Hi, everyone. I'm Ben. I work for the Raspberry Pi Foundation. This talk is kind of an idealism based on an existing library for the Raspberry Pi, and I want to see the idea of it being taken further and moving forward into other areas. So, the Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer that provides you a set of GPIO pins. These pins allow you to connect up to electronics and real-world applications and devices, and they're a simple interface to programming devices and reading values and sensors and controlling things in the real world. Prior to the library that I created, there were several low-level libraries which you just talked to the pins. If you've ever used an Arduino or something like that, you do a lot of turning pins on and off reading the state of pins. The way my library GPIO 0 works is implementations within device classes. So, you create an instance of an LED, for instance, and it provides you all the things that you want in human terms to an LED to be able to do. So, an LED is just a light, so you have on, off, toggle, blink. You can read its value as well and things like that. So, that's just a really simple example. This all kind of stemmed around. Myself and my friend Dave Jones created this library together. It was inspired by Dan Pope's Pi Game Zero, which is a zero boilerplate version of Pi Game for making games with Python. We took the same kind of idea, so we wanted to minimise the amount of code you have to write to make something happen. So, in Pi Game Zero, in just a few lines of code, you can get something on the screen that you can control with a keyboard and move around. And your implementation of your game becomes very centred around the actions of what is going on in the game, the actors in the game, not about implementation of how these things should work in the underlying sense. And the same applies here with GPIO. So, rather than writing out your implementation or copying, pasting an implementation of how to read something complicated, like an ultrasonic distance sensor, you send off a signal and wait to have a signal back on a different pin and you're reading pin values and doing calculations, you actually just create an instance of a distance sensor device and you read its value or read its distance. And they all have, so that it was intended for use in education because we used to teach with a low level library teaching teachers how to do physical computing. And there's an awful lot of code that you had to write to be able to just do the basics. And it was very difficult for them to have the confidence to actually move forward and do more complex projects. But if you can write in a pythonic way with simple, guessable API, commonly used names and sensible default values, it's a simple introduction that allows you to progress along a smooth learning curve. And we went for a kind of a multi-paradigm approach, which is what one of the things I'm going to be focusing on in the talk. So there isn't just one way to do something like a procedural way. There's various different methods you can use. The same way in Python, you can start doing while loops and if statements and move on to writing your own classes or writing your own functions or using functional tools and things like that. And it's very extendable. So if there's a device that you've got that we haven't got an implementation for, it's very simple to build on existing classes and write your own or even write other devices that perhaps aren't tied to GPIO pins, but have them be controlled in the same way or control other things in the same way. So GPIOs are supports all the kind of basic electronic components and a few sort of add-on boards and more specialized components. There's a huge device hierarchy so everything kind of builds on other things. So looking at the sort of what I consider the four main different paradigms. So in the most basic sense, if you want to have an LED light up when you press a button, this is one way of a really great way to introduce a teacher who's new to this or a child who's new to this or any beginner to write a while loop that has an if statement. So if the button is pressed, turn the LED on, else turn it off in a while loop. And if that's all your script is doing, it doesn't matter that you'll stick there in a while loop. A slight variation on that is to use procedural book with a blocking. So rather than continuously asking if and going one way or the other, you wait for the button to be pressed and it will just sit and block at that point until the button is pressed, then turn the LED on, wait for it to be released and turn it off. Which has its benefits as well. You can have a control flow rather than continually asking. And then you have an event driven approach. So you assign an action to the button being pressed and the button being released. Now this is exactly the same thing, but using callbacks. So a threaded callback would be fired to fire the LED on function. You can provide any function. It doesn't have to be a GPS error. So it's just something that's callable so you can write your own custom function, have it fire that when you press a button or something as well. And the final example, so you'll see each of these has reduced the number of lines needed. But this one kind of takes a bit of explanation. In a way it's much simpler in that there's just one line defining the behaviour. So you're setting the source of the LED. So it's saying from the LED's point of view, where do I get my values from? And the button dot values is an iterator yielding its current value continuously in the background. So the way that values work, so we have every device has a dot value property. You can read whether it's an input or an output device. So here I'm creating not an LED but a PWM LED, which is just an LED component that you want to be able to control the brightness, bringing it up and down from zero to one, not just on off. So an LED's value would be true or false, but a PWM LED value is a float zero to one. And now, in fact, I can run LED dot on and then read the value again and I've got 1.0. I can also just set it to zero and that's the same as running LED dot off. So you can't set a, say, a button's value. It has to be pressed for the value to be changed, but an output device, you can have its value set. But you could always read the value of an input device. So if you create a PWM LED, for instance, and a potentiometer, so a rotary dial, which also has a value of zero to one as you slide the dial around, you could read the LED value and see that it's zero. Read the potentiometer value and it's that sort of roughly around halfway. And what you could do is you could say LED value equals the pot value. So you set that once. The LED brightness is now set to that sort of roughly half brightness, but whatever the potentiometers at that particular time. And then what you find yourself doing is putting that in a loop to say, well, I want you to continuously update. And that's where the idea of having source and values came from. So output devices have a dot value, a dot values, which is an iterator constantly yielding the current value. And then any device that can have its value set also has a source. And you can just pipe that straight into there just by setting the source property to equal any iterator to be honest. You give it a list of values and a delay and it will iterate over them. But if you give it another devices dot values, it will constantly iterate over those, keeping those two devices paired, essentially. And so you end up with this. So an LED in a button paired up in that way. You can also process the value in between. So you could take the set of values and apply a function to each value before you pass it into the source. So if you wanted to say, do the opposite of the LED is lit up by the button press, you could have the LED is on until I press the button and then it goes off. You could negate that with a function in between. We actually provide a set of common tools for things like that that you would want to do. You can write your own custom functions which do this. It's all bog standard, just passing values around with iterators. But we provide a bunch of source tools within GPIO0.tools, such as negated and various others. So if you've got a value that says zero to one, but you need to turn it into a boolean, then you just pass it through the booleanized function. You can clamp, invert, negate, delay them, quantize them, smooth them, scale them. You can do all sorts. And you can combine these as well. You can even have some source tools which combine multiple sets of values. So you could have two input devices, which some function takes those two values, does something to them and passes it into an output device.  So you could have, for instance, an LED that's only lit when two buttons are both pressed. You could have the all values, the and of those two buttons. And you can also provide artificial sources. So have a function which gets passed into the source, but it's not coming from a GPIO device. It's just coming from some function that isn't connected to a device. So things like if you want to pass in cos values or sine values or random values or define your own function that just provides a set of values from some artificial source. We also provide a few other classes which are we call internal devices which have all the same properties that the other GPIO devices have, the other device classes. But these are not after artificial, but they're just not related to GPIO things. So time of day, for instance, here's an example, so I've got a pet tortoise at home. We've got a lamp, a heat lamp that needs to be on for a certain amount of time during the day. And the lamp is connected to something called an energini socket which is a remote control socket that you can send a radio signal to and it will turn on and off the actual wall socket from the Raspberry Pi. And that's just controlled by a few GPIO pins. So here I create an instance of a connection to an energini socket which I call lamp. That's the representation of what it's controlling. It's controlling the lamp. I've got a daytime object, an object I'm calling daytime which represents the hours between 9am and 6pm. And I set the source to the... So it's a bit the time of day object is a bit like a button and it's either active or it's not active. The same way a button is either pressed or not. It's the same kind of idea. But it's just like a button that is pressed for those hours of the day and then released. So this is one example of how you could use that to control a lamp using daytime. Another one, so we have CPU temperature. So you can read the CPU temperature of the device, of the direct like the temperature of the Raspberry Pi. And we have something called LED bar graph. So that's when you've got a series of LEDs in a row. And rather than be... You can have them controlled arbitrarily. So you have an LED board and you just say you could turn them on in any interval. But if you want them to act like a bar graph so they can only go from one end up to the other and being lit up then use the LED bar graph which is a really effective way. If you've got say 10 LEDs in a row and you pass in the value 0.5 it will light the bar graph up to half of the LEDs. So here I'm using... The LEDs will always be representative of the current CPU temperature of the Pi. So you could see visualize like the temperature rising as you do stuff with applications on the device. Another one, so ping server. It's just again it's either active if it can do a successful ping or inactive if it can't. So here I'm using source delay which delays how often it should be reading that. So I only want it to ping Google every 60 seconds. And I'm also setting... So I've set the green to match the Google values but it's only looking every minute. And then the red is... Rather than coming from another input device it's just negating whatever the green is. So either the green LED is on or the red LED is on according to whether it can access Google. And you can define your own. So this is one way of doing it is actually providing a class that subclasses the internal device class and just implements how it reads its value. So I'm just going to read... Here's just reading from a file and that just contains an integer. So you could have some sort of interface that writes to a file either writes a 0 or a 1 and sets some LED to match whatever there is in that file, for instance. You could also implement this as a function that just yields that value as well but it's just an alternative. So there's a separate library written by Martin O'Hanlon called Blue Dot. So this is... It comes with an Android app for your phone that you can... You get a big blue dot on the screen and you can either use it like a push button. So when you press the button on the app it's Bluetooth connected to your Pi and you can read whether the button is pressed or not in real time. But it also acts like a joystick as well so you can rotate your finger around the D-pad and retrieve the X and Y and the angle and things. So you can use it to do simple things like you could control an LED just by pressing the Android app or you could use it as a D-pad to control, say, a robot. It's really simple to do that because Martin uses the same... Same kind of style of API as GPI-0 does so it plugs in really well together. So you create an instance of your blue dot connection. Here's the exact same examples of the LED and button I did before but the button has been replaced with this blue dot controller. Exactly the same API. So you've got... If the blue dot is pressed, turn the LED on, wait for press, when pressed and then source and values. It's even implemented the source values thing. So GPI-0 is a cross-platform library. So it's distributed via app in Raspbian and Ubuntu PPA and obviously through PIP. So you can run it on Raspberry Pi operating systems and access the GPIs directly. You can also run it on PC and Mac and there's various reasons you would do that. So one thing we did was initially we built the library on top of the low-level library I mentioned that we used to use to teach kids and teachers how to do stuff which is RPI GPI-0. The guy who wrote that library, Ben Crosston, he wrote it as a way to control his beer brewing process and he runs a beer brewing business and he sponsors Pipe on UK often because he used Python to do that and he wrote the library which is what we ended up using as a teaching tool which is really cool where something like that coming out of the community. But we built on top of that initially and it was just directly tied to RPI GPI-0. GPI-0 was just an abstraction on top but then later on we made a way of providing multiple swappable backends so you can say well actually I want to use this I want to use the GPI-0 API but this particular library underneath because it has this feature or this other thing that I like. So there's a couple of other libraries one in particular is Pipe GPI-0 I'm going to go into next which allows remote connections which is a really useful way of being able to control things from your PC over the network onto another pie. We provide a native pin implementation just bundled with GPI-0 that's quite limited but an experimental but it's just a way if you don't have one of those other pin libraries you can just use that and Mock as well. So we have a test suite in the library that just mocks there's no actual pin interactions going on just purely mocks it purely in Python which is really useful for both in our test suite and for personal testing as well you can validate that your code runs without having access to a Raspberry Pi. So here's an example of how Mock works so you just set the pin factory as we call it to Mock in an environment variable run your Python shell or your Python file and you write exactly the same code that you would on a real Raspberry Pi there's no warnings or errors or anything it just the underlying pin object that's connected to the device is just a Mock pin which just stores the pin state in memory. So it's just flashing an LED and reading its value not very interesting. The next one just demonstrates that you can connect Mock devices together so you can verify that if you have a Mock button and a Mock LED your LED's value should change according to the button value which you can tell to drive high and low to simulate the button being pressed which is quite useful. So the PyGPIO library is a really good library written in C the author's name is Joan and she does a really good job of implementing all sorts of different GPIO and other communication protocols for Raspberry Pi in this library really well documented library as well and the way that it works is it runs on the Raspberry Pi as a demon that can accept socket connections so you can give it remote commands if you open up give it permission to then you can have it receive commands from another device. So if you run with these environment variables setting the pin factory and the IP address then you can actually have the exact same code you would run on a Pi but running remotely so give it an IP address and it will run if that Pi is running PyGPIO and actually accepting connections then you can just write the same code and it will do that over the network. Another way you can do it instead of using the environment variables is create your factory objects inline in your code which also means you can have multiple ones so you can control multiple devices over the same sets of pins but on different PIs within the same script so you can have a sensor on one Pi in one room controlling a device in another room. So it's an example of blinking an LED on a remote Pi and this is one where so the default pin factory unless you've set it in the environment variables is on the Pi itself so this script is being run on a Pi and so the LED here on pin 22 is the Pi's own pin 22 but the button is on another Pi's pin 22 so the LED and the button are on different devices there but one is explicitly set to another pin factory which is a remote Pi one is just the local pin. And another use for this is we provide an x86 distribution of our Linux distribution Raspbian so we call the Raspberry Pi desktop for x86 so you can run this on your PC and Mac either live boot it from a disk or stick or actually install it on your machine and the good thing about this is it's a bit like an educational distribution so you've got but for programming so you've got all the programming tools and things that come with Raspbian the stuff that we want Raspberry Pi users to have access to you have all that installed and ready to use this also means you get the GPIO libraries and things like that now obviously if I hadn't told you what I've just gone through about the remote pins and things you would think well there's no point having access to those because you're on a PC you don't have access to the pins but a new addition allows you to plug in a Pi Zero which is the smaller form factor cheaper version of the Raspberry Pi and you can just plug it in with a USB cable and no SD card so you don't actually have to install Raspbian on the SD card you can just boot it over USB using OTG and you can tell it that you want to access the GPIO pins so when you plug it in this dialogue pops up oh you've plugged in a Raspberry Pi what do you want to do with it? if you say you want to use it as a GPIO board it will boot a copy of Raspbian into the RAM on the Pi Zero from your PC boot it, run the Pi GPIO demon and then it's provided as an IPv6 gateway to the device so you can create a pin factory on the reference to the IP address the same way you would a remote Pi but it's actually just going down the USB cable so it's a nice way of doing plug and play Raspberry Pi GPIO stuff just from your PC this is also provided in a PPA for Ubuntu so you can install that and run it on Ubuntu and we're looking into getting this ported to Windows and Mac as well at some point so that you'd be able to do GPIO things directly from your PC and Mac without installing or live-booting the Raspberry Pi desktop which you can do now this is a really cool way of doing it it means things like code clubs and coded dojos and Raspberry Jams and things have an easier way of getting access to being able to run workshops and doing this kind of thing the physical competing GPIO stuff and so one of the ones to go on to was the idea that you could use this kind of interface this simple interface this Pythonic API and these different programming paradigms that have been provided for the different ways of accessing and describing what is going on in your system that could be used elsewhere regardless of how it's implemented you could provide something like a garden light class which control the actual physical light in your garden attached to say a motion sensor and a light sensor so here's an example where we use the combining source tool all values to say we'll take the negated light values so it means if we read it whether that is dark and so when there's darkness and motion both darkness and motion then the garden light should be on and that's just a one line thing describing the behaviour of that system but you could write it using one of the other paradigms as well the idea that it doesn't matter how you talk to your garden light or your light sensor or motion sensor but that implementation could just be within the class and you provide these as long as you provide like blue dot as long as you provide the means to to provide the sorry as long as you provide the the API that GPIO zero devices have so the value the value is the source the is is pressed and when pressed and all that kind of thing then you have the ability to write code like this so there's a a series of devices you can get with Z-Wave controllers they're called that a lot of people have in increasingly in the home for controlling various things around around their house so things like their alarm system or their irrigation system and scenes in different rooms you know the kind of things you get with hue light bulbs and that kind of thing smart devices around the home that are on the same protocol called Z-Wave so you have a you have a server that's on your network and talks to all these devices so a friend of mine has has taken the idea of GPIO zero and this kind of interface and written an asyncio implementation of the source values kind of protocol which means that you can declare in simple python terms how you want the things around your house to behave so he has rules set up for things like I want the bathroom lights to come on when you know he's got things like humidity sensors and light sensors and timings and and various other things that he just decides how he wants them all to behave in his house the good thing about the asyncio implementation is that it's a sort of push based rather than continuous polling so whereas in GPIO zero the devices are every every source every time a source is set it's actually running a background thread so there's lots of threading and message so they're very simple threads just passing passing data values around but it just means that they're constantly being sent regardless of whether they've been updated or not so if you're polling let's say we had a light switch implementation it's constantly sending off off off off off to the to the to the the lights whereas if you if you do it push based then and not until you you press the button and change change the setting of the light that that it sends over the new value it would be interesting to investigate implementing this kind of this kind of implementation into GPIO zero we currently still support we have Python 2 and Python 3 support for for GPIO zero which will probably probably die out soon so we wouldn't be able to use asyncio without deprecating that and also that as asyncio has has developed and matured over the last few python releases once we get a stable asyncio that will work on on on Raspian on the version of Python that ships with the current version of Raspian we'll be in a position we'll be able to do that so it'll be something to look forward to in the future so you can find more about GPIO zero on our GitHub it's on the RPY distro organisation and and on readthedoc so GPIO zero dot readthedocs dot io and just another thing I want to talk about this could be a talk of its own but I've just limited it to just the one slide PyWheels is another project I've worked on with Dave it's a Python package repository that built automates builds of all the PyPy releases so every package of every every version of every package on PyPy we build an arm platform wheel so that they work on the Raspberry Pi and they're built on Raspberry Pi hardware in the Mythic Beast Pi Cloud a server hosting company has an actual Raspberry Pi's we automate all the builds of all the packages as they come out and we have a few manual builds like we build OpenCV ourselves offline and import those and the TensorFlow team at Google are actually providing us with their own custom builds of TensorFlow so you can pip install TensorFlow on a Pi and you get it as quick as that so the problem this solves was that it used to take a very long time to install packages on Raspberry Pi because you had to build everything from source because the wheels that are provided are for other architectures so we natively compile all of these on Raspberry Pi hardware and provide the repository so there's multiple pies in the rack that are doing the building and they just kind of there's a Postgres database that just keeps up with what has been built and what has been attempted and then provides them all in the repository index and then there's just one single Raspberry Pi that receives all the requests and just dishes out files as they're requested it's pre-configured in Raspbian to use this as an additional index to Pi Pi so obviously when it has a choice between a source distribution from Pi Pi and a wheel from a matching platform wheel from Pi Wheels it goes for Pi Wheels so reduces your install time right down which is really useful for Raspberry Pi users but that single Raspberry Pi hosting the packages is currently serving around three to four hundred thousand wheels a month and it's holding up really well and just to finish off I just wanted to talk about a few of the programs that we run at the Raspberry Pi Foundation so Raspberry Jams is the name for independently organised community events that are held around the world they're kind of family friendly events so they're not just workshops for kids like the kind of things that people in this room could go along and work on projects or even take your kids along and meet other kind of makers, electronics enthusiasts, hackers and engineers and other programmers and all sorts of beginners as well they're really great fun events they're a mix of kind of some of them are like meetups some of them are kind of more like a conference where they have speakers and talks and presentations some of them are kind of allow you to drop in and do workshops or work on your own projects so yeah, if you head to raspberrypi.org the jam page has a map and calendar of upcoming events and also Codidojo is another program we run which is for under 18 kids so that's the way that you could you could join in by volunteering as a mentor and actually help teaching kids in a kind of a youth club to learn programming skills across any technology on raspberrypi's or on laptops using micro bits or anything and if there's no existing dojo in the area you live they're really easy to set up and just a few people volunteering some time a couple of hours once a month something like that would be a great way to provide the kids in your area a way to learn some programming skills and get interested in using and learning technology and finally I'm presenting a poster just through in the main room there today so if you want to come and read more about the raspberrypi foundation and the raspberrypi and python world and come and talk to me and I'll answer any questions you've got or discuss anything with you and that's all, thank you so we have some time for QA hello, thanks for the talk you showed these four alternatives for interacting with the IO pins is there any relevant concern about power consumption or any relevant difference among them there will be I wouldn't say there won't there isn't any but it's in my experience it's not really caused any problems so I think one time I noticed there was something running where there was something like 25 LEDs on a Christmas tree and each of them had had their source set to the random values so they all sort of sparkled but because each one of them was generating random numbers in a background thread and there were 25 of them and it was actually running on a pi zero so it was 700 megahertz the chip that was in the pi one so a very weak processor compared to what we have with the pi three and three plus today it started to sort of well it worked fine but if you try to open a web browser on the pi at the same time you'd have really struggled it would have been eating a lot of RAM but you have to do quite a lot to make that work and it's very simple to refact to that the code in that example to run more efficiently just by setting the source to say a 26 tuple of random values rather than each of them doing it in their own background thread for instance but yeah it's not really been a problem I mean blocking is quite a good way of you know when you've got those while loops I mean people do that all the time in projects because it's the easiest way that they think of to have something continuously update so they'll constantly checking something not even putting a sleep in it it's fine I think I prefer the blocking way just because it feels like you're you're just restricting the amount of stuff that needs to happen but yeah I think it's a good question yeah but not a horrendous concern some people probably not like the idea of that many threads going on but it's they're very very simple threads they're not doing loads of stuff in the global namespace or anything like that they're they're just doing having one very small job just to pass messages around so hi so thanks for like selling us this GPIO0 I see that provides a lot of like great structure for the for the applications for the software on Raspberry Pi but my question is as you actually mentioned yourself Raspberry Pi is quite powerful and maybe for some users it's too powerful actually and using too much power do you think that you could possibly run the same library or like maybe stripped down on for example MicroPython devices because this was this is actually my use case which I would very like to go with yeah so I'm going to call and call us in a minute so the API to the on the MicroPython API for the micro bit we kind of there's a group of people that worked on that and I I remember in the early days actually conversations with Damian George around that API was kind of what led me to towards devising something nicer API like this and that API is quite nice it's not got some of the features that that this has because you you don't have you know the resource resources available to do the background threading thing I don't know MicroPython supports threading does it? No so you couldn't do some of those callbacks and things so you will see kids writing MicroPython scripts on the micro bit that that are just doing the while loops all the time and things like the way that we use properties quite heavily so setting properties is quite usually you see getters and setters and things like that even in Python I really really like being able to use that that style to just declare something so the same way you would set a A equals 1 I want to be able to say the LED value should be true or should be something like that so I really like being able to do that as well as and as well as use the use the methods and things but I don't think you can really get away with doing that with properties and in MicroPython as well but I think you can get you can get quite close and you you just don't have the luxury of being able to do a lot of that stuff but yeah you can make some nice APIs that use some of the the beginner stuff in that I showed you Okay Thanks a lot, Ben you showed a function in the middle between the the inputs and the outputs in effect and you showed quite simple ones but presumably you could have really complex ones where you're doing machine learning processing or I don't know something quite complex to exactly and that would how how complex can you get and still have this stuff working in in real time I mean some of them are more complex in that like the the energini lamp is kind of controlling mains power see actually it's still very simple and you're just turning a few power pins on it sends a signal to the to the socket and actually turn but you could have that could doesn't have to be a lamp that's a glorified LED you know in a way in that you're just still turning a light on it just happens to be more powerful a light and it's a heat lamp but that could be controlling something more critical like some sort of machinery or something but I mean there are there are some really interesting GPO components that you can use things like ultrasonic distance sensors so you could have if this was the sensor I could be wave my hand in front of it and you can graph the value of the the distance because it's constantly reading how far away the object is by sending a sonar pulse and reading the value back and it just means you can you can do some interesting things like that like how many LEDs you light up according to how close you get or tell the motors of a robot to stop when they get to a when they get to a wall or to like the there's an example I wrote for for blue dot controlling a robot so actually having a little robot sensors attached to a Raspberry Pi on on wheels on a little chassis but using the blue dots so you pack you pass in the the coordinates of where your thumb is on the on the dot pass those in and sort of clamp them and and you know do apply a couple of functions I figure what they were now clamp them and scale them I think it's so that they're in the same thing that your your motors and your you're not just passing and go forward and go backwards you're passing in is still very simple but it's sort of a progression towards a showing you what what you can do um yeah there's there's all sorts of different electronic components that you know you can control things like LCD screens or um and all sorts of different sensors but that yeah a lot of the examples are just LEDs and buttons which is it's the most simple thing to explain it with but yeah you can do some really interesting stuff with with other components classes for instance that control something else entirely so and use the same kind of kind of API Thank you Yeah coming back to the question of polling versus blocking um I was wondering if the Pi's GPIO pins support hardware interrupts and whether you guys um have used them or are planning to integrate them uh yeah I I believe so I think there's a certain amount of um because it's happening in Linux right? It's not like a you're not talking to a micro controller um so it's yeah there are system level interrupts um I think that's how they're implemented in the I don't touch the underlying libraries really so but I believe so yeah um you can certainly do um you there's certainly are are ways of of doing the complete system interrupts at that level yeah I think we have time for one last question or okay I think we'll find thanks so much thanks


Good morning, everyone. Welcome to Monday morning prayer here in the Radiant City Center. Welcome to those who are walking in now and joining us here in downtown Kalamazoo. And welcome to those who are joining us online. We love having you here together, corporately engaging in the Lord in prayer and worship, agreeing with who God is and what God said that He wants to do all throughout His scriptures. We are going to be, for the next hour, singing songs. So I encourage you to engage with the worship, sing the choruses. And when the singers sing phrases to repeat those phrases, don't just passively watch, but to actively engage. And then we're gonna take some time, we're gonna pray through scripture. We're going to take prayers in the Bible, we're gonna pray them and singers are gonna sing them and we encourage you as well to join us together and to pray and sing these promises in the Bible as we stand in the gap and say yes to what the Lord has said He wants to do and what's on the Lord's heart. That's how we partner and engage in unity with the Lord. But before we get started, I just wanna read a little out of Psalm 84 here is to kind of engage our hearts in this moment. We are gathered in the house of the Lord. We are gathered in His presence, in His dwelling place. And we've come in this morning with thoughts, distractions, questions, even fears or confusions.  I'm gonna leave them at the door of the house of God and I'm gonna walk in and I am gonna give my offering before Him. I'm gonna give my song and my praise, my thanksgiving and I'm gonna sit at the feet of the King. So Psalm 84 says, how lovely is your dwelling place, O Lord of hosts. My soul longs and faints for the courts of the Lord. My heart and flesh, they sing for joy to the living God. Even a sparrow will find a home or a swallow or a nest for herself where she may lay her young at your altars, O Lord, my King and my God.  I wanna skip down to verse 10. It says, for a day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere. I would rather be a doorkeeper in the house of my God than to dwell in the tents of wickedness. For the Lord God is a son, a shield. He bestows favor and honor and no good thing does He withhold from those who walk up brightly. So blessed is the one who trusts in you. So Lord, we agree with this passage. We agree with the truth in the scripture this morning. We say this is the word of the Lord. Blessed are those who dwell in your house. How lovely is your house, the place that you dwell. When we look through scriptures and we see what does your house look like, it's surrounded by praise and prayer. It's surrounded by worship and intercession.  So we come into your house, not with our own agenda, not with our own thoughts of how it should be, but we come into your place. And we say, we are joining in with the songs of the angels, the songs of the saints, the prayers of the saints. And we are engaging with you, the King of kings and Lord of lords. So we say, let your kingdom come and your will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Jesus name. Jesus laser focused in the spirit. Jesus laid in the spirit. Jesus laser focused in the spirit. We fix our eyes on you, do that everything else fades away. So beautiful Lord.  You are sovereign. You are just. And we thank you that we can call you those things that that is the very nature of who you are. You are good. We thank you. Right now I just want to take a minute and if you're here in the room, if you're watching online, just begin to tell the Lord who he is, describe him. Worship is simply agreeing with who God says he is and repeating it back to him. Use your own voice to just tell the Lord who he is, who he's been to you. Remember your history with God. Lord, you are a good father. Lord, you are kind. You are true. You are righteous. You are just. Just begin to lift up your own voice and describe who the Lord has been to you. Repeat it back to him. Stir up your spirit. Remember, many times in scripture, we're called to remember. Remember your history with the Lord. Almighty God, free other God, our holy, all-powerful. Revelation four, we see a picture of the throne room of heaven and we see the things that God keeps closest to himself. The four living creatures, each having six wings were full of eyes, full of eyes to constantly take in the Lord, to take in his beauty, to see who he is.  And down in verse 10, the 24 elders fall down before him who sits on the throne and worship him.  And by your will, they exist and were created.   The worthy King Jesus, the only one who is worthy, only one who is worthy of all power, all might and all dominion is you, Jesus.  God, and I pray that you would let us take in your holiness, just like those four living creatures, God. They have eyes around and within to gaze upon you, Lord, would you help us to see you? Or do we get just a glimpse of your holiness? Just a glimpse of who you are, a crater measure of who you are. Help us to see you, God, but as we worship you, help us to see you, the spirit of revelation. But as much as we may know you, we need to know you more and that can only come through a spirit of wisdom and revelation. God, so we acknowledge our weakness and we ask that you would help us to see you. Help us to see you rightly. Help us to see you as holy and as worthy. I'm gonna pivot this prayer to intercession for the lost, to intercession for prodigals, that they would receive a spirit of wisdom and revelation and the knowledge of him and the knowledge of Jesus. So I just invite you to stand as we go into a time of intercession. King Jesus, we come before you, we come before you and we lift up the prodigals to you, Lord, those that are far from you, those that don't see you rightly, they don't see you as holy, they don't see you as worthy. And we ask, Lord, that by your spirit, according to your heart for them, that you would give them a spirit of wisdom and revelation and the knowledge of Jesus. God, would you encounter them by your spirit? Would you grip their hearts? Would they see you as a loving, tender hearted, but mighty and powerful God? But even those who aren't just wandering but that are actively against you, Lord, would you encounter them? Come to them in the night in dreams and in visions. Lord, send people to share the gospel with them and would it hit differently? Would it strike their hearts? Holy Spirit, by whatever means necessary, would you captivate hearts with a spirit of wisdom and revelation and the knowledge of Jesus? It's only by your spirit, Lord, our labors are labors in vain without you. We need your help, God. It's your will we're partnering with. You aren't partnering with our will. God, it's on your heart to save your children. It's on your heart to have prodigal's return, Lord. So we just come before you and in Jesus' name, we ask that you would give a spirit of wisdom and revelation and the knowledge of Jesus to those that are lost today. Reminded of the parable of the lost son, parable of the prodigal son in Luke 15. When his son had gone and wasted his inheritance and had left his father's house, found himself sleeping with pigs, he returned thinking maybe he could just be a servant at his father's house. He expects anger, he expects rejection from his father, but we see in the parable a loving father who is excited to have his son home that doesn't wait for him to get there, but that runs and meets him and puts his best robe on him and calls a celebration. And we also see the heart of the older brother, the one who was still in his father's house that as the father receives back his lost son, the older brother is bitter. And I just feel led to pray for us as the church that as the Lord pours out his spirit as he brings prodigal's home that we would not, that we would not be the older brother, but that we would join the father in receiving them home and in celebrating them returning. And so God, I pray for myself, I pray for us as the church, Lord, that we would not have the same pride as the older brother. Lord, would you humble us to partner with your heart and to receive these prodigals home? Lord, would you prepare us for the great returning of prodigals that is coming when you pour out your spirit? God, would you prepare our hearts to celebrate and to love to disciple those that you call back to you? Or would our own insecurities and our own pride not get in the way of the amazing work that you were doing by bringing them home? God, would we join you than you put in your robe on them? Will we join you in celebrating them? But because you will bring them home, God. You will pour out your spirit. And God, I just pray that you would prepare our hearts to receive them back to you, that we would not be judgmental of where they have been. Lord, that we would not judge their sin and forget ours. That we would not judge their sin, judge where they have been and forget where you have brought us from, Lord. But every one of us has a story of how you stepped in and saved us and changed our lives and we not forget that as prodigals start returning home. Would you prepare our hearts, God? Tilt up the soil in our hearts that may be hardened against them. Soften them, Lord. To receive home our brothers and sisters in Christ, would we celebrate them? Would we celebrate them as they come home, God? In Jesus' name, God, soften our hearts towards prodigals, prepare us, Lord. Prepare us for their return. Sing this out. Good are coming home. Call them by name. Prop aside. Your children are coming home. I'm gonna continue in this vein, praying for prodigals. We're gonna switch over to 2nd Thessalonians, chapter 3.  I want you to picture them in their home, whatever city they're in, whether it's down the road, whether it's in your own home, or whether it's in another state or country. Picture that family member in their home this morning. Maybe they've already gotten ready for work or whatever it may be. But we're gonna pray 2nd Thessalonians 3. Just pray for us that the word of the Lord, they speed ahead or would let it run swiftly and be honored, let it be glorified as happened among you, that we be delivered from evil. As we pray this, as we think of how the Lord has encountered our hearts, how the Lord, his word has run in swiftly, how it has pierced our hearts with truth as it was honored and glorified among us. We pray for that encounter right now for those prodigals, for our mothers and fathers, our brothers and sisters. We, I ask that you, your word, oh Lord, would run swiftly into their city, into their front door. Would you kick down their door? Would you burst in? And would you encounter them right now? We ask for dreams, visions, words. We ask for wisdom, revelation. We ask for deception to be broken down. We ask for fear to be dismantled. And we ask for the word, the truth, the life of God to take place and build an altar into their home. God, we ask that you would call them forth by name, that you would remind them of the history that you've had with them, that you would encounter their hearts. So we ask right now, in the name of Jesus, would you call them home? Would you call them home? Would you call them by name and let your word run swiftly in Jesus' name? And right now, say their name out loud. Pray for them. Let it go forth in their heart, idols in the home. And we say, yes, this is what you want to do. Your heart is for the lost. Your heart is for the prodigals.  You are embracing the messiness. You are embracing the heart to win their hearts over to you. So we stand in the gap and we pray for them by name, in your powerful and wonderful name, Jesus. Amen, and amen. Thank you for joining us this morning here, the Radiant City Center and online. We're gonna continue to be praying on this whole week. Warning new tonight, lifting up the song of the Lord and agreeing with what's on his heart. So continue to join us, 8 a.m. online or here in person downtown Kalamazoo. Thank you, God bless.


What's up everybody, it's Jason here with JasperJasperCaseBricks.com 2019-20 Pinini Spectre basketball It's a two box break round number block number six just sold out and again number seven has already been posted They're already down to eight, but just to show you guys out on description page This is break number six the way it works. There are 10 total spots in this format Everybody gets a random number from zero through nine and as an example if you get number three block You'll get all hits with three being the first number next to the dash on the left side of the dash So for example if the Blazers hit 243 out of 299 zero number card that'll go to three 13 out of 99 3 out of 25 43 out of 49 Etc. Etc. That'll go to the number three block over down the cars go to spot zero If even if we know it's a one-on-one it'll still go to spot zero and if the card is unnumbered It'll be randomized at the end of the break in one lot So there'll be some unnumbered base cards that'll be randomized in one lot So somebody will get a little extra something at the end there was this break number six So let's roll the dice and we got a four and a three seven times from Kevin down to Alex one Two three four five Six seven Marcel Down to Alex Seven times zero through nine one two three four five six Seven three done eight Mars out of the three Sean with six Robert with seven Travis with nine Kevin with zero Robert you have five Travis s with two Seth with four Leonard you have one any one-on-ones will be yours and Alex with zero I think Kevin Mendoza you have zero so any redemptions Brandon for what you can email us and I'll see if Sean can give you a price All right, I guess Travel the clothes. It looks like nobody wants to trade. All right two box breaks guys. So these all say random number block So they buy it into two boxes. Those will be one break. This will be one break. This will be one break We're all a die Again one two for this side three four for this one five six for the right side That's a five. So one two three four five six All right good luck Random number vlog us tonight I call our column sextant and then for this one. It's 56 So spot six which is Sean and gets that one and we got Kevin Johnson three out of 49 Spot three going in Marcel we got Bowl Bowl of 49 seven out of 49 And a Robert P John Collins six out of 25 Sean with Allen 95 out of 99 call guy Five went to Robert RJ Barrett. It's a little image variation. You got Thaddeus young for the Bulls One out of 25 Leonard with spot one Elia sova to 99 53 3 going on ourself. All right next box Got another one's in the store. We're gonna run back and a Jackson Hayes image variation We got a little dip it here and it's Carl Malone Which these are seven out of eight seven going to Robert there with the MVP trophy From 96 97 It's very nice, and then we got a Shaquille O'Neal That's 30 out of 99. So zero going to Kevin votes of hits here We got to 99 Marcus can be radiant autographs and That is 98 out of 99 Alex last fall module and we got a 49 Darius Basley whoa Look at that autographed it in the jersey and on the card little double double autograph module there That's 46 out of 49 spot six going to Sean. All right the last two packs Buddy you 25 99 and buddy you little all right. Good luck. That's out of 25 17 out of 25 autographed Keldon Johnson 7 going to Robert and the last hit Is a Chris Bosch 25 out of 49 Autograph five going to Robert. All right you guys and there you go. That was a two box break of spectra basketball again You roll the hits that were numbered So I went out to the right Customer there and then the unnumbered cards Will all be randomized in one lot so you get a couple image variations RJ and Jackson Hayes one silver Two silvers actually there. So all this is gonna go to one customer guys. Everybody has their first shot at it Good luck. Let's roll it here Five and one six times. Good luck number one gets it one two three four five and six After six times Goes to Sean and there you go man. There you go guys. Appreciate it next one in the store. Jasper's case breaks calm


Welcome back. Welcome back. This is still Y-Morning here on Y-254, the hottest breakfast show in town. So we are on to our first conversation of the day and it's all about career and today we're talking about the mindset. Yes, so if you want to take part in this discussion the hashtag to use is Y-Morning at Y-254 channel and I am joined with an expert with me here is Nangami Masaha. The name is a bit hard for me to pronounce. She is a mentor, a corporate trainer and public speaker. Nangami, thank you for joining us. It's my distinguished honor to be here. Thank you for having me. Welcome. So tell us a bit about who you are and what you do. Who am I? That's a very difficult question. I think a lot that you've asked who am I, I'm going to go into rather the philosophical aspects of it. Who am I? I believe that I'm just a piece of consciousness, some awareness and that has been here, I observe, I adjust and I react. That is who I am. But what I do, like you mentioned, I'm a corporate trainer, I'm a public speaker and that's what I do. But in terms of who I am, I am just a piece of consciousness just moving about the planet. And I believe you're passionate about the youth. Ah, indeed I am, yes. Why the youth? I believe that I was one, okay I'm still young but now that I'm on the third floor I'm tempted to imagine that I'm quite old. But I'm very much passionate about the youth because I have been through experiences, I have encountered things in life that I believe would be quite interesting for the youth to come to understand or for them to learn from inside of us. You know, it is said that sometimes you have to stand on the shoulders of giants. I have stood on the shoulders of giants and I believe that I could also be a giant on whose shoulders other youth can stand and probably learn from me one or two, three things that I have learned and just dish it out. Amazing, amazing. So let's begin talking about the mindset. Sure. What about the mindset? What's so unique about having a positive mindset? Mindset is everything because I don't think anybody can get in life if you have the wrong mindset. Because in the mindset, actually mindset simply puts is the philosophy of life. It's your view on life, what you what you believe life is and the two types of mindsets. There's the fixed mindset and there's the growth mindset. Those are the two things in the mindset and the fixed mindset is what is ubiquitous with most most young people. This is the mindset that is pervasive in most young people. This is where you believe that I have talent that therefore I'm a natural. I don't have to put in much effort. I don't have to do quite much because I'm endowed and effort is for the people that are that are less endowed. So I really don't have to do anything because I'm smart. I'm intelligent. I got it. I have made a start.  The people in the fixed mindset believe like that. But then there's the other aspect of the fixed mindset where you believe, oh my goodness talent is everything. I lack talent. Therefore I'm nothing.  Now the antithesis of it, which is the growth mindset, which is now different from all the shenanigans that is happening in the fixed mindset, is believing that yes talent is everything but mindset trumps talent. So in the growth mindset you believe that talent is king but mindset is King Kong. That is the beautiful thing about being in the growth mindset. So you believe that yes I have the talent but for me to go the extra mile I really have to put in the effort and I believe that is where most people are supposed to be in the growth mindset because in the fixed mindset you have people like musicians, even footballers who come to the fore. They do quite impeccable works and then they disappear. Why? Because they think but I've always been smart. I've always been good. How come I'm not stopping the leads? I'm not stopping the charts? It's because they believe I really don't have to do much. I'm God's gift to mankind. I'm a natural. Yes, I'm a natural. This is how things are supposed to be done and where you're supposed to put yourself is in the growth mindset and something else about being in the fixed mindset is where you believe that failure is not an option and I believe this is a platitude that has been put out there a couple of times which is very wrong. Failure is an option. It is an option. It is an option. People say that failure is not an option. Failure is an option. The moment you get into something, when you want to do something, especially for the first time, it's a guarantee that you're going to fail.  You're going to be so bad at it that you're going to almost hate yourself for it. Yes, you're going to give up because it's the first time you're doing something and failure is going to be part of the process. So that's the beautiful thing about being in the growth mindset. You're not bothered by failure. If anything, you like a challenge.  Yes, you keep on doing it. You keep on doing it over and over again until you become so good at it. So how does one come from the fixed mindset which you said is not quite positive? So how does one come out of the fixed mindset? You really have to do the work on yourself and self-awareness is important, which this is where personal development comes in, because you have to understand where you are. Now, just to take you back probably in terms of my own life journey and why I became so interested in the youth, because my 20s, like I mentioned, I'm in the third floor, so you can understand that I'm quite, I consider myself a dinosaur. So I'm thinking that I'm a Neanderthal. So I'm thinking that there's something I can teach the youth. So in my 20s, I was a bit mediocre in the way I did my things. And I got pregnant early on in life, not early on. Actually, I was 21 when I got pregnant. I was a second year at the university. So there's really nothing much right for me about myself. So I struggled through college because despite the fact that my parents were supporting me through it, it wasn't the best condition to bring up a child. So I got into the mindset of just the struggle and struggle became a part of me. So I figured, ah, I just want, if I was in the West, this would, this is what I'd have in mind.  Yeah, that's enough. That's all I want to have. And then 2018 happened. This is when I hit rock bottom. I had lost my job because I was working in Mumbasa in a logistic company. And then the company folded and they went to Western. So I was left in Mumbasa. I didn't have anything to do.  So I was his caregiver. I don't have a job. His bedridden is supposed to take care of him like the entire time 24, 7 a day. I can't get out of the house. Having a house help was, and it was quite expensive for me to even just say I can have a help so that I can go out there and hustle. So what happened is that the bills kept on racking up now. I kept on having a pile of bills and of course like the quintessential struggle story. I couldn't, I wasn't able to like take care of myself. So I was kicked out of the house with my son. But here's the beautiful thing about this story, which makes it a bit, a bit much better for me was that before I was kicked out of my house, the caretaker was a very nice gentleman. So he came and told me, you know what, you have arayas for two months. Your bills have piled up for two months. So what you're going to do, we're supposed to come and kick you out of the house on Friday. But I don't want to humiliate you. I don't want to embarrass you. So kindly just do me a favor. Just leave the house before done.  So I said, thank you so much for the, for the heads up. I'll leave before noon and I left and I just packed a small bag for myself and my son and I went to my cousin's and I went instead there. And so I figured I don't have money to come and pay the rent. So I called my father and I didn't tell him that I had arayas that had piled. So told him, I can't meet rent for this month. How about you just sort me out and he sent me the money I called the tenant, the caretaker and told him I have one month's rent. Can I pay and then because you have my deposit, I can't just come pick my stuff because I knew from that point on there's no way I was going to clear that bill. And I told my cousin, hey, you have a big house. She was staying in a two bedroom that time and her son had gone to boarding school. So I told her, you have a big house. I bought a ticket just come and help you, you know, around the house. Let me just come and stay with you because she's expectant. You are all alone. I can't keep your company.  It's only two weeks ago. That was a good strategy. Yes, it was only two weeks ago when she was at my place. She told me, you know, I figured there was something wrong with you. I just knew. I just, I just, because I told her, I told her, but then, you know, when I came to stay with this, because I had missed rent and she said, I knew there was something there. I knew it. Yeah, she knew it. And so I went, packed my stuff and came and stayed with her and ended up staying at her place for eight months. And she was very, I feel indebted to her because I don't think there's anybody who can take you in with a child for eight months, taking care of everything, literally everything, the bills, the rent, everything with food, when without ever asking, whether or not you're planning to leave. Yes. Oh, you're here for how long? Oh, could you please just pay the tokens? Like she took care of everything and I'm always, I'm forever indebted to her. Hi, Lucy. Yes, so that was my story. So during that time, in those eight months, without a job, I was barely surviving and I was just surviving off my cousins. That is the time now where I figured I want to do something different because I'm a trained financial and investment analyst, but I didn't feel like I had it in me to, you know, be corporates. Just be good, be good. How should I put it? Work with the numbers. I'm good with numbers, but I don't think that is what I wanted to do. So in these eight months, it was a time for me to introspect and then find out what I wanted to do. So the beautiful thing about it, and I consider myself incredibly privileged, is that I had the eight months to now sit and decide what I wanted to do. So I decided to do public speaking. I said, I want to be a public speaker. I don't know what public speaking is all about, but I'm going to find out. Wow, you just knew this is it. This is what I want to do because I used to think, okay, most people would tell me that you have the gift of gab. So I said, if I have the gift of gab, then how about I get into something that is going to help me propel this gift that you people are saying I have, which is public speaking. In high school, I was in drama club or even primary school. So I always wanted to be before a camera, before people, before a stage, trying to either entertain, educate, or inspire. So I figured I can't go back to Nairobi. I don't have the money at this point to go to Nairobi and go to the National Theater. So let me try this thing of public speaking. And I had to start from zero. What is public speaking? Who are public speakers? How do you become a public speaker? And I realized it's not that easy. For you to be a public speaker, you need to understand the laws of speech. You need to be vast with that. You need to read a lot because you need to understand your subject matter. Because before you speak to a group of people, you need to be a subject matter expert. I don't want to come before a group of people and just blow, I'll just give them your hot air. You need to understand everything that you're doing. So I had to go back and read. I had to start reading about the things that I wanted to talk about. And this is, this had to take a period of time, but it was one step at a time. But in that moment, then I discovered myself. And that is why most of the time I love to reiterate the words of the beautiful and elegant, legendary J.K.L. Rowling. And she says that rock bottom is the foundation upon which she built her life. And I'm thinking, that speaks to me. Rock bottom is also the foundation upon which I built my life. You had to go to reach rock bottom for YouTube. Yes, for me to start rising. Because of course, once you hit rock bottom, the only way out is up. The only way is up. I love that. Okay. So from, you know, from your story, for someone, you know, going through something and some people don't take time, you know, sometimes life gets ahead of you and things are moving too fast. So is it okay to just stop, take a break for a while and then just introspect and then now start again? Yes. In fact, pause is a very beautiful aspect. It's a very beautiful, I think it's a skill that everybody should master.   My tummy life is going to give me a break. No, it won't. It's going to come at you every step of the way. So you have to pause, you have to take time and find out what is going to work for you. Because if you don't pause, you might just end up just going through life and going through emotions.  You're in something you despise, something you deeply appalled and you don't know where time went. So you have to pause and find out what is it that you really want to do. And just sit it out and wait. The beautiful thing about to pause is what we saw with the pandemic. All of us were forced to pause. To pause. Yes, all of us were forced to pause and think and to strategize and to structure life, which was a beautiful thing. Because now moving forward, moving forward, we've seen what has happened now and we have approached life differently. So I think pause is a beautiful skill to master. Amazing. I'm loving it. So we'll just take a short break and then we'll be back, you know, to get into details on Marta's mindset. So don't go too far. We take a short musical break. We'll be right back. Martín. Welcome back again. Thank you for staying with us. If you're just joining, we are talking about the mindset and we are joined by Nangami Masaka, who is a public speaker to help us with this particular topic. Nangami, before we went, was still speaking on mindset and have told us about your story and you've told us the need to take a pause when we need to and we strategize and everything. Now I want to know, is there a difference between mindset and attitude? It's just the same thing. Most of the time, your mindset will determine your attitude. So attitude, I believe, is a consequence. It's a byproduct of the mindset. Because if you have the right mindset, then automatically you'll have the right attitude. Because in life, the first thing you're supposed to do, you think first. Actually, you don't think first. You see what you want to see and then you, no, I think I'm getting this wrong.    And then your attitude thereabout will be a nasty attitude towards them. So it first starts with the mind because everything is coordinated from here, from the mind. So you need to have the right mindset. And then you see what you want to become. You have to see it. It has to be visible to you. It has to be clear. You have to be clear about where you want to go. And then you become it.  Then I can believe it or then I can see it. You have to think it, you see it and then you believe it. So your mindset will determine your attitude. And this is something that was very beautiful if you had to go back. For those of you who are historians or for those of you who've studied a little bit of history, you know that the men, the toughest men in battle. And I want to refer to Julia Caesar and Cortez. So Julia Caesar, when he was landing on the shores of England, what they did or what he did with his men is that they burnt the ships.  And with his men, he shows them the tongues of fire that are just engulfing the ships. And he shows them and he says, it's either we win or we perish. There's no going back. There's no retreat. And this is something that Cortez did when he got to Aztec. And he went to annihilate or decimate the government of like historians, Montezuma, people who know Cortez and Montezuma and what happened. Cortez went to Aztec and he went about taking the entire nation and conquering it. So Cortez did the same thing. When they go to the shore, they burnt the ships. So when you burn the ships, the soldiers knew there's no going back. There's no retreat. There's no surrender to do or die. We either win or we perish. So that's the kind of attitude. Now they went to war, knowing that we can't go back. Our ships have been destroyed. So we are here to win. So if you have that mindset of there's no retreat, no surrender, you understand that either I win or I perish. Now you have the right attitude. So that's the right way to set your mindset? Your mindset. You win or you win? Yes. Actually, because you don't want to perish. I don't believe there's anybody that wants to perish. Yes, no one wants to perish. And this is something that I love. I think I'm a huge proponent of the learned mindsets. And of course I'm female, so I'm allowed to be biased. The learnedest mindset. Because the lion is fierce. The lion is incredibly fierce. But when you look at the lion, he doesn't have any superior advantages to any other animal. But the lion is fierce in the mindset. Because we have been told a couple of times that the lion will never eat grass, come rain, come sunshine. And when the lion arises in the morning, they say that in Africa, there's a white man who came to Africa and said that it's in the morning, the gazelle wakes up and he knows it has to run. And the lion knows it only has to run as fast as the slowest gazelle. That's it. So when the lion wakes up in the morning, and the gazelle, when the animals, the lion and gazelle wakes up in the morning, they know they have to run. Either way, you run. You run. Yes. So when you have the fierce mindset, when you have that sort of mindset, then it detects your attitude.  Because sometimes there's a beautiful poem by a guy called Rudyard Kipling. It's called If. And there's a line that I love. And it says that if it's if in fact, is a poem, he's writing the poem to his son. And he's telling him how there are very many aspects in life that can make him a man. And he says that if you encounter defeats and triumph, and you treat both impostors just the same, then you, my son, are a man. That means that if you meet triumph and disaster, these are impostors, they're not you. Your success is not you.  So most people want to be defined by their successes. But their failures, you take a big blow. It's like, oh, we're going to have a failure. You become, you either a success or a failure.  So then who would you say you are if you're not your success, if you're not your failure? So how should one define themselves? You have to define yourself now by by you and you need to have a value system. You need to have a value system. Who are you? You need to be resilient. I'm resilient. And I am strong. I'm kind. I'm compassionate. I embody integrity. Those are some of the things that you need to have.  At the end of the day, I have integrity. I failed, yes, but I have integrity. I failed, yes, but I have resilience. And which, in fact, the story of resilience, break bit to something. I don't know if you can give the time. Yes. In 1980, 1980, in the United States. I love history because I love what Steve Jobs loves to say. We live life forward, but we connect the dots backward. So you have to see where you came from and why things are the way they are. And this is, of course, your audience is young people, so I want, this is something that probably they will resonate with. In 1980, in the United States, there's something called the self-esteem movement. So very genuine, very noble cause. It was initiated by parents and teachers because they wanted to empower their kids. Any other self-esteem is all about personal value and self-worth. So they wanted to empower their kids so that they can have a very high value of themselves. If you have a higher esteem, it means that you value yourself more. If you have a low self-esteem, it means that you don't like yourself that much. That means that you have a low self-esteem. You have low value for yourself. So they figured, okay, the best way, in fact, the fact that it was a very noble movement, it was a very noble idea. The execution was incredibly flawed and it was erratic in terms of execution and in terms of the techniques. So here's the thing. They said, okay, we are going to shower the kids with rewards and with praises just for attempting. If you are numberless, you're told, ah, but you tried. You're very good. If you played, it doesn't matter whether the key was off, you're told, ah, but you're the next Mozart. You're the next Beethoven. Don't worry, you're good. So they would reward them for anything, for the bare minimum, for the bare minimum in mediocrity. And then 10 years later, after now, these kids have left the school system and they were outside now in the real life. They were incredibly sensitive and because they did not, they were sheltered from criticism and adverse consequences because they don't know how to take in criticism.  You've gone through life knowing that you were Mozart, that you're Beethoven.  They tell you, you're not as good as you think.  Your music is horrible. You work. And most of them would fall. Most of them would just, they would fall apart because they, what? What are you saying? I'm Mozart. I'm Beethoven. I am good. So it ended up being a flawed concept because now most people went through life, especially the young people, they went through life thinking that self-esteem is all about pumping yourself with good vibes and positivity all about you. And so the counts are narrative for it or the antithesis for it. The antidote, I should I say, was resilience.  It doesn't matter the criticism that you face. If anything, criticism is important because it makes you stronger and it builds your temerity. It builds your metal. You become better at doing the things that you want to do. So for instance, if you played the key wrongly, you're told, okay, just learn the key. Just learn how to play key. See, that is what you're supposed to learn. Don't bother about being Mozart. Don't bother about being Beethoven. You're just going to do it. Or when you draw, your child draws, for instance, or when you're young, just focus on the eyes and focus on the lips and focus on the nose. Don't focus about, oh my goodness, this drawing is horrible. I'm not Picasso. I am not Michelangelo Edivore. I can't do this, you know. And yes, because most of them are told, ah, this is great. This is amazing. This is Picasso material. You're the next Picasso.  Oh my goodness, I'm not Picasso after all. Because your reality has really come down on you. Yes.  Somebody has told you, you're not as good enough. You don't measure up as you thought. But somebody who has resilience, you persevere through the adversity to the criticism and just know I need to get the eyes right, which is very important even as a young person when you go through life. You don't measure yourself with the goal or with the result, the end product. You have to measure yourself or you have to equip yourself in terms of the process. Okay. Let's take it back to the young people in high school. I'm thinking most of them have left high school. You're told, ah, you got 90 percent. You're smart. You're intelligent. You're bright. You're brilliant. Wrong. What you're supposed to do is tell them, ah, you got 90 percent. You must have worked hard to get 90 percent. You must have done your remedials. You must have. So they know that. Yes. You must have faster to the teacher. Yes.  I got 90 percent because I worked hard. No, because I'm intelligent. Not because I'm intelligent. Yes. Because what if you're given a test that is difficult and you can't do it because I don't think there's anybody who has the monopoly of knowledge or wisdom. Nobody has the, nobody's a purveyor of wisdom.  There's a time where you get a score that is 60 percent. So does that mean that you're no longer smart? No, it doesn't mean that. Yes. So the focus should be, shouldn't be on the end product that you're brilliant and you're smart in this one word term, these generic terms that you have for people. It's supposed to strictly be on the process. Yes. Oh, you got 60 percent next time you do better. So it's encouraging. You understand that, okay, I didn't do better last time. This has nothing to do with me. Just has everything to do with effort that maybe next time I'm going to put in effort. Okay. I applied for a position. Maybe the email I sent wasn't good enough. Maybe I just haven't mastered the art of CV writing. Maybe my letter heads aren't good enough if you're running a business or whatever and clients aren't coming to your door. You understand, okay, let me run. Let me learn. Let me try to see how I'm going to up my game and become better. So you say that's the mindset. So nothing faces you really. You just understand this is a challenge and I'm going to do my best to make sure that I come the other side and scared. And if I'm scared, however, I have, I bear the scars of war, but it just means that I'm going to be a better individual for it. Yes.  So how do they work against this, you know, to still have a positive mindset? That's a brilliant question because, you know, they say that we are products of our environment. And that is where self awareness has to come in. You have to understand where you're coming from and you have to take responsibility for this life. Unfortunately, nothing comes for free. You have to pay a price, they sacrifice, there's a cost for anything. Everything has a cost. And you understand your environment.  And there are those who know that they come from limiting environments. You can see that you come from a limiting environment. You can tell that your environment was toxic. You can tell that your environment was limited in terms of resources. So you can tell. And we're living in the 21st century where information is at the palm of our hands. So you don't have an excuse as to why you don't have the information that you need. You know, if it was our parents, then we would say, yeah, they didn't have the knowledge, they didn't have the books. But today we have everything. So personal development, that's why it's called personal development. It's personal. You have to take the initiative to say my environment is limiting, but I'm going to get myself out of this. Because in history, all through history, we've seen men and women who have reason to be captains of industry. And yet they had nothing to write home about in terms of the environment and where they came from, but they had to pull themselves from the pits of hell from where they were in. So this is, it's a very personal journey. You have to understand where you are. And the problem with environment is that most people conform. Most people, yes, most people conform because, okay, in my environment, people never went to school. Where I come from, people don't aspire for more. Where I come from, people don't do this. Where I come from, people don't do that. Where I come from, people don't travel abroad. People don't even dream, don't dare to dream. And you conform. And this is a very interesting, it's a very interesting psychological experiment. One that was, let me also just cast a historical lens on this one. Let me just cast a historical lens on this one. So in 1981, there's a psychologist called Solomon Ash. For those people who are in psychology class, you know Solomon Ash. So Solomon Ash came up with this experiment. It's called the theory of conformity. So he brings confederates into a room and he tells them, hi, these confederates, of course, they're part of the experiment, but they are participants who don't know that. So assuming that I am part of the participants and I'm brought into a room. And so Solomon Ash has a blackboard here. So for the second argument, let's just assume that there are four lines. And then the fifth one, the four lines are similar in terms of length and probably size. But the fifth one is slightly longer. And so one person comes in. So the confederates are like 10. So they come in one by one and they say, those lines are similar. The four lines and the fifth line are similar. First, second, up until the 10th, the 10th person, they come in and they say those lines are similar. So they leave the room and then the experimenter asks the participant, what do you think? What is your opinion regarding those lines? And I kid you not, every single time people said those lines are the same, despite the fact that there's overwhelming evidence to suggest that the fifth line was nowhere close to the length of the four lines. Yes, people conformed. People said, because it is very difficult for most people to stand their ground. Most people don't have the spine to say, to have their own opinions and say, I'm sorry, but the fifth line is different. I kid you, most people, 24%, only 24% of the people in the experiment did not conform. That goes to show you that the majority conformed. This means that in society people are willing to change their thoughts, their ideas, their belief systems, their values to match that of the group. And that is why the people who have gone to do marvelous things in society are not, they are considered crazy. They are not part of society. And they say that society is just nothing but normalized average, a system of normalized averages. These are people, you do the average thing. Most of you just do basically the same thing. So the people who go on to do extraordinary things are considered outliers. We call them outliers because they don't play to the whims of society. So when you conform, especially as a result of the environment, most people conform because I have seen people do this. I have seen people in my family. We are teachers. So we're just going to be teachers. We have done it by family people, accountants. We don't do anything else. That's just us. That's what we do. In our family, we don't do ads. We don't do the creatives. We don't do none of that. We just play ball. And that is very dangerous, especially for somebody who thinks that they have something else to offer and something else to give. It ends up stifling your creativity. And the person probably that you, yes, the person that you're meant to become. Okay. So now you've at least shed light to what we can do to curb the environment and everything. So now once you have a positive mindset, is it enough to have a positive mindset and just leave it there or is there something that you need to do extra? The beautiful thing about, in fact, that's a beautiful question because people have a great mindset. But when the rubber meets the road, that's when everybody else now just scatters. People go their separate ways because what you're supposed to do is execute. You have the growth mindset. You know that effort is everything. Because I know that most people have ideas. People have ideas. We don't have a short supply when it comes to ideas. People have ideas. But people don't, yeah, people are very creative. People have, you know, I can sit here and say, but they have an idea about this room. We can do this. We can do this and we can do that. And then I live. You do nothing about it. I don't write an email to whoever is in charge of this place. I don't do anything to suggest that, okay, I'm going to come with my own concepts of what I'm going to do and see how we're going to send to change the structure here. Just have this idea and then I go home. Or I tell you, but they have an idea about what you're supposed to do. How about you get into business and then we do something and I go home and I sleep over it and I never wake up from it. I just sleep over it and continue sleeping over it. You sleep over it. Yes, until the end of time. I never wake up to do anything. So execution is very important. You have to act. You have to act. And the problem with most people and most young people, the reason why we don't act is because we're waiting for perfect conditions. I'm waiting for a mentor. I'm waiting for resources. I'm waiting for the perfect time before I can start, before I can do this. Most of the time we just start. I started. I'm nowhere close to where I want to go. But you started. But I started by looking for public speaking. What is public speaking? And that took me time because I figured this is not something that I want to do. I don't think I have the ability or the capacity to start before people and speak and say anything. Who wants to listen to me? I don't think I have anything meaningful that somebody would listen to let alone pay top dollar for it. I didn't think that was possible, but I had to start from somewhere. And then, yes, and then here I am. And then how to look at the mentors in the industry. If we get over, oh my goodness, all these people are bougie. They have done their time. People have 15 years to their belt. You're looking at public speakers. You're told Tony Robbins. You're thinking, Tony Robbins, I have no much to Tony Robbins. Who am I in Africa and a woman black in a hard world country? But the beautiful thing about dreams is that your dream is supposed to scare you. It's supposed to scare everybody around you. If it doesn't scare you, then it's not big enough. It's supposed to scare you so that you know that, especially when you go through life, there are some dreams that are supposed to be unattainable so that it becomes a constant pursuit. It becomes a constant pursuit. You're always pursuing it. You know that. I may never be Einstein, but I'll be a good physicist. No doubt about that. I'll be a good physicist, but I may never be Einstein. So if you say that you want to be Einstein smart, that may be aiming too high, but chances are Einstein is here, you get here. That's good enough. Yeah, and you did the best. And they say, you should aim to be better than you were yesterday. You're only competitor. Sure. So how important is that as we come to a close in this conversation? Mm-hmm.  The beautiful thing about, in fact, that is a very important question, even as we wrap up, maybe this is something, if they forget everything else, probably they should remember this, that comparison is the number one killer or stealer of joy.  Yeah. And when you compare yourself, there's a high chance that you'd want to compete because I am looking at you and what you're doing and I'm comparing myself to you. Oh my goodness, she's young. She's eloquent. She's exceptionally beautiful. I love the class. I love the touch of brilliance that she has. And I want to compare myself to, when I compare myself to you, that means that I'll have to compete. So I'll structure my life to look like yours. And the beautiful thing or the worst thing about it is that I can do a great impersonation of you, but I can never be you. There's only one you. There's only one Nangami. You can aspire to be like Nangami. You can aspire to be like Steve, but you can never be them. And the beautiful thing about it also is that it's because of authenticity.   And that is why people come to you specifically because there's something about you that is special to you. There's a gift that has been bestowed upon you by the heavens, by the universe, by God, whichever proclivity you believe in that is specific to you. And you have to ascend to that place of talent and gift. And you have to give it your best. And you have to understand that you are the personification of divinity. You are the personification of divinity. Never forget that. Human beings. When you look at human beings and the universe, this is how you see God. This is how we see God. The universe, the cosmos, and the way it is. So you have to understand. You have to understand that when you look at it, you have to understand that then the reason why you're here, it is to serve humanity, serving a purpose that is more than yourself. So when you, when you withdraw inwards or when you just go back inwards to find out who you are, you'll find it. The answer is there. You'll find it. Amazing. There's no better place to end this. The last one that you've just mentioned. Finally, just tell people where they can find you, if someone wants to reach you. And if anyone wants to take anything from this, what would you want that to be? This is your camera. My social media, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube. That's my name. And please go follow, leave a comment. I'd really love to hear from you. And your feedback, by the way, your feedback is critical to me. It's very important. I'd want to think what you think about everything. And my tech home is this. Just believe in yourself. It's a platitude. No, it's cliche. It has been said over and over again, but just believe in yourself, because you have to believe in yourself before anybody can believe in you. And this is something that I was, it's something that I said, I was somewhere else over the weekend, and I would want to reiterate what I said. Kasha's clay, aka Muhammad Ali, believed in himself, called himself the greatest of all time way before everybody else could, everybody else knew who Muhammad Ali was. He believed himself, called himself the greatest of all time. In fact, I am implied to believe that he's the one who coined the first God, the greatest of all time, was the greatest boxer. And he believed himself way before anybody believed in who he was. So just, just believe in yourself. It's my tech home. Thank you very much, Nangami. That was incredible. We hope to have you again. Thank you for having me. And I hope to be here again. Yes, we love to have you. So that has been Nangami Masakashi, a mentor, a corporate trainer, and a public speaker talking to us about mindset. I know you have taken something from this. If not, just believe in yourself. That has been our, you know, our final word on this. So how about we take a short break and then drama Goko will be coming on board with youth and politics.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following question which says, A farmer buys a used tractor for Rs 12,000. He pays Rs 6,000 cash and agrees to pay the balance in annual installments of Rs 500 plus 12% interest on the unpaid amount. How much will the tractor cost him? Let's now begin with the solution and total cost of used tractor is equal to Rs 12,000 and he pays Rs 6,000 cash, so cash down payment is equal to Rs 6,000. Therefore, amount to be paid in installments is equal to Rs 12,000 minus Rs 6,000 which is equal to Rs 6,000. Therefore, amount to be paid in installments is equal to Rs 6,000. Now let us find the first instalment paid by him which is equal to Rs 500% on the unpaid amount and the unpaid amount which is to be paid in installments is Rs 6,000. So, 12% of Rs 6,000, so this is equal to Rs 500 plus 12 upon 100 into 6,000 which is further equal to Rs 500 plus 720. So, this is equal to Rs 1200, 20. Therefore, the first instalment is of Rs 1200, 20. Now, let us find the second instalment equal to Rs 500 plus 12% of the unpaid amount which is Rs 5,500. Since after paying Rs 500, we will subtract Rs 6,000 minus Rs 500 to get the unpaid amount for the second instalment. This is equal to Rs 500 plus 12 upon 100 into Rs 5,500 which is further equal to Rs 500 plus Rs 660 which is further equal to Rs 1160. Now let us find the third instalment equal to Rs 100 plus 12% of the unpaid amount which we again get on subtracting Rs 500 from Rs 5,500 and that is Rs 5,000 which is further equal to Rs 500 plus 12 upon 100 into Rs 5,000 which is further equal to Rs 500 plus Rs 600 which is equal to Rs 1100. So, this is the third instalment and therefore, amount paid by the farmer instalments is equal to Rs 1220 plus Rs 1160 plus Rs 1100 plus so on and the number of instalments are 12 cents and multiplying 12 with Rs 500 we get Rs 6,000 which is the amount to be paid in instalments. Now, as we can see the instalments common AP whose first term that is denoted by A is 1220 and the common difference that is denoted by D is minus 60 and the sum of N terms of an AP is given by N upon 2 into 2 times of 8 plus N minus 1 into D. So, by using the sum of N terms of an AP let us find the sum of these instalments which are 12 in number. So, this will be equal to 12 upon 2 into 2 times of 1220 plus 12 minus 1 into minus 60 this is further equal to 26 or 12 6 into 2440 plus 11 into minus 60 which is further equal to 6 into 2440 minus 600 60 which is further equal to 6 into 1780 which we get on subtracting 660 from 2440 and this is equal to Rs 10,680 therefore, amount to the farmer for the tractor is equal to Rs 6,000 which he paid cash plus Rs 10,680 which he paid in instalments. So, this is equal to Rs 16,680. So, the total cost of the tractor which the farmer paid is Rs 1,600,680. So, this completes the session. Bye and take care.


Being a least developed country, Vanatu does not have the capacity to manufacture renewable energy equipment. But we will be planting trees as a weapon to fight climate change. I was just out on a mission to one of the islands and on Ambram there was a sea level rise. There was a village that was like 50 meters out before and now it's gone. The water has come in 50 meters inland. Forests will continue to play a vital role in many countries within the Asia Pacific region in contributing to national economic development, food security, employment and in supporting livelihoods in rural areas. Now Fiji, some of our villages, we have to relocate them and some yet to come. We need government, we need to relocate them. The climate change is real. It's real for Fiji.  So we may be hearing our voice in the media and in the international community reaching out and really fighting for a small island state.