Welcome back to this NPTEL course on game theory. In the last lecture, we have seen some examples of non-zero sum games, both finite as well as continuous games. Now, we will formally define the non-zero sum game and the Nash equilibrium. So, let us start defining the non-zero sum games. So, here there are 2 players. So, they have their strategy spaces S1 and S2 and the payoff functions, the player 1's payoff functions is given by pi 1, which is a function from S1 cross S2 to R. Similarly, player 2 has a payoff function which is pi 2 from S1 cross S2 to R. Now, the players are choosing their decisions in S1 which maximizes their payoff functions. Like in zero sum games, the payoff of player 1 also depends on choice of player 2. So, therefore, the issue comes. So, here what is the definition of a Nash equilibrium? So, Nash equilibrium is a pair of strategies, let us say X star, Y star, they belongs to S1 cross S2 such that when player 2 has fixed at Y star, X star should maximize player 1's payoff. This should happen for all X in S1. Similarly, when player 1 fixes X star, Y star should maximize player 2's payoff. So, these are the 2 conditions that defines a Nash equilibrium. In fact, if you look back the examples, this is exactly what we have used it and one of the player fixes his strategy the other player whatever he chooses should maximize it. So, in a sense, what you are really saying here is that when a player let us say player 2 fixes Y star for player 1 deviating from X star is not profitable. And similarly, if player 1 fixes at X star, player 1 deviating from Y star is not profitable to him. So, this unilateral deviations are not profitable to the players. So, this defines the notion of Nash equilibrium. This is introduced by John Nash and this has become a major tool in economics and many, many other fields. Once we define this Nash equilibrium, now the whole question that comes here is that does there exist a Nash equilibrium? And even before Nash equilibrium, how is this different from saddle point equilibrium? A zero sum game. Now, let us look at a zero sum game. In a zero sum game, player 1 maximizes pi XY, player 2 minimizes the same. In other words, what we have is that pi 1 of XY is nothing but pi XY for pi 2, it is simply minus of pi XY. So, any zero sum game is in that sense is a non-zero sum game with a special property that the sum of the two payoffs is 0. So, now if I write down the definition of a Nash equilibrium, what we will get here is that pi 1 XY star is less than equals to pi 1 XY star. This is nothing but pi XY star less than equals to pi XY star. This is the first inequality that we have in the definition of saddle point equilibrium. Now, look at this particular thing. If I look at that, what it says is that pi 2 XY.  This is less than equals to minus pi of X star Y star.  This is true for every Y in S2. So, if I combine this inequality and then the previous inequality, what we have is exactly the definition of a saddle point equilibrium. So, Nash equilibrium automatically encompasses the definition of saddle point equilibrium. So, once we know that the saddle point equilibrium is exactly same as Nash equilibrium for zero sum games. So, now we will start seeing given a game whether a saddle point equilibrium exists or not, not saddle point Nash equilibrium. Now, like in zero sum games, we do know that we need some conditions to ensure the existence of a saddle point equilibrium. Likewise, because non-zero sum games includes zero sum games, they do require some additional conditions. What are those additional conditions? We will look at them. So, let us see. So, we take the non-zero sum game now. So, the payoff functions S1, S2 are the strategies of player 1. So, we assume S1 is compact and convex, same with S2 compact and convex subsets of Euclidean space. The payoff functions pi 1 x, y, this is a function from S1 cross S2 to R and similarly pi 2, this is a function from S1 cross S2 to R, both have to be continuous. In the zero sum games, in the x variable we assume them that to be concave in y variable we assumed convex. Now, here look at the pi 1 is required only by player 1. This is only for player 1, it does not matter how it behaves with respect to y. So, what we really want is that pi 1 as a function of x should be concave for each fixed y. Similarly, pi 2 as a function for second player should be again concave for each fixed x and s, x is in S1, y is in S2. Pi 1 should be concave in x variable, pi 2 should be concave in y variable. So, these are the assumptions that we require. So, these are all the assumptions. Now, we will prove our main theorem existence under the above assumptions there exist Nash equilibrium. So, let us prove this. So, like in zero sum games, we have to use the fixed point theorem. Of course, in zero sum games we did not use fixed point theorem, we have used the convexity properties. But in a non-zero sum games, we are forced to use the fixed point theorem, the fixed point theorem that we are going to use is known as Brauer fixed point theorem, which we have discussed already in the combinatorial games. In fact, we have used the game of hex to prove the Brauer fixed point theorem in two dimensions. But we assume that result for n dimensions, we would not go into proving the n dimensional theorem. In fact, the hex can be extended to give a proof in n dimensions as well. So, let me recall Brauer fixed point theorem, let K be compact and convex subset of some Euclidean space and f from K to K is a continuous function. Then there exists x in K such that fx is a exactly x. So, such a point x is known as a fixed point theorem, fixed point and Brauer fixed point theorem is a very, very important result. And of course, this Brauer fixed point theorem assumes that the K to be a compact and convex subset of some Euclidean space. It is a finite dimensional result. In an infinite dimension, analogous results do exist. Let us not worry about them. So, now let us go to the proof. Now let us look at the payoff functions. So, fix x bar in S1 y bar in S2. Now consider pi 1 x comma y, x comma y bar plus mod x minus x bar. I can put a square here. So, now this is a continuous function. So, look at this function and I would like to look at the r max over x in S1, pi 1 x comma y bar plus mod x minus x bar square. And as a function of x, I already know that pi 1 is a concave function in x and mod x minus x bar square. Here is a small error here. It has to be minus to make it concave. This is also a concave function. This is also a concave function minus x minus x bar is a concave. So, therefore, this is a concave function. And in fact, this Butler term forces strict concavity. We have already discussed about the strict concavity convexity. So, therefore, this function as a function of x, the maximum exists and the maximizer is unique. Therefore, there exists unique x prime in S1 such that pi 1 x prime comma y bar minus mod x prime minus x bar square is nothing but maximum x in S1 pi 1 x y bar minus mod x minus x bar square. There exists a unique x prime. The uniqueness comes from the strict concavity and this is a convex function concave function and hence the maximizer do exist. So, everything is fine. So, for a fixed, I have fixed already x bar and y bar. I have picked this x prime. The next, I will similarly I look at this pi 2 x bar phi minus y minus y bar square and I look at maximizing over y in S2 of this. Once again, in y, the function pi 2 is a concave and mod y minus y bar is convex and minus of it is concave. So, therefore, this is a concave function and minus mod y minus y bar square makes it strict. Therefore, this is a strict concave function. And therefore, there exists unique y prime in S2 such that pi 2 x bar y prime minus mod y prime minus y bar square is nothing but max y in S2 of this quantity whatever is written there. Now, we have a function. Now, x bar y bar going to x prime y prime. Look at this. Let me denote this by a function phi. So, therefore, phi is a function from S1 cross S2 to S1 cross S2. We have a function from S1 cross S2 into S1 cross S2 defined by x bar y bar going to x prime y prime. What are x prime y prime? x prime is defined as the unique minimizer of this strict concave function and y prime is defined as the unique minimizer of this strict concave function. And this maximizers this for if I as I change x bar and y bar they move continuously. So, in fact, this is an exercise from analysis, real analysis it says that phi is a continuous function. Once we know that the phi is a continuous function what is going to happen? Because S1 in S2 are convex and compact therefore S1 cross S2 is also a convex and compact sets. Therefore, and they are all you need to finite dimension spaces the Brauer fixed point theorem tells you that there exists a fixed point.  Now, let us rewrite what exactly it says recall this if I x bar is x star, y bar is y star then x prime is also x star, y prime is also x star. So, I have to use that here in this thing. So, let us write that. So, pi x star, y star minus mod x is pi 1 x star minus x star square. So, the when I put x bar is and y bar is x star and y star. So, this is y star, this is y star, this is x star and then x star should maximize it that means pi 1 x star y star minus x star minus x star square should be same as maximum of that. This should be same as maximum x in S1 of pi 1 x comma y star minus x minus x star square.   Now, the interesting thing that would like to point out here is that since x star is maximizing this quantity, let us assume everything is nice that means the pi 1 is a smooth function if we take it, pi 1 is a continuously differentiable function if we take it, what is going to happen intuitively is that the derivative of pi 1 at x star, y star in the variable x star minus the derivative of x minus x star square that is going to be 2 into x minus x star, but at x star that is going to be 0. Therefore, this is going to be 0. This immediately tells you that when you fix y star, pi 1 also has a maximizer at x star because pi 1 is a concave function in x star, the first order condition is also sufficient, but this is all assuming several conditions. For example, x star has to be an interior point and other kind of issues, but this is an intuition. So, essence of this intuition is that x star not only maximizes this pi 1 x y star minus mod x minus x star square, it also maximizes pi 1 x y star. So, how do we prove this fact? So, let us prove this. So, goal is to prove x star maximizes pi 1 x y star. So, how do we prove it? So, let us take some point x from S1 and also take a number lambda in this open interval 0, 1 and look at lambda x plus 1 minus lambda x star. So, this is a convex combination of x and x star and both x and x star are in S1. Therefore, this belongs to S1. Now, x star is by the definition of x star, x star maximizes this entire quantity.  So, this is what we have it. Now, this particular term we know that this function pi 1 is convex in the in this variable and similarly let us look at what this particular term is going to be. If we look at it this term that is nothing but lambda x plus x star minus lambda x star. So, there is a missing term here minus x star square that is a missing term there.   So, therefore using that concavity and this term this entire inequality can be rewritten as follows. Therefore, this lambda pi 1 x y star plus 1 minus lambda pi 1 x star y star that is smaller than this one and then the minus of that that is minus lambda square mod x minus x star square this is less than or equals to pi 1 x star y star. So, now once this equation is there so there is a pi 1 x star y star there is again pi 1 x star with 1 here. So, these 2 get cancelled. So, if we remove that Butler thing what we have is lambda pi 1 x y star minus lambda square mod x minus x star square which is less than or equals to this minus lambda pi 1 x star y star comes to the right hand side that becomes pi 1 x star y star. Now, if we look at it in all the terms there is a lambda factor. So, divide by lambda to get pi 1 x y star minus lambda mod x minus x star square this is less than or equals to pi 1 x star y star. Now, lambda in open 0 1 this is arbitrary therefore, let lambda decrease to 0 lambda go to 0 this immediately gives us that pi 1 x y star less than or equals to pi 1 x star y star. And now again x in S 1 is arbitrary. So, because x is an arbitrary this immediately tells you that x star maximizes pi 1 x y star. Therefore, x star is now maximizing pi 1 x y star. Therefore, what we have is pi 1 x star y star is greater than or equals to pi 1 x y star for all x in S 1. A similar procedure with pi 2 similar procedure with pi 2 we will actually get pi 2 x star y star is bigger than or equals to pi 2 x star y this will happen for any y in S 2. This is exactly the definition of Nash equilibrium. This implies x star y star is Nash equilibrium. This proves the existence of Nash equilibrium of this game where the payoffs are given by pi 1 pi 2 and pi 1 is concave in x pi 2 is concave in y and of course, we have to assume that they are jointly continuous. Now, I would like to point out the most common method that people use here is using what is known as best responses. So, let me introduce that. So, we have this game with strategy sets S 1, S 2, pi 1, pi 2 are the payoff functions. It is a non-zero sum game that we have. The best response of player 1 when player 2 fixes y is nothing but set of all x in S 1 such that pi 1 x y is nothing but max x prime in S 1 pi 1 x prime y. Similarly, the best response of second player when player 1 fixes x is all y in S 2 such that pi 2 x y is max y prime in S 2 of pi 2 x y prime. Now, because of the concavity assumption, all these best response sets are convex, both Br 1 y and Br 2 x are convex under the assumptions pi 1 is concave in x, pi 2 is concave in y. Therefore, this defines a map. Let me put it this thing x comma y going to Br 1 of y cross Br 2 of x. So, what kind of map? Any point x comma y pair of points are taken to a sets here. These are subsets of S 1 cross S 2. So, these are the multi-valued maps. So, here the common approach that people follow here is to show that this Butler map satisfies certain assumptions of a theorem called Kakotani fixed point theorem. We need this certain continuity properties of this set-valued map which I will not go through. So, but our proof has an advantage that we do not need to worry about a set-valued map. This is just simply a normal continuous functions and Brouwer fixed point theorem is sufficient. In fact, the same ideas can be extended to an infinite dimensional spaces where the Brouwer fixed point theorem has to be replaced with appropriate fixed point theorem infinite dimensions. Here what helps us is shorter fixed point, which we will not go into the details. So, we will only stop here. The next thing we would like to ask is what happens by matrix games? Now, in the zero sum games we have seen that the matrix games, you can actually prove the Minmax theorem, the von Neumann Minmax theorem using nice convexity ideas. Can we really prove something like that here? The proof using just fair convexity ideas is not that easy, but we will prove a proof, we will provide a proof which is due to Nash in the next session where we also discuss some other properties of this Nash equilibrium. With this we stop this session, we will continue in the next session.


How do you persuade someone to stop bombing civilian areas? Not to recruit children as soldiers or that they shouldn't raid villages to pillage the only food supply. There has never been a greater need for effective advocacy for the protection of civilians in conflict and crisis. But how do we do this protection advocacy? What skills and techniques can we use? How can we identify decision makers? What tactics work? And how can we manage risks? Welcome to the Advocating for Protection podcast where we bring you the real experiences of advocates in conflict and crisis. In each episode, you'll hear from those who are lobbying in the corridors of the UN buildings in New York. Those who are face to face with armed actors at the front line of conflict zones and everything in between. They will tell us about their personal experiences, their successes, but also the challenges and how they overcame them. This podcast comes to you from the Global Protection Cluster's Advocacy Working Group. Please be aware that it contains discussions of violence, abuse and exploitation faced by civilians in conflict and crisis. Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of the Advocating for Protection podcast. My name is Vittorio Infante and I work at Oxfam International as EU Conflict and Humanitarian Advisor. And I'm joined today by two colleagues from Ukraine. Oksana Geddes from the Organization Right to Protection based in Lviv. I'm Oksana Geddes and I serve as a advocacy coordinator at the Right to Protection Charitable Foundation. It's leading an Ukrainian national human rights and humanitarian organization and the UNHCR partner, dedicating to supporting conflict affected populations, refugees, stateless persons and engaging in disaster risk reduction efforts. And Irina Chayka from the Legal Development Network and today she's joining us from Central Ukraine. I'm Irina Chayka and I'm from the Legal Development Network where I serve as the Organizational Development Director and our organization unites 22 organizations from all over Ukraine. We provide legal services as well as we deal with humanitarian issues since February 24. Fantastic and welcome again to you both. How did you get into the kind of legal and protection work in the humanitarian setting? And also how is that connected to your own personal experience of living in Ukraine after the 24th of February 2022 invasion? I started my legal job almost 15 years ago and firstly I worked with people from Kharkiv region who needed some free legal aid and we went to local communities worked with local authorities and we tried to learn people's needs. And then after the COVID pandemic started I decided to change my work from the state organization and I turned to NGO to the Legal Development Network and here I started the wonderful journey with grassroots initiatives and with the local organizations to provide legal services so precise to that people who need them. So the service provision during the pandemic was a real challenge for me because we couldn't provide the service in person. We had to find some way how to connect with people in villages where there is no internet connection or we are whereas mobile operators which work in Poland for example. So it was the challenge and when we overcame that then started the full-scale invasion. I remember the day before February 24 I was sitting with my baby it was just one month and a half and I was planning a Zoom with my colleagues. We had to plan an advocacy campaign in small territory communities. So the aim was that the local authorities provide money and human resources to build up the legal service in the community. And we were planning that and one of my colleagues said that it is possible that we don't meet tomorrow. It was a real joke for me. I couldn't believe that but the early morning we woke up because of missiles were striking infrastructure in Harkin. That's a very telling experience that as a human rights advocate you had first to contend with the lockdown and all the challenges that that created and then on top of that came this huge problem with the conflict and in particular the targeting of civilians with heavy weaponry like artillery, missiles. So thanks for sharing that Irina. I am sure that that must have been very very difficult to contend with. And I wonder in what way has that then changed your trajectory both personally as a humanitarian practitioner and also for the organization for the legal development network. So the first six or seven hours I don't remember we were relocating from our flat to the parking and then we started with my colleagues activities to provide our staff in different oblasts of Ukraine evacuation packages for them. We found places our colleagues can come to. We found drivers who can take these people from the occupied territories and let them go to the Ukrainian controlled territories. We also tried to provide some psychological help to our colleagues because we had some of them with little babies in big cities. And then we understood it was the second or the third day of the full invasion, I believe. We understood that in the communities in the west of Ukraine where we were relocated in we have to provide not legal services, some humanitarian services. We started with housing banks. We went to small villages. We went to flat owners in cities. We asked them to give their contacts and to provide their flats and houses for IDPs. In the first week we had more than 100 contacts and places where people could find the place for them. Then we started to gather the IDPs in the communities and to talk to them in order they didn't have this trauma syndrome. They could see the people with the same experience. Then two months or three months later we started to help the IDPs to find jobs. So we gave them the opportunity to learn a new profession. The people who were some mechanicals or who worked in some plants they became SMM specialists or they became cookers. Then we tried to integrate them in the life of the local communities. That's excellent to hear. I think it also is quite inspiring how you went from the provision of legal aid to becoming a full-fledged humanitarian actor. That's what happens when crisis and conflict starts. The community mobilizes and based on what's happening on the ground they roll up their sleeves and they work all together to find solutions. Going back to Xenia, how about you? What has been your experience as a humanitarian professional and how is that reflected on the work as well of right to protection? I need to confess that I'm in new to this area at all because before the full-scale invasion I had a thriving career as a partner of a law firm and as a lawyer practicing in corporate IT contracts, tax law and court practice. However, everything has changed on February 24th, 2022 and while witnessing the human suffering and devastation caused by war of aggression of Russian Federation deeply affected me. I could not simply stand aside or be indifferent to the plight of conflict-affected populations so I felt some kind of profound call to serve to make a difference to offer help and compassion to people affected by the war. From the first days I became actively involved in some volunteering efforts providing food, preparing food, providing clothes, medicine, opening my apartment for displaced persons. Additionally, I completed paramedic courses so I could provide some essential medical assistance to people injured by the war. Finally, I adopted two dogs that were left behind in the water areas of Harkiv and Herzog. To be honest, I consider myself incredibly fortunate to have joined R2P Charitable Foundation and I lovingly named our team like Dream Team because our organization comprises people who are brave, resilient, with kind hearts and selfless desire to help to assist those who are suffering from the consequences of the war. Hearing the two of you speak I think it's remarkable to say the least you know how on the basis of your legal background you then got involved as I was just saying in frontline response first-hand support to the community, to the individuals who have been made homeless and displaced by the war or affected in any other ways. I mean you were saying for example how important it became to provide communities and displaced individuals with job opportunities, housing, opening up your apartment. As you've done, Senya, I'm not surprised that it has had a very big impact both on your organizations but also on a deeper personal level. So if we wanted to zoom out and looking at the wider context so we have 6.5 million refugees in neighboring countries as well as other parts of Europe and we have about 5.4 million internally displaced people. So in terms of the key problems that you're trying to solve both as R2P and legal development network can you tell us you know what are maybe one or two issues that your organization is focusing on and how you're trying to kind of solve those problems as well as humanitarians? I need to say that now like after the full-scale invasion of Russian Federation R2P operates in 22 regions over a thousand co-workers. So after the armed aggression in 2022 R2P changed its structure launching new aid direction for IDPs and conflict-affected populations. Its mental health and psychological support, social protection, camp coordination and camp management, CCCM, CASH program and Incider assistance. Moreover after them destruction on June 6, 2023 we launched mobile team to Herson which consists of our colleagues who provide psychological support, legal aid, social services and protection monitoring. So I believe that the main issue that we need to address as a result of full-scale invasion is first of all access to basic services such as medical services, social protection, employment, education, access to documentation for example by establishing administrative procedure for people who were born on temporarily occupied territories to obtain documents like for example birth certificates. And we also need to address the challenges of housing destruction, all the housing issues because we do understand that 130,000 people are living in collective sites and our monitoring show that these places are not equipped with proper conditions. For example, a lot of them are not equipped for people with disabilities, for families with children and it's a real problem. And one more thing, it's the necessity to provide resources and transparent procedure for compensation for destroyed housing and procedure for compensation for injuries caused by war. I would like to reflect on that. Aksana said according to the basic services and meeting basic needs. So let's have a look at how an IDP moves from his or her home to another community. So when an IDP comes to a new place, this person is disoriented, the person is traumatized. In the most cases, this person doesn't get the appropriate flat or house. The person doesn't know where he or she can get money from, where to get some services and so on. Our mission here is to develop an infrastructure for IDPs in the communities. As I mentioned, we developed housing banks in communities in three oblasts of Ukraine and we have back offices to administrate these housing banks. So we have people can call and ask for housing. We communicate and coordinate with other humanitarian organizations who provide some humanitarian needs as food needs or medical needs or baby needs or whatever the person needs. But the problem here is that the human-terrain aid providers sometimes don't know precisely what their beneficiaries need. So we had a situation one week ago. We went to McLeod and Heerson Oblasts and we were in little communities. Near our car was driving four, three other organizations' cars and the workers of the humanitarian organizations who came to these people, they asked them, so what are your needs? People listed some more materials for rebuilding houses, some more clothes and so on. And these workers left the communities and some time is gone but the people didn't get any feedback. And the people from our perspective, they get once again traumatized and they lose the trust to any humanitarian or other service providers. So we try to deal with that. We try to coordinate with the aid providers in order to know what resources, what materials for people they have. What needs can we meet at once? For example, we know that Organization A has some medical kids and we see an old woman who needs some medicines so we connect with that Organization A and just ask for these kids the woman get them in one or two days and so she's happy her needs are met. Then we work with local authorities. In two communities we have real results when the local authorities have enough capacity to build the service and we have to expertise how these services can be built. In these two communities we have programs for finding working places for IDPs for housing. So the local authority now is looking for houses and flats, not we. We are just back office to administrate this process but the local authority is the leader now. We also have hostels for IDPs where they can find temporary place and so a short time to recover to find their place in this community. What strikes me is this element around, for example, access to basic services which are crucial for anyone in ordinary times and even more so at the times of conflict and crisis, right? You need to know whether you can get access to a doctor if your children can go to school, if you can get a job or if you cannot get if you have any kind of social support offered by the state. I wondered now if you could tell me a little bit about how do you work with those state institutions who look after those services and understanding how do you build a relationship with those institutions and what kind of advocacy has worked better? Is it more like a collaboration or a partnership or is it more oriented towards keeping decision makers accountable so doing scrutiny of the decisions and so on? I believe that it's very important to establish proper collaboration with state authorities. For example, R2P is a member of Coordination Quarter for Protection of IDPs' Rights. So we have every Friday meetings with representatives of all state authorities reveal pending problems, pending needs of conflict-affected populations and to address them immediately, urgently. Also R2P is a member of different task force working groups for elaborating necessary legal drafts, laws and by-laws. So, for example, R2P was participating in drafting legislation for housing assistance for IDPs. We were drafting also regulations like jointly with Ombudsman Office and representatives of Ministry of Reintegration, TCM Cluster and UNHCR. We were having such kind of task force for drafting this regulation on collective sites to ensure minimal standards for dignified conditions for IDPs in collective sites, providing social services for conflict-affected populations and vulnerable groups. And as well, we very closely working in the field with local authorities to establish some capacity-building activities for them to make local authorities able to address immediate needs of displaced people. How do we work with the local authorities? A very interesting question because it was our aim since 2009. We developed the organizational capacity of our member organizations to provide legal services and to collaborate with the local authorities before February 24. Our collaboration was about legal services provision. But since February 24, we talk about the IDPs' needs and our form of collaboration looks now like our member organizations and the legal development network provide some social service or we talk to people, for example, during some focus groups. We find out what are the people needs, where these people came from. In our communities, we know how many people are from what communities, what are their plans, do they want to come back home or do they want to stay in this community. Then we come to the local authority and we suggest an action plan to provide these people, these IDPs with legal, humanitarian, psychological aid, maybe with financing of the community on these resources. Talking about some advocacy campaigns, we try to have an advocacy team which is represented by a local organization, by the national organization and we also have some actors, for example, from public sectors or from other big NGOs or charity foundations who can be a third part and help to find the appropriate clue to the local authority. Eksenia, you talked about influencing national legislation and reminding as well your authorities about what are the critical gaps or needs of collective sites and what people expect to find in those collective sites as well as basic services. As you were saying, Irina, how has that kind of advocacy worked when you partnered, for example, with international mechanisms like the protection cluster or you mentioned the camp management cluster, is there an added value of working with other actors and coordinating with them? When we started working with the protection cluster, our local organizations, our member organizations started to collaborate with the IDPs councils in their communities and our work in the protection cluster demonstrates that we have a strong potential to coordinate among all organizations, different services providers to meet a precise need of a concrete person and one of the opportunities which is very important for the LDN now is to build up a kind of a marketplace for different kinds of aid IDPs can get from aid providers. So it could be like the protection cluster unites different service providers. And when we have such a kind of marketplace, we can see what opportunities for people, for example, rebuilding the houses, what materials are available, what medicine, what doctors work or food, what are in the storages, then legal providers, who can we address the person to? And when any actor who is connected to this marketplace comes to a community, comes to an IDP, the person can easily look through the opportunities, find what the person needs, find what he can give this person and just meet the person's needs because I would like to say once again people lose trust to us and in order all our mechanisms, national, local, any mechanisms we try to give to our beneficiaries. In order they work, we have to have the trust from these people to our services, to us as service providers. And I would like to compliment that engaging with the national protection cluster allows organizations to work closely with local authorities and also it provides an access to information, especially if it's information on or challenges that local communities are facing as well as it's a great platform like for research sharing that what Irina said. And it's like the place where representatives from different NGOs could come together, share the information, coordinate their efforts to avoid some kind of overlapping or duplicating. It's also very important. One final question that I have for you is what would you say to other national NGOs that in other settings in other countries might have to do that kind of rapid scale up that both right to protection and the legal development network did. We talked about going from legal aid to providing services in a practical way to also combining that with advocacy. Based on what you learned in the last 18 months what would be one key lesson that you would like to share with our colleagues from the rest of the world if they were to face a similar challenge? I believe that any advocacy should be data-driven and it has to be based on real needs assessment as well as clearly advocacy objectives should be identified. And we need also to emphasize the importance of networking and Alliance building because it definitely helps to build the stronger advocacy initiative and it helps to implement it effectively. So from the Alliance perspective you should know everything about the community you work with so about people, about resources, about the capacities, everything. And as Saxana mentioned data-driven campaigns and data-driven programs for this community. Second, you have to connect to work with organizations with strong capacities both NGOs and local authorities. If there are none of them in this community and that the third point, you need to develop this capacity. Without it there won't be any success in this community. And the fourth and the most important point is that find the way to trust from people to your work. It's very important. So capacity building, data-driven campaigns and the trust. Thank you very much to you both for those final remarks. It's been a very insightful and refreshing experience for me to learn about your work. And I just wanted to thank you both on behalf of the Advocacy Working Group and the Protection Cluster for being a guest on the Advocacy for Protection podcast. So thank you, Xenia and thank you Irina and I wish you good luck with the very valuable and brave work that you're doing. Thank you for the possibility to join the podcast. We are honored to be here. Thank you so much. Thank you so much for these conversations and with hope for future collaboration. Thank you so much. Thank you for listening to this episode of the Advocating for Protection podcast. It's produced by the Global Protection Cluster's Advocacy Working Group, which is co-led by Save the Children in Oxfam and includes members from National and International NGOs and UN agencies. You can find out more information about the Advocacy Working Group on globalprotectioncluster.org. Look out for the Protection Advocacy Toolkit whilst on this website and if you have feedback or suggestions for future episodes, email us at protectionteamatoxfam.org.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaskiescasebreaks.com coming at you with the second half of that rookies and stars case that we popped open the other day, 2021 rookies and panini rookies and stars, football, seven box half case, random team break number two. All cards shipped and we've got rookies and stars in this product. Big thanks to everybody here. A lot of people bought their spots straight up, which I appreciate. Thank you. We only had to do one filler. So if you have a little rooftop symbol next to your name, that means you won that spot. So you can differentiate it from the spots that you purchased right up. All 32 football teams are in. Let's roll it and randomize names and teams three and a three, six the hard way. One, two, three, four, five, and six in final time. Corey down to Corey after six, three and a three hard six. The teams one, two, three, four, five, and sixth and final time. Good luck, everybody. After six, the Jaguars are on top all the way down to the Pittsburgh Steelers. All right.  Titans, Corey with the Dolphins, Adam with the Saints, Amir with the Jets, Kevin Benedict with the Broncos, Washington Commanders, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Baltimore Ravens, Kevin S with the Bears, Kevin B Texans, Amir with the Vikings, Karen with the Packers, Adam with the Colts, Kevin B with the Lions, Michael with the Carolina Panthers, Joel with my Raiders, Eric with the Falcons, Ryan C with the Rams, Corey with the Cardinals, Kevin B with the Bangles, Tim with the Chargers and Corey with the Pittsburgh Steelers. We're going to pause the video and when we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades and then we will have the break. So stick around, BRB. All right. Welcome back. Look at that. There was a deal done. So Ryan is out of the Cleveland spot and into the Carolina spot. Put a T there for trade. Michael is out of the Carolina spot into the Cleveland spot. Brown's for the PC, Mike's saying. All right. And now let's print and rip. The trade window is closed. And Mike Joseph also in the market for a Nick Chubb Kaboom. All right. Now remember, we marked all of those with X's so we know they're the second half of the same case. Good luck, everybody. And thank you for the filth. Here, let's show you the final printout once again. Hot off the press as it's official now once it's printed out. Thank you. And we've got a little ice hockey on in the background. Edmonton at Tampa Bay. Lightning are up one nothing with about four and a half minutes left in the first period. We're finally getting, we're finally getting the NBA season restarted again tomorrow after the all-star break. So it'll be fun to see. All right. Let's see if we can find some fun stuff in here. Good luck, everybody. All cards shipped. And there is a redemption. Any guesses on that redemption? And our first relic is a dual relic. Jamar Chase, Joe Burrow, 129 out of 199. They made a great duo last year. I'm going to need 100's top loader-wise. So that'll be for the Bengals. Kevin B with the B's, the Bengals. Got Micah Parsons to 99 and to 49. We've got DJ Shark.  Hopefully you coaching staff out there will, will unlock his potential. And we got Michael Pittman, Jr. High octane relic, 136 out of 199. And we've got a Derek Henry to 99 for the Titans. Zach Wilson, Rookies and Stars. Action pack to 15 to Marcus Lawrence. It's a nice low-numbered card there. And Callen Monde, eight out of 10 Rookies and Stars autograph using the gold ink on there. Callen Monde, Minnesota, Amir with the Vikings. Now, I've been, there's been some speculation. I don't know how credible it is, but some speculation that maybe the Vikings try to move on from Kirk Cousins. We'll see. There's Rookies and Stars, Aziz Ojalari. All right, no guesses on the redemption. Not well, it is Kyle Pitts. Nice Cousins signatures for Eric J and the ATL. Great rookie campaign for Kyle Pitts. Let's see him keep building upon that. Are the Falcons kind of a low key favorite for to win the NFC South, right? Sean Payton retired in New Orleans. And their quarterback situation is not settled. Tom Brady, I mean, Buccaneers have a pretty good team, but the Brady's not there. Carolina is still kind of rebuilding, right? Is this the last, like, sort of a late career hurrah, last hurrah for Matt Ryan and the Falcons? Are they just a little bit of luck and magic? Is it kind of click? Something happens? Or is that crazy talk? If they have a good draft and a good free agent window. Maybe they think, hey, NFC South kind of up the grabs. Trevor Lawrence and Travis Etienne. Let's see how these, this pair of matches up. This upcoming NFL season. That's for Corey and the Jaguars. Davis Mills in 99. And we've got a action pack, Buddha Baker insert and a Jalen Waddle with David with a goal. Right, a draft class Trevor Lawrence and a Josh Allen to 99. Draft class insert six out of 49 for Corey and the Jaguars. Mike Joseph saying it's not crazy. Maybe the ATL can make a run. And these are flipped around. They're just making me think that they're SSCO. And we've got Rookies and Sars autograph. Odafe Owa, 87 out of 199 for the purple birds that goes to Kevin Benedict and the Baltimore Ravens. Carson Wentz. I feel like there's been some speculation. I mean, maybe it's not more than just people connecting dots, but do the Colts move on from Carson Wentz? There is Rookies and Sars autograph to 199. Jeremiah Owusa. Cormoa. And that's for Mike Joseph with the Cleveland Browns drawing first blood in the trade. Uncooked to 149. Trade Lance flipped around, but Chase Claypool. High octane relic to 199 for Pittsburgh. It's going to be for Corey and the Steelers. And from one Corey to another is Corey Davis to 35 for the Jets along with that Zach Wilson. Got a Joe Burrow ovation to 99. And Dak Prescott to 35 for the boys. This guy's pretty good, huh? All right, next box. A lot of packages going on today, ladies and gentlemen. There will be some stuff on their way to you, ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much. It's even Samkos answers. All right, next box. Giovante Williams is your autograph. 92 out of 99 for my rivals, the Broncos. Kevin Benedict, another auto for you. Chuba Hubbard, dual relic for the Panthers. Ryan Redman on the other side of that trade getting a little something here. It's a 17 out of 199. Trade McKinney to 99. Got an Aaron Jones to 49. And a Trevor Lawrence Crusade, 29 out of 35 for Corey and the Jaguars. And there's another Kalenman big time relic. 14 out of 25, a little bit of stitching right there. It's pretty cool. Vikings, a mirror, and a Jalen Waddle, 32 out of 99. What's going on with Kyler Murray? It's Justin Herbert to 15. Standing ovation insert. Nice low number for Tim and the Chargers. And a one of one Carson Wentz plate and sticker autograph for the Blue Horseshoes. Adam Copperman. Adam has the Colts and all aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo. And we got a Joe Burrow, rookies and stars, 92 out of 99. And a Trevor Lawrence star studded insert. All right, next box. All right, we've got Javante Williams, big time relic to 199. Kevin Benedict with Denver. Kyle Tras to 49. Trade Lance, I guess he's gonna be taking things over there too. Unless Brady gets in his way, is that really happening? That's not happening, right? To 99, Nico Collins. Justin Fields to 149. Dymie Brown, Washington to 199. Kevin with the Washington Commanders, Kevin B. Eric Stokes to 14 out of 15. Low number there. And rookies and stars, Matt Jones to 99. It's for Aaron and the Patriots. Stokes goes to Karen Steele and the Packers. Kenneth Gainwell, nice patch. I feel like he showed some moments last season. 21 out of 25, Kenneth Gainwell. Dress for success. Patch in auto for the Fly Eagles Fly, it's Corey with the Eagles, with the spot that he won. There's a Trevor Lawrence, 10 out of 49. Rodgers, where does he end up? And points, winner take all on the points. We'll randomize everybody's names, name on top, we'll get any and all points. It's Kyle Pitts to 35. Now Trevor Lawrence, rookie card. Points usually takes the place of the auto or a hit. All right, next box. Looks like we've got a handful of orders coming in here. Let's see. Got some spots moving in the Immaculate Filler. Some spots moving in the Flawless Number Blocks. The Zenith Filler is sold out, so now we only have four full spots left. And that unlocks that break. Let's get that one done. Cadarius, Tony. Jersey and autograph, eight out of 99. Let's see if the new Giants coach can unlock the potential. Daniel Jones in this dynamic player here. Giants, Corey, the Giants. Tray Lance to 149. For the Niners, that'll be for Ryan P. Another Trevor Lawrence, rookies and stars. Kyle Pitts and Calvin Ridley, 145 out of 199. Eric J with the ATL. Here's Matt Ryan to 35. Amir Smith, Marsept to 99. Got rookies and stars, Davis Mills, six out of 10. Nice little number for Kevin Benedict and the Texans. He looked pretty good at moments last year. I wonder if they hold on to him, what they do with the Sean Watts, and who knows. Tough situation for the Texans. There's Elijah Moore. Cross training, Dual Relic to 25. 40 yard dash, 4.35 seconds. A 4-3-40, that's pretty good. Jets, Amir. And there's another Trevor Lawrence, 49. Joe Burrow, Airborne. Tray Lance, Rookie Rush to 99. Baker Mayfield, Airborne to 35. Got shoulders all right. I think that could have been a very different season for the Browns last year. Gutsy though, he played through it. There's Pat Friarmuth, 68 out of 99. Dressed for success, moves. That'll be for Corey and the Steelers. Rookie Jersey and Otto, out of 10. Ryan Tannehill, I feel like there's been some rumor, some speculation that maybe the Titans could move on from Ryan Tannehill. And I think it was the same week in which, the same week in which I think Aaron Rodgers was building a house outside of Nashville or something like that. And then people were connecting dots like, oh maybe Aaron Rodgers is gonna move to Tennessee. All right, second to last box. There's Des Fitzpatrick to 199 for the Titans. It's gonna be for Adam Koperman. Got that Ryan Tannehill as well. There's Mack Jones to 35. Travis Etienne to 99. Tom Brady. And DeAndre Swift is another autograph. Is it an autograph? First autograph? It's an autograph, 17 out of 49 for Detroit. Kevin Benedict with the Detroit Lions. Lions team's a little ways away, but DeAndre Swift I feel like is pretty solid. He can evolve into a nice running back. And there's a Mack Jones autograph. Nice, 90 out of 99 for Aaron Billingsley and the New England Patriots. Aaron won this spot in the filler and got randomized, the Patriots gets this Mack Jones. What a pretty solid season. Let's see how he does without his, without Josh McDaniels went to my Raiders. There's Kyler Murray and there's Jamar Chase, big time jersey, 144 out of 199. Kevin Benedict in the bangle, what a season for Jamar Chase. Matthew Stafford, he's a champion now to 99. I think he proved a lot of doubters wrong. A lot of people saying, hey, he can't win the big game. He's just stat stuffing, you know. But I think he proved himself. This Derek Henry touchdown club, that's a surprisingly low number, seven out of 15. Thanks for Adam and the Titans. All right, final box. Good luck. Got a Calamon big time relic to 199 for Amir and the Vikings. Kyler Murray to 49, Justin Fields. To 99, Larry Roundtree, that's to 149, Kyle Pitts. And Darius Leonard is your autograph. 10 out of 10 for the Blue Horseshoes. Adam with the Colts. Great defensive player here, Darius Leonard. I feel like you see him at the end of almost every play. Caleb Farley, the Titans, eight out of 10. It's another one for Adam. Trevor Lawrence, airborne. Corey with the Jaguars. Anna Trevor Lawrence, jersey and autograph, nice. Dress for success. Rookie, patch and auto, that's some nice penmanship there too, it's not bad. That's one of the better Trevor Lawrence autographs I've seen, 24 out of 25, real clean. Even though it's on a sticker. Nice, that's Corey with the Jaguars and with Last Bot Mojo, 70% of the time. Last Bot Mojo hits 100% of the time. Now hold on to this one. And hopefully he does well this season. Then you can see the value of that card. Go up rather quickly, I would say. I think they got Doug Peterson, former Eagles coach in there. I feel like he could do pretty well. Kind of turning that organization around. 180 out of 199 for the Falcons. Eric Jay, touchdown club, Aaron Rodgers to 99. Devonta Smith, you got a out of 49 action pack to Zach Cunningham for the Texans. Zach Wilson to 50 for the Jets. And that my friends is that. Thank you very much for watching. Let's see who's gonna get those 400 points. We'll do a quick little recap too. All right, so let's flip back to the list. Let's gather everybody's names. Let's copy that list, new dice, new list. And name on top after, name on top after nine times, we'll get the 400 points, five out of four, nine times. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. And ninth and final time. Name on top 400 points. It's gonna be a mirror. There you go, a mirror after nine. 400 points going your way. There you go, quick recap. Thanks everybody for getting in to the rookies and stars. Those are the nice Mac Jones. I'll have to snap a picture of that. So keep your eye out for more rookies and stars and just more football in general on jaskyscasebreaks.com. That was the Carson Wentz plate. I'm sure we'll be breaking and talking football all year long. And it really is one of those, we can discuss that sport year round. All the off-season drama, combine coming up, draft coming up, there's the Trevor Lawrence. Lot of great stuff. There you go, gang. That was rookies and stars, seven box, random team break number two. I'm Joe for jaskyscasebreaks.com and I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye-bye.


Midget Girls basketball team began their home schedule today after going one-on-one in the first two matchups on the road. Schedule eases up a bit with the next five games at home in the Midget Field House. Blue Jackets got out to a 30 to 17 lead, but the Lumberjacks trying to chip away. Lindsay Hildenbrand makes the three. Later on, the Lumberjacks applying some pressure up to Allie Beer who drains the three. She had 11 on the night. Jacks still down 22, fighting hard. Rumor flatness goes up strong. Takes the contact and makes the bucket. She led all Jacks with 17. But Hibbing was just too much all night long. Mackenzie Mackie gets the put-back. And they would take this one final score tonight, says the Lumberjacks fall at home in their home opener. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


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So now that I've done a little bit of rebranding and I'm focusing a tad bit more on social commentary, I've had some people ask me to discuss the James Charles situation with Gage Gomez, because people are asking, is James Charles a predator for going after straight men? And originally I was going to stay away from this, but I've been watching videos and it seems like people lack two things, two major things, an open mind and life experience.  So I felt that it is my duty to make this video to offer a different perspective and also offer some facts. What is up everybody? This is Chris from the Rewired Soul where we talk about the problem, but focus on the solution. And if you're new to my channel, sometimes what I do is I'll pull different topics from the YouTube community and I try to take this mess and turn it into a message. So if you're into that stuff, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. All right, real quick story, but the chances are if you're watching this video, you're caught up, but I'll just bring you up to speed.  All right, and basically this guy Gage Gomez, he went with James Charles to Coachella and James was attracted to Gage, but Gage identifies as a straight male. Gage ended up making some videos about the situation with James. James's text messages just randomly got leaked.  And as I watch these other videos on this situation, like I just, I almost feel like other people read a completely different conversation than I did. All right, but as always, I want you to look at this situation and think about how it applies to your own life and mainly to also think about, I don't know, your own life experience and what you're lacking in the time that we live in and everything like that.  Okay, there are gay men who are attracted to straight men. Okay, there are lesbian women who are attracted to straight women. There are straight men who are attracted to lesbian women. And there are straight women who are attracted to gay men. Okay, there are four different categories here. And all of these people exist. All right. And I'm not saying like, oh, you're like so sheltered, you don't know this, but like, we're living in a really interesting time. And like, sexuality is just like this huge spectrum now and everything like that. But like, I just want to present the fact that like, James Charles did not invent this thing. This is something that's actually pretty common. All right, is it too common? Maybe I'm going to circle back to that topic towards the end of the video. But the fact of the matter is, there are many people, there are many people where their sexuality and what they're attracted to kind of doesn't mix. All right. But the second fact is that if you read those text messages, it does not look like even from Gage's point of view that there was anything done without consent. Okay, James Charles is a screw up. James Charles thinks that he is way more mature than he actually is. Based on brain development, you can only be so mature at that age. You know what I mean? But like, I don't know. I also feel like I had to make this video because these are very serious allegations. All right. Like something that was tossed around in those text messages was, you know, like a me too situation. And in my original video, like, this is just a messy situation that a lot of people get in. Even if it's not, you know, gay man going after a straight or, you know, by curious guy, like, this is just a mess all around where both people were kind of using each other for different reasons.  You know what I mean? Like both are pretty much at fault. But based on those text messages, you saw that there was consent. Okay, there was kissing. There was cuddling. There was his arm around James. There was all sorts of stuff. So it's not like James Forks himself upon him. Okay. But the next thing I want to talk about when it comes to life experience is I'm not sure if the comments and the videos being made are by younger people because I'm 33 years old now. And it's been pretty well known since I was, I don't know, a teenager that around that time, people experiment with their sexuality, right? So we're looking at two young men here and people are flabbergasted that maybe people are experimenting with their sexuality. But don't take my word for it. I actually pulled up a study to discuss this. So this is an article from thecut.com. I will link the full article down below. It says, in an interview with the science of us, Twinge, a San Diego State University professor, and the author of the book, Generation Me, revised and updated why today's young Americans are more confident, assertive, entitled, and more miserable than ever before, said two things about the numbers reported in her study that jumped out at first. First, the sheer magnitude of the increase in the percentage of people who said they had at least one same sex experience. And second, the specific pattern of increasing acceptance of same sex behavior she and her colleagues observed. First, behavior. The key finding in the study is that the number of Americans who self reported having had at least one same sex encounter since age 18 jumped significantly from the early 1990s to the early 2010s. For women, the percentage more than doubled, increasing from 3.6 percent to 8.7 percent. For men, it nearly doubled, going from 4.5 percent to 8.2 percent. The increase appeared consistently across all age groups to those in their 50s and inconsistently for those in their 60s, 70s, and 80s, the researchers right. All right? So to kind of break that down a little bit, it is pretty common. Like this is a study from I don't know, four or five years ago, I believe. But it is pretty common for people in this age group to have at least one same sex encounter. Like they said, it more than doubled for women and it almost doubled for men. So this narrative created that James is this awful human being. Like again, he's done plenty of bad things, but again, these are serious allegations. We need to understand that in those text messages, Gage admits that he was curious, he was confused, he wanted to see, he wanted to test things out, and it sounded like he wanted a free Coachella ticket. All right? So now, the story time. So just a real quick on my end story time. Like these are things that happen. So back before I got sober, many years before I got sober, I was probably like 19, 20 years old. We used to have parties at our house all the time. And we had a group of friends, we had parties every single weekend. And one of our friends was a lesbian young woman.  She grabs me and starts making out with me. I'm like, Okay, that was weird. And I walked away. So there is an instance of a lesbian woman grabbing a straight man to make out with her. All right? But I also asked one of my friends. So I asked one of my friends who identifies as a gay man. And I said, Yo, have you heard this story about James Charles and this guy Gage and these like accusations, you know, about James being a predator? I was like, How common is it for gay men to be attracted to straight men? And my friend, you know, he's not old, okay, but he has he has some years, okay, he's a little bit older than me, not too much older than me, but he's been in the scene for a while. So anyways, he texted me this story, which he gave me consent to talk about in this video. But for privacy reasons, I'm going to edit out some of the names and words and things like that. All right? So first, he starts out with his opinion on the situation. So referring to Gage, he says, this dude knew exactly what he wanted. He's a hustler. And he hustled James end of story.  One of my friends hooked up with this attorney, let him and do anything he wanted with him just so he could live with an attorney and get taken care of. It happens all the time. It's nothing new. Gage is a hustler. All right. So that's his opinion. Okay. And this is not saying that all gay men do anything or all straight men do anything. But like I said, one of the reasons I made this video is just, I don't know. I don't know if the internet has created a culture where I don't know people don't go out as much if they don't meet as diverse of a group as before. Like I said, the way social media platforms work, they create this kind of echo chamber. And when I was 19, 20 years old, early 20s, like social media wasn't really a thing, right? Like my space was around. Facebook was just getting started. So all of the stuff that's happening today was much different when, you know, 10 years ago when I was 23 years old, right? So I met more people. I knew more people. I got to understand more people. I got to talk to other people and understand what happened and what went on in their lifestyles and things like that. So again, like I said, I was going to circle back to that topic. Like is it right? Is it right for a gay man to primarily be attracted to straight men? Or is it right for, you know, lesbian women to primarily be attracted to straight women? To be honest, I'm a straight dude. I don't know the answer to that question. All right? Like if I want to get down to the root and core of all these things, it's like just morals and ethics on a human level. Okay? It's, it's about consent. It's about communicating. You know what I mean? But I am a very open-minded thinker and like all the stuff going on with like gender fluidity and sexuality and stuff. If it's not hurting me, it's none of my business. Okay? So I don't have like this like staunch like opinion on that subject. All right? But it seems to me and in my personal opinion, the whole situation with James Charles and Gage was just messy, but it doesn't seem like anything was done without consent. Both of them screwed up, just move on. That's the way it is. All right? But this is not something new. This has been happening for years. It's not new. James Charles did not invent the gay man being attracted to straight men. It's nothing new. All right? But anyways, let me know your thoughts on this topic down below. Let me know if you think that, I don't know, people are sheltered. Maybe some of my older audience here, you can have my back on this because this seems like something that's been going on forever where people experiment and things like that. I don't know. Maybe I'm nuts. All right? Anyways, that's all I got for this video. If you like this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because I make a ton of videos and a huge, huge thank you to everybody supporting the channel over on Patreon. You're all amazing. And if you like what I'm doing here and want to help support the channel, you can click or tap on that Patreon icon and you get your name on the credits right here and some other perks and benefits like our monthly Q&A. All right? Thanks again so, so much for watching. I'll see you next time.


Final in Sport, Tim Lakers harvested medals in the Taquanda event at the ongoing 2020 National Sport Festival claiming silver and bronze medals on the opening day of the competition. No fewer than four medals, three silver and one bronze was won by Tim Lakers' Athlete at the Pomsay event for individuals and the team. Tim Lakers claimed silver in the mixed pair event, while the male and female teams claimed silver and bronze respectively. Competing in the event for the very first time, beauty DC Sean Brightley, among the competitors, to claim individual silver in the Pomsay event. The chairman of the Lagos State Taquando Association, Jimmy Ogunawa, commended the performance of the athlete so far while revealing that the Taquando team prepared adequately for the national sport festival. Ogunawa added that the level of competition at the event is very high compared to the last the national sport festival held in Benesity at Dorset while ensuring that Lakers' athletes will give their best as the events continue.