Yeah, so next up is Enrico who will talk about the scientific computing workflow Hello Yeah, I'll join Enrico in commenting on the on the talk as well like we get some rapport Multiple views multiple eyes on the same issue Yeah so Enrico's screen is shared so There you go Yeah, so next up is Enrico and Simo and They're talking sort of the different tools and strategies for doing things like basically from your laptop to the largest clusters to sort of frame this in the In the big picture Okay Yeah, so and that's just briefly as a reminder for those who register in the email You also have this schedule and there you find for example the clickable links of the slides It's not really slides. It's like a webpage Where we collected some useful info as well as the hack and delete and whatever is useful and we will have a break at 1250 so that's enough you have 10 minutes for stretching your legs today Maybe it's a bit you know on one hand might feel a bit boring because there's not much coding today or running scripts on a cluster But we notice from previous year that these kind of introduction Setting the context for some people especially there. They're really they're really important because they just never had this basic basic training on on this topic So these slides that you find in the pace that I was just showing You know, it's it's the minimum that one should know about scientific computing Or even about just computing There is this funny xkcd comic. So this is I mean this this is about machine learning The guy saying this is your machine learning system. Yeah, you put the data here There's some formulas and then some some output comes out. And what if the answers are wrong? You just did it. I mean you can replace machine learning with any method used in any scientific field And and and basically that's it or at least that's that's the first approach at least I had the first approach That it's like I have a black box. I put some numbers inside. I get something. I hope that you know, they they are fine and I can get them published So this type of workflow is, you know, in in in any scientific at least in any quantitative scientific Scientific field we have we run some experiment or we make some simulations so that we produce some numbers the raw data and Then we might have some models because we invent models they to driven models Or maybe we have models from the literature hypothesis from the literature We crunch the numbers here and we get, you know, some tables be value devalues Maps whatever is significant in your field and then we you know, put them in figures into posters into papers We publish we repeat and then we that's it Enrico quick question. So often I get a feeling when when looking at Well, talk when people talking about scientific computing that people are only referring to these like models and only before Talking about these like how do you like let's say calculate some Matrix inverse or something like that you it's only about that But isn't this like everything here related to some of the computing like all parts of this flowchart Yeah, maybe I mean we were discussing this earlier I think I found one one definition on the scientific computing is the collection of tools techniques and theories to solve a compute To solve on a computer mathematical models of problems But I think that this day, maybe you know in recent years people talk about data science So at least with the tools we use and with how people use the tools it doesn't you know, it's not just about inverting matrices or Optimizing some existing algorithm to make it faster It really is you know in I would dare say that even people, you know Using excel to compute whatever the a t-test on a table It's it's scientific computing because yes, it's it's more about the like The process than necessarily the tools used to do the process. Yeah The process that allows you to basically process process some data that is in in this case used in a scientific context So This simple schematic here Kind of tries to answer the question. How does computing happen?  So this can be your laptop or your workstation And then on top of it you have the operating system And you interact with the operating system. Let's say with matlab with r etc so often I Okay, I say when we try to help people It's it we shouldn't give give give for granted that everyone knows what the cpu was a gpu. What's a ram? So here I collected some glossary from the amazing wikipedia, which is the source of knowledge for all the students and scientists in the planet, but But already like if you can think the cpu as like the where the computing happens Well, the operations the sums and whatever happens and the ram is this memory. So where you can keep In a in a in a in a physical space store, you know the numbers that you're working with so cpu and ram they're often Talking together and then I'm sure some some of you already using gpu and some of you would like to start learning gpu Basically the idea is that the architecture the hardware architecture is more parallel So the g stands for graphical processing unit because they kind of were started Coming out for for for processing the graphics for for fast graphics But now they used a lot also for computing and then what you have on top of the hardware is It's basically what you are what you are Already familiar with because most likely you're using a laptop or a desktop to do some Some computing some data science There's also like the question of the asst like over there like what's the difference between like in finish At least people especially from the olden days like in the 80s people are talking about Like moisty like they were talking about memory and and there's a difference between like this ram memory and this Hard drive space like well hard drives are going away sometimes on laptops. But what what is the difference? How would you formulate it? Yeah, that maybe if you think of this ram It's literally the numbers that you really need To access them fast because they need to be computed by the cpu because they need to Visualize them in a in a in a plot. The ssd is where you store the files I understand that even now with the with the newer generation the concept of file and file system starts to be difficult because if All you all you brought up with is just iPads and and things like that You you you don't see the files anymore. You don't see the file system But this is more like a A persistent storage that is still within the same hardware and here actually I didn't mention the cloud storage because Yes, this can be in a box that you physically can touch but you might have data that is stored somewhere else in your university on google drive or So that you know, you can plug external data and run it on your physical box But then as I will show you later Sometimes the physical box is limiting and then we we and this is why we're here Yeah, I would also like one analogy I would probably give them is that the ssd is that like if you have phone If you have a phone and then you have cpu that executes, let's say you run a firefox on facebook And I don't know messenger. What's up? You have run different applications on your phone and then you have they run on the cpus And the rum is that like when when your phone starts to get slow And you then you need to maybe reboot it or you need to close some applications That means that rum is usually running out because you're running too many stuff too much stuff at the same time And the ssd is the one that runs out when you Get another operating system update or you get too much photos on your phone or whatever And then you need to sync them to cloud or whatever like that is the storage for the applications Like when you need to install a new application and then it says that you don't have enough space then The ssd is that space that is like this kind of a storage space whereas the other space is The run is when the application is actually running and it needs to store the The valuables of the application So what do I need to make computing happen? Most likely you are already Touching right now a box whether it's a laptop or a workstation where you could already get something done You are able to run python or matlab or whatever But sometimes you need that you need a feeling that you need to scale up to a bigger system So often the perception that people have is that okay now I get access to an hbc cluster Suddenly i'm not limited by my laptop that only has two cpu's and whatever amount of rum Because now I can run my code on n cpu's maybe 100 cpu's The issue of course that people don't realize is that You know, I give you the example of pasta not not just because I'm Italian but If if it takes 10 minutes to cook a pasta if I have 10 pots It's not going to take me one minute to make the same pasta, you know So some things will always take 10 minutes even if even though I have 10 pots, you know So in practice some tasks are not ready To be parallelized as they are Simo will actually cover this more deeply and with practical examples on Friday on the parallelization But this is exactly when you you know, basically the most difficult question is understanding your computational needs Do you really need more cpu's? Do you really more need more rum? so In this part of the Of this course is basically knowing already that maybe what you need to do Doesn't require parallelization just requires long time because it cannot be parallelized and still HPc can be helpful because then it means that you can leave something running for five days on a remote system And you don't need to leave your laptop open for five days and nights hoping That you know that it doesn't melt in the in the meantime Yeah, I'd also add to this that like often like especially if you have recently, let's say bought a laptop or something like that You see like this all of all phone or whatever you see They're advertised based on like like this as 2.8 gigahertz processor and this has that and that's amount of ram and memory and And something like that You see these numbers that are like higher and you think that the higher numbers mean that everything is better But that's not what HPc is about Really, of course the numbers might be higher, but usually it's more about Like how do we make a lot of them a lot of these things discuss with each other more? So how how do we get more CPUs discussing with each other so that they can collaborate and do something together and how do you like Do this of course sometimes you just want bigger numbers, but in many cases if you actually need If you want speed you want to Or like more you want to let's say run Just your own model Like hundred times you you can you can use hundred pots to if you need to cook for the whole family You can use like 10 pots to cook for the whole family and you get the stuff done faster so so there's various different ways of of like Working with a lot more resources, but it's not only about like you get like a faster machine It's more about this communication and and this brings this problem that usually the Yeah, the user themselves needs to know how the program behaves Like can the program communicate? Can the program understand that? Okay? I need to do this part and the other Other part of the program needs to do other part and uh, this is like It's there's no one way of solving this Usually it's trial and error or reading a lot of documentation, but But usually it's This is the the kind of way that hbc works Yeah so Basically you are here most likely because you reach this stage to your computer It's not enough for your computing needs and you need to scale and so where can you go for doing that? I skip the text, but let's just focus on the picture This is kind of the graphical picture to That you can save in your head to understand where the computing happens with hbc or with whatever Remote computing you are basically here somewhere on the internet with your home connection laptop or desktop machine whatever you're doing there But sometimes it's not enough because you don't have enough resources because you don't want to leave your Your laptop on for seven days running matlab or python hoping that It doesn't crush is So then some people, you know, maybe you you belong to some department where you might tell your office Workstation and some departments some universities. They allow you to that you can basically connect From remote to the workstation and then maybe you have more power there. You can run things things better There are other tools that basically even to a web browser you can connect to Again, some some other books that often are called notes So some some physical machines and sometimes also virtual machines That would basically allow you to run your your code a very famous one.  So, you know, there's there's there's many ways of running computing without using your laptop anymore so that the computing can happen can happen every month But then also these services, you know, they might have limitations at alto and at elastic university We have a service called vdi which is like the virtual desktop interface I can give a demo if there's sometimes in the end It's basically that from the browser you can see a workstation in your university like at alto or elastic university And you can do the same thing that you would do in your remote workstation But also there there are There are limitations. They're not too powerful and they usually basically log you out after 24 hours So then comes the hbc cluster where usually there's an entry point The login node where you basically connect to this entry point And this is where we will test today at 3 p.m. That you're able to actually Enter this login node, but the login node is just an entry point for the actual cluster Because then there are many many many Other machines other pieces of hardware and then you basically need to say, okay, you know what I need A computer with 16 CPUs and I don't know 20 gig of RAM for five days You ask this from the login node and the login node sends you to some of these nodes here And now for five days you have this machine just for you where you can run your computing So in practice, this is you know for for day two for for For tomorrow and Friday, we will cover exactly this. How do you access the login node or you can you start accessing the individual node and all these differences of Stotted systems. Yeah, I'd give this kind of an analogy for this is that basically like let's say you you want to Create you want to buy it like a custom made table or something You can either like order it from from the nearby like like carpenter Who's like let's say like in this analogy that would be or a workstation in in like your office in altar You you go there and then you You work with you work there basically you work in the in the With the carpenter and you make the table or if you want to make like thousand tables You suddenly are like, okay. I cannot make it anymore in my local like computer I cannot make it in the local Local carpenter you put an order to china to make like some company in china to make your thousand tables And and for that you need to give them specifications You need to tell them what they need to do like the instructions What do you want them to do and they will do what what you have instructed them to do But they they will If you give them bad instructions, they will give you a table with five legs or something and and You need to you need to specify what what you want to order Basically, and this is the similar kind of way that the login node or some other system is is this kind of like a Like an ordering system basically where you go there and you specify that okay I want this amount of resources I want this computer and run these things for me and it will run it there and You will get your hopefully your table finished but basically it's this kind of like You move the the process of actually doing the stuff like what is the actual doing of stuff It's well, of course the main doing of stuff is that you write the instructions That is what you are actually doing But what is actually like somebody's to have to do the calculations And actually do the stuff and that is like computing and running some code and that can be like moved somewhere else And and in this kind of situation you want to move it inside this kind of a Big warehouse of computers where where the computers can just like do whatever you have instructed them to do and then Give you the answers back Yeah, this is a very good point another thing that I forgot to mention is that Sometimes it's also an issue with the data Maybe because the data is too big and there's no way that you can store it locally or maybe because also the data might be Sensitive that your university or wherever gave you the data They don't allow you to take the data out of this You know private network, which are basically these these blacks or white circles that you see. Yeah But in general, I mean understanding where the computing happens and what makes it happen happening It can give you a better idea of say, you know, yeah, actually, you know, what I really need 10 CPUs or maybe actually, you know, you need only one CPU But doing the same thing over the multiple workshop that that Sima was saying over over multiple nodes so as a We have a long collection of public resources here that people can Immediately get their computing done, you know, not not not just limited by your by your local machine But of course each service, especially the free ones, they might have other limitations Luckily, most of your year are part of some organization in Finland And also abroad because we also have people from outside Finland here And so you can always apply for access to this computing cluster in your organization or in the xcsc, for example So we still have A couple of minutes, I was briefly checking the HACMD and I'm glad that people like the BASTA analogy But it's really, you know, even like it it takes some time to understand parallelization and And I think I've seen many people disappointed when they moved their code From the laptop to one of these HPC system They actually felt that their code was slower in the HPC system and some of they're like, so what is the point? I went through all this effort but then you need to understand why is the code slower because maybe You know, you're not requesting for enough for enough resources or maybe the the tools that you're using in a laptop. They're not exactly the same version and Implementations that you might have in this HPC system. So Simo, do you want to add something else on to close this? Yeah, I would probably close it that like the the main things that I would hope you have gathered from this is that like basically Scientific computing is multitude of things. It's Partially like things that like organizing stuff and doing stuff like that that you need to like Handle yourself like in a sense that you need to keep track of how you need to choose how how you want to organize your stuff And how to get stuff done like whether you basically put your Tools when you're when you're doing your Computing but it's also this kind of like what kind of resources you have what kind of Like especially when you turned into remote usage like for HPC It's also this kind of like how do you What does the code actually use like what kind of tools it actually uses so basically like if you have a recipe For cooking and you need to cook like let's say the pasta for For whole whole Italian wedding. You need to cook pasta for the whole wedding You need to use the tools available in the kitchen where you're going to and and you need to choose the correct kitchen and correct Oh, you tell us some stuff like that So so basically if you if you book a kitchen you better be certain that there's enough pots for For the for the whole cooking process. So basically you need Like it's it's it's very there's lots of things that are going to come during the course as well about specifics How do you ask for different resources and stuff like that? But the main thing You hopefully gather is that like there is this kind of like Distinction between like all kinds of like Yeah, there's all kinds of like coding stuff and then there's what's actually been done with some Tools like some resource some actual machine somewhere is calculating it and this once you get this Like this kind of distinction that okay I want to cook pasta I can choose between different kinds of kitchens. I can choose between different kinds of utensils to do the cooking Then it's easier to choose. Okay. I like this needs this kind of a big pot. I will use this one so so But this kind of like separating this layer of layer In your mind it helps you a lot in the in the long run because that's how we usually perceive the thing that Like we try to separate. Okay. What's what's happening and where is it happening? And where can be quite nebulous when you're working across the internet? But but there's actually somewhere like cloud isn't in a cloud It's actually some machine room in hamina somewhere like for google Like there's no actual cloud where the data gets uploaded There's actual like somewhere somebody has to actually store the data or calculate something and once you get this kind of a distinction It helps you a lot along the way Excellent, I think we could have a break now. I don't know if it's 1 p.m But I see the people on hack md They got really inspired by this cooking metaphor somebody's writing that you prepare one sauce But then you can cook many different pastas. Yeah, hopefully you had lunch before the before the talk like This is exactly that, you know, that you realize that a part of the process You just need one cpu because you you can't really parallelize it just one sauce But then maybe you need you have three types of pasta that you run in three different machines All right, but if there's nothing to mention from the hack md, I won't follow it too much I think we could have a break and then We can resume at the 1 p.m sharp Anything to mention from hack md or I guess everything is being answered Okay Yeah, thanks


It is a helper library that would help any other application to encrypt or decrypt files. So, how did we get the inspiration to develop this library? Well, in my personal experience I have developed quite a few projects, enterprise level projects or banking applications where encryption of file is not the main motive of the project. The main motive is implementing some different business logic. But because of security concerns what happens is that the files that are stored on the device they need to be encrypted and not accessible to any other application or viewed by other users. So, developers developing these applications spend a lot of time implementing encryption on their application. So, we plan to develop this library and encrypt or decrypt content in a easy way for these applications. I like to state that UI was not the main motive. So, please forgive our user interface. Ok, going on. So, let us look at how we can encrypt files to our application. So, this is a file system. I want to support three modes. One is the asynchronous mode. The other is the synchronous mode and the third mode is the service mode. So, what do these modes mean? So, the asynchronous mode are library. What it does is that it spawns a background thread. In Android terms it uses an async task to encrypt or decrypt the file in the background. And it keeps on relaying the progress messages to the user or the client application. It is synchronous for the process that is written over there. So, in this mode the client can choose to implement his own thread. And our library doesn't take the liberty to spawn a new thread to do the encrypt or decrypt. And the third option is using a background service. So, what this option does is that it creates a background service. Now, many a times this happens is that an application is encrypting a file and the user suddenly closes the application. So, what happens is that that file gets corrupted. And when it comes to enterprise level applications that is not tolerable by the user. So, creation for developing this feature. So, what the service does is that until and unless the file is completely decrypted or encrypted. This service will keep on running in the background and complete its process before quitting. So, even if the application closes the service doesn't last and only then it closes. Ok. So, let's go and see. Let's encrypt it. It will be small. So, you will see. If you look at the logcat in his code. So, the library relays these progressives to its client application. And we just logged it here because we didn't get time to develop the UI or progressives. But you can see that the library is relaying the progressives to the client application. So, the client can track it. Now, we have used a sync operation to encrypt the service, sorry, the file. Now, let's use the service to decrypt it. For now what we have done is for encrypted files we just added this prefix of ENC. And if you look at decrypted files we have added a prefix of DEC. So, let's decrypt it using a service. We go on and decrypt the file. If you pull down the notification that the service is telling to the user that this service is currently running in the background and doing its stuff. If you go back and come back here and refresh the files itself. You will see that there is a decrypted file as well. I would like to state one problem that we faced when implementing the service. What happens is that Android has two types of services, one are bounded and one have started services. Started services are not bounded to the application. That is, they don't give any progress to the application. And they terminate on their own once they finish their task. And bounded services, they are bounded to the application. So, the problem here is that if the application closes, the bounded service also terminates. But that would not be solving a problem. We are trying to prevent documents from getting corrupted. So, we had to use a combination of both bounded services to make this happen. Let's try the hsync option. Let's try the third option. That is the hsync task option to increment to encrypt and decrypt this hsync file. In the file, let's see if there is a file system and decrypt it as well. Now, just to be sure that these are valid files, that the encrypted file is not readable by other applications and the decrypted files are readable. Let's pull them out to a different platform. And let's take, if you double click on that, and so it is asking us to select the file format. Now, if we look at the same document that has been decrypted, it is readable after decryption. So, the encryption and decryption is actually happening. Similarly, for the encrypted xls, whereas for the decrypted xls, you also see a preview on the icon. So, let's not waste time opening them. So, I would also like to take you through the architecture of the application a little bit. So, can you open that PNG preview? Preview of the application. Yeah. So, this is how the application architecture is. So, this is a client application. The application has only a single interface into our management, that is the crypto manager. The application will call a simple method of the crypto manager, if you can go to the code. What you should do is call this process method. There are two parameters at the configuration. Can you go to the configuration class? Now, in the configuration class, a client only needs to supply these five or six parameters. One is the operation, that is the encrypt or decrypt operation. What is to be performed on the file? The other is the process mode. As we saw, there are three processing modes. The service, nursing class, and synchronous. So, that process mode tells that. Then there is a listener interface. So, all the progress calls that are relayed back to the client are relayed to this particular reference. This cipher object tells the client all about the type of encryption that has to be performed, the padding to be used, etc, etc. So, let's go back to that. Now, what this crypto scheduler does is that, it lets the library make multiple document encrypts and decrypts and processes. So, basically we have maintained a hash map here, that would maintain references to all the operations that are in progress. Now, depending on the type of operation, it calls the respective handler, the service handler or the synchronous, all basically refer to one reference to the service, one reference to the actual nursing class, and ultimately they refer to the same classes for their actual encryption and decryption. So, that was all about the application. Also, I would like to share the GitHub link. This project is open, so anybody wants to contact me.


Welcome to the ITU studio, the World Telecommunications Development Conference in Kigali, Rwanda, where I'm very pleased to be joined in the studio today by Thomas Namanaskas, who's a representative of the Government of Lithuania. Thomas, welcome to the studio. Thank you very much Max, always a pleasure. So I'd just like to start off by asking you a little bit about connecting and digitally empowering. What are the key factors that are shaping our ability to connect and digitally empower everyone in your opinion? Thank you very much Max. There is some positive trends, there's some challenges and there are some opportunities. I think among the positive trends is that in recent years, I think in big part due to COVID, there's a big recognition of importance of connectivity and that's now recognized in Secretary General Sotomayor Guterresius, our common agenda, and also organizations like G20 and so on. Another positive trend is that in the last years, the financial market situations, the low interest rates, a lot of stimulus money, but also a lot of uncertainty market created, a lot of opportunities for investment in digital infrastructure, and the third positive trend is that you have new boom of new technologies, like low-ethobid, middle-ethobid satellites that can help connect the world. However, there are challenges. First of all, these investments in digital infrastructure are not equally distributed. They're still concentrating mostly in Europe, in North America, somewhat Latin America, but not other parts of the world really are not that well covered. Second is that the economic station is changing and actually there are some reports in the first quarter this year that the value deal in the telecoms market dropped by half because of really economic contraction and now actually a quantitative tightening rather than easing and rising interest rates, so we'll see what happens further. Third is that there are some issues where the industry is becoming somehow victim of its own success, because there are a lot of investments, sometimes there are labor shortages, and because of other challenges in the world, also supply and change shortages, which really delays industry investments. There are other challenges still affordability and even some new applications are really not always targeted to those people who really don't have much money to spend on connectivity, and we still see that information that around 90% of the people who are not connected are actually covered by connectivity. And of course, last but very important is climate crisis. So World Meteorological Organization says there's a 50-50 chance that the next five years the radio will exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius, so it's definitely a big challenge. Opportunities, there are a few. So first of all, governments are recognizing that they need to step up in this situation, so we have a lot of new investments, like US set aside 65 billion US dollars for broadband investments. European Union, in their response to recovery funds from COVID-19, said 20% of those should be allocated for digital. It's also not only in the countries, but in global investments. So we have programs like European Union Global Gateway Initiative that seeks to allocate 300 billion euros for infrastructure investments around the world and a big part of that digital. And there's also opportunities, I think, for organizations like ITU now in this environment to really step up, you know, to ride the wave in a good way and to boost the way and to help the countries and the private sector to leverage that goodwill or for investments in digital infrastructure in this current market environment. And how do you think that today's leaders in international community can help connect to respond to the challenges and seize the opportunities of today? So thank you very much. I think the first words, there are a few words for me are key. First is partnerships. And partnerships are really a key for that. So we need to kind of all work together. It's no longer a solid approach. Both as partnerships within our UN family with different organizations, some have a few of them here with private and public sector, including new players, such as digital infrastructure funds, as private equity funds. They all, and we all need to sit at the table and see that as a common solution. Second is, step up our ambition on climate crisis. This is no longer something's a activity. This is something that requires all hands on deck approach. And we need to look through that across all our activities. In telecoms industry, 90% of companies recognize importance. They report about sustainability, they report. But only 36% actually do something about it in terms of so-called science-based target initiative, complying with that. So actually have a clear target. So we recognize the problem, but we need to step up. And the third is, we have to really work on what we call renewed and more effective multilateralism. We talk about a lot of multilateralism where we still recognize that every country around the world, regardless how big or small it is, how powerful or not powerful, how rich or not rich, has a really strong seat at the table. That we, all the multilateral organizations really look how to make them the most effective using the both majoral practices of the past. So we really make sure that they are effective, results-based. And then the last bit is really that they are partnership-driven and also they really work together with others. Excellent. Now it's early days, but I just wanted to ask you, how's your experience been here at ITW's TDC here in Kigali, Rwanda? I think it's an amazing experience. I think first of all, it's hospitality, a great hospitality for Rwanda hosts. It's not the first time for me in Rwanda, and every time I come here, the first time was for the first Transform Africa event. And definitely that was already kind of a clear demonstration of the capabilities of Rwanda to host great events, and we see that here. Third is the people you meet. There's really people coming back, and that's another hope. So it's a great meeting here. There are lots of decision makers, decision makers around the world. These are the people who can make the difference, and this is great. And the third, I really love the innovations, like partner to connect summit, which moves us only from talking to the really action. And Lithuania also comes there with a strong pledges, both pledges to strengthen our digital infrastructure and digital equality locally with investments for around 350 million euros from our digital infrastructure in Lithuania to strengthening our sandbox initiatives as well, but also with helping others. So we identified around 12 countries around Africa and Asia specifically, where we want to help with strengthening digital ecosystems, and our private sector also comes together with us. And again, that kind of partnership approach to help with strengthening cyber security, you know, infrastructures of the country. So they again, they fight, you know, above 10 countries, and they will work on that. So this has clearly given impetus, this partner to connect call, gave an impetus for all of us, nor does it say what someone would have to do in the passive voice, but what we will do to make sure that everyone is real digital empowered and everyone is a true part of the digital world. Thomas and Nasus, thank you very much for joining us, and we hope to catch up with you again very, very soon. Thank you very much, Max. Always a pleasure. Thank you. Thank you.


You're watching NewsClick and I have with me one of the most well-known voices when it comes to food security in India and that is Dr. Ritika Khaira and we are actually going to talk about the Pradhan Mantri, Garib Kalyan Yojna which is likely to end pretty soon but who knows there are some news reports which suggest that it might be get extended. Professor Khaira, thank you so much for joining us. First of all let me ask you do you actually think that this is going to end or is it too much of a political golden egg to suddenly stop all of a sudden? So of course unfortunately I'm not a mind reader or not able to do a forecast of what the government will do especially of these governments which have a knack for doing unexpected things as far as the Pradhan Mantri, Garib Kalyan and Yojna is concerned which is the part of the Pradhan Mantri, Garib Kalyan Yojna that provides double rations to all those existing ration card holders of the public distribution system. You know since it started in 2020 the government has had a tendency to always only extend it on the last day or in fact sometimes announce the extension even a few days after the deadline has gone. This has actually caused some problems in the implementation we can come to that later on but the fact that it has the extension hasn't yet been announced is not particularly surprising to me though this time perhaps the circumstances are a little bit different from previous times because this year's procurement was a bit lower than anticipated in previous years but in spite of that actually the stocks situation is very comfortable so what has happened is that over since 2016 at least food stocks with the food corporation of India have been way higher than the buffer stock norms that the government has and this time even the lower stocks compared to previous years are actually still much higher than the buffer stock norms. If the government wants to continue this double provision it can do so without you know jeopardizing our food security situation and whatever norms we have had in spite of the fact that you know the output this year the production and procurement this year was somewhat lower than previous years. You know this is an interview that I'm doing in the English language and most people who watch such programs of course Musklick has a certain kind of viewer who is informed in a certain way but most others think that this is just free food this is only going to make the poor lazy 70 years why do we still have to give this this is you know there's a thing about free muftka our income tax money goes it's wasted all for wards now what do you have to say to those people why after seven decades to so many people and I was reading a note that you have written that even this 80 crore is actually less than what it should be right so why do why do even 80 crore people need very cheap food. Right so I think there are different things one can say about this question one important thing is that even though there has been exceptionally there have been phases of exceptionally good GDP growth over the past 70 years some were high and some were quite mediocre the fact is that the fruits of that growth have not been shared equally by the Indian population in the Indian population so people like you and me we have benefited tremendously from what has happened in the past three four decades but not we are not typical Indians so people like me have to actually stop eating to lose weight yes so we have the that problem at the top end of the distribution but I think the fact is that the diets of a large majority of Indians remain very poor many of them report having to skip meals every once in a while and especially since the pandemic you know this was even documented by a bunch of people who did surveys in different parts of the country so nutritional poverty is a very widespread phenomena that exists even if there was no pandemic the pandemic actually has made it a food security crisis also it's not just that you don't get good food to eat for many people you don't actually people were not getting adequate food to eat so in a nutshell the answer is that there is a lot of inequality and a lot of this inequality is actually hidden from people like you and me because you know the media is just not showing us you know when the news you know you should someone should do an analysis of what makes the headlines and actually you know it touches a very small segment of the population so the fact that we don't see it also is part of the problem the only time actually when mainstream media was focusing squarely on this issue was during the lockdown when we saw all these migrants stuck in urban centers I think that was the first time where there was like this collective awakening and social you know this consciousness of everyone was sort of shaken because they began to see what you know the conditions of Indians are really like and this was mainly focused on urban areas still right rural areas also have equal amount of distress so I think for all these reasons and because we have you know Orwell has said this that either we all live in a decent world or nobody does I think for that reason alone we should actually consider programs such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, the Public Distribution System, the Midday Mealscape as actually the best use of taxpayer money. And of course income tax is just less than 25% in any case of what the government spent so yeah yeah it's the best you know one of the admissions one would have to say that when the government said that it's going to through this very undojna it effectively from through the back door admitted that 80 crore people are poor that they need help just to eat right we're still now we've never acknowledged what the poverty level actually is and you have actually calculated and you argue that that 80 crore number itself is in some way the data has been punched or misread could you just elaborate on that yeah so just backtracking a little bit see the 80 crore people who are getting subsidized ration from the government that didn't start with the Prabhan, Manthri, Garib, Kalyan and Naiojna that just that it has to be given at a much much more subsidized much the amount had to be increased that I just want to correct yeah yeah so I think people should know that the coverage of the public distribution system jumped to 80 crores as a result of the passage of the National Food Security Act in 2013 and between 2013 and 2016 all the states implemented the act so that we were in a situation where we had a system of social protection that was ready to be ramped up in the way that this government did during a crisis like the lockdown so I think that even the harshest critics of the PDS people like Surya Balai if I may mention his name were forced to admit that this was you know a life saver for the country at that time now but just to clarify again to the I'm just sorry to interrupt you there but just to clarify if you could explain that the Food Security Act which you know enabled 87% if I'm not wrong the percent of the population to be covered by PDS but within that there was a layering run a large number of people were considered to be able to pay a certain amount which itself was an issue right no no no hang on hang on no so the the NFSA the National Food Security Act it said that in rural areas we will cover a national average of 75% of the population in urban areas it will be 50% in poorer states like Jharkhand and Bihar the rural coverage went up to 90% in richer states like Punjab and Haryana the rural coverage was a bit lower national average was 75% under the NFSA the everyone was supposed to pay one two or three rupees per kg depending on which grain they got so if they got rice it's three rupees a kilo if it's wheat it's two rupees a kilo and if it's coarse grains like bajra or juar then it's one rupee okay some states said that look like Tamil Nadu they said we have been giving free rice forever we are not going to even charge that three rupees other states gave additional subsidies like Chhattisgarh and Oresal they were selling even rice at just one rupee so that was the situation until 2020 in 2020 what the government did the central government did they said we are going to instead of giving five kilos per person we'll give 10 kilos per person that doubling part we will give free of cost and meanwhile before because the central government didn't act fast enough some state governments they had already started announcing that you know even the NFSA portion the 5 kg the regular portion they had already made it free some of them so as a result of this lockdown and the Pradhan Mantri Gali Gahan and Nagyajna what happened is that people started getting 10 kilos per person per month and five kilos of it was free five kilos was still charged at the old prices of two or three rupees a kilo right now this has actually also created a lot of confusion in people's minds like a lot of them don't know that the double part is supposed to be free the dealer tells them so they managed to take them or yeah yeah so there are those kinds of issues that have arisen with the doubling and also because of the fact that it's been done in this haphazard way where it's not said okay this will continue for two years so that people have a chance to know what their entitlements are so at least in a few villages in Jharkhand we have seen how the doubling has actually not benefited everyone because the and it's a very convenient kind of arrangement what the dealers do is earlier they were giving four and a half kilos out of five now they've started giving five full kilos no cheating but because people don't know about the extra five kilos they siphon all of it off so the people are happy because they're now getting five kilos they don't realize that five kilos is the dealer is happy because he's getting five kilos bonus and the governments are happy because they're getting so much free publicity and goodwill that you know this in fact in many places it has reached I'm not saying that this is the story everywhere please bear that in mind this is from a few villages where we have seen this is happening in many parts of course people have got their double ration also I just just a digression just for our viewers and for me as well I just wanted to know given that people in rural India and poor people even in urban India have very little access to proteins or to you know facts what is the amount of rice or wheat that an average person should be eating in a month so this according to national sample survey data all India average consumption per capita per month used to be just under 10 kilos so basically right now the situation is that the 100% of a person's requirement is coming from this but for people like you and me I don't think we consume 10 kilos per person our consumption is much lower we get a lot of our calories from proteins and from fats that's right and also our lifestyles are so different that we don't need that even if we yeah yeah so that's one part of it the other thing is that if you look compare India with other countries including China which used to be really much poorer than us once upon a time in the 80s even actually or any other neighboring country the Indian diet is very poor and it is not diverse yeah so the diversity in our diet especially proteins especially animal proteins is very poor and for a very long time we have been saying that the PDS should look beyond wheat and rice and should consider just as Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and perhaps even Kerala have done where you get edible oil and you get dal in fact in some some people in a place like Himachal Pradesh can get up to three types of dals at a very heavily subsidized price 30, 40, 50 rupees you know that range and in Tamil Nadu so all these states are making efforts to provide more nutritious items also through the PDS at the regulated price and also subsidized price in other states this kind of thing has happened sporadically I don't know if you remember once Sheila Dixit was in big trouble in Delhi over prices of dals and so they had started applying through suffle booths so yeah I remember so so that kind of thing I think should be a regular feature of the PDS especially in the poorer states you know nutritionally poor and just economically poorer states like Odessa, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand that whole eastern belt but in fact the lack of protein is also a very serious issue in most parts of the country so this PDS to think of it only as a channel for dumping all the excess grain that's stocking up in an FCI I think we should look beyond that I would like to remind you that right at the beginning you had said that you think that there's a better way to use this excess stock that FCI has so why don't you just tell us that we continue actually yeah you had mentioned so see the National Food Security Act from which this 80 crore coverage figure is coming the number was basically 75% of the 2011 rural population and 50% of the 2011 urban population gave us something like 80 crores at that time but now we are in 2022 in 2021 we should have had another census which has not happened and because of that what has happened is that the numbers of coverage of the PDS have not been updated but we do have population projections from the census people and if we were to use the projected population of this year 2020 or 2021 then using the same coverage ratios that are specified in the National Food Security Act 75% and 50% you would actually get about 10 crore more people into the PDS and you know this would have been such a great thing to do at the time of the lockdown because what was happening at the time of the lockdown is that people didn't have PDS ration cards and that's why they were left high and dry right so doubling helps those who have a ration card but you you had huge numbers of people especially we saw the plight of the urban poor who didn't even have ration cards so they actually don't benefit from this Pradhan Mantri, Garib, Kalyan, Anayojna at all whereas they're seeing their neighbors who are lucky enough to have got a ration card getting twice as much grain the other thing that I feel we could be doing with these excess stocks is and again so on this issue of updating the population numbers the Supreme Court of India in August directed the government the central government to do this adaptation exercise and the hearing was supposed to happen in September the government was supposed to come back and answer why isn't it using projected population figures to increase the coverage of the PDS but so far I don't think any response has come or if it has I'm not aware of it the other thing in fact the Supreme Court has also highlighted and asked the government to do something about is the setting up of community kitchens these are actually a fantastic thing right so again if you may recall from the time of the lockdown Kerala was amongst the first movers they were giving packed food packages for people to pick up right in Tamil Nadu you have Ammas canteens in Karnataka there was this nasan thing called Indira canteens which actually didn't really take off in the end in Jharkhand and to some extent in Chhattisgarh also there are Dalbaat kindras where for five rupees you can get a plate of rice with dal and I think for an additional five rupees they give you a boiled egg also so this is actually not a bad meal for a lot of people you know if you get for 10 rupees one egg and some even if it's watery dal it's not a bad meal even Delhi had you know our government has started some kitchens which haven't really taken off that's right and in Maharashtra they had these Jhunkabhakar centres so a lot of states have made some fledgling efforts but there hasn't been a central scheme which says here is the allocation of grain why don't you set all these kitchens up you know community kitchens up at bus stands hospitals railway stations these are the places where a lot of the you know floating population people who come to the cities for illness and you know for their health needs etc and the supreme court in January I think reminded the government and gave them three months time or something like that saying why don't you set up these kitchens but again I think nothing has really moved on that so when we have this excess grain I think that you know one expanding the coverage of the pds so that the population base is updated just that much and the second is also to consider very seriously the setting up of community kitchens because they provide a lot of relief to people in distress so you know let me be the devil's advocate here and one of the arguments that some people make is that given that there is we are seeing the labour participation rate in India actually dropping further and there is there was an increase in you know number of people working in the farm sector since 2019 since the summer of 2019 it has increased there's been a reversal of trends since then some people say that this has to do with the fact that there is the PM Kisan Yojana everyone wants to go back and show a certificate to get that 6000 rupees and which is not very little given that you know if you look at some of the surveys like the NAFIS survey tells us that the bottom 30 percent of agricultural households have the have a cut off you know family income of some 3500 rupees so you get 6000 rupees a year and if you have two people in the family you can get that then you end up with a thousand rupees a month additional then you have a certain amount of free food coming in does that at all lead to a situation where people would want to work at all and I mean this in a sense that not that not because oh they're lazy but because when we think of aspiration to work if working means you're just about going to have a subsistence level of existence why would you work so what is the this focus on not nothing that has you know any employment no employment generation nothing which creates anything beyond food and subsistence survival that seems to be the problem with these policies right so again I could say many different things to that first I would like to say that why should we think that the aspirations of the average or the poor Indian are any different from say Mr. Adani who is the flavor of the month right so if he is not happy with his whatever I like the number is so big I don't even remember it and he is you know his aspirations are to actually reach further heights why do you think anyone you know a farmer working on her field is any different that's one thing the second is I think the tender there is a tendency to to perceive forms of social support as unproductive so you know one of the things that in 20 years that I've been hearing this because I started working on energy 20 years ago and at that time they said oh you should teach people how to fish not give them that old idea and actually you know the thing is that I see programs of social protection such as the energy or the PDS or other forms of cash support I see them as actually investments in people if a person is able to get employment in her village in his village it stops them from having to migrate or family to a city in search of work that means that the children can stay on in school for longer they don't have to drop out their studies don't suffer and that means we're investing in the future generation by allowing enabling their education to continue similarly if you provide food or cash support basically you're enabling people who are really living on the brink of subsistence to keep their nose above the water and to you know make investments in themselves because you know we are a labor surplus country and that is our strength if you have a enfeebled poorly nourished always falling sick poorly educated workforce where are you going to go you will have a reserve army to do a lot of cheap labor for you but that's not value added right then it's adding value for the rich people but if you really want to empower people then you have to ensure good health and good education and all of these programs of social support whether it is eggs in the school meal program or just simple grain from the pds or employment in your village through nrej all of these things together i think they do provide a sort of buffer for very poor people interestingly that those who now opposed it say that you know there's not enough entrepreneurship in the poor and you're making it even worse interestingly they should be reminded that industrialists right before we became independent actually wanted this such things to be done as part of their own scheme the bombay plan had several of these things which they thought should be done for the poor today we have a situation where the middle class feels that i mean it's on all these whatsapp groups i just want to end with one thing you know you were talking about ration cards the lack of ration cards not giving people enough access and this is an anecdote from my own experience i remember i there's a carpenter who does some work for us and during the lockdown he would call and say that can you give me some money because i don't have food so i would transfer some money to him and then one day he called me and said that i'm going to go i said that how will you go he said i'll walk i said why he said because so there there is that um desperation that people have they just don't get to eat and we sit here thinking that oh this is just free food yeah no and i think also the ration card is tied to all kinds of other schemes so when people who seem better off like maybe your carpenter is not he has skill right he has real honor so his earnings can potentially be quite high but even so he is interested in the ration card because it may give him access to other schemes of the government so it's a bit of a pack it's not like adha which is just a khokla card which doesn't entitle you to anything in itself it can disentitle you from your existing entitlements by not you know if you're not linked but the ration card is actually you know meaningful identity card and access to a range of government services and i think that's also why people are so interested in having access to it if it is possible for them. Ritika Khera thank you so much for joining us and i hope that the government is listening to you not this show i mean no one's going to be watching this show in the government i'm sure but i hope you've written a lot i hope they listen to you they read you i mean people like us do so hopefully you are going to be heard and this will be extended it's much needed thank you so much.


In EVs, the exosome is the most exciting domain associated with cancer research current decade. Exosomes have both cancer progression related and cancer healing capabilities depending on the source. It develops a new platform for cancer personalized and precision medicine visionary project to come to reality. This article was authored by Roger D'Arre, Sukamoy Garay, Ariketh Davy, and others.


Γεια σας και ευχαριστώ για ένα άλλο βίντεο αρχατικότητα. Παρακολουθώ μερικά πολλές εμμείλες και ερωτήσεις για τα βίντεο αρχατικότητα μου και δεν είχα σκέψει να σταματήσω. Εγώ είχα μόνο σε αρχατικότητα. Λοιπόν, στις τελευταίες μέχρις σήμερα θα έρθω και σήμερα θα έρθω για τα βίντεο αρχατικότητα μου. Αυτό είναι τα πληθυμότητα, το πληθυμότητα της πληθυμότητας. Με τα τελευταία τελευταία χρόνια έχω been working on this book and you can see how many pages I have and how I make it have become. It's super bulky. It's not the only one that I'm working on. There are different sizes that I like to create. But since I want to chat a little bit before we start with today's project, I'm going to quickly go through all the pages so you can take a look. Most of these pages are already on my YouTube channel as a tutorial. If you find something that isn't there, it is probably because it's a class that I taught live in some part of the world. So since I am a content creator, I do this for a living. I design projects and I like to inspire others. I do create a lot throughout the year. But every summer I like to take a break. It is really important for me as it helps me to stay away from the craft room. I don't craft at all for a couple of months and I just enjoy the family, the sea and the sun. I live in Greece so I have easy access to the sea. Summer is and always has been my favorite season and I like to enjoy it as much as I can. So just like every other year, this year I took a couple of months off.  Argenal videos and mixed media projects however do take more time and effort both to create them as well as to video edit them since they are quite longer and that's why you didn't see any of them at all. But I'm back and starting from this Tuesday you will get a new mixed media or Argenal project every week. Taking a break every year, it really helps my creativity. The only creative thing I do when I take a break is to note down ideas that come in my head. And after a couple of months when I go back to my craft room I have missed creating things so much that I feel like my head is going to explode from ideas. So if you feel like you are suffering from creative block I highly recommend taking a break, at least it works for me. So I have my coffee with me and let's start creating. Now just because this is so bulky I'm going to tear the page all the way to the other side. This is going to help my book kind of being levelled and I'm just going to clip those pages together. I don't think that I'm going to work for a lot of pages on this book. I probably will change on a new one since it got so bulky. However I also love those Argenals when they are so thick. Anyway, today I'm going to work with new products from Stamperia. These are designed by my talented friend Antonis Giannidakis. It is a collection that has to do with Sir Vagabond from the previous collection but this time he's traveling to Japan. It's an amazing collection, beautiful colors and designs. Lovely stamps, stencils, different sizes of patterned papers. You will find everything in this collection. Even molds, chipboards and stuff. However I'm not going to show you everything. I think that this is overwhelming. But here is a quick browse through some of the pages where you can see the different elements and designs and the way I like to work with new paper patches to browse through the different designs and find something that really strikes me. For example, in this case it's this girl. I absolutely love her. I think she could make a great focal point for a page and this is going to be the star of today's project. Now in every collection by Stamperia you will find the same designs in different sizes. So just think on where you like to work. Do you like to work like me on a two page a small journal like the Dilutions one or maybe do you like to work on a bigger one by Dina Weekly which is the big one page book. Maybe you want to work on a canvas or even on a wooden panel. Remember that you can always recreate ideas on the size that you like to work with. And I do switch from size to size. You can see sometimes I create those 6x6 ones or even smaller tag journals.  And since I do have the whole collection I'm going to show you the same focal point and the different sizes that you can get it. So here she is in a 12x12 page in an 8x8 page which would be a great size to work with for my journal. Here she is on the 6x6 path she would be great for a card or for a 6x6 page and then you get the collectables. These are long pages where you will find all the designs so that you can easily cut them out. The fun part is that you get the front or the back. This is amazing especially for those who like to create albums. So anyway here she is again and I decided to go with this size but in any case you don't have to buy everything just think before you buy. Think of the art journal of the size that you would like to work with and then choose wisely. So for today's project I already know the focal point. I am first going to fuzzy cut her and then I'm going to create a background for her which is the fun of creating art journals. Now just like always down below in the description area as well as on my blog you will find a full list of all the supplies that I'm using for creating my project and since I do have the whole collection of Sir Vagabond in Japan you will see more projects using the collection in the future months. And now that I have my focal point cut out it's time for the fun, the most fun part of the art journaling to create the background. I wanted to create a bluish background for that I'm going with the stress oxide sprays.  I'm starting with tumbled glass and speckled egg and although in the beginning of my art journal journey I was avoiding sprays they are becoming my favorites I find that they are so easy to work with and they create lovely backgrounds with lots of interest with not too much effort. I'm also going to spray some water to help those colors blend even more so that I can run into each other and I'm also going to bring in a little bit of brown and this of course is vintage photo which I cannot stay away from. I'm adding some splashes and I'm also going to spray in a couple of areas just to make it look more interesting I don't want that to be completely flat a blue flat color at the background. Again I'm going to spray I'm just working with the background making sure that I like what I have always remember what you have when you are working with oxide it's going to dry completely differently very pale so try it out before you do any adjustments I was really happy with what I have so I'm going to go ahead and do the next step which is stamping I'm going to work with a big background stamp this one is great for adding visual texture on the background it has foam at the back which means that it's not going to cling on an acrylic block and that's designed this way for mixed media so that you can easily grab it and stamp in different areas we are not going for the perfect impression when we are using mixed media stamps however if you want to stick it on an acrylic block or a stamping block you can easily do that by adding some tape some double-sided tape at the back I'm going to work with a blue archival ink I don't want to get a perfect impression I just want to have something interesting going on at the background also this is the first layer of stamping where I want things to be tone on tone that's why I'm using blue ink for that and by the way the color I'm using here is the archival ink cornflower blue now on this video I also noticed that I didn't adjust my table lamps correctly and I think the colors appear quite washed out everything seems so bright but in any case you will see some close-up photos of the finished project at the end of this video so here just because everything is so washed out you don't really see the tone on tone effect that I get however trust me it is there and I'm going to show you a close-up in a bit now the second step is to add again stamping but this time with black archival ink this is going to add some contrast at the background and I'm picking parts of the stamp that have words on top now I don't know Japanese and I have no idea what those texts say but I'm working with it because it adds visual texture and it works as a great element for my background now I'm done stamping I'm going to move on to and do some stenciling this is a lovely stencil absolutely love the text on it and you will see later on I'm also going to use the branch this is glamour paste it has some shine on it and the color is black silver now for some reason here I stopped with the black paste to add some white splashes just because I cannot stay away from them I'm going to make sure that these are dry and then continue with my spatula to apply the paste now if you follow me for quite some time you probably know that I absolutely love traveling I'm really fascinated by the Japanese culture and let's say that this is a wish page hoping to visit Japan soon so I'm going to add that text in different parts of the page I'm going to spread it out I'm not going for the perfect impression notice how I don't have a specific start and finish they are not just rectangle rectangles of text since I like them to be more organic when you use paste always make sure to clean up your stencils otherwise it is going to block the openings and here is a close-up look of what I have up to now I'm absolutely happy with the background so I'm going to work on the focal points now in the page that I use for cutting out my lady there are lots of flowers I'm going to fast cut some of them so that I can use them on my page and I'm cutting way more than I need at this stage I didn't know how the project is going to come together so it's always nice to have more elements to play with now what makes me happy is that they are front and back and although this doesn't have any use for this specific project it really makes me happy for some reason anyway I'm going to continue with the project again I'm using the same stencil nice and clean and I'm going to add the branch at the top corner of my page for that I'm going to just follow a part of the branch with my sponge dabber and brown archival ink just so that I have the basic shape the color I'm using here is ground espresso and this part of the stencil is versatile this branch can be used in so many different projects and it can also work as a thunder in a halloween project anyway I'm going to go over it with a marker just to make it more vibrant and defined and then I have the flowers here that I cut out I'm going to play with them decide where they're going to live and then I'm going to stick them down I get asked a lot about the types of glue that I use I just use whatever I have handy on my craft mat depending of course on the technique that I'm planning to do here it doesn't really matter glue stick a white glue or even a matte medium could work just fine now from this patent paper I'm just cutting out some elements they have text on them they look like signs and since I do have the sponge dabber from previously I'm going to go around all these labels this little detail is going to help them stand out against each other and now it's finally time to put my focal point down I'm starting by sticking those labels at the bottom they are going to kind of crown my lady somehow and look that double sided patent papers is front and back and all these front and back elements just gave me an idea I was thinking that they would work great for window pages where you get to cut out a window stick the element there and when you turn the page you can see the perfect back I think maybe that's an idea for a future project and as I'm putting my page together leave me a comment down below and let me know which are your favorite mixed media projects that I post on Tuesdays do you like this type of double page journal do you like the six by six all the tag journals the smaller projects or do you like watching canvases and wooden panels I like to switch them up and move on from one type to another but I would be interested to see what you like the most now I inked up the edges of the page just a touch with brown and now with my white gel pen I'm going over the elements and add some highlights in different areas this is just something that I always like to do I love the whimsical look that it gives on my pages and it really makes me happy I'm going to add on her a little bit of shading it's going to push her back and bring those other elements more to the foreground just a touch is enough In the paper pads there are many quotes that you can work with for a page like this one I decided to go just with a thin strip of quote from my sticker booklet that says if you are lucky enough to be different never change and that was the project for today here are some close-up photos where you can see better all the details don't forget down below the description area you will find a list with all the products that I used to create this page I hope that you had fun that you got inspired thank you all so much for joining me today don't forget to leave my comment to like and subscribe and I'll see you all next time


This is stock number 11258. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today, we are checking out this super clean 2014 Ford F-250, crew cab, short box, platinum edition. This truck has the 6.7-liter power stroke diesel. It has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off for the state of Wisconsin inspection process, and this truck is 100% ready to go. Kodiak brown is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, or a smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of your screen as a link to our website, click that and check us out there. This one comes with my favorite rims on the F-250s, the painted and polished aluminum 20-inch rims Michelin LT 275 65-hour 20 tires, and these tires have right around half the tread left. Framing underbody on this truck is exceptionally clean for being a 2014 front fender, no dents or dings on that. You can kind of see that it's just a little bit shade of brown. The truck looks black, but it's definitely brown. Front bumper is in pretty nice shape. It does have the chrome tow hooks, the factory fog lights, headlight lenses are crystal clear. You get that platinum painted front bumper or front grille I should say, and the hood is in excellent shape as well. I didn't see any dents or dings on that. Passengers side front fender is in excellent condition too. And the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And that is why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise the trade, all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here, all you got to do is drive the truck, love it, and you'll be all set to go. Back tires have just as much tried as the front tires, and that frame in the underbody is in really nice shape. Box rails look really good. And it's like that all the way underneath. And it has all the remaining factory exhaust, which is nice. So it hasn't been altered in any way, and lower rockers look really good. And it has the factory chrome stepbox. You also get the chrome tipped exhaust. And as we come around to the back, rear bumper is in pretty nice shape. I didn't see any major dents or dings. Back up parking sensors, full towing package, which includes a receiver hitch, four pin, and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in excellent condition as well. Of course, you get that platinum finish to the back there with the platinum package. Has the tailgate step assist right here. And it has a spray and bed liner. Bed liner is in pretty nice shape. As is the bed, that is an extreme liner by four wins. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly, and this one does have a Truxedo soft roll up tonneau cover. Truxedo usually considered one of the best. Tonneau cover is out there. And as you go down the driver's side, just as clean as that passenger side, lower rockers all look really good, probably because it has the mud flaps on it. And for full disclosure, this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good. No dents, no dings. It does have the driver's side door code entry. We do have the code for that. And it has the power scope mirrors. They power fold in and power telescope out.  No rips or tears on these seats. You get the platinum stitched into the back rest side curtain airbags. Very, very nice condition on these seats. Both of these seats, I believe are heated and cooled. We'll verify that in just a second. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors, get the telescopic tow mirrors. They power fold in like so. I always like showing both sides are working so that you know all the functions are working on the vehicle. The telescoping has the truck has to be on for that memory, driver's seat, and you do get these Sony sound system. Auto headlamps, power pedals. And as we hop inside the truck here, we'll turn the ignition on so you can see the miles. Well you can see that it has 34,189 miles on it. You get the Ford built tough animation at the beginning. Instrument cluster there. And you get the leather wrapped and wood grain trim steering wheel. Bluetooth and audio controls on the right. Cruise controls and information center controls on the left. And then you can see that those mirrors definitely do work on that side and on that side. Anyways, so this one has the My Ford Touch radio and it has the factory navigation system. This is also where your backup camera shows up. You do get those grid lines there.  And it does have a CD player. You do have AM, FM, and Serious XM radio capabilities on this radio. CD player, climate controls, you can do those down here as well. Turned out four wheel drive, stability control, and you can do volume and tune right there as well. Factory brake controller, four upfitter switches, and you do get a 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in. Passing aside, floor mat and seat are in excellent condition as well. I didn't see any rips or tears on them and a really nice shape. It does have the power sunroof and the home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. You also have map, map lights up there and power sliding rear window controls. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood. The back seats are just as clean as the front seats, no rips, no tears back here. It does have the platinum stitched into the backrest there. You do get a locking storage container underneath here and that locks with your ignition key right there. Factory all other floor mat all the way across and then you do get another 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in back here.  Child safety locks on the back doors as well. The bottoms of the doors all look really good and clean and we'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood. Just for my curiosity, this one did come out of Iowa and I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. This truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. Link to more Ford F-250 truck videos like this one on red if you have not been to our website on the bottom a link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2014 Ford F-250 Crew Cab Short Box Platinum Lariat Ultimate and Kodiak Brown Metallic thanks again for checking out the video


Radionin ARA, a natural compound derived from the plant anemone radiana regal, has been found to be effective at inducing immunogenic cell death, ICD, in tumors, which could potentially improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments. This compound works by binding to a protein called TDP-43, which causes it to accumulate in the mitochondria of tumor cells, resulting in increased production of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, C-GAS. C-GAS then activates the NFKB pathway, which leads to increased expression of genes involved in antigen presentation and T-cell activation. Combining this compound with an anti-PD1 antibody was also found to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatments in animal models. This article was authored by Ming Xiaoyin, Jing Wendong, Tui Tui's son, and others.


Ben Oslohamsen, thank you very much for being with us with WPC-TV, you're a professor of international relations at Carter University in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, but I want to ask you a question about American foreign policy. How do you view it? I think the United States, John, is experiencing a crisis of confidence among its key allies and that includes its neighbors like Canada and Mexico in terms of its ability to lead, to lead with a strong, coherent vision of how it sees the world, a very turbulent world moving forward. Whether it's in the Middle East, Syria, we've seen flip-flops, we've seen a weekend at the tiller when it comes to dealing with Russia and Vladimir Putin's incursions into Ukraine, when it comes to the so-called pivot to Asia, it strikes many as more of a pirouette than a pivot, and we're also, I think, worried as friends of the United States about an America that has turned inward on itself, is preoccupied with obviously major domestic problems, and quite frankly doesn't seem all that interested in not only its friends but dealing with major world issues. Is this a criticism of President Obama himself, or is it a function also of a reaction to the activism or the maximalism of the George W. Bush years, or is it also a function of political gridlock in Washington? I think it's all three, I mean gridlock and intransigent Congress is a fact of life. When you look back at some of the problems that Franklin Delano Roosevelt had to deal with when it came to his Congress, you know, the reality is in a division of powers there are going to be difficulties, particularly if the party of the other side dominates one or both houses in Congress. But I think the fundamental problem does lie in the White House, as Harry Truman said once the buck stops here and the buck does stop in the White House and quite frankly not a whole lot happens when it lands and when problems land on the desk of the President. It's said that he doesn't like to negotiate with Congress, well he doesn't seem to really be all that interested in negotiating with his friends and friends that the United States needs if it's going to be an effective global player. Fennos L. Hampson, thank you very much for that very sobering judgment on President Obama. Thank you. My pleasure, John.