Hey guys, welcome to the Comic-En podcast. We're all geek culture collide. We're your hosts, I'm Shannon. I'm John Wise. And this week, we got some news for you. It's supposed to be news in a flash. Yeah. It's not very fast. No, no. But it's kind of cool because flashing, you know, comic books, you might as well just call this news in an Aquaman or whatever. Rod is lame. Aquaman's becoming cooler.  All right, so the X-Men movies and the TV shows won't be linked, no shared universe. Lauren Shuler Donner confirmed Legion and the X-Men movies won't be connected. Now, are you related to Richard Donner? I don't know. I don't know. What did you wait? What did you call her? Lauren Shuler Donner. OK, I didn't hear you pronounce Lauren correctly. I was going to give you a shout about it. Got me a little copy of the Wolverine. That's good. Yeah, it was good. I think I might like for Wolverine 8th or the 8th minute rather than that one. Really? For those wondering, this is Gary. He's a writer and a customer. So you might chime in here and there. What do you think about that? What do I think? I think of everything else everybody thinks. Marvel needs to get the X-Men movies back. Why would you not want to try to connect that to your X-Men franchise? The reasoning behind it, I guess, was because there's going to be a lot of messing with the timeline on the Legion show. And so they didn't want to have to worry about messing things up for X-Men. Wait, why is there time messing? That's not one of his abilities, is it? Well, besides the whole age of apocalypse thing. Oh, he did go back into it. OK, all right. I guess it is not the psychic, the psychotic abilities. All right, I guess that makes sense. I didn't hear the reasoning behind it. All right, so I guess it makes sense. I am looking forward to this series, though. He's not a character you would normally sympathize with. He's always been a psychotic villain. He's schizophrenic. Each schizophrenic character has a different power, which is very much in line as what's your name's power from heroes. Yeah. So. Also, the Gotham season finale will be teasing Harley Quinn. Yay. I like Gotham for the most part. They're really going the smallville route. Yeah, they went, I think they had a plan. And it just kind of spiraled out of control. I am happy they started bringing Jerome back in the last nice episode, which was very lackluster, in my opinion.  And I was even watching wrestling and going back. Well, I'll watch it. See, I was busy working on videos, trying to get a subscriber. And what's part of your videos? What's part of your videos? Reviews. See, the thing is, I think you didn't watch Lucifer last time. Oh, Lucifer was on. Oh, Lucifer, yeah. You missed Lucifer. I didn't watch it. Well, I could catch him on demand tonight, though. Yeah, I'm going to go back and re-watch Gotham. That's the good thing about having on-demand services. But I wasn't really impressed with the episode. So I mean, the cool thing, there were a few cool things. They did hint at the Cult of Jerome.  So Eddie Thawne, where we turn to season three of Flash. I don't think it's specified who's going to be a villain or not. Since the timeline did get kind of messed up, I'm wondering. Kind of?  I was trying not to say that. Oh, you want to know, suddenly, you want to keep this a family-friend-like series. News in the Flash, not going to happen. Superman is set to debut as a more classic-looking costume. They won't be returning the trunks, but they will be returning the red boots. Right, and the cuffs. Yeah, and they're removing the cuffs. So that's going to be in Superman number 20 and action comics number 977. Star Wars will not bring back Carrie Fisher's land with CGI. We pointed this out last week. I'm good either way. It's this more challenging story arc for them. It will be disappointing to future fans who don't really know, who aren't really aware of her dying right now, you know, they'll be. Now, I apologize if I get her name wrong. But the girl who played Eleven in Stranger Things isn't her name Jackie Brown. I'm not sure. I think her name is Jackie. I could be wrong. I know her last name's Brown. She is fighting to play a young Princess Leia in one of these side story arcs, like Han Solo or Boba Finn. That would be interesting. If you look at her and you look at younger pictures of Carrie Fisher, they look so much alike. See, I think she looks a lot like the lady from the 90s version of Miracle on 34th Street, the mother. I think she also played on Independence Day. She was a redhead. She looked like they could be mother and daughter. I don't know. I think she looked a lot like young Carrie Fisher. We have some sad news. Yeah, sad news in the wrestling world. We lost a Hall of Fame. Whoa, there we go. Sorry. What are you doing to my computer, man? Touch it. Some sad news. We lost a legendary Hall of Famer in the wrestling world a few days ago this weekend and Jimmy Superfly snuck out. But we've got some good news, too. Betty White is still kicking. But Betty White just celebrated her birthday at age 97? I think so. 94, 97 somewhere around there. She's still alive. She just celebrated her birthday. So happy birthday to Betty White. And it was just announced last night, made official. Kurt Engel will be inducted into the Hall of Fame this year. It's also speculated that Undertaker will be the headliner for the Hall of Fame. I'm thinking I'm going to wait till next year now that they put Engel in there. I think Engel is going to be the headliner. But there's also rumor that Ravishing Rick Rude. Those are all confirmed. No, they're not yet. Not yet. Rick Rude, Erwin R. Scheisser also knows Michael Tunda, The Natural Disasters. I feel like I'm missing some here. It's speculated that. And this is kind of big and uproar in the wrestling world. Beth Phoenix is rumored. Really? Yes. Before Miss Elizabeth, before IEV, Molly Holly, China, before, you know, Bol Necano, before any of them, they're going to try. Rumor is they're going to Beth Phoenix. Not taking anything away from Beth Phoenix. She was a great, she was one of the few great female wrestlers that they had at the time. But she's, I think she's just going to put her in her because of who her husband is. Who's her husband? Edge. Oh, OK. Oh, Christian was another one. Christian was another rumor. So as soon as I get my wrestling podcast, The Pit Going, I'll be going more over wrestling, saving the wrestling news for that. Also, a few people have been confirmed for Avengers Infinity War. Nebula will be returning. Spider-Man. Benedict Cumberbatch will be using a stand-in until they can do reshoots. Right. Because of the scheduling with Sherlock, which I did finally finish the series. I just haven't watched that Christmas episode yet. Oh, you've got to watch that Christmas episode. That's a brilliant spot. I like the route. They're going with Moriarty. It's probably the best. I think it's the best episode they've done in Sherlock. And I love that entire series. Here's one I just found out today from this guy. Go ahead. Jeff Bridges may be playing Darkseid. Not Darkseid.  You illiterate comic book morons. Thank you for insulting our audience. I'm sure they appreciate that. I'm sorry. That's one of my pet peeves.  Well, if they would have spelt it right away, instead of leaving it open for interpretation. Well, that just proves you're not a true geek. If you're calling him Darkseid. There have been multiple cartoons that have called him both, though. I've never heard. I've heard a couple of times. In the original, Superpowers, Galactic Guardian as Darkseid. In Superman the Animated Series, Darkseid. In Justice League Unlimited, Darkseid. I swear I have a cage here. Somebody say Darkseid. But no, it is Darkseid. Even the toy collector on Discovery Channel or whatever calls him Darkseid. This is a guy whose job it is to find toys. Aliens. Sorry. So this past Friday the world finally got its Nintendo geek on with the reveal of the Nintendo Switch. For those who've missed it, the Nintendo Switch is the next system after that we use that Nintendo's bringing out. It's a three-way system. You can play it on your TV. Oh, a three-way? It's a three-way. Play it on your TV. You can take it off the charger and use it as a handheld. Or you can put it on your table and play it on your table. It's retailing for $299.99, so $300. It's pretty cool that they showed off the controllers, which the controllers look and sound amazing. Apparently you're going to be able to hold a controller. And if there's a game that pours icing, you're going to be able to tell how many pieces of ice there in the glass, the liquid. It's got all this weird, awesome technology. Let's say that's an actual game. I'm just saying that's an example that they use. The games they got for this day in the area is 80 games in production. They've got some pretty cool launch titles. They've got Zelda, of course, is the big one that they're bringing out. Zelda, Breath of the Wild. And then the next day, of course, all the reservations sold out, because that was when you were going to be able to reserve it. I got my reservation. I was ninth person in line at our local GameStop. And there was a special edition master set of that Zelda game, where it came with a case and a statue of the Master Sword and a coin and all these others, cool stuff.   So I got the standard edition game. I'm really looking for those. They've now sold all these different games, all these different third party. They actually, that was a big complaint with the Wii U. We didn't have that third party companies making games. They have a slew a huge amount of third party case and port they're having to have a version for the switch of Skyrim, which I might actually go ahead and grab. See, I even have it on 360. I had Skyrim on PS3. I couldn't really get into it.  I liked it, I liked it, all right. Yeah, it's cool for open world gameplay and everything, but just so slow. It takes forever to get from one town to the next. There's no fast travel options. I like that simple fact, it's realistic. Yeah. I like the realistic. As realistic as you can get with freaking dragons in the game. They got David Daniels Splatoon 2, which I haven't played the first Splatoon. But the excitement of the second one has gotten me kind of wanting to play it. They announced Mario Kart 8 Deluxe. So a lot of people are upset because a lot of the themes they're bringing out are already available on other, you know, like the Wii U or other systems. But Super Mario 8 Deluxe, they added extra characters. And they added a battle mode to this, which I guess the previous one didn't have a battle mode. And they added all these different tracks for the battle mode. I haven't played Mario Kart. I have Mario Kart 64. 64. 64. There was the last one. But it looks cool. It's great. I might actually pick it up. I'm seeing myself doing what I didn't do with the Wii U, which was, A, get excited. And B, oh, this game's coming out soon. I think I might want that. This game's going to be Wii U didn't have that. Another awesome game that's coming out in the holiday area here is the Super Mario Odyssey. And Super Mario Odyssey is going to be, one of the levels is more, he looks like he's in the real world. He's in, I guess, Donkey Topia. But this looks like New York City. OK. And then there's other worlds where it looks more Mario-esque. It looks really cool.  He has his hat. There's something with his hat where he can use it as a weapon. And if he throws it out in the middle, he can step on his hat to get to another platform. So what's that villain's name from 007? Odd job. Odd job. So Mario's becoming Odd job. Yeah. The game looks pretty cool, though. You can tell what they were showing wasn't finished. That's why it's coming out during the holidays. Plus a lot of the games like Splatoon, or Splatoon 2 isn't that's not coming out till the summer. Mario's coming alive. A lot of people are upset about that. I understand because they put everything out at launch. What are they going to bring out during the summer? What are they going to bring out during the holidays? So I'm thinking once I get some time for a break, because I've been just kicking it into turbo while cranking out these videos. Oh, this is what I used to do all the time. Just having them backed up so that whenever my work season starts, I have some saved up, so I don't have to. Well, like we're going to do some reviews. We're going to be doing filming, anyway, some more human stuff. I'm going to be filming some more sawler stuff next week when we come back and film. I'm probably going to end up doing a couple of play sets. I want to do the ad act from the Rogue One. Right. I want to do that because that's just a really awesome freaking vehicle. We need to come up with a specialty review. Like Pixel Dan reviews Ninja Turtles and He-Man figures. He does other stuff, but that's his specialty. And then Shardimus Prime's specialty is the Transformers figures. I haven't heard of Shardimus Prime.  Again, he's been somebody I've kind of watched and got some techniques down from him, not trying to steal from him. But I do occasionally find myself going, hey, guys, or it's comparison time. I do find myself occasionally doing that. I kind of try to, I don't want to be like, oh my god, I just stole from him. He's going to be pissed. Since you talked to him on Facebook, I have a few times, yeah. You really need to ask him if he would want to come on the show sometime.  The worst it can say is no. I mean, it's not like he lives super far away.  I don't think he would. No, no. Joe, he used to be a wrestler. Really? Yes. I did not. He posted a picture of himself. He was a wrestler. Actually, he wrestled with a guy I used to work with at Stratus Food called Truck Taylor. Truck Taylor. TRUC Taylor. Cool dude, by the way. But yeah, I blew my mind. I didn't know it was Pixel Day. Yeah, I wondered if that was his name. Pixel Day. Ladies and gentlemen from Illinois, Pixel Day. I don't think that would strike fear into the hearts of anyone. Sorry, Dan. And I definitely plan on giving him a shout out. So in Hela, we kind of name dropped in our podcast. Positively, we're made fun of your wrestling thing. But positive, I thought it was cool. The garbage is over here. I thought it was pretty cool to find out that he did that. And another thing I liked about Dan is he's always, he's always willing to talk to his fans. You know, he'll comment. So he's a pretty cool guy. He has Facebook Dan Yardley. Or you can look up Pixel Dan. I think it's changed to Pixel Dan recently. So look those up on Facebook. He's always posting reviews. He just posted some mad ball reviews for the new Mad Ball series coming out. I haven't watched it yet. And if you're interested, he also posted a review of like legendary Voltron figure. He has all five lines. He goes over those. So check those out. But yeah, we need to come up with a specialty toy line to review that hardly anyone else is reviewing. Because like I said, Shardimus Prime is doing Transformers. Pixel Dan does He-Man and Ninja Turtles specialty. We've done a lot of He-Man Ninja Turtles. Again, not trying to steal from anybody, but it just happens that, you know, I mean, this is a great, you know, series to review. Yeah, great toy line. Gets a lot of views. It was my favorite as a kid. And I like to share that, you know. Yeah. So I'm actually looking at the vintage He-Man and the Skeletor right now with Battle Cat and Panthor. And this is how I put him on display. I always have He-Man displayed with his axe in his hand. I prefer the more mini comic version of He-Man than the Elderly Animated Series. Obviously, I grew up with it. But I always found, you know, the fact that him and Skeletor having to fight to find the two halves of the Power Sword, and Tricasso Grie is about to always have that made for an awesome story. And that's something we never got in the animated series. In any of the animated series, so maybe I'll bring that in sometime, too. I got the actual Dark Horse mini, the book that has all the mini comics in it. Nice. And that's a team of it. It has He-Man, She-Ra, New Adventures, Class Hicks. Yeah. Very nice.  Anything else you want to talk about before we go on to toy reviews, John? I was up all night peeing. Lost a lot of weight, probably. Waterweight. Yeah. Did you drink a lot of tea? I drank a lot of milk. Just bought it. Normally I'd be coming out of the other side. I bought a gallon of milk last night at around midnight. I brought it home. By the time I went to bed, it was over half gone. Save your money. Go buy the cow. Yeah. So we'll be back, guys. Yep. All right, guys, we're back. We finished filming and everything, finished recording the podcast. I was talking to my wife on the phone. John was looking at his phone.  So I'm on Facebook. And I got comicbookmovie.com as one of my likes on there. So they're constantly posting stuff.  Hugh Jackman would also post a picture with all three of them in the same room together, kind of like smiling and laughing together. I haven't heard of anything as far as Pierce Bronson being casted in the Deadpool 2 movie. There were rumors or almost confirmation that Hugh Jackman may appear in the Deadpool 2 movie. Could Pierce Bronson be our cable? Because I know Ryan Reynolds wanted to go older with that role. Which I would be OK with, kind of? But I'm trying to find a way. If they're going to go older for cable, then they need to get Sean Connery. Maybe too old. He still has a cannon he has to hold. But don't you think Sean Connery would be perfect for this? My issue isn't Pierce Bronson as cable. My issue is a British cable, which we were joking of trying to do a cable with a British accent. And I just don't see. Because he's no, he's was his classic line, and the lone man from Boise or something. Borneo. Borneo. I can't say that in a British accent. I tried. Shannon's over here was laughing at me because I couldn't do it. I'm still hoping for the bad guy in Avatar, honestly. I forget his name. But he has the cable look. And why is there somebody blocking? Like they're blocking that door and everything. So yeah, your thoughts? What do you think? I mean, Pierce Bronson's cable, maybe? Brosnan. Brosnan. I keep calling him Brosnan. Yeah. Pierce Brosnan's cable, what do you think? Oh, man. I'll joke in a side. He was definitely the last person we'd ever imagined. Yeah. They're not even really, I don't know if they're hinting. Brian Reynolds, I don't know if he's hinting. I'm pretty sure that they're kind of confirming it pretty much. Unless he could be another bad guy. I mean, they've already confirmed that the cab driver guy is coming back. Really? Yeah. He's coming back. He had such a small part in the first. Well, so yeah, your thoughts? Oh, man, I don't know. I could see just about anybody else in that role, but Pierce Brosnan. He was in British. Yeah. Because I don't want to hear Pierce Bronson and Brosnan with an English accent, honestly. I don't know if he ever has done a movie with an English accent, but I don't want to hear it. Like I said, if they wanted to go older with cable, I could see Sean Connery, Clint Eastwood. Another little tool. We're talking like Ron Perlman old. Because he would be the perfect cable. Because he kind of wants to do it, too. He would be the perfect cable, really. So I think they're going kind of like that way, not age. But again, he's also been in a number of comic book movies. He was Hellboy, he was in Blade II. He was Beast on Beauty and the Beast in the 80s. Yeah, he did Pacific Rim. Yeah. That's the last two weren't necessarily comic book movies. They were turned into comic books later. Oh, man, I don't know. I want to be OK with it because I like Pierce Brosnan. But I don't know if I would be able to get over a British cable. Every time I look at Pierce Brosnan, I think of Mrs. Doubtfire. Come on, breathe. That was the first movie I saw. That in 007. Oh, it was a drive by a fruitine. Did you got tipped to the winter? You could hear the fruit on his wet hair going squish. That part cracked me. That was Al Cimetti, squish.  But yeah, and of course, James Bond. He was the first James Bond I got to see in theaters. Yeah. And then the Thomas Crown Affair. Never saw it. He played a master thief who he stole the painting, but he didn't actually steal the paint. I mean, I'm familiar with the movie, just I never. So I don't know. Tell us your thoughts. Go into comments below and tell us your thoughts. Of course, I mean, don't forget to hit the like button, subscribe, share. So yeah, my name's Cable. That'd be Sean Connery. Cable. Cable. Yeah, he did it. Oh my god. Sean Connery is Wolverine. Like old man Wolverine. Get over here, Bob. I'm not through with it yet. Shave her tooth. Get you over here. I've got some bones that want to get to know you. Oh, Gene. Oh, Gene. Scott, go and wank yourself. She is with me. I'm the best I is. I'm the best I is at what I do. And what I do isn't pretty. I saw him from Sean Connery did some random skydiving. You went from Sean Connery to Chris Eccleston. Wow. That's amazing. Isn't it? And now, Christopher Walken. I'm Cable. Hey. I'm born, you know, wow. Could you imagine Christopher Walken? I can feel imagine Christopher Walken in anything, all right? Christopher Walken as Heyman. I have a power. Wow. Battlecat. Wow. He's green. Why is he green? I don't know why. He's cool. Yeah. Skeletor. Wow. OK. Christopher Walken playing Sean Connery. I can't do it. Can't do it. I've tried that. I've tried Jack Nicholson and Sean Connery once.  All right, do Jack Nicholson. Oh, Lord, I don't think I have the strength right now. I will do that next week. Somehow this turned really weird. Jack Nicholson as Cable. That'd be cool. Yeah, that would be young Jack Nicholson as Cable. Yeah. With a little more hair. He's a wig and some plaid. Because I didn't ever have hair. Like, he had, I mean, it always looked like he was thin. Yeah, he always had that window's peak. Yeah, always.  Even in one flew over the coup, because of that he had the.  He has more hair, but he still has that window's peak. Yeah. Which is hard to, yeah, he had freaking tap dancing Christ. All right. Jesus tap dancing Christ. Whose brothers? Jesus aged tap dancing Christ. Have you seen the light? Yes. Have you seen the light? Yes. Yes. Jesus aged tap dancing Christ. I've seen the light. Hallelujah. Yeah. Hallelujah. Hallelujah. The band, oh, what the band? You know what I mean? I remember the part where in Blues Brothers 2000 where, you know, the light's shining out of him and he magically turns into a blues band. The fact that you remember more about Blues Brothers 2000 and not the original makes me sad. Because that was a horrible. Yeah, it was. John Goodman as a Blues Brother. I like John Goodman. I had no problem with the casting.   They tried to combine the original with a newer take on it, I think. Yeah. It didn't work. They needed to do an actual sequel. Like the closest thing they did to an actual sequel was hint. They didn't come right out and say that Jake died. But they hinted that Jake died. They never came right out and said, you know, Jake died. All right, guys, so how the hell do we open the camera? Dan Acroy does cable. No. Bill Murray does cable. I don't think they're OK with that.   Dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun. So, you know, he's the baby movie. It looks like turd, but it's not. Dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, dun. All right, Bill. Take us out of the show. So be good for goodness sakes. Whoa, somebody's cable.


Hello and welcome to the screencast on working with definitions. So I want you to think back to the very first screencast we saw in this series where we were discussing statements and it gave you a couple of examples of statements. January is the first month of the year and July is the first month of the year. Now these were definitely statements in the logical sense so they have a definite truth value. The first one is true while the second one is false, right? Well it depends on what we mean by year it turns out. If we mean the calendar year then yeah, of course January is first and July is not. But suppose what I really meant was the year in which I've been alive. You see my birthday is in July and so for me I could say that what I meant by a year quote unquote is a full year of being born. In which case July is the first month of that quote unquote year and January is not. So it might be a little annoying to play these kinds of semantic games with our statements but it's an important idea here and that is the definitions matter. Before we can work with any kind of logical system like mathematics we need to learn how to read definitions and in keeping with the theme from earlier videos how to play with definitions. And that's what we're going to learn how to do in this video. So let's start with a very simple definition namely that of an even number. You have an innate sense of what even means and you can certainly pick out even numbers in a line up but forming a rigorous mathematical definition does take some work. You might start by saying that an even number is defined to be one of the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 and so on. Now this definition is partially true. Those four numbers you see there 2, 4, 6, 8 are indeed even but there's two big problems with this definition. First of all it leaves a lot of stuff out. For example 0, negative 2, negative 4 and so on aren't specified in the list and it's a little hard to see just from looking at the list that those 0 and negative even numbers ought to be in the list of even numbers. And second of all this definition doesn't scale up well. That means it doesn't provide an easy way to tell if a new number is or isn't even. For example let's look at the number 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 0, 2. Now is that number even or not? Now the only way to tell from this definition is to try to extend the list out until we get into the neighborhood of this number and see if 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 0, 2 is in it. Now that's really inefficient and takes a long time. And in fact that's not how you determine whether that number is even or not anyway. The way you did it is to do it in some way that doesn't involve listing things. What you did probably was look at the 1's digit of that number and realize hey that's a 2 and anything that ends in a 2 must be even. So based on that reasoning we can upgrade our definition to something that looks more like this. An even number is a number that ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. And in fact this is the definition my kids get in elementary school and maybe some of you are in the same boat. But there's still a problem with this definition. It's ambiguous. And that means that there are some ways to gain this definition that allow numbers that are clearly not even to be misidentified as being even. For example take the number 1.008. Now you could say that this number quote unquote ends in 8. So by the definition above that would make it an even number. But that's crazy. That's not even a whole number. So the problem here is that we haven't been precise enough about our terms and our definition. We haven't described what we mean by a number precisely. And we haven't really talked about what it means to quote something. 1.008 is not what we want to be identified as an even number. But our definition does it. So we have some work to do. Now as an aside before we go on from here on out we're going to use the term integer to mean whole number. That's a shorter word and more common in mathematical practice. So how can we repair the definition we have? Well we could do something like this. An even number is an integer that ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.  We can't remove the word integer from this definition and just use number without allowing some non-examples to creep in and be accidentally counted. But if you look closely we still have included up the ambiguity. We still don't know what it means to end in something. What does that even mean? A more precise way to state this definition would be the following. An even number is an integer whose 1's digit is 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8. Now this is better because the notion of 1's digit is a mathematically well-defined and well-understood term. But ends in is not. We don't have another definition for ends in but we do have a definition for 1's digit that we learned in arithmetic. So here at last I think we have a workable definition. Note that it scales up well. That means if I give you a new number like negative 2, 2,382 then I can immediately look at the definition and tell that that number is even very efficiently. And I can also make up non-examples like 11 and 4 million and 1. And those are clearly not even numbers by the same definition. So for a concept check we're going to look at another definition of even that once we have gotten it fully up to specs will become our official definition of even number. Here's a draft version. An integer is said to be even if it is equal to 2 times another number. Now the question this time is under this definition which of the following numbers is or are even. Now remember that this definition could have flaws in it. And you must take it literally. That's something we always do with mathematical definitions. We're very, very strict about our definitions. So the definition might identify some numbers as even when in reality we know they aren't. So here are the choices. 12, 13. The set of all integers would be counted even. Or the set of all real numbers period would be counted even.  So the best answer here is C. That under this definition every integer, every whole number period would be considered even. Now let's see why that is. Let's take the number 13 for example from the list. 13 is an integer of course. So the definition does actually apply. And does, is the number 13 equal to 2 times another number? Well, actually yes it is. 13 is 2 times another number, namely 13 halves. And so since 13 is 2 times another number, we'd have to call 13 even under this definition and that's clearly ridiculous. So our definition is busted and we have some fixing to do. In fact we could play this game for any integer at all. If n is any integer whatsoever, then n is always 2 times n over 2. So all integers would be included as even. Not all real numbers would be included because we do have this filter on the definition that only allows integers to be considered. So we can fix this definition in one little way here. And this will be our official definition of even. An integer is said to be even if it is equal to 2 times another integer. So if we require the number we multiply by 2 to get our integer to itself be an integer, instead of something like 13 halves, we're eliminating the possibility of 13 being even because 13 is not 2 times an integer, it's 2 times a fraction. And we can take this statement one step farther and make it more precise still. And this is going to be our real official definition here that we'll use many, many times in the future. An integer n is said to be even if there exists another integer k such that n equals 2 times k. Now we introduced some notation here, so let's unpack that for a moment. What this means is that n, the integer in question, is even if there's some other integer k such that n is 2 times k. I can get n by taking some other integer and multiplying that by 2. For example, 18 is even because there is another integer, namely 9, such that 18 is 2 times 9. And in that example, the n is 18 and the k is 9. And 17 is not even because 17 is not equal to 2 times k for any integer k, any whole number k. Again, the term integer is all important. If you lose that, the definition is busted. So what we just did here is what we call instantiating the definition. We're making instances out of it. We took the definition and built an example and a non-example out of it. If you're having trouble still with this definition, just instantiate it some more. For example, is 66 even? Well, can you phrase 66 as 2 times k where k is an integer? Well, of course you can. In that case, k is equal to 33. So let's wrap up. And here's what we've learned. First of all, definitions matter. Without clear definitions that are free of ambiguity and error, we can't really talk about anything, especially math. Every part of a mathematical definition has to be clearly defined and mean what you want to mean. And every part of a mathematical definition has a role to play. And finally, instantiating a definition means building examples and non-examples of it to test the boundaries of that definition to see what it really means. And instantiating a definition is the first thing you should do when you encounter a new definition after reading it. Thanks for watching.


The article discusses how to calculate the required information size in a meta-analysis. It proposes a new measure called diversity, D2, as an adjustment factor for the required information size. This measure is derived from the relative variance reduction when the meta-analysis model changes from a random effect to a fixed-effects model. The authors compare this measure to the commonly used measure of inconsistency, I2. They demonstrate that D2 is always greater than or equal to I2, regardless of the chosen between trial variance estimator. Therefore, D2 is a more accurate measure of the required information size in any random-effects meta-analysis. This article was authored by Gludd Christian, Brock Jesper, Thorland Christian, and others.


fixed rate bonds recording. My name is Elizabeth Moran. I'm Director of Education and Research at FIG and with me today I have Lee Winton who is our new Head of Portfolio Strategies. Welcome, Lee. Hi, Liz. Thank you. A little bit of background about Lee. Lee has over 25 years experience within financial markets, within the asset classes of fixed income, foreign exchange, derivatives and commodities, and has worked with a number of large banks including J.P. Morgan, Moore Bank of Scotland, Commonwealth Bank and HSBC Midland. You might notice Lee's accent. Lee has a mixture of structuring and product and sales background and his highest form of qualification being an ask for a business in finance from UTX. While at CBA, Lee was the co-head of an investor products business which originated and distributed fixed income products within the various channels. Explaining products and simplistic terms have been a key part of Lee's roles today. We're very lucky to have Lee with us today to share his information and without further ado, thank you very much, Lee. Let's get rolling with the fixed rate bond. Webinar one thing I must mention though that this is the first in a series of two. We also record a webinar on floating rate bonds. This is the first one. It's best if you watch them in order. Thank you, Lee. It's great to be here. I'm loving the role of being the head of portfolio strategies and we'll start looking at fixed rate bonds. I must note that bonds have been around for hundreds of years. There are some bonds that go back in England's Napoleonic times and one of the oldest bonds still in existence is a Dutch bond from 1624 where a Dutch water board raised money to enable the upkeep of their local dykes and that is still in existence today. So we are dealing with a category of asset class that has been around for a long time and has stood that test of time. Fascinating. Thank you. There are three main types of bonds in the asset class of fixed income and they are fixed rate bonds, floating rate bonds and inflation link bonds. Today we're going to look at two of those asset classes being fixed rates and floating rate bonds and another opportunity we will look at the inflation link bonds series. I've chosen fixed rate bonds first of all because they are the most popular type of bonds. They are the oldest type of bonds and they are the easiest for us all to understand as an opening look at fixed income. Why should we invest in fixed rate bonds? Most of our clients at FIG are often investors who are looking for higher yields than cash or deposits but lower risk instruments than equities or sometimes property and fixed rate bonds fill that gap really well. They are really good for predicting future income as the interest payments are regular and stable. Fixed rate bonds almost always pay the same amount of interest every period and they return the face value at maturity. Those interest payments must be paid by the borrower otherwise the company will go down the route and ultimately end up in liquidation i.e. they are higher in the capital structure than equities and that's an important distinction between the bonds and equities. Looking at fixed rate bonds there are some features that I wanted to discuss today and they are the interest payments, the yield to maturity, the running yield also called the income yield and understanding the types of bond prices and how bonds trade after they've been issued in what's called secondary markets and factors that might influence their prices. Let's look at an example of Australian denominated bonds. I've chosen here the RWH at the Royal Women's Hospital. It's a hospital based in Melbourne. It's an essential social infrastructure and it's a bond we use a lot in portfolios because it has a higher yield than people can achieve on deposits and very acceptable risk as being an essential piece of social infrastructure. This bond has a scheduled maturity of March 2017. When it was issued it had a price of $100 meaning that investors pay $100 for every holding or security they buy. The total amount issued or borrowed by the organization was $148 million. There are available parcels of $10,000 for investors to buy and ordinarily the minimum initial purchase is $50,000. Lee, before we go on I just wanted to chat to you about that maturity date. It's quite interesting because it's not quite two years. I think that's an important point about bonds and that is that they are traded. You can still buy once they've been issued and they start trading in the secondary market. There's a wide range of maturity dates available to investors. Absolutely. This March 2017 actually has less than a year to run. I make it very comparable with a deposit and try and say to investors it might be higher risk theoretically than a deposit because it hasn't got an implicit government guarantee for $250,000 but the risk is acceptable and often you're getting yields on these bonds that are in the higher forwards over 5%. You might be getting twice what you can achieve on a deposit. Great. I thought I'd just spend a moment telling clients how we calculate the amount we pay for a bond. So bond markets similar to equities have gone through an exercise where we've moved the settlement date to a T plus two period. This happened in the last couple of months and you might have seen notification that when people are buying or selling security then money is credited or debited to their accounts two business days after the purchase or sale date. In bonds, our settlement amount is derived from the face value i.e. how many holdings or securities you buy times the purchase price and that is divided by 100. At issue price almost all bonds have $100 as the level at which you buy but thereafter prices go up and down and we might discuss the reasons as why they go up and down a bit later. But I looked just today at where that RWH sample bonds has been trading. That is trading above 100, we would say it's above par, its price is $100.80 and therefore if you wanted to buy 100,000 holdings or securities of that unit it would cost you a bit more than $100,000. It would cost you that $100,800 and you would have to pay that two business days after today. Let's look at how this bond might pay interest and repayment and in this example I actually used the indicative purchase amount of $100,000 rather than $100,800 that I just showed just to make it easier for indicative purposes. So I looked retrospectively at the 26th of March this year because on that date this security had exactly one year left to run and at that time its price was 100, it was par and therefore if you bought 100,000 units it would have cost you exactly $100,000. The interest rate on this bond is 6.2% and that amount of money would be received on the remaining two interest dates for this bond. It's semi-annual, it's six monthly, so the two remaining dates are the 26th of September this year and the 26th of March 2017 and as a fixed rate of 6.2% that means that for the year clients receive $6.2, $6.20 for every $100 invested and because it's a semi-annual six monthly bond that is split down the line and clients receive $3.10 for every $100 invested every six months. So in the timeline we can see that for every $100,000 invested I've shown this in red to show it's an outflow to buy the bond in the first place, investors receive back $3,100 on the 26th of September this year, another $3,100 at the repayment date of the 26th of March 2017 and in addition they receive their principal, their invested amount back being 100,000 and therefore we can see that for the $100,000 investment on the 26th of March the total amount coming back was $106,200 split into $3,100 after six months and $103,100 back in March 2017. So now it's interesting you have the dates there, they're quite precise and that feeds back into what bonds are and why people like them because you know exactly when you're going to get the interest payments. Absolutely, they're regular, they're constant, they're stable, they have a few conventions so if the 26th of September or the 26th of March was a weekend or a non-business day there would be an adjustment to that date just in normal banking procedure and normally it would be on the next available business date, I'll be accredited to your account but those schedules are known, regular, consistent and constant and they go with the overall concept of bonds being regular and enabling a continual constant income stream. Fantastic. Let's spend a moment looking at how interest is calculated and we use this bond and we saw the interest rate is 6.2% because it's semi-annual that means it happens every six months as we just saw and this amount is called unadjusted and that just means that even if for a varying reason there might be slightly more or less than six months in a particular period there could be maybe 180 days in the six month period or 185 days in the six month period because of a long weekend or otherwise it doesn't matter that coupon is known and continual. So every six months you get that $3.10 for every $300 that was invested in the first place and mathematically that calculation is the number of securities held times the coupon which here is 6.2%, times a half being a half being the six month period being half of one year. And the coupon really is just another way to say the interest payment amount or the interest rate. Absolutely. We're all guilty in fixed income of being overly technical. We know in simplistic terms we want to understand how many dollars might we receive, what is the interest rate and the interest rate is what sometimes called the coupon on the bond. Let's look at a concept called yield to maturity. Yield to maturity is the overall return expected from the bond if it's held until the end and it is the most likely thing that investors will compare to a deposit yield but I like to make the distinction because a deposit has just one payment date when you get interest in capital but with bonds you have a series of dates when you're receiving that interest which is typically every six months and you're getting your principal back at the end and therefore the yield to maturity is a slightly more complex calculation than a deposit but it depends on when you bought the bonds and how much you paid for them and it uses what I call a discounted cash flow or an IRR approach where monies in the future are converted into the equivalent monies as if they received today. Sometimes people call this a present value or net present value approach and it's often the way that analysts value businesses and often the way that value listed companies and understanding what the value of their dividends are going to be. So yield to maturity is the focus for investors who intend to hold the bond until maturity and most of our investors at FIG are clients who do buy bonds and hold them until the end. Next let's look at the running yield, it's also called the income yield and is an indication of how much money, how many dollars will clients be receiving at those regular periods in comparison to how much they paid. This is really important for investors that need income during the life of the bond and investors should be very focused on that income running yield because that is effectively what is going to enable them to understand how many dollars they receive on those interest periods which as we discussed is every six months. If the price paid for the fixed rate bond is the hundred dollars which will always be the case if bought at issue then the income yield or the running yield and the yield to maturity are going to be equal. If however the price paid for a fixed rate bond is greater than a hundred dollars then the running yield is less than the coupon or interest rate and vice versa. If we used the RWH to Royal Women's Hospital at the current price of 180 this income or running yield of 6.151 is lower than the issued interest rate on the bond of 6.2% and that just represents the fact you weren't able to buy it at a hundred dollars at the time, you had to pay more, you had to pay $100.80 and therefore the 6.2% or $3.10 is still being received but looking at it against your cost base, your purchase price of $100.80 the actual yield is less than the 6.2% it's actually 6.151. I would note that using this example it's still far superior to what you might expect on equivalent deposits and similar money market investments. It's a very good return for a one year bond where we expect investors to be repaid their principal and interest in less than a year's time. We think it's really strong and we believe that the Royal Women's Hospital is essential infrastructure. When people look at bond prices it can be confusing because there are two different types of bond price and I want to just spend a moment just discussing in simple terms what those prices are. There is a clean price which is effectively the capital price. It is the component of a bond that the investor is paying and represents their true cost base. However when you buy a bond you normally buy it during an existing interest period and the holder of the bond on the date the interest is paid is allowed and does receive interest for the whole period. So for example if you bought a bond three months through the way of a six month interest period at the end of that six month period you would receive interest for the whole of that six month period and therefore the dirty price is the amount of extra interest you're paying to reflect that fact that when you receive that interest at the end of six months you get it for the whole period but as you only owned it for three months of that period for example you are not entitled to interest for the whole of that time. I tend to think it's a bit like an overdraft. You know if you have an overdraft from your bank they're going to charge your interest daily because you owe them money each day. Sort of that same thinking isn't it? Absolutely and we know that we have these accrual periods where banks charge daily and bonds pay interest daily and they catch up to those periods at the end of the six month time frame. So there are a couple of factors that can influence prices of bonds and I'm talking about bonds now after issue because if you buy a bond at issue and you pay a hundred dollars for it and you hold it for the whole length of time received your regular interest every six months to get your hundred dollars back you're probably not terribly interested in what happens in the meantime. But people who want to observe bond prices after issue will see that there are two driving factors that influence their prices and they are interest rates and they are credit spreads and we'll talk about those two now. Firstly if we talk about interest rate risk on a fixed rate bond there's a really good diagram here that shows a seesaw and how the seesaw has to stay balanced. I would note on it that it does mean that the two participants on a seesaw have to be a reasonably equal weight and that's relevant for our bond here. If we have a scenario where a bond is paying a coupon of five percent that's that interest rate of five percent that two and a half dollars every six months for every hundred dollars has more or less value depending on the overall level of interest rates. So if interest rates go down then earning five percent becomes relatively more valuable than if interest rates go up and this seesaw is explaining that balanced equation that balance scenario and that means that bonds will trade at a price level of more or less than the original hundred dollars invested depending on the overall level of which interest rates are trading. And also the term to maturity because the longer the term to maturity the longer the differential so that's another key point there. Absolutely so Liz made very good points and I actually often think about this as making sense to me because we know that if there's a shorter time to maturity there is going to be a smaller ability for prices to change very much because effectively they're going to repay a hundred dollars whereas it makes sense to me that for longer instruments that move more in dollar terms as prices change because there's a far greater time for their pricing to move down to ninety dollars or go up to a hundred and ten dollars. And then we might talk about credit spread and what does credit spread mean? I always found it a bit difficult but when I started working I remember I had an uncle of mine who told me it's really important to pay your bills on time otherwise you might be deemed to be less credit worthy and so we might understand that people, organizations and governments can have different levels of risk associated to them and the stronger the individual or the company, the organization or the government is the cheaper it will be for them to borrow money and that's effectively exactly what we're talking about here. So the stronger and more credit worthy the borrower is, the lower the fixed rate will be on the bonds and the closer the rate will be to a very high quality issuer like a state or government and these state or governments are often available to be seen as in England what we used to call guilds and here we just call government bonds and their pricing is available, interestingly enough we do not use many government bonds in our portfolios and find our investors are very much attracted to them because they yield them on them are so low. But on that note they can really outperform when interest rates are moving lower or there's a risk off sentiment in the marketplace, government bond prices rally so I think they're quite a protective bond if you can accept the lower return, ultimately they are one of the best defenses because of course they're not influenced by the economic cycle. Absolutely and what we see in times of stress and times of crisis and if we look back to the global financial crisis in that 2008 period it was really high quality borrowers the treasuries and the governments, the super nationals that performed best because nobody wanted risk, everyone wanted safest possible instruments. That's right and the demand for them set the prices up. Absolutely. So this fixed rate that is on a bond can often be compared to a benchmark bond like a government and we might look upon it as saying well this is the risk over the risk free instrument that investors are taking. They could look to buy a government bond that will be lower yielding but if they buy a corporate bond that extra yield they're getting is a differential they're being paid for assuming credit risk. And that's called the credit spread. That's the credit, absolutely that's the credit spread. If we look now at the way that bonds trade in the secondary market I thought let's look at a specific example for our RWH bond. So if the credit spread that was attributable to the Royal Women's Hospital bonds narrowed that would mean that an investor would be prepared to lend at less than the fixed rates on the bond of 6.2%. Maybe investors thought this bond is doing pretty well. I understand the credit. The hospital is an operational phase and therefore I think that the real risk will be reflected at a rate that might be 5.9%. That fixed rate bond will trade above its $100 price meaning that investors have to pay more than $100 to buy it and therefore the real yield they're getting is say 5.9% instead of the 6.2% that was available at first issue. So that's because the investor has to part with more than $100 to buy the bond. Conversely, if the spread widens, if investors need more than that initial 6.2%, then the fixed rate bond will trade below par, it will trade below the $100 that was its price at first issue and that would reflect a higher yield that was available maybe it'd be 6.5%, the price might be $98 instead of $100. So in summary, fixed rate bonds are really great. They're really, really good for investors to want regular, constant interest. They're really good in times of stable to lower interest rates because the rates that investors get do not change and that is different to have a floating rate notes work which we'll come to in the next presentation. Fixed rate bonds change in price as a function of both interest rates and the underlying perceived credit worthness of the company who's the borrower or issuer. Fantastic Lee, I hope that you've all kept pace with us, what's great about having a recording is that you can go back and listen to it again. Thank you very much for joining us and I hope you'll stay on or listen to the next webinar, the floating rate bonds. Thank you. Thanks, Liz.


As a black woman and as founder and president of Sisters Empowering Hawaii and host of Sister Power, I stand with all those across the country who seek to peacefully demonstrate their outrage against the institutionalized violence that took the lives of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery and so many others. There is a deep sense of pain and anguish in a moment like this, where the names are different but the story is the same. There is no acceptable explanation for the sheer brutality we see in our world. There is no acceptable justification for the bigotry and racism that leave black bodies unprotected and unsafe. Black women are not going to be invisible. Our history matters and we matter.  Our team at Sister Power is honored to have three esteemed, fought-provoking women. Watering Keith Banks from Kansas City, June Fletcher Dennis from Surprise, Arizona, and Mary Ann Holland from Nashville, Tennessee come together to discuss the ongoing issues of killing black men and women and specifically how it affects women. Ladies, welcome to Sister Power. Thank you. Thank you. So glad you're here. Aloha. That's right. Aloha. You know, you ladies have been my friends for over 20-some years. Walterine, maybe 40, 50 years. And this is, you know, we'll do something else on another occasion where we're not talking about something that's so painful. But on May 20, no, yeah. Yeah, it was May 25, 2020, the world witness a modern-day lynching.  And it keeps going in my head. This young man was saying, please, please.  He was so polite. He said, please, please, I can't breathe. And then he called out to his mothers. Ladies, I want you to speak out on that. And Walterine, I want to start with you. First of all, I want to say thank you for this opportunity, Sharon, for having this forum that we can come together. Too often times, I pray the prayer of Lord, help me to feel the pain and the hurt of others so I can be assistant to them. On that day, I felt his pain. As a black mother, I felt his cry. I began to cry and I remember my son says to me, why are you crying? And I said, because I hear this, it could have been your son. Well, it could have been your nephew, but it was my son. It was my nephew. His blood runs through my veins. He was a black man. So I felt his hurt. I felt his pain. June, you have a son and a grandson. You know, I was on the phone with you and Walterine when I heard about this. So I watched it later and I sat there and my husband hadn't seen it yet. And I was just still. I couldn't believe that we are still watching this. It was just hard to believe and I did cry and I did think about my son and my brothers in the neighborhood I grew up in because in 1965, I remember during the Watts riot how that affected me. I was 12 then and I was traumatized by it. And here we are years later still dealing with this. And so I was sad, but I was just angry. And now that it has the protest has continued on, I'm really happy that people are not letting it just mellow out. It's time. We should not have to come back to this again in the future. It should be growing and getting better from this point on. Yeah, Mary Ann. You know, June, I so hope and pray that we have arrived at that moment. You know, when I when the thought, you know, they came to mind for me when this happened to George, I thought of Emmett Till. I thought of Mamie Till. Yeah. Her 14 year old little boy. Yeah. And then I thought of Samaria Rice. Yeah, mother of Tamir Rice who was just 12 murdered by cops within three seconds while just sitting in a park. Yeah. And then I thought of Wanda Cooper Jones, the mother of Ahmad Aubrey, who was jogging. My mom was 25 years old. My son is 25 years old. He could have been jogging down the street in his neighborhood. Yeah. Tameka Palmer, who's the mother of Breonna Taylor, the EMT worker who shot in the bed. Yeah. She shot in the bed in her own home.  And, you know, I just made he rest in peace and power. His name is being chanted all over the world now. And I'm hoping that people really are hearing hearing the message and finally get it that this has to stop. Yeah. Yeah, this was a shock to the world. And I want to show the viewers this mural from Belfast Black Lives Matter fight racism in North Ireland. This is a global shock, I should say, because the viewers who are watching had a chance to look in a monstrous eyes as he put his hand in his pocket and continually to put his get off.  So moving on, you know, June, we have this conversation. June is married to a white man and her mother is white. And I asked her what kind of conversation did you have with your families after this horrific event? Well, my mom and I we talked about it and she was just broken.  I'm blessed that every time someone meets my mother, they always say, that's your mother.  She's just a sweet spirit. She does not tolerate hate and pain. And she cried. And she just couldn't believe it.  And she has seen all this as well. Married to my dad, a black man.  Why can't people just treat people good? You know, why can't people be nice? Why can't people understand? But as a prayer warrior, my mom and I talked about something that we thought was very probably timely. And that is sometimes God brings a flux of things very subtly. And sometimes he brings them in a miracle. And sometimes he brings them very dramatically. And in this case, this was dramatic. I don't mean in the sense that that guy that the police officer had his knee. But I mean for the world at large, there is a change in the hearts of people all over this world. Even the Amish came out and they protested and they rarely get involved in anything. So, you know, I my prayer is that I, my organization, the world of junior girl is all about the art of loving people. And I don't know how else to describe it other than I want to believe that there's something is just a sliver of change. Just a sliver of change can make the world a better place. This has to be dealt with. We can't let it slide on. There's so many things that we have yet to do. There's so much planning. There's strategies. You've got black leadership that's coming on board. People are having conversations. I got a call today from someone I hadn't heard from in a long time, a relative of family, a white family. And they, I know the call came because they were thinking about me. That's what she said, how I'm doing. Well, we didn't talk about it, but I know that's what made them think about me, you know. So, yeah, you know, we just, I'm just honestly, I'm just wanting to believe that we will not have to go back again. I want to see this move forward. Yeah, we do too. Well, I feel shame for anyone who is not actively fighting for respect, inclusion and equality. And so, Walter Reed, how do we climb out of this abyss? You know, Sharon, it starts with education. Over the past few months, we have heard so many parents that are homeschooling their children and talking about the struggle at homeschooling. And a lot of times in the past, we hear individuals talk about why aren't they educating our children about black history. The fact is, we don't know where we're going. We won't have a vision if we don't know our past. And education begins at home. It's giving your children the opportunity to have self-worth, to know who invented the stoplight. Who is this man, George Carver Washington, my grandson is homeschooled. And he was just astonished at the fact that George Washington Carver didn't only make peanut butter, but he taught white settlers how to produce more to make more money. Our people have to have a vision. They have to have a vision. I know in different states, different counties, different cities, there are changes being made. I know here in Kansas City, they have been forced to now use body cameras. And if they're not using them, if they're turned off, there is a penalty. So there are some changes, but we have to stand as a community. We need togetherness to move forward because we saw there is power in numbers. Yeah, there is. You know, say her name, say her name. Black women have been common victims of police brutality for over a century. However, their stories are often left out of the mainstream narratives. So say her name is a movement that seeks to remind people that police brutality happens to black girls and women too. Mary Ann, say her name, say her name. Well, I'm going to say the name of my mama. June Irene Howland. She is a, you know, she she she she passed away last August. She was 92 years old. And I miss her, you know, dearly, but I'm glad that she left before she had to witness what we have all seen because she had to live it. And I can't imagine her living it again.  And then she in addition to that had to endure, you know, the segregation era. And she was very damaged in a way from that. And over over the years, there were stories that she would tell and experiences that she had that you could tell that were so painful that they never left her and always. She had a bit of diminished self esteem because of the burden and the, the, the tragedy of being held back and oppressed in a way, which made me since I was because I saw it. In a way made me gave me my fight. It gave me the strength because I knew that I wanted to fight for her because of what she lived through. Yeah. I was going to be the catalyst for change that I defined my mission in life that we would not tolerate this anymore, which led to the work that I do around with the global diversity leadership exchange and working with business leaders, organizational leaders and helping to do the work around justice, equity, diversity and inclusion to fight for racial equality. And in fact, one of the things that happened, and I think Junior had mentioned this, I have received several phone calls from white men that had never happened to me before in my life. White men for, I mean, it was, it was my phone just kept ringing and text messages asking me how are you doing. But it was, it made me cry. I think I cried. I was crying. I mean, it's just my eyes were just swollen from crying all week because of one was the outpouring of compassion. But it was also that I had to tell the story of what I was feeling over and again, so I had to keep living it. So there came a point where I had to just not answer the phone anymore because I needed time to breathe. But one of the outcomes of that was one of my friends, my white, because from my perspective, critical to the change are white men. And so I challenged my friend, a white man, that you need to do something. You need to talk to your, to your brethren about, you know, behaving differently. And it's time. And he got it. And then out of that spark that group called hands out of our pockets, take, yep, taking the knee out of the necks of black people. And within a day of just making the decision to start that group, he was the, the, that group has grown to hundreds of men just like that. And it's been amazing. So what I think it gave me, you know, some sort of sense of hope that finally there's this opportunity. We have a real opportunity. Yeah, yeah, we're coming together here. I think, I think if we seize this moment when you look at all the protests in the streets, and we see that 70% of America is with us. And so I feel like we're on this trajectory and, and I'm committed to helping to do the work.  Because I need you on the front line. I don't need you to stand beside me and go, yes, I agree. I need you on the front line. All right now. So that's, that's, that's the kind of work that I am, you know, that keeps me going. The helps me do this is just focusing on, okay, so what do we have to do? What do we have to, you know, it's a Marshall. Well, over the course of 17 days, we have heard the words enough is enough. That's right. We're constantly hearing eight minutes and 46 seconds.  And I'm so proud of our young people. And did anyone have a chance to view how can we win by Kimberly Jones? Yeah. Yeah.  One equality and not revenge. What do you have to say about that, Walter? I did. I saw that you sent it and she is a powerful sister. We see powerful individuals coming up, speaking out. And we are not coming for revenge. We just want to be treated equally. Equally.  My daughter was in, I was in the car with my daughter, my sister, my seven year old nephew and 12 year old niece. And we were stopped on the highway. My daughter was driving. They asked her to step out. They put her on the ground on a interstate highway. They had a taser. Rowing the taser up over her. Another police officer came to the car with a gun pointed out at myself, my 62 year old daughter, my little nephew, my wife, my niece, and my little grandson.  There may be one in the White House. But with that being said, they treated us like that.  They stopped us because they said her tags were stolen. She didn't know what had happened. She didn't know what had happened. She was traumatized. And then they said, finally, well, you have stolen tags. All this, you have stolen tags. And I kind of laughed to myself, but not as a laughter. I said, you know what, sir? I know what happened. Notice went out in our neighborhood and said, watch your tags. People are taking tags. It had happened to the woman, our neighbor. And she, also a black female, was stopped in the suburbs of Kansas City, made to lay down on the sidewalk with seven cars of police officers because they thought her tags were stolen. That brings me to, they called the police on George Floyd for a $20 bill. This man lost his life over a $20 bill. And if I'm not mistaken, Harriet Tubman was supposed to be on that $20 bill, am I correct? So you see how many things that are coming to fruition. But June, what can we do where we are? Well, you know, when you talked about that young lady that made that video, and I watched it a couple of times because it was sent to me by a few different people. And when she started out, you know, I was, I fell in love with the way she was presenting it. And then she got down and dirty.  We are angry. And just like she said, you bless that we are not going to revenge. We just want equality.  And that's what people have to do.  I'm so proud of the nation at large. And I'm so proud of the world because people everywhere see this and feel this. And even though it's Black Lives Matter for us here in America, there are issues like this in other countries as well. And so we have to not shrug it off like, okay, it's, it's all right, because we did that. I went through the riot in 65. I went through Martin Luther King's riot when we were in LA. I went through Rodney King in LA. And here we are again. So this momentum has to continue. And I believe that people have to stay focused.  But the conversation has to continue. And something that I have always believed in. When I arise every morning, my responsibility is to be the best citizen that I can be. I speak kindly to my husband. I speak kindly to my neighbors. Each individual has to do that. We have to consider that we are in a world where everyone wants a piece of the pie. And we deserve that. We've worked hard for it. And we know as Black people, not only have we worked hard for it, but we are the reason it is what it is. Yes. Absolutely. Well, you know, Mary Ann, what message that is most important to you? Vote. There we go. There it is. But not just November. Vote in every local and state election. And if in your, wherever you live, if there is a sister or a brother that's running for office, give money to their campaign. One of the things that, that are candidates lack for is financial support and it takes money to run.  So it's hard.  The other thing is, you know, I, you know, I, I'm on, I serve on the board of an organization called the American Sustainable Business Council, which is based in DC. And it's a, it's a, it's a organization that advocates on behalf of sustainable businesses, but the work is policy work. So policy, things like, you know, it's, it's a, it, when the new deal happened and redlining was one of the outcomes of the new deal, which led to creating these marginalized neighborhoods where you, you redlined into poverty. That was a policy. The, what's happening with the police and throughout the country, the police departments, it's policy. We need policy for police reform. So I think as citizens and, you know, as good citizens, we need to stay educated about what is actually being talked about with amongst our legislators. And we should speak out. We should write letters to your congressman, ring the phone, send a text. They listen. If you, if we, the squeaky wheel gets the oil, you heard that. And it, and, and your contact with, with your people who are elected into office.  I want to share that because the people don't know that because I do this work, I realize how powerful it is. You know, if you feel like you've, that you're particularly passionate about an issue, right in our bed, right in our bed, your paper loves our beds. Send it in. Send it in. And, and, and, and just don't, don't sit back. Okay. I'm sorry. Thank you. You know, we, we've got to close Queens. Oh, we have to do this again. We have to do it again. But in closing, I would like to not only thank you ladies, but I would like to spend, send a special message out to George Floyd's daughter because you know Father's Day is coming soon. So we want to let her know that we love her and she's going to be all right. And thank you.  See you soon. Aloha.


Wheel of Mutt must win scenario, 4-2, what do you think? Tell me, father. Tell me.  Wow, riveting. Appa, 4-2, we have to win this game or we literally go home. What do you think? It is Wednesday, my dudes. Oh, now you wanna talk to the press, huh? Now you wanna talk, now you wanna talk to the media. Dude, where's global? Nova. It's literally about to be the playoffs, Nova. Don't you hide from the media? Don't you hide from the media? Nova, give us your input. Mega, tell us what you think. Wheel of Mutt, win or go home, take us to the playoffs. I'm gonna snort a line and I'll see you at the chair, baby. Three, two, one. Wheel of Mutt. And we're into the playoffs, one more loss and our whole season resets. We are right on the brink. Now, at one point in time, we were wanting two. So we have won three straight games, but it's this fourth game that's the most important. If you take a look at our offense, we built quite the squad. Got our prestige wide receiver, Jamar Chase. Got Jerry Rice the goat. Got John Mechie. In the backfield, we've got 84 Fred Taylor, a deceptively good card, 87 Kenny Pickett and 81 Franco Harris. At tight end, we have limited 87 overall Mike Gasicki and our offensive line is pretty much rounded out. We also got Quentin Nelson, who's a stud. On defense, our standout players are 87 Leonard Williams, Big Cat, 86 Wright and Nick Bosa, 86 Strong Safety Derwent James and Trenton Simpson, an insanely good user that we picked up last episode. It's also on my franchise, but dude, 85 speed, 88 Excel, 80 change your direction, 6-2. I love this card. Hey, let's get right into it, boys. Here is the first wheel spin of the biggest game of our first season. We need this one. Oh, yes! Team Wheeljack Bud. So that's any single player in the game, past or present, but they must be a Raider. No, a Patriot. Their Patriots don't have much, but I forgot about this. Dude, one of the best hat bags in this game, is Raimandre Stevenson. Dude, I feel so weird getting rid of Fred Taylor though. I really do. There's actually two 87s, and I have one of them. That's Mike Gasicki. What about 88s, 89s? Oh, wait a minute. Oh! Dude, this like, I don't need this, but I want this so bad. Look at his blocking stats are even nasty. I actually really want that. Logan Mankins is probably like technically better for my team. Juju, we don't need. Dude, I almost want to take Gronk and Prestigeum. Oh dude, if Gronk was like one of my all-time tight ends or he could even be tight end two if he ever gets outdated. It's Gronk or Raimandre Stevenson, I guess. I want Gronk on my team so bad. I just, I want him. The best option here is actually Logan Mankins. Like I really should take Logan Mankins, but I'm not. I'm doing this. I'm taking Gronk to take us to the playoffs. Let me compare him to Mike. Dude, I have so many players for Kenny Pickett to throw to. So he's faster than Gasicki. He's just as tall. He's heavier. He's stronger. He has better everything. And he blocks like, look at that. Plus 27 on the blocking stats. I'm doing it. What is his AKAX factor? Cause all these AKA cards get a really good X factor.  Vanguard.  Dude, he's like Christian Okoye from last year. So he gets the Vanguard AKA upgrade, which I believe it just charges up a little bit faster. Dominantly win impact block. Technically, I think I could put him at fullback in I formation and he could use Vanguard the same way Okoye did last year. That Okoye was one of my favorite cards last year. If I make the Super Bowl, I prestige Gronk cause I can always put him at fullback. A lot of these abilities would be good on him. I'm just going to give him match up Nightmare. I'm going to give him arm bar.  Dude, I feel bad for Mike Kasicki. I got like a limited tight end and I just benched him. I think that was the right call, man. I can't wait to see that Gronk at fullback. Oh, that's going to make me excited. Whoo. All right, y'all, our next wheel spin. Ooh, receiver minigame 25K per tier. We haven't gotten any of these spins yet. So this will be fun. So obviously you guys know in Madden 24, they brought back these fun little minigames. I get to pick one receiver minigame and I get 25,000 coins to spend on one player per tier. So it doesn't look like I get to pick. I am just Justin Jefferson. I just have to catch the ball.  I don't actually know why I did that like that. I think I got nervous. So long as you catch every ball, you will get gold on this. Let's go for a 400. Let's take it to him. Okay, he's shading me outside. I got no choice. Okay, this is good. So long as I stay clean here, take him inside, take him out. Good. Not quite 400, but I'm at time six. I literally just have to not mess this up. Keep it simple. Yes, money. Whoa, that was 200 though. This is fine. This might actually be gold right here. Is it?  Final rump. I'm on silver. That's 50K. Got to catch one more football. Good. Good. Good. Ah! Wide receiver battle, red zone attack. We got the gold. So 75,000 coins to spend on one player. What position do we need the most?  I'd prefer like a legitimate right tackle. So what I could do is I could move back to the left tackle since he's supposed to be an 84 overall. And then I could pick up my own right tackle. That's probably the best move. Say I was a good outside linebacker. Eddie Jackson's actually kind of a liability. Eddie Jackson's a bit of a liability. That's an 81 speed free safety. I actually think I should probably go free safety. Can you get an 86, 87, 84, 85 should be doable. Looks like our options are Tyran Matthew, Kevin Byard, oh, and Reed. Can I pick up an 85? 85s are just out of my reach. But 84 at Reed's gotta be good, right? Yeah, 84 speed, 85 excel. That is significantly better than Eddie Jackson. 60,000 coins for Ed Reed. New free safety. We got two legends today. Drunk and Ed Reed. Hey, we sort of free safety. We get drunk at tight end. If I can fix my right tackle right now, this would be a, oh my God. Did I get two AKA 84s? I don't think there's a single AKA offensive lineman. Unfortunately. Otherwise that would have been really nice. I think prime time is actually a really obvious pick here. This is such a good 84 overall corner. I would love to have this on my team. Like we're currently starting Charverius Ward, and he's okay, but prime is better in almost every single category. Other than press, press is the big one that prime's not good in, but I don't really press cover that often. This is one we're taking for sure. And I'm actually gonna go double DB here. I know the spin says two AKA 84s. I wrote it that way because I thought every AKA drop would be 84s, but this drop was 85s. It really means the low tier of AKA players.  I love a DB upgrade. CB one, I'm gonna make prime time. CB two, I'm gonna make Patrick Peterson. I'm taking out CJ Gardner Johnson. CB three, I'm putting in the 81 Eric Stokes, the budget beast corner. He's so good. Charverius Ward can be CB four. And here's the good thing right here is I can move CJ Gardner Johnson to my backup strong safety and I can potentially use her Derwin James. I'm nervous, but I'm excited. Defense looking excellent. And then on offense, we got Rob Gronkowski. I can't believe I did that. And honestly, like why would I replace Fred Dailey? He's been so good. Abilities look great. Everybody's ready to ball out. And it's the biggest game here, boys. And of course the challenge wheel.  This is such a big game that I don't know. Okay, okay. I can actually think about this. 150 plus rushing yards. That is a lot of rushing yards. We got Grog Pickett and Jerry Rice in the top three. A new contender. He's got Bryson Caleb Murphy. Bryson Caleb Murphy, Junior Seya. Oh, it's my first time. I think this is my first time with these unis on. All I know is we gotta have a good game. Cadarius Tony, I'm surprised he caught that ball. We don't have to go there. To be honest, I thought that was gonna be a fumble. Big six. Big, big, big, big, big game. Five wide to kick this off. Let's guess pass. Makes it easy for us. That tight end is open. Same thing, but I'm blitzing this time. Second and four, Leonard Williams.  Let's go get the QB. Same route out of the tight end. I'm on it this time. I'm on it this time. Let's go. Clamped it up and he throws a bad ball. Let's get a stop to start this. He's going for it. You know he's going for it. He ran no huddle. Okay, we're dropping it to full pass, bro. Come on, slip screen. He just ran slip screen and got it. I can't believe that. I thought that big hit might have done it. First in 10. Resets the downs. He might throw here. Oh. Second in 10. He's got two in the backfield. This could be a run, I guess. I don't know this. I don't know this set out to a slip screen again. You're not gonna get me twice with it. I'll tell you that. A loan up. These blitzes are all disguised. I'm gonna guess pass here. Oh, I'm gonna fly. You're sacked, Bryce Young. You have to know it. He's not. Great tackle. Our prestige safety. It's fourth and five. Over the middle. There's nothing. Oh. Oh no. I'm right there. I need lurker. Two fourth down pickups already. The commanders are fighting. But I can't stop him right now. He's gonna go with the handoff this time. Trenton, shift in. I can't believe I'm saying this. But can I give a little bit of credit to EA on the physics? I don't know if I've ever seen. Like, look at Durbin. He's laying down and he reaches his arm out for it. I mean, that's how it's supposed to be. But this is mad at what he's talking about.  Dude, I'm used to every fumble.  First in 10. I see that's such a bad ball, Matt. Oh my God.  Would you like lock in? I need 150 plus rushing yards. I need to remember that. Looks like he's leaving this. This is available. Oh yeah. Couldn't get around Edry. Third and seven. That first play was such a waste. Jairus. He's just unbeatable on that. So he sees Gronk, but he doesn't see Fred Taylor. Ooh, I love you Fred Taylor. 55 catching. Don't forget it. The only thing is I have like no rushing yards right now. And I do want to get my challenge. 150 plus. So let's hand this puppy out. Wait for your blockers. Nice. I'm gone. I'm gone. Oh my God. You see that patience? You wait for your blocker. You juke.  And then you go for two.  Jerry Rice Out route. It's there. And if it's not there, Ligma. We're going to figure it out. Is it there? Okay, I said Ligma. We're going to figure it out.  I had the half back. I had that. I don't care. All right. My ego got to me there. I'm not going to lie to you boys. My ego got to me there a little bit. But there he is. Boney. No. No. Not him man. Anybody. Flag down. Who? Who just made the play of the game? You dog. That was actually monster dude. He's not guaranteed to touchdown at all. A draw out of triple up. That's not. I respect it. Honestly. That's pretty good play too. I assume he can literally pass out of this. Oh yeah. We have our assignments. Ed reads on the half back. I'm back on Trenton Simpson. Oh yeah. Get home. There's no way you didn't. Don't you throw that. I thought he was sacked. I don't know how Williams didn't get him. Third and sixth.  Let's just lock up. Passing here. Nothing. No. Let's go. Set out the stretcher. That's how you get CT right there. All right. Let's go fourth and sixth. I haven't stopped him on fourth down yet. I'm there. Oh my God. That's so dumb. God, you literally have to have Lurker. I have to have Lurker there. Because look at how close I am.  Every fourth down right now. There's no way that continues. There's no way. Oh, oh, you like kick returns? Huh? You like kick returns?  I did too much running around. But hey, round to the 50 to kick this drive off. Come on, Fred Taylor. We got some rushing yards to get, buddy. Beautiful. Wait, juke left.     I should have had that. Hey, 39 rushing yards though. 39 rushing yards. Play action wide receiver cross. I'm gonna take a little bit of a shot here. It'd be real nice if he's a man. I coulda, don't take our rushing yards, actually. Good God, he legitimately dropped 10. Yeah, 10. 10 into coverage. And shout out my own line. My own line actually pancakes there. There's no way he does that again. I think now he'll probably does run man coverage. And we hit Jerry Rice on the whip route.   Here I was at Harry. Not it, not it, not it. Who's he got in there on defense? Caleb Murphy, Reggie White, Jr. say out. I don't know if I wanna go at Reggie White. I will go at the middle though. Second goal, power football. Great block. Damn. Third and goal. Do I really try and power this through? Let's go.  Fred Taylor! Believe in the run. Two point aversion, like I said. I'm gonna believe in the motherfucking run, baby. Frank O'Harris off the trampoline.   Do you guys remember moon boots? Moonshoes, moonshoes, moonshoes. Can't power an antique gravity shoe. First in 10, I swear to God, if you convert one more fourth down, I might just, I might just tilt out of existence. Nothing over the middle.  Oh!  Does he have quick draw? I swear he's gotta have quick draw. No, he does it. Oh, he does. He does have quick draw. Okay, that's exactly right there is why you run quick draw. So that you don't. I'm sticking with it. Ooh!  Yummy! Third and 10. I shouldn't go manboids. This has not worked out for me yet. He's got the half back. He doesn't. Oh my God. Here we go. Can I stop him on fourth down? Shit, he might rage quit if I get this. We're just going raw coverage.  Wait a minute. That was a galaxy brain pitch. I am here! This game is over! Oh, and Madden Ultimate Team. Survive the playoffs. We actually made it boys! Let's go! Yo, by the way, I've seen your guys' comments where people say something like, bro, you can't just post half a game. What do you want me to do? I don't mean this to be rude, but if I force a rage chord, that's awesome for Wheel of Muck. I wish everybody played every single game all the way to the end, but I have no control over that. But I will say, oh my God, my heart was beating, bro. Huge win. All right, so we lock in Gronk. We lock in Ed Reed, Primetime, Pat P. They're in James with a huge fumble recovery and Trenton Simpson played out of his mind. I did make a mistake with him, but other than that, played really, really well overall with Trenton Simpson and that's a ballgame right there, boys. Couldn't complete our challenge. Didn't have quite enough time to get those rushing yards. I have a feeling we could have got it. We were starting to go off with Fred Taylor and you guys have seen a lot of this. This is very rare. I don't see the rage group wheel this off here. There are seasons where I never see it. And then of course, there's seasons where I see it all the time, but you guys see it one more time. 83 to 84 choice. So any 83, 84 overall player in the game, maybe I take a right tackle here and I can move Bakhtiari to left tackle. Gonna bolster our offensive line a little bit here. An 84 right tackle. Does that even exist in this game? Oh, there's tons of options. Tevin Jenkins, Ryan Ramchik, Dan Dierdorf. We'll go Tevin Jenkins. We'll show Bears fans a little bit of love here. That's a solid card. So Bakhtiari can come out for Tevin Jenkins who's now playing in the correct position and Ikea Kwanu will come out for David Bakhtiari and that sticks us at an 83 overall. Let's go, boys. The very next episode you guys see is going to be the playoffs. And I'm doing something different for this year's Wheel of Mud. In the playoffs, I'm only getting two wheel spins but those wheel spins are juiced. So it's slightly better wheel spins but I only get two of them. We'll see how it plays out. I wanted to try it out and I think it'll be fun. And I think it makes perfect sense because as I look at this team, we obviously do have some holes. Center and right guard could certainly be better. My MLB two could be better. My D tackle two could be better. I could upgrade Eric Stokes. But overall, this team is actually pretty solid. I think three wheel spins throughout the playoffs might just be a little too much. Either way, massive win today. I'm sorry, it couldn't be longer. I love you, boys. Another huge dub. I'll see you in the playoffs. Let's get it, baby. Peace out, y'all.