Look, I know it doesn't matter at all in terms of the film, but, um, that looks nothing like Obama. Doesn't even sound like him either. No, not at all. Awful. Just terrible.  I'm Corbin, and this is Rick. See what I got with me? Oh, he's got rocks. Yeah. They're rocks. If you're new to our channel, go and smash the like button, subscribe, and ring that little bell to be part of the Notifatian Squad. Okay, dude, what's my next one to follow? What's my next one? Please follow us on Instagram! It's so cute. You dropped your rock. And I did. Hate it when that happens. I know. And today... I love that you called for lime. Lime? Lime! Dang it. And today... We've been doing this for years. We have finally watched, uh... Charu Khan, man. Charu Khan. Our first film of his. Ta-da! We've seen a bunch of trailers, obviously, but this is one of the biggest movie stars in the world.  Amir Khan. And, uh... Who's the other one? There's one more. Oh, man. There's one more. I know. What's his name? Amir Khan. Charu Khan. And... Salman Khan. There you go. Thank you. I was gonna say... I was gonna... I wanted to say salmon. Yeah. And I knew that wasn't it. Salman Khan. See, we remembered.  But yes, this is the one that people recommend as Smoch. We watched first. And we were very interested when we saw the trailer. I'll link that right here. Mmm. Um... Obviously, the synopsis for this? The synopsis for this is this. An Indian Muslim man with Asperger's Syndrome takes a challenge to speak to the President of the United States seriously and embarks on a cross-country journey. So yeah, it's... And that's actually... Yeah, that's a great synopsis. Synopsis because it tells you enough to get you interested and leaves a whole lot out. Yes. And so this... What'd you think? I mean, we're gonna strap in everybody. Our reviews are always long. We're gonna be here a while. Strap in. Let us know if you make it to the end. Yeah. Set no arm. If you fall asleep. Uh... Okay. It was a ride of up until the hurricane. Yeah. And then at the hurricane, I started to question why we went off in this direction. Yeah. And then I thought later, and I'll explain, I get why we went there. Okay. And then when I forgave them for Barack Obama, I ended up loving the film. Yeah. What a surprise, India. Yeah. You gave us another film that we freaking love. Well, shocker. Well, at least I did. Did you love it? This film was... I didn't have enough of enjoying this film. Okay. Yes. But I hated a bunch of stuff in this film. I disliked several things.  And I can't wait because I... Let's go. We'll start with the... Yeah. Obviously, the spoiler review, you've all seen this film. Yeah. And if you haven't, go watch it then come back. Yeah. But we'll start with the stuff we loved. I loved... The reason I ended up enjoying it and forgave a lot of stuff is because of the message of this film. Yeah. The message of this film is one I think everybody definitely in America should see. I couldn't agree with you more. Because we've had a couple of 9-11 films. None have really been great. Right? I mean... Right? I agree. Any of our 9-11 films? Yeah. My favorite 9-11 film is actually Zero Dark 30. And that's not even a 9-11 film, really. That's just the hunt for... Yeah. So there haven't been a lot, but they've all been from the American perspective really. Yeah. And so it was very interesting to me to see the story of a Muslim and either just people that aren't white perspective. Right. Because it didn't just affect Muslims here in America. Right. And so it was very intriguing because we've all, in America at least those who pay attention to other people, no stories of what happened to people after 9-11. I have friends who... I was in 4th grade when it happened. You were 50. Yeah. But that weren't allowed to go to school because they were afraid of how people were going to treat them. They were Muslim and they wore the hijabs.  And also these people, not the people that wear the hijabs, but the people that didn't go to school weren't Muslim. Right. No. They were Indian. Exactly. And so it's this whole, obviously the racism in America is very prevalent and always has been and that just heightened it a lot. And you need to know for us who were here during 9-11 that yes, that kind of stuff did happen but I know you'll feel the same way and you had the same reaction. It added insult to the injury when I heard about the way people were being treated because in fact, it made me and I should have in retrospect, I wish I had. The thought occurred to me several times to like go to a mosque or go somewhere where I knew they'd be and say, you know what?  We don't stereotype you guys and assume that just because you're Muslim or you're different means that you're the people who did this. This was done by evil people. This wasn't, you can't just relegate this to a religious belief because this isn't a religious belief. This is fanaticism and watching that again, I agree with you. The perception from their vantage point was really interesting to watch. For me again, 9-11 for everybody in America is very, very deep. It's even more so for me in the respect that I was born in New York and I spent every Christmas in New York even though I was raised in LA and I remember when I saw the towers drop, I had gone to work and had heard about what was going on in the news and I saw on the TV screen, I saw the first tower go down and I instinctively, it makes no sense, I instinctively reached my hand out to catch it because this can't be happening. All the people that are in there and so we could talk about 9-11 forever but I felt that that was an extraordinarily, how it impacted them. Yeah, that's what that's all about. I liked a lot because obviously the ones that we have here all focuses on America and how Americans feel and obviously, even though they've affected everybody in America and one of the best lines in this whole film was before everybody associated it was BC and AD. That was a great line. And then you said there's now a third one, it's post 9-11 and pre 9-11 and that is a hundred percent true for everyone, for everybody, including the irony of the story of Shahrukh Khan getting stopped in the airport in real life. I've heard a lot of people say that this was like a propaganda film because he was mad about whatever happened. I don't know any of that stuff, I'm just judging it off the film. You all deal with that stuff, how you want to deal with it. So we're just dealing with the film itself but I thought that was a great line and it's a hundred percent true line and so like I said I love the message of this whole film, I also loved the message of the same thing with PK, the autism and Asperger's as the lead character in your film and the education that it brings to everybody, about it. Once again, I've never seen that outside of Forrest Gump and what's it called? Rain Man. This reminded me a lot of Forrest Gump. It had a couple elements of Forrest Gump, a couple elements of Rain Man. The spirit of it, the spirit of it was very Forrest Gump but I agreed and it reminded me as well because mental illness is a big thing for me with my dad because if you don't know my dad is battled mental illnesses whole life and I got stories I can tell you but anything where someone's mind doesn't function like the general populace, like that moment he was walking down on the guy in yellow walked by him and he just he started it's important to remember that you know he's the guy isn't crazy and the guy is not drugs, he has this thing with this he's trying to live with. I thought that was just a great little moment. And I love that so like the first part of this film about first 30 to 45 minutes I suppose I almost forgot it was about 9-11. I totally did and I was like I thought it was only. It was about these two. PK and their relationship and him having autism and Asperger's which I thought he did a great job by the way. Yeah. In terms of I'm not a mere con. That's just perfect. Not a mere con. His acting this is the first time we've been affected I was mostly thought he did a fantastic job. Yeah he did. He did a great job portraying this character. So did the kids who portrayed him young? Yes they did. Him and his wife and this I thought did really well. I know how to pronounce it. Kajoula. Kajoula. Kajoula. I heard that come out of her own mouth. Yeah she has great eyes. Dude. And apparently these guys are like the golden couple who've worked before and like she's like a legend. Yes. Gotcha. I did a little research because she as much as I was deeply impressed with him like from the get go I thought oh dude's legit. He is a legit actor. And then I was watching her and the moment for me for her she was great throughout the thing but when they gave her the moment with Sam over his dead body. Oh yeah. And she's saying come back to me. Yeah that was a great thing. She knocked that out of the park man. Yeah she did. And I'd love to know if she was given time in the trailer beforehand. If they gave it that was one take because it was such a gut wrenching thing for her to do. I was riveted to her and felt she was 100% true in that moment. I thought that she was she is there's a reason her name sounds like Jewel. Yeah she's she's preciously wonderful. It's a great man. Just so at her eyes. Yes. Yeah I also like that she has one name. Yeah I do. Kanaku. Kanaku. But okay I'm gonna go into some of the stuff I absolutely despise about this film.  No. And like I said it didn't ruin the film I enjoyed the film fully and I it was mostly the message of it all in there the main people's acting but there's a couple different elements to this. The some almost everybody outside of the main two actors was almost terrible. Really? Yes almost not all of them but almost. The directing and a lot of the writing and a lot of the it has to do with the stuff not with these main people. Okay. So it could have been the acting I don't know but like some of the directing I just I can't forgive it's like I almost felt like he thought I was an idiot when it was a lot yeah like what you don't need to as an audience I don't need to be told when somebody doesn't like somebody I can tell that you don't need to do stupid things like have a prison guard who you've seen the entire time when he leaves the prison go like this oh yeah okay those types of things piss me off so much I'm I am with you on and it wasn't just that there was a lot of those elements but that whole that prison guard for me was the least I thought we didn't need that whatsoever yeah I didn't even necessarily need to see he just needs you just need looks from a prison guard and you know that he doesn't like him of course I don't need you to be like I'm watching you right you tell you Taliban wearing right I don't need that yeah I agree with you okay and you make me feel like you think I'm an idiot right you're you're you're giving me something that I don't need you to be direct in terms of like saying exactly what everybody's thinking all the time I can I can decipher that yeah I agree if you're a good director you can do that yeah that whole sequence where he was arrested and then kind of interrogated and oh yeah and when he was interrogated it was awful as well yeah yeah I mean the guy who's interrogating he was like what so you believe this whole cockamamie yeah I agree coming shut up God yeah that was very frustrating oh it's and it wasn't just that it was it happened a bunch in the film those types of things mostly with all supporting characters that the writing or the acting was terrible or both and they put it in there for some reason it only bothered me in that sequence toward the end where I thought let's cut to the chase and stick to where we've been you know there was a lot that happened when they were beating up the kid well that was awful that the kids in the video scene yeah that was that was that was not a good beat up scene yeah there was a lot of when when the kid and when he met big mama or whatever name is yes no like she was great I loved her Jenny yes she was great but mama Jenny when he met the kid uh and he was like are you not going to help me now what do you say no one says that in real life it it when people in film is it mama mama yeah mama Jenny and I hear Joel yeah I loved her uh but like it was mostly the directing part of this where like when characters don't seem like real people and they seem like you're making a caricature outside of if it's a comedy yeah um when they just seem like they're there to give you a certain point and it's exaggerated it makes me so mad and I hate everything about it because the main reason I go to films is to watch acting I love watching good acting and good performances and when you rob me of that it makes me incredibly upset and it's already hard for me to watch films a lot because as an actor I'm watching it of course in deciphering what what were they doing behind the scenes there what were they doing well and it's a it's a double whammy because at the same time it not only insults you it rips off your suspension of disbelief because you go from believing the characters and believing the story to you're pulled out to the fact that wow that was a horrible choice and now I'm not thinking about the story anymore yeah so it happened up a lot for me and like I said it wasn't it wasn't something calm uh fault and it wasn't the main you know they were both phenomenal throughout the whole thing uh and the George W. Bush wasn't that bad looking no no he the George I was pretty good we didn't hear him talk though yeah and so but I mean there was a couple times when they the director did a good job at that part where he didn't stay on bush for too long right yeah because when you looked at him too long then it started when Obama talked for the first time I thought oh no that was terrible no and I said that on twitter please follow us there um but then let's get back into what else did you not like um it was like I said it was a lot of the the writing um of it and then staying on moments that I don't think he should have stayed on that I think would have had a bigger impact like actually when he when she was yelling on the soccer field at summon con yeah I thought almost that could have been cut I mean shower shower con sorry um call them every other time mixing up all the cons uh when she was yelling at him because she was obviously very upset right so and um but I thought they could have been even more powerful if they would have cut it down um and it heard not and said almost everything she said and cut certain moments to where they would have been more impactful to just she said this and I thought it would have been a little more impactful I know and I give them a lot of grace because I know what they've got to do with the runtimes and their intermissions yeah I know so I I often have that thought but give them a lot of grace because I know they've got to have a runtime that's two and a half hours yeah two hours is the least they could do yeah I know but it just it now what did you think about the hurricane sequence the problem I had with the hurricane scene one I don't know how we got across country so fast thick forest yeah I know but I didn't mind that and passed all of the blockade what I did mind was the fact that they apparently couldn't get out but these hundreds of muslims and indians could get in so easily but they couldn't get out of there very easily but everyone including uh shower con and all these people coming to help obviously the government couldn't that was a whole thing but I the message of it I enjoyed because it was that the shower con came in and you decided to help and then he inspired all these other right people who decided to come help right these random people they didn't know and they were mostly hindus muslims and all those kind of people yeah it came in help so I enjoyed that message that they're all about love and and that's what they're all about it's just the logistics of it kind of messed with me it did a little bit with me now did it bother you all these hundreds of people can get in you can't get out of there did it when it went to the hurricane did you initially when I saw the hurricane part when it started my first thought was why why guys we've got a great story here why are we going off on this trail of a hurricane now and him having to go back to mama jenny and funny here do I assumed it was Katrina it was it was supposed to be oh why yeah and then I saw why later it's because they needed to show you what he'd been saying all along yeah which is it's the actions of a person and if he didn't do something it's it was a double message of don't wait for the government to do something do it yourself do it and if you're really going to be a loving person it's not what you say it's what you do that's going to define who you are and then I had a moment that was really big and I don't I don't know if the director intended this but it was the first time for me now when when I watch an American movie or any movie that's depicting something I'm really familiar with yeah I love it when I capture something that's this really deep message that maybe others not familiar with my culture get when she shows up in the hurricane place right and he sees her and they come to each other and she clearly you know she's feels bad for what she has said to him and she's hoping he can forgive her there was a bonfire so the whole yeah no they'd celebrate any holiday at that time they weren't celebrating holy but for an Indian audience to watch those two at a bonfire what it did for me having just celebrated holy for the first time I thought what I don't know if it was intentional by the director I thought what an absolutely brilliant touch to position them in front of a bonfire when in Indian culture the entire season of holy is about forgiveness and new beginnings and restoration of relationships it made me emotional yeah I didn't get that yeah that it was it made me emotional for two reasons I thought it was beautiful and the fact that I could connect that dot because of our exposure to what's been going on in India that for me was like one of the highlights of the movie for me I did enjoy the fact that I would love to talk to an Indian person about this film and know the differences that they saw in the film yeah me too us obviously here in America me too saw because I'm sure the experiences are obviously totally totally different obviously they're both blind too especially if they're in America they've experienced this kind of probably hate from people absolutely especially depending on where they are in the country absolutely um and so different things we noticed different things they because obviously I'm sure when like if an American film depicted Indian president or an Indian public figure and just like we did with Obama and Bush yeah like because they were like yeah I don't think because a lot of the comments I got when I commented on it on Twitter was like that doesn't really matter right it just you know it doesn't but it's just something I noticed and I'm sure they do the same thing with people for sure people in films with that that they know very well but when I was watching what Obama was doing I thought that is that's something Barack Obama would do oh yeah I mean that is something he would have done is that if he would have if this situation had happened that is something he would have done yeah yeah 100 yeah um but yeah did you cry uh I cried a couple times okay nothing like I did in some of the Amir Khan films you see but I cried when she had her moment at wanting him to come back I mean I just how do you not when you've got kids and I I immediately empathize and put myself there over my kids and since it was a boy I'm thinking what would it be like for me and I know that I'd love to know where she went as an actor because using substitution and emotional recall who was she was she using something from her life what was she using to give us such an honest portrayal so I cried there and I actually got teary-eyed with that usage of the fire and the bonfire together and I did not see the stabbing coming I mean by any stretch I thought that was a little weird but yeah I didn't see it coming I thought you'd love that because it wasn't tying it up in a bow I was just wondering why people didn't see oh I was wondering why people didn't see this guy with a knife coming I cried in the third place the third place I cried because I just mentioned the stabbing yeah I'm gonna probably cry now when she's in the hospital and he wakes up and yeah here it comes and he says can I have a hug yeah and he hug and she hugs him and that's the first time in his life a tear comes down his cheek yeah no that was a good moment I I almost had a problem with that moment really because it it tied it up in a bow you hate that or was it more than that and autistic people and asperger's people don't drastically change like that because of how their brain works I get it it doesn't matter if it's in a really emotional moment okay a regular I get it I get it I mean I'm sure it can happen I'm not saying it can't happen no but all the autistic people and asperger's people I know in my life even if it's this big moment in other people's life sure they're not going to change who they are because that's not how their brain I guess I totally understand I was like he wouldn't say that but it didn't optimist in me I know it didn't bother me yeah and it didn't ruin the film right it's just that's the issue I had with that I was like I don't get it kind of believe that I like and what they were it's cinematic and it's all this kind of stuff it is and I just believe that all things can end with the happiness I prefer sad endings I'm a Hufflepuff he's a Slytherin I prefer sad endings yeah it makes me more happy but yeah no I enjoyed the film uh I would definitely recommend it but we didn't even there's so much more to talk about like we didn't even talk about this had the same kind of messages that say pk did yeah it did challenging structures but this had a this had a bit more um whereas pk really appealed to you on an emotional level I did love how it showed how intelligent asperger's people and yes people with autism are they're usually smarter than most people love the scene in the mosque yeah oh yeah that was an act of that when he's no no you're a liar you're a liar when he started talking about the diff that that was one of my favorite moments the different interpretations of the story of Abraham yeah that was a great scene that was a really well written and really well put together that was one of my favorite scenes in the whole yeah great moment I really because I you don't see that and obviously an an american director or filmmaker probably couldn't do that scene justice no especially if they're not muslim or hindu or somebody who's they in that culture no you know who could do it is someone like a mel Gibson in this regard or a spielberg because they do such uh in-depth painful homework that I think they'd get it right but you'd be better off telling it from the vantage point of someone who is way more familiar with it it's just it's in their dna yeah so we obviously enjoyed it I there's some stuff I hated some stuff I really loved but I hated but I ended up enjoying the film as a whole and I I'm glad y'all recommended it to us please let us know what of his next films we should watch I wanted to can't wait to see him again I can't wait to see her again I absolutely love both their legit heavyweight great actors yeah great actors please let us know and uh it's not that's right from the uh epiglottis from the epiglottis yeah


These past few years on the carnivore diet have given me more than I could ever ask for. Thick, luscious hair, vibrant glowing skin and of course my health. I have spent thousands of hours over these past few years researching and understanding the most important thing in our diets, the presence of high quality animal foods. This makes me excited to announce my carnivore video course. In my course, you will not only learn how to start and thrive on the carnivore diet, I will cover everything you need to be optimally healthy. Sun exposure for vitamin D3, exercise to increase lean body mass, removing pollutants from your water, reducing non-native aspects of the modern world and of course any common questions or concerns you may have with the carnivore diet. First, what is the carnivore diet? Popularized more recently by the Joe Rogan podcast as well as Jordan Peterson, a famous psychologist, it is simply about eating meat. The mantra, eat meat, drink water, is enough to work for some and it is effective at one thing, removing inflammation. And this is nothing to dismiss. The removal of inflammation from the diet is very important. You know, one of the two overarching aspects to our health. But the carnivore diet misses a far more important aspect of our health.  This ties into our ancestors because animal foods were present regardless of climate or region. The Masai, a cattle herding tribe, are known for their diet of meat, blood and milk. But they also ate wild fruits, vegetables, tubers. The NERS, a nearby coastal tribe, chose fish for their animal nutrition as well as those wild plant foods. Swiss people in the Lachental Valley, a more recent, more civilized settlement, obtained many of their calories from just cheese and rye bread, only two foods. Sardinians in Italy are famous for their diet of pork, sheep, dairy and wheat. These people lived long, healthy, happy lives free of modern disease such as obesity and diabetes. The point is, there is a high variance in plant foods. No indication of required nutrients outside of caloric energy if everyone is eating something different. But animal foods are always present. These animal foods, whether it's beef, fish, dairy, eggs are able to provide us with those nutrients we need. When a tree fails to grow, you generally blame the climate, the soil, the lack of water. But when a human fails to thrive, becomes laden with disease and more minor things such as crooked teeth, glasses, we blame genetics. A bit contradictory. We have been led to believe that nutrition is obtained from fruits, vegetables, whole grains but the forms of vitamins, minerals, elements in plant foods are not available to the body as animal versions are and they are missing certain nutrients entirely, especially fatty acids. So the carnivore diet that is known to most misses a key element to our health because it doesn't consider the quality of the food you're eating. Of course, there are other things such as the triple presence which I go more in-depth in my video course. This results in some people consuming feedlot meats, these poor quality meats containing many negative agrochemicals. Of course, this cheap meat diet is far better than a standard American diet for most but many people have reached out to me after being unsuccessful on this traditional carnivore diet. They have gained weight, lost their sex drive, have low energy, imbalanced hormones and are nowhere near optimal, especially happy versions of themselves. If you want to learn and understand the elements that have made me successful on the carnivore diet you can watch thousands of hours of my YouTube videos or you can visit frank-tofano.com and check out my video course. If you're a little curious, I have a free newsletter available on my site that will explain the most common carnivore mistakes giving you a starting point. My website will be linked at the end here guys as well as some other useful resources that can get you started on the carnivore diet. I mean I pretty much, you know, gave away a fair percentage of the course but we got a few secrets up my rolled up sleeves in the course itself.


Lateral combat ships, or LCS, are fast, agile mission-focused ships that demonstrate the latest in naval warfighting technology. LCS is specifically designed to defeat fast surface craft, quiet diesel submarines, and mines in shallow coastal water regions. There are currently two variants, freedom and independence. Although the two designs vary, both have the ability to be outfitted with reconfigurable mission modules, which can be changed out quickly. The crews currently rotate between the two deployed Lateral Combat Ships, allowing the crew to train and the ships to stay mission ready. The Navy has commissioned four Lateral Combat Ships, with plans to add 20 more by 2015. The LCS program brings an innovative approach to the operational availability of the fleet. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Jen Blake.


Boom, boom, boom, boom, go this way. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, boom, like that. So that's how you train the Wing Chun Wind Dummy without a wind dummy because now, if you know how to use the attacks, you can just imagine the attacker and defending yourself against him and countering, using the techniques, coordinating with your steps, and then just practicing that movement in the air. It's just like shadow boxing. And you get to practice your coordination and your timing and also your power.


Hello there you beautiful 3d artists. In this video I'll show you how you can download and install 3ds Max 2019 for free. Autodesk kindly allows you to have the full version of the software for three years on a student license. 3ds Max can be prohibitively expensive if you want to buy it, so being able to install and use it for free whilst you're learning is one hell of a good deal. So let's take a look at what you'll need to do to get max installed on your PC. The first thing you need to do is go to the Autodesk Education website. You can follow the link in the video description or you can just Google Autodesk Education just like I'm doing here. Once you're there you'll need to go to the free software section and then click on the 3ds Max link. This will take you to the 3ds Max download page. Before you can download the software you need to either sign in or create an account. This is completely free and the Autodesk education community is a really helpful resource. In addition to the free software, by signing up you'll also get access to some really good learning materials. So if you don't already have an account you need to click on create account and choose your country and educational role from the drop-down menus. I'm in the UK and I'm an educator so I'm choosing those options. Next you'll need to give them your name, email address and create a new password for your account. Make sure that you use a real email address because you'll be sent a confirmation email containing a link which you'll need to click on to complete your registration. Agree to the terms and conditions and then click create account. You'll now receive the confirmation email. Go to your inbox, find the email and click on the link to activate your account. Now you have your account you can go back and sign in. Use the email address and password you created to log in. Don't forget to agree to the terms of use too. Once you've successfully signed in you need to select the version of the software you want to download. You can see the Autodesk offer a few earlier versions as well as the latest. I want to install the latest version so I'm going with 3ds Max 2019. You'll then select the operating system you're using. 3ds Max doesn't support 32-bit Windows or Mac OS so you'll have to choose 64-bit Windows. Then choose your language. Once you've done all that you'll see that a serial number and product key is generated for you and you'll also be given some details about the license you've been granted. All that's left to do on this page is to click install now. A service agreement will pop up on screen. You need to accept this and click on install. A file will now be downloaded. Once it's done open it. This is the installer. Once the installer opens you can choose the option to install 3ds Max 2019 on your computer. This screen allows you to choose which components you want to install. I don't want to mess around with any tools or utilises today so I'm just choosing the install option. Here you'll have a chance to choose where you want to install to and once you're happy with that you can simply click on the install button. The installer will now download and install everything needed. This will take ages. It looks like it went quickly for me but that's just because I've sped it up in editing. It really took almost two hours. Once everything is installed you'll be greeted with this confirmation screen. This tells you that you've successfully installed 3ds Max 2019. You can now click on the launch now button to test out your brand new software. You'll have to agree to a privacy statement and you might also see the Autodesk automatically verifies your license as the software is starting up. Once all that's done you'll finally be able to have a play around in 3ds Max 2019. Yay! So now you've got Max installed you're probably going to want to learn how to use it. I've recently started learning how to use Max and I've been using the fantastic courses on PluralSite to help me. PluralSite have tons of excellent tutorials and courses to take you from an absolute beginner to a seasoned pro. I started with the 3ds Max 2018 fundamentals course by Kyle Green. It really helped me to get up and running quickly by teaching me how to create the vehicle you can see on screen. One of the best things about the learning process is the skill IQ feature. This quizzes you on your knowledge of the software and uses this to suggest the best courses for you to ensure that you're not wasting time learning things you already know or getting frustrated trying to follow along with material that's just not suitable for absolute beginners. If you want to give PluralSite a try then you can use my link in the video description to sign up for a 10 day free trial. My first experience with PluralSite was through the same free trial and since I first signed up I haven't looked back. If this video has helped you out then please show me some support by hitting that thumbs up button below the video. I upload new videos regularly including some damn fine tutorials on 3d modeling and game development using Maya and Unreal Engine so be sure to hit that subscribe button too if you want to see more videos like that. If you need any help or further information then drop me a comment below. Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.


The Benway State Government today restricted the activities of motorcyclists, popularly known as Okada riders, from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. across the state. This was part of the resolutions on the State Security Council meeting held at the Government House Makodi. The steps according to the state governor, Samuel Orton, were sequeled to the alarm raised by his natural counterpart, Abdulaziz Ali, of the movements of suspected bandits, fleeing from Kaduna, Zanfar and Kebi to his state. Autumn Huberig journalist after the meeting said there was need for his administration to be proactive.


Hi, how's everybody doing today? This is Rich, here on behalf of RichTV Live with Joe Deegan, the president and CEO of Tatt Herb Co. How you doing today, Joe? I'm doing good. Richard, thanks for having me. Thank you for being here. Now we're really excited about the new IPO that's coming up. And before we get started in learning more about the company, why don't we get started by you telling us a little bit about who Joe Deegan is? Yeah, I think for myself, first and foremost, I'm a dad, I'm married, I'm a husband. I have a background in entrepreneurship. I actually have a degree in entrepreneurship. And I really do believe that I hope to make products that can make the world a better place. Wow, that's great. Well, hopefully this is a product that can definitely make a huge impact. And I believe it will. Can you give us some background on your career? Yeah. So back in 2012, I started an e-liquid company called Jjuice. It was good timing in the vape industry all the way back in 2012. I was one of the first movers. And I focused solely on e-liquid manufacturing. And so I built a manufacturing facility that did the liquid for electronic cigarettes. I built this into all 50 states, 26 countries. I private label manufactured for over 50 other brands domestically and internationally. And through this, subsequently, I was fortunate enough to sell this to one of the major tobacco companies. And then through that venture, immediately once I began crusading that company, I had built a deep passion for CBD and hemp products, even all the way back in 2014. I mean, six years ago, I was looking at CBD products. I was private label manufacturing for CBD brands that are still in the market today. Some of the biggest, most dominant players. And I really got a hands-on experience with the benefits of the plant. So I just continued deepening my research and paying attention to it. So after selling my company to a major tobacco company, I was able to found Wild Hemp, which remains one of the market leaders today for the category of hemp cigarettes. And so it's just been a, this is my life. This is my passion. This is what I do. But it's a product that I deeply believe in. Very good. Where did you come up with that name, Tatt International? Well, the name Tatt, the name Tatt is actually, it's a tribute to one of my best friends who had passed away. Oh, sorry to hear that. Josh. Yeah, thank you. He did pass away about four years ago now. And Josh was, he was someone who had a deep passion for making the world a better place. And he was an extremely talented tattoo artist in Huntington Beach, California. So I feel like, for me, it's a tribute to him, but it's also significant and symbolic to me. His dedication to his craft of tattooing was similar to what I hope to put into our products here at Tatt. So yeah, it's a tribute to him. Good for you. I think that that's a great, great, great cause. Now, Beyond Meat has been a huge story this year. The stock has done extremely well. Where does the term Beyond Tobacco come from? Well, I think it's interesting. I think about different industries. I think, yeah, we'll look at Beyond Meat, but also let's look at Tesla. The internal combustion engine is going to become a thing of the past. And then we're seeing all these different car companies, they're going to innovate, or they're going to let Tesla continue munching up market share and becoming that much more valuable. So innovation is inevitable. And if we look at Big Tobacco, they're a dinosaur. They've done very little to innovate. Sure, they've tried heat not burn. And they've tried some other things, but to no prevail. And so I think this is really the true, Beyond Tobacco comes from that term, just like Beyond Meat, a plant-based meat that has macro effects in the environment. It can benefit it without all the, and we're no different. I think hemp is an unbelievable plant that can benefit the environment on a macro scale. But then on a micro scale, when it comes to our products, it's an incredible experience to smoke a cigarette that has no tobacco, no nicotine, but it tastes just like a light cigarette. And nicotine addiction, I come from the world of apine and eliquid. So it's a serious product to help people. Absolutely. Now, what sets TAT products apart from the competition? You kind of touched on it. Wild Hemp, Plain Jane, Right On Brands, what sets you guys apart? Well, first off, I don't actually see ourselves competing with anyone in the hemp cigarette space. We're really going after the old line tobacco industry. We want to be side by side with all the major cigarette brands, offering our beyond tobacco alternative to a traditional tobacco cigarette. So we feel that our proprietary blend, and it's developed over years of my world and my previous experience in the world of flavors with eliquid, manufacturing for so many different brands, my operational background. But getting that first-hand experience of what the market actually likes, the way that you can really appeal to different customer bases with the right flavor profiles, and being able to replicate a cigarette is, I can't emphasize, it's a smooth satisfying experience. It's one of my biggest passions. And also, one thing to emphasize, Rich, is this is a cigarette that actually has no tobacco, no nicotine. So I come from the world of consumable and addictive. And so when you vape, it fulfills your nicotine habit. But you're really replacing one nicotine with another form of nicotine. And arguably, you start to consume even more nicotine. So this is actually a product that can help you get off of nicotine. So that's big. That's huge. I like it. Now you did say that it actually tastes and smells exactly like a traditional cigarette. Is that true? Yeah, that's true.  We have terpenes that we infuse into our blend. We're very delicate into handling of our material. We control the environment. We control the moisture content. We control the grain size. We sift all the seeds and stems. It's a very complex process for us to dial in and actually end up with a product that tastes like a cigarette. But it's really, it's in all these different steps, I think, is what really sets us apart. But I'm very excited for people to try it. I smoke at least 10 to 15 of them every day. Like I really sincerely enjoy them. I've been able to reduce. I got addicted to my own vape product. And I've been able to reduce the amount of vape. So I'm a believer that this is actually something to help you get off of nicotine. And there's also other positive side effects from using it. Wow, that's impressive. So are you a cigarette smoker? I was a cigarette smoker for about seven, eight years I was. And then I switched over to vaping and probably got even more addicted to vaping. And so now I've started in keeping my vape to the side and not using it as frequently. And I've been using, particularly, my favorite is our original Beyond Tobacco hemp cigarette because I prefer the taste of tobacco. Even if I'm vaping, I just, and that's so, that for me is my preference. But it's helped me. Absolutely no doubt about it. It's helped me reduce even the amount that I vape. Wow, that's impressive. Maybe one day I'll be able to try one myself.  I'm not, I'm not, but I'd be willing to try it. Yeah, definitely. I'd be willing to try it. I'll send you some anyways. Yeah, thank you. How difficult was it to create a product like this? Oh, I think it's, you know, the thing that I think about is, you know, it's almost like Malcolm Gladwell, 10,000 hours. Anybody in the hemp field is gonna tell you it's an incredibly complex plant to work with. It's why the farmers, you know, out there that have been farming their whole lives will say, hey, I've never thought it was gonna be this difficult to grow a weed. Wow, really?  They just grow, you know, they're a nuisance to them. But it is a much more complicated plant than I think the market completely understands. And then when it comes down to processing and blending down to a product that actually tastes and smells and burns like a cigarette, we're talking about, you know, 20 steps in our system and our process that have to be done perfectly. It's like I mentioned earlier, it's every detail. It's the environment controls. It's the moisture content of the flower before we start process A. It's the moisture of the content of the flower before we finish process Z. And so every step from A to Z has to be done perfectly, consistently, especially if we want, you know, which is, you know, what we're doing is coming out with a cigarette that really does rival old tobacco cigarettes. I mean, something without tobacco and without nicotine. It's a lot of steps, it's a lot of work, but a lot of attention to detail. What are your target markets? Well, you know, we're based here in Las Vegas, Nevada.  My experience building distribution in all 50 states and internationally, the United States is obviously our initial focus and is our most important priority to build distribution in. You know, very soon after our corporate headquarters is located in Toronto, Canada. We're focused on North America. I've got business in Mexico and I also have business in Canada. But very soon thereafter, you know, we're looking at the UK and other markets in the European, you know, in the European Union. So the four largest cigarette markets in the world is North America, Eastern Europe, China and Indonesia. China is an example of a country where we're probably gonna have some regulatory restrictions. But, you know, there's a lot of benefits in working with hemp and not cannabis. We don't have as much regulatory red tape. So the amount that we can scale distribution in this company is it's bigger than cannabis. Hemp boom is bigger than the green boom. Wow, that's big. That's big. That's a big statement and considering you guys are about to start brand new IPO this is pretty exciting. There are obvious benefits in having tobacco flavored hemp products on the market when compared with tobacco products. What are the rules and regulations surrounding CBD hemp cigarettes in the US and Canada? Well, I think, first of all, I think, you know, I've been in even this space all the way as early as 2016, like I had mentioned earlier. And at that time there was a 2014 experimental hemp bills. And so depending on which state you were in in the United States, it was whether or not it was legal for you to experiment with the hemp plant. And then later came the real bill for the hemp industry, which we've been anticipating, which is the 2018 Farm Bill. You know, the Farm Bill is basically the federal government's way of really legalizing and giving us the framework that every state and tribal territory in the United States can follow is from labeling requirements, testing requirements, using a third party laboratory to verify. It tells us exactly the THC content that we're allowed to have within our products. So it gives us all the regulatory framework, very secure from the federal government, how we have to package our product, the QR codes we have to put on it. So it's one of the most exciting times is right now in the industry. There's just no doubt about it. And so state by state by state, they're all coming out with their own bills as well. And so, you know, for us, it is a bit of a challenge to keep up with the regulations, but with my background, especially with my experience with Wild Hemp, I've learned a lot about not just here in the United States, state by state, but also I've learned a lot about international regulations. There's many countries right now, no problem at all. We could take the product that is packaged exactly the way it is right now without making huge adjustments. You think about big tobacco and all the regulatory hurdles they have to deal with. We are not a tobacco company. We are a hemp cigarette company. We don't have the same burdensome regulations. In fact, the regulations are in our favor. I can't emphasize that enough. We have the framework. Now is the time to capitalize. Very good, very good. When do you expect to launch the product? We plan to launch the product in the fall this year, 2020. And what products will you be introducing first? Well, we plan to, you know, initially we plan to launch two products on a large scale. It's gonna be our original beyond tobacco hemp cigarette and our menthol beyond tobacco hemp cigarette. Those will be the two that we're gonna focus on right out of the gates is, you know, we're gonna stay on side by side there with cigarette companies. Very good. Tell me why you choose to launch a menthol flavored hemp cigarette. Well, it's a, actually it's a big reason. So I hope your, you know, viewers can understand this, but, okay, so we look at the, let's look at the cigarette industry. Global cigarette industry is a $1 trillion industry. And 30% of that industry is menthol. So we're talking about $300 billion industry is menthol. 30% of those smokers are menthol smokers. Now, on top of that, there's been so many different regulations that continue to hit cigarettes. And I don't mean just in the United States, you could look at Canada, you could look at countries in the European Union, we can look all over the world and we can see that cigarette companies are constantly dealing with new regulations, making it harder and harder for people to smoke cigarettes. Menthol is one of those things that are being targeted, especially here in the United States. So we, again, are not a tobacco company. We are not regulated like a tobacco company. We are a hemp company. So we can have a king pack, 20 pack of cigarettes that you may even be able to see behind me here up there on the shelf. Yeah, yeah. We can have a, it looks identical to a traditional box of hemp cigarettes and we can have menthol flavor. So when those menthol cigarettes come off the shelves, we're still gonna be there on the shelves to satisfy smokers need for just that cooling menthol hit, that mimics their menthol cigarettes. That's impressive. I'm really excited about seeing how that's gonna play out. Are there any notable studies in regards to the effectiveness of hemp cigarettes as smoking cessation therapy that you'd like to share or highlight? Well, there's quite a bit of studies that have been done showing the benefits of CBD, of course. I think for our product in particular, there's one that I tend to highlight. There was a study done with 24 participants, all 24 participants were cigarette smokers, 12 of them had a placebo and 12 of them had a actual CBD inhaler. So they would just inhale CBD or they were inhaling water. And it showed conclusively that there was a 40% reduction in cigarettes smoked by those who were using the CBD inhalers compared to those who had the placebo. Almost no effect. The placebo trial candidates, almost no change in their cigarette habits, but those consuming CBD had a 40% reduction. So like if that doesn't show you the future of cigarettes, like it's what we mean by beyond tobacco, it's there's a new wave coming. And we're positioned to be one of the major players, especially with my background in distribution on that conflict. Confidently telling everybody, pay attention to it. Because it's a category that's gonna continue to grow. I agree. I think it's very smart what you guys are doing. And you just touched on it. Have you signed any distribution agreements to date with convenience stores, grocers, e-commerce platforms? Yes, we have. So a lot of these guys are in my network, guys that I've worked with for years and years with building up my previous companies. We've already signed a distribution deals in Texas, California, Illinois, Nevada. And we also expect national distribution prior to launch this fall. Wow, that's huge. What would you say are your five key selling points? Well, I think number one is, it's an enormous market. We're talking about a $1 trillion global market. And we're talking about hemp is no longer banned as this controlled substance anymore. The regulations are favorable. So those two things, three, it smokes as well, if not better than a traditional cigarette. So it's non-psychoactive. It contains no tobacco, no nicotine. So this is really the ideal cigarette to use if you're an e-cigarette smoker or you're, this can be used as a tobacco replacement or sensation tool. I'd say four is, it's a, I'd say it's a better for you alternative to traditional cigarettes. So, and I think you'd be blown away at how many people smoke cigarettes. They're like your best friends that are with you through good times and bad times, but they're so addictive. I'm telling you as a nicotine addict, it's to have this kind of option available for people to still be able to smoke a cigarette, but have a better for you option like this, I think is definitely something to look at. And it's also the fifth reason is, this is one of the most effective ways to consume CBD. Smoking the plant was like, this is what God intended the use of the plant to be. You have to heat it up to 220 degrees to release the acidic molecule. And convert the cannabinoid into something that your body can ingest. So you can immediately, when you smoke a cigarette, compared to take a tincture within 30, 45 seconds, you immediately feel the entire entourage effect of smoking it.  So I think those would be the, those are big points, but like, you know, test me on it. Seriously, pick up a pack and like I'm, it's a noticeable difference. I'm very excited about this product. I am very excited about your guys IPO. Congratulations on all your success so far. And we'll be watching our entire community very, very closely and very, very carefully on your IPO and the progress as it happens. So once again, thank you so much for joining us here, Joe. Joe Deegan, the president and CEO of Tatt, Herb and Co. And we look forward to the launch next week. Congratulations on all your hard work, all your success. And I'm sure there's going to be a lot more success to come. Hey, appreciate it. Thank you so much, Rich. We'll see you soon, Joe. Thank you very much. Thank you. Bye.


Okay, show me a start. Our first talk is will be presented by a professor at the University of Seoul National University. Please welcome him. Thank you for the kind introduction. And also I'd like to thank the organizers, especially for giving me an opportunity to speak here.  The second talk was more theoretical in general. The third talk was again very biological. And now as you can predict, this talk is going to be a very theoretical speculative. So I'm sorry if you feel that this is not really relevant to biology, but I think what I'm going to talk about today might be happening in a system which looks like this. So like let's say you have some kind of swimming bacteria in some kind of solution, and then you have a very symmetrically shaped object, or a tracer particle, which is being pushed here and there by these bacteria. This is swimming bacteria. And I'm going to talk about some kind of very, which appears like a very direct mechanism for some kind of symmetry breaking phenomena associated with the mortality of this tracer particle. In a dilute active fluid, where you can treat these bacteria almost like some kind of ideal gas particles. So this work was done in collaboration with my students, Gi-won Kim and Yoon-sik Choi. Gi-won Kim is sitting somewhere here, I think. If not... I'll talk with him later. Let's begin. So I think I'm the first speaker who is really talking about active matter. So let me first introduce the concepts. So here's the very representative example of active matter, the E. coli. So as you can see here, E. coli, maybe many of you have already seen this movie, but it swims by moving its flagella at the end. It's shaped like an oblong ellipsoid, and it keeps moving in a straight line for some time, and then at some given rate it then starts rotating, tumbling in the same position, and then it starts running again. So basically the motion of this kind of bacteria can be simplified like this. So basically you understand this to be like a series of straight runs punctuated by random tumbles at a given rate to a random direction. So this is called one-end tumbling dynamics, understandably. So this is a very simple example of active matter, active particle. So how is it different from non-active particle, passive particle? So here's a schematic diagram showing the difference. So in the case of past particle doing the usual thermal Brownian motion, you can see this particle with some kind of mechanical energy, exchanging energy with the surroundings to form a hit or work. And you typically model the dynamics using some kind of long-run equation. So here you have the drag force, the friction force, and you have some kind of potential conceptual interactions with the surroundings, and also you can have some kind of thermal noise. But for this kind of Brownian particle, what happens is that the particle satisfies fluctuation with patient relation. So the way the particle is paged is energy to the environment, and the way the particle absorbs energy from the environment has some kind of time-reversal symmetry. So therefore the fluctuations, the sort of fluctuations in the environment and the way you lose energy to the environment by this patient is actually related by temperature. So this is called, this fluctuation of this patient relation ensures a time-reversal symmetry of the heat dissipation and heat absorption. And so this kind of particle can reach equilibrium at some given temperature. But in contrast, so for the active particle like this bacteria, so naturally you can see that this particle has some kind of separate source of energy other than the heat from the surroundings. So it has an ambient or stored energy in the form, for example, the chemical fuel, and then it converts that to mechanical energy and then in turn that is dissipated into the environment. So because of this extra source of energy, in addition to the usual terms appearing in the long-term equation for the Brownian particle, we have some additional things here, for example like this propulsion force, which is highlighted by POP here. So there is some kind of long-conservative self-propulsion force which actually is in addition to the summer interaction, but this additional term is not necessarily related to the dissipation by any fluctuation-dispassion relation. And all this more is like this force is actually termed, the direction of this force is termed by the shape of the particle, for example the body shape of this bacteria, and then like it takes some time usually until the direction changes. So these are like the time-reversed metric waking and the direction of the body are like very important properties of active particles to matter. So you can find these kinds of active particles at various length scales and time scales as shown here, like from nanometer scale with molecular motors, a serial bacteria and insects to the order rate of the birds at the middle scale. So the current properties of these things, these particles, all of them converge toward the ambient energy into systematic motion and they stay far from equilibrium by breaking time-reversed metric, the fluctuation-dispassion relation, and then each of them has some kind of direction of motion determined by their body shape. So remembering this, let me talk about how you can distinguish a system consisting of such active particles from a system consisting only of passive particles. So let's say you drop some asymmetric object that looks like this, this wedge inside some fluid. So provided that the fluid is only consisting of passive particles, then the pressure acting on this object is the same everywhere and therefore this object will not really travel anywhere, except for some kind of summer diffusion. So there's not going to be any persistent motion. But if these particles, the circular particles are active particles, then what happens is that they try to swim in the same direction for some time. So what happens is that the active particles coming from the left like collide into the concave wall and then they cannot actually escape quickly because to escape they really need to turn their direction by a large angle and that takes time. On the other hand, the particles which are coming from the right can just slide by the object without really having to turn their direction. So therefore this leads to a surplus of density on the concave side of this wedge-like object and that means there are more particles pushing this wedge-like object to the right compared to the particles pushing this object to the left. So that leads to the net motion of this object to the right and in response the net current of active particles to the left. Similar thing happens in a situation on the right-hand side here. As you can see, this is some kind of surface some asymmetry from the right to the left and the active particles which are actually like A can easily slide by but active particles which are actually like B, they just talk in the chat. So this means there's going to be an overall force from the right to the left exerted by the active particles on this surface. So in general these active particles like break time with this metric, they are the equilibrium and then if that is combined with some kind of asymmetric spatial geometry then that leads to some kind of force on the body or the net current of the active particles which we can utilize to obtain some kind of active motion or do some kind of useful work. So this is the main idea of utilizing active particles to build some kind of like micro motors or very small scale of engines which was briefly discussed by Hyun-Joo Park in the talk before this. Okay, so these were like a schematic drawings but I mean you can really see that these happen. So I mean these are actually very known experiments using a rich-like object and a geol-like object and as you can see these objects are just moving even though these active particles are really like dumb particles. They are just trying to move in the same direction and consequently they give rise to this kind of rectified motion. Okay, so now here's the question. So do we always need such asymmetric objects in just like current or mortality in this system? So that's what we are going to think about here and the short answer is no. Actually we were not too forced to say this answer. Actually it's actually quite well known that there are some situations where even symmetric situation can lead to the overall current or jacket motion. So for example let's say you drop some kind of flexible polymer in a fluid-fated active particles, active fluid and then as you can see here because of some kind of fluctuation the polymer can have some kind of induced asymmetry and then in response to induced asymmetry the active particles will form some kind of large-scale current and also push the polymer in the opposite direction. So therefore that leads to very persistent motion and also depending on the length scale of the polymer you can have persistent motion or persistent rotation in the same place or even if the length is not long enough then you will not get really persistent motion like it's shown in the left lower corner. So if the object can deform then of course you can get this kind of induced asymmetry and then constantly you can get directed motion. There is more complicated example so I'm not going to really explain what all these equations mean but this is a system which consists of these small filaments like actin and then some motor proteins which are grabbing these filaments and what these motor proteins do is they tend to align these protein filaments because of their shape, tend to align together and then because of the presence of these motor proteins they tend to get aligned with the same polarity and also they tend to get some kind of contractile stress from the motor protein. And let's say we gather these kind of filaments together and motor proteins which are formed what we call the active gel so here are some like a droplet of active gel inside some Newtonian fluid and then what happens is that they tend to form this kind of polar order because of the interactions I talked about but if you really strengthen the strengths of the motor protein there then the contractile stress will get larger and larger and that will give rise to some kind of spray instability which means if you follow the grain of these filaments then they form a shape like this spontaneously and then once this kind of instability happens then there's an imbalance of stress across this droplet and then this droplet will be propelled in some direction so as you increase the contractile activity of the molecular motors then you can see this droplet transitioning between some kind of stationary symmetric compuration to some asymmetric moving compuration which can be in both directions depending on how you break the I mean how does plane stability happens but still okay so these are examples of some examples of how symmetric breaking mortality can happen in active fluid but all of these like had some kind of some kind of strict requirement like for example in the first example the object didn't really have like fixed geometry it was like it can be deformed very easily and secondly there was I mean the active fluid had to be like ordered beforehand like for example in the case of active gel it had to have this like a polar order but in our study we are actually going to point out that even in an active fluid without any order so it's just like an active ideal gas without any order still the object immersed in it can be worked out through some kind of symmetry breaking mechanism induced by just the motion of the object and negative drag which means the drag force applied in the same direction as the velocity of the object plays a very crucial role here and this continuation is controversial and just happened so here is a very schematic diagram showing what is really happening there but I'm going to hang it in here just as a trailer actually I think I have just like how much time do I have? 15 minutes so I'm going to describe a very simplistic statistical model that we solved to reach our conclusion and then we are going to discuss what negative mobility means there and then we are also going to discuss what kind of phase changes happened there so here is a very simplistic model of a one dimensional system with the object immersed within some kind of active fluid so here we are considering a 1D system with periodic boundary condition for convenience actually we are going to send this L to infinity later and so there are in this one dimensional fluid there are this one entombed particles since this is one dimensional active particle either travels to the right or travels to the left and there is the same velocity U, same speed U and then it can come to its direction with some fixed rate alpha over 2 and then so I do a circuit to represent the periodic system and then these arrows are running on particles and this green triangle at the top is a really schematic drawing of how an object or wherever object interacts with the running on particles so let's have a look at it in detail so as the distance between the location of the active particle changes which is indicated by this X here if the object, if the active particle is on the right side of this object then there will be like repulsive force to the right and if the active particle is on the left side of the object then it's going to have like some constant repulsive force to the left so the repulsion is like just on and off and it's always like F or minus F so that's why I drew a triangular potential representing the interaction so that this object also exerts force on the active particles so the equation motion can be written in this manner, there's the interaction described by the potential V the triangular potential V that I showed before and there's this set propulsion force following the run and tumble dynamics and the object itself moves and well, I'm just ignoring all the kind of possible noise here I just assume that the object is an overlapped particle and when the active particle is on the object then the object is pushed in the corresponding direction so what is important actually here is that this is a one-dimensional system and the object and the active particles can interact when they're like kind of overlapping so I'm assuming that this object is somewhat like a soft object but the potential shape is not really deformed by the interaction so the question is how this kind of object will move in the non-nuclear steady state so I'm going to assume that the first of all to solve this problem I'm going to use some kind of main field approach so I'm going to assume that the object is moving at a constant velocity so it's active fluid so then I can fix my frame of reference to a frame which is moving together with the object and then since this is an overdamped system you don't really have the Galilean imbalance you actually have some kind of medium around the object therefore moving with the object means there's an overall constant force in the opposite direction to the speed of the object so you take that tape that like fixes force into account and then you can basically set up some kind of master equation corresponding to this frame of reference and then you try to solve it for the steady state so I skip the detail these are all just mathematics the steady state solution can be calculated actually exactly for any potential in fact and then you can calculate the drag force based on it and then assuming that the speed of the object is small then at linear order then you get direct coefficient and you can basically obtain the direct coefficient as a function of the persistence length objective particle which means how straight the active particle trace how far the straight particle travels in a straight line and also f which is like the the repulsion between the active particle and the object so you get this kind of diagram so the axis is the persistence length and the vertical axis is the interaction strength and when the like I mean as you can see here in this red region in the region to the lower right corner you get like a negative drag which means the drag force is in the direction of the motion so okay and that happens when the capacitance length is substantially larger compared to the object size and when the real repulsion is sufficiently small so what exactly is happening here so let me get some exact solutions for the like shape of the density profile of the active particles at like 0th order of the velocity and at linear of the order of the velocity okay so this is actually this is a case for the passive brinyan particle so when there's this like a potential which looks like this triangle drawn by the blue line here then in response the the density of the brinyan particles will be like this inverted triangle okay actually not really triangle okay but anyway yeah like lower density within the object now what happens if you move this object to the right then there's some kind of like a fictitious drift to the opposite direction in the combing frame and then like there are more passive particles in front of the object compared to behind and like this change of density basically means you are going to have a drag force which is opposing the body motion so this is like the like a pressure some kind of friction like induced by pressure difference so this is typically what happens in equilibrium state like for passive particles but for active particles something else can happen so first of all let's again start from an object at rest in an active fluid and what would the density of the active particles look like so as I said active particles tend to travel in the same direction for some time and therefore when it meets a wall then it tries to push against the wall for some time before turning away okay so that means the active particles will kind of tend to accumulate at the wall as if there was some kind of like a traction that's only caused by the persistence of time okay so now what happens when we start moving this object then what happens is that the active particles actually like piled up with the higher density behind the object so that leads to some drag force which actually aids the motion so this is what we call the mechanism of negative mobility negative drag so let's try to get a bit of intuition about what is happening here so let's say we have some kind of static body over there the blue triangle now as I said when we have active particles around this triangular object triangular potential then these active particles move as if they are filling some kind of effective attraction towards the boundaries of this object okay and they are also trying to go over the object but since the right-hand side and left-hand side are symmetric the tendencies are balanced but when we start to move this object then what happens is that like for the right-hand side the repulsion of the object is kind of a bit cancelled by the fictitious force due to the motion of the object so on the left-hand side the repulsion from the object is kind of strengthened by the fictitious force in the moving frame so the object actually becomes a bit asymmetric like that and then what that gives rise to is that like the active particles on the right-hand side actually find it easier to go over the object and go to the left while those on the left-hand side find it more difficult to cross this barrier so therefore there's going to be a higher number of active particles behind the object compared to the front so this is a very hand-raving argument but I think this is what is like roughly speaking happening in this situation and again we notice that this happens only when the person's length Lp is sufficiently larger compared to the size of the object this is normalized by the size of the object as you can see the negative drag happens only when Lp is actually less larger than 0.4 and this might be because for this kind of mechanism to really occur and the active particle has to actually sense both sides of the object without like losing any memory so the active particle can travel from the left-hand side to the right-hand side and see that really because the motion of this object has effectively become asymmetric now if the active particle is changing direction very quickly then before even crossing this object you will soon forget about what it felt before so this I mean you have no information about how asymmetric this potential has effectively become in the moving frame and that's actually kind of the equivalent to the equivalent situation now also we we observed that the negative drag can happen only when the whirlpool is actually small here and that basically means when the whirlpool is relatively strong then there will be like a few active particles really crossing the object so this basically most active particles will not be able to sense both sides of the object if the whirlpool is too high so again here the force is miscarried by the self-propelled force so as you can see the whole region is below the self-propelled force actually the whirlpool less than the self-propelled force so negative drag can happen only in that region so everything here is related to whether the active particle can sense both sides of the object that's the I think that's the important intuition we can gain from here okay so basically so far I showed you a very specific example of like a triangular potential and but in principle we can serve the equations for any kind of potential and we've seen similar things happening for like sinusoidal potential and harmonic potential and then for a very general kind of potential actually we can do the perturbative analysis assuming that the potential strength is very small and I'm not actually going to really explain the detail but assuming that the V-self is very small then you can calculate the drag coefficient here as shown in this last formula and as you can see when the run length is sufficiently large or when the potential so the repulsion of the substance is strong then you can get negative drag coefficient okay for a general potential in the weak potential limit so far I've shown you that like in the linear response regime the fictions felt by this object in active fluid can be like in the directional velocity but of course to get the steady state velocity we actually need to go to the nonlinear and then try to serve some kind of a self-constituted equation between the drag force and like friction from other kind of friction from the environment okay so this is basically what being fed up function does so we calculate the mean for the approximation and for the steady so for the self-constituted equation okay I think I cannot really explain this diagram in a short while I'm just going to tell you that like the what is the axis like with carrier repulsion the vertical axis is like the object velocity and the lines here are like the solutions where the force from the environment the force applied by the active particles on the object and then what you see is that depending on like the situation we can get both continuous phase transition of the velocity and like this quick jump of the velocity steady state velocity as you vary the like the representations while fixing the persistence length so now you can see the phase diagram based on the result so again on this repulsion and persistence length plane you get many kind of different kinds of possible steady state behaviors so for example we have this immobile regime where for whatever the velocity is you never really have like positive force in the direction of the motion so that's what this I represents then there's the mobile regime where for small velocity you get some like meta tip drag overall and then as soon as you increase the velocity the force again the net force again becomes zero so in that case the steady state solution will be like mean zero so the mobile state will be the only multi state will be the only stable solution it's blue regime in the middle there's also a case where like the mobile state and the immobile state can coexist which suggests that in those regimes there will be like this conscious phase transitions between the two states and what is even more interesting there can be like situations where like in this case there can be like some kind of non-climbing system but anyway we can like find the regions in this space where both mobile state and immobile states there can be like situations where multiple mobile states can coexist so some tracer particles can travel slowly and other tracer particles can travel more rapidly and those regions are very very small but still they are there so so far all we have seen is like just a theoretical result based on kind of main field approximation but can you really trust them with that question but we did numerical simulations of the system they did model using these equations and then what you see here is that like now when again this is f and the velocity plane and what you can see here is that the main field provision indicated by this red line is actually quite close to what the system really does in the steady state indicated by this color the the sum of plot so provided the object mobility is sufficiently small then mean field predictions are actually quite accurate and you can even see that there seem to be like really two different kinds of transitions like the one corresponding to the continuous transition and the other corresponding to a discontinuous transition so the as you can see there let's try to close a look at what is happening for the continuous transition so here I'm trying to change the like the number of active particles the system while keeping the density at a constant value and also a little bit of cave material I'm also rescaling the mobility of the traveling object inversely proportional to the number of active particles here so the situation in this case becomes a bit similar to the case where you have like Ising spins interacting with each other ultra interaction with each other which can be likened to this active particles some interacting with each other through this very slow object in the middle so what happens is that taking that kind of simplicity limit you can show that the system exhibits the Ising Ising model like criticality with like very critical exponents we type 1 over 2 and 2 so this is the continuous transition so we do have a continuous transition as supported by this evidence and then like there's another transition on the left hand side which looks discontinuous but let's make sure this is continuous so we first measure the how the distribution of the density of the traveling stage changes as we increase the system as the number of particles sorry for a bit of the inconstancy in the order but as we increase the number of particles we clearly see this multi-group peaks developing and if we measure the window cumulative which is typically used as a measure of this constant transition you can see that it's been the cumulative develops a huge dip here infinity which is usually interpreted as the distribution of the parameter having some kind of two different peaks at the transition point so it seems like the system is really capable of this constant transition so I'm a bit over time so let me quickly summarize so we found a simple mechanism by which an object with fixed geometry in a disorder state can become more tall we are symmetry breaking and this is because of the negative drag and with substitute long-person length and weak object particle interaction this mechanism can happen and both kinds of continuous inconstantions are possible now here's some a bit of cable to note here so in addition to this drag force exerted by the active particles there's of course another kind of drag force exerted by the surrounding fluid the ambient fluid and if the drag force from the ambient fluid is even stronger than the effect of active particles then of course this kind of spontaneous mutality will not happen so we actually need to assume that the surrounding fluid is also like exerting friction compared to this drag force exerted by the active particles but still there was some like another research in a similar vein by like the group in the Nexel and they found that this kind of this kind of magnetic drag mechanism even if it is too small in this motion can still get rise to some kind of ominous fluctuations and when the system is very close to a critical line like for example here then we can expect that because of the critical fluctuations also with this isling-like transition there's gonna be the some kind of ominous diffusion of the object immersed in this active fluid and also we can expect that I mean considering how these lines look like some kind of re-entered behavior as we cut the diagram in this direction we can start to expect that this also has something to do with the well-known experiment observation of the non-monotonic dependence of the effective diffusion coefficient on the tracer size compared to the the person's length of the active particle now so now the real question is whether I mean all of this here is nice but of course the real thing is whether we can observe this in any experiment well so I'm not aware of any real experiment or observation of this yet but there's a very similar some similar situation where you have this kind of disk made of substance called camphor which weakens the surface tension of water so if this starts to move a bit then they create some dancing balance of camphor in the moving frame of this object and then that imbalance again releases a certain effective negative drag and then this guy starts to move of course in this case the disk is not in an active fluid its surface is an active particle but but like this kind of situation actually gives me hope that what we have predicted might be sort of possible if you get the right kind of parameters it's a very simple mechanism okay so I'd like to thank my students Gi-Won Kim and Yoon-Sik Choi for their theory and their remarks respectively and also this work was basically a product of discussions with Patrick Kae-Jung-Kang and Erich Kaffee okay thank you for your attention and I'd like to answer any questions or comments you have questions thanks a lot for the interesting talks so so you introduced the MIMPIA theory and the analytic solution to the the friction coefficient gamma in the frame so could you extend that argument and theory to higher dimension to higher dimension so that's actually quite challenging one dimension is special in that you can actually solve this problem for any potential effect that's mainly because you don't have the shape of the circulating current field is very simple in one dimension I mean but if you do circulation it has to be like across the system but in two dimension there's going to be circulating current which looks like I wonder whether such a negative drag phenomenon is so present in higher dimension I mean empirical experimentally so yeah actually that's a good point and so basically what I believe to the main intuition here is that if the active particles tend to kind of stick to the boundary of this object then if there's some kind of motion here then the tendency of this active particle sticking to the boundary is kind of altered in a way which aids the motion so even in two dimension it can make the active particles kind of stick to the boundary and I think it's natural to suspect a similar thing can happen and actually we are working towards a building some ambient simulation which can check that and Yoon-Jik is doing or trying hard to do that also you can construct some kind of cause I wonder my situation and then maybe it can check this more easily any other question? if I remember correctly you used the first of the differential equation for describing this object not the second order is there any reason to use that instead of the Newtonian second order differential equation Newtonian second order equation okay first of all the reason is because it's simpler so the first of the equation in principle I think you can do this for example I mean you are thinking about considering the effect of inertia here for the object because it's likely to be actually much more massive so maybe experiment the situation closer to that so that's a good question maybe we can do that I assume that you don't have to yeah we are all assuming that you didn't assume any drag on this object so we are just assuming that the drag is actually much much bigger but yeah energy balance okay I'm not sure about the question maybe we can discuss later any other question okay it's not all let's just start here let's put this back