Well, I had another successful beer season, luckily this year, since we don't have any other way to get meat. So I was really glad I was able to get to eat beer about the time ago. And so I'm in the middle of processing it now. I'm here cleaning up my beer stand, so that it can sit empty from winter. But yeah, I just want to kind of walk through the process of how I was able to get the beer and what I did with them to save the meat so we can eat it all next year. You can hear the beer season, which is one of my few ways that I can now get meat. Seeing as we can't just pop over to the grocery store and buy anything. So I am out and I've been out here since sunrise. I've already seen seven doughs, but I'm going to wait to shoot a dough or a female deer. At least for a day or two. Just because it only takes one, two, and pregnant a whole bunch of doughs. But a dough is only going to produce one or two deer every year. So I might as well leave that alone if I can help it. Going up a little lunch. I've seen plenty of doughs and one buck, but the buck didn't come this way. Now I'm just having a bit of lunch, taking a break, looking forward to the afternoon. This was surprisingly not as hard as I expected to bring in a deer on the back of a bike. Glad to know I can do it without a truck if need be. The deer is one of the best insulating animal hairs. It's hollow, it's really warm. And so right now all the body heat from this deer is stuck inside. So I need to get this hide off of him as soon as I can and open up his chest cavity so he can cool down. So the meat can hang and season a little bit. I've been hunting deer since I was a little kid. I've been helping butcher deer since before that. The big part of growing up and getting most of our meat. Well, a lot of our meat, I don't know if most, but quite a lot of our meat from venison, from my great uncle's property. It's quite the family tradition. Then when I left Northern Minnesota, went to college and other things, people kind of looked down their nose at hunting and wild game. And I didn't do it for years and not because of peer pressure. Just I didn't have the time or capacity. I didn't have a vehicle. I lived in a place I didn't have access to hunting land and I just never got a chance to do it. And then when we moved to somewhere where I could go hunting, we started talking about buying only grass fed organic beef from farmers we could meet that sort of thing. Looking at a more ethical way to source meat because of just craziness that is industrial meat production. We wanted to get a more healthier, happier animal sort of thing. And so I floated the idea of Laurel, what if I start hunting? Because even with the violence of shooting a deer and butchering it myself, this animal has had a much happier life I would imagine than any cow or any domesticated animal. Even those with the best life. I think this deer probably had a better life than our chickens and our chickens have a pretty darn good life. And I try and do my best to kill them quickly and cleanly, reduce the suffering as much as I possibly can. Try not to take chancey shots, running, anything like that. This deer, for example, probably died within 10 seconds of getting hit because it went through both of his lungs and his diaphragm. So he essentially couldn't breathe almost instantly. And he wasn't able to run away or anything. I feel good about that. Doesn't always go that cleanly. But that's what we tried for. So a deer like this, which is probably judging from the horns a year and a half old. So he would have been a fawn born not last spring but spring before. Maybe a year before that. It's hard to tell sometimes. We're probably going to get anywhere between 40 and 60 pounds of meat depending on how closely I clean in this year. I'll probably be cleaning them pretty close because we don't want as much meat as we can get. Even if it's meat that we end up giving to the dog without access to dog food. It's going to be nice to get her some more protein and us as well of course. We're just about out of meat from last year because we can't go to the grocery store and buy meat. This is it. It's like taking off the world's most stubborn fur coat. Hit him in the back. He was 200 yards away so I aimed actually a little high. But it looks like I didn't need to do that. I thought I'd hit him in the lungs because he went down so quickly. You can see the steam. I don't know if the camera's picking it up but the steam coming out of him will only increase once I get the chest cavity open.  We may try and render that and make soap actually. Something we have to look up on the internet to see if that's even possible but deer soap. Not a huge deer. Not small either though. It's a medium.  But otherwise he is just going to sit and open up his chest cavity here. You just see the steam. I don't know if you can but the steam is just rising out of him. So I want to get this meat down as cool as possible as quickly as possible so that it'll be good to eat. Well it's now a few days later and the deer has been hanging up. So now I'm going to basically cut it up into bits. I've got some bins over here for saving fat, saving hamburger and then saving stew meat. And then also saving roasts and things like that. Right now I'm just pulling off chunks of fat.  Never mind the boy there. So instead of using it to flavor things like sausage I'm giving it to Lauren after I render it to turn into soap. To use the fat to turn into soap. So my butchering I just use a filet knife. That's all I really need. So first I'm going to take off this elbow. So I'm not going to make an instructional video how to do this. There are much better videos out there for people who know a lot more about what they're doing than I do. I'll link to the best one I know of. I learned how to butcher the basics I learned from my dad. Growing up this used to be a Sunday afternoon. At the end of an airpunting weekend we'd cut up and grind whatever meat we had gotten that weekend. Usually watching the Vikings game. But now I live in Wisconsin so I've got to keep that a little quiet.  So that'll get ground up into hamburger. This bucket when I'm not actively cutting up a deer will go outside because it's a refrigerator temperature outside which helps me because I don't have a lot of refrigerator capacity. So being able to use the outdoors as a fridge is super useful. I've had the deer hanging up in the garage for a few days now. And now we have another shoulder. Time to get this second shoulder off. Like I said the shoulder isn't really held on by anything other than muscle and tissue. So it's really just pulling and cutting the connected tissue. I'm going to take this whole deer apart with a four inch boning knife. There it goes. Take space at a minimum. The reason for doing that is stew meat's going to get cooked anyway. So I might as well cube it and cook it now. And then we can add it to chilies and foods. Deer meat has to be canned in a pressure canner for 75 minutes for pints. I have a little amount of pressure. It lids on here. You don't have to add any juices. It's just cut up venison and it cooks. It creates its own juices and literally stews in its own juices. And then they're shelf-stable for a year so I can pop them on the shelf instead of taking up freezer space with nine more pounds of venison. The pressure cooker underway. We're at about 12 pounds. It's been 15 minutes and then these will be done. Nine pints of stew meat.  Put it in a half a cup of water.  Never had deer soap before. Supposedly actually makes pretty good soap because that's good because deer fat is basically useless for anything else. You can't eat it.  It's not very pleasant. It's not a great eating fat unfortunately. The choke point of our... And slices it and pushes it through a little bit of a gate. Kind of like this. This is the fine. I've got the course on there. I'll run it through once. Chill the meat again. And then run it through on the fine setting and then package it up. After about 45 minutes I've got just little... Krispies there. And then almost three pounds of fat. Which will get turned into soap like I've said. So we'll wait for that to cool. I'm trying to get just a little bit more fat out of there. A little more water. Which steams it and all the fat drops out. I pour it through the colander. And then I pour the fat right into these cans. Deer fat.  Is that right? Yes. We're making... Are we? Lauren's making... Soap. That's not terrifying. Safety first, huh? Professor? Yes. Wear gloves. So what's being poured in the lye? It's being poured into the... Lye into the oil. Lye into liquid. Not the other way around. And this nice butter color? Yes it will. It may fade a little bit but... Crisis averted. We found a cap. A lot of soap. Yeah. How many bars will that be? Depends on the size of the bar you want. Okay. I'd say it's probably... 12 to 15. Right. Well I'm quite literally back to the grind. I'm working through about 27 pounds of meat and fat that I'm grinding from chunks into small bits. It's been freezing outside all night so it's nice and cold. Not quite frozen but dang near.  And then pop it in the freezer to cool back down before I stuff it into casings. Alright now that I have a bowl full I'll take my pan out of the freezer. I've got three of them in there. Three big pans. I'll do a couple smaller pans rather than one big pail. Because then when I'm working with these later, a little bit out of the freezer at a time rather than letting it all warm up together. So now this goes in the freezer. Empty. Empty. Now I give this thing a quick clean to get the connective tissue off. Yeah is that a hat? So yeah here we got some sinews and things stuck on here. So I'll pull these off now. If I were to run it through another bowl I generally get it. It generally ends up being over clogged and it just takes forever. So better to clean it before it needs...  Then to wait. Okay I've got everything ground and cold. And now I've mixed up some good bacteria. These guys will put the right amount of lactic acid and other things in the sausage. Essentially what I'm doing is I'm putting these good bacteria in so that they eat all the bacteria food in the sausage. Leaving cured meat. So this will help drive out or out compete the bad bacteria. Stick it into this tub. Okay pop that back in the freezer. Luckily it's cold enough outside that I've been able to put all of my frozen meat from my dear previously outside in the cooler. I pour in my mixture and I want to make sure that gets everywhere. Because I don't want any large bits that aren't inoculated with this good bacteria. I want the good bacteria in. So I'm breaking up any frozen bits here. So I had to modify my filling thing because the... Never mind the music there. The KitchenAid mixer it was smearing. It was crushing all the different granules of meat. Which is not really what you want. You want to compress them together into the casing. And it was smearing them into a gray kind of goop. Which is not what you want. So I have at the top of a vinegar container. Which is the right diameter to accept my fibrous fillings. And then I made a plunger that fits exactly in here. Now I take my casing.  I'm sorry about the background. Luckily it's all public domain. So then this goes on. Put the casings down. Obviously I'd like to have a longer, smoother horn. That would make it easier to get as much of the casing on there as I can. But I didn't have access to go buy more stuff. I had to make it. So this is what I came up with. I could probably make something out of PVC if I had access to it. That would work even better. The casing on here is kind of tedious. I should be big. Now I take my funnel. Hold it in this hand. Put meat in. Use my plunger. It actually works really smoothly to push plugs of meat down into the casing. The only thing is I have to make sure I squeeze it nice and tight. It's one of the nice things about this fibrous casing is it has... It's pre-pricked so the air pockets really don't exist. It has plenty of venting for the air. Fairly forgiving. I've only ripped one and it was near the top so it wasn't a big deal. So I'm getting about a pound. A pound and two ounces in each of these or so. A little over a pound. Some of that's water. Some of that will dehydrate away. Or smoke away, I imagine. Which helps keep it preserved. So I imagine these will end up being about a pound each. I don't know if the video is clear enough but if you look closely you can see white specks appearing on the sides. And that's liquid pushing out through the vents. I'm going to leave my side about just a couple inches. Give it a tighten down and squeeze. Tighten it down a little more. Now it's ready to be tied. Now once they're stuffed I take and hang them from a little loop here. So I hang this. Sorry my string just broke. Of course right when I decided to put it on video. So I hang it from this string. I take another loop. Leave myself a couple inches of tail. And then I wrap. And this tamps down. And compresses. Luckily these fibrous casings which are made out of plant material are very forgiving. Especially for a first time sausage stuffer like myself. Now just do a square knot. And then I loop the loop end one more time. Just to give it a little extra pull. So it's not going to pull out. And then I release it. So now I have my stuff sausage. It's got the pre-made loop on this end. And my made loop on this end. And now it goes into the hydration chamber. And now I'm hanging them in this. Well it's my dehydrator but I've got a pan of water down here. Over a pilot light. So that keeps it at a nice 80-85 degrees in here. And with the water pan it humidifies the whole area. So these are the ones I made last night. And now I'm hanging in the back here. The new ones from today. And I do transfer. Like this is what I made yesterday. Now this is not necessarily the best way. The best way is to have hooks on the top. But since this isn't really a made for making sausage. I'm just making do. So the sausages have been fermenting for about 36 hours. Meaning the good bacteria should have defeated all of the bad bacteria. So right now I'm just prepping them to go into... Yes, yes, yes. Prepping them to go into the smoker. But I got the smoker going outside with some apple wood. From an apple tree that came down. And I'll get these things strung up. And pop them out over the fire. Now here in the smoker. At about 90 degrees. I've got all the sausages hanging. Over some apple wood. And ice water to keep them nice and humid and cool. Nothing fancy. Well, thanks for watching. Obviously things look a little different now. You can see how much bigger he is. And now there's this one. And we have been really derelict in getting our videos out. And this is kind of part of the reason. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Is that fish often pulled? No, no, no, no, no, no. So this is part of the reason, these two. They've been keeping me really busy as you can see. No, no, no, no, no. Anyway, so one of the things I wanted to mention. Thanks for watching. It was a year, over a year ago since I got this video together. I'm just getting it up and edited now. Okay, okay, good, okay. And as you can see, it's really hard to do stuff around here with these guys. And so they're going in today. I'll be able to get a lot more work done. This is great, but that also means we need to professionalize what we're doing a little more. And that means your support. And if you've been watching Foodmageddon and you're already at this point, I hope you've gotten a few hours' enjoyment out of it. Dad's gonna knock down. So as you may or may not know, this is an actual non-profit. This isn't a hobby for me. This is actually my job. And a lot of our money comes from grants and things like that. But we are starting to really push and open up to have the community that watches and enjoys our content support us. So we have started a Patreon page, patreon.com slash lowtechinstitute. And that goes for supporting the staff hours it takes to make videos and podcasts and put out all this stuff that, you know, the vast majority of people that interact with us see. And so if you are in a position where you can become part of the community that's supporting us, we'd ask you to check out our Patreon page. That's patreon.com slash lowtechinstitute, all one word.  Even three bucks a month is a huge help for us. It helps get our staff freed up so that we can make more videos. The staff, yeah. Get the staff freed up so we can make more videos. Make more podcasts. Get more content out there for you to see and enjoy. So again, if you're in a spot to help us out, please consider joining the community that's supporting us. And otherwise, continue to enjoy all of our videos and stuff online. Please share us if you like us. Subscribe. And I hope to have a lot more videos out this summer and through the coming period. The more, the more support we get, the more time our staff has to do this sort of thing. So thank you so much. We really appreciate you watching. And we will be wrapping up food again in the next episode. We'll talk about how well we did, where we didn't do so well, what we would improve, and the lessons we learned in a year of trying to grow all our own food. Can you say goodbye? Bye. This was... Oh, do you want to close it? Here, you can press the red button on the back. On the back... No, not on the screen. On the back of the camera. This is a red light. A red... Here. You can press this button here. And turn it on.


Down, push up eight, down, push up nine, last one down, and ten. All right. All right. Here we go. Let's work those legs. Seniors at North Tri-Ethnic Community Center know they've got to keep moving to stay healthy. This low-impact fitness program helps improve muscle tone, flexibility, and breathing. When they're not exercising, these seniors like to go places. Outings include field trips to movies, museums, shopping centers, and more. Through the best years' club, seniors spend time with friends playing games, sharing a meal, or Bible study.   And exercise, it keeps my body, if you notice I can move, and if I was staying at home I could not move. North Tri-Ethnic Best Years Club, where seniors connect, create, and contribute. Get more information online or by phone.


I spent the last couple of decades conducting scientific research in relation to fires. This includes areas such as identifying key drivers of fire activity and behaviour, detecting fires and its impacts using remotely sensed imagery, and understanding the role of climate change and variability in relation to fires. I always enjoyed the applied scientific research the most. Applied research is essentially research that is designed to answer practical problems. Today is why I joined CFA so that the research I do is based on real-world problems and the findings and outputs can be directly utilized. An example of this is recently. Some of my research colleagues and I published some results that show how fire weather in Victoria is likely to change in the future under the influence of climate change. We found that the number of very high fire danger days could triple in some parts of Victoria by the end of the century. These findings and the dataset we created in this project is important because it allows CFA to better understand what climate change means for firefighting and how we can prepare for new challenges.


So we finished up with insurance fraud. Now we're moving into the larceny offenses. So you granted grand and pettit larceny, depending, again, phrases that have been around for a long time referring to how much property is involved from the theft. You'll see that there's a distinction. There's also an offense called larceny from the person. And that's when you actually steal from somebody physically, from the person in custody of another, so that they actually robbery or theft from something that's on somebody's person. Whereas the grand and pettit larceny you see are from the actual or constructive possession of another. So these are the fences that are more often used for shoplifting, stealing from stores, that sort of thing. So where these larceny offenses come in. And you'll see that when we look at the tiered proposal on the larcenies, they under current law use that $900 threshold that I talked about at the top of this page on the chart here. If it's a less than 900, it's a one-year misdemeanor. Whereas if it's more than 900, it's a 10-year felony. And larceny from the person on the other hand is always a 10-year felony regardless of the amount involved. And obviously it reflects something, a different perspective about stealing from somebody that's on their physical person as opposed to stealing from a store when there's probably less opportunity for somebody to be harmed physically or intimidated that sort of thing. So along the same lines, you'll see that the grand and pettit larceny is the thefts from say retail establishments. They follow the tiered proposal. So whether it's a $900 or above or below that distinguishing monetary value is again discarded in favor of the tiered system in age 87. So that can range anywhere from six months to five years, or sorry, 30 days to five years. Larceny from the person though keeps the same entity that's in the current statute. That's a 10-year felony and there's a typo there that's a $5,000 fine, not 500 in that column. And the felony proposal for age 87 keeps the same period of incarceration 10 years, although again increases the fine from 5,000 to 50,000. So that's larceny. Another type of theft you might call it or a similar concept. Larceny from the person goes up that's 10-year 50,000. Correct. Okay, and that's in the same line as the typo is 500. Yes, that 500 should be 5,000. Oh, I thought you said 50,000. Oh, no, I'm sorry, let's double check as long as we have the statute right in front of us. But just to be sure, let's look at the penalty for some reason that's odd. Every time I... Not as odd as the 14-year. Thank you, that's true. Judiciary humor. Yeah, it's all relative. But yes, so the current penalty for grand larceny, you'll see that it's struck through on starts on line 20 here. 10 years, 10 years incarceration and $5,000 fine. See that struck through in line one, they're paid 16. Yep. So yeah, that's the typo. The current fine is 5,000. The proposal on the H87 keeps the period incarceration the same 10 years, but the fine does go up to 50. Okay. Larceny from the person, interestingly, does have only a $500 fine. Let me see that, maybe that wasn't a typo. That was not, look at that. Okay, right. So it is only a $500 fine currently. So it goes up quite a bit. Right, yep. Now, again, what's the definition from the person is it physically taking something from somebody that they have in their hands? Potentially. Or on their person. Yep, it could be in your pocket, something like that. Okay, so from the person, it has to be in your hands or in your pocket or that type of thing.  Potentially. Yep, that's a very good point. Certainly could, depending on the facts of the case, but it's very possible. Yep. So that brings us to embezzlement. You see, there's a number of different types of embezzlement offenses. And I think everyone kind of has a sense of what embezzlement is. And then it generally applies to an employee, someone who has some sort of position of trust with an organization. And uses that position of trust to abscond with property or money. And these offenses are, you'll see that there are some specific, there's embezzlement generally, which is a one-year misdemeanor, depending on whether it's $100. This one uses a $100 threshold. If it's more than $100, it's a 10-year felony. And then there's also 10-year felonies if it happens to involve a bank officer or a trustee or a public official in their official capacity. You see those as you kind of go down the left-hand column there. So those, if the embezzlement involves one of those, one of the person who fits in one of those categories, that doesn't matter if it's only, if it's a smaller amount, that for general embezzlement and qualify for the one year, it's always a 10-year felony. But in the proposal, it goes with the tiers. So again, it's particularly with respect to the, the officials mentioned there and some circumstances the penalty would be less than some it would be more. It's always gonna be depending on how much money was involved. Again, buying or receiving stolen property. I think that's an offense that pretty common, commonly, I don't mean commonly occurred, but commonly well understood by the plain language of what it is. If you buy, receive, or possess stolen property, you know that it's stolen, there's a knowledge requirement. That's again, depends on the amount of property involved. In this case, the current law uses the $900 threshold. That's less than 900 or 900 or less, rather. It's a one-year misdemeanor, but if it's more than it's the 10-year felony, but the proposal in H87 is to use the tiered system. So again, if it's in that case, it's less than $100, it's would only be a 30-day maximum, which is substantially less than the one year that you would get under current law. But if it were, you know, say in the neighborhood of, well, actually, yeah, I say $1,000, they still would get you less because the, under the using the $900 threshold, even $1,000 would still get you a 10-year felony under current law, where it's under the proposal, it would be a two-year misdemeanor. So now we're moving on to retail theft. And this is also one of the offenses that can sometimes be used for stealing from a stork and another one that can sometimes, I'm gonna hear, I'm sorry, that's the new one that we mentioned earlier, but we'll come back to that in a moment. Although actually it might as well here as well use it because it's not actually in the chart because this is a brand new offense. And I don't know to what extent represent the laundry, representative not, you wanna talk about this one now, I know we had mentioned it earlier, this is the one place in H87 where there's a new offense as opposed to just reorganizing the penalty system for existing offenses. And this is again is organized retail theft. So it's not just by one person in one instance, rather it's by one person acting in one, in concert with one or more persons on one or more occasions, that's line 15, within a period of 180 days. And my understanding of this was that sort of how this offense came to be proposed was that people were conscious of the $900 threshold in retail theft generally. So people were rather than stealing more than $900, which would take you into the felony category. They might be shoplifting less than that on multiple occasions but each time trying to stand with a $900 threshold, so it would be misdemeanor. And I think the intent of this is to say that under some circumstances, if they're acting in concert, that's the key language in line 15, that's all part of a common plan. And it can be charged with this more significant offense. And that was the part we were talking about the other day where it's organized and they know exactly what they're doing, correct? Yeah, I think that's the in concert language for sure. It's part of a plan. It's not sort of a random happenstance. All this jumping around here is just hard for me to, I'm just having one of my senior moments. Let's just say it's just, we're, yeah. Anyway, all this, nevermind, you know what I'm saying. I hope, I'm confused there. Well, we're moving quick through a lot of different offenses. It's understated. So Tom, did you have a question? Cause I had a question as well after Bob. Yeah, yeah, I did. Thank you. Eric, that section 22, on line 15, in concert with one or more persons, I think I understand that in concert with one person just could be yourself. If say you were organized as far as going in and stealing $899 worth of stuff day after day, that was your plan, is that right? Did you follow my question? Oh yeah, that's a good question. I definitely followed it. I just think it's a very interesting question. It's a good question. I'm not entirely sure whether it could be one person in a, because it doesn't say one or more other persons. So if the way it's written, it seems like it could be just one person doing it multiple times, but I'm not sure if that's what the intent was. That would be a good question for the advocates. Right, well, and I'm the one that kind of pushed this issue if I remember right back when we put this in. And I was thinking more, the definition of organized retail theft is more than one person. But certainly if I go in, if the limit's $900 and I go in day after day after day at 899, I mean, you don't get any more organized retail theft than that. Yeah, it's an interesting question about can you act in concert with yourself? I guess that's the question, right? Yeah. I hope so. So that was a good one. It's a good one. Maybe Martin's got something to say. Well, I know this specifically came from some concern from some law enforcement where it really was more of like an organized where there were people who would go in and steal under the minimum or not a large amount. And they would pass it off to this middle person who it really was, I wanna say organized crime. But I mean, it was much more organized than a person going in on a day-to-day basis and just taking below $900 of people. Right. I mean, we could get law enforcement to talk about this one, certainly. So right now, like Martin or Eric, right now I'm gonna assume the way that the new bill is written or the new laws written that say if somebody was at that, you know, 899 or under the threshold that they would just potentially be charged with a series of misdemeanors. That's right, multiple counts, but each count would be only for the, yeah, if it were under $900 each time, then it would only be for the smaller amount. Right, and is there, I guess if somebody has a number of misdemeanors for the same thing, is there anything that kind of accumulates into a bigger charge at some point? I don't think so, unless you have, as we've seen going through these statutes, sometimes the penalty increases for a second or subsequent offense. But if they're each one is a discrete offense, then I think they do have to be charged separately just based on the existing penalty for the single act. Right, okay. I'm not looking for any big changes and just explanation, I guess, so thank you. Well, I'll let Bob ask, because I wanted to go to a different section that we already passed, but I'll go ahead. Yeah, Eric, in looking at this organized retail theft, we've taken testimony about there's some entities that don't necessarily take a lot of thought into adding another crime to our statutes here. I personally like this, but in looking at this versus charging individuals individually, I'm just wondering about the elements of the crime on this and the burden of proof for the state is just gonna be so large in this particular aspect. What do you think about this? Yeah, I think you make a good point that they're gonna have to prove acting in concert with one or more persons on one or more occasion within that 180 day period, and that's certainly a higher threshold for the elements of what you've got approved and just your standard retail theft. But as you may hear from law enforcement that when these situations happen that they may have the only in those circumstances, they may well have the factual evidence to meet that burden. It seems like that at least was their thought. But I think you're right, that's much more elements to prove in that situation than there isn't just your standard retail theft. Yeah, I'm just wondering if maybe in the real world they may just cut corners and just charge for retail theft versus this organized retail theft depending on the penalties, which may be invoked on this particular situation. Right, or what kind of proof they have for sure. Exactly. Yeah. Okay, thank you. And as I recall, Bob, this was fairly narrow and specific circumstances that law enforcement, particularly in Burlington is really who brought this to our attention. So it wasn't aimed at really broad behavior. They had some pretty specific situations where something like this would have applied. It's good, I support it. I mean, just the burden of proof that's all I'm concerned about. Yeah, no, that was also I think prosecutors have noted that, not this year, but last year. So Eric, I actually wanted to back up and it's kind of interesting. It's been a while since we've gone through in this detail every crime and it's kind of raising some questions that I've just kind of not really, well, actually I thought a little bit about before and I've actually even asked at the sentencing commission but I do wanna back up to one particular, to a couple of crimes. And I wanna put a big question mark. And this is probably not so much for you. This is gonna be a policy decision but I just wanna flag it for folks before I forget it. And that's backing up to the embezzlement. And the embezzlement crime is really, it's little, but particularly when we're talking about a servant of a bank and a receiver or trustee, the issue is much less the issue of the value as the breach of trust. And I'm really questioning right now and we'll ask witnesses when we have people back in again. I'm really questioning going to the tiered sentence for, it's fine with the general embezzlement. I can kind of straighten out my head and that makes some sense because that already is looking at property value but the incorporated bank and receiver or trustee unless I'm missing something, that's I guess I do have a question there. Tell me if I am missing something, that's not relevant as far as the amount of money. It's just that there's been that breach of trust. And I think depending on what I'm gonna probably end up proposing as an amendment is to actually make that into a class D felony, which is five years, it is different than 10 years. I think 10 years is more, it doesn't make much sense but any of that, I just wanted to flag that. Is that, am I reading that right as far as that it's not relative to, okay, it's not somewhere. No, I think you got it exactly. Okay, so I just will flag that for the rest of the committee as well. If that's something I think we should revisit. Yeah, I'm noting it too. And also I did find out, Robin Joy did send me an email and said that actually a counterfeit, she didn't have any details for me but a counterfeiting crime under that offense has recently been charged. I don't know what recent is but it's certainly in the last 10 years. So it'll be interesting to kind of find out a little more about that one we can as folks, that's all I have. Yeah, I'd be interested to hear the facts of that case though. Yeah, exactly. All right, so where we were moved on, we got through the, oh, retail theft is where we were. That's right. We get through the $900 is your general. So interesting that he has some specific retail theft offenses you'll see involving UPC labels, which are the barcode labels that you see on some products. And they have a more significant penalty than your standard retail theft for if you alter a UPC label, but you see that that's a two-year misdemeanor. Well, as your general retail theft has uses that $900 threshold. And if it's 15 or more altered UPC labels, then it becomes a 10-year felony. And the proposal from the sentencing commission is to keep those penalties at least in terms of incarceration the same. So for your single UPC label, the two-year misdemeanor stays a two-year misdemeanor, the fine category goes up. Same for 15 or more labels, the 10-year felony stays 10 years. It's, but the fine increases. And again, as with so many of these criminal offenses when you see something specific like that, it's in, I certainly wasn't here when it happened, but whenever that statute got enacted, it was probably in response to some either rash of crimes involving UPC labels or perhaps a criminal enterprise had grown up around that. They're probably historically it would be interesting, but that tends to be why the same with the credit card skimmers or investment related to particular office holders, some of those will have common response to societal development, things that are happening out there in public that are responded to legislatively. So this was, I thought this was an interesting one as well and it sort of connected to the UPC labels. There's a specific in the retail theft chapter. Again, probably in response to a particular rash of crimes or illegal conduct that possessing tools or devices that shield merchandise from theft protection devices, very specific. So I don't know what those tools or devices would be.  Oh, you were? Yeah, I needed a little explanation on that one. Yeah, I don't know. More than myself needs an explanation. This statute, I don't think, I think just described it generally, but it's kind of pulling it up here, it's after that, but it didn't, I don't know, we're into the theft of services, I don't know how that kind of gets up fast, but I'm not, I'm wondering if our resident sheriff has had any dealings with that in his multi-decade career. I'd be interested to know what those devices were. And I think I wanna flag that one as well as just to get a little more information. Again, I'm happy that we're diving as in depth into this, because I think a couple of these things we overlooked or maybe we did get answers for last year, but I would ask again, because having that device, it sounds to me like what the issue is is really having the possession of that device at all, much like you say, the card skimmer. Yeah. And I don't know how that really fits, frankly, with the value of the property, because somebody could have that device, it's an illegal device is what it presumably sounds like. We'll have to find out a little more information and who knows if it's been actually used yet or maybe it has been used and nobody knows what exactly has been stolen because they were able to get around those theft detection devices, any events. So I'm just gonna flag that and to ask some further questions of some folks. So while you were chatting there, for example, and I pulled up the underlying statute and there appears to be at least one example, it's similar. So in this is, looks like it was dates from 1977. So that's when this was added. And it's, if you manufacture, sell, distribute, possess a laminated or coated bag intended to shield merchandise from detection by an electronic or magnetic theft detector. So that's one specific, and then in addition, any tool or device designed to allow or capable of allowing the deactivation or removal of any theft detection device. So some device that allows deactivation or removal of any merchandise. I don't know, maybe it would be like, sometimes in a store they have those, yeah, attached to the clothes, those things. Yeah, yeah, so I mean, maybe this does make sense. Maybe whenever they make an arrest that where they're dealing with this, it's involves the underlying property that's been stolen as well. But I think that's just a question, probably for all enforcement or prosecutors, really. Interesting. Yeah, definitely. Those things are impossible.  So I can understand it being a little stiffer penalty. But then I also have another question just generally for Eric. Do we have other places and statutes where simple possession of tools that are usually used for burglaries and such carries a penalty? I think there is. I think there is too, yeah. Yeah, I think it's in the burglary statute that in fact, it might even be called something like that, tools used for burglary or something of that nature. Okay, so it would be consistent with something like that, so. Yeah. All right, thanks. Yeah. I'm glad there's an intent element of this one though because it reminded me an anecdote that I accidentally went home from colds over the summer and it had a piece of clothing that still had that plastic thing on it. I didn't realize it. And it's impossible to get that off. So I had to bring it back to the store and when I went in there, the person standing right there, it obviously, I was not the only person who had ever brought a piece of heat and it was exactly what to do. So I guess I was not inadvertently violating the statute because I did not intend to deprive a merchant of the lawful possession of it. So that's a relief. You were going in the wrong direction, it sounds like, so. Right, yeah. All right, so that takes us into theft of services which is a different sort of theft as you can get a sense of from the title on. That one is an interesting one, I cut and pasted some language from that so you can see what that is really referring to. You see what services includes there. This is line 17, labor, professional service, transportation, public services not provided for otherwise, accommodation in hotels, restaurants elsewhere, admission to exhibitions, amusements or recreational facilities, use of vehicles, other movable property. So those are services. So if you purposely obtain services that you know are available only for compensation and you obtain them by deception or threat or false token, again, that's a false documents, by other means to avoid payment. So you try and avoid these services, obtain them falsely to avoid payment, that's what the crime is. The retail effect of services is what that's known as and that follows the same $900 threshold that we've seen a lot in the property crime. So again, if the services that you've illegally obtained are less than 900, then it's a one-year misdemeanor, it's a 10-year felony, if it's more than 900, and you'll see that the tiered proposal was what H87 recommends. So again, some instances, last some instances is more depending on how much is involved. Although I see it wouldn't ever actually be more in terms of incarceration, because it's never gonna reach that 10-year maximum, five years the maximum under the tiered system proposed in H87. You also have, and you go in and do different types of property related to theft, we just talked about services, there's also a theft of rented property, for example, in rent to own situations or when you're renting something, this is other than a car because you'll see there's a specific statute related to a theft of a rented car will come to next, but any property other than a car, similar situation, follows the $900 threshold in current law, the two-year misdemeanor for below 905-year felony for above, and the tiered proposal was what's recommended in H87. And in that case, actually, the maximum is the same, because you see the second offense, more than 900 maximum of five years is also the maximum that you're gonna get under the proposal, because that's that class D felony for more than $100,000 maxes out at five years. This next statute is the one I just mentioned. You're failing to return a rented or lease vehicle, this again would be intent to, not just accidentally, has to be some intent there to, to pry the owner of the vehicle. So, I'm sorry, can we go back? No, go ahead. So the theft of rented property. Yeah. And I'm looking at page 21, line two, shouldn't that be class D misdemeanor? I mean, well, let me see class, no, I'm sorry, class C, class D. No, no, no, I'm sorry, I take that back. I've got it. Okay. I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I was misreading it. All right. Sounds good. So, excuse me. So we are two minutes away from when we are supposed to adjourn. And I know that we also have Robin as a witness. And I know at least some of us have meetings coming up. Yeah, we definitely need more time here with you, Eric. I would think to, to go through this and have questions. And I'm sorry, Robin, that we, that we didn't get to you. So. Well, we got through a good chunk of it. I think we're through 70% of it or set three quarters. So I can come back in any time to finish it up. Okay. All right. Well, thank you. And yeah, Eric, any idea how much longer just in terms of scheduling purposes? How much longer? Oh, that's a good question. I would say, you know, half an hour, maybe 45 minutes to be safe. Better to have a few minutes extra than not enough, I guess, right? Right, right. Okay. All right. Well, that's helpful. So we'll, we'll get back to it next week. Just trying to stick to our time since, since these are long days and books and they're not over for the most of us. So anyway, so any, before we do adjourn any, any questions for Eric or, or Martin? Anything we should, I think anybody wants to bookmark or note for when we come back to it next week? Well, thanks for everybody for hanging in there. I know that was, that could be a little dry at times. So I know it was long. So I appreciate your, everybody's attention and good questions. So thank you. And Eric, I thought it was awesome. Yeah. No, it was great. Great. It was great. I'm gonna, I'm gonna nickname you the Professor Eric because. Okay. Thank you. Great. Yeah. Well, thank you so much. And then, and then we'll get Chris in also to help us understand how restitution works in the victim's compensation program. And we'll get, we'll get Robin back and get through it. So all right. Thank you. I guess we can adjourn now. Eric. Oh, it was, it was so good. I had to do it twice as you could see from the screen. Well, that's a nice compliment coach. Thank you.


You know the department didn't give us there and maybe they didn't have but warehouse didn't have all we need And then we usually have it filled out by because we want to be able to track an audit trail that we have here and then And we've got the date that the materials description the plank of wood. This is the requester And this is filled by so obviously we want to have the two individuals We want to have someone requesting one one filling it out that gives us a system of controls meaning It would be difficult to steal the plank of wood if we have to have two people involved in the requisition process Without having some type of collusion in order for that to happen date provided and Material received date and any remarks that we might have so this would just be the form Just just a form for us to get that wood From the warehouse to the working process so we can start working on it And remember that all ties out to to this form as well So this requisition form is going to be used here on the on the Material side to get the materials out of there And it's also going to be used on the supporting document not that this isn't the actual form We'll see here, but it'll also be used in this document, which is the job cost So we're moving the materials then over here to the to the job cost system so we're still have our our job job 15 and we're going to allocate this requisition form to it and That will that will mean that we're still tracking the wood. It's still there It hasn't left the company because we haven't sold it yet but now we're tracking it in the account of work in process and that account is not supported by us Tracking the inventory and just planks of wood. It's supported by our job cost sheets So our job cost sheets are now supporting that piece of inventory And we're gonna have it in this job cost sheet up until it's finished And then we'll have the job will move to finished goods and it'll still be supported by this job cost sheet And then we'll finally sell it and once we sell it Well, we'll then move this all these costs all these inventory that we bought And you know all the material we bought all the labor we did all the overhead We'll then be finally expensed in the form of cost of goods sold at the point of sale Now we'll take a look at a journal entry related to the materials requisition So every time we have a materials requisition, we're gonna have a journal entry for it for the general ledger accounts Here we're gonna say for all these different jobs So we're looking at all these jobs and we had all these requisitions for these jobs we're gonna sum up those requisitions so we're just taking these documents and summing up the materials that were requested and that's gonna come up to total of 2230 so the journal entry then we will have is gonna be the raw materials going down the raw materials here are Going down and then it's gonna be moved to the work in process account So raw materials is an asset account. It has a debit balance We're moving it from the raw materials from the warehouse So that's gonna decrease and we're gonna move it not too far to another inventory account to work in process So work in process is an inventory account. It's an asset account. It represents the inventory. We're working on it's gonna be increased Now that's gonna be for the direct materials those that we can apply directly out to the Guitars if we're making guitars now There also might be some materials that are indirect meaning something like glue or something like that if we're making guitars And if we say that there was requests for for glue or something like that That was indirect that we couldn't have signed to a job We didn't know job applied it We just are basically taking stuff from the warehouse and assigning it just in general to be in the where we just gave him Glue they can be assigned to anybody who wants to use it in the middle on any guitar That they start to work on then we don't know what's job to apply it to here And so those may still come out of just the materials. We might still have just Materials that will be there or we might try to track those types of materials separately So in other words, we might have a materials account that includes all materials direct and indirect Or we might try to have another account just just has the indirect stuff and Track those separately in this case. We're gonna say they're all in raw materials And then the indirect materials we're gonna say okay that raw materials is going down by 550 and The debits not going to work in process why because we don't know which job to assign it to it Just went into the warehouse and anybody who's making a guitar either any of these jobs that are working on a guitar Can use the material so that means that we we can't assign it yet We can't put it to work in process because we cannot support it. We can't back it up by particular jobs So therefore we're gonna put it into the bucket Factory overhead it's still kind of an asset because ultimately it's gonna go into the Work in process. It's just that we're gonna have to assign it to a job first We're just gonna put all the stuff into a bucket and then find some way to assign it to a job So if we look at those journal entries, then we're gonna post out the work in process started at zero It's gonna go up by two thousand two hundred two two thousand two hundred and you can see that work in process Then it's here on the trial balance and then the raw materials Here's the general ledger for my raw materials. It was at one thousand five hundred one hundred fifty thousand It's going down with a credit two thousand two thirty two one forty seven seven seventy So we just moved it from raw materials to work in process. And then this side factory overhead Went from zero up by five hundred fifty. So here's the factory overhead at five hundred fifty and Then the raw materials gonna go down again. So raw materials 147 770 going down by 550 to 147 220 and that then is gonna be the 147 220 So so yeah, I was 147 770 before now it's down to the 147 220 that's represented here on the trial balance after both of these have been completed Note that none of this this whole process is not doing anything to the income statement We bought the materials. We were starting to use the materials never gonna hit the income statement Never affecting that income until when they're gonna affect net income when we're finally done We move these from work in process to finished goods and then we move them from finished goods to actually selling them Moving them to cost of goods sold Now that we will sell it sales will increase at the same time at that point But what we're working on is the cost of goods sold that will will ultimately be the cost So all the stuff we're doing here is just kind of shuffling around on balance sheet accounts Just shuffling around basically an inventory asset type of counts to track this process as it goes through and being able to support the process with job cost sheets


How's it going guys, my name's DP and today I bring you another BR3 video. If you do enjoy it leaving a like really helps out and subscribe if you do want to see more. So on April 23rd Mayhem 2.0 was released and with it a whole host of issues which seems no matter what Gearbox do, they get worse. Now not long after the release of Mayhem 2.0 we started seeing complaints within the community on Mayhem 2 and it's loot drops being broke. For the first week I didn't really notice it to a crazy high degree but I did think something was off. Well it seemed as though Gearbox weren't listening because within the April 30th hotfix they addressed problems via changes made to drops within Mayhem moulds. They stated, adjusted the drop rate for legendary items within Mayhem moulds and also adjusted the drop rates for the 90 gear in Mayhem moulds where here I do believe within Mayhem 10 a 90 gear is guaranteed or at least it's meant to be. But after this hotfix was applied it seemed to me that that drop rate had gotten even worse to a point of actually being shocking. I asked via my discord and noticed I wasn't the only one suffering. It was literally 99% of people thought Mayhem 2.0 drops were utterly broke. So I did a little more research and I figured it was a problem almost everyone was having. Really it was full of Mayhem 10 broken posts so I quickly knew something definitely wasn't right. And I feel whatever adjustments was made via that April 30th hotfix the drops that were adjusted they adjusted them the wrong way making them even more scarce. I then stumbled upon a post on Reddit which suggested there was a bug in place within Mayhem moulds where a guide fan via looking through the data of the game that loot drops from non-enemy bosses was set a stat value of 0 and adjusting this did nothing within Mayhem moulds. Outside of Mayhem moulds adjusting it had crazy effects but inside Mayhem it didn't change anything. That video I made last week I did with intentions that Gearbox would see and hopefully address it. Well within the latest hotfix of May 7th we saw them state they have addressed a bug within Mayhem mould that led to lower than intended drop rates for all Mayhem levels. The problem we seem to be all having. Well I can confirm these changes via the May 7th hotfix I feel were left out of hotfix applied to my Xbox because Mayhem 10 loot drops now are just as bad as what they were before this hotfix I do not see a difference whatsoever and looking at Gearbox replied to folks on Twitter stating the following. Loot at all levels should be much more common following this hotfix and the most loot will drop at Mayhem 10. Well guys that's BS because it's more or less the exact same and I've actually ran my own tests. On screen now you are seeing a farm for legendos on Mayhem 4 prior to Mayhem 2.0 and its addition. This spot is full of decent leveled enemies so the drops were great. Now the gameplay will run in the background while continuing on talking but you will notice the amount of legendos will drop. I'll then go back to this spot and play a recording I did on Mayhem 10 a little over an hour ago with the hotfixes applied. So what's actually going on with the game right now? Why is it seemingly going to crap? Hotfix after hotfix fix after fix more problems seem to be arising. And guys rest assured I love Borderlands I really do but I won't hold back and brand-nosey things go back. I will straight up tell them about the problems we are having. I mean I've got quite a decent Borderlands community that follow me not the biggest on YouTube but I've got people to look out for and that's why I will continue on telling the truth. I mean yes I look out for everybody's intentions who supports me but at the same time I do want the best for the game and hopefully Gearbox can see that if you ever get around to watching this video. So let's not sugarcoat it like many many other content creators I see do. These problems need fixing ASAP before it gets too late. And before anyone says do you think the drop rates are bad now? You should have played BR1 or BR2 where you had to farm a bus for a week to get a single drop although weapons still people are searching for today. Listen I get that. I played those games probably not to the scale of you guys did but I played those games but games have since moved on. Gearbox originally moved on with BR3. So quickly back to the gameplay. All these beautiful legendos we've seen drop here were on Mayhem 4. The standard Mayhem 4 before Mayhem 2.0 was introduced. Now in the background you'll see footage of me running the exact same place on Mayhem 10 and you'll see the difference is absolutely unreal and this is with the addition of Cartel Fogs 2. So yes in the early days of loot shooters loot could be lucked behind a ridiculous grind. A grind many people included myself kind of enjoyed doing but as times have moved on people have moved on too. The new area of loot shooters are nowhere near as stingy and people won't tolerate a weak worth of farming for a single item especially when there are thousands of items you want to get and if there are other loot shooters out there which are much more rewarding people will shift to those kind of games and I believe Gearbox going into Borderlands 3 understood this. Now loot right now on Mayhem 10 is at that plus 2,500% drop rate. Whatever that plus 2,500% drop rate number is on the basis of it 100% in my opinion is not working as intended or guys is it. Is what we're seeing here intentional and that what we first thought was a bug with none boss enemies drop rate set at a zero was it's an intended addition by Gearbox because let's face it the fixes they have stated have been addressed haven't fixed any of the problems we're experiencing with loot so unless these were not intended changes or unless they accidentally left them at the hotfix which applied I mean mayhem 2.0 for the most part to me it's great but there are certain aspects of it which I don't think before out properly the fact if you take a mayhem 10 weapon into mayhem 1 it feels like you're using a mudded weapon where you can literally one tap every enemy weapon should scale with modes going backwards so a mayhem 10 weapon being taken into mayhem 9 should scale to mayhem 9 and those damaged levels a mayhem 10 weapon taken into mayhem 4 should scale down to a mayhem 4 weapon because if you have a friend who joins the Borderlands community I could bring my gear down from a mayhem 10 and play the game with my pal and enjoy it with them not just making it easier for them getting him bored after five minutes and taking a challenge out of it so weapons should indeed scale backwards another problem mayhem is let's say you play mayhem 10 and even though they said they addressed this I'm still getting way on the level the legend those drop I mean drop rates are bad enough as they are but I don't expect that one chaos and I've had after about a hundred kills to drop way under the level it should be why is this surely with a loop being as limited as it is this isn't intentional so why are such things still happening now I hope the issues we are seeing here with Borderlands 3 are not intentional and fixed sooner than later because right now I won't lie it's kind of hard to play and I know I ain't the only one who feels this the other issues are constant freezing people are experiencing they're lagging menus a lot in times and now loop problems added onto the list and I know there are many other niggling problems too but these are the main ones I seem to encounter myself I just hope the next patch we see fixes the issues and fixes them for good maybe the problems with the loot can't be fixed via a hot fix maybe they're pulling off a fix working on a patch which will fix all the problems we are having so back to the gameplay in the background so when the exact same place on mayhem 10 you can see the difference is unreal like I said a spot with many many high level enemies and the addition of cartile fogs too it honestly just shows how broke it really is and comparing it to mayhem 4 which offered a plus 700% loot increase where mayhem 10 is a plus 2500% loot increase over three times while it was unmayhem 4 you honestly can't think this is okay mayhem 10 now should have been the equivalent to mayhem 4 before mayhem 2.0 was dropped because mayhem 4 loot drops were incredible they were perfect I mean yes she had the odd incant to where things didn't go your way and you probably killed graveyard and got no legendaries but for the most part he would drop up to 6 or 7 which was way more rewarding and was worth the time farming him even if there wasn't anything you wanted but mayhem 10 loot drop values now just seem completely off now another issue I am seeing more and more of is people modding modding is now rife and the fact you can easily transfer items over from PC to console makes it worse but what people are doing and are more so accepting now are items being modded to a mayhem 10 stat value and being transferred around because said items are not dropping because of said problems and I have a feeling the longer things go on like this the more and more this will become the go to thing with loot and there's probably a ton of these weapons already circulating because if someone mods a weapon let's take a sequel they make it up to a mayhem 10 stat value and it matches perfectly well it would be if it dropped in game nobody's gonna be any other wiser so unless the loot becomes more abundant this is what people will do and it'll just pass them on and you'll accept items you won't even know have been modded and this for me takes everything away from the game or what it is if you don't play borderlands secondly for farming obviously after firstly for the story you're playing the wrong game so the longer the problem persists the more more we will see shortcuts like loot being created go on and on and being even bigger problem for a gearbox so hopefully the issues we're experiencing right now are soon fixed now if any more news doesn't do drop I will have it covered right here on my channel so stay tuned but yes people rest assured even after the latest hotfix mayhem 2.0 loot no matter level you are playing on still seems utterly broke so you're not the only one experiencing it now if you guys are new to my channel and watching me for the first time and you have discord make sure you join my great community linked within the video description I have dedicated trading sections for all platforms LFG channels and much much more again links within that video description but not no guys we have come to the end if you guys enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out if you're new around here want to see more borderlands be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video upload you can turn notifications on by hitting that bell button but guys thanks as always for stopping by hopefully you enjoyed the video and hopefully I will see you on that next one


I think that in the public opinion lies one of the greatest potentialities of basic income. It happens that the more it's known, the more it's understood and the more it's like basic income. So I think we have to do a lot of pedagogy among public opinion. We have to explain, explain and explain what basic income is. 71% of Europeans support the introduction of universal basic income. So 71% of Europeans, that's a huge number. The coronavirus crisis has shown the vulnerability of our social security systems and people. So I believe that this crisis has had an impact on the fact that people are now a lot more supportive of the universal basic income. And I believe that the research and trial in different EU states funded by EU would be very interesting in terms of basic human rights for income and mental health and well-being. The societies have changed, the working life has changed and employment has become more precarious, but the society has not changed after this in terms of the social safety networks. So those systems have to be reformed. So I think a better proposal for that could be starting from a low quantity, let's say a Euro dividend for all European citizens. And that I think it could help to fight against also a real skepticism while strengthening our sense of belonging to the European Union. And this could be financed in many ways. For example, by a European VAT, a European cooperative tax, a European carbon tax or financial transaction tax. There are many ways and its benefits I think will be great for all. In EU there is also a European wide citizens initiative that is going to be launched at the 25th of September this year. So there is the goal to gather one million signatures for this universal basic income.


Low-level laser light therapy, LLLT, has been studied since 1967, but its use remains controversial due to incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the selection of inappropriate dosimetric parameters. Studies have shown that LLLT can produce biphasic dose-response curves, meaning that there are two distinct thresholds of effectiveness. These thresholds correspond to different levels of ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, which are both important mediators of cellular function. Additionally, some studies have found evidence of a third threshold corresponding to increased oxidative stress. Understanding these biphasic dose-response curves could help optimize clinical treatments by providing more precise dosage guidelines. This article was authored by Ying Ying Huang, Soba Kei Sharma, James Carroll, and others.