10. An ambassador in bonds. The safety of his prisoner secured, the tribune Lucius informed the Jews that the case had been transferred to the governor of Caesarea, to whom they had better go if they wished to give evidence. The high priest set off at once with his friends, but as they could not speak Greek, they engaged a lawyer named Tertulus to plead their cause before Felix. The court having assembled, Tertulus began his speech with a few compliments adroitly addressed to the governor. Not only was Paul a pestilent fellow, he argued, a razor of seditions and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarenes. He had even made an attempt to profane the temple. If the tribune Lucius had only allowed them to manage their own affairs, he hinted delicately, all this turmoil might have been avoided, for the Jews were obviously the right people to deal with such a case. Since, however, he had chosen to use violence, a riot had resulted for which they were not in the least to blame. The Jews would bear witness to his words that these things were true. A chorus of assent greeted the close of his speech, when Paul, at a sign from Felix, began his defense. It was but twelve days, he said, since he had arrived in Jerusalem, whether he had come on an errand of charity. During this time he had neither preached in public nor disputed, but had remained quietly in the temple at prayer. Concerning the accusation of heresy, it was true that he was of the sect that they denounced, notwithstanding which, he firmly believed all that was written in the law and the prophets, and looked for the resurrection of the dead, which the Jews themselves acknowledged. The Sanhedrin had been able to prove nothing against him, when Lucius had brought him before them. The men who had laid hands on him in the temple were certain Jews from Asia. Since it was they who had brought the accusation against him, why were they not there? Felix was in difficulty. He would adjourn the case, he said, until the tribune Lucius should be present. Unwilling to offend the Jews by setting Paul at liberty, yet fearful of the risk of passing an unjust judgment, he kept Paul for two years in prison. The soldiers received orders to treat him kindly and to allow his friends to visit him. For Felix, who was not above taking bribes, hoped that the prisoner might persuade some of his well-to-do converts to pay handsomely for his release. Timothy and Luke hastened to Caesarea with other faithful friends of the Apostle. The Christians flocked to visit him. He could continue his apostolate even thus, a touching and pathetic figure, and ambassador in chain. But Felix's career of iniquity came abruptly to an end. He was called suddenly to Rome in disgrace, and Portius Festus, an honest and upright man, was appointed in his stead. Anxious to know something of the people over whom he was called to rule, the new governor went up to Jerusalem. There he was assailed by the Jews, who demanded that Paul should be sent to them for trial. They had resolved, if their requests were granted, to weigh lay and murder him on their road. But Festus refused to give up his prisoner. Let them bring their complaints to Caesarea, he said, and he would give a fair judgment according to the Roman law. This, however, was more difficult than he had imagined. The Jews repeated the old charges, and Paul met them with the same quiet denial. Festus was all together at a loss. He was anxious if it could be done without injustice to conciliate the Jews. Was Paul willing, he asked, to go to Jerusalem to be judged by the Sanhedrin in his presence? The apostle well knew the uselessness of such a proceeding. I stand at Caesar's tribunal, he said, to Caesar I appeal. Nothing remained for Festus but to send his prisoner to Rome to be tried before the Emperor's court. But it was his duty to send an account of the case against him, and Festus was thoroughly puzzled as to what he should write. A few days later King Herod Agrippa came to Caesarea with his sister Baranis to pay his respects to the new governor. He was a Jew, and Festus resolved to consult him on the matter. Here was a man, he said, who appeared to him entirely innocent, but against whom the Jews seemed bitterly prejudiced on account of some question of religion. One Jesus whom they declared to be dead, Paul affirmed, was alive. Herod's interest was roused. He would like to see this man, he said, and hear what he had to say. The next day a brilliant assembly was held in the governor's hall of audience, at which Herod Agrippa and his sister, with all their court were present. Paul was led in, and Festus, having briefly stated the facts to Agrippa, invited the prisoner to speak. It was the wonderful story of his life that Paul told, as he stood before them in chains, worn with the labors and hardships he had borne for Christ. His sole crime, he said, was his belief in the resurrection of the dead. Did it seem so strange a thing to Herod, himself a Jew? As to the charge of preaching Jesus of Natharis, it was in obedience to the divine revelation at Damascus that he had done so. Because of this the Jews had sought to kill him, yet he had preached only what Moses and the prophets had foretold, that the Christ must suffer and rise again, to be the light of the chosen people and of the Gentiles. To Festus, Paul's impassioned words seemed like the raving of one demented. Much learning has made you mad, Paul, he said, you are beside yourself. I am not mad, most excellent Festus, replied Paul gently. I speak sober words and Jew. Then, turning to Herod, who had seemed impressed by what he had said, Do you believe the prophets, King Agrippa? he asked him. I know that you believe them. Paul's words had astonished Herod. He had felt himself moved against his will, by that burning tide of eloquence. The question brought him suddenly to himself. A little more and you would persuade me to be a Christian, he answered half-loving. Paul's eyes swept the circle of faces before him. With a sudden passionate gesture he raised his feathered hands to heaven. I would to God, he cried, that you and all who are here with you today were altogether such as I am. The sound of the change reminded him suddenly of his condition, except these bones he added softly, and the soldiers led him from the hole. This man has done nothing worthy of prison or of death, was the general verdict. He might have been set free if he had not appealed to Caesar. It was too late. He had appealed to Rome, and to Rome he must go. He was therefore confided to the care of a centurion called Julius, who was about to embark with a convoy of prisoners for Italy. Luke and Aristarchus, a faithful disciple of Thessalonica, were allowed to go with him, for Julius had received orders to treat Paul with kindness and courtesy. The ship in which they sailed from Myra was a grain transport on its way from Alexandria to Naples. The wind was against them and they pushed on with difficulty to a small bay called Fairhaven's, on the southern coast of Crete. It was not a good harbor to winter in, but the dangerous season had already begun, and a question arose as to whether it would not be wiser to remain there, rather than run the risk of seeking a better. Paul was strongly in favour of the former course. He warned them that they would risk both the cargo and the lives of the passengers if they continued the journey. Julius, however, was more ready to agree with the captain and the pilot, who were anxious to reach Venice. Taking advantage of what looked like the promise of calm weather, they put out to sea, and were sailing along the coast of the island, when a sudden hurricane swept down on them through the clefts of the Cretan mountains. There was nothing to be done but to let the ship drive with the wind, and to hope against hope that she might be able to stand the terrible strain. Beaten and tempest tossed, fearing at one moment to fall into the quicksands, and at another to be hurled upon the rocks, the terrified crew lightened the ship by casting overboard the greater part of the cargo. The next day, all that could be spared of the ship's tackle was sacrificed, but still the storm continued, seeming rather to increase in fury than to show signs of clearing. A thick darkness enveloped the vessel, while the sailors losing courage gave up all hope and resigned themselves to their fate, refusing even to take food. But there was one man on board for whom death had no terrors. You would have done better, said Paul to his terrified shipmates, to have listened to my advice and to have remained in harbor. But now, since we have incurred this danger, hear my words and take courage. This night, there stood by me an angel of the Lord, whose I am and whom I serve. Fear not, Paul, he said, for you shall stand at Caesar's tribunal, and God has given you all that are with you in the ship. Take heart, therefore, for as it has been told me, so shall it be. On they drove through the raging storm and the darkness until, one fearful night, they sighted land. Sounding, they found that the water grew shallower as they advanced. They had not been mistaken. But what kind of coast were they approaching? Had they escaped so far only to fall upon the rocks? Casting out four anchors from the stern, they waited anxiously for the day. The sailors in the meantime, knowing that land was near, and thinking only of their own safety, proceeded under pretense of being busy about the anchors to lower the boat. But Paul's watchful eyes were upon them. He warned Julius, who gave orders to the soldiers to cut the ropes, and the boat fell into the sea. The terrified and fasting passengers were in no condition to battle for their lives. Taking bread in his hands, Paul gave thanks to God, broke it and partook of it before them, inducing them to follow his example. For none of them, he said, would be drowned. Strengthened by their repose, they proceeded to cast overboard all that remained of the cargo of grain, and by this time it was already day. It was an unknown coast that the first streaks of dawn revealed to them. They lay directly opposite a small creek or bay into which they resolved, if possible, to run the ship. Cutting the cables, they hoisted her sail to the wind, and made for the opening. But midway between them and the shore was a shore, or reef, on which the ship ran aground. The fore part of the vessel stuck fast, while the hinder part, was rapidly being beaten to pieces by the waves. Swimming was now the only chance of safety, but it also was a chance of escape for the prisoners. The soldiers would have put them all to death as the safest and shortest way, but Julius, anxious to save Paul, intervened. Let those who could swim, he said, leave the ship at once, that reaching land, they might do what they could to help the others. The rest, seizing boats and planks and anything they could find, cast themselves overboard, and all reached the shore in safety. The inhabitants of the island, who had hastened to the spot, treated the shipwrecked crew with great kindness. It was the island of Melita or Malta, they said, as they made a fire to dry the shivering strangers. Paul, who was working with them, had just thrown a bundle of sticks into the flames, when a viper, roused by the heat, fastened on him with its poisonous fangs. The islanders, seeing the venomous creature hanging from his hand, concluded that the vengeance of heaven was pursuing him. He is a murderer, they whispered among themselves, who has only escaped the dangers of the sea to perish on land. Paul, who had shaken off the serpent into the fire, seemed alone unconcerned at the occurrence. The people, expecting every moment to see him drop down dead, were astonished beyond words as time went by and no evil effects followed. Opinions suddenly changed. This man must be a god, they said. Death has no power to harm him. Subsequent events only increased their veneration for the stranger. The father of Publius, the governor of Melita, who had received the travelers into his house, was cured by Paul of a dangerous illness. The news spread fast. All that were sick in the island hastened to the Apostle and were healed. Souls as well as bodies drew new life from his presence. The islanders could not do enough to honour the guest that God had sent them. And three months later, when the dangers of the winter being over, a ship from Alexandria cast anchor in the harbour of Melita. It was a sorrowful company that escorted Paul and his companions to the seashore and bade them a sad farewell. Landing at Puteoli, the Centurion Julius, having remained a few days at Naples, that Paul might visit the brethren, set out with his prisoners and his troop to Rome. The Christian community had heard of the Apostle's arrival and came a long way out to meet him. Cheered and encouraged by their loving reception, he entered the city, where, seven years later, he was to meet Amartar's death. End of Chapter 10 Chapter 11 of The Life of Saint Paul This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Life of Saint Paul by Francis Alice Forbes Chapter 11. The City That Has Foundations The Roman authorities treated Paul with indulgence, for the report of Festus had been strongly in his favour, and the Centurion Julius had nothing but good to say of his prisoner. He was allowed to live in a private lodging of his own, where everyone who wished might come to him. This was all that the Apostle desired, for to a certain extent it made it possible for him to continue his ministry. That he was a prisoner he could never for a moment forget. For a soldier of the Priatorian Guard, whose wrist was fastened by a light chain to his own, was responsible for his safety, and was always at his side. Never for one moment could he be alone. But what to most people would have been an intolerable burden was to him but another chance of winning a soul to Christ. The keepers succeeded each other at intervals. All but the most brutal of these men must have felt Paul's influence, drawing them to higher and nobler things. Some, in their turn, probably became apostles, and spread the face of Christ amongst their fellow soldiers. For the number of Christians in Rome increased greatly during the time of Paul's imprisonment. The Apostle's first thought was as usual for those of his own nation. He sent messages to the chief men amongst the Jews, begging them to come to him. It was hard indeed to discourage this great-hearted servant of Christ. From the Jews he had received, on his own evidence, five cruel scourgings. Since the moment when he had fled from Damascus to escape their vengeance, they had plotted to murder him in nearly every city where he had breached the faith. His imprisonment at Cicarea and in Rome was there doing. Yet now, when they came to him and answered to his message, he could say to them in all sincerity that he had nothing of which to accuse his nation. Disappointment awaited him here as elsewhere. The greater number refused to believe the Gospel. He could forgive and forget their treatment of himself, but not their treatment of his master. Well did Isaiah's prophecy of you, he cried, with the ear you shall hear and shall not understand, and seeing you shall see and shall not perceive. Know therefore that the salvation of God is sent to the Gentiles and they will hear it. There was already a large Christian community in Rome, amongst whose members were many old friends of earlier days. Scattered abroad, through the cities of Greece and Macedonia, by the edict of Claudius, they had now returned, for Claudius was dead, and a monster called Nero sat on the imperial throne. There were Christians even in the household of the emperor, for his wild beast nature had not as yet fully revealed itself. Christians amongst the noblest families in the city, as well as amongst the poorest. Mark was in Rome, and Paul could now speak of him as a true and faithful friend. Bring Mark with you, for he is profitable to me for the ministry. He was to write in later years to Timothy. Epaphroditus, a faithful disciple of Philippi, had arrived in Rome with offerings from the Philippians. Lydia and her friends had heard of his imprisonment, and were ready to do all they could to prove their affection and sympathy.  Paul hastened to send by the hands of Timothy a letter full of love and gratitude to the Christians at Philippi, thanking them for their kind thought of him. Their beloved Epaphroditus God had cured, he told them, lest I should have sorrow upon sorrow. The Ephesians had also heard of Paul's imprisonment, and were overwhelmed by the news. The Apostle dispatched Tihikus to Ephesus with a letter of comfort. Paul was the prisoner of Jesus Christ, he reminded them, praying them not to faint at my tribulation for you, which is your glory. Luke, the most dear physician, was with him, and the faithful Aristarchus, Dimas also, who was later under the stress of persecution to fall away from the faith, and other disciples. The preaching of this ambassador in a chain touched the Gentiles to the heart, and strengthened the Christians in their preaching of the faith. All who came to Paul found help and sympathy. Amongst others a runaway slave called Anasimus, who, having robbed his master Philemon, a Christian of Colosseum, had fled to Rome. This outcast, too, Paul won to Christ, and sent him back to ask pardon of his master. I beseech you for my son Anasimus, he wrote, whom I have begotten in my bonds and whom I send back to you. If you look on me as a brother, receive him as myself. The imprisonment dragged on for two long years, at the end of which Paul was set at liberty. He had scarcely left Rome when a terrible persecution broke out against the Christians. The idea had entered the wicked head of the Emperor to build himself a palace that should be more magnificent than anything the world had seen. He would show them what a Caesar could do. No expense was spared to carry his plan into execution, but the space at his disposal was not large enough to please his ambitious taste. The poorer quarters, chiefly inhabited by Jews and Christians, were in his way. Suddenly, one July day, a terrible fire broke out in the crowded part of the city that lay nearest to the new palace. Street after street was consumed, until the whole wally was like a blazing furnace. Scarcely had it died down when the flames burst forth again. Rumour whispered that the men sent by Nero to fight against the fire helped rather than hindered its spreading. It was said that the Emperor had been seen on the roof of his palace, singing of the fall of Troy, and exulting in the sight of the blazing city. He was already hated for his crimes. Rome had grown weary of the monster's tyranny. The Emperor realized that he had gone too far. His popularity was in danger. Someone must be found to bear the blame. An evil counselor suggested the Christians. They were an unpopular sect, disliked and despised by the Romans. Nero caught eagerly at the idea. The story was at once circulated that the Christians had set fire to the city. There were enemies of the state and of the people. This was the more readily believed, as the fire had broken out in their quarter, and men, women and children were seized and cast into prison. The evil mind of Nero then conceived a new idea. In putting the Christians to a fearful death, he might at the same time ensure his own popularity by providing an exciting entertainment for his subjects. The Romans loved the cruel sights of the arena, the combats, with wild beasts, the fights of the gladiators. He would give them the chance of indulging their taste to the utmost. A great festival was announced to take place in the circus, that the Emperor had built for himself in the gardens that lay at the foot of the Vatican hill, and the citizens of Rome were invited to attend. Posts had been set up at regular intervals, to which the Christians had been bound. The entertainment was now to begin. Panthers, lions and other wild beasts were let loose in the arena, and springing upon the martyrs, toward them limb from limb. A fresh batch of Christians were then brought out, wrapped in the skins of wild beasts. These were hunted to death by ferocious dogs, which had been made more savage by hunger. But the triumph of cruelty was reserved for the evening. Into the ground huge stakes had been driven, on which the Christians, wrapped in tunic soaked in pitch and sulfur, were impaled and set on fire. In the light of these fearful torches, a chariot race was held, in which the Emperor himself took part. He was in the highest spirits. Surely his lost popularity would now be regained, after such a day, as he had given to the people. But he had gone too far, even for the Romans. Murmurs of horror and pity broke out amongst the crowd. The chariot race was scarcely applauded. The citizens returned home ill-contained. Nero's plan had failed. In the dead of the night, men and women crept silently into the deserted gardens, to gather up the relics of their dead, those first fruits of the martyrs, who had given their lives for Christ.  The persecutions continued to rage. Edicts were issued against the Christians all over the Roman Empire. Those who had not courage to face death fled into the neighboring countries. Dearly beloved, think not strange the burning heat which is to try you, as if some new thing happened to you, says Saint Peter in his epistle to the churches of Asia, Britain at Rome about this time. If you partake of the sufferings of Christ, rejoice. If you be reproached for Christ, you shall be blessed. So were the Christians strengthened for the coming storm, that they might glorify God in this name. The years had gone by, and Paul was in Rome again a prisoner. The brethren no longer thronged about him, for it was death for them to be recognized. The faithful honesty for us, who had followed him to Rome, had to make a long search before he discovered Paul's prison. I am even now ready to be sacrificed, he wrote to Timothy in Ephesus. And the time of my dissolution is at hand. I have fought a good fight. I have finished my course. I have kept the faith. Saint Peter had also been taken. According to tradition, the two apostles shared the same prison, and were destined to suffer martyrdom at the same time. Saint Peter being crucified within the city, and Saint Paul beheaded without the walls. When thou shalt be owed, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and lead thee whither thou wouldst not go. The master had said to Peter, signifying at the evangelist, by what death he should glorify God. To Peter also it had been revealed that the end was near. I think it meant to stir you up by putting you in remembrance, he writes, in his second epistle to the churches shortly before his death. Being assured that delaying away of this my tabernacle is at hand, according as our Lord Jesus Christ has signified to me, to him big glory, both now and to the day of eternity. That Saint Paul was twice brought up for trial we know, from the letter written from his prison in Rome to Timothy at Ephesus. On the first occasion he had been delivered out of the mouth of the lion, but he knew that the respite was short, and the second trial could have but one ending. There was in Rome neither justice nor mercy for a Christian. Make haste to come to me quickly, he writes. Only Luke is with me. The cloak that I left at Troas with Carpus, when thou comest, bring with thee and the books, especially the parchment, make haste to come before winter. Oibolus and Pudence and Linus and Claudius, and all the brethren salute thee, the Lord Jesus Christ be with thy spirit. They led him out along the Ostean way to a spot far from the crowded city. A little band of soldiers surrounded him, three of whom were to be won to Christ by the death of the martyr. His eyes looked out over the sunlit Campania, to the far horizon, and the blue Italian sky, but they saw none of these things. It was a fairer vision that strengthened him for the last fight, and beckoned him to a glorious eternity. For that which is at present momentary, and light of our tribulation, worketh for us above measure exceedingly an eternal weight of glory. While we look not at the things which are seen, but the things which are not seen, for the things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are not seen are eternal. End of chapter 11 and end of the life of St. Paul by Francis Alice Forbes


First question is from Vidal F3. I want to get a machine for cardio between the treadmill elliptical Rower or bike what machine would be the most beneficial for workouts hit and overall health? Oh, if you well if the choice soon if the choice is between those In my opinion the treadmill is the is the best option. It's the most versatile Walking running you could practice your technique and form on them It's very functional. It's the easiest to do it lower intensities for a lot of people You know if you need to get on in there and just walk It's there's a reason why it's the most popular piece of cardio equipment. It's existed forever And it's always in all of them. I don't have an issue with ellipticals rowers or bikes the Necessarily, but the like a rower I think requires more skill Requires a little bit better stability ellipticals are okay But you're you're you're limited you can't do you can only do the elliptical whereas on a treadmill There's a lot of different things you can do if you want to get you know kind of created But at the end of the day The one that you feel most comfortable with is probably gonna be fine because really what you're training unless you're trained specifically for a Sport like biking rowing running You're just strengthening your cardiovascular system in which case you could do that with all of those Yeah, if you're looking at it in terms of the mechanics of walking running jogging and all that You know then a treadmill treadmill obviously is gonna make sense with that out of all of them But in terms of what I look for out of like a piece of cardio equipment is you know How how like involved I can get my lower body my upper body like everything? Stimulated by it so I tend to choose something like the rower or the bike like the assault bike where I can actually rip The handles and you know really get to my upper body Engaged as well. Just I just I can't stand To me it just feels like I'm a hamster on a wheel With with the treadmill and it's just like a slow death. I'd rather be outside, you know hiking or doing hills but for your average person I think a treadmill with the with the ability for it to incline I think it's fantastic option. I can actually make a case for each one of these There's there's a there's a person that this is that's why the answer is always depends with us, right? Yeah, because somebody and I've if I had to put one in last place I would put the bike unless you say the assault bike like Justin just said if you put a salt bike and replace a bike I can make a case for each one of those Your simple case you just made for the site I mean the second the assault bike too is I think it they've already done studies on the the ability to reach like your Your max heart rate and burn the most of calories real quickly, right? It's up it's up there with one of the best when it comes to it when we're talking about just straight burns So there's the case for that, right? Rower in my opinion is probably one of the healthiest things someone could learn to do now because of the point that Sal made The learning curve on it is probably the highest out of all those, right? You're getting on a bike very easy getting on a treadmill very easy elliptical even easier Rowing most technical but because it's most technical probably has the the greatest advantage for seeing the most return from it Right like I it's gonna if you learn to do it Well, you're gonna get great core strength from there you get leg drive from there You're doing retracting and working the posterior train So your back is getting involved which we as trainers know that working on the posterior chain is so important for most clients So I can make a ton of value for the road treadmill Why I can make the case the same reason why Sal did you get it's probably the most versatile You can do the most things on it as far as walking running skipping uphill flat even you can do some treadmills downhill So I think that that one is the most versatile Elliptical though if I have a client who is got joint issues if you have a lot of knee pain or hip pain That is the lowest impact that one in the bike or the lowest impact out of all those So it's probably the healthiest way and you are moving ellipticals are moving your arms and your legs So it actually when you measure the calorie burning comparison to a lot of things it may seem easier, but you I remember when I The body bug first came out. I actually wore it and then I did all of these different Cardio modalities to see like how the expenditure and the one I was most surprised and was elliptical elliptical was right up there with the Treadmill with the most amount of calories burn for the same amount of time that I that I was on it So I can see a lot of value there So it really depends on the person none of them none of them are wrong And like Sal said the main thing that you're using it for unless it's very sport specific for what you're trying to accomplish Is to train the heart and you could do that doing jumping jacks You can do that jogging outside. You can do that with warrior ropes running in place Yeah, and and the truth is no matter which one you choose if you do it every single day Consistently for the same time the same intensity at some point the body will get very adapted to it And then the main thing that you're trying to accomplish from it as far as you know You're your cardiovascular Endurance is going to start to diminish unless you start to vary change it or increase time or intensity on it I mean, but you know general activity is just good for you general daily activity is just healthy So even if you're doing it and you're not necessarily getting any more Cardio gains or fat loss gain so which one which one will you do the most right? Yeah That's that the truth is yeah, and I like to row row right So here's why I like to treadmill for me This is a me speaking just for myself with the treadmill I could and I used to do this I in my personal training studio We had treadmills and we had ellipticals in there I had a few of them and what I would do oftentimes is when I was working Either on my phone working or I'm writing something or I want to read something I could multitask easier with the treadmill than I could with like an elliptical Or a definitely a rower because a rower requires your hands I could put the book up on the Platform whatever the screen for the treadmill and I would just do a slow walk So rather than just sitting and reading and believe it or not for someone like me That movement actually helped me stay focused I would actually absorb more of what I was reading but I would walk at a slow pace It would be like you know with a three or whatever and I'd put the book up on the on the platform And I would just read and I'd be there for 45 minutes just to be active I didn't even mention the jump rope But that's my go-to mainly because like the timing of it and the snap and the power that is a great you know way to to translate to You know athletic moves and just be more explosive And it's just like a repetitive pattern that you're trained in your body to you know respond and get that recoil really quick And it requires a lot of skill. I mean there's no doubt about that Like you have to really work your way through that so you can get to the timing and the and the body position and you know Where when and where you need to like add your your bits of inflection, so It's definitely something though that I always go back to that to make sure that I have that skill


Ich weiß nicht. So, attention everyone, the talk on this slot has changed, so Torsten is not doing his talk, so I jump in with talking about two features we did in the last few months, good things das kommt zu south through rate, because it's going about stuff which took some time to appear at all in the world, and it's about border frames and writer graphics, so I'm splitting this in two parts, so it's about to show ongoing changes in LibreOffice and it's quite important, deep changes from my point of view and thanks to the customer to support this, so it was hard to decide what to show, but I chose two most important which from my point of view and I will use examples as far as possible to show you that it's really working, stuff like that. Maybe try to use live demonstration, but as you have seen in my talk before, it didn't work too well, so I will try to be careful, so border frames, better title would be frames for cells and tables in the office, so used in various places, Kalk of course, tables and writer, tables and tables, but also in the UI, so the border defining custom widget is also using this stuff already, so all of them use their own model implementation as usual, all use their own visualization processing and all look bad and were somewhat broken, I'm not sure for how long, maybe two, two and a half, three years, I don't know how it happened, I resisted to look into git blame or something, I had no interest in that, who cares, so I just got this as a bug report, checked what's happening in source, that's a lot of stuff is broken, so I just started to fix it. So you see, left version, old version, right version, new version, so here, I think I can dare to go to the live, okay, let's end this presentation mode for a while, so you can see this live, it's this 5.2 version, and you see it looks horrible, not rounded or adapted or something, at least taking merged cells into account, not too bad, but when you change the cell appearance to something like double line, it's just horrible, so, and it's pretty much the same in draw, impress and stuff like that.  So, let's take the Kalkexample. In the current master you see it looks already better. And if you change the cell stuff, it just looks like you would expect. So, this is pretty much fixed. You can do different border stuff and things like that. And the overlapping is now changed in basic geometry below the rendering level. And more details soon. Writer also looked very bad. So now, table properties. Let's do something fancy quickly, whatever. And oops. You have this nice three-color things and writer. Stuff like that. And when you zoom in, you see, it's all there now. And it's also exported in PDF and print and stuff like that. So, this is fixed, I hope, for the next few years. So, next time I will check a good blame. And if someone breaks it again, you will hear from me. So, back to the talk. So, this is just the examples again. So, what was changed? Just some short development internals. No change to model data. So, in my opinion, it's not too expensive to do. It's just every application is doing its own thing. But I adapted all visualization processing in the U.I. Using primitives as far as possible. Line matching solved on model geometry level, as I just said. So, rendering should work. If it doesn't work, it's a question of the VCL shortcut stuff, which should then be fixed. So, the same tooling now, as we explained already. Extended tooling to handle rotated crossed for Kalk. I didn't show this now, but Kalk has this extra stuff that you can cross out fields. And if you cross out and use double line, it even gets matched to surrounding lines. So, you are not limited to 90-degree matching stuff like that. And the unified line and matching primitives are prepared to handle more than three line patterns. So, in the future, if someone thinks of a line with four draws and wants to match it, we can do that. And maybe useful when we want to offer frames for multiline polygons and stuff like that. We will see. So, we have a working matching stuff where you can do funny things. So, writer graphics, second thing we did is a better title would be make writer graphic fly frames really rotatable. So, this is requested since ages. You can look in Buxilla. It's about 20, 22 years, the first request to get that. So, Miklos did in-between step and added 90-degree rotations. Thanks for that. You didn't? Oh, sorry. I have to change the slide. I'm very sorry. Is Thomas here? No, please say him I'm sorry for the video recording. I should have asked one of you. So, done in multiple steps due to complexity. Core UI, ODF format, of course. It has to be represented surprisingly in ODF. There was already code to save and load an angle, but it was not good. It was in degrees and it was not correct and stuff like that, whatever. It was there. I don't know. Anyone seemed to have tried this before. So, first version shown as preview at Rome, LibreOffice Conference, and I collected feedback. This was very interesting because I got a lot of feedback from different people, what should happen and stuff like that. In the Rome version it was in-between step and it was all rotated inside the frame. So, not changing or expanding the frame. So, also added persistence UI elements, modifying graphics, preserve unchanged original. It's not so important, because the 90-degree rotations we had before did not really change the graphics, but only changed flags on the graphics, for example for JPEG, but they supported only three formats. So, no, you can, even with 90 degrees, you can rotate any graphic. So, first version still rotated graphic inside. I talked about not acceptable as final solution, of course not. So, continued internal development. I had to isolate all places, which needed to be adapted to make the frame expand on the image rotating. So, this is writer layout. Writer layout means to have to deal with writer frames. Writer frames means you have SVRect. This SVRect is handed out from the structure, controlling it as const reference, but also as reference. So, there were 1400 places changing this values. I isolated this 1400 places to get control over the stuff, renamed all of it, and isolated change to helper classes, which do the change in their destructors. So, all completely isolated to get control over this. This was urgently necessary to get this new kind of transformation into writer. In principle, you can see the SVRect as a transformation, if you like, but it's missing the rotation and shear stuff, and of course, the mirroring, even with the arrows at width and height can be negative as usual in the office, which makes a lot of problems. I limited the rotation to around center, which makes it simpler for the user. All I discussed with UI guys with this, and also our big competitor do this. It's just easier for people, I think. So, made this version work, including print, PDF in good quality and stuff like that. So, live example, we can do in a moment. So, I have a screenshot for you. This is in the 6.0, so you just see writer fly frames with graphics. In the top left, you just have no text flow defined in the top right. I just edit this mask with existing mask editor. In the top left, you see it rotated with frame on, and on the top right a little bit different rotated with the same frame on to show the expansion. But we will do this live in a moment. So, development internals. Huge changes I told about. Go to homogene transformations. So, homogene transformations are now available at writer frames. So, if someone implement something new, please directly use the homogene transformations. Of course, not all places doing geometry stuff in writer frames were adapted. It's just impossible too much stuff. So, providing alternative transformations that each writer flame no need to adapt, but please use, please use in the future. So, now let's go to the live, what the master is doing in the 6.0. So, let's just use writer, zoom out, DT, F3, get a chair, select some text, paste it, make it smaller to get a good flow, method, insert graphic, Einstein for example. So, what you have now is first position in size is expanded to rotation. So, you can just start rotating your image. You can also of course use this one to reset or stuff like that. Completely in the undo buffer, stuff like that. You can still mirror the original. You can have a frame around it and let's make the frame a little bit wider, raise it now, area, may borders. Oops, have a little bit more. As you have seen, this is also fixed. So, we can use something to pick for the screen. So, and to make the text flow like you would intend to do, of course you can use the stuff, which is here. And with Enable Contour you get the same, like you get without rotation. So, I don't like standard behavior like it is currently, but it's not dependent from the rotation. It's also what currently happens when you have a frame. So, I think it's an error, but I didn't change it yet. What you can do now is to edit contour and you just add contour for the full image and that's all you need to do to get your text flow. So, of course you have to switch off the frame to make it look a little bit nicer. You also have controls. Huh? Yeah, give me a moment. You see, this expanding frame with everything and persistence and as far as possible backwards compatibility with older versions. Be surprised when loading it. No, it's not that bad. It's just not what you hate it when you load it in an old office. So, this is working pretty well. So, next steps will be to make the background rotatable too, because the reason I cannot update missing should get in color. Yeah, whatever. The reason I cannot rotate the frame with it currently is the frame is using primitives already, so I could rotate the frame but the fill and the shadow of the right of life frames are still rendered more or less by feet, like it was for 20 years. So I have to transform this part to also use primitives and when we have it all to primitives you can just transform it as it is sort. So, after 6.0 I already talked about how we could do that in the file format. After 6.0 we will need some kind of flag or change to default by default rotate it with the frame but be able to load 6.0 files unrotated and to give the user the chance to choose what he wants to do. Yeah, questions. Go ahead. Rotation point. Do you mean something? Right. It's a pure user UI decision. It was even work to not show the movable center point. But that's by purpose really because our competitor does not do this without thinking about it and I think for normal users it's just easier. Okay, we can make another switch. Okay, that's the presentation of this stuff. So, for now let's ah, now the filling. Ah, you see the filling is dependent from the from the style running from the text flow. That's strange. Okay, whatever. Time, Haustime. Okay.