Suspense! In the diners and club cars of America's finest trains, wherever the knowing traveler seeks the last word in luxury, the first word in wines is C-R-E-S-T-A, V-L-A-N-C-A, Cresta, Blanca, Cresta Blanca, yes, Cresta Blanca, California wine is the choice among those who set today's mode in travel as well as gracious living. So enrich your dining, distinguish your entertaining with Cresta Blanca. When you pour Cresta Blanca burgundy, sautern, or any Cresta Blanca selection, you enjoy the finest in wine. Shanley's Cresta Blanca wine company, Livermore, California. And now Shanley brings you Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills Suspense! Presented by Roma Wines, that's R-O-M-A, Roma Wines for your everyday enjoyment. Tonight Roma Wines of Fresno, California bring you Mr. John Lund in Murder Abored the Alphabet, a suspense play produced, edited and directed for Shanley by William Spear. It is well past midnight now, and I write these words so that other men may know the full story of that ill-fated voyage of the deep-sea tug alphabet. Ours was not a large vessel, but sturdily built for its task, and though it seems an age, it was only a little over six months ago that we sailed from Liverpool, England, bound out across the North Atlantic to deliver our ship to her new owners, a salvage firm of Boston, Massachusetts. Stand by to cost off! We put out with a reduced compliment, just a handful of men, 12 and all. We were a new crew sent on board for this journey over the deep-sea lanes, and I sailed as chief officer under the command of Captain Godfrey Walker, second made Harvey Goodrum and chief engineer Alec McTavish, being the other members of our small saloon. I remember we departed on a cold wet day with a fog lying low over Birkenhead, and the northwest wind blowing fresh in our teeth. On the port! As the drab gray of the Liverpool dark side dropped back into the soaking mists, I doubt if any man aboard could have foretold what lay ahead over those 3,000 miles of heaving sea. When we had cleared the light ship, I went into the wheelhouse where Captain Walker searched the channel ahead, his deep black eye staring out from under his shaggy eyebrows. I saw him, his huge frame bundled in a salt-stained great coat. Mr. Marshland, everything's secured proceed? Yes, sir. Everything on deck is lashed down as tight as a whistle. Good, good. We may get a dirty crossing this time of the year. Oh, it should be uncomfortable, sir. When it comes to ships, I'm used to something a little bigger. You're on no 10,000 ton an hour, mister. If we hit it heavy, there'll be many a man on board who wish he'd never left the dockside. Oh, I think the crew can take it, sir. Yeah, maybe, mister, maybe. A few days out and we'll see. Keep it to our course, quartermaster. All right, sir. All right, Mr. Marshland, you can take her now. Very good, sir. Your course is south-seventy-west. South-seventy-west, sir. See these helmsmen, keep her on the course. I'll be back in the cabin if you want. Aye, aye, sir. Oh, the skipper, sir. Is he? Aye. Fear gives me the creeps he does. Oh, he's probably harmless enough. He used to bigger commands than this, I imagine. Ah, but our people watch on him, sir, far with you. People watch on him. Why? Why? If you don't know now, sir, you will find out soon enough. South-seventy-west, check your course. South-seventy-west, it is, sir. Marshland, sir, you sent for me? Take a chair, mister. Thank you, sir. No, not... Certainly, sir. Yes, sir. Is there anything wrong? No, no, no, no, nothing's wrong. I just want to talk to you, discuss the affairs of the ship with you, give you some idea of what I expect. Oh, here, cigarette? Oh, thank you. Oh, by the way, you will not use that ashtray on your right. No, you will not use it. You may place your ash carefully on the other one. Uh, this one? Yes, yes, that one. Here we are. How long since you had your last birth, mister? Why, uh, it's been some time, sir. Fort Captain says you know me. Well, uh, only by reputation, sir. Would it surprise you to learn that I know something of you by reputation, mister? Why, uh, I don't exactly...  Oh, well, no matter. Now, I shall tell you the reason I summoned you to my cabin, Mr. Marshland. You will find, if you do not know already, that I have very definite ways I wish things to be done, very definite ways.  Of course, sir. I'm sure you'll get the fullest cooperation from myself and the crew. Good, good. I want that to be perfectly clear. I also insist that your supervision of the work on this should be done in a certain manner, I shall prescribe. All items of work will be carried out in alphabetical order. Alphabetical order, sir? Precisely. Starting with A and carrying through to Zend. I'm afraid I don't understand, sir. I think my meaning is perfectly clear. If the hands are painting ship, they will start with the alleyways and all other items beginning with A. Then the bulkheads, then the decks and so forth. Uh-oh. You understand me now, mister? Oh, yes, yes, sir. I think I understand, but I'm afraid I don't quite see your reason. Mr. Marsh! My reasons are not to be questioned. You will remember while I'm in command of this vessel, I hold the power of life and death. Well, sir? He was sitting across from me on the small satir of his cabin. His massive face half hidden in the shadows. His eyes piercing into mine. In the nearness of him, I could see the bloodshot veins like thin red tracings against the white. The man was mad. Higgins was right. He was mad. Yes, life and death. I looked about his cabin. There was something inhuman in its ordered neatness as if the warmth of man had not touched it. I saw the book stacked evenly in the bookshelf. I saw the titles arranged in alphabetical order. It was a pattern completing itself. The desk, the bunk, a maculet, not a wrinkler speck of dust visible to the naked eye. On the bulkhead were four photographs and largements of outdoor scenes. With a start I realized they too were in perfect order. Arranged according to the seasons from left to right. Spring, summer, autumn, winter. My eyes darted about me again and on the shelf above his bunk I saw three cameras. They also fitted the pattern. The smallest on the left, the largest on the right. I remembered the chair and the ashtray and turned towards him as he spoke again. He's then perfectly clear, Mr. Marshall. Yes, sir. Perfectly clear. Good, good. Now, one final thing. I insist that the quartermasters taking the wheel appear in sequence of the first letter of their surnames. But, sir, that will mean rearranging the watches. Surely the balance. Who is I order? Very good, sir. The watches will be changed. That's better, much better. Well, mister, now that we understand one another, I'm talking about the ship. I see you've noticed my photographs. Well, I can't say I know much about it, sir, but I'd say they're excellent. Of course they're excellent. I took them myself, a hobby of mine. You may have noticed I have three cameras. Two of them are of German make, the other American. The medium-sized one in the middle I use with infrared film. Comparatively recent development. The other two are used for general purposes. Are you interested in photography, Mr. Marshall? No, I can't say I am particularly, sir. I've never done anything like that for a hobby. Very well, if you're not interested, you may go. Well, I didn't mean that I was... That is in order, Mr. Marshall, and you will now go. Stumbled into the cold darkness outside, the thoughts tumbling unendingly through my head as I made my way to my cabin. We were pushing our way over the restless waters of the North Atlantic with a madman in command. In the morning of the third day, the second officer came running onto the bridge and plung himself excitedly into the wheelhouse. Mr. Marshall, I'd like a word with you. Go ahead, Goodrum. What is it? Would you come outside? I can't tell you here. Certainly. What in the world is the matter with you? It's the wireless operator, sir. Abercrombie. He's gone. You mean he's disappeared off the ship? Disappeared. Maybe. But I wouldn't wonder if there was a better name for it than that, sir. What do you mean? I mean murder. Abercrombie was gone, vanished without a trace from the decks of the alphabet. And although I didn't have the feeling myself, there was an uneasiness within the crew now. They seemed furtive, frightened, and they quietly drifted out of sight whenever the captain made an appearance on the deck. You could see they feared him and somehow connected his madness with the disappearance of the wireless operator. That night, I stood in the darkness of the wheelhouse, the faint light from the binocular shining on the face of Higgins as he stood his trick at the wheel. It's a rub, go sir. Abercrombie didn't just fall over the side by himself. Mock my words on that. Oh, come now, Higgins. Many a man has disappeared from shipboard, swept over the side by a sea. Ah, sir, on a stormy night that may be. But last night was pretty quiet one. Just a little kisser rain. Done in he was, sir. Why, what reason? Reason? No one had no reason, sir. Except maybe the queer one. The queer one. Ah, the skipper, sir. Good heavens, man. Are you accusing the captain of... He's not a normal man, sir. I wouldn't be too loud about the captain, Higgins. You can't accuse people without evidence. Well, keep me tough. But the skipper's obvious rocker. You know that as well as I do, sir. Oh, he's got some set ideas about things, that does alphabetical ideas, sir. Well, yes, but... Ain't you thought of this, sir? His name, Abercrombie. Whatever. Beginning with the hay. The first letter of the alphabet. Abercrombie was the first. But he won't be the last. He won't be the last. For suspense, Roma Wines are bringing you Mr. John Lund in murder aboard the alphabet. Roma Wines' presentation tonight in Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills. Suspense. Suspense.  That's R-O-M-A. Roma Wines. America's largest selling wines. When it's 90 in the shade and there's no shade, that's the time to enjoy tall, tinkling glasses of ice cold Roma wine and soda. Yes, treat your family and friends to the first crunching goodness of Roma wine and soda. So simple. Have filled tall glasses with any Roma wine, such as robust Roma burgundy or delicate Roma saterne. Fill up with cracked ice and soda, sweetened to taste. Then take a long cooling sip and smile. You'll discover why Roma wine and soda is so cool to come home to. Especially when the weatherman says warmer. And remember, for better taste, always enjoy Roma wines. That's R-O-M-A. Roma Wines. The greatest name in wines. And now Roma wines bring back to our Hollywood soundstage. John Lund as Fertmaet Marshalen and Joseph Kearns as Captain Walker in Murder Abored the Alphabet. A play well calculated to keep you in suspense. Needless to say, the conclusions of the men were no surprise to me. But I didn't feel the time was ripe for further action. On the evening of the following day, the barometer started dropping and next morning saw the low-grade clouds scutting swiftly before the wind and the alphabet laboring heavily in the rising sea. It was at eight bells in the morning watch, the sixth day of sea. Who's there? It's MacTobes, Mr. Mead. Well, come in, Chief. Take a chair, Chief. What is it? You look bothered. Butterfield, Mr. He's lost. Lost? Aye. Are you sure, MacTobes? Aye, I'm sure enough. We've searched for him all around the ship. There's near place, Mr. Have you informed the Captain? Ah, the old man. Didn't you think he knows it? Come on. There's another man gone, sir. Butterfield. Butterfield, eh? Aye, sir. How long have you known this, Mr. The Chief Engineer informed me only a few moments ago, sir. Are you sure of this, Mr. I'm sure. There's near trace of him anywhere aboard the ship. Very well, Mr. You may go. I wish to speak to the Chief Officer alone. Butterfield, sir. Go, Mr. That's an order. Aye, sir. I'll be off. Aye, Mr. I'm afraid this is beyond me, sir. No, I'm not referring to the Engineer, Mr. He's obviously disappeared. There's nothing we can do about it. Well, why are you standing? Why don't you sit down? Well, I... Thank you, sir. Yes, it's Thursday. Let me sit in the armchair. Thank you. Well, what do you think of my ship now? Do you still find it uncomfortable? Oh, no, sir. I like her very well. I thought a long time before I shipped aboard. Oh, you did, eh, Mr. Well, she's small, but then any ship to ship, eh. I'd like something a little more, but then... then the sea is the lady that counts. Am I right? That's right, sir. You love her. You love her very much, don't you, Marshal? I do. Yes, I do. You're young, but you love her more than anything?  More than his, uh, more than his natural? Captain A. And now you're seated. Would you like to inspect my cameras and tell me what you think of them? Well, I'm afraid I don't know a great deal about that sort of thing, sir. Oh, you know nothing about them. Hey, good you may leave my cabin. Certainly, sir. I shall look into the Butterfield matter. He's left the ship, mister. You're only wasting your time. Now go. For the second time, I left the cabin of that strange man. I left him alone with his madness, and steadying myself against the roll of the ship, walked the deck, thinking my own thoughts. It was that night that Higgins came to me in my cabin. I bet he meant her, and he settled his wizened body down upon my armchair. I was lying in my bunk, watching him as he sat there, awkwardly twisting his cap in his hands. It's an unusual request I have, sir. I hope I can speak in confidence, like... Go on, Higgins. Whatever you have to say will be just between the two of us. What's that? We think the skipper should be put away, sir. Put away? What do you mean? Locked up, sir. But he can't arm us. You know that's mutiny. Ah, it's mutiny, but... But Mr. Marshland, he'd murder us all. Evercromby, Butterfield. He'll go clear on down the alphabet if we don't stop him. There's no proof. Well, the lads are sure enough. Are they? Just give us the word, sir. And we'll help you. We'll put him away. Very well, Higgins. Keep it among yourselves, but you can tell the men this. If there's any more trouble, I'll take matters into my own hands. You can rest assured of it. Thank you, sir. They ate by the mutiny, but are either caught in the world as ever would convict you at it. No. No, Higgins. I don't think there is. It had to be done very carefully. And for quite a while, I lay back upon my bunk. Thinking of what Higgins had said. It would be risky, but the men were behind me. That would more than sway the balance. Higgins was right. Any court of law would see the wisdom of my action. They would never convict from mutiny. And Captain Walker would be locked away forever. We continued on our way. And in the hull of the wind and the long seas, he would sense the cold hand of fear that had settled over the alphabet. By the evening of the seventh day, we stood well out on our great circle track, more than halfway between Liverpool and Boston. We plunged through dirty seas, rising to each crest and falling to the trough below, with the water curling green over the flare of our blocked bowels. But we made fair time and the knots slipped steadily astern. It was during the inky blackness of that night that death struck again on the decks of the alphabet. And another member of our dwindling band then disappeared into the unknown. Abercrombie, Butterfield, and now the third man. His name was Chadwick. Who's that? Oh, good evening, sir. Dirty weather, sir. Be getting below, sir. Would you please let me by? I want to go below. You dropped something, sir. Never mind. I'll get it. Hey, don't you, Mr. Marshland?  I thought I heard a scream. Oh, did you now, mister? Did you? Yes, sir. You all know why you're here. Yes, sir. The legs now. We're with you, mister. We'll stop his tricks, we will. Good. Now we must do this quietly and quickly. There must be no bungling, understand? Yes, sir. All right. Here goes.  Well, mister, what is it you are? Come out here, sir. I want to show you something.  Never mind that, men. Captain, stay where you are. This gun is loaded. So now it's mutiny. Marshland, you'd better...  One move and I'll shoot. And you'll get my knife in your gizzard. Mr. Marshland, these are skipping out. You'll swing for this, Marshland. You and all the rest. You really think they'll hang a mate for mutiny when they can hang a captain for murder? We sailed into Boston Harbor with Captain Walker Lash securely to a chair in his cabin. After the first brief struggle, he had grown quieter. And during the last days of our voyage, he had just sat there. Silently, saying nothing. A strange, mad smile, leering from his lips. We arrived in Boston late in the afternoon. And as we sailed up the harbor, we hoisted the international signal calling for the harbor police. After we had docked alongside, I went up to his cabin to ensure that all was in readiness for the arrival of the police. And as I stood over him, bound there in his chair, his eyes seemed to mark me, his smile taunting me. So, Mr. Marshland, this is to be the success of your little plan, eh? I have nothing to say to you, Captain. The police will be aboard at any moment. You think I'm mad, don't you? But you've bungled it badly, Mr. You've bungled it very badly. Have I? Who's that? Police! Police! Come in, come in! Officer, this man has come... Yes, you've bungled it, Mr. Marshland. Why weren't you content to let me be with my madness? As I was content to let you be with yours.  If you hadn't bungled it. What are you talking about? I know all about you, Mr. Under a bit of a cloud, eh? Haven't shipped for quite a while. Not the first vessel you've been on where men have disappeared in the black of the night, eh? Oh, but I wouldn't have cared. No, I like your methods, business-like. By the letters, by the alphabet. You are mad. Take him away, officer. Yes, mad, quite. But you should have taken more interest in my photography, Mr. My infrared film, for instance. You can take pictures on the darkest night. Would I have one, Mr. An excellent likeness? A likeness? Of you, Mr. The night you pushed Chadwick over the side. The police have been very understanding. They could readily understand how a man could hate and fear the sea and yet love it, like a woman. Love it enough to follow it and hunger for it and make every sacrifice. Even human sacrifice. But now they say they must send me away to a place where the sea can no longer torture me. A place of no land or sea or wind or rain, but only rest. Can you pray? Yes. To the sea. Only to the sea. Suspense. Murder aboard the alphabet, starring John Lund, presented by Roma Wines. That's R-O-M-A. Those better tasting Roma Wines. America's favorite wines. Yes, Roma Wines taste better, because Roma brings you the captured natural richness of California's choicest grapes, gently pressed and guided, unhurriedly, with ancient skills and America's greatest winemaking resources to tempting taste luxury. These better tasting Roma Wines are placed with mellow Roma Wines of years before. And from these, the world's greatest wine reserves, Roma later selects for your enjoyment. This weekend, share with your friends the hospitality of delicious Roma California wine. Before dinner, serve nut-like Roma sherry. After dinner, enjoy rich, broody Roma port. Yes, the better taste of choice, Roma Wines, tells you why Roma, that's R-O-M-A. Roma Wines are enjoyed by more Americans than any other wines. John Lund will soon be seen in Paramount's 36-star production, Variety Girl. Tonight's Suspense Play was by Charles Turrell. Next Thursday, same time, you will hear Lloyd Nolan as star of Suspense. Produced and directed by William Spear for the Roma Wine Company of Fresno, California. Don't forget, next week Suspense will present Lloyd Nolan, the following week Edmund O'Brien. Make it a point to listen each Thursday to Suspense Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills. This is CBS The Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hi, welcome everybody. My name is Leonardo Gutierrez. In this talk, I want to show you how you can easily write robust batch scripts. There's a lot of interesting content that I want to get through in this quick talk. So I'm going to be covering a few techniques that you can easily implement in your projects. You have my contact information there. I'll be publishing a link with the slides in my Twitter account after this presentation. So a little bit about myself. I'm a senior systems engineer working for AuraSun. I've been there for seven years now, I think, using a lot of open source technologies. So let's get started. Okay, so what can go wrong here? First of all, please do not run that command. Otherwise, you will delete all your files. So please don't run it. The terrible situation, explain it in that if an issue could have been easily avoided using a single command. Let me try to explain what happened here. Basically, the ARM command is trying to use a variable that doesn't exist. Batch tries to expand the value of the variable, I'm sorry. It fails to do that. It ignores that the variable doesn't exist and uses a slash y card as the argument and well the files are gone. If you want to know what happened with that issue, you can go to the link in the slide and read the full conversation. Let's see another example of what came wrong if we ignore these kind of little things. Okay, here we have a similar scenario. If the locks variable doesn't exist, the shell will ignore that and the command will copy everything from the slash to the sender's locks directory. So you might have a disk space issue depending on what you have in your file system. Okay, here we have a full script example with the shebang and everything. So be really careful when you see code like this, especially with these commands that can be really dangerous. Okay, so how do we fix it? We can fix it very easily. We want to know when a variable is not set. For that, we just need to use the set shell built in with the non-set option. This will make your scripts to fail immediately if a variable is not set. If you're on the code in the slide, you could get an error. You're going to get an error saying something like steamroot on bound variable. And the last code snippet, that is another way of fixing that using shell parameter expansions. If the steamroot variable is not defined, the message is not defined. The command will be printed in the sender error, and the shell will exit with the non-zero code. So as you can see, it is very easy to protect ourselves with these little mechanisms with these shell built-ins. Right. What if any other error occurs? Ideally, we should either catch that error or handle it with the non-zero code. To fail immediately if an error occurs, we can use again the set shell built-in, but now with the error exit option. Let's see an example. As you can see here, we're trying to copy a file that doesn't exist. We have in the tier line cp not found, and we're trying to copy that file to the x file. We are using the error exit in the second line. So the cp command will finish with an error, and the ls command won't run. As you can see, this is a good way of finishing script execution earlier if something really bad happens. The last two command lines show you how you can bypass or ignore an error. And if you want to disable the behavior, you can use those options at the right of the slide, set plus o or exit or set plus e. This is another example where we are bypassing the error checking. You can use the same set shell built-in with the same option, but now instead of dash o, you use plus plus o. Once you're done with section that you don't want to check, you can enable it back. Okay, which one should we use? I have seen a lot of scripts in different code bases where they use both, and they are totally different. In some systems, the first shebang in the slide actually points to a simling pointing to the bash binary. In some other systems, you will see that being sh actually points to a six shell compliant shell. So you need to be really careful on what to use and which one to use. So as you can see in these commands in this slide, being bash is totally different to being a sage in some systems. So be really careful about that. So my suggestion here is that if you are writing bash shell scripts, then use a bash shebang. Do not use being a sage thinking that it will point to the bash shell. It might be a different case. I have seen those weird scenarios where the developers use being a sage event and their scripts don't behave as expected. Okay, this is a really similar scenario as shown before. Do not run your scripts with a sage and then your script unless you want to, of course. Here we might have the same problems as I mentioned before. What happens if I run that code in my system? Let's see what happens. Here we can see that the previous script didn't run as expected. Being a sage is pointing to something different than the bash shell. I think it's pointing to the bash shell. I'm not sure. Okay, if you want to know if you are using code that is totally specific to bash, you can use this ShekBashisms program. It will show you where you are using bashisms and change suggestions to make your scripts POSIX compliant. Okay, this is another good suggestion. Sometimes we want to concatenate the strings, right? In this specific example, the shell would try to expand the EMB variable and it won't find it. So whenever you can, use braces around your variable names to make it clear to avoid confusions. Also, that could have been easily fixed using the non-set option. So for example, in that code, that code snippet could fail with the non-set option. This error is also very common. As you can see in this example, we are using the classic sort and then the sort unique operations. But we are not doing anything here to make sure that the sort command finishes successfully before it passes the information to the unique command. So if you run that command, you will see that the life is good is printed to the terminal, even that the not found file doesn't exist. So what would be the output of the code example? You can imagine life is good is printed to the standard output and we don't want that. So how do we fix it? The solution is really easy. To fix it, we just need to use the set shell built in again, but now with the pipe fail option. That way, when the sort command is executed, all the code there will fail. The script will fail with the non-zero code. All right, another good suggestion. Variables in Bash, you know, they have global scope. It means that if you declare a variable inside a function, it will be available through the whole program. So we as programmers, we want to reduce the scope over variables, right? So they are only available in the scope where they are used or needed. So here in the example, we can see that they are variable. The client said the count function will be available even after we call that function. This is not a good thing. We want to reduce the scope. We want the variable i to live only in that count function. We want to reduce the scope. So how can we fix it? For that, in order to fix it, we just need to use the local shell. All right, so to fix it, we need to use another shell built in. Now we are going to use the local shell built in. So that will help us to reduce the scope over variables. And if you are using the, if you are already using the non-set option, that will make your script even better. Because you won't have null or unset variables around. So as you can see, we can use these little shell built-ins to make our scripts better and more robust. Okay, in Bash, as in all our languages, we can use conditional execution with the AND and OR operators. But sometimes we might have unexpected results due to not using these operators properly as in the example. That is a common situation where we want to simulate the if, else statements with conditional execution. So as you can see here in the example, we are trying to copy a file, the file.txt to a backup. We're just trying to create a backup of that file. And as you can see in the output below, that is executed successfully. So the backup predicts successfully message is printed to the console. But what if the next sentence fails? I mean, what if the sourcing of the const.emb file fails? Or what if that file doesn't exist? We wouldn't expect the code in the OR section to be executed. Well, that is actually executed as in the output. That happens due to how presidents of the law you call AND and OR operators work in Bash and some other languages. The good news is that we can fix that very easy. Let's see how. So to fix it, instead of using conditional execution, we just need to use a regular if, else statement as in the example. We can see in the output that error creating backup message is no longer in the output. We see backup created successfully. And then file does not exist. All right. So that is the expected output in this case. So the suggestion here is do not use conditional execution only for single sentences. Do not use it to simulate a need else statement because you might have unexpected results. This suggestion is not really for Bash, but it is something you should have into consideration if you use crown jobs in production environments. I'll read the question first. What can go wrong with the following code if the script triggers errors that are not redirected properly? Well, as you can see, we have a script or crown job that is executed every minute. What happened if the script that runs every minute fails? And we have the script content below. It's a really simple script. It just run a rm command against a file that doesn't exist. Okay, so let's run it to see what happens. If the script fails every minute, it will send an email to your account with the error output with some explanation. The problem with that is that you might have later a disk space issue due to all the emails generated in the bark dispartition depending on how you have your system configured. Okay, so let's see how you can fix that. The first option is to redirect all the script output to a log file that you can handle and live in a better way or analyze later. You could do that from the crown tab line as in the first code snippet or inside the script. And you could also set the main environment variable to empty to avoid sending any emails. Okay, another suggestion. You should always implement some error handling in critical parts in your script. In the example, we're trying to send a file to a server and then we think that everything went well. We print the message and then exit with a zero code. The problem is that if the script is executed automatically, let's say through crown, then we will notice that it failed. So just imagine how painful it will be to find out that this important or critical job has been failing for a while and you didn't notice that. This is the last suggestion. Use shell check whenever you can. Shell check is a tool that you can use to find potential bugs in your code. It will show you what is wrong with that and it will give you an explanation why the code is not right and how you can fix it. So use it whenever you can. It is a really useful tool and it will make your scripts definitely better. So that's it from my side. Thanks for your time. Thanks for listening. If you have any questions, feel free to ask. If you have any questions, feel free to ask in Twitter or email or use the conference platform. Okay, thank you so much. Bye bye.


Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this weekly webinar on Monday, the 12th of May, and a look ahead to some of the events that I think will be of particular importance to markets this week. Let's, first and foremost, have a quick look at the major indices because we're broadly higher this morning. The FTSE 100 is higher. The DAX is significantly higher and the CAC Caron is significantly higher. But one of the things I've noticed over the past couple of weeks is an increasing divergence between the more blue chip U.S. markets and the smaller cap U.S. markets. If we look at, say, for example, the Dow Jones, we can see that we are retesting the highs that we saw in April, around about 16,650. And it's a similar sort of story with respect to the S&P 500, which, you know, when you look at those two collectively, that really sort of does both fairly well for further gains. However, there's significant divergence between those two big blue chip indexes and the U.S. small caps and the U.S. NASDAQ, and we can see that borne out in this chart here. Small caps have pretty much gone one way over the past two to three months. Since the beginning of March, they've sunk significantly lower and look to be approaching some very key support around about the November lows. So you can see from this particular chart that even on the face of it, U.S. investors appear to be increasingly confident about the economic growth that we're seeing out of the U.S. And I don't know why, given the fact that Q1 for the U.S. could well actually be revised into contraction. I'm guessing they're thinking that we're going to see a significant bounce back in U.S. economic activity in April and will certainly get early indications of what that might look like in data out, U.S. data out later this week. But there seems to be some certain degree of confidence that we're going to get a significant bounce back in U.S. economic activity. So it's certainly worth keeping an eye on the U.S. small caps, the Russell 2000, and the NASDAQ, where we've seen very sharp sell-offs in that particular market as well. And again, we're way below the march highs, unlike obviously the S&P and the Dow. And what's that telling me? Well, that's really telling me, I think, that investors are feeling less confident about putting their money in the more riskier parts of the market. They're putting them into blue chips, and that's not really too much of a surprise. But there has to come a point where this divergence between the two various sectors of U.S. markets starts to correct itself. Now it can correct one of two ways. You can either get a significant bounce back in the NASDAQ. That seems unlikely, given that earnings expectations for an awful lot of these NASDAQ companies are still very much on the high side, or we get a bit of a sell-off in the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones. Now, the 1900 level is the key level in the S&P 500, and there's certainly one area to keep an eye on. And I think also the uncertainty with respect to where investors want to put their money is reflected in the increased amounts of M&A that's going on. You've got the Pfizer, AstraZeneca takeover bid that's going on, or the bid speculation that Pfizer's going to bid for AstraZeneca. Certainly I think that any political, that's turning into a very political story. Personally, I have mixed views on that. I certainly think that politicians should keep their noses out of it. Politicians are pretty rubbish at running an economy, let alone telling companies what to do with respect to their business models. But having said that, there is a wider concern that Pfizer doesn't really have a good track record when it comes to acquiring companies and deriving value from them. If you actually look at what Pfizer have done over the last 10 years with respect to acquisitions, they've spent $250 billion on acquisitions and yet the current market cap of the company is $185 billion. So that's pretty much of $250 billion of lost value that Pfizer hasn't really been able to make any use of. So essentially the company is coming at it for the wrong reasons. I think it really needs to come from the reasons in terms of growing its pipeline and creating new drugs and unfortunately AstraZeneca has the better pipeline. So I'm going to have to see how that plays out, but I certainly think AstraZeneca shareholders are right in rejecting the offer. I think Pfizer needs AstraZeneca more than Pfizer needs it. We've also got obviously the General Electric All-Stom deal. We have B Sky B this morning as well as 21st Century Fox looks to divest itself of its Sky Deutschland and its Sky Italia businesses and get them to be run out of Europe by B Sky B. So again it's all about growth by acquisition as opposed to growth organically because of concerns about what's going on in China. There's concerns about slowing growth there and I think when you actually look at the DAX, this worries me as well. Since the highs at the beginning of this year, the DAX every time we've gone down, every subsequent rebound has actually been lower than the previous one and I think we're at a very, very key level on the DAX at the moment on the upside around about 9,700. We've got this trendline resistance coming in from the highs earlier this year. I think that's a significantly key level to keep an eye on and you've also got the fact that the oscillator is starting to look a little bit overbought even though it is starting to indicate that maybe we could get a little bit of a revisit back to the April highs. So 9,700 or just above that I think is going to be a very, very key level for the DAX going forward. Now the CAC Caron has actually done slightly better when you look at it over the course of the last few months. It's actually made significantly new highs but it still remains below the April highs last month around about 4,500 and 4,510. So what we really need to see there on the CAC Caron is a significant move higher with respect to that particular market. Now some of the key things to keep an eye on is we've got a whole host of European data due out this week and I think certainly European indices in particular are taking the cues from what Mr. Draghi said last week with respect to a potential action by the ECB in June. But before we get to ahead of ourselves on that, I think what we also need to look at is the fact that whatever the ECB do in June, it's going to be minimal at best. Having said that, given what we've seen in Eurodollar and the reaction of Eurodollar over the course of the last two or three days, I think there is maybe a good chance we could well see some Euro weakness over the course of the next few trading sessions because even though Eurodollar is not breaking down significantly against the US dollar, and this can be seen from this chart here, it's finding a little bit of support around about the 100-day moving average, around about these lows here at 138.40, 137.40 rather. 137.40 we have the 100-day moving average, but the key support level still remains at the April lows around about here, around about 136.65. So the direction of travel does point to a weaker Euro most definitely, but if we actually zoom this chart out, we are still in the uptrend that we've been in since 2012. And anyone I think looking for a significant amount of Euro weakness over the course of the next few trading sessions is probably going to be disappointed. So we could well get a bit of a rebound in Euro dollar back to around about 138.50, but overall the ECB really does have to deliver on its guidance, if you like, that they will do something at the June meeting. But QE, forget about it, not going to happen, the political barriers are still significantly too high. However, we may not see significant weakness in Euro dollar, but we are certainly seeing significant weakness in the Euro crosses. If we look at Euro sterling, for example, we've broken below the lows 2014, the lows this year, and we look as if we could actually head towards the lows of 2013, which are the beginning of 2013, around about the 1870 level. And I talk about them a little bit in my morning blog earlier this morning, which I posted on the website. So we've broken below 81.50, the direction of travel does seem to suggest that we could well look at retesting the lows that we saw at the beginning of 2013. We're below that now. Yes, we are looking a little bit oversold. There's certainly potential for us to rebound back to around about 81.90, 81.95, but certainly I think the direction of travel with respect to Euro sterling remains in sterling's favor. I think we're going to see further sterling strength there, given that we've seen a breakdown below that 81.5560 level. But as with all things Euro sterling, it's likely to be extremely tortuous process, which brings me on to Euro yen, another Euro cross, which appears to have broken down. We broke below that trend line support that we've been in since November, broken below that. We're currently finding support around, or currently finding cloud support around about the 140 area around about these lows here on the Ichimoku cloud resistance, the Kumo support rather, around about 140. So what we need to see is really a break below 140, which is the lows that we saw on the 28th of March and has been the lows for about the past four to five weeks. So certainly keep an eye on 140, this cloud support here. We could get a rebound back to this green line here, which is around about 141, 141.80 on the top side. If we're not able to break below the 140 level on the cloud support there. So we are starting to get a little bit of Euro weakness on the crosses. It's not really being borne out against the US dollar. And one of those reasons could be because of speculation about M&A in Europe. You've obviously got the general electric oustom deal and that still hasn't gone through yet. So there could be a little bit of underpinning there. But going back to what I was saying earlier, the expectations for the European data this week, German ZEW investor sentiment for May is expected a week in further from 43.2 to 41. That's due out tomorrow. And then we've got a whole host of CPI data. And I think that's really going to be a key indicator as to whether or not we get further Euro weakness this week or whether or not we get a bit of a rebound. Because at the end of the day, it's all about inflation represses in the Euro area. And there is a certain amount of inbuilt deflation within the Euro area because of the complete divergence between European countries when it comes to unit labor costs. Essentially, the costs of labor in France and Italy and Spain are that much higher. So in comparative to Germany, therefore, unless when you take measures to deal with that, you're going to have to drive prices lower. So that isn't that is essentially going to push downward press put downward pressure on prices. If you're going to do your fiscal readjustment solely through single exchange rate simply because Italy, Spain, France cannot devalue in any other way apart from cutting unit labor costs. And that's really the big issue that they're wrestling with. So CPI data, I think is going to be very, very key with respect to expectations of what the ECB may or may not do in June. Now, tomorrow, Tuesday, we've got Italian CPI for April, and that's expected to rise from 0.3% to 0.6. So that suggests to me that even though the Italians are worried about deflation, price pressures are starting to go up. German CPI is on Wednesday. Again, certainly keep an eye on that because that more than anything else is going to be sensitive to what the ECB may or may not do. That's expected to rise from 0.9% to 1.1. So if the flash data that comes out at the end of this month continues that direction of travel, is the ECB going to shave a tenth of a percent off its headline rate when inflation is starting to wedge back up, when it didn't do it a month ago, when inflation was below where it currently is now. And I think that's the key question. Markets are assuming too much. ECB may cut, but is it an even better chance that they may not? Certainly, if the inflation data, the CPI data starts to wedge back towards the 1% level and above that. French CPI is also expected to wedge higher tomorrow, not tomorrow, Wednesday. That's expected to rise from 0.7% to 0.9% in April, year on year. And then obviously the big number, which is the EU, broader EU measure of CPI, that's expected to rise from 0.5% on Thursday to 0.7% with core prices staying at 1%. Any of you who were listening to what Mr. Draghi said on Thursday at his press conference said that he was paying much more attention to core price pressures than the broader price pressures, simply because he considered that energy prices were introducing too much noise into the broader numbers. So core price pressures, 1% unchanged from the previous number that we saw at the beginning of last week. More broadly, we've also got a whole host of GDP data out of the Euro area. On Thursday, we've got the latest French Q1 GDP, we've got the latest German Q1 GDP, Italian Q1 GDP, and EU Q1 GDP. So France is expected to actually slip back to stagnation from the 0.3% growth that we saw in Q4 of last year. That's expected to come in round about flat to 0.1%. German GDP is expected to jump from 0.4% to 0.7%. So again, that's the key driver of the Euro area economy. If Germany is growing and inflation is starting to edge back up, is the ECB really going to shave 10 basis points off its headline rate? And even if it does, what difference will it make? Italian Q1 GDP is expected to increase from 0.1% in Q4 to 0.2%. And the EU number, the broader measure, which is out on Thursday, is expected to rise from 0.2% to 0.4%. So really, the growth in the Euro area is going in the right direction. Inflation could actually start to push higher. And it's inflation that really is going to dictate the next move in ECB monetary policy. At the moment, markets are pricing in June. There could be potential for disappointment if they don't act at the June meeting. We'll have to wait and see with respect to that. So certainly worth keeping an eye on that. It's also a very big week for sterling, particularly on Wednesday, where we have the latest unemployment data for the three months to March. And that is expected to slip further below the 7% knockout that the Bank of England got rid of once they thought that they were going to hit it. And it's going to come down from 6.9% to 6.8%. So again, pointing in the right direction, weekly job, weekly jobless claims, UK jobless claims for April are expected to decline again in April. And they've been declining steadily for the past six months at around about 30,000 a month. And they're expected to decline another 30,000 in April, which again, bodes very well for the unemployment data for the three months to April, which will come out in a month's time. More importantly than that, we've been talking about an earning squeeze. That's been the one thing the cost of living crisis that politicians have really been honing in on. And I think once again, we're going to see that average earnings for the three months to March are going to rise again above 2% on this occasion from 1.7%, 2.1% is expected in March. And that's really going to raise, I think, difficult questions at the Bank of England inflation report, which is due at 10.30 on Wednesday. Now if we look at my cable chart here, we can see that we've got a significant area of support coming in from this trend line from the March lows. We're finding a little bit of support and we're getting a bit of a bounce back. So I certainly think there's a lot of broad optimism about the UK economic recovery. Now, you know, you can you can argue until you blew in the faces to whether or not it's being juiced by help to buy higher house prices or what have you. But that is undoubtedly true. It is certainly being juiced by that. But one of the more encouraging signs I've seen has been the improvement in manufacturing data and construction data. So there I think there is a slightly better balance to it.  And let's not also forget that we are now one year away from a new government. And it's going to be a general election in a year's time. And no one really knows I think who is likely to get in now. The perception is that at the moment, labor is likely to gain an overall majority. Now the markets aren't pricing that in yet. And there is a likelihood that they may not. Particularly if the polls start to move in line with the economic data in the incumbent government's favor. But as we get nearer to that day, and if we see a significant slowdown in economic growth and economic activity, I think there is a worry that maybe some of this optimism that we're seeing right now could start to seep away as we get into the back end of this year. And I certainly think that's one thing we do need to bear in mind. Cable does look very over ball. It's there is significant amount of resistance between 170 and 17045. We couldn't get through that level. I think if we do break this support level coming in from the low through here around about 168, 20, 30, that's really the key level for me. You can certainly see it in this horizontal support and resistance line here. Got a significant area of support there. If we do break below that, then I certainly think this potential for further losses back to the 50 day moving average on this particular chart. And that comes in around about 167, 20. But overall, we're still in a broader uptrend, despite the fact that the Fed remains committed to its tapering program. Markets are not really pricing in pricing that in that much, simply because Janet Yellen has committed to keeping interest rates low into 2016. That is going to be an awful lot more difficult for the Bank of England to do, given the fact that the UK economy is continuing to outperform its G7 peers and the OECD last week upgraded its growth forecast for the UK economy. So the Bank of England inflation report on Wednesday will be key. Will the Bank of England upgrade its growth forecasts? Will it downgrade its inflation forecasts? And if it does do that, will the Financial Policy Committee look at taking measures to rein in bank lending when it comes to mortgages? Because they now have the tools to be able to do that, impose loan to value ratios. Will they also tell the Chancellor to scrap or curtail his help to buy scheme? Because there's certainly political considerations to come into play over the course of the next few months, particularly if the housing market continues to go in the direction that it has been. We did see a bit of a slowdown in some of the housing data in April. What we want to see is that it will stabilize, but we certainly don't want to see housing become any more unaffordable than it already is. So I think the prognosis for the pound remains fairly positive, even if we do break below the support line, simply because I think it's very likely that the Bank of England will raise interest rates well before the US Federal Reserve. One other thing to keep an eye out for is tomorrow morning we've got British retail consortium retail sales for April. That will give us a good indication of how well the services sector in April has done with respect to the consumer. We saw a little bit of a slowdown in March and the retail sector in March was a little bit of a drag on the GDP numbers, but the GDP numbers still posted a number of 0.8%. So again, despite the fact that retail sales for Q1 were fairly flat, we still posted a fairly healthy 0.8% GDP for Q1. We've got a good start, we've got off to a good start in Q2, and the hope is that that will continue into May and into June. And that should, I think, really limit the downside with respect to the pound against the dollar. So let's look at the pound also against the YEN to see if that gives us a similar sort of indication. And we're right on support there from February lows on that. I need to redraw that trend line slightly, so let's go and do that. Redraw that, draw it from that low there. There we go. And we're right there. But we're also quite near some significant peaks from March and May. And it's actually quite interesting that those peaks are virtually identical around about 173.60. So looking at sterling YEN, we're around about or near some key support from February lows, but we're also quite near broader highs around about 173. And I think what's really going to take us through those highs in sterling YEN is if dollar YEN manages to get through that 105.50 that we've been looking at for quite some weeks now, and which is actually limited the downside, limited the upside rather in dollar YEN. So if we look at dollar YEN, we can see where the key levels are there. And to be quite honest, that's been fairly dull, but it does look as if we could actually be finding a bit of a base in there. So dollar YEN, good support as we can see here between 101.20 and 101.40. If we break back through 102, then we've got significant resistance around 102.80. Obviously we've got this little spike here which was the non-farm payrolls spike higher that we saw just after the U.S. employment dates earlier this month. But if we get back through 102.80, then we're looking at this longer term trend line resistance level around about 103.80 and then above that obviously the 105.50 level. But certainly anywhere near 101.20, 101.40, there seems to be a steady stream of people looking to pick up dollars against the YEN. And you've also got the 200-day moving average coming in down there as well. So I think for us to really push lower in dollar YEN, we're going to need to see a significant move higher in U.S. Treasury prices. And at the moment U.S. Treasury yields are sticking around that 2.5, 2.6 percent level. And that's really the correlation that we're looking at with respect to dollar YEN. Looking at the yield prices here, or the actual prices here, got the 200-day moving average keeping your cap on prices. If prices go higher and push yields lower, that will push dollar YEN lower. So what we don't want to see, if we want to see a high dollar YEN, is for U.S. Treasury prices to go higher. So a move above the 200-day moving average in the U.S. 10-year note would be a very bad sign for a further rise in dollar YEN. So certainly keep an eye on that. It is looking as if it's starting to roll over. So as long as that continues to roll over, we should see dollar YEN rebound. There's a very good correlation between those two particular asset classes. So certainly keep an eye on those two. Also if you're looking at dollar YEN, keep an eye on the Nikkei 225 as well. And the key support level around about 13,880. If it drops below there, if the Nikkei continues to fall, that will also drag dollar YEN down. So strong YEN is not good for the Nikkei. Dollar drops, YEN strengthens, not good. So keep an eye on the Japanese GDP numbers that are due out later this week, the latest Q1 GDP numbers. I think they're going to be particularly important when it comes to the next direction for dollar YEN. And I can tell you that those numbers are coming out later this week on Thursday morning. Thursday morning Japanese GDP numbers. The expectation is for preliminary GDP numbers, easy for me to say. And the quarter on quarter number is expected to rise from 0.2% in Q4 to 1% in Q1. The annualized number is expected to jump from 0.7 to 4.2. So any disappointment on any of those GDP numbers could actually weaken the YEN. Why? Because it's going to put pressure on the Bank of Japan to add stimulus. So certainly worth keeping in on the Japanese GDP numbers on Thursday morning Japanese time. Okay, so now that we've finished with that, let's look at gold prices because gold prices continue to be fairly well supported around about 1270, 1280. Look at this area of support through here. We've had some nasty little spikes lower and certainly they've made for a little bit of restlessness when the gold comes crashing off. It certainly makes me twitch when the gold comes crashing off. But at the moment it's finding a certainly a decent area of support around that 121270 area. And I think there's a reason for that. Essentially, gold becomes uneconomic to mine once it drops below $1,200, $1,100 an ounce. And if you get any further declines in gold that is certainly going to limit the downside because miners will just stop pulling it out of the ground. But what we want to see on gold prices and it's very, very difficult to make a case for gold prices rallying when the feds basically continue to pair back its asset purchase program. It's very difficult to make a case for the gold gains. But we still got geopolitical risk on the table. And that is what is also helping to underpin gold prices. So that's certainly worth bearing in mind over the course of the next few trading sessions. The Ukraine problem is not going to go away. And it's likely to keep investors a little bit risk a verse on any dips in the gold price. But what I would really want to see in that is a move below, I'm sorry, a move above $1,320. And at the moment we're not really any close to seeing that. So certainly worth keeping an eye on around about 1265, 1270. Okay, ladies and gents, before I sign off, just thought I'd let you know about a new event that I'm going to be running this week with my colleague Colin in Canada. We're going to be hosting jointly a presentation or an analyst debates webinar, which you can sign up for on the education section of the website. So three o'clock in the afternoon on Thursday. And essentially what we're going to be doing is we're just going to be shooting the breeze if you like, talking about the markets, talking about set ups, looking at where we see the markets going, looking for trading opportunities. It's half an hour, you're more than welcome to join it will be recorded, but it will only be recorded for half an hour. Once the half an hour is up, we will take it offline or stop recording. And then we'll do Q&A between you guys and us about, you know, what markets you're looking at, sentiment of the market, any particular technical analysis set ups that you want us to look at, pattern recognition, whatever you want. So it's called Analyst Debates. It's on the 15th of May this week. It starts at three o'clock. Please feel free to sign up. Love to see you there. We're going to have it once a month. And we're hoping that if we can get some debate going in some, you know, sort of to and fro going between us and you guys, it will hopefully make you come to, you know, hopefully better trading decisions or improve your trading decision progress. As I say, I've been doing this for over 20 years. Colin's been pretty much the same. So we've got 40 plus years of doing this, not always getting it right, very occasionally or quite occasionally getting it wrong. But the good thing is we can talk about our mistakes and talk about where we went wrong and hopefully not do it again. OK, so on that note, ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to thank you for attending this webinar and I hope to see you on Thursday. Unless anyone has any questions.


Kira Fano. My name is Blanche Kaira. My venture is the democratization of the fight against antibiotic resistant superbugs using a frontline medical device. That's my brother in the White Chair. He lives here in New Zealand and he's already kwi-fied, if you know what I mean. That's my mum. She passed away in 1996 after succumbing to an illness caused by an infection. And that's me in 1973, three months old, a ho tutu in the making. My mum was my source of inspiration to join the healthcare sector. After maneuvering through several obstacles, I was able to imagine the molecular biology master's degree, which paved way for me in the healthcare sector. I have had over ten years experience in healthcare service and during this time I have overseen projects in 31 countries, spanning 11 Caribbean countries and 20 African countries. During this time, I have participated and actively led teams in the detection and surveillance of disease agents and in one particular instance my team was able to participate in the timely management of the 2009 swine flu pandemic in Uganda with zero fatalities. Additional efforts have been in the strengthening of public health systems totaling to 1,147 in stringent adherence to the ISO 15189 standard towards international accreditation. Throughout this time, the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance caught my attention. For the benefit of everybody that is here, antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to subdue the effectiveness of antibiotics that have been designed, developed and administered to kill them. Basically that means that they cannot be treated and this bacteria live on. Antibiotic resistance is caused by poor or lack of hygiene, increased needless use in livestock management, misuse of antibiotics, using them wrongly, under use in cases where people do not complete their treatments, over use and sadly it's been reported that over the last four years there's been an increase by 6.5% in the needless use of antibiotics. Sometimes we go to hospitals to get our infections treated only to leave them with other infections. Also over the last 30 years it's no new antibiotic class has been developed meaning that these antibiotic resistant bacteria are not treatable hence the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance globally. We need to act now so that we can preserve modern medicine. If we don't act now there's going to be an increase in margins of new super bugs. Also keep in mind that super bugs will not respect your borders, they'll find you anywhere. In the US alone it's been reported that in one year there are over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. Also some illnesses among patients have prevailed simply because these patients also have infections caused by antibiotic bacteria. Consequently it has led to long hospital days and in adults this can be translated to lost productivity. It goes without saying antibiotic resistance is associated with high healthcare costs totaling to 20 billion in some cases 35 billion US dollars. Needless deaths have occurred because of antibiotic resistance in children and globally. The World Health Organization and CDC have called for urgent action to combat the crisis. If we don't act now we are faced with the threat of a post antibiotic error. Basically this means illnesses caused by bacteria that were previously treatable will now be not treatable and if this prevails for too long we might become extinct. Keep in mind that as we continue to ignore the problem costings associated with its management will go up. It's been estimated it can go up to over 100 trillion US dollars. The UN's Sustainable Goals also call for urgent action. Goal 3 is applicable to this quest and basically it states that we need to work towards good health and well-being. Goal 10 calls for reduced inequalities and Goal 17 calls for sustainable partnerships for sustainability of such causes as this. During the time that I have worked in the healthcare sector I have overseen the execution of patient satisfaction surveys and some of the key frustrations highlighted were the high costs associated with treatment of these infections, the very low doctor patient ratios, the high time, the long waiting hours that patients have faced as they are trying to see a doctor or wait for results to come back and the doubts that they have displayed with regard to the quality of testing results because they know that these health facilities do not have the necessary infrastructure but they have no options so they keep going to these health facilities. These findings guided me in the design of a solution which is a product as a service that I've called Musao. Musao is a local word that means doctor. This device will help in the detection and tracking and also the treatment of these antibiotics, these antibiotic resistant threats. I intend for it to be affordable to everybody in the globe and affordable to everybody. I'd like to emphatically say that it should be affordable by all persons that live on less than $2.5 per day which constitutes 50% of the global population. It will be easy to use using three simple steps. It will provide results in real time where real time I'll define as under 10 minutes and it will have unacceptable threshold of accuracy. I believe strongly that for this to happen we need to incorporate behavioral change with an integration of technology. This will lead to the mitigation and significant reduction of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. I do not know why these people have had this life suffering with these infections and sometimes losing their lives but I know that I'm here in New Zealand on a mission. I come to you all, Fano, co-creators and the global community with my offer which is sharing my knowledge and my experiences in the field. I also come to you with an open mind ready to work with you all. I need funding. I need access to your laboratories and I need partnerships for the sustainability of this quest. Will you work with me? Thank you.


What it is you to, is your boy, BIRT! Damn, hold up, I forgot, I straight forgot. Hold up, hey, come here real quick. Jogged my memory, what was it? Oh, thank you! BIST! You know what I'm saying? Now look, y'all know we be doing the exposure and fake duty defense. But today, I'm gonna make it a little bit different. We're gonna be putting ourselves on the line. You know what I'm saying? Well, otherwise, we're gonna be putting our pockets on the line. So, you know, I don't got cash on me, but cash out is the cash out. Basically, I'm gonna be seeing if people can name that juice world song for a cash prize. You said, what was your question? You said, how much? How much? Oh, a thousand per person. We're going hard on this, you know what I'm saying? That's why the title, I'm gonna try to find ten people. That's why the title says ten thousand. But each person, if they get all the lyrics right, but if they guess the song right, then they're gonna get a thousand dollars. Now look, I'm gonna be real. I need y'all to remember to watch these ads. And please, please, please, please hit that like button, you know what I'm saying? Because I need the support. For me to do this video, this is a lot of money, y'all. I'm gonna need y'all to watch these ads. As a matter of fact, go to other videos and watch ads too, because I need, I'm a knee job, bro. I'm a knee job. Hey, hold up. Wait, editing biscuit in the building. Look, now, I wanted to let y'all know this video, I got so many clips with this video, bro. And this video would have been so long. This video would have been over 30 minutes with all the clips I had. So, I had to split it up, you know what I'm saying? So, there's only six clips in this video. If I want the part two with more clips and the rest of the clips, I need y'all to leave a like and go spammy boy up on Instagram and tell me to drop that bit. But let's go back to the original biscuit. Let's go back to the video biscuit. This is gonna be a banger. This is slightly different. It's a new series. New series, you know what I'm saying? I realize y'all like juice world content. So, you know, I'm just trying to give y'all which I like. That's all. So, yeah, RIP to the king. But let's see if I'm finna go down in debt. Oh, God. Let's get it. All right, y'all. You know what I'm saying? Today, we are here with... The one and only Drippy TC. Why you turn around like that? All right. So, look, Drippy, you know what I'm saying? How you feel about juice?  I like that. I like that. Okay. So, how do you feel about money? Everybody likes money. Come on up. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Specifically $1,000. Yeah, whatever. Huh? Yeah. I'm not happy over $1,000. You don't seem like... Like, what? Is $1,000 not enough to you? I mean, like, bro, that's just like... Man, like, $1,000 is a lot. But like, nigga, come on, man. Okay. Well, you know what? Since $1,000 is a lot to you. The challenge was going to be... If you could tell me what the juice song is, when I sing you the lyrics, I'm going to give you $1,000. But since $1,000 is a lot, you only get $10, nigga. If you win. Man, I'll take it, nigga. I'll take what I can get. You what? Nigga, is you good?  What have you been going through today, bro? Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay. So what's that song? What's that song you just sang? Oh, what's the song I just sang?   Oh, okay.  Okay, well, look, that's the first thing. That is the song. That is, that is, that is, that is, that is. All right, so that's one right. Okay. So the next song we got for you.   What's that song called? Give me another verse from the beginning. Give me a verse from the beginning. Live's good, so I'll be in great. I did up my lady, we should take a vacay. Damn. I can't give you that one. You can't? No. You for real? So that's you giving up?  I'm on to the next song. You only, you know, you had to get all of them right. You want to do it? Nigga, why you give me that song though? Either way, it don't matter, you got a room. By the way, you know what's crazy? That song that I just said, the title of that song, I said it like six times. Hey, you said, I don't remember what you said.    Oh yeah, I didn't repeat what I said.  You would have got ten dollars. Ten dollars. You would have been a thousand, but you acting selfish, so. Not acting selfish? Yeah. I'm grateful. Get out of my video, bro. All right, so today we are here with Trash Gay Lady, man, follow my YouTube and follow my Instagram, right? Here, nigga. I'm not putting it on the screen. It'll be in the description though. But look, so look. How they jumping on what they doing out there? All right, but look. So today, Trash. She ain't bad. Face that. No, she didn't. No, she didn't. Okay, so like today, you know how we usually do the exposing fake fans, but we're not going to do that. Basically, all you got to do, I'm going to give you three courses and you just have to guess what that song is. And you know what you win? The dick? Huh? You win cash. Can I have your heart instead? You can have like a piece of it. A piece of it. Okay, this is some heart. In the thousand dollars. I don't want the money. Okay. Okay, so look. Basically, we're going to start, okay? So, for the first one I got for you. I admit it. Another hoe got me finished.  Oh no, you did it. I'm trying to hoe nigga. I'm a killer. Cause you know I'm a killer. That's not. That's the better feel the purpose of you. The song name. What's the song name? The song name? Huh. How you know the lyrics when you don't know the song? I think that song name.  Look at me by X. Oh, I do the song that quick. Is juice world today? No, it's look at me by X. It's juice world. That's all called the same.  Unfortunately, we will not be able to give you your prize today. So, I'm sorry. Don't I get three shots? I get one? No, you have to get all three. Well, can I try the other two? Okay, sure. All right, the next one we got. Toxic. Toxic. Toxic. Ain't that DDG song toxic, bro? That's DDG, my nigga.   Juice world is. I should let you know. That's my only one. Are you saying DDG, dumbass boy? All right, last one. Let's hit you with that ring ring. I don't feel like coming to the phone today. Oh, I know that song for sure. Ring ring, phone call from addiction.  Still all wrong.  That ain't juice world, nigga. That's melly. This sound.  All right, y'all. So today I'm here with. Heaven. Heaven. Heaven. Heaven. Heaven. Heaven. Your name is not heaven. My name is heaven. I think you cabin. Matter of fact, no, you come here too. Actually, I'm gonna do both. Yeah, I'm gonna do it because I ain't trying to give away double money. All right. And? Sloppy toppy. Wait a minute. Wait. Wait a minute. Hold, wait. First of all, you're not gonna speed past that. Like you didn't just say what you just said. All right. Y'all gotta go. Your name not heaven. And your name definitely not known. Let me just make sure I heard that right. Say it one time. Sloppy toppy. Yo. How y'all feel about music? Music. Music. It's cool. It's nice. Okay. Okay. How y'all feel about juice world? I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. R.P. R.P. R.P. Yeah. Yeah. So how you feel about juice world? Don't say the same. Hey, cool. He just be having suicide thoughts. Basically, I'm gonna give y'all some choruses and some verses. Y'all just gotta tell me what the song name is. I'm gonna give y'all three. If I get all three right, I'll give y'all 500 each. Okay. Okay, bet. So for the first one I got, I admit it. Another hoe got me finished. Broke my heart. Oh, no, she didn't. But sit, man. I'm gonna down the whole bottle. Give me the title. Not the lyrics. The title? The title. Wait. How did the song go? You just went off on the song. Right. How you gonna say the song, but not on the words? Why you going off on her? You can say something.  I don't know. These girls are the same. I think these girls are the same. You got a word wrong. You know what? We're gonna be nice and let that slide. Tell me in the comments below. Do y'all think I should let that slide? I'm gonna just give y'all a benefit of the doubt. You know what I'm saying?  What's that song title? La la la la la la. Maybe I should keep her out the video. The title. I don't know that song.  Give me one. Give me one. Life's good, so I'm living great. Bro, see, I don't even... Well, baby got the bag. Is that your final answer? Mm-hmm. All right, well, that was wrong. The title.  And I said that like five times when I... Like, y'all just had to say...   Well, y'all just missed out on $1,000. How do you feel? I'm okay with it, honestly. I'll stay broke. I don't think you got the money anyway. Why people keep thinking I don't... You just calling me broke? You... You... Look at what you wearing. Your socks.  First of all, these socks are... Your socks are dusty, though. These are just normal Nike socks. No, no, no, no. These... This... These aren't Adidas.  These ain't Adidas, but you don't got... You don't got... Why y'all violating me? Fuck. Cut, cut, cut, cut, cut. All right, y'all. So today I'm here with... Nathaniel. Nathaniel? Oh, he gave the fool Nathaniel. I just... Nathaniel, okay. Nathan, so you're talking to Nathaniel now. Okay, okay. So Nathan or Nathaniel. We'll call you Nathaniel. How do you... How do you feel about Juice World specifically? Oh, his music? Mm-hmm. Um, rest in peace, but I... It wasn't really for me, to be honest. Okay, okay. Well, I feel that. I feel that. How do you feel about money? You like money, right? Of course. On a skiff of one to ten, how you feel about money? I mean, it can be bad or good, but like... Is a thousand dollars good or bad? It's great. It's great? You want a chance to get a thousand dollars? Yes. Okay, bet. So look, this is a challenge. Basically, I just want to see... You got... There's three songs I'm going to give you. I'm going to rap like a chorus on a verse from Juice World. If you can name all three songs, I'll give you a thousand dollars. That's the end? I won't be able to. That was music. Honestly, this is lucky for me then because I wasn't trying to give nobody a thousand dollars. So we're going to start off easy then. So the first one we got, I still see your shadows in my room. I've heard that one. That sounds familiar. This is a thousand dollars. This is an easy a thousand dollars you can get. It ain't easy because I don't know any of his albums or anything. Damn, I don't know that one either. Damn. I really don't. This could have been an easier... I could guess based on the lyrics, but that's just a guess. Try to take a guess. Do it again, do it one more time. I still see your shadows in my room. Shadows. That would have been a nice title, but unfortunately, you're incorrect. So that means you can't get the thousand dollars. Okay. Well, I got some other money on my way from your friend. Hustler, I like that. I like... VJ, give him this money for your video. Where's his money? I think I forgot. Where's his money? You're hanging around. I didn't forget. You got casual. Damn, I am here with. Cory. Okay, so Cory, how's your day going first? Let me just ask. I don't ask you that often. How's your day going, Cory? It's going good, man. I feel good out here. You ready for your day to get better? Yes. Okay, so first question. How do you feel about Juice World? Juice World. He's cool. He's cool. Okay, okay. So how do you feel about money? Oh, I love money. Go on. Okay. How do you feel about a thousand dollars? All right, that's good. I like that. You sound like you're smiling other than that. Okay, so I want to give you a challenge. Basically, I'm going to give you three. I'm going to recite three choruses or verses from Juice World. If you can get all three right, I will give you a thousand dollars. All right. Are you down? Of course you're down. Of course you're down. Okay, so for the first one I'm going to do, I still see your shadows in my room. You just got to tell me what the song's called. Is that Lucid Dreams? That is the script. I like that.  Okay, so the next one we got, I'm trying to think. Should I go easy on you, Cory? I guess, man. I don't know, because this is a thousand dollars we're talking about. All right, so next one. I don't need no Mali to be savage. What's long as that, Cory? I don't know, darling. You don't know? I don't think I know, man. You want to try to give a random guess of the title, because you might hit it. I don't need no Mali to be savage. But when I'm on that Mali, I feel savage. He doesn't. I'm not going to ignore that. I'm going to ignore that. He just did that. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. Dang. You got 33 percent. He was like, thank you. You got 33 percent. This would have been the easiest. Imagine if somebody was like, damn, when did you get a thousand dollars? Someone came up to me and asked me juice songs and I got them and I got them. This could have been the easiest a thousand. I know. I ain't got it though. I don't think I can get it, man. All right, so today, I am here with. Okay, okay, Zay. So how do you feel about Juice World? He cool. He cool?  Okay, okay, okay. So how do you feel about money? The type of type of. I like this. That's a valid answer. You know what I'm saying? So look, I'm going to give you a chance to get some paper right now. All right, specifically a thousand dollars. So basically, if you can get all three of these songs right, like tell me what the song names are. All right. You can get that. You get that guap. You know what I'm saying? We can give you a thousand dollars. Okay, okay. You're down for that challenge? Yeah. I'm in the money. I'm in the money. I'm here. We got cash up. All right, I'm about to say it. I don't care around cash. That's the easy way to get robbed. All right. So look, for the first dude. You said what? The Shikes the Air City. No Cal. So look, for the first song we got, I still see your shadows in my room. What song is that? That's the Lucid Dreams, ain't it? Okay, okay, okay. That's the first one. That's a great guess. Okay, bet. So next song we got, she told me put my heart in the bag and nobody gets hurt.  What's the all girls of the song? No, that is that. That's the song and I ain't gonna say it. I know it though. I know the words. I know the words of the song. I just forgot the name of the song. Unfortunately, this is a figure that title. So that means that's incorrect then. So I can't give you the guap. It's all good. All right, y'all. Subscribe, like, comment, you know what I'm saying? As you can see, your boy doesn't have to give no money away. If y'all want to part two, I'm gonna need 10,000 likes. I really don't want to have to give nobody money. So I hope y'all don't even hit that like goal. But if y'all do, y'all do it. If y'all don't, y'all don't. It's your boy Biskie and we out.


This is part three of lecture nine. So far, we talked about the behavior of the individual in the group. And we also saw that groups do not necessarily bring out the best in us. On the contrary, we may start performing worse on the tasks that we are supposed to be doing. We also might show very anti-social behavior when we become part of a big group. But what happens if we are instructed to really work together with a group and specifically if we have to make decisions together? So there is way more knowledge available in groups than in one individual alone. And this is something that social psychologists refer to as transactive memory. So if you combine basically all the skills, all the memory capacities of all individuals, you have transactive memory and then you should be able to make much better decisions. However, our ability to make good decisions is often impaired when we become part of a group. And this is something that is referred to as process loss. So somewhere along the way, even though we actually have in theory the capacity to make a very good decision, we fail to do so. And we will now discuss two of the most sort of the biggest issues that can occur when people start making decisions together. The first one is group think and the second one is group polarization. So group think basically refers to the psychological process that if you have to make a decision together with a group, there is something that happens that impairs your capacity to make a good decision. And that is that oftentimes people are way more motivated to agree with each other, to remain harmonious in the group, to have a nice cohesive group in which everybody just goes along with each other, then to critically evaluate the decision and make a very good decision. And group think occurs oftentimes when big decisions have to be made, also consequent decisions with a lot of consequences. For example, political decisions. This happens for example with the decision of President Kennedy in 1961 to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, very famous political failure basically. So what he did was he basically invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs with a very small group of CIA agents. He was a bit cocky, he thought that he would just be able to with this very small manpower overthrow the Fidel Castro regime because the United States is so powerful. He doesn't need a lot of people and a lot of manpower to overthrow this regime.  And this decision to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs is just so wrong in so many ways. And this is a very clear example of group think. So just to give you some context here, President Kennedy was just elected. So in 1961 he invaded Cuba in the 60s he was elected and it was a very close victory so he was super happy that he won and he surrounded himself with basically a group of advisors that really loved him and adored him. So all his advisors were really close to him. It was a very homogeneous group, very tight-knit. They had not yet made any big political decision. So they were basically clueless on well-developed methods for making complicated political decisions. They hadn't done so yet. This was the first big decision that Kennedy made and also what is really clear is that Kennedy from the beginning on he said out loud, I want to invade Cuba. He basically already made the decision. This was not something he discussed with the advisors. The only thing he asked the advisors was on detail, so how should I go about it? So he didn't even reconsider, he wouldn't reconsider doing it at all. So this is basically the perfect cocktail for group think to occur because we know that group think is more likely to occur in groups that are very cohesive, very close groups. If they are isolated from the rest, if their leader is very directive, Kennedy was a very directive authoritarian leader, poor decision-making procedures and stress, crisis, you know, stressful situation, definitely also adds to the likelihood that group think occurs. So he made this very bad decision and even though he was surrounded by people that should have told him, don't do it. This is a very bad idea. So how can group think be prevented? What could Kennedy have done, you know, to prevent him from making this political blunder? Well, first of all, it's very important that the leader reconsider his or her approach. So the leader should remain impartial, not say anything that sort of is an indication of the preference of the leader. So the complete opposite of what Kennedy did, he immediately made clear what he wanted to do. He shouldn't have done that, remain impartial. He should also seek anonymous opinions, okay, not ask people to say out loud what they think. Also for this, please think back of the Ash experiment, right, with on conformity. If participants could write down the answers anonymously, then they were indeed giving the correct answer. So giving your opinion anonymously definitely also helps for group members to speak up and also, you know, be more critical of the leader's ideas. A devil's advocate can be assigned. So that's one person in a group that's really assigned the position of, you know, think of criticism of this plan. So be very critical on this plan. Outside opinions should also be seeked. So ask outsiders for their opinion, people outside of your bubble, and develop a plan B. What if it fails? What is an other option, something that we can do? Or maybe something that's maybe even in the end, a better plan. Okay, so group think is definitely the cause of many political failures, but group think happens, you know, outside of politics as well. For example, in companies with very strong leaders, here you see, I can imagine that this is sort of the director, very authoritarian director of a certain company saying, yes, let's please vote on this motion for merging our company with the other company. And everybody, all the individuals on the table, think to themselves, no, this is a terrible idea, you've got to be kidding me, don't do it. But at the same time, they're all nodding their heads. And all saying, yeah, yeah, of course, very good idea. It's basically the ash experiment in decision making. And this is what we, as psychologists, refer to as pluralistic ignorance. So pluralistic ignorance is when people think, so people in a group think that everybody else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, which in fact they are not. So everybody else is thinking, I am probably the only one that is disagreeing, so I should just remain quiet and not speak up. And this is actually something that happens in the classroom as well, that I, for example, if I'm standing in front of a big lecture hall and there's a lot of students and I ask students, so are there any questions? Oftentimes I see people looking around like, I have a question, but nobody else is raising their hands. Also an example of pluralistic ignorance. Oftentimes you think I'm probably the only person in this entire room that doesn't get it.  And at the same time it's very likely that a lot of students, a lot of other people are thinking the same thing, so are also not getting it. But nobody dares to raise their hand, nobody dares to ask a question. So this is an example of pluralistic ignorance. Also please keep this in mind for the Q&A sessions that we have speak up, you know, because if you have a question, the likelihood that someone else in this group has the same question is very, very high. And maybe even, you know, a lot of people, maybe even the majority of the group is thinking the same. Okay, so so far we talked about groupthink, very important phenomena that occurs when groups make decisions together. Now let's move on to the second topic and that's group polarization. And in order to introduce that, let me tell you the story of Mark. Here's he, Mark. Mark is a high school teacher. He is pretty happy with his job, but he has this big dream of writing a novel. He has this idea of a novel for a long time and he knows, you know, I cannot write it in the evening hours, I need to focus, I need to, you know, just clear my agenda and go somewhere and just write all days. But yeah, should I do it?  And he's contemplating doing so and you know, of course, there's risks involved. He can, of course, his book can be a big failure. He cannot sell any copies and then if he quit his job, he might not get his job back. So, you know, there's risks involved in quitting his job. So today Mark has a meeting with a publisher who will estimate his chances that his book will be a success. And then this chance would be, you know, on a scale from one, probably a complete failure, to ten, definitely going to be a bestseller. So what do you think is an acceptable risk on a scale from one to ten? What is the number that you think would be a good outcome for this publisher to say, okay, I'll go for it? Okay, think about that for a moment and then let's imagine that you'll have a group discussion about this and you talk to each other and you talk about the situation and together you have to combine your opinions and come up with a number for Mark for his estimation on when he should quit his job. So this is an example of group decision-making and this is also an example of potential for group polarization because initially what you would think is, let's imagine you have certain outcomes that go from less risky, very safe outcomes to very risky. If you take the average of the individual choice, then this should be the group choice, right? If you take the average of all the individuals, some are a bit more risky, others are a bit less risky, then the average is just what the decision of the group will be. But this is not what happens. So Stoner's already demonstrated this in 1961, so if the average individual choice is already a little bit to the risky side, after discussing it with the group, the group decision will be even more risky and this is called group polarization. So you become more polarized, more extreme in your decision-making once you discuss it with the group. And if something like this occurs, so if the average individual choice is already a little bit risky and the group choice becomes very risky, this is called the risky shift. So later on, actually this experiment has been conducted and let's imagine let's go back to the situation of Mark and you get some additional info, namely Mark is actually at this very moment already broke. He has no money at all and he's also the single dad of these two super cute kids. So what do you think now? Should Mark quit his job to follow his dream? What would be an acceptable number, you know, from 1 to 10 to quit his job? So with this additional information, I bet you become a little bit more safe in your choice, right? If the average individual choice is less risky, then what you see is that the group choice becomes even safer and this is called the cautious shift. So people become more cautious, more conservative when they are already a bit on the safe side. So you might wonder, you know, good question, why does group polarization occur? Well, there's many explanations but I'll just focus on two key elements. First of all, the informational influence. Groups, group members give us information and specifically, if we start talking to our group members, they might come up with different arguments, some things that we have not considered yet and this is called the persuasive arguments interpretation. So group members come up with convincing arguments that you have not considered yet. So you are already maybe a bit to the risky side and then you hear additional arguments in line with this risky perspective and you think, yes, it's a very good idea to be more risky and you shift, so you become riskier because you just hear new information. So because you get new information, your decision becomes more polarized. One perspective. The other perspective, of course, is the normative influence. So we don't only follow the group because they give us information, we also follow the group because we want to fit in and we compare ourselves to other group members and especially if it's a cohesive group, a group that we love to be part of, we know that if a group is already leaning a bit towards the risky side, we compare ourselves to other group members and we want to be a good group member and take a little bit more of an extreme point of view as a self-presentation tool, basically, to be seen as a better group member. So you think, well, this group is already a bit extreme, a bit risky, so I'll present myself as even riskier. So I'll be sort of the leader of this risky group and if this happens, it's social comparison, you compare yourself to others, normative influence leading to more group polarization. So as a summary, and I'm sad that this is the conclusion again, groups do not always bring out the best in us. So also when it comes to making decisions in a group, even though we have the capacity to make very good decisions if you join all our forces and all our insights and all our opinions, we have to make sure that we prevent group think and group polarization to actually make a good decision.


The governor of River State, Nisamuike, has stated that he and his party, the People's Democratic Party, do not trust the independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, to keep data and materials from the last elections safe. He stated that because he and his party do not trust the Electoral Empire or position parties, he had taken the liberty to save data from the elections in a flash drive which he displayed. He spoke during an interview with journalist in Port Harcourt at the River State Capitol. All the plans, all the results they have needed to come and move to the table, we have it. It's a flash. I'm telling you, I have everything they have planned to do. It's not, it's not their business. The source of information is not matter what material is the relevance of it. That's what I'm saying. You are dealing with criminals. Are you going to be extra vigilant? People can go to every land to procure documents and you'll be shocked what you see in the tribunal. You'll be shocked.  So the one you're coming out to make reports, you can be sure that you're talking authoritatively, not what clients or lawyers on the other side grief you. What you see in tribunal, you'll be so shocked. Speaking on the arrest of some lawyers of opposition parties in the state in relation to allegations of fraud, the governor stated that the arrests were in order and that it was left to the police to investigate and establish whether or not a crime was committed. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Just got to be introduced, that's all. You're paying too much attention to everything around you, not enough attention to this one. But the quality of your life is essentially determined by how you carry this one. Yes or no? This moment, what kind of clothes you're wearing, what kind of car you parked outside, what kind of home you live in does not determine the quality of your life. This moment, how joyful are you feeling within yourself? Determines the quality of your life, isn't it so? Nothing has been done about it. You think it'll happen in consequence and you're setting impossible goals for your happiness. If I have to be happy, my wife should be like this, my husband should be like that, my children should be like this, the world should become some other way. Well, these are impossible conditions you're setting for your happiness and peacefulness. Now that you have compromised yourself to peace, why I'm saying compromise yourself to peace is because a lot of people have given up aspirations for being ecstatic or blissful. If I'm just peaceful, it's enough. Even the so-called spiritual leaders are going about and saying peace is the highest goal in your life. Peace is not the highest goal in your life. If you want to enjoy your lunch today, you must be peaceful. Yes or no? If you're not even peaceful, there is nothing in your life that you can do in a worthwhile way. To be peaceful essentially means this, that you're not messing your mind. To be peaceful means that your system is at ease.  It is not a rocket technology. It is the most basic thing.  Maybe not ecstatic, but peacefully. Many times they're ecstatic also. Yes?  That's not the point. He's got his own stuff going. See it has nothing to do with the external activity that you're doing. It's got something to do with the internal systems as to how they're functioning. Essentially it means either your body, nor your mind, nor your chemistry, nor your emotions, nor your energy are taking instructions from you. They're doing their own thing. Once your machine is not in your control, being peaceful is impossible. I'll tell you, you get into your car and now you go there and you want to turn this way. You do this to the steering, it goes this way. Can you peacefully drive this car? Can you? No. Anxiety is natural, isn't it? This is what has happened to your vehicle. It's out of control. You've never done anything to find out where the steering wheel is, first of all. This is not that simple as a car. This is a super, super computer. Now the problem is most people have not even bothered to find the keyboard. They think if they do this somehow it'll work. If you make… When you're given such a highly sophisticated machine, if you do not conduct it properly, it will cause many problems to you. By accident it's working. I want you to know this, this is made this way. If you hold your hands like this, it'll breathe one way. If you just turn it around, the very way you breathe, the breathing pattern itself changes in your lungs. You can try it if you want when you own, have the time. This way, this way. I'm saying everything that you do, fundamental changes are happening in this machine because it's such a sophisticated machine. It's more than a touchscreen. If you just wish it, it will happen. When you have such a sensitive and sophisticated machine and you are operating like a blacksmith, then being peaceful seems to be difficult. Peace is not the highest goal in your life. It is the most fundamental requirement. Don't ever set peace as the highest goal. If you do that, you'll only rest in peace. You must see, to be peaceful is the first thing in your life, isn't it? If you want to do anything sensibly in your life, if you want to do, conduct any situation in your life sensibly, to be peaceful and happy is fundamental. Such a fundamental thing is rising to heavens these days. People think they're going to be peaceful somewhere else, not here, because you have never paid attention to this machine. Never paid attention to the internal mechanism of how a human being functions, what is the basis of everything that's happening within you. It takes a little bit of attention. That's why our basic program is called as inner engineering. We have engineered the whole world the way we want it. Much comfort and convenience has come, but well-being has not come, isn't it? Because well-being will not come. Well-being will come only when this is engineered the way you want it. Only then you will know well-being.