From theCUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, bringing you data-driven insights from theCUBE and ETR. This is Breaking Analysis with Dave Vellante. RSA conference takes place in the last week of April this year at a time when the industry is at a crossroads. Once hopeful that the security industry would be shielded from macroeconomic conditions, the past year has been painful for many investors with some exceptions, most notably Palo Alto networks and Fortinet. And that said, Q1 saw a rebound in tech and for the most part cyber lag tech, largely attributable to a rally in semis, which is oftentimes a leading indicator in normal times, but we did see a bounce back from names like CrowdStrike. But look, these aren't normal times and RSA gives us a nice opportunity to assess the situation in the market. Hello and welcome to this week's Wikibon Cube Insights powered by ETR. And this Breaking Analysis will update you on the latest trends in the market and what to expect at RSA this year. And we'll also share the latest ETR spending data and drill into the areas of cybersecurity that are seeing the most action. As always, we'll highlight those companies with the strongest and some of the weakest momentum and close with a look at some of the emerging technology players and security that might be ripe for acquisition. And to do all this, we once again welcome in our colleague, Eric Bradley from ETR, Eric, good to see you. Great to see you too, Dave. I always enjoy collaborating with you and we've got some fresh data for you. We just closed a week ago. So all the data we'll be going over today is brand new. Awesome. Let me just do a quick rundown of some of the themes that we expect this year at RSA. As we intimated the top, no sector's safe from the economic headwinds. I want you to weigh in on zero trust, Eric, because we're hearing a lot from CISOs that this is now a thing, not just a bunch of marketing mumbo jumbo. RSA is going to hammer AI, but the reality is AI is going to be embedded in platforms. And while there's going to be a lot of focus on automation, it's unclear how foundation models like GPT are going to be deployed. But most certainly everyone's expecting more sophisticated fishing techniques, increasingly clever evasion methods, and adversaries, as we know, are going to use AI to better target assets. But RSA is going to be, I'm going to be really interested at how the industry will respond to this never-ending escalation. And Eric, we all hate passwords. They got to go. I know you've done some work on XDR and are hearing more from the community on that front. And the other thing is securities move beyond the boardroom, and it's now like a whole house thing. The whole company has to care about it. We're going to talk about the emerging security companies. And finally, identity remains a sub-segment, but it begs the question, is the industry facing an identity crisis? Eric, comment on some of these highlights, anything you want to add on whether it's XDR or AI, or what do you expect? Yeah, I could go through all of them, but I'll start with just the first one you mentioned, which is the Zero Trust. You and I have been doing this long enough. We know that it started as a marketing buzzword and that eventually turned in from marketing into, well, Zero Trust is a philosophy. And then now what we're seeing is it's not a philosophy. It's an actual application. It's a software-defined approach to security. And it's going all the way from the boardroom, all the way down into the DevOps, the shift left all the way through. And Zero Trust is no longer hype. It is real. It is the number one priority among our community. And it begs the question now with open generative AI and large language models. Now, right now, is it hype? Is it headlines? Maybe, but just like we saw at Zero Trust, I'm fairly certain that this is going to work its way into security as well. All right, let's kick things off with some spending data. Eric, it keeps getting worse. We entered 2023 expecting 5.6% spending growth. We're now down to 3.6% overall. Q2 is looking pretty tepid. The good news is ETR's Technology Spending Intention Survey had about 1700 respondents this quarter. A new record, the bad news is the data is probably better than it's ever been, Eric. What's your take on the latest data? The more people we survey, the worse it gets, right? Yeah, really interesting. So I know Gartner came out recently with a 5.5%. Our data is showing more about 3.6% across the board. But one of the things that we can do that they can is we can break this down by all separate demographics, whether that's region, whether that's industry vertical or size. And something that's interesting to point out here is that the bigger the company, the less you plan on spending. So the highest spend for next year is actually with small organizations where the Fortune 100 respondents are planning on growing less than 1% of their budget. And I think it's just really interesting to note. I don't know if that's because smaller players are catching up or larger companies are just being a little bit more cautious. But it is interesting to note. And in addition, we're also seeing that energy and utilities, the type of industry that we used to call a dividend stock or a conservative type of name, they are the highest spenders as well. So even though the data is coming down across the board on an aggregate basis, there are some pockets of spend most most importantly in the small organizations. All right, let's take a look at the sector positions, Eric, because ETR has a taxonomy and I love the fact that it's consistent every quarter. We can go back and look at how it did on a time series basis. This chart shows net score or spending momentum on the vertical axis and the presence in the data set, pervasiveness on the horizontal axis. Every single sector is down, including cloud and cyber, which is shown with the squiggly lines indicating the position over the last several surveys. There are some bright spots though, as you said, the small and mid-sized businesses, energy, and of course the government continues to spend. But healthcare, tech, retail, and financials are all below the mean, Eric. Anything you'd add? Yeah, a couple of things. I mean, also on the government side, right? I mean, we're passing legislation that they have to catch up on security. So that spend is also going to help. There's no doubt about it. And on the sector basis, it really is kind of scary because it's across the board. Generally in years past, we've lived through a lot of tough times and we'll see one or two areas, but nothing seems immune to the current environment right now. Normally cloud spending is immune. Normally security spending is immune. And even though our data shows them as the highest priorities, the overall spending's still coming down. Yeah, Andy Jesse, his letter at the shareholders, his annual letter talked about being a tough year and they're still able to innovate. But he basically said it's getting, things are slowing down and we've reported on this quite extensively. Cloud's still significantly outpacing on-prem by quite a wide margin, but it's down from the, certainly down from the 30% growth levels down in the mid-day. In that letter, you specifically called out AWS too, not just across the board, but true cloud services as the real problem. It was an interesting letter. Yep, absolutely. We talked earlier about zero trust and this is a new data point. I'm really excited that you guys added this to the survey. Let's talk through this chart. What is this telling us? Zero trust being now the number one initiative? Sure. First of all, shout out to you, Dave, because I remember about six months ago, you said, you know, you keep running the same question and every single year security is number one. I don't even want to show this anymore. So because of that conversation you and I had, we actually decided to change this question up a little bit and this is based on a top trends interview series that I conducted back in January where we took 10 CIOs and CISOs, asked them what their top trends were. We can all see that on the ETR platform if you want. But what we did is we took those top trends and then put them as the ranking order, but lo and behold, security was number one again, this time zero trust security. And then we also dug down a little bit deeper later in the survey to find out exactly which aspects of security were of the most important and the highest priority, which we can dig into. But again, to your earlier point, this is not hype, this is not a philosophy, this is a real application that CISOs are employing. All right, Eric, let's double click now on that security piece. We know security is the number one priority, but then what you guys did, which was great, was you double clicked on that and said, okay, what areas of security are you really focused on? Take us through this chart, please. Yeah, it was interesting. So we decided to say, let's go one level deeper on this one. And we know security is the number one priority, but that data point was just getting stale. No one was really interested in hearing about it anymore. So we decided to say, okay, let's figure out which ones there are. And identity access management number one was not surprising. What was surprising and jumped off this page to me was vulnerability management being tied for number one priority. We think of that as just basic hygiene. That's security, scanning, patching. That's not something that we think of as the highest priority in the sexiest. But right now in all the conversations I'm having, constantly vulnerability management is coming up. And I'd love to talk about a little bit deeper if we could, but one of the things we're also seeing is right next to it is the EDR moving into XDR. And this is probably the biggest trend that I expect to hear a lot about it at RSA. This EDR moving to XDR can really be disruptive to everything. It can be disruptive to vulnerability management. It can be disruptive to log management like SIM and the observability players like Elastic and Datadog. If you're doing XDR properly, all of that data telemetry is going to be coming into that. And therefore they can disrupt a lot. You can take a lot of budget out. I've heard some Sizzos tell me that CrowdStrike and Sentinel-1 have come to them and said, get rid of QALIS, get rid of Tenable, get rid of Rapid7, I can do it for you. Now they're not ready to go ahead and do that, but that's the rhetoric that's happening in the marketplace right now. So it's something to really keep an eye on. Yeah, you know, and the Sizzos have told us that if it weren't for their compliance requirements, they'd love to get rid of their SIM, right? That's sort of what you're talking about here. Explain the EDR to XDR because a lot of companies are sort of jumping on that XDR bandwagon and it's become kind of a lot of marketing confusion around that. Help us cut through that. There's definitely marketing confusion around it, but basically what's happening here is we've had old school endpoint, we had old school antivirus and endpoint, then the endpoint kind of moved and moved and moved. Identity became the endpoint. And now what we're seeing is just throw the word X in front of anything, right? Because now what we're saying is it's not just the endpoint, it's anything that's out there in the perimeter we can now gather information from. We can take data telemetry from it and bring it in. And the real key here is not just about bringing it in and throwing it into your logging machine, it's about automating that response. What do I do with it? This way your CISO has a playbook. This way you don't have a million sock analysts fatigued and tiring and looking at every single alert that comes through. It's really about the detection and response part. So it's the D and the R that's more important than the X in XDR. And does it sound like hype? It does, but it's not. The CISOs I talked to are extremely excited about it. Everybody's chasing it. Crowdstrike's the leader. Sentinel-1's still out there trying to get their way. Cisco is working on one. Palo Alto's got it. Fortinet, which we call four to everything, does it as well. And Fortinet, I just want to call them out because we saw that the small organizations are spending the most. And Fortinet's really doing the best with them. It's actually the only security leader in our data that has a net score that's up year over year, the only one. And it might have something to do with the fact that they're so big in small and mid-sized organizations. And it's interesting when you look at the Cyber Stock Index, generally it's down, certainly down over the past year. Year to date it's done a little bit better, but it's performed below the NASDAQ. But no question, two companies stand out over the downturn. It's Palo Alto and Fortinet. Fortinet actually done quite well. Crowdstrike got hit, of course, came back. And your point about small business is interesting because two quarters ago they cited softness in the small business. They had a really good quarter or last quarter. And they did a deal with Dell, which is obviously very strong in small business. So that's going to be interesting to see if small businesses sort of gravitate toward that play or they go toward like a managed service, you know, a security provider, like an Arctic Wolf or someone like that. That's going to be really interesting to see how that plays out. Interesting that you bring up Arctic Wolf. I think we have that data, so I'll save that time. They're one of the best in our emerging technology survey. And I really do believe these managed service security providers are having a big impact on the space right now and we're going to hear more about them. All right, so before we get there, let's drill into some of the leaders in the security space. Here's that same X, Y two-dimensional graphic that we talk about all the time, spending momentum or net score on the Y axis and overlap within the data set or really the X axis is plotted based on the shared number of mentions. That red dotted line, that's sort of an indicator of a highly elevated spending velocity on a platform. And on the insert in the bottom right, we've pasted those companies that are near or above that net score of 40%. Microsoft, Auth0, CrowdStrike, Cyberock, Octa, which also owns Auth0. So if you add those up, it's pretty impressive. And then SailPoint and Zscaler. So Eric, fewer names above the 40% level today than we've seen in the past couple of years. What's your view on the competitive action in the market? Well, we've got a very crowded marketplace. There's no doubt about it. And so many of these people are viewed as niche or point solutions and they could be best to breed. But I wanna call out just that one name that's hiding in the top right corner there, Microsoft. Now, are they the best at everything? No, they're not, but they're getting pretty good. They're getting good enough. And I had one scissor recently told me, obviously I'd love to have something like Splunker, Elastic or Sentinel. But if I just need a workman's like job, I'm gonna go to Microsoft because it's better for me from a cost perspective. It's better for me from a human management perspective. And Microsoft just continues to do the job well. And now with generative AI and large language models, I'm really interested to see what they do. They're still gonna be a dominant factor in security. But overall spending is coming down. That's the backdrop. So I'm not so concerned to see these net scores dipping below the 40% level. The ones that you consider best to breed are still up there. Obviously the crowd strikes as e-scalers, the octas, the sale points, they're still up at that level. And I think if we see budgets return, we'll see if those net scores go back up as well. I'm not as worried about the drop. It really is something that you should expect in the spending environment and the concerns we have on a macro basis. You know, octa and octa zero, interesting. I mean, I loved that acquisition. I never liked the price. It was $7 billion price tag, but I loved the fact that octa had the enterprise sewn up, octa zero and octa was missing. It was a gap for developers and that's really what octa zero had. And then two things happened to octa. They had that benign hack and it was just they kind of misplayed the communications on it and that hurt them a little bit. And then they just didn't, they never figured out the go-to-market with octa zero. They sort of, they thought they had it and they made a move and it just didn't work. And so I've always, but I've always been sanguine about octa long term. I like the company. They're everywhere you go. People talk about them as best of breed. So I think once they finally figure that out that the, you know, the five year outlook, if you will, for octa is really positive. What do you think? If we have a moment, yeah, I'd love to touch upon that because I know we're going to go to this potential targets disruptors model. So a couple of years back, if I would cross-reference the emerging technology security plays with octa's accounts, octa zero was up and to the right. They were number one in octa's accounts. So it wasn't that surprising to me to say octa went out and said, you know what? This is our number one competitor. If you just want out of the box integrations, you're using octa, but if you need some actual development, people are going off zero. And I agree with you. It was a really smart acquisition. Now the integration of it, maybe not because it seems as if right now they're just letting all zero be all zero. It's not really integrated, but both of them have incredibly high net scores. And, you know, pervasion is get creeping up more and more for all zero and octa is an incredibly pervasive vendors. So agree with you on that point. All right, let's have a look at what we call the four star security companies. This is kind of something we came up with a few years ago that underscores the capability of the ETR data platform. It's simple, but it's really powerful. What we're doing here is we're taking the top 20 companies in the survey with an N of at least 100. And we're sorting them on the left hand side by net score, that's spending momentum. And the right hand side is the number of N, number of mentions in the data set. And that red dotted line is the top 10 for each of the cuts. And if a company makes the top 10 in both spending momentum and presence in the data, i.e. shared N, we give them four stars. And we've given two stars for honorable mention if the company makes the top 20 in both. And so Microsoft Palo Alto, CrowdStrike and octa get four stars and that's octa even without including odd zero. Fortinet just missed. So sometimes it gets four stars. We probably should give it three stars here, but no before is right there. Zscaler and Cloudflare as well. And Cyberark is also strong. Cyberark has 45% net score. It just needs a bit more market presence to get that four star level. Eric, what do you think of this simple methodology and any takeaways that you have? First of all, I love it. I play with this data all day long and I've never done this before. So it might be stealing it from you, Dave. I think it's fantastic. Couple of names here that really jump out. I think no before needs to get an honorable mention as well. They're just doing fantastic work and people are using them for the training aspect. And as we all know with all of these attacks it almost always comes down to some human myths. Training is imperative and no before is in a great spot for that training. So I think they deserve a quick call out. The other one here that we have to talk about is Cloudflare. I mean, Cloudflare is just absolutely amazing. They're in great position because people are already using them. If you have any application, if you have any web application presence, they're already being used and they are just across the board. So they've got also denial of distribution of service. They got the DDoS, they've got web access firewall, they've got balancing, they've got bot protection and everything we hear about Cloudflare are the people that are using them are extremely pleased with the service and they just kind of keep adding more and more and more security. And they're really one of these names that just, you can't give them enough credit. They're becoming more pervasive in the enterprise. Their net score, their spending is off the charts. And I think they're going to be more acquisitive going forward. You know, last summer, one of the folks that watches breaking analysis emailed me and said, I won't tell you who it is, but it was somewhat at one of the hyperscalers. I'll tell you that and said, Dave, you know, love breaking analysis. You know much about Cloudflare. And I was like, I don't really follow them. You know, that's not a company I'm tuned into. And this individual said, you got to check them out. So I did, I did a breaking analysis. Of course, the first thing I did is I went to the ETR dataset and I went, wow. And then I started getting into the financials and watching some videos and, you know, their CEO. I think, you know, really interesting. They put forth their, watch their investor day. It was extremely impressive. And my conclusion was, this is what multicloud should have been. You know, they basically have the super cloud as we talk about sometime. And so, and then as you learn more about them, it's pretty impressive. They've announced a, you know, an object store. They get databases and it's early days, but I think they've got big ambitions. And I think with the distributed computing happening, they're in a good position. Yeah. I mean, it's fantastic. It's a play that was really simple. It started off with, I think we could take share from Acoma on content delivery, right? We're cloud native. They're not, let's just start there. And then they just kept growing and growing and growing. And with their global pop network being right out there on the edge, they're in the right spot. They're going where the puck is headed. I just think they're fantastic and they keep adding more security. This is actually the first time we track them as a true cloud computing player. And they're already in line with Google, with GCP. They've got the same net score as GCP in our cloud computing sector, which I just blew me away. Yeah. It's funny. I said I didn't know who they were, but then actually my VPN is <IP_ADDRESS>. And so I was like, oh wow, that is cloud player. All right. Let's turn to some of the emerging tech companies in cyber, ETR. I love this survey. It accelerated its investment in emerging technology survey ETS over the past year. And this is a treasure trove of data. Eric, these are privately held companies that you guys specifically survey with IT decision makers. And we're talking about a survey with more than 1400 respondents. And this is the cyber segment. It's actually mind boggling. Isn't it that in such a crowded market, there's still so much room for many emerging companies and as well, so many that are well known based on this net sentiment data on the vertical axis, which is really an intent to engage and then the mind share on the X axis. So a couple of names really stand out, but over to you, Eric, maybe explain this in more detail. Yeah, certainly. So for historically, real quickly, everyone knows that ETR was launched really as a financial services research company. So we started off researching the public tech companies, but obviously private and the venture capital became so big that we needed something for them as well. And now it's really just more about the enterprise tech company themselves needing this competitive intelligence data. So you're right, we really have doubled down on this emerging side. What really jumps out to me is I have a different view over here on my screen I'm looking at, which is just the overall plans to evaluate and the number one and number two name are both the same, they're both sneak. And that's because we follow them in container security and application security. The reason I want to bring it up is because we talked earlier about vulnerability management, the XDR players trying to encroach on them. The other issue with vulnerability management was they weren't born cloud native. They were born with more old-fashioned type of network and on-prem stuff. These guys are cloud native. These guys work in containers. These guys work in cloud architectures. I don't think they're going away. There's a lot of names on this list that I just think are just dominating in their space. It's only a matter of time before they either get taken out or go public themselves. So there's a lot of data here and this data can be predicted. We've predicted acquisitions before by crossing this data with the public thesis data and really seeing where the overlap is with the end user base. Okay, so I had never done that before but I did it this time. I took a stab at it, tell me how I did. So this next chart unveils it which is an amazing capability in ETR's data. So what we're doing here is we're taking, as Eric just said, the privately held companies in the ETS data and then we pick some possible acquiring companies from the thesis. And I kind of loaded up here, Eric. I thought, okay, we got Cloudflare, Fortinet, Palo Alto, Cisco, IBM, CrowdStrike, Zeke Scaler, Microsoft, Google, AWS, CyberArch and Okta as possible acquirers. But this data is telling us is the overlap, correct me if I'm wrong, between these publicly traded companies in the thesis technology spending intention survey and crossing them with the emerging technology companies to highlight possible acquisitions. Eric, is that right? And what does this data tell you? That is 100% accurate. So what you're looking here on the left side is of those 870 people, that's people that took the thesis and cited spending for these companies over there on the left. Then among those 870, we say, okay, which companies on the emerging or private side are best positioned. Therefore, basically whether it's tech stack alignment or disruption, for some reason, there's a very strong correlation in their accounts, meaning you have the same customers basically. So they're either disrupting you or there's some actual sort of contingency there where the tech stack alignment benefits each other and they correlate together. So when we actually look at the numbers here, again, Sneak jumps out at me, Sneak jumps out right away. A name like Salt Security that does API security, so important right now, they jump out at me. Abnormal is an email security. We haven't seen email security change in so long. And we're still using GroupPoint. And right now, as you mentioned earlier in the show, I truly expect Generative AI to increase the efficacy of phishing campaigns. All of us need to ratchet up our email filters. So these are all names that should be looked at. And I think the big companies with cash are looking at them because there's another factor at play. SVP just failed. Private equity funding isn't what it used to be. We're in a bad macro environment. If these guys need cash, they're not just gonna go back and do a series D at the same valuation. That world's over for right now. But you know who does have the cash? Some of the public companies, they're sitting on it.  They are used to making acquisitions. They have cash and there's a lot of great companies out there for the taking. And in the past, we've actually predicted just to name two of them, Palo Alto taking out Twistlock and Octa taking out Office Zero through this exact screen that you did. I give you an A plus on this screen, Dave. You did a great job on this model. Thank you.  Thank you, Ken. So, you know, I want to, I had not really studied this. You mentioned two companies where it was predictive. I would think, Eric, that companies like Sneak, One Trust, we didn't talk about Arctic Wolf, but they're really showing up consistently. You know, they got a lot of money in. They got, I think they have sort of desires to go public. However, you know, who knows when the IPO market's going to come back. But also, I would think there's some gems in the lower left here. Companies that don't have the mind share, maybe they don't have the go to market, but there's maybe some good tech in there that a company like, I think about like an acquisition that VMware made in Carbon Black, right?  You know, good technology but didn't really have that same momentum brought it into their fold. You know, you look at Carbon Black in the ETR service, it doesn't have a huge amount of momentum but I still think VMware has a pretty strong security story. But so I would think some of the lower left there might be really interesting candidates for M&A, especially if they don't have a lot of runway. Yeah, I think you're right about that because they're going to be the ones that dry up first, right? Because they don't have the momentum so they're not going to get the valuation. So they're the ones who are going to be more likely to go looking for that type of partner or takeout. The armor is one of them has great technology but really hasn't had the momentum in enterprise tech. I'd have to look at it a little bit more to come out with a couple of more names but I think it's a very astute point that it's not just the ones on the top right, it could be the ones in the lower left based on their technology and the funding might be drying up for them more quickly than the others. Yeah, cool. All right, one more because I just can't resist talking about chat GPT and the latest ETR drill down survey you asked decision makers if their firms are evaluating large language models and if so, for what purpose? And Eric, the first thing that struck me as odd is half the sample said they're not evaluating which is surprising but I'll bet someone at their firm is looking at it but the more interesting stats are of course the use cases, chat bots of course, summarizing texts, both strengths of chat GPT, writing code and documentation, sales and marketing copy they should throw in writing poetry, it's amazing at that. And not so much happening in the context of cybersecurity is there based on the initial scan of the market? No, we've done a bunch of work on this immediately in early March when it came out I was fortunate enough to get called by a fantastic journalist at the Wall Street Journal and work with him on our report. We did a flash survey and what we found out with that flash survey was right now it's more hype than anything people are scared of it. Even my own company had to come out with a policy telling our employees hey, you're not allowed to throw our data on there because once you throw your data on there it's not ours anymore. So people are still really concerned about the guardrails around it. Now, the issue is you're not gonna avoid this buzz. This is the ultimate shadow application. People are going to go and try it and use it. It's going to creep in. Therefore, I believe large enterprises are gonna trust a partner more than going to a straight up chat GP type of open AI. I think they'd rather see it worked in with Microsoft they'd rather see it worked in with Salesforce or AWS or BCP. And we're hearing more and more announcements about that. I think that's the way it's gonna get into the enterprise, but I do wanna state that also when we did the ETS open AI had the largest ever debut score on people saying they plan to evaluate it the highest ever. So if they can convert that plan to evaluation into actual customers it'll be really interesting to see in the next ETS. I wanna see if that number moves. But specifically to this drill down what we're seeing here is it's really more about customer support than it is about creating its own. We did not specifically ask about security in here but I've had multiple people tell me and I can even quote one once we get more leverage out of AI into RPA it's going to help close the gap in cyber risk models specifically. Right now it's a buzzword but the more and more intelligence we get in it's going to become a true measure in terms of our risk management. That was a direct quote from a CISO at a global 2000 organization when I asked them about this in general. It's just a matter of time Dave, it's going to happen. You know, the last 120 days or so with the chat, CPT has just been amazing. You know, the bar at AWS announced yesterday it's large language model strategy and I was reading about it on the AWS blog and I'm looking at a picture of now they have generative AI and they use these three components, Amazon Bedrock. Bedrock's like a foundation model as a service. They got Tranium which is their sort of arm-based training silicon and then they got Amazon Code Whisperer which is like an AI based code generator. It was interesting to sort of juxtapose how Amazon is basically saying here are the tools for the builders versus, you know, what Chat CPT's doing what Microsoft seems to be doing sort of embedding it, as you say, into their software and maybe Google would search more consumer oriented versus enterprise with AWS and of course AWS has Alexa which maybe could be their consumer play but I got to tell you, so I had dinner last night with not so much an AI expert, he knows AI deep. He's an expert on a lot of different things but he deepened the government and he was basically saying, look, this stuff has been around for a long time. He told me about something called Eliza which was in the 1960s, they called it in the 60s a chatterbot, it was like one of the first chatbots and people at the time were like, wow, this machine has feelings and he was explaining to me, Dave, these things do not have emotion but I find myself saying thank you to Chat CPT sometimes and please can you and so his point was, look, this has been around for a long time with Chat CPT, it's incredibly powerful but it's largely, it's been iterating over a long time with greater processing power, more data and now natural language processing and better search and more data but his point was, he sees amazing potential if it's very narrowly applied so kind of bringing it back to security, you've mentioned that, hey, a lot of companies have been using machine intelligence for understanding telemetry, we've seen CrowdStrike make some acquisitions near Zook of Palo Alto Networks last year at Ignite said within five years every job is going to be AI powered so this is not anything that's like new to security companies but it does feel like, with the hype that we're entering a new era here. Yeah, it's not new and I had a couple of CIOs say to me in choice language, bleep Chat GPT, this has been around forever. That's why I like prefer using that LOM, the large language model, right? Because let's just be honest about what this is. This isn't something that's new, right? This is just like you said, maybe just better application of something that's been around for a long time. Now for security, I think why we're gonna see it's embedded a little bit into RPA first is because of SOC analyst fatigue. There's only so many alerts a human being can look at. So it's really again, remember we talked about XDR, it's really more about that response aspect. I think we're gonna be able to see more automation into these type of security vendors and services. So we can kind of reduce some of that fatigue a little bit and determine what really needs attention and what doesn't and also just be a little bit quicker in their responses. That's where I think we're gonna see it first. But yes, it's been around a long time. It's incredibly interesting. It's going to stay interesting. And I think we're going to hear a lot more about it at RSA, that's for sure. Well, speaking of RSA, we're going to wrap up. Before we do just want to give you a little rundown of theCUBE at RSA. We were approved by the RSA conference as a media partner this year. So we're going to be on media row broadcasting from Moscone West. We've got CISOs, cyber experts, we've got analysts and we're going to a lot of thought leaders. We're going to have a great show. I'm super excited to be there. We got a big crew, a lot of our editorial staff is going to be there. So you can check out the action on siliconangle.com. We're going to have all the news there and announcements, cube.net will be broadcasting. Eric, I know you won't be there in person, but I hope you'll be watching and texting me all your insights so I can lay down some ideas in the cube and really appreciate your collaboration here. Now me too, I always enjoy working with you, Dave. I'll be there anytime you need some support, you need some data on the guy to call. We're going to leave it there for now. Thanks to Eric Bradley for his awesome contributions. As always, Alex Meyerson is on production and manages the podcast. Ken Schiffman running switching today. He must have lost the coin toss as well. Kristen Martin and Cheryl Knight help get the word out on social media and in our newsletters and Rob Hope is our editor-in-chief over at siliconangle.com. Does some great work for us, thank you. Remember all these episodes are available as podcasts wherever you listen, just search Breaking Analysis Podcast. We publish each week on wikibon.com and siliconangle.com. Check out all the videos on the cube.net and you can email me at David.Valante at siliconangle.com or DM me at dvalante or comment on our LinkedIn posts. And please check out etr.ai. Their survey data is unbelievable. It keeps getting better. Focuses on enterprise tech, a phenomenal partnership and more to come. Okay, this is Dave Valante for Eric Bradley, the Cube Insights powered by ETR. Thanks for watching and we'll see you next time on Breaking Analysis and at RSA conference at the end of the month.


Okay, so what we've seen so far is that we've introduced this idea of a variational energy where even if we can't solve Schrodinger's equation, if we have a trial function, a function that we think might be a solution to Schrodinger's equation or close to it, we can insert that trial function into this expression and that tells us something related to the energy of that trial function even though it may not be a wave function. So the other thing that we know about wave functions, if we have a set of wave functions, now these are the true wave functions that actually do solve the Schrodinger's equation for a problem, whether we know what they are or not, we know that the true wave functions, if we remember the postulates of quantum mechanics, have several properties. We can always normalize the wave function, so if we want to, we can assume that the wave functions are normalized, we can also write those wave functions in a way that they're orthogonal to one another and the postulates of quantum mechanics also tell us that those wave functions are a complete basis set, meaning specifically that any function can be written as a linear combination of these wave functions. So in particular, whatever my trial function is, there's a way to write it down as a sum of the ground state, first excited state, second excited state. If we find the right coefficients, we could write any function we like as a linear combination of these correct wave functions. And again, that may be hypothetical because if we don't know what the wave functions are, we don't know how to construct this trial function out of it, but it's at least possible in principle. This turns out to be a pretty powerful statement, however, because if we take these trial functions in the variational energy expression, so every time I see a phi, each of the four times I see a phi in this expression, I'm going to replace it with this linear combination of true wave functions, and what we'll see is that the energy of this wave function, this trial wave function, the variational energy becomes a fairly complicated expression and the numerator, phi star, becomes a sum of coefficients times wave functions, but each of those is now a complex conjugate. And then the Hamiltonian acts on the trial function again, which is again a sum of coefficients times wave functions. I'll use a different summation variable here to distinguish the sum and the first sum, which I'm using i for, and the summation and the second sum I'm using j. That's the numerator. In the denominator, it looks very similar just without the Hamiltonian. So I've got the sum of coefficients times wave functions, complex conjugate, and then the sum of coefficients times wave functions without the complex conjugate. So I've just replaced the variational trial function with its representation using the correct wave functions. Now, if I look at what I've written here, we can rearrange these sums and integrals to some degree, remembering that the Hamiltonian, of course, has some derivatives in it. So the Hamiltonian is acting on everything that comes after it. It's acting on this wave function. But in terms of the derivatives here, I don't have to worry about what that does to this linear coefficient, this just constant multiplying by the wave function. So if I, in the numerator, only bother to integrate over the things that depend on the variables, r, theta, phi, or x, y, z, or whatever variables we have, the wave functions and the Hamiltonian both depend on the coordinates of our system. So I have to keep those inside the integral. Everything else I can pull outside of the integral. So outside of the integral, I have a sum over i and a sum over j, and then two coefficients, ci and cj, one of which is complex conjugated. That's the numerator, very similar in the denominator again, just without the Hamiltonian. So I've got sum over i and sum over j that I've pulled out of the integral, ci star, cj, integral of psi i star, psi j. So all I've done in that step is rearrange the order of the sums and integrals, making sure to keep variables inside the integral and the i's and j's inside to the right of the sums in which they take place. But now that I've got it rewritten in this form, we can see that this is, we already know the answer to some portions of this integral. Remember, if a wave function is normalized and it's orthogonal to all the other wave functions, and if I have the integral of one wave function times another, that integral is either going to give me a 1 or a 0, depending on whether i and j are the same number. Integral of the ground state wave function times itself is going to give me 1. Integral of the ground state wave function times a different wave function is going to give me 0. So these are all going to be 1's and 0's in the integral and the denominator. In the numerator, let's see if I rewrite the result up here. My variational energy is going to look like, I'll go ahead and keep the double sum for one more expression. I've got the integral of psi i star. I've got coefficients that I shouldn't forget. C i star C j integral psi i star. But remember, since the psi's that we're talking about are the true wave functions, the Hamiltonian acting on wave function psi j H psi is equal to E psi. So Hamiltonian acting on psi j is just energy j times psi j. And in the denominator, I'll leave the denominator unchanged. Coefficients times this integral, which is either going to be a 1 or a 0. So that step, I've replaced the Hamiltonian with the energy because it's acting on an actual wave function. Those energies can be pulled out of the integral. Those are just constants now. When I pull those out of the integral, what's left in the numerator is also just psi i times psi j inside an integral.  If I think about the summation now, so this is a sum of all wave functions i and then also a sum of all wave functions j. If I have a psi i here, the integral, if psi j is anything other than an i, if the j is some wave function other than the psi i wave function, then this integral is going to contribute nothing. The only time this integral contributes is when the j is equal to the i. So the only term that matters in the j sum is the specific case where j equals i. And in that case, this integral will give me a 1. Likewise in the numerator, so what that means is I still have to think about the sum over all the i's. The only j term that contributes is when j is equal to i. So all my j's become i's. C i star times C j becomes C i star times C i. And I can write that as just the square, the magnitude of C i squared. The integral of psi i star times psi i, that's just a 1. And I've got an e sub j, which has now become an e sub i when I get rid of my j sum. And the denominator, I've got a sum over i C i star times C j becomes C i star times C i. And this integral becomes 1. So this result, what that says is that the energy, the variational energy of this trial function, is a weighted average of the energies of each of the true wave function energies. So it's a weighted average of the ground state energy. The first excited state energy, second excited energy, and so on. So that average of all those individual energies, that has to be at least as large as the lowest one. I could average, if I take the average, let's take the specific case of just two energies, a ground state and one excited state. If I take 100% of the ground state and none of the excited state, then I'll get back the ground state energy. If I take 50, 50, I get something that's halfway up. If I take 0% of the ground state and 100% of the excited state, I'll also get something that's higher than the ground state. No matter how I choose these coefficients, no matter what the coefficients are, then the energy of that variational function is going to be larger than, at least as large as, the ground state wave function itself. So that's going to turn out to be a pretty important statement. We've seen one example of this so far for the one-dimensional particle in a box when we calculated the energy of a trial function that was not the true solution. We got something that was 1.3% larger than the ground state, and that's kind of typical. What we've noticed is that if I don't know the true wave function, if I just guess a wave function, if I get lucky and guess the ground state wave function, what I'll get back is the energy of the ground state wave function. If I make a guess that's not correct, I'll get some different energy, but the ground state wave function energy is always giving me a lower bound on the energy that I'll get. So if I guess a trial function, calculate an energy, I don't know if it's the right energy or not, but I know it's a little bit larger than the ground state energy, or if I've guessed correctly, exactly the same as the ground state energy. So the closer my guess is to the true ground state wave function, the closer the energy will get to the ground state energy. And so that's going to turn out to be a very powerful technique for us to use in trying to understand what the energy is for problems where we can't actually solve Schrodinger's equation analytically.


I just installed a new Nvidia card in my computer and now I'm installing the Nvidia drivers. I really hope this works. Wait a second, I run Linux. With Linux, everything just works. I run Arch Linux.


First of all, I'd just like to thank you for inviting me to speak today. It's great to see all the familiar faces that I've known for a while now, but I think it's even better to see so many new people come to this event this weekend and get to meet so many new people that are interested in ideas that for us are essential in the fight for a better world. And within that, I think discussing the question of women or what role women can play in bettering society really is essential as well. And as Tash said, these texts were quite fundamental in allowing me to gain a better understanding of what the women's struggle is and also what the Bolshevik party was able to achieve in relation to women's liberation. So I strongly recommend that you take a look at this material. But going to sort of what we're here to discuss today and what I hope I can sort of enlighten you a little bit about and have a bit of a discussion about what role did women play in the Russian Revolution and what was sort of the situation in what we would call the bourgeois family in the period of the Russian Revolution and the years after. Well, the 23rd of February by the old Russian calendar was the equivalent of today's 8th of March. It was International Women's Day. And in the year 1917, there was a mass demonstration of women in Petrograd. This demonstration was led by striking textile women workers. And this demonstration marched onto the Duma demanding bread, demanding basic needs for the family, demanding basic needs for children. And obviously, as we still see today, the Tsarist government made every attempt to crush the demonstration, to crush the call for liberation of these women on International Women's Day. But you see, the fact is, is that you'll often see that women have a lot more to win in a revolutionary situation and they've got a lot less to lose. And so they carried on on that day. And it also helped that there was another 90,000 workers that were out on strike supporting the cause of women's liberation. And that's also without counting a solidarity strike that was taking place of washer women who were actually demanding the nationalization of laundries under the control of the local authorities. Now interestingly, this position of the washer women was considered premature by the Mensheviks. They considered this to be quite a premature demand that Russian society wasn't quite at the right stage in history to be debounding something like that. But the Bolsheviks were the only ones that gave full support to this demand. And in fact, sort of enabled these women to go forward to push forward and carry on in the struggle. And therefore, the women that were out demonstrating were able to gain the support of those same soldiers that were sent out to repress the demonstration. And these soldiers ended up actually turning their bayonets not towards the women that were demonstrating but towards the Tsarist regime in Russia. This is one of the events that marked the beginning of the great Russian Revolution. And it's important for women to remember that. It's important for women to know that, to give them courage to do the same today, essentially. The Russian Revolution marked a period that was the first time in history that the working class seized power and was able to begin running society democratically for themselves. And it's also, secondly to that, it's an incredibly important landmark for the question of women's liberation. Because the demands of the Bolsheviks, the demands of the revolution itself included the need to occupy the shut-in, private enterprise that is the family and replace it with social care, with social housing to allow the absorption of all the privately, the private housekeeping functions of the family to allow the social absorption of these functions by social, by public institutions. And this was a way to liberate women from that nucleus, let's say. And the Bolsheviks understood that this was only going to be possible if the commanding heights of the economy were to be nationalized in the interests of the masses, in the interest of women as well. And this, obviously, doing this would have, well, it did, as I'll explain, it allowed women to be free, it liberated women from the role that they have in that family and allowed them to participate fully in the running of society. I think a good way to explain what socialism aims to accomplish is, as Marx's characterization of a socialist society gives quite a good example of this or explains it quite well, he said it would be a society in which the sentences from each according to their ability and that means both in a physical sense but also in a psychological sense what their ability is to each according to what their need is. Now this in itself highlights that men and women have different abilities and they have different needs. So this sentence in itself kind of immediately wipes away any illusion that communism aims to have equality between genders in a mechanical sense. We're not talking about equality between people in a mechanical sense. We're talking about distributing the wealth in society for all in an equal manner but we do understand that obviously every individual has different abilities and every individual has different needs. The revolution was very important because it demanded that the majority of society would be educated in order to be able to run society. So there was a demand for further education and that obviously included allowing people to understand that motherhood is an important social function. It's a productive social function and that essentially women are the mothers of humanity and the Russian Revolution aimed for this to be protected as such aimed for motherhood to be protected in that way. It also demanded for people to understand that abortion is not something that is easily carried out by women but very often it's a necessity. It's something that women are compelled into doing because of the social conditions that they're in and the option of raising a child in poverty is not exactly appealing let's say and so it's an act of necessity and the Russian Revolution had the aim not only of enabling people to understand this but actually to remove any cause that would lead a woman to have an abortion. And also it was important for society to understand that the emancipation of the woman was actually a lever for the emancipation of man and that as Camilla Rivera said the woman will not be free until the man is also free. Trotsky in this wonderful text says that women are the mothers of the nation and that in a way implies that it implies that the enslavement of the woman that her enslavement will therefore breed further prejudice it will breed further enslavement and that highlights the need to liberate her and it's only with the help of the working class that we will be able to achieve and fulfill the demands of women's liberation allow them to become a reality. Now the demands of the Russian Revolution were not just like dreamt of by the Bolshevik Party by the leaders of the Bolshevik Party but they were actually based on a series of needs that women have and therefore the demands were to abolish all that tortures all that humiliates and oppresses women in the household, in the workplace and at the time in the peasantry. And so therefore it was not just a question of sort of fighting for women's demands on the surface of things but it was necessary to go right to the core to go to the origins of what oppresses women of how women's oppression has arised and so very briefly I'm going to try to just give you kind of an overlook of what happened in order to bring women into this position. So Marxism has analysed the origins of women's oppression and in a way laid the theoretical basis or this has allowed Marxism to lay a theoretical basis to overcome it. So with the settling of hunter-gatherer societies there came also a division of labour in which women dedicated more time to raising the children more time to sort of dealing with household domestic tasks and the man sort of dedicated their time to increasing production in agriculture and cattle raising so there was a distinct sort of division of labour let's say. So the labour of the man actually allowed him or gave him the capacity to produce a surplus i.e. more than was necessary to the individual or to that clan. And therefore marked a distinctive change in the balance of forces within the family within the clans that had settled because obviously it was the labour of the man that allowed for trade and it allowed for development of private property and therefore it was a tool for further enrichment and further wealth to be produced whereas the labour of the women was not as productive in the eyes of that economic structure let's say the labour of the women did not produce a value in that way, a productive value. And this further on led to the abolition of what was called the mother right which in a polygamous society, in a polygamous clan would have been the only way to determine sort of what the family line was because obviously women are the ones that give birth so that was sort of the way in which the line in the clan was determined and that was replaced with the rise of class society that was the rise of private property that was replaced by father right because obviously the men that were producing the private property wanted to have someone to pass that private property onto essentially to maintain it, to keep it inside the realms of the clan of the family so therefore they wanted to be able to pass that property onto a blood related heir essentially and what that meant was essentially that women became the kind of air producing property of men and along with that what that meant was that women were also forced into a monogamous relationship with men whereas men obviously were not compelled to do the same. So really this is just kind of to say that it's absurd to think that women since the beginning of time have been socially inferior to men and it's absurd to think that there's a functional reason for why or a functional significance to the role of women in society that this division of labor was meant to be or is the way that humans have developed naturally let's say and this culture you might ask yourself well how did it become such a predominant idea in society well that this culture of the patriarchal culture really spread, was able to spread through trade because the different clans having developed the private property were trading with other clans and that allowed for those ideas also to go along with the trading and also it's interesting that religion definitely played a part in sort of or religion assisted this process of spreading of culture I'd just like to to read out something that was written by the so-called he was an Abbot, Abbot Rosmini and he was a contemporary of Marx and he was a political advisor in Italy and he says that it's for the health this is by the way sort of a sentence or a concept that is used in educating young girls that was used in educating young girls in Italy so it is for the husband according to the convenience of nature to be Lord and Master is for the woman and so it should be to be almost an appendage a compliment to the husband entirely consecrated to him and dominated by his name now this might seem like completely backward and you know appalling to most of you but it actually formed it was inscribed in law in Italy up till 1975 when a series of very very sort of courageous women fought for this to be abolished let's say so another sort of concept is that capitalism obviously this implies that capitalism did not mark that capitalism did not did not create women's oppression but it definitely is a major obstacle in overcoming women's oppression because capitalism encourages all possible divisions within the working class not just the division between men and women but the division between people of different colour of skin people of different sexuality there's all possible divisions that have been dreamped up by the capitalist ruling class and also the patriarchal culture in capitalism guarantees a layer of women's labour that is cheap that is very cheap that can be sort of pushed in and out of the labour market when it's needed essentially when it's required by the capitalist system and capitalism also unloads a series of responsibilities onto the family onto the family nucleus so obviously what that implies is that it's unloading these responsibilities onto the woman that is we could say enslaved in the household and families within capitalism have further developed into becoming sort of an entity or a private entity that has to economically provide for itself you could say and be self-sufficient in a way especially self-sufficient with relation to domestic tasks we rely on our family nucleus for our clothes to be washed for our food to be made and so on and this obviously is the reason that or it's very convenient to have one individual that takes care of these responsibilities in the family and that is the woman but obviously what that means is that women are taken away from social production and engaged in private production and so therefore women are confined to the structure of the family now going back to sort of the Russian Revolution what was the role of women in the Russian Revolution well Lennon in this you can purchase this issue of the IDOM in which there's a quote from Lennon in which he says that in Petrograd here in Moscow in other towns and industrial centres the women workers acted splendidly during the revolution without them we should not have been victorious or scarcely so this is my opinion how brave they were how brave they still are think of all the suffering and deprivations that they bore and they are carrying on because they want freedom they want communism yes our proletarian women that the energy, the willingness and the enthusiasm of the women comrades their courage and wisdom in times of illegality is an indication of the good prospects for the development of the work in Russia so women clearly had important roles in all aspects of organisation of political organisation in the party it's important to say that in the Bolshevik party women had the same standing as men they were not given privileged positions in the party they had equal rights and equal responsibilities as men did in the party because after all a woman communist is no different from a man communist and therefore should not be given a privileged position women played an important role in educating the party ranks in educating the party ranks as to what the methods of female life are and how to assist their needs and I guess this is a good way to explain why this was Trotsky said that in order to change the conditions of life we must learn to see them through the eyes of a woman and this is exactly what the Bolsheviks did with the Russian Revolution and the period following that women were vital in conducting work among other women that were not already part of the Bolshevik party that had not joined the ranks of the Bolshevik party and this was not feminist agitation it's important to say it wasn't just they weren't just tackling feminist they weren't conducting feminist propaganda but what they were actually doing was conducting sort of it was doing socialist agitation within groups of women which I think we can talk about that a bit more in the discussion but I think it's quite a fundamental point to understand and actually something that Lenin said which is quite funny I think he said that work among women is not feminism it's actually revolutionary expediency I like to remember that so women went into the factories they went into workplaces they went into homes and they related the experiences of the women that they were speaking to in one place with the experiences of the women that they were speaking with in another place and they educated them regarding sort of the ideas of communism they produced communist literature they had a newspaper, Comunitska and this served the purpose to provide these women with revolutionary ideas with the idea that capitalism needed to be overthrown in order to fulfill the demands of the liberation of women and also the newspaper was also used to report on the daily experiences of women in different places and obviously the women that were already in the party made every effort to involve the women that they met outside of the party ranks in the work of the Bolshevik party and the Bolsheviks emphasized at all stages the need to not not create separate women's organizations the women that were conducting this work were not to aim to achieve to create a separate organization but to to bring the women inside the Bolshevik party to conduct work inside the Bolshevik party with these women and this work was actually so successful that in 1919 a section of the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks well a section was established to be dedicated to dedicate itself entirely to agitation amongst women and I can't pronounce this very well but I think it's Zenotel and it was the name of the group of the committee that had the task of organizing amongst women and this was led by Alexandra and Inessa Armand and this was never a separate organization they really sort of carried on that work truthfully and never carried on any work outside of the party ranks but their aim was solely to bring women inside the party and the work was so successful that by 1927 they actually had issued 400,000 copies of their newspaper Komunicka and by 1928 there was 2.5 million women that were organized in socialist discussion groups so I mean I remind you of the context of extremely backward Russia as well that this happened in but the revolution I think demonstrates above all that women are an integral part of the structure of a communist society and the Bolsheviks absolutely understood this and in fact at the third congress of the third international they approved the document that stated that unless millions of women are with us it will be impossible to realize communism and I must say I think every day of the existence of the Soviet Union demonstrated that and proved their theory let's say because the involvement of women in the decision making and the involvement of women in the decision making that occurred in restructuring society guaranteed the socialization of those tasks guaranteed the exportation of the domestic tasks into society and out of the household but really what moving on to sort of like what were the achievements of the Russian Revolution and why are these important what were the achievements in relation to the women's question and why is it important to discuss what the achievements of the revolution were in relation to women well Marx and Engels said that the degree of emancipation of women is the natural measure of the degree of universal emancipation and Fourier who is a French utopian socialist also said that social progress is measured by the progress of women towards freedom and that the position of women in any social regime is a graphic indicator of the health of that regime and I think therefore it's safe to say that the Bolsheviks and the Russian Revolution definitely fulfilled every obligation that they had in relation to women and women's liberation in fact women's demands were no longer an object of struggle they were no longer a bargaining tool like we see today that is used by the ruling class but that is used by the bourgeoisie it's no longer there were no longer sort of that bargaining tool used when the working class moves into struggle but they actually formed part of the structure of the communist society they became a reality and after the Bolsheviks actually conquered power they immediately passed a series of laws that gave women formal equality liberation in a formal sense let's say Lenin was very very clear in emphasising that there was a need to build a material basis in order to support that formal liberation or to sustain that formal liberation and this was to be done by planning the economy and socialising the household tasks so in relation to poverty and health the revolution gave women the right to abortion in 1920 and this was done in order to abolish the condition of menace that women find themselves in when they're forced to have a child in a situation of poverty and Russia was actually Soviet Russia was actually the first country on earth to legalise women had a right to maternity leave for a period of up to one year pregnancy consultation centres were built maternity homes were built and that also sort of led to the fact that life expectancy amongst women more than doubled to 74 years of age by the 1970s and that was going from an average of 30 years in Zora's times a department for the protection of mother and child was appointed by Alexandra Kolentai in 1918 and women were exempt from heavy labour it was illegal to fire pregnant women and women were exempt from carrying out night shifts as Trotsky said the question of motherhood is above all a question of housing a question of having running water and a question of having a great enough food supply and the consideration having consideration for the mother is the truest and deepest way of improving the fate of the child and in fact consequently to all the changes that were implemented the child mortality fell by 1925 in the Vladmer province it was 17.5% by 1925 whereas it was 29% in 1913 and in the Moscow province it fell to 14% and it was 28% in 1913 there were free school meals for children that had milk and so on food and clothes were provided for orphans kindergartens and schools were available to all children in an indiscriminate manner now in relation to marriage women had a right to divorce and this could be requested by either party so it could be requested it's important to say that women could request the divorce as well and if the spouse was unemployed so if the woman was unemployed she was given six months subsistence and what this did was it liberated her from the economic dependence of the relationship with the man so also husband and wife were considered equal in the eyes of the law and social housing provided the role that social housing played was that it provided a home for the divorcee so if a woman divorced a man she had a place to go she wasn't tied to the home with the man civil partnership was legalized within six weeks following the revolution and in relation to freeing women from domestic slavery there were social dining rooms that were built boundaries were built public seamstresses were also built and things like prostitution were replaced with paid social production so a woman was involved in social production and didn't have to result to selling her body there was equal pay in the workplace and women were given insurance if they were to fall ill or pregnant this was all done to maintain the economic independence even if she was unable to work even if she was unable to produce socially let's say and this meant that as a whole women were no longer discriminated against because of their gender they were no longer in the workplace they were no longer discriminated against and this is because with socialism with the development of socialism the overall productivity of labour increases and this means that the amount of labour necessary to produce the necessities of life by a single individual decreases and therefore pregnancy in the case of a woman no longer hinders her ability to contribute to social production and so therefore questions such as pregnancy, questions such as gender become irrelevant in that economic situation in relation to education 49% of students were in higher education sorry 49% of students that were in higher education were women by the 1970s and by that time only Finland, France and the USA had more than 40% of women in higher education so you could say that in a way you could say that being against the third international was like being against the emancipation of women it was that's one of the main tasks of the third international now change outside of the family in relation to social production inevitably marks a change within the family as well that's mainly because the way that people live is determined by the development of the means of subsistence and the development of the social institutions in society so the social structures in society such as the family will be linked to the degree of development of the productive forces therefore this implies that families can't just be abolished it's not possible to just from one day to the other abolish the family but the family must be must be replaced with something else and in Russia what happened was in Russia there was the transference of the economic and educational functions of the family these were transferred over to society which was able to provide economic freedom for the family and in fact what this meant was that the old social ties in the family were broken and new ideological relations began to arise in the family therefore what this means is that there was no economic pressure on the woman to remain in a relationship with the man to remain inside of the household because essentially there was there was a lack you could say of a social economic pressure on the woman to produce an heir for the private property of that family and in this circumstance obviously the bond between a man or it would be possible for society to allow for a woman and a woman to be in a relationship or for a man and a man to be in a relationship because there's no there's not an economic determinant on that relationship so the bond between individuals would solely be based on mutual affection and it wouldn't have an economic base for the attachment furthermore in the Russian Revolution what was essential was that the courage and the courage of these women that went out and realized what their potential was inevitably also made itself felt in the family women went home and demanded that the men of the family would respect them in the same way that the Bolshevik party respected them that their communist comrades respected them but sort of very briefly it is important to mention what happened in the later years of the Soviet Union and that the the Russian Revolution was greatly isolated and it was isolated in conditions of extreme poverty second to the First World War the Civil War the consequences of the civil war and Russia was invaded by over 21 imperialist had over 21 imperialist invasions and there was still a great deal of cultural backwardness in Soviet Russia so this gave way to a Stalinist what we would term a Stalinist degeneration if you were at the meeting last night gave a brilliant lead-off explaining the process of this I won't go into too much detail but what is worth explaining is what the effects of this were in relation to the women's question and in relation to the family so the bankruptcy of the state caused a restoration of money relations which later on also saw forced collectivization of the peasantry and so on and this really delayed the socialization of domestic tasks therefore the bourgeois family could not be replaced and people were forced to come together again to glue together again to return home to dine because society could no longer provide that need and therefore there was a restoration of the old bourgeois family relations that took place which inevitably meant also the return home of the woman the enslavement of the woman and also sort of to further enforce this abortion was also bound in 1936 so these rights were to an extent taken away but overall it's just important to say that the process of emancipation of women was immensely slowed down now I've got to sum up so I think it's just important to say about in terms of what is our task today what can we learn from the Russian Revolution what can we learn with respect to what was achieved by the Russian Revolution because this event today is completely written off by the bourgeois you will not hear about these achievements in any university in any bourgeois text so it's important to mention these things here because it's an inconvenient truth essentially to the bourgeois to the ruling class so the Russian Revolution really demonstrated that it demonstrated to women the importance of the working class coming to power it demonstrated also the importance of women being involved in that process I think that's a major thing that we should take away from that and I think the experience of the Soviet Union taught or at least cleared away more prejudices than volumes of feminist literature could ever do but that experience alone is something that demonstrates what can be achieved and in fact it has taken capitalism a hundred years we could say now to achieve what was achieved by the Bolsheviks in just a period of two years in a condition of extreme poverty, extreme backwardness in Russia and if we look at the conditions of women today well in a great situation if we look at society through the eyes of women today women are still there are still differences in terms of pay there are still differences in terms of living conditions in different countries that have different developments of the productive forces so today the communists of today the communist international of today has a need and has to fight for progressive reforms for women to whatever extent is possible within capitalism but above all the communists of today must understand that we must first lay the material conditions that will enable for liberation of women to become a reality with today there's billions of dollars that are in private hands that could be ripped away and poured into social production that could be poured into the social structures that maintain people today and I think the main thing that we need to realise is that until the power of property of the power of capital and private property remains it will be impossible for women to achieve an actual liberation and that this will only allow her or the greatest extent that we can see is that this will only allow her to also own private property in capitalism and that women may also earn a wage and they may also have equal rights in front of bourgeois law but these rights are completely tied into the demands of the capitalist market so these demands or these rights can be taken away depending on the degree of development of the capitalist system and so therefore they're completely tied into that and so the women's question is not an extra issue to deal with when we're talking about the emancipation of the working class as a whole but it's actually a decisive issue that advances the struggle or the struggle against capitalism now I know I'm running far ahead but there's one thing when I started doing reading for this for this lead off there was something that I read that I thought this is what I have to do when I come and speak to this crowd this is what Lennon is telling me to do today so Lennon says that the thesis must clearly point out that real freedom for women is possible only through communism the inseparable connection between the social and human position of women and private property in the means of production must be strongly brought out that will draw clear and irradicable line of distinction between our policy and feminism and it will also supply the basis for regarding the women's question as a part of the social question of the workers problem and so bind it firmly to the proletarian class struggle and the revolution the communist women's movement must itself be a mass movement a part of the general mass movement not only of the proletariat but of all the exploited and oppressed all the victims of capitalism or any other misery in that lies its significance for the class struggles of the proletariat and for its historic co-creation communist society we can rightly be proud of the fact that in the party in the communist international we have the flower of revolutionary women kind but that is not enough we must win over to our side the millions of working women in the towns and villages win them for our struggles and in particular for the communist transformation of society there can be no real mass movement without women so I hope this is what I have in some way relate to you and I hope that all the women in this room that have not yet our fellow comrade men in the fight for our emancipation choose to do so today thank you


So we have two talks here and the first talk is entitled Include Conditional QV attacks on KJIT modes with MILP. So the authors are Chen Li, Wen Zheng Li, Xiao Yan Feng and Xiao Yun Wang and Chen Li. Thank you for the introduction and I'm happy to share our works about improved additional QV attacks on KJIT mode with MILP method. First I will introduce KJIT modes and their great analysis results. The KJIT modes use KJIT P for communication as external for mutation and it has seven choices for its list. From 25 to 16 times as the six can be represented as three dimension states co-ordinated as X, Y, Z. So the round function has five operations. The first is this operation. This operation adds the sum of colors to its neighboring bits and rule operation rotates the list. High operation permeates all the lines and K operations provides multi vacation in the round function. And so that's the addition to the zero zero round constant. In our attack we omit the tall operation. The KJIT mode constructions KJIT MAC, KJIT MAC, under previous key we can control message and get message, see for attack time for our analysis. And KIA, KIA is AAE. We can control NOS and get NOS, plan types, see for attack time for crit analysis. So this is summary of crit analysis results. For KJIT MAC, for the two variants, we have improved the attack by wrong. And for KIA major we explored the shorter lengths and for the same rounds we have improved the time complexity and also for the KIA minor. Then I will introduce some related works. In cube attack, a safer algorithm is represented as polynomial and T is a product of public variables. So the monomials in F which is divided exactly by T is put in T times P and the others are put in Q. So when they sum up F over all the values in CT, they can find that the sum is just P. Then T is simple such as linear. The equations can be solved and get the solution of K piece. Conditional cube attack, they give definition of conditional cube variables and ordinary cube variables. Conditional cube variables can choose in the first round with speed conditions. The speed conditions are about K piece and NOS piece. Then the requirement is that in the first round all the cube variables do not multiply with each other. And in the second round the conditional cube variables does not multiply with all the ordinary cube variables. So we use the simple case that there is only one conditional cube variable. So after several rounds the public term of all the cube variables will not appear. There is the red key guess in the other polynomial. So in the first round the product term will appear. So the red key guess can be found. And linear structure means that if the first four piece in a color is the first four piece has variables in it, then the last one piece be the sum of the first four pieces. This operation will be an identity. Can true that the sum of five pieces in a color to be constant, then this operation will not diffuse the variables in it. They notice this property as a safety light kernel. In fact to reduce the diffusion of ordinary cube variables, we set them as safety light kernel. Then I will introduce our works to reduce the number of guess in piece. Usually they like conditional cube variables in one color, in one color like the blue piece in the figure. So the base conditions are beside the obvious conditions. And the key is put in the first two lines. So the three lines are padded with zero. So the white lines are the space they can search for ordinary cube variables. So to find enough ordinary cube variables are the key points in our attack. And we introduce a new MILP model to find enough ordinary cube variables. For each piece, AX, Y, Z, we set a sample AX, Y. AX, Y, Z, and if there is the variable in it, the sample is Y. If there is no cube variable, the sample is zero. To model the safety light kernel, there are two cases. One is that there is no cube variable. And the other is that the number of bits containing cube variable is no less than two. So we can add a linear equation to control the diffusion in this operation. And the constraints they should require us to do is to avoid the number of bits containing cube variables in each color from being one. And they should also record this color containing cube variables. And for each color, they use D to record whether it contains cube variables. It is similar to the bits of samples. So for each color, if there is the cube variable one bits, D must be one. And the sum of bits of samples must be no less than two. So these equations can constrain that the states obey the safety light kernel. For each color, if there are cube variables, then they need a linear equation like a proof. If there is cube variables in a column, they should be one for the number of dependence variables. So for one this dependent cube variable objective, the objective function is like this. This just records the number of cube variables in the whole state. And to model the first round, when though the condition, any of cube variables do not multiply with each other in the first round. So if two bits multiply, they add the constants that the sum of them must not be more than one. Then to avoid them to appear at the same time. And for the condition that conditional cube variables do not multiply with ordinary cube variables in the first round. So if the bits multiply with conditional cube variables, the corresponding bits symbol must be zero. For the second round, it's similar, but before model the second round, we must add the conditions in the first round. And after that, for the new states, if one bits multiply with conditional cube variables in the second round, we let the bits symbol to be zero. This is the application for the above model. First the two lines are quibis and these are conditional cube variables. White ones are the space to search for ordinary cube variables. So according to the modeling search strategy about, we will search the next single number of independent ordinary cube variables. This is the objective function and the constants are added for modeling safety like kernel. And using symbolic computing, we can add the constants for the first round and the second round. If any v zero, v i exist, then the single form of v i must equal to zero. If v i, v j exist, then the sum must be no more than one. Also for the second round, after adding the bits conditions in the first round, if any v zero, v i exist. So the corresponding bits symbol must equal zero. So we get the MILP model in the letter. This is the objective function and these are constants. With the help of Ruby, we get the optimistic results. We can say the objective value is 66, so we can select the variables which are assembled with one. At last we can select 64 cube variables from v zero to v 63. v zero is chosen at first in the beginning and v one to v 63 are selected by our MILP search strategy. So with the correct K guess, the product will disappear. So cube variables are zero, but with the wrong K guess, the product appears. So the cube sum is non-zero with high probability. So the correct K can be selected. This is the application to k i major. 7 round conditional cube attack on k i major needs 64 variables. And the 6 round conditional cube attack needs 32 variables. So in the table, we can find the person of the 2 round conditional cube attack. 4 round is more than this. 7 round attack can be performed. And 4 round is no less than this. 6 round conditional cube attack can be performed. These other applications for k charge back k i major, they are similar. And we have 2 sum tests. Like 5 round attack on k i major and test for cube sum in 6 round attack. And our source codes are online. Thank you for your question. Questions? I have some questions. So did you try to search for another 1 more round? For k charge back, we have improved by 1 round. But for k i, we... I mean, did you try to improve more? Or you can't find solutions or you can't search for a space because it's too large? I think it should use new methods. Requires new methods. So actually, can you go back to page 20? So your search says that the objective value is 66. So why do you select 64 cube variables? What's the gap in there? It's based on the k charge p communication for our property. The launch function is degrade to 7 round. And in the first round, it will not mount the time. And in the following 6 rounds, it will be 64 degrade. Thank you. So, any questions or questions? We'll see if we can walk on. OK, so maybe the last question. So do you think this can be done? This can be searched by another 2? Like the SAP software or constraint programming? So is there any particular reason that you chose MLP? That's a small comment. I see. OK, so thank you very much. So let's thank the speaker again.