the ohio river And some call it until the hub city In that we are just north of nashville We are west of louisville and east of st Louis and if you really like driving we're about six hours south of chicago or by car So come on down and 12 hours from Baltimore A euro is slightly longer drive, but that's okay Worth it. Oh, yeah So come on down bring the club bring some friends It's not like we haven't had slumber parties in here before gets a little crowded, but stuff happens Fall asleep with a book Find out what it feels like So come visit or is the cool kids say see you in the library Ladies, thank you. This has been amazing. Thank you For participating in inside leather history of fireside chat and thank you for doing it, Doug I think this is wonderful And this is particularly wonderful because I get to interview you twice Very cool


Hello there, and welcome to video six in the series on Introduction to Latex. In this video, we're going to step back from mathematics and look at how to format text. Specifically, we're going to see how to make text bold face, italicized, put into small caps, underlined in a special style called typewriter style, and we're going to learn how to handle quotation marks, both single and double quotes. Here's an empty latex document template with some text already in it. Notice that everything we do in this screencast will be done in text mode, and there is nothing done in math mode. In the first sentence, let's make the words bold text actually bold. So we're going to put the cursor in front of where we want to start, and type slash T-E-X-T-B-F, that stands for text bold face, then open a curly brace, and then close a curly brace where we want the bold face to stop. In other words, we're using the command text B-F, and then giving the text we want to change as an argument to that command, encased in curly braces as usual, and this is very similar to how the remaining text formatting commands will work. Let's compile this to make sure it did what we wanted, and we see that the text is now bold. To italicize text, there are actually two commands. One is slash T-E-X-T-I-T for text italics. I type that and close the text I want in curly braces and compile. The other command is slash E-M-P-H for emphasized, and again I type that and close the text that I want to change in curly braces and compile. As you can see, there's very little difference between the two. To put text in small caps, we type slash T-E-X-T-S-C, and then close the text in curly braces. To underline, I'm going to use the command slash underline, and then close the text I want to change in curly braces. And there's a special style called typewriter that's good for making text look like computer commands or filenames. The command is slash T-E-X-T-T-T, and that's how that looks. Finally, this is not a text formatting issue as such, but using quotation marks in late tech can be a little tricky. For using single quotes, we can't just use the single quote key or apostrophe key that's next to the return, both times or else it looks like this. Instead, to open a single quotation, I use the quote mark that's in the top left of the keyboard. To close the quote, use the apostrophe. Likewise, to use double quotation marks, I need to open them by using the quote key in the top left of the keyboard twice, and then close them by using the usual double quote key. So that's your quick tour through text formatting. Thanks for watching.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late sports cards? We are ripping one box of 2023 top sterling baseball homie for Jason S. So good luck Jason. Let's see an icons. Come on, baby. Let's see a cut Let's see something nuts. Let's see a one-on-one patch auto Let's see a Craig B. Sheo litter man, so I can buy it off you Like it silver slugger award winners 1990s MLB all-stars. Okay. All right. All right Leap managers get some cards. I'd be pretty sweet if leaves is able to get some badaard Uh, I guess we'll go silver sluggers first. It's a little more broad. I know I know it's crazy dude. If you ever get bored just watch Connor badaard.  There you go. Congrats Jason solid start. It's Padre soda as well Very cool. That was game used jersey and bat Congrats, buddy. Nice start there. Uh, yeah, right honestly, no kidding Okay, this is 1990s all-stars by the way everybody see what we got Looks thick Uh four of five will Clark Nice one there for the giant Clark the shark Sterling season 1987 Four-way bat auto. All right, that'll do it for your break there. Jason. Thanks again for your sport. Get him right out to you, buddy


So are you thinking about becoming a mobile dental hygienist, meaning you're not going to work for a dentist anymore, you're not going to purchase your own standalone practice like a physical location, but you're either going to see patients in your own home. I can see patients in mine. I just have to quickly set up a couple of things or maybe you're going into nursing homes or maybe into clients homes. So let me talk about some of the most common concerns, things you've probably thought of and how to how I'm going to make you feel better. I love being a mobile dental hygienist. I can't imagine working for a dentist anymore. So one of them is usually how am I going to lug things around? Am I going to be exhausted where I have to lug everything somewhere? How long is it going to take me to set up? Is the compressor machine loud and are patients actually going to pay for that type of thing? So yes. So let me tell you, when I first started, I was exhausted. I'm not going to lie to you, but I wasn't in very good shape. So it did take me some practice to lug everything into the clients homes and to get the timing down pat to make less trips. Whereas the first time I probably made seven different trips to and from the car. I had things in different bags, some things in like a luggage bag, because I thought that that'd be easier. It took me probably 30 minutes to set up, 30 minutes to tear down. And by the time I set everything up, I was tired. And then I had to clean a patient's teeth. Oh my goodness. So what I suggest doing at first, if you can help it, never turn patients down, but maybe only booking one patient a day, you know, just until you get used to it, or maybe two patients a day. If you're seeing a patient where it's a family of three, I don't want you guys to turn those patients down saying, well, I only see one patient a day, but maybe only going to one household a day or maybe two a day at the most, because you will be tired and things are going to take you longer than you expect. When I first started, it took me 30 minutes to set everything up, whereas now it takes me 10 minutes. When I first started, I maybe made seven loads to and from the car, whereas now I make two at the moat, well, maybe three, depending on if I have my compressor unit set up or not. And a little tip for you, when I see kids, I don't set up my compressor unit, the air, the water, the suction. They are fine when I use my portable cordless polisher to polish their teeth and then they just spit into the sink. They don't mind that. So that saves me time and that saves me. I can get tired lugging that compressor back and forth because it is heavy. I'm not going to lie to you, but you get used to it. It's a good workout, honestly, but it takes time to get used to it. Practice makes perfect. Even practice doing it in your own house, load everything in the car, figure out how many bags you need, figure out what you're going to put in bags. Maybe you can leave stuff in the car. Maybe you have a bag of toothbrushes, toys, things like that. Maybe leave that in the car. And then what I do when I pack everything up and start loading the car, I then bring my toy box in afterwards because I find if I bring the toy box in first, kids are looking for it, they're rummaging through my things, which they really shouldn't be doing, but kids do it and they get too excited. So I tell them, if you do good, if your mom and dad say it's okay, I'm going to bring in my really special toy box afterwards, but I have to be able to count everybody's teeth and polish everybody's teeth. So you kind of learn things as you go along. I have a lot of tips inside my course, the Mobile RDH Academy. If you're not inside there yet, I have modules where I go through everything, these little tips that I will have for you, but moving on to the next thing. So people often ask me, well, Andrea, am I going to make enough money? You know, I have a full-time job at the dental office. Can I work full-time being a mobile dental hygienist? Am I going to make enough money? I don't want to lose money. What I did when I first started was I still had a job at the dental office, of course, but I did my own thing on my own time. So evenings and weekends, that is when I was a mobile dental hygienist. That's what I suggest doing first because it's going to take you time to build up your practice. Even when I moved provinces, I was very popular seeing patients every day full-time in Ontario. But then when I moved to Winnipeg, it took time to get my business going. Not to mention it took time to transfer my license and stuff over. I was not working for like eight months because it took forever to get things transferred over criminal record checks. Oh my goodness, it took forever. Maybe not eight months, maybe four to five months, but still, it just felt like it took forever. But don't just automatically think you're going to see five patients a day every day. That's not going to happen. One, because you're going to be too tired, you know, you have so many emotions, you're so excited having your own business, but it takes a lot out of you. Imagine your first day of school again as a child, right? It takes so much out of you. So you don't want to think you're going to be seeing five patients a day every day making so much money. That's not how it works. Do it on the side. And then once you feel like you can be busy enough, once I felt like, okay, I'm working at the dental office. I'm making less money. I don't like the hours. It's time for me to quit and have my own practice. The best thing you guys about having your own practice is the flexibility. If you don't want to work on Thursdays, you don't have to work on Thursdays. That's on you, right? You don't have to be like, oh, I got to talk to my boss. I don't want to work on Thursdays. I'm exhausted. I have kids. I have a husband, wife. I can't manage all of this. Having a day off during the week is the best thing ever. I think everybody should do it. At a dental office, I doubt they're going to allow you to do that. Maybe you don't want to work weekends. You have the flexibility to set your own schedule as a mobile dental hygienist. And on top of that, you pick what you're going to make. You're going to make more than $50 an hour working for yourself because you are billing the patient directly using the fee guide. If I'm seeing a new patient or a returning patient, I make at least $200, depending if it's a child or adult. A new patient, you are doing extra things. You might make $300. What if you have a patient who hasn't had their teeth cleaned in 10 years? They're going to need longer appointments and multiple appointments. That's more money. Anything is going to be more than $50 an hour and your mobile charge for your time. There's a mobile fee guide or sorry, there's a mobile code in the fee guide. You can charge for that, whether it be $10 extra. You want to charge to go to their house or set or $75. I believe in the fee guide, it's maximum $75, but I'm not sure. I charge $25 because that just makes me feel good. That's worth my time. It depends on how far I'm going to. If it's on my street, I'm probably not going to charge a mobile fee guide to be on or sorry, a mobile fee code. If I'm seeing five people, they live next door. You know, who knows, right? But if I'm traveling 30 minutes away, I'm going to charge more because it's more gas, more wear and tear on my car. But guess what? The patients are okay with that because they are so happy. They think it's the coolest thing that you come to them. So yes, you're going to make great money. Another question people typically ask is, well, Andrea, is it safe? Like I'm concerned going into a stranger's house. What I do is I have them fill out the medical and dental history and can send forms first. I send them the forms. I find, again, I might, maybe I'm jinxing myself, but I find if they're really up to no good, they're not going to bother with all the medical dental, dental history forms. I mean, who knows? But anyway, I have them fill out that ahead of time. So also, I don't have to waste 30 minutes talking to them about everything they do ahead of time. So I know they're serious, but I also always let somebody know where I am. And I actually have an app installed on my phone. It's called the Life360 app. It is free where people in my family can see where I am. So they know where I am at all times. And I have a thing where I let my fiance know when I'm arrived at somebody's house and I let them know when I'm done. If they don't hear from me for four hours and they know I'm just seeing one patient, they're going to start to wonder, right? So all of these safety precautions.  I've been doing this since 2018 and never had an issue, but these are the protocols that I do follow. Letting somebody know where I am. I have the Life360 app on my phone.  It's a purple icon here. Let me find it here for you guys. I highly recommend this. I wish I knew about it sooner. See you guys. It's this purple one here with the. Circularly things in there. So I highly recommend that and I feel safe. I feel perfectly fine. If for some reason I did arrive at somebody's house and I didn't feel safe or I had a weird feeling, I would just leave. You know, so think about that. Um, I would say those are the most common concerns. Money, safety, and this is going to exhaust me. Like, you know, lugging everything back and forth. How much stuff is there? Um, I talk about that more inside the course inside the modules if you want to learn more, but I hope this video helped. Let me know you guys if you have any questions. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you in the next one.


Hi everybody. My name is Gabby. My name is Phil Whitrock. And we are both engineers from the Kubernetes team at Apple and today we're really excited to talk to you about 535,600 CELIs. You don't want to hear us saying the entire rent soundtrack in this talk so we'll keep that part short. But the jokes aside we're really excited to talk about the variety Kubernetes CLIs out there today and to help demystify the space. While many of us are familiar with Kube-Cuttle, Kube-Cuttle has a lot of company among Kubernetes CLIs. Whether you're getting started running your first pod or running sophisticated applications in production, there are many CLIs in the Kubernetes ecosystem that can help you describe how you run applications. Though some of these tools have become more popular than others, the number of distinct solutions continues to grow. This means that staying on top of the latest developments and the most innovative techniques is next to impossible. Sometimes looking at the landscape of Kubernetes CLIs feels like looking at everybody's favorite CNCF landscape chart. It's overwhelming and it frequently changes. So rather than going through each CLI individually and telling you what it does, really the goal of this talk is to introduce a model for making sense of that vast landscape so that you can really navigate it on your own. And we're going to identify a couple categories of problems that CLIs typically try to address and then the ways that they try to address them. So the first problem we're going to look at is you wanted to find your application in some higher level construct that maps to some lower level APIs. So for example, what you want to do is run a Golang program rather than saying, I want to run this deployment service config map, etc. The second sort of problem we often see is you really want to run the same construct in varying ways across environments and the ways they vary usually are at a relatively low level. So for instance, you want to run your Golang program in staging, canary, prod US West, prod US East, all with slightly varying values. And the third problem we're going to look at is really about taking high level supplemental concerns that are loosely coupled to any specific abstraction or any specific invariant and really just cut across them. Right. So for instance, you want to set up logging or some sort of a sidecar container for all your applications, whether they are Golang or Spring Boot or Rails or Node.js or something else. And when you're building a production grade system, you're likely going to need to overcome all of these problems, right? So for instance, you're going to want to say, I want to run my Golang application. I want to run it with bunk logging and I want to run it in staging, canary and production, all with slightly varying values. A firm understanding of how to select among the ecosystem CLIs, as well as combine them can help deliver substantial outcomes. And these include architecting your first Kubernetes application all the way to building comprehensive continuous integration pipelines. So the CLIs approach these problems in a couple of different ways. And the way a CLI approaches a problem really has a big impact on what trade-offs it offers and how well it's able to address each one. So we're going to go through each of the kind of high level approaches that CLIs use to tackle these problems and show an example using a real tool. So templating is the first approach we're going to look at. Templating is a relatively simple approach for solving abstraction. You have a template that accepts some predefined set of input values. And then that produces a set of output resources. So for instance, in our example, you would have some Golang template that accepts some inputs and then produces a deployment service. All right, let's hop into our first demo. We're going to deploy something a lot of people deploy to their Kubernetes clusters, which is kubestate metrics exposed via Prometheus. The chart.yaml we have here is pulled from the Prometheus project's official Helm chart repository on GitHub. So looking at this chart.yaml file, which serves as kind of the overarching document over this entire Helm chart, you'll notice that this file describes all of the applications that are actually going to be deployed as part of this chart. As well as metadata about version as well as maintainers. And another element I want to focus on here is the fact that this is a Prometheus project, meaning that kubestate metrics is actually not part of this chart itself and is pulled from another Helm chart. So we have an example of cross cutting abstraction here. And finally, you'll notice that we have a templates directory, which includes templates for all of the YAML that will be generated as part of this Helm chart, and whose values we can actually modify using values.yaml, which just gives us a lot of variables for customizing what our settings are, our configurations are in this Helm chart. So let's get started then. I'm going to deploy all of these services through this chart to my local client cluster. So let's install this. We'll name our application cube metrics. Finally, we'll pass in the directory including our chart and all of its templates. And you can see all of the output we have here corresponding to actually starting all of our Prometheus and kubestate metrics deployments. And let's see if our deployments are there. And you can see they were all spun up and this required very little involvement from us. It was just all abstracted away and ready to use. Right. And so Gavin just demonstrated using Helm with templating. Some of the great things about templating is a relatively simple approach. It's relatively easy to understand what's going on. And it's relatively mature. And sort of the limitations of templating are that there's really only so much you can put into the template as inputs, right? So you can't supply every field that you want to maybe set in the low-level types. And it doesn't natively really tackle variants or cross-cutting concerns. The second sort of approach we're going to look at is YAML composition. And so an example of this is customized. With YAML composition, the inputs specified by the user are still in the native form of the API that the server supports. And so really it's about breaking up your YAML configuration files into composable pieces and factoring out either a common thing like a namespace from a bunch of different YAML files so you can only specify it in one place. Or factoring out some common piece of configuration from a base where you can use that to apply to different variant environments. In fact, you can layer customize on top of other CLIs more focused on abstraction like Helm. Using customize, you can post process Helm charts and create variants out of the box applications. And even better, you can generate these variants instead of having to manually fork and modify your application configuration. All right. So in our last example, we briefly covered how you could customize the configuration of your Helm chart application using the values.yaml file. But what about the case where you actually want to have two different variants of these Helm charts? One for a staging and one for a production cluster. And just to dive into this example a little more, let's say I wanted to have different metrics retention dates for my different Prometheus servers deployed to staging versus production clusters. So we can pull out the retention date we currently have by default by just getting the deployment and gripping out what retention is. So you could see that we have a retention argument passed to one of our containers. That is for 15 days. How could I make it seven days for staging because we don't care about staging and metrics retention as much, but also set it to 30 days for production clusters. We can do this using customize and a concept called overlays. And what overlays do is allow you to apply patches to create variants of a base source of configuration. In this case, we're going to use Helm as our base. So you can see that in this patch here, what we do is we just provide enough information for a customize to know how to map this patch to a particular pod in deployment. So you can see that we provide the necessary matching labels and we then provide an override for the argument that we want to set to seven days in our staging instance. And likewise, we have a patch in our production overlay. That's for 30 days. So to run this, we can create a small script around the customized CLI that allows us to supply these patches whenever we want. And we can invoke in this example, which patch we want to use by using a environment variable to say what environment we're deploying to. So we are going to set our deployment environment to staging. And then we're going to run Helm install similar to last time. But we're going to add a new argument called post renderer. And what this does is it allows us to pass in our customized script to apply our desired overlay. So let's run this and apply this to our cluster. You can see we got the same output as last time indicating that we got the expected deployment set up. Let's quickly go back and run and see what our retention policy looks like now. And you'll see that instead of 15 days earlier, now it's just seven days. So this overlay was applied as expected to our staging cluster. Thanks for the demo, Gabby. And so as we saw that YAML composition is great for producing like a variant or factoring out some piece of YAML from another piece. YAML composition allows multiple layers to be defined. So unlike templating, which tend to be binary relationships, you can stack more and more layers on top of each other. And they do stage true to the underlying API. So you can understand like how you, if you want to set a particular field, it's relatively straightforward to understand how to set up that field. Really, their limitations are that one, they cannot express high level distractions. You are operating at a low level, inserting snippets here and there. So if you just want to say set this field, and then it goes and generates a bunch of different other stuff, that's not something you're going to get from YAML composition. And it can't express any sort of dynamic or reactive logic. So that means if you are patching another layer, and that layer changes underneath you, your patch is not going to be able to react to that. It's just going to be static and that can be brittle. Sorry, I'm going to have to turn on my do not disturb. There we go. Sorry, there was a little ping. That's annoying. Okay. And starting. A third approach we're going to look at are configuration domain specific languages. And configuration DSLs are languages specifically designed for users to express configuration and solve problems related to configuration. They're optimized for expressing and composing and transforming configuration data. And they frequently use something like inheritance or unification as their primary technique. In this demo, we'll take a look at the BSL Q-Lang. And what Q-Lang does is it allows you to create this notion of a patch that's applied to base deployments. So let's actually take a look at this patch first. And you can see that this patch is responsible for providing default values, but also imposing types on certain fields that are supposed to be populated by the base values that I'll show you above. But you can see that replicas are meant to be integers and components are meant to be strings. And scrolling up here, we can see that we've actually been able to populate those typed values with the actual values of their own. So we have one for staging that has the seven-day retention period we're now familiar with. And we also have a production one with a 30-day retention day period. So let's take a look at running this.  And just to show this typing in action, let's set replicas up here to a string, which it's not supposed to be. And you'll see that Q was able to give us an error related to this mismatch between types. And so summarizing domain-specific languages, they're really a one-stop shop for expressing your configuration. You can do all your configuration stuff in them. They really are focused on providing a configuration-first experience. And they have a slightly different way of thinking than standard traditional programming where it's really more about something like inheritance. Some of the cons are that because they're a different model than imperative programming languages, you need to learn how to use that particular DSL. And they really need to be standardized in an organization. If you're having different sorts of DSLs in your organization and some DSLs are used for one particular type of workload and another DSL is used for another type of workload, then that can be really difficult to build up a good set of libraries. And then a tip with DSLs is because they are not general-purpose languages that most folks are familiar with how to debug and have all the debug tools that they're used to. You really want to avoid doing clever things that can make the control flow hard to follow. Moving on to the general purpose language techniques. So this is kind of following in the idea of why don't we do configuration as code. And instead of having a kind of new thing that folks have to learn, I trade that sort of customized model focused on configuration for a model that just uses a programming language people are familiar with. It's often part of a framework which can do more than just expressing configuration but can also manage stuff like rolling out your configuration or solving other problems for you. And oftentimes these frameworks are capable of pulling in configuration from other sources so you can use helm or customize or a DSL tool with them as an input source. And this example will briefly cover Pulumi which allows you to write go that is compiled into an executable that Pulumi runs to install whatever is defined in this executable to an actual Kubernetes cluster. So you can see that we can provide configuration arguments such as what destination or type of cluster we're deploying this to and then write imperative logic to change the value of certain variables depending on where we're going to be using these variables. And down here you can see that the Prometheus server deployment that we've been using throughout our demos is now represented as a classic ghost truck that makes use of the variables we set imperatively above. So this quacks like go, it looks like go because it is go and that is one of the powers of Pulumi. So looking at general purpose languages the pros are they're a familiar approach because they have reusable libraries, reusable patterns, IDs and debuggers folks are used to and they may come with a built-in support for tackling other problems and they can usually ingest configuration from other sources as well. Some of the limitations of general purpose languages is that the languages themselves are typically not optimized for expressing configuration so it's a little more challenging than the DSL would provide. There is complexity that comes with writing a program like the ability to just look at the program and know that this is going to output the right thing is more challenging when you have functions and you have for loops and branches and these sorts of things. And that when they are packaged with an orchestration solution that it may be difficult to tease the two apart and they may be tightly coupled enough that you can't just use the general purpose SDK with your arbitrary orchestration solution you're using today. And so the final approach we're going to look at is modeling client-side configuration similar to server-side APIs or server-side really configuration. And so the idea here is you write modules or functions which look at the holistic state of the system similar to how controllers look at the holistic state of the system and are capable of reading into the configuration, generating new configuration, transforming configuration or validating configuration based on some desired spec provided to that function. And so like one thing you can do here that's different than it's been shown so far is rather than trying to take a high level construct for an abstraction and generate configuration from it you can actually take in a low level deployment and annotate that deployment to say okay turn this into a high level thing and then it can promote it by attaching a configuration data to a resource you've already defined. All right time for our last demo where we're going to be showing off Kpt and Kpt is different than Customize and even DSLs because instead of patching a high level resource with low level settings Kpt takes an opposite approach in which it takes a low level resource and populates and promotes it into a Prometheus deployment. So in this root deployment yaml we provide information merely relating to what Kpt's reconciliation of sorts will match on to add for more fields to a particular deployment. And we use something called the Starlark script to handle that in Kpt land but we won't delve into that too much in this demo. Just know when we run Kpt function run and then try run it to get the yaml and enable star so we can run that Starlark script. You can see this deployment we have above is expanded out with the other fields like image arguments that we expected as in previous demos and here we again see our default of 17 days. Now to watch Kpt's variance support in action we can uncomment the spec here which provides a different first argument and then run the same argument as we ran previously and you'll see that the promoted deployment now includes our new custom retention time of just seven days. So that's just the taste of Kpt in action. The pros of the sort of controller-esque approach are that the architecture is similar to the Kubernetes APIs and controllers as you get kind of the same capabilities that you get there. If you are consuming functions that this is a relatively flexible and composable approach just as controllers and APIs you can match deployments in horizontal parallel scalars and these sorts of things can do similar capabilities. The cons are one that writing a controller for instance is more difficult than writing a template and that's true here as well. You're evaluating a much broader set of inputs and reconciling the state of the system so it's going to be more difficult to write those modules because they are more sophisticated. And a second limitation here is that it is a really relatively new and experimental approach. It's really only been come about in the last year and so there's not a lot of resources for what are the best practices and how do you best use this technology? All right now that we've had a chance to go over five techniques used by Kubernetes CLIs we can evaluate how each type of CLI can help us with certain objectives. So on the top two rows templating and yampling composition emerge as the ideal option for folks who want to keep their logic simple. They are useful for abstraction invariance respectively but given their emphasis on simplicity they don't attempt to provide all of abstraction cross-cutting abstraction invariance at once. So as a result you might not get all that you want from either of these options. Moving down the y-axis we can see that domain specific languages and general purpose languages offer similar functionality with less simplicity traded for more customizability. The choice between the two language-based options hinges on how declarative versus imperative you want your logic to be. DSLs are also great if you invest in your configuration system and can standardize on a single approach whereas general purpose languages are useful if you want to develop solutions in a language you're already familiar with or want to ingest multiple input types into an orchestration system with some last mile changes.  So for folks looking to mix and match logic on various types of inputs as well as try something kind of fun and new, controller-esque CLIs might be a good fit for you. On that note we hope this talk successfully opened you up to something you didn't know and empowered you to explore the diverse world of Kubernetes CLIs out there. Thank you for your time. Now we're going to take questions, right? Yes, question time.


So thanks a lot for coming tonight. I hope you enjoyed the event as I enjoyed it and so thanks a lot to Indira and Mahelen. It was from my point of view very useful. So I should say that IHS was created in 1958 and we had to wait until last September to hire our first female professor. So and so we are not very proud of it. The fifth republic has been created also in 1958 and now we have two prime ministers, women prime ministers, so even we are not at this level and so it's really a problem for us. I mean it's not only at the level of permanent professors. We also host a very huge invitation program where we have only 10% of our visitors, which are women and also 10% of people applying to visits which are women and it's really something we are trying to address and it's not an easy question and we organized several events to try to understand a bit better the issues and to try to find some solutions. So another thing that I would like to say is that we shared this event with FMGH. I mean, I'm very glad to do so and we also shared the same concerns and I'm sure Pascal would say some words on it. Thanks a lot. Okay, thank you Emmanuel. So thank you everybody for being here. Thanks also to people who are connected to the event. So I'm very glad to be associated to this event which is organized by the AIGS and I'm also glad to meet my old friend Emmanuel here. And of course we are completely aware of this huge problem of parity and gender inequality. We tried at our level of FMGH to do something. Of course, this is very modest effort, but last year we launched this Maria Mirzecchini Junior Prize and as you have seen, we had our first winner, who is here and we are very proud of her. Thank you Bertie. And we also tried to do something else. We have this FMGH care new program that we are launching this year and among the actions that we want to promote there is something which I think is important. It is to promote mentorship at the bachelor level in order to encourage women to do science, to make a PhD and something it's an issue of being encouraged and things that we can do, the things that we want to do. So I hope that this will help in correcting things. Another thing that I would like to say is that it's not only an issue of being fair or unfair, it's also an issue of being efficient. I think that the scientific world would be much more efficient with women rather than only with men. So that's what I wanted to say. Thank you.


things is being able to have desire, you have needs, you can go to the mall and take care of them and you can, you've got wants, but desires are very, very huge. It's very hard to know what you really, what, what, what you desire. The erotic desire, yeah. Well, some of that desire is what the Greeks called Pothos, which is an unfulfilled longing for the beyond, so that you always want more, so that it's never enough. And that feeling that it's never enough is nobody's fault. It's given with the figure of Eros, Eros had three faces, immediate desire of Himeroos, which is like physical wanting and immediate physical connection. And then Anteroos, which was answered love, and love couldn't move unless it was answered, faced back and forth. And then the third one was Pothos, which was for the beyond. And that's never fulfilled, and that occurs in, that's the kind of nostalgic longing for the unknown. And it may have appeared first when you were 14 years old. Some extraordinary song that holds you, or some Beatrice for Dante, something that's, it's the great romantic longing. And that's a desire that creates the wings and is behind a lot of romantic art and music. And the longing, a fellow told me in one of these seminars, a very interesting sentence, he said, the way the only solution for the longing for union is union with the longing. Very nice sentence. The solution to the longing for union is the union with the longing. See, we don't stay with the longing, we want it fulfilled. And the essence of the longing is that it can't be fulfilled. So your needs can be fulfilled, but not that transcendent longing. So by staying with the, by union with the longing, realizing you are a creature of longing, the romantic said, tell me what you're long for, German romantics, and I will tell you who you are. Tremendous sentence. We say, what do you do?  Tell me what you long for, and I will tell you who you are. They made a great deal of Seinsucht, that kind of nostalgia. I don't know what other word to use for it, longing. And it's more than the desire that the French are using, this juissance desire. I think it's something much more than that. You do what everyone else does. But in your fantasy, you're thinking literally about how do I make soul? Like, give me the recipes. And that isn't the point. The point is to have the fantasy that what you're doing makes soul. So don't worry about it. No, I didn't say that either. Just let it go and be able to pass. No, you still want it, you still want a literal instruction. You're still asking me concretely how. Now that is an American problem, the how thing. As a guy said the other day on TV, Americans are great at means and not very good at ends. In other words, we know how to do all kinds of things. We know how to multiply information endlessly. But we have no idea why all this information or what the point of it is and no criticism about it or anything else. We know how to do everything. And we ask always how. We are geniuses at application. Like the Japanese are geniuses at miniaturization. The Chinese invented the fan. The Japanese invented how to fold it.