All right, so I made this thing. This is the QSN. I made it with crappy plastic and I kind of got crappy results, which I expected. I also dropped it a few times, so it doesn't look as elegant. But point is, is it successfully printed and what's really cool is when you when you spin it, you can actually see all the way through it and you can see the internal structure that there is. It's hard to get that angle just right. But you can see all the way through it. There's this kind of spherical structure on the inside with with vertexes. But yeah, it's a pretty cool object. It's a little slower so you can see, you want to see the light through it a little bit. Yeah, I think maybe. I think it's better. You can see the, I believe there's one, two, three, four, five, six, there's eight points on the inside in there. So what what is this exactly? So this is the QSN and it's something that me and Ray have been working on trying to 3D print. This object is very difficult to 3D print and once I saw it in the 3D CAD model, I was like, I want to attempt to print that. So Ray optimized it, then I optimized it and then after many hours of testing, I printed it. However, I used really crappy plastic, so I got crappy results. The other models I have with better plastic work a lot nicer. They look a lot nicer, but you know, trial and error.


Hey, Tony Gaskins here, really just wanted to pop in, just turn my video off before I was recording cause I'm sitting in bed and I just sent an email out to the students on Tony Gaskins Academy and about my birthday sale. And I'm doing a birthday sale of 38% off of the courses, excluding the life coach certification and to celebrate my 38th birthday and I sent an email out and of course email is a form of marketing. It's going to people who have already supported me in some way, whether they got a free course or they're on the Academy.  And I woke up and I was sitting and I've been reading this morning since I got up. I'm reading a book, which I shared that book with my supporters on Patreon, those at the $50 a month level. Each book that I'll be reading this year, I'm going to share it with them just because they're supporting on a very high level. And I feel like the certain type of books that I read that I will read will benefit me on a high level. But I said all of that to say nothing. The point of this video, and I just turned on Zoom because I didn't know how to record without a camera on. So I turned on Zoom and I'm sitting here and it's 7.45 a.m. And I'm thinking, I said to myself, honestly, I'll be transparent with you. I laughed. I laughed and I said, man, it feel good to be working from bed. Like it just something about doing work, like serving my purpose, running my business, but sitting up perched in my bed. And I know it's a lot of talk about having an office and having a staff and going out in the corporate world and having this job, but I just cannot, I can't compare, I've worked for somebody. I can't compare working for somebody and going to this job, working for somebody, having to deal with people's personality, people's attitude, people's, just whatever they're going through. And then I can't compare that to my own peace of mind, my own schedule, my own rules, my own ideas and not having to answer to anyone, but myself and the people I'm serving, my clients, my customers, my students, my supporters, I just can't compare the two. I can't compare the two. And so it just kind of makes me think like, man, you know what? I really, I gotta share this and I don't know this kind of a video for the Blessed Business Tribe or for everybody, but I really, really want more people to just try to tap into your gifts, your purpose, your passion, whatever it may be, just try to tap in just to see what's there.  But then you say, but then you say, well, I would love it, but I'm scared. I don't know how to do it. I don't know what to do. I don't know how I earn money. And I wouldn't recommend just leaving your job. A lot of people do that. I wouldn't recommend just leaving your job and just going to start your company and not having a clue what you're doing. I would recommend balancing the dream and the job and working on your gifts, your passion, your purpose, whatever it is on your days off. And I would recommend balancing for like a year or more if need be. And understanding that any and everything you wanna do, you do it one step at a time. That's the thing that a lot of people don't realize is they think that you have to have this huge grand plan. You gotta have all these connections. You gotta do all of this stuff. So I'll tell you, and I'm giving you some brand secrets some brand secrets here. And I know it'll be people that jump out there and try to beat me to it. But I take stuff one step at a time. And so if I'm trying to create something, there's a site called Upwork. And there's a site called Fiverr, F-I-V-E-R-R.com. And those sites have freelancers. So let's say I'm creating a project for the web, like a website. So right now I'm creating a website, one lane, I'm also creating an app in another lane. I'm also creating some carts, like a deck of carts in another lane. And I'm also creating a cosmetic company. So those four things going at one time. Now y'all see me show up on YouTube every day talking about love and relationships, but I do business. I do business outside of that. That's what I'm busy doing.  Then there's a thing called UX UI. UX stands for user experience. UI stands for user interface. When you type in UX UI, UX slash UI on Fiverr or Upwork, it auto fills, it auto fills, you select it. And then what this is, is it's basically like a designer designing the look and feel of your website or your app. And that's the next step. Then it's, if you're doing a website, it's a web developer. Web developer, if it's a software site, like my mentor.life, my company, my mentor.life is like a software, basically. Then it's a software developer. Some people are utility men and women, so they do a little bit of everything, but a lot of times coders don't design and designers don't code. So it's two different jobs. And just one step at a time, logo, UX UI, then the developer. Then after that, it's done. So one of the websites I'm doing, I have a company that did my mentor.life. They did the design of the website. They have a designer in-house and they did the development of the website. So next week, we're gonna be testing that site. And then after it'll be done, and now that site will have an ad network on it.  You see the ads on the side, you see it in the middle of the articles. You see these things. And those ads earn money. It's just like this YouTube video. You'll be interrupted by ads. That's how the money is made.  But when you think about the life of the ad network, it could earn $2,000 a month. So now for $2,000 investment to turn and make $12,000, $24,000 a year and then do that year after year after year. And even if it's not the ad dollars, it could be marketing dollars in the sense of pay promo. So we could write an article on that site to promote your book for $500. Well, if 50 people do that in a year, 500 times 10 is $5,000. And then $5,000 happening five times, that's $25,000. So now the $2,000 investment is made $25,000. And so that's how I look at it. Because a lot of times people, like we will blow $2,000 on just shoes, on clothes, on going out to eat. When you think about every time you go out to eat, you think about the extra shoes you buy because you like shoes. Those things don't really benefit you financially. Now, yeah, you get some, you know, feel good hormones released into your body and yeah, shoes make your feet look better and going out to eat family time or friend time or what have you. But if you're trying to have financial freedom, if you're trying to be your own boss, if you're trying to change your life in that way, then you have to look into investments. And a lot of people make it way harder than what it is when it's really just one step at a time. Just breaking it down to one step at a time. So even like with the cards that I'm creating, the card design is already created and I've already wrote the questions for the cards. And so then, so first is the card design. That's on Fiber for $20 or three different designs, $75. Then writing the content for the cards. So that's my time, that takes me some time. Then it's finding the printer for the cards, which I use a site, Alibaba, which is all of the factories in Asia, A-L-I-B-A-B-A, Alibaba.com, which is almost like, Jack Ma is the founder, Jack, J-A-C-K, Ma, M-A, he's a billionaire. So he's basically the Asian Jeff Bezos. And Alibaba is almost like the Asian Amazon.com. And so I go on Alibaba and I order all kinds of stuff over there. Like I want to sell key chains on Etsy.com, E-T-S-Y, where you can sell stuff on Etsy. I got these key chains that I bought a key chain and it cost me $34. It was like a crystal and it had the logo of the card engraved inside of the crystal. It cost me $34. When I looked up those key chains on Alibaba, it was $1 per key chain. I'm like, this person is making a crazy return that sold me this key chain through eBay or Etsy. So I invested in 100 of those key chains and set up an Etsy shop. I let my sister run it. Now it didn't sell anything, but it only costs $100. I didn't market it either. And, but you just never know. One day Etsy might put it in the algorithm. Somebody search custom for key chain and then that page comes up and it starts selling like crazy. Just never know when it's gonna happen or how it's gonna happen, but you see people selling on Etsy and eBay that you've never met. Their product just comes up when you search it. And so that's why I'm thinking business and every aspect so that I could be my own boss and so that I could do my own thing and so that I could work from bed so that I could do it the way I want to do it.  You got to have your camera. You got to have a nice lighting. You got to have your makeup on. You got to be set up. I'm shooting you a video from my bed using Zoom without my camera. I'm in my underwear. Forgive me for, you know, but I'm in bed. I don't have a shirt on and, but I'm doing this the way I want to do it. And I am my own boss working for God, but my own boss and I feel like there's freedom in that.  And so they try to make your life miserable. And I believe that we all deserve a shot at that if that's what you want. If that's what you want. If you don't want it, then God bless you. This ain't for you.  But I believe, and this is the thing, I was watching this tribe, the Shanti tribe in Ghana and this video was from years ago. And it was just showing how all of these women, they're coming from, they're bringing these plantains, however you would pronounce it. And then some selling other things, they selling different things in the market in Ghana. And they have the queen woman who she's over it. And it's all the women selling. So the women go down, they set a price, people buy from them. And then those people take that product to the market. The men carry, that's how the men get paid by carrying the baskets of product. And it's just this bargaining thing. They'll have hour-long bargaining, 160, 160. I want 160, I want 160. They speaking in their language and I'm reading the translation. And then the people like, no, I paid 170 yesterday and I took a loss. So I can only pay 160 today.  You cheating me out of my money. And they will argue for a whole hour and then boom, finally sell on 160. The one woman, she mad, the other lady who younger and feel like she's smarter, she happy. Now she take them plantains down to the market and she's selling them and they hustling and grinding. But look at this, all these different people doing the same thing. And I saw one young lady, she telling the older lady, she was like, listen, we took a loss yesterday. We can't make no money with you selling it at this price. We can't make no money at this price. All buying it at this price, we can't compete. They end the marketplace doing business, entrepreneurship. They're not working no corporate job. Everybody eating off the land.  Tomorrow you might buy from the person right beside them selling the same thing. Just because you like this person's smile better today.  Then somebody else does shipping. You see what I'm saying? So now that's several businesses and we all need each other, but it's so many people that guess what? We need more ghost writers because if I'm the only ghost writer and we got a million people that wanna write a book, we're gonna need a million ghost writers. So everybody eating, we're gonna need more formatters, more editors, more proofreaders, more printers, more shippers, the UPS, FedEx, what have, and so each of us is a small business and you don't need a lion's share.  So I don't need to make a billion dollars and guess what? Look at what I do. How many people do what I do? But yet my business earns seven figures. Seven figures means a million dollars or more, but how many people are authors? How many people have a YouTube channel? How many people are speakers? How many people are life coaches? How many people do what I do, but yet they're still a large enough piece of the pie for my family to earn a million dollars or more. And that's the mistake that people make. People think that there isn't enough room and they say, oh, I'm not gonna do this, but what you have to realize, nobody is you. Nobody has my exact same country accent. Nobody is as, nobody is as tactfully transparent as I am. Meaning a lot of people who do what I do have to come on in an outfit with a suit, with a blazer, with glasses on, with a hat on, with shiny shoes. I come on with a t-shirt. And then when I'm not in a t-shirt, I just told you I'm in my drawers with no shirt on. Now, some people, oh, that's TMI. That's too much information, but that's my personality. And that's what separates me from the next man and the next woman.  This ain't really their personality, they're faking. They're trying to act like Tony Gaskins. They sound and acting like Tony Gaskins. And instead of being themselves. So the fact that, listen, 1,000 people can crochet. Everybody gonna have their own little flair. Everybody gonna have their own little design. But it's so many people that all 1,000 people got a market share. It's a billion people. It's 300 million people in their country in America. So everybody got their own little share of business, but then everybody has more than one gift. So you don't just crochet, you also sew. You also tailor. So now you in three marketplaces. So if you got a small percentage of each market, all three of those add up to provide your living. And so that's what you have to understand. That's what you got to understand. It's time for you to stretch your mind, get out of that scarcity mindset and start taking one step at a time. One step at a time. I have a client who she created just her own hair care. Just got in her kitchen and put some stuff together. She's not a chemist. She started using her hair. It felt good, felt like it was working. She started making more for this friend, that friend, this person, that person, this person, got a logo, got some packaging, got the formula down, got the formula down, then found a manufacturer, started posting it on Instagram or YouTube, showing how to use the product. It kind of went viral, started getting sales, started doing Black Friday, being able to make money on Black Friday, then distributors reached out, hey, we distribute to the stores, got in Target, got in Walmart, natural hair care, natural hair care and started in the kitchen. If you just be willing to start somewhere, just be willing to start somewhere and put one foot in front of the other, it will change your life. It'll change your life. And so that's what I want you to understand. And I'm not doing one-on-one sessions right now and I'll tell you why. Why I'm not doing one-on-one sessions because I'm in a space, I'm in a space of creating. I'm in a space of creating and I'm in a space of creating. So I did a music video for the books of the Bible. I'm in a space of creating. And so here's the thing, with this creating, if I'm on the phone with you for an hour, that hour I could have did this video. Now, if I'm on the phone with you, it's just me and you for an hour. If I do a video, it's gonna be from what I've seen on YouTube on my channel, a minimum of 3,000 people see it. So for every hour I could reach one person or I could reach 3,000 people. And so what you have to do is you have to take this knowledge and you gotta apply it to your situation. You gotta apply it to your situation. And I charge $400 an hour and that is a 90% or more discount on my hourly time. And that's a lot of money. And that's why I'm not doing one-on-ones right now because I don't feel comfortable charging people more than $400 an hour. And some people do it now.  But the white guys, and I'm not being racist, I'm just saying he got a different kind of confidence. They do not be caring. They literally, I have reached out to guys who are upstanding citizens. They legitimate people with millions of followers or hundreds of thousand followers, best-selling books or what have you, these people, they don't mind charging you $7,500 for a one-on-one session. One guy said $20 to $30,000 for a one-on-one session. So they just charge their price. And if you wanna pay it, that's out of you. You know, if you got that kind of money, I'm just not there yet. I guess I ain't confident enough. I just don't, I don't feel like it's that much value in the world to be charging that much money. I just, $30,000, I could see that if I get to sit down and talk to Jesus. But to a man, no. To a human, no. $30,000. And so I say that to say, that's what's happening though. So that's why I'm not doing one-on-ones right now. Now I do have a program where it's a year of coaching and it's $7,500 and it's an upfront thing and we work one hour a month. And the reason why I did that is because it's $7,500 and I know that that's a large amount of money but I'm doing 12 hours of coaching for that amount and but and an in-person meeting where you can fly to my city and we do like a four hour workshop on your business and brand. And then if it's during a football season, you also can go to the football game to my suite on that Sunday, the next day. But so it's a lot of value I'm putting in there for $7,500 and that comes down to $625 an hour. But that's no it don't because I forgot the four hour session. So $468 an hour. So that's peanuts compared to my earning and compared to my business size and my brand size and compared to what people on my brand level are charging. But I do that because I know $7,500 in my demographic that let me know this person is extremely serious and this person has done enough work to get to a financial place to where I'm not digging them out the mud, they already got a foundation. They already understand discipline, sacrifice, stewardship because they have set access to $7,500. And so it's things that go into that as well because coaching is really, is not for when you down, trodden and depressed. That's what therapy is for. And then therapy help you get your footing, counseling therapy, help you get your footing, help you kind of get up, stand up. And then once you get a little wind under your then that's when you go to coaching. And that's when it tap into your purpose and your business, therapists are not business coaches. They're not giving you a business plan. That's what a coach is doing, a consultant is doing. So I want you to understand the difference. And cause a lot of times when I do videos like this a lot of people be reaching out with Tony, can you work with me? Tony, can you work with me? And then when I tell you people just being from the demographic that we from, we don't understand how business works because we don't come from that. We weren't giving that in this demographic. And so we don't realize if I say it's $400 an hour people fall out of their seat and don't realize that it's white men who on my same level of success or less charging $10,000 an hour. But because of we come from a different demographic we just can't imagine paying that much money for our self-investment on average because a lot of us come from poverty. A lot of us come from brokenness. A lot of us come from no self-investment. We come from buying Jordans and Tommy Hill figure and these different fashion brands to buy self-worth instead of building our net worth. We buy things losing our money to feel special. But then we turn our nose up at a course for sale or a consultation price or a coaching session price. And that is another reason why we remain in poverty and why other races who take and they invest other demographics, because it's some people of different races in my demographic that may come from the same scarcity mindset, although being from a different race or nationality, but it's other people of a different mindset, the mindset that we growing to, the mindset we getting to that they take and they make those investments. And that's what I had to do. That's honestly what set me free. When I start, when I stop investing in material things to make me look successful, instead of investing in me and my products and my business and my knowledge to actually become successful. So that then I could afford material possessions out of my profits, not out of my necessities, not out of the money I need to live. I could spend extra money, play money, profit on nice clothes of a higher caliber or designer brand or nicer car because I had made the investment into my knowledge and into my business. And that's the difference. And you have to be able to make that shift. And when you make that mindset shift to where your investment is a true investment and not just flushing your money down the toilet. An investment means you're earning. You have a return on investment. If you're not investing, if you're just spending then that's not an investment. You're basically giving your money away. So let me see the, watching the news about what we got going on in the world right now in Russia and Ukraine. So I say that to say, hopefully this give you some inspiration and you can get started. Like I say, it is some sharks out there.  So I like Fiverr because it's all different levels. And then it's easier to just see what they've done because they have the portfolios on there, they got the star rating, they got all the different metrics that you can look and see. So I personally utilize Fiverr. And then if I have a tougher project, a project that just a little more intense, Upwork tends to have better talent. Like I did a shoe design for a client and I got the shoe designed for $1,200. And then I got on Alibaba and got a prototype of the shoe, a sample of the shoe for $1,500. And it came with two samples, two different colorways. So basically it was like $750 per sample. And so I got that on Upwork. Could I have got a shoe design the proper way for the manufacturer to use the file on Fiverr maybe, but I didn't even check because I just assumed it was more of a complex job. So I found somebody on Upwork to do that. And so that's the level. Like my client now who's a professional basketball player could literally have his own shoe line off of a 1,700, not 1,700, $2,700 investment. He could have, that's the genesis of his own shoe line that could earn him millions of dollars. So a lot of times, this is what we're not realizing is when you're scrolling on Instagram and you see that brand that's selling them T-shirts and them pants, a lot of them brands, like for example, I found a brand, the T-shirt costs like $30 or $50. I guarantee you that shirt is coming from China. And it's $5 to $7 a shirt. They just found the right composition, the right material, and got it designed, had a sketch artist, a fashion designer, just draw up the sketch. And then the manufacturer is just putting that into the machine and printing it out basically, you know, like I was stitching it out and I guarantee you the majority of the money that the company is spending is in social media marketing, but they selling these shirts for $35. And I know they're not paying $10 a shirt. They're paying $5, maybe paying $3, could even be paying one or $2 a shirt because they might be producing 1,000 units. And we take, and I spend $200 a pop, every time I go to the site, I probably spent $500 to $1,000 on the site for $50 to $100 worth of material. That's the profit margin. So when I had my T-shirts, now I'm on TonyGaskinStore.com, but when I had TonyGaskinShop.com, I was selling the shirts for $20 a shirt, but the shirt cost me $6 a shirt. So I'm making $14 a shirt. So that's more than double my investment. And $20 is the standard price, the standard price. Now I could get that shirt down to $3 a shirt, down to $2 a shirt if I do larger quantity. So look at that profit margin. So what I want you to understand is that business is not as hard as people make it. That business is a thing because it's just really for the people who gonna go and get it. It's for the people who gonna do the research. It's for the people who gonna go get the knowledge. Like it's people, it's white families that's moving dirt in their millionaires and they're moving dirt. They are moving dirt. I know these families. They picking up boo-boo out the sewers and moving it, going to a wasteland in their millionaires, 24,000 square foot homes. They found a way to get grocery. They went to where the produce comes from. My partner's grandfather started a grocery store. And do you know what grocery store that is? If you come to the Southeast, Publix, Publix Supermarkets. I went to school with the grandson and we are close friends, very close friends and we are business partners.  It was started by one man with a vision. George Jenkins who had the guts to go and say, where is this produce coming from? Where is these groceries coming from? Cause he worked at Pigley Wigley's and he in there working, working his finger to the bone. And he said, who is this started Pigley Wigley? Is this guy smarter than me or this woman smarter than me? Absolutely not. Where is produce coming from? Where are these groceries coming from? He went to the plug. It's the same thing that we did as black men and Italian men and Hispanic men and Asian men. It's the same thing we did in the drugs, in the drugs. We went to the plug. Where is this stuff coming from? Columbia, okay, I'm flying to Columbia.   And then the black man eventually buy him a plane or the Italian man or the Hispanic man. And so you see how this, and I'm speaking like this just because this is the real differences between how different races did stuff and based on your space in America. So you can't be racially sensitive. You gotta look at this. And of course there's exceptions to the rules and generalizing, but this is what happened. And so it's really, your mindset doesn't have to be based on your nationality. Your mindset don't have to be based on your color. If you got some negative things about your race so your nationality, you could break those things. You could break those things and it's like to send them in some pictures of these shoes and I literally think my wife got all of them already. Sending me these Chanel shoes. That is so interesting. But that made me feel so good as a husband. That the ones that she would wear, she already got. Look at God. That made me feel good as a husband. That she taken care of. And this lady grinding, cause she is from this lady, this shopper that's texting me right now. She from the Ukraine. And her country is going through a lot and she sending these photos to get her sales off. She grinding. Look at that mentality. She not sitting and soaking. She say, I got to grind now. So listen to him. I'ma go ahead and get going.  Please forgive me, especially with no video. I know it's hard to listen, but this'll be kind of like a little podcast, I guess. So listen, get started. Get started, get going. Get going. And if you just really, if you incorporate and you incorporate six figures and you ready to build your brand, make the transition. And you just say, I'm so systematic and so corporate. I don't have a clue what to do. And you want to join my one year program, then you could do that. That's not the purpose of this video to sell that. Please don't think that. Do not think I done did all this talking to sell that, but it just at the same time, although I still try my best to be accessible, but I just have to be at a different price point so that I'm not overburdened so that it's not the mask. Because a lot of times people, they'll put $400 on a credit card and just waste my time on that call and don't even really be wanting nothing. And I just, oh Lord, him has given a 90% discount and still wasting my time. This person ain't want nothing. Some people just waste $400 just to talk in circles. And so that's why I'm trying to get away from it. And no offense, me being blunt, being real with you. No offense to that. But it's still, I know sometimes if you're trying to build something, you're trying to build something big and you just kind of need outside of pain almost like a board member. That's what I use my consulting for, just to be another voice, another sounding board outside mind helping you think of marketing, strategy, product and coming to market. And so you're gonna see my new website I'm doing. You know, my mentor.life. You know, TonyGassesAcademy.com. You know, GaskinsUniversity.com. You know, CharacterUniversity.com. But you're gonna see my app coming. You're gonna see the cards, the card game coming. It's gonna be multiple apps. You're gonna see the new website coming. So you're gonna see all the different things I'm producing and bringing to market. And you get the idea that I don't just be talking. I really do this because I'd have been full-time entrepreneur now for over a decade. And I turn 38 next Tuesday. So I really been at this.  I look forward to talking to you some more and working with you soon. Take care.


You're going to go as far as you can go for a day, and then whatever the odometer says at the end of that day, that's how far you went. And then if you want to test it out again next time, you can reset the odometer back to zero again. The balance sheet shows you where you ended up at the end of that time frame.


Are you tired of your expandable scroll rex expanding like this? This is really annoying. I know how to fix that.  Go to your pivot and set Y to 1. And now it should snap to the top. So whenever you add anything to the scroll rex, it will just add to the bottom. Now, if you are curious on how my scroll rex are set up, it looks just like that. So the main object has a scroll rex, an image, and a mask. And for the panel, the child object, it has an image, a vertical layout group and a content size fitter. Now the image is optional. And vertical layout group is just to make everything lined up and content size fitter just expands the panel automatically. I hope you enjoyed this quick tip. Consider leaving a like if you did and subscribe for more.


All right. So, we left off with this, in some sense, terrifyingly large region of allowed perimeter space for dark matter. And what we're going to do now is try to narrow that down a little bit, but at the expense of making some assumptions about the dark matter. So, in particular, we're going to now start looking at dark matter in the cosmological framework. So, in the early universe, we're going to say that the dark matter can interact with standard model particles. Oops. So, I'm going to label my dark matter with a chi, and I'll label my standard model particles with x's. Hopefully that won't get confusing. And I'm going to remain reasonably model independent about just how these interactions occur. So, I'm going to denote that with a blob. So, I can have several ways that this can happen. So, I can either have two dark matter particles annihilating into the standard model. And if this process is in equilibrium in the early universe, then the forward reaction is going to be happening at an equal rate to the backward reaction. But I can also have, you know, so if this diagram is allowed, then I can draw this diagram as well, where a single dark matter particle scatters off of a standard model particle elastically, essentially. So, I'm going to refer to this annihilation diagram as being inelastic, essentially because it changes the number of density of the dark matter particles. And this one here as being elastic because it is not changing the number density of the dark matter. To get estimate, essentially, the rate of each of these interactions, for the inelastic process, the rate is roughly going to be the number density of finding another dark matter particle times the velocity averaged cross-section. So, this number density here is coming from the fact that the dark matter has to find a partner with in order for this interaction to occur. For the elastic process, the rate is going to be the number density of the standard model particle times the cross-section. The difference between this and this is very important because it's essentially what's driving the difference between the rates of these two processes. So, in particular, the dark matter, non-relativistic, and the standard model particle we're assuming is relativistic. Therefore, the number densities associated with a non-relativistic particle versus a relativistic particle are different. And so, this is going to scale as e to the three-halves, temperature to the three-halves, e to the minus dark matter mass over temperature, sigma v. And this scales as temperature cubed, sigma v. So, again, the difference here is coming entirely from whether or not the particle is relativistic or not. You can derive that yourself. You just want an exercise to do. So, the number density is proportionally integral of the face space density over momentum. And if you put in the relativistic form for f, you get t cubed. And if you put in the non-relativistic form for f, you get this here. The elastic process here is going to essentially stop when the rate for the forward interaction becomes comparable to the Hubble rate. Because at that point in time, it's not going to be feasible for this dark matter particle to find its friend, because they're moving apart too quickly, so it can't find its friend. So, essentially, the forward process shuts off. So, what we want to compare is this rate to the Hubble rate H. And the temperature at which that occurs is called, well, is the freeze-out temperature. It's essentially the time at which the forward annihilation rate stops. At the elastic scattering case, it will shut off at the same point in time as well when its rate is going to be comparable to the Hubble rate for the same exact reason as the inelastic case. So, if we were to find out, if we wanted to sort of figure out which is going to happen first, well, and it guesses us to which is going to happen first, yell it out. So, think about how each of these is scaling with temperature, right? And so, as time progresses, temperature is cooling. So, which one is going to be, which rate is going to be falling off faster, either inelastic or elastic? So, when you take a minute, you can sort of scribble on a piece of paper, maybe talk with whosoever next door to you, and try to figure out which one of these is going to shut off first as the temperature cools and time increases. You guys ready to take a vote now? Votes for inelastic, shutting off first? Okay, good. Well, there better be 90% of people than voting for elastic. So, who's going to vote for elastic? All right. So, some people have voted twice, and most people have not voted at all. Okay, so, I will give another hint, and then we'll try again. So, this rate here is falling off as temperature to 3 halves e to the minus mx over temperature, right? And what we want to do is compare this with temperature cubed. So, the question is, which is going to get smaller faster? Is it this one or is it this one? Well, okay. So, fair enough point. Yes, we're assuming that the mass scale is not the macho scale. Sure, yes. So, if you make the assumption that the mass is much smaller than the temperature. All right. You're ready to vote now? All right. So, votes for elastic, this one, happening first. Votes for inelastic happening first? All right. We'll call that a win. So, the still is not 100% hands. But, yeah. So, what's going to happen is this is exponentially falling. So, it's going to become order hubble faster than the elastic rate will become order hubble. All because of the scaling here. So, this becomes order hubble first. Well, before gamma elastic becomes order hubble. So, that means that the annihilation of the dark matter is going to shut off first, but that this scattering process is still allowed to continue. And then after a certain amount of time, then this process will also shut off. Yeah. So, that's really important. So, let me just say it one more time because this is really going to play a role in the calculation we're just about to do. So, in the very early universe, you have both of these processes that are allowed, annihilation and elastic scattering. They're both in equilibrium with the standard model thermal bath. Then, because the dark matter here is annihilating with a nonrelativistic particle, this becomes, this rate, interaction rate, becomes order hubble first. So, the dark matter particle can't find its partner and will not be able to annihilate. So, this process shuts off. But even though this process shuts off, this one continues. And the dark matter continues scattering off of the standard model particles in the photon bath. But then, after some amount of time, this process also shuts off. And at that point in time, the dark matter is essentially decoupled from everything. When the dark matter decouples from everything, which is essentially when it stops scattering elastically as well, and it starts free streaming towards us, that essentially ends up setting the smallest scale allowed for the structures of the dark matter can form. Kinetic decoupling and where the kinetic decoupling is just the terminology for elastic scattering shuts off, then the dark matter is essentially free streaming until today. And the, it's wavelength at this point of time is essentially going to set the scale for the smallest structures that we observe. We can look at things like the matter, the dark matter power spectrum to learn what this scale is here. I'm going to try sketching this up on the board, but it won't be as good as what's ever in the notes. So, you should look there for the details. But these measurements are done from using Lyman alpha from high redshift quasars. And what they get is essentially the power associated with the given wave vector for the dark matter. And the data looks something like this. It's certainly not going to be as nice as what's in the plot, but so each line here corresponds to the power spectrum at a different redshift. So, for example, this line here would be redshift of quasars at redshift of z equals 2.2. And then as I move further up, up here we have redshifts of z of 5. So, each line is a different redshift going all the way up to redshifts of z of 5.4. And so, this is telling us the amount of power that we see in a given wave vector as a function of redshift. And if we plot over this, the expectation for different kinds of dark matter particles we'll get is the following. So, is what I'm going to call cold dark matter and blue. Can you distinguish between them? No. All right. I'll pick a better color. Do green. So, green is warm dark matter. And I'm going to come back to exactly what I mean by cold and warm in a second. But for now, just take these as being two different kinds of dark matter.  So, the white lines is what we observe. And then the green and the purple is the prediction. So, for cold dark matter and warm dark matter, they're both fairly consistent with the observations at lower redshift. Essentially, they mean it just kind of overlays the observation. But where we start seeing differences is in the high redshift. So, at high redshift, cold dark matter follows observation very well and warm dark matter doesn't. So, here at these high redshifts, we see that warm dark matter does not reproduce the observations. All right. So, what do I mean by warming cold? So, cold dark matter has the inelastic process. Well, the dark matter is nonrelativistic at freeze out. And the elastic scattering or kinetic decoupling happens much later, much later than when chemical equilibrium stops. So, for cold dark matter, coming back to our diagrams, for cold dark matter, this process shuts off and then it's some time before this one shuts off. Warm dark matter, the time difference between these two processes shutting off is smaller. So, this one still shuts off first, but now you don't wait as much time before the elastic process shuts off. I guess I'll write that here. So, for warm dark matter, kinetic decoupling happens sooner. So, CDM here is just shorthand for cold dark matter. The net result of the kinetic decoupling happening sooner is that the free streaming length is longer for warm dark matter and so you end up washing out structure at small scales. So, for warm dark matter, a general prediction for warm dark matter is you have less structure on small scales relative to cold dark matter, which we can see explicitly from this here. So, if we look at the curves, the power spectra for high redshift, the warm dark matter prediction, which is in green, cuts off before the prediction for cold dark matter, which is in purple. That essentially means that you have, that warm dark matter is cutting off at a smaller scale than the cold dark matter. And so, the power spectra here from the measurements from quasars actually allow us to measure this and what we find is actually that the data is more consistent with the cold picture. And in terms of actual numbers, this ends up restricting the dark matter mass to be greater than roughly, let me give you the exact number, 3.3 keV. So, dark matter masses have to be larger than 3.3 keV in order to be consistent with the power spectra observations. So, not all warm dark matter masses are excluded by this, but it's starting to get a little bit tight and this is, this is what the actual constraint is in terms of mass. I'm going to focus on now for the rest of this session is how we actually predict the dark matter density today if we make the assumption that the dark matter is cold, where the cold again means that it's totally not relativistic at chemical decoupling and that elastic decoupling happens much further down the road. Okay, so this calculation is referred to as a freeze out calculation, sort of a classic calculation that you do for dark matter. I'm going to outline it here and then all of the details are in the notes, but essentially our goal is going to be to calculate the abundance of the cold dark matter today. In order to do this, we need to use the Boltzmann equation, which relates, this is called the Liouville operator, this is the collision operator. Liouville operator tells us how the number density of dark matter changes with time and in particular you can show explicitly that it's equal to the change in the number density with, so the differential, the number density with T and then a term here that accounts for the fact that the number density is also changing due to the expansion of the universe. So there's two terms, but these in some end up giving you the total change in the number density. The collision operator tells you how the number density is affected by collisions of the dark matter particles either with itself or with standard model. So it's usually somewhat complicated looking, but at its heart that's all it's doing, it's just telling you that it's encapsulating all of the changes to the overall number density from these collisions. So let me write down what the collision operator is for the case of a standard two to two scattering process. I'm going to make the assumption that I have two initial state particles, I'm going to call them one and two in equilibrium with two final state particles, let's call them three and four. So I'm just trying to model this reaction here. So this is particle one, particle two, three and four. So what the collision term is in this case, like I said this is going to be somewhat long, but I'm going to write it out because it's quite important and then we're going to just break it down bit by bit. So I get phase space factors that tell me about the phase space of the initial and final state particles in the reaction and these phase space factors have to be multiplied by the amplitude of the scattering process. So this is the case for the forward reaction where I have particle one, particle two interacting to give me three and four in the final state and that's the amplitude for that process. And then I have also the case for the reverse interaction. So this is where three and four interact to give me one and two. This all gets multiplied by a momentum conservation delta function.  That has to be satisfied in order for energy momentum to be conserved. And then the whole thing gets multiplied by phase space factors where my notation is that d pi i is equal to d cubed pi over two pi cubed twice the energy of a given particle. So it's kind of long, but it actually ends up simplifying quite a bit, which is fortunate for us. Otherwise this would be pretty awful. But let me just make a few comments. So notice here that I have to put a one plus or minus the phase space factor. That accounts for the fact that you get if you're scattering into a fermionic particles you get a suppression and if you scatter into bosonic particles you get an enhancement. So the plus here is if you scatter into bosonic particles and the minus is if it's into fermionic. So this whole thing simplifies. If I can make the following sets of assumptions, which are all correct for our case, is that the dark matter still remains in kinetic equilibrium, which I've already argued is true for cold dark matter. That's just the statement that at the time that it falls out of chemical equilibrium this process is still allowed and still ongoing. Because this is still ongoing it means that I can write down the F's here. The phase space distributions are well quantified and they're just given by the Fermi Dirac distributions. So the fact that kinetic equilibrium is ongoing is crucial. This whole calculation would be a lot harder if we couldn't say that the F's were just given by the Fermi Dirac equations. The second assumption is that the temperature is much smaller than energy minus chemical potential. This assumption allows us to say, I'm sorry, no it actually doesn't care and here's why. Once I make this assumption here it means that I can take the F's as just being Maxwell Boltzmann so I've now simplified this even further. Now it doesn't care at all whether or not I've got fermions or bosons and so in particular that means that my factors of 1 plus or minus F here are just equal to 1. So that's nice, simplifies. And the third assumption that I make is that any particle that's from the standard model, so all of my X's, are in thermal equilibrium with the photon bath. So once I make these sets of assumptions this ends up boiling down to something that's way more manageable and actually it'll boil down to an equation that we can actually make some order of magnitude assumptions about on the board which is convenient. So let's see, I'm going to skip a few steps and I'll just tell you what we end up getting at the end of the day. All of the intermediate steps are detailed in the notes that are on the website but when everything boils down after applying those assumptions I can write the Boltzmann equation like this. So this term here is coming from the Liouville term so it's summarizing the total change in the number density. This is just the change of time and this comes from the change due to the acceleration of the universe and then on the right is the change due to the actual interactions of the particles. 1 and 2 remember are the initial state particles 3 and 4 are the final state ones. Yes, physically, well physically it means that we're dealing with a non-degenerate gas. So where the gas of particles doesn't care at all whether or not it's comprised of fermions or bosons. I can move it that way. The Fermi statistics are just not important. This combination because when I write down the, right, so the Fermi Dirac distribution has terms that are here EI minus MuI over Ti, right? So in normal order for me to be able to ignore, so all of the Fermi statistics is essentially coming from the presence of this term. This term is being treated, is different depending on whether I have boson or fermion. But if this term, well it's, sorry, it's coming from the fact that I've got 1 plus or minus, right? So if I can take this as being small, it allows me to just write this as a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. So E to the minus EI minus MuI over Ti. So by making this assumption I essentially get rid of this part here, the 1 plus or minus. Yeah? This is at, at freeze out, yes. Excellent. All right, so we have our, essentially our equation here that's describing how the number density of the dark matter evolves with time. I'm going to do some more manipulations to kind of get this to an even simpler form. So one thing that's convenient to do is to redefine, so this number density changes as, with the expansion of the universe. And so it's convenient to redefine it in terms of a new variable Y, where what I've done here is integrated out the entropy density. By doing this I essentially change this so that when I talk about Y, Y doesn't change as with the expansion of the universe. So it's just, it's a convenient redefinition of the number density. So we're going to start talking about the quantities Y rather than the quantities N. And when I do this redefinition, kind of plug everything in, I get the following. And so this is the equation that I now want to spend some time discussing the implications of. I've also made an additional redefinition of X as being mass over temperature. So there's a couple of steps going from here to here that involve just essentially redefining variables, but you can think of X as just, I mean it's essentially a time variable and Y is just the number density that comes from scaling out the change from the expansion of the universe. So I get an equation then at the end of the day when everything boils down that looks like this. This equation does not actually have an analytic solution, which is unfortunate, but you can get exact solutions just numerically, but we can get some mileage by making some assumptions and just kind of considering what happens in certain limits. So that's what I'm going to do at the board now just so that we can understand what the implications of this are. Alright, so what we get, let me just make sure that I'm, so we start off with this and make some assumptions, which is that I can expand out the cross section there as being some constant in time, this where I pull out the time debentance as X to the minus n, and that I can do the same thing with the entropy. So I can write, if I make these substitutions into the expression that I have there, I can rewrite it as, oh I'm going to, I know I'm going to get my, oh here we go, good, that way I don't get my factors confused. I have it in this form where I'm taking lambda just for simplicity to be a constant. I can integrate and get an answer, and the answer is actually very simple. So 1 over the number density of the dark matter today minus 1 over the number density at the time of freeze out is just equal to lambda over the freeze out time. The number density today is going to be a little bit smaller than the number density at freeze out, so I can approximate this even further by ignoring this piece here, and what I get then is that the number density today is approximately X F over lambda. Now let's take stock of what we've done. So we're starting off by writing down the Boltzmann equation to describe this inelastic process here, so that we can see what happens to the number density of the dark matter after freeze out. The Boltzmann equation essentially encodes all of the dynamics of that process. We simplified it down, solved it out, and what we get is an estimate of the dark matter number density today assuming, this assumes again, this is important, this is assuming that the dark matter was in thermal equilibrium in the early universe, so that this process was actually in equilibrium in the early universe. I can turn this into numbers that we all understand because at this stage it looks like symbols and what does it actually mean. I can write down the number density of the dark matter is the mass times the entropy today times y today divided by the critical density, and if I substitute in all the appropriate numbers, I find that the number density today is roughly the following, and this is essentially the main point of this lecture, written out right here. So by solving the Boltzmann equation and evolving the number density of the dark matter with time, we can get a prediction for what its density should be today, which I've written out here in terms of the annihilation cross section for the dark matter, and to get from this to this, I've just made the assumption that the annihilation cross section scales as the coupling squared over the mass of the dark matter squared, and then I've just written it suggestively here in terms of the alphas and the m chi's. What are the important numbers? Well, we know what this is from measurements of CMB measurements, so W map and Planck give us this number. The number that we get from W map and Planck is that omega chi h squared is roughly 0.1. Let me get you all of the numbers. Do I have it written down here? Oh, I don't have it written down. Well, it's roughly 0.1. Put it till that because it doesn't include the error bars, but it's roughly 0.1. So this is coming from Planck and W map measurements. And if we look here at how I've suggestively written this out, we see that we can get the right number density today if we make the assumption that the coupling is 0.01, which is weak scale, and that the mass is approximately 100 GV, again weak scale mass. The fact that making the assumption that the dark matter is weak scale, the fact that that ends up giving us the correct abundance as measured by Planck and W map is what sometimes referred to as the WIMP miracle. The WIMP means weakly interacting massive particle, and the fact that it gives us the right abundance is called a miracle. And I'm stressing up how important this has been because it's been a dominant paradigm for dark matter for like the last 20 or 30 years. It's essentially said if you're going to say I'm going to start looking under the lamppost for dark matter, the lamppost has been set by the WIMP miracle. So most, the vast majority of the experiments searching for dark matter assume that it is weak scale with these sets of couplings and this mass. Really dominated by the fact that you sort of vary, you very naturally end up getting the dark matter density when you make this assumption. Now, the question I want to address in the last few minutes is just how much of a miracle is this? I mean the numbers work out, so that's great. But is it really that special? The answer is no. Actually getting constrained here is the ratio of alpha squared and m chi squared. So, I can technically change this ratio around and so long as I change it consistently, still end up getting the correct dark matter abundance prediction. So, when we say the miracle, we've essentially just taken one particular slice where things tend to work, but I can really just change this however I want and I can still end up getting the right abundance. And it turns out that there's actually a variety of models where you can get the right thermal relic and not have weak scale dark matter. So, I'll list a couple of these here just for completeness, but one class is called WIMP List Dark Matter. And so, these types of models, you vary alpha squared, the ratio of alpha squared to m chi squared such that you still get the correct abundance. And you can take the mass of the dark matter to be really light or really heavy so long as everything is self consistent. There's a very broad class of scenarios called Forbidden Dark Matter that gives you, can give you thermal relics with masses down to KEV. And so, for these kinds of scenarios, you get everything you get here for the WIMP miracle except a very different mass. There's another scenario called SIMPS or Strongly Interacting Massive Particles. You assume that instead of the interactions being two to two, which is what we've done here because we've always been looking at two dark matter coming in and two standard model coming out. And for these cases, you assume that the interactions are three to two, so three dark matter coming in. And if you make this change, then you can end up getting MEV scale dark matter, that's thermal, but strongly interacting. So, it gives very different sets of observables than what you would expect for the weekly interacting picture. The examples here are just three variations that I've made on the thermal relic calculation. And in each of these cases, I make a change and I can still end up nailing the correct observation as seen by Planck and WMAP, but the dark matter mass is no longer 100 GB and no longer is that weekly interacting. So, one thing to keep in mind is that despite the fact that most of the conversation these days around dark matter sort of centers around this WIMP scenario, you don't have to do much to change the picture and still end up getting the, you know, an abundance for dark matter that's consistent with what we actually observe. So again, this is something to, you know, that is becoming very important right now as we, as experiments for WIMPs continuing and get really good sensitivity and with no observations, then we really start thinking very carefully about these alternative scenarios. So, when we come back after lunch, that's what I want to show. We're going to discuss how we've actually looked for WIMPs and what the results are and then discuss some of the implications of that for our interpretations of the models. All right. So, enjoy lunch and see you afterwards.


Hey friends tonight, we are checking in to the cabins at Disney's Fort Wilderness I am so excited to stay here And I can't wait to show you around and give you the full cabin tour This resort has so many amenities and we're gonna try to use all of them So I figured we come on out do some fishing sit around a campfire and have a beautiful Fort Wilderness kind of day Anyhoo, let's go do this And the best thing about staying at the cabins at Fort Wilderness is this little beauty is gonna be staying with me Because they're pet friendly. Look at that me and Gracie are gonna have a Disney resort staycation together I'm so excited. You excited when you stay at a pet friendly Disney resort You have to pay an additional pet fee the one for here at the cabins is $50 and it costs just around $400 to $500 for the cabin per night depending on the season and now we're gonna give you the grand tour I'll show you the inside of the cabin and then we're gonna head out and explore around the resort a little bit This is the inside of my cabin and look at Gracie just chill it on the couch over there This is the living room. I'll give you a full tour and show you guys around but it's so beautiful I love it. It's very cozy in here. The ceilings are very high and I like it a lot Sadly from what I heard they are doing refurbishments on these cabins And they are gonna be switching them out to an updated cabin that kind of looks more or less like glamping I kind of like this So let me know in the comments if you would want them to keep these style cabins once I get done with the tour But yeah, I'll show you around a little bit Facing this way you can see the have a full kitchen and it's got a microwave or fridge a stove a dishwasher And it comes with mason jars and everything in there So it's really nifty and then you go back that way and it takes you to the bedroom But one of the things I love is all the light fixtures in here like all the light fixtures have little animals on them You can see like these ones right here. They have bears And some trees it's very nice and then over here these light fixtures have little mousses well big mousses Look at that. Isn't that so nice We are all settled in already so the room is not in like tip-top shape But the one thing I did notice was there wasn't a lot of outlet spaces In fact, I have like my computer set up at the dining room table and there's no outlets near the dining room table So that makes it a little difficult. Maybe that's like one of the things they want to refurbish and try to make it more modernized, you know You can sleep a lot of people in here because the couch actually pulls out into a bed and it has two doors You have this one door that goes out to the deck and then down the hallway You have the master bedroom that has a separate door. I'll show you later on and here is the bathroom itself I like the bathroom. It's very nice I like all the wood and it's really cool because when you're on the toilet you can actually look out the window here and It's just like the wilderness the window the the window actually opens up, but look it out there. Isn't that so cool? I like it a lot and then here is the bathtub. They've got the H2O products all locked up And it's just like a regular tub. It's not like one of the walk-in ones But yeah, the bathroom is pretty nice Help us help the wilderness. They got little signs posted in here, too As I was walking around the bathroom I looked in the mirror and I kind of realized I'm wearing the perfect shirt for today Like look at this. It looks like honestly a cast member shirt It's a Roosevelt's Roper and I like these styles of shirts. You got the buffaloes on the shoulders I think they look very fancy Going back past the kitchen you have your main bedroom and it looks like they've got a queen-sized bed And then they've got bunk beds. Oh and look who's here? Is that you called dibs on that one? There's Gracie girl. I'm so excited to be staying here with her look at her She's just making herself at home right there. Wow, but yeah, you have bunk beds. You got a queen-sized bed You got a little TV here. They've got a vanity area. It looks like with the mirror over here I got our book bags over here and then a little wall safe area right here I love how the bunk beds look like they're hand-carved and also all the light fixtures in here in the room itself I love the curtains. This is a very cozy room But I do have to say having the bunk beds and the bed together makes it a little tight Like you can only you only have a certain amount of walking space, you know At least there's plenty of space underneath the bed Especially if you need an extra sleeping spot or some extra luggage space tons of room under the bed When you check in with your pet Disney gives you this nice little doggie bag And it's got Pluto on it and you get a watering dish and you get a poopy bag holder and Even a little Disney pets tag. Look at that. Isn't that cute? I'm gonna keep this on her because I think that's awesome We also rented a golf cart and it was $67 for the whole entire day and I would highly suggest doing this you might need to get a reservation They do sell them here like they do rent them out here But they sell out but this resort is so big and you can't drive your car around Like there's no parking spots to go to any of the spots around here So you either need to take the bus or a golf cart and trust me the golf cart comes in handy This is so nice though. You can just hang out on the deck Gracie is loving it and I'm pretty sure that these cabins are specifically for like pet friendly accommodating because Every one of my my neighbors all has dogs and they're all like looking at each other Gracie's loving it and they even have a dog Park will actually take you to the dog park too soon We have a little tiny picnic table on the deck itself, and I made some coffee and I'm just sitting out here me and Gracie She's underneath the table right there. What are you doing? Just hanging out enjoying Fort Wilderness. I love it here.  What do you think? You like it here. You want to stay?  Yeah We're gonna have some friends coming by and visiting us and then also we have some other friends that are staying here in Cabins as well So it's kind of like a Fort Wilderness party and you know a lot of people do that like some people like where you can Camp here like you can bring your RV and stuff like that some people stay here for like a month Like they literally go all out. I could spend I could probably spend a month here either in an RV or in one of these cabins My friend Sean is here with me to hanging out. I'm sure we'll have some other friends come by It's a nice spot, and I kind of want to just hang out. Maybe go to the campfire later on Yeah, they got the Chip and Dale singalong at the campfire here. We're gonna have fun. I'm excited Wild in the wilderness. Yep, and now we're gonna go Club car in our golf carting Just a bunch of cowboys driving around in a golf cart at Fort Wilderness About to go see some horses and do some fishing Frontier land it is here that we experienced the story of our country's past The color romance and drama of frontier America as it developed from wilderness trails to roads riverboats railroads and civilization Attribute to the faith courage and ingenuity of our hearty pioneers who blaze the trails and made this progress possible We've made our way up to the tricycle D ranch This is where they keep all of the Disney horses In fact, they even have the headless horseman's horse here the one that you see during Mickey's not so scary Halloween party So I'm excited. Maybe we'll actually see them and I'll be able to point them out But yeah, this is just the first stop. We want to try to get everything done Like I mentioned it closes at 5 p.m. So that's why we wanted to come here first and this is Semi-newish like this is a new barn that they have and during the Halloween season Sometimes they actually played the headless horseman in here.  Isn't that cool? Right here is Grady. Look at Grady. Hi Grady. Oh Hello, and then over here is Skyler Skyler is a Clinesdale. Hi Skyler That is so awesome. You're so beautiful. Wow It is completely free to come visit the tricycle D ranch The only thing is is you can't park here so you have to park kind of where the check-in is and take the bus up to the settlement and They also have like pony rides. You can do horse riding that costs an additional price But it's free to just come see the horses and I like that Right here is Zilly and Zilly happens to be the headless horseman's horse. Look at that And this is Leo. Hi Leo. Oh Is that like a little stamp? Well, I'm happy that we got to go see the horses I thought they were really cool and maybe later on we might do a carriage ride But we made our way back to the cabin I want to take Gracie for a little walk around the loop and then also over to the dog park to show you guys How awesome that dog park is and then we're gonna go fishing we're gonna go fishing here at Fort Wilderness Gracie is just hanging out on the deck there and we're just Settin and making pinecone mickeys Pinecone mickeys I think it's really good. I am impressed I think you did a fine mickey there I don't know though. When do you look at it from this angle? It's like the start of the olympic rings without the other two Gracie loves chasing the little lizard And sometimes snakes if she sees them, but look at how nice this is right behind my cabin. I love this Like I was kind of worried that the cabins were too close together, but there is so much space I want to take Gracie around and show her around the resort a little bit But I don't want to bring her around a lot of people. She's still very skittish. She's a very skittish dog I mean, she doesn't act that way because she's with me But you know being a Dalmatian and being in disney it draws a lot of attention So a lot of kids want to run up to her and pet her and she's cool with you know People petting or and stuff like that, but I don't want to put her in the situation where it gets overwhelming You know what I mean? I definitely wanted to take her up to show her the horses But since pioneer hall is probably too busy or the tricycle d ranch I brought her to the front of the park where the horses are just hanging out here She's been around horses before Gracie used to run around a farm with cows and everything Wait a second. You don't look like a horse.   Come on. You want to go inside now? You ready to go play? Go chris go Look at that. Oh, I guess she really had to go I like to play this game where Gracie where I tell her to go stand in the farthest point away from one side of the dog park and then I go to the other side And then I kneel down and tell her to come and then she comes running to me And it's so awesome. We do it at literally every dog dog park, but this one's a little bit larger So I don't know if she's gonna see me from that far away This ain't like the dog parks back home I'll tell you what I find it hard to believe that everybody cleans up after their dog But there is nothing in here. It is so well maintained I have a feeling that uh custodial actually comes by That's the only reason I can come to I mean It's the only way I can like if you just look look at how large this dog park is And there is not any like poop left behind or anything like that. So custodial definitely has to be in here Gracie really loves this tree She does I couldn't even make it all the way over here. She started running behind me. She's like, where you going? All right, you stay here. I'll go on the other side then. All right Who's a happy puppy? Who's the happy puppy? Huh? Where is she that smile?  What's this? What's this? Hold on Oh, I got something of yours. You want it, huh? Oh, yeah, get some of that water Well, Gracie has officially tapped out She gets too hot when she's running around the dog park the way she does Especially in this floor to heat and all she wants to do is lay underneath her dreaming tray So I'm gonna take her back to the cabin and then we're gonna head and we're gonna go fishing. We'll go fishing We got some deer on the road up here Look at this. Wow They're just hanging out Bunch of deer right in the woods. Oh boy coming in hot We've made our way over to Chippendales campfire singalong This is a little theater area where they have uh smores and fires and then Chippendale come out and they do a little singalong It's really nice and it's later on tonight. So we're gonna try to be back for this definitely It's really awesome and it's a good time. It gets very crowded. They also do the uh movie under the stars So I think tonight's movie under the star is a bug's life. Well fancy All around the resort they have little settlements that have different activities and places you can get something to eat And uh, this one right here is where you can rent the fishing pools to go fishing They also have boat rentals and kayak rentals. You could do almost anything here Here are the prices for all the rentals you have the kayaks are $13 for 60 minutes Canoes at $13 for 60 minutes too if you want to get a fishing rod, uh, it is uh, $16 for the whole day Or $10 for 30 minutes, but at that point you might as well just get it for the whole day And that's where I did got it for the whole entire day. They don't have any bait though That's the only thing Here is a little bit of a map so I can show you guys how massive this resort actually is This is where you have to check in down here And I think we are staying like right here. Yeah, we're staying right in this little loop there And this is all of the resort and it's a mixture between rvs campsites This is the bark, uh, the bike barn and the campfire singalong Here is a fishing spot. We're gonna go to and then here is the settlement like where pioneer hall hooptie do is And where you can catch the boat over to magic kingdom. So it is pretty massive. That's why you want to get that, uh, electric, uh, golf cart There's a couple of things on there that aren't mentioned that you can do here that I think is pretty awesome Like you can rent a segway and go on a segway tour here. They have archery lessons Like I said horseback riding and even carriage rides the carriage rides are up near pioneer hall We'll check that out later that whole entire area is kind of under refurbishment But uh, yeah, I just wanted to point it out right now. I just want to go want to go get some fishing now that I got my pole Nicky tees here. He's joining up on the fishing having caught anything. Have you Yeah, I used to be a boat past fisherman in my last life Did you say a boat? A boat past fisherman pro best. Oh pro bass fisherman. Oh, okay. Oh, all right This is so awesome guys. I'm gonna be fishing on bay lake right now Look at that. This is bay lake right here. Holy moly just on the other side of this tree is the magic kingdom You can see the contemporary and also there's a random house back there or it's a barn That's really really awesome. It's kind of creepy. I wish I can go over there, but there's no way And I think that right there is a bat house. I think they built that for the bats It is getting super hot out here and nothing is biting. I don't have any real bait though So I would rather real bait. I was digging around. I tried to see if I could find any in the ground I only got one and I lost it, but uh, yeah, nothing's biting, but it's very peaceful out here I'm having a good time really relaxing and enjoying but I'm gonna have to call it quits soon if I don't get nothing. It's been here about an hour Haven't bitten anything haven't I haven't been anything. Nothing has bitten me I did accidentally drop my hat in the water. So I had to fish it out. I can't believe I caught it though. Holy moly at least I caught something I put my hat in the front of the golf cart to help it dry off I'm just driving around listening to the Guardians of the Galaxy soundtrack now I just love these little golf carts. It's like my favorite thing about this day. Ooh coming in hot Since we gave up on fishing I made my way up to Pioneer Hall because I wanted to see about some food options And everything's closed as you guys know trails end they got rid of but pj's quick services actually under refurbishment They're only doing Mobile orders and even Crockett's tavern is closed. Look at it. It's all gone But they do have a lot of food trucks, but I'm torn. Do I eat at a food truck or do I? You know go buy stuff and cook out on my grill because I got a grill at my cabin Hopefully we're going to be able to make it to Chippendales sing along their campfire sing along as long as there's no rain They won't cancel it and they have s'mores over there And I think they also have a food truck, but uh, yeah, I got to figure out what we're doing for din din Me and Gracie are probably starving I noticed that they're starting the wagon rides and it's only 12 dollars and it's a 25 minute ride around The fort and I'm definitely doing it and guess who is going to be taking us around it's zilly And I think grady zilly was actually the horse uh the headless horseman's horse And now we're get to they they're gonna actually take us around for a little ride. I'm so excited.  Holy moly Lots of room in here.  It's been amazing I love it here just being able to hang out with Gracie and just be so close to her inside of a disney resort I feel like we should start doing uh like all pet friendly resorts You know what I mean? I want to take Gracie around to all of them. I want to bring her to the yacht club I want to take her to auto animation and then what's the other one? Oh porter leans. It'll be so fun All right, here we go this is already becoming a such a great decision very relaxing We're actually going off-roading where uh, no, uh golf carts can go only the horses We're driving past that bat house again And I asked them if it was a bat house and they said yes, and there's 2,500 bats in there Isn't that impressive? Thank you so much for the ride That was very nice Well, that horse carriage was great But now we want to keep moving along so we can get what we wanted to get done tonight And we're gonna start making our way to chippendales campfire sing-along and maybe uh eat some s'mores Presented by off Make sure you guys wear it because there are lots of uh mosquitoes definitely uh have been getting bitten up But look how beautiful this is wow the fire is going the sunset This is nice The chippendale campfire sing-along doesn't start till 8 p.m But at 7 o'clock they light the fires and they start selling s'mores kits and you can come and you can uh, You know make uh s'mores, but they used to provide you the marshmallows But I don't think they do that anymore. So they have a little food truck and I think we have to go buy like marshmallows or a kit We ended up getting a s'mores kit. It was $10 for the s'mores kit and then 50 cents per stick And uh, we got two sticks only because Sean doesn't want Sean doesn't want to roast marshmallows Sean doesn't want s'more. I'm here for the moral support. You're here for the s'moral support There we go I'm double marshmallowing yet double marshmallowing yet. I like my marshmallows to burn Just a just a little bit nice and slow gotta get Snapping at me The perfect marshmallow look at that. It's actually got a little little crisp to it there. You pull out very nice I'm gonna add the chocolate. Oh no It's already melted look at my hands I'm gonna fold it over You don't want to squish it too much just a little bit There we go And uh, that's a s'more It's really awesome just being able to sit out here and watch the sunset Making s'mores. It's really this is a good night. And hopefully the sing-along starts up soon Can't wait to see chip and dale all running around singing along. What are they doing back here? Almost black chocolate chip looking nose. That's a little trick you can use remember which one is which is that the chocolate chip Nose and so that's chip. Dale's nose is big Reddish and brownish we call it the meatball.  He looks sleepy See, what did you boys do today? Fishin. Did any of you guys catch anything? Without further ado it's chip and dale Thank you boys While they get back there i'll start where we're going to start The other night The campfire sing-along is a lot of fun And so many people are just singing along and actually having a good time I kind of don't want to leave but at the same time I need to get something to eat because if we stay here Then everything's going to close down And also I want to see maybe there might be a slight chance that we can get the hooty-do review For their last showing of the night, which that would be amazing.  She she just likes to be where I'm at. Oh and also When you're a pet room you have to have this on it all times when they're in there So the housekeeping doesn't come in I could have brought gracey to like the campfire sing-along and up near all the settlements and pioneer hall But she doesn't do well in the crowd. She gets really scared and skittish So I don't want to put that anxiety on her. You know what I mean? She's just cool chilling out here and hanging out on the deck with me because I mean that's what I like too Well, it looks like we are in luck. There was a last minute cancellation for the hooty-do review I just walked up and said hey, is there any cancellations and they said yeah And uh, I'm allowed to go to the 830 showing. I can't even believe it. This is going to be so awesome This isn't all you can eat home style like like buffet like it's awesome It's a well it's family style, but it's a musical review So it's a dinner show and you get fried chicken you get ribs you get everything and this is amazing I'm so excited. We got very lucky It looks like we are in locked. I'm at a two-seater table in the corner I don't even know they had this and uh, yeah Yeah, we've got most of the food here already and I can't wait for the show to start First starters, we've got coleslaw cornbread. This cornbread is so good And then also a side salad and everything comes out to the table So they'll bring over a big big gigantic platters, but I am excited. I can't wait for the cornbread I'm pretty far tucked away from the stage itself And I don't know if you guys know this but when you come here You actually have to pay a premium to sit in like the closest to the stage It costs more money the closer you get to the stage actually and I'm not sure what this one would be because I'm I think the farthest away from the stage I've really the guy. Yeah. So this might be just maybe just the two top in the back. I guess Included with the food you can get all you care to enjoy but light or Yingling or they have Sangria, Sangiri, Sangiri they have Sangria and I also think Chardonnay So that's actually really I mean not too many places offer that And they serve it all in mason jars. So I ended up getting a bud light and a sprite a sprite bud light I think that's better Now I won't get cornbread crumbs all over my shirt You don't want to get cornbread crumbs on my rope or you know The dinner bell has been wrong We've got fried chicken. We've got ribs We've got baked beans. We've got cornbread macaroni and cheese and mashed potatoes Holy moly. That's a lot of food Holy moly I gotta admit this fried chicken is amazing. It is so good Holy moly I like it a lot. I always like going for either the thigh or the drumstick first. That's my go-to I know a lot of people have different ones. I'd say I'm a drumstick guy The ribs are okay, but I'm telling you it's the fried chicken is where it's at And I also love the mashed potatoes.  I don't know. I'm going more chicken I'm so excited for this look at this I'm excited to come help with the grand finale of our show. Oh, no way really? Yeah, why not? All right, you want to come? Yeah Wait Okay Oh my lord, no I'm gonna rock this dog I don't even know how to begin to recap what just happened, but that was so awesome number one the food was amazing Number two, I got called up on stage And I know a couple of my friends who happened to be in the audience recorded it for me So hopefully I'm gonna be able to put the video in here But I've never done anything like that. That was awesome I've always wanted to too like I never heard like I've done this show before and I'm always low-key like man I wish that was me and it was today and I was so happy. It was so great. Wow. What what what an amazing day so far I'm having the best time ever And look at that. I even got my very own certificate. That is that was so awesome. That was amazing. Wow Is this really an ice cream truck right now? Oh, wow And we are back in the cabin back with Gracie girl. What are you in here? You watching new resort tv?  Yeah, you want to go hang out outside? You want to go for a walk? Let's go for a walk. Come on And with that we are done here tonight I can honestly say this has been one of my best and most favorite little staycation I've ever been to at disney like this has been absolutely amazing I've had so much fun and I kind of just want to come back and do it again I know I live I literally live 10 minutes from here But just being out in the woods, you know camp out. I would love to actually even come rent a tent That would be amazing too, but like just being here. It's just so much fun So I really hope you enjoyed the video because I really enjoyed making it and uh, we'll see you next time Bye Gracie says good night as well and thank you for watching