Hi guys. So this talk is going to be about billing stack, basically, which is a project done for doing charge back and billing services on kind of like consuming salameter in open stack. So many guys think that like the whole billing kind of thing is kind of like boring. It's not that fun. There is all the auditing, all the all the boring processes you don't usually want to develop like time and time again. But the kind of sad issue with open stack is there is like there isn't any default billing system you can go and use for your charge back or billing services. So these are the URLs for the project at the moment. They're kind of temporary. So we're going to move some of the stuff over to Stackforge to use the open stacks CI stuff and all that. So it'll be kind of like going into the open stack release cycle and trying to release when they do. There is the documentation and read the docs. There is the current home for the different projects. So kind of today is like going just quickly through what is billing stack, what we've done and what we're wanting to do. So we're only two guys at the moment. So it's a pretty small two man army. So there's emails and what we've done and all that. So as I said, there is kind of like different issues with the current billing systems that you can get like which is open source. They're kind of like old style, not really meant for the cloud billing space. They're like no good, I mean, there's no good alternatives that you can get for free that you can download and customize and do what you need with. There's only stuff like J billing, you have a curly, but none of them actually comes with any default integration towards like open stack or salameter. There's also the thing where like the current like what is open source billing systems like J billing, they only release like one one release or one version like every year at most. If you go check out like J billing, you'll see that they have like a version which is from last year sometime and it doesn't come with any integration APIs. There's no like documentation really. There is no help to get unless you pay for it. And it's kind of expensive if you want to buy one as well unless you just want to use the curly, for example, chargeify, which are the two SAS vendors on the online market, I guess. So we started out doing billing stack, which is basically a piece of Python stack software kind of like open stack for billing. So we have like written in using the, I mean, we have the Apache license for the license. So you can like grab the code to whatever you want with it and just be using it. There's interfaces for doing things is very easy to like plug in new stuff because they'll like pay some plugins to just make a change in a config. You're using something else than what's standard. It's very decoupled.  And as I tried to point out earlier, it's kind of like we're hoping to be the default billing system for open stack. You can just, if you need to use, just pull it down and use it. So we kind of have like the traveling down the payment lane from when you're pulling some data from Celerometer, wanting to mediate it towards a billing system, wanting to apply some prices on the data that you've been pulling down from Celerometer. You're wanting to take these things which has been rated and actually turned it into an invoice.  So this is an overview of what we have like different processes within the billing space until now that we've done what we want to do. And there's like an overview of each process and which component in billing stack is doing it. This is kind of how it looks. So you've got the kind of like open stack or someone else sitting on the top, which is kind of like your source for doing things or the source of the data. So you want to pull the data, mediate it and push it up to some random billing system, which in our terms is billing stack, wanting to apply the rating, which is the radar service, which is then billing stack or something else. You can use the biller to like make invoices. Then there's the collector, which goes out and takes the invoices and collects your money for it or the payments. We have a client or like CLI and language bindings library for interacting with different kinds of billing systems.  So what's really neat is you just tell it the provider that you want to use and it's kind of like the same top level API. So you have the meter service, which is basically collecting all of your data inside of the cloud, like the salameter. It's querying, I mean it's collecting the data and aggregating it, storing it. It's like there. So the mediator is basically taking the like salameter raw data thing and wanting to turn it into something useful basically in terms of financial stuff. So this is then showing the one of the proposed kind of like mediation processes where you're pulling the data from a source, which is salameter or something else. You're taking it into the mediation process or the script whatever you want to use and you're pushing it into billing stack, this kind of scenario. So one guy came up with another idea, which is basically instead of having a mediation process, which like pulls data and push it into the billing system, you have salameter maybe pushing the data for you instead when it's like collecting it. So salameter goes out to some open stack-ish service and says, or it gets like the amounts of compute hours that's been used and it pushes it straight into the billing system. So you can have like almost like live billing kind of or live stats for billing, which is pretty cool. It's like what Amazon just started doing I think a few months back. The cool thing about the whole billing, the previous slide, it has the factorial stuff. So basically the destination, if you're using the client library, you can use whatever billing system is supported there or you can write your own plugin. So if you have something in-house billing system, you can use that. If you have something else you need to pull data from like some legacy system or something that you wish to use billing stack for, you can use a source plugin to pull the data from. So this is kind of like the billing stack core service. It has the notion of a multi-tenant thing going on with merchants. So you have like, if you have different companies or organizations for the new company and you want some of them to be able to build kind of like their own thing, you can just make them a merchant or you can have like one globally for everybody. It has products, which is like instance for example or like disk usage or anything else. It uses a plan to kind of like group together the products when using plan items, which is pointing to a product that we were wanting to build. So a plan would be like compute for example, where you would have like some storage on the instance, some network traffic, the CPU hours that it's spending. We have a thing called subscriptions, which is, if you're familiar with like other kinds of billing systems like this, it's kind of like the link which links the plan, the customer and the rating data. Like it's kind of like the link to the other system we're getting the data from. So we have like the mediator. We have like billing. The idea is to have like a billing policy so you can say like this thing should be billed every hour or something. It's kind of in a draft at the moment. So basically the rating service or the radar is taking the incoming data from something which you're pushing into the billing system and applying prices to it and just storing it in a database. It's based on the plans which has the prices basically. There is the billing service which will basically take the billing rules that you have which can be like discounts and other various things like this. Discounts, add-ons, anything else that you want to do before creating the invoice. So it takes, it has like the invoice with a lot of invoice lines. So you have like for example a day in a week which can be like an invoice line. This too has like policies for when you should be creating the invoice. Basically it's the idea behind it. It's doing billing basically per customer or the invoicing. It's creating the invoice. It's doing like the applying the billing rules to the usage thing. And taxes and when it's due and the discounts everything like this. Then you're wanting to charge for something that a guy has been using so if your user is like consuming tons of computer hours you want to build this, get paid for it. There's a service for that as well. So this is storing the payment gateways which can be right now is targeting targeted system to build the stuff from. I mean to take the payments from. It's creating transactions storing towards the payment gateway. So it does like I'm going to charge you for like 50 bucks and it tries to do this and it stores it in the database if it succeeded or not. That's then the amount is then removed from the invoice like that you have like invoice which is X amounts of dollars and you're trying to charge the guy for it. There is various payment methods also. So you can have like a customer can have like a visa card, credit card. It can be just to place a transaction in some other system if you're using SAP to take charge towards the department and the company. That's what that's doing basically. So we have like a small demo video showing the UI which is basically written in using AngularJS familiar with that. It's a JavaScript library which will basically use the REST API of billing stack for administration. We also have we're planning to do like a horizon integration so users can go and see how much they've used of an instance. You can control the payment methods and so on as well. That's basically creating a merchant. So you're basically like signing up into billing stack. Then he's logging in. There you see the view that we come into when you're signing in. He's making a product which is in this case some storage stuff. So you can do like a plan which is just filling in some text and linking it to the product and some price. So there you're doing like the linking from the plan and you're making the price stuff and how much you're going to charge for a product. We like adding some other stuff. You can do like volume based pricing and you have fixed pricing and there is the other one as well. So you can define like if somebody is using a range of something from the salameter and it's between the given range will apply different prices. So this is basically all using the REST API which is running in the background somewhere. The user doesn't know it basically or it is. You're adding a customer which is basically a tenant in open stack. So you make like a customer and you have the subscription which is going to be linking the customer inside of billing stack to the tenant ID. There's the credit cards going in. So at the moment we're not storing the payment card. I mean the credit card information because of different compliances. So we're just pushing it to some payment gateway that you want to use. Because if not you'd need to go for the whole audit stuff and all that. We're kind of working on that. Sorry. So the question was if you can use billing stack, like if you can have like hosted applications use billing stack to bill their stuff. Was it right? Yeah you can. So you can just let it sign up for as a new merchant as his own merchant and you can use then it's totally isolated from the other stuff you know. So what was I wanting to have like we haven't done it yet. We're wanting to have like the notion of like a reseller for a merchant. So you can have other guys reselling your stuff. So the lights went off. Pretty funny. So basically what I have. So I want to say thanks to the guys that's been helping this far. We have some very cool guys from other companies wanting to help and which has been helping until now. So any questions? Yeah. So you have the yeah. So the question is how do we map the whole product thing to something in salameter. So you have like the product name. That's going to be the same as like CPRs inside of I mean inside of salameter. So it knows how to take the when you're setting sending the data from salameter over, you basically have the name of the thing that we're going to build, which is the name of the product. Had at some guys from television yesterday who was wanting to help out and some other guys. So a lot of this is kind of like in the draft phase. So we have I didn't mention this, but we have a thing called the payment gateway plugins, which is basically a plugin API that you can like your right your own class for something. And then you basically you define the methods that you need, which is the same as the base class. And then billing stack just knows how to do like create transaction create account create credit card. Yeah, it's like yeah, you can even use stuff like Spreeley. So if you like if we like make Spreeley interface, like a plugin, then you have like support for, I don't know, like hundreds of different payment gateways, I think. So yeah, so basically when you're so when a merchant likes makes a new payment gateway, it has its own configuration. So it's totally isolated from the other merchants. And when you do like add a customer, it's going out to the payment gateway and making it a customer or new account. So but we're not adding the not adding the customer before you have added like a payment method, because it wouldn't make sense. What was your question again? So you're wondering if you can do like just show the cost and I'll actually bill it. Yeah, you can use you can do like create the invoice or you can replace any of the components with whatever you want, basically. So it's just a stack of different pieces that you can like mix and fix together. Yeah, we we have like many different use cases, like hosting guys inside of companies, which just wants like I had a use case of my previous employer, we just wanted to have like, you have used this much, we need to charge you for this. And that's basically what they needed. So you don't need to use the whole stack. I'm just gonna you had a question at the moment it is, but you can like, you can just simple script, for example, which is just queries, something in Keystone, just makes a customer inside of the given merchant and then makes a subscription and you're done. Or you can we're wanting to do like a thing within Horizon. So basically when like, or anywhere else, when somebody says like signs up, you already have all of this in the billing system and it's just there. So how do you mean like, if you can administrator, I mean, administer the whole thing by a horizon or it's a bit witchy, you know, because some people want to use don't want to use billing stack, they want to use something else. So we have the whole factor of stuff. And basically what it allows you to do, you can make like one generic plug-in for Horizon and it can use this client to just communicate with the billing stack or the curly. So the features are going to be different. So we want to narrow the scope for Horizon to what's needed, like how much you've used, how much credits you have left and that kind of stuff. So there was a question from there. Yeah, I'll do the guy in the back next. What was your question? Yeah. So you're basically wondering if like, that the tenant shouldn't be able to create instances before they've paid. Yeah, we have the stuff on the roadmap kind of. So yeah, but it's definitely a thing that some companies don't want to guys wondering about and just like making 20 instances before they've paid. Or if you want to have like workflow, maybe like if a guy signs up, the boss needs to go and approve like X amounts of credit per month. That might be a use case. You had a question? We haven't come that far, but we have. So we have like another use case as well, which is your tenant has like a credit card, but the payments isn't going through. So what do you do then with all the stuff that is running? If it's a service provider, or if it's within a company, you have the same thing. Like you might have like, say you want to give each user like X amounts of credit, credits per month, like US dollars.  If not, we'll shut down your instances within three days or something. You have like Rackspace does this. And I think every other major vendor as well, they're doing like, if you use up your, if you don't pay or use up your credit, they'll send you an email telling you to go in and fix your credit card. And if you don't, you have like, I think it's seven or something days and they'll just shut down your stuff and deactivate your account basically. Yeah. There's like different use cases. Some people want to just shut down everything and disable the account. Somebody else wants to do something else. So it's, we need to come up with a way that I think those, the different things, like some kind of policy maybe like payment policy, like if you don't pay, what do we do? Yeah, that's no, we don't have a thing for that yet. But it'll definitely be a case. Yeah. So we have an API. So you can use like, I mean, you can either possibly make the payment service go ahead and check towards the payment gateway. Yeah. Yeah. Or you can do like, so if it supports like, if the payment gateway does like push notifications, you can configure that and have it push into the API. Or you can have the, I mean, the payment service go ahead and like, what's going on?


What is the most you spent on a pair of shoes? Uh, $500. $500? What'd you buy? Uh, Travis Got Air Maxes. Oh, that's a good one. You just got those today? Yeah. Okay, I like it! What's the most you spent on a pair of shoes? Uh, I think like $500. $500? What'd you cut? Uh... Purple Metallics. Purple Metallics? Yeah. Okay. Hey, that's a clean shoe. I like that. What's the most you spent on a pair of shoes and what were they? Uh, I think it was like $550? $550? $6? Uh, off-white sale fives? Clean shoe. Clean shoe.


Hi everyone, I'm Robin, and this is my little area here at the Office of Financial Readiness. I'm fictitious, but the work of financial readiness is real, and so are my answers regarding the new blended retirement system. We call it BRS. BRS. BRS. Put our service to the test. Plus, we wanted to raise awareness about the choices that most service members will have when it comes to their retirement options. So anyway, it's right here where I answer all kinds of questions that come in from land, air, and sea. Like, for example, people who are on the legacy retirement system want to know if they're going to lose their defined benefits if they switch to BRS. No, sir, and no, ma'am. You will not lose your defined benefits if you switch from high 3 to BRS. However, the multiplier for the defined benefit is slightly lower with BRS. Now, service members who are eligible have all of 2018 to decide if they want to opt into BRS. So there are lots of people like me ready to give the facts, because once you make a choice, you won't be able to take it back. Even if you change your mind before the deadline on December 31st, 2018. It's a great day to face your financial future, Robin speaking. How may I help you? Good question. Opting into BRS will not affect your VA benefits. Nope, your TRICARE isn't affected either. Absolutely. Anyway, this is us. We've got your back. From your service to here at Financial Readiness, Military One Source, and especially the personal financial managers and counselors at your installations. Go see them. They're like safari guides in the financial jungle. There's even a low mandatory training you have to take if you're eligible to opt in. We want to make sure you're making the right choice for you and your family. This is my family right here. These are my little babies. So thanks for watching. Share, share, share this video. Spread the word. And thank you for your service.


It's a very good morning guys. We're here at JKIA to make kudzahapa, kuri-sif, one of the biggest artists in East and Central Africa. Ame kudzahapa na mwenzake and it was Vince on the beat, Yangwiz Karibusana. Thank you, thank you, thank you. So, ambe flightu na kwa iti? Flightu was good, was okay. Nime shazo ea, you understand kwa yo, yaa nimi enjoy. And I'm happy to be here. Ape gino me letua na mwenzako, Vince on the beat, ambe kudzako halge. Ya, I came for my brother Pierre, Vince on the beat, you know, he's my blood. Nimi kwa na kijama rajingi sana apana yaa nimi kwa mtomba yaa kini Karibusha Vizuri yaa kini pa nini feel like I'm home. Lakin nipi ati yaa kijaga home, Pierre, tansani yaa waga na mhost Vivian adi feel like you're home kwa yo. Nini pata moaliko ake, lakin nipi yaa, nika sema aina sababi amiku kata wao tumifanya piyangoma koni ii piyambana achi yaa. So yeah, I was supposed to be here for sure. Piyangoma kujoka dila media tool since to match here, my brand new track. Yeah, I think I deserve to be here, you know what I'm saying? Vince, piki na tombe yaa, umefiki yaa de yanguizu? Yanguizu manze country wizi, one more time, Gaddafi one more time. Kwanza Shuklan for coming. You know, we go way back. Otatuni ambe yaa say straight up. Country wizi is the first artist from Tanzania who believed in me. Mifo mimi manye niji amini. Sisi ni familiar na shkuru sana mikuja. We have a big event happening today. Kili mani. Man turn up. Probably you touch a little bit. What will it entail? What are we seeing there? Who is coming to support you? We know you are a very big artist. Who produces songs for calligraph. Kina taka ebutelas. Are we expecting them? Yeah, basically I have my first EP launch. Listening party. And I happen to feature the A-list. I have wizi. I have calligraph on it. I have King Kaka. Prezo, CMB. Na weingi weingi sana. So ita kwa ni mazishi maze. You fought with calligraph yourself. Yeah, yeah. How was it? The journey? Ali kwa aji? Badwa na wa sema? Badwa mko down? You know on yanguizu na game today? Calligraph actually, nipa shoutouts. Kata na wambi wa Tanzania. Watu arap wachanga mke. Ali ni mention mimi katiawatu anabiliwa. Na fana vizulu kitua marapa wata Tanzania. So we have a big connection. Na ni mitu ango kareepsana. We've been working tango fumbili na kumina saba. Back then kumina nane. So yeah, we've been friends for a long time now. Na nimbupi ni ngingi na matumifanya. It's gonna come out next year. So yeah, yeah. It's always a vibe ni kigutana karigraf. So I'm expecting piah barekuputana nai. Na fana mamumingine piah kikazi. Yeah. Countries, nida na nipi farm. Na juhu kwa mba uli kwa kulekini? Yeah. For some, na zengu brazor. Ndogu ango? Mi kwa na nipi farm kwa... Igileo aka ganda festival ya kuwanti. We come to countries, kwa kutaka fika... Yeah, na zenga fika. It's about business, you know? Mi ibi yashara ango haina limit. Mi atokini ita nyumbana kakukuni bortu na kujoku performo. As long as my budget is there, na inenda na kwa angochangu. I'm good on it. I'm good. Maybe you'll go to a farm. You'll start to grow up. How much will you need in your company? First of all, mi pa na henda kibiyashara. Mi ni fana biyashara. So nili henda pa lukwadili ya biyashara. Kuangalena nga gantuta pushwa modya. Since he was a new record label, tangu wa toke alvoku ametoka kwa ni record label nbola kuwanas mamila. So we had to create a power team.  Lazi ma, wezikwanda peke ako to so we unite pwa modya and put the fana gomatina pwa modya lakini there is a time, mi ma self-endai na dreamsangu na takani songi piyana kuna autombona ni angalia and he believed in me. A lot of people in the industry kwa ni chi angu. When I believe that he can help, ni mukuwam sayada kwa seniwing sana. And what we can expect from him ni funguwa in my record label. And I did it. Nani li kuwanini mubia tamona is before katini kwa na ibiya. I told him like, I will open my record label and if you are willing, we can be partners.  Kutukana na disa mubia nili wenda nao. Ni mga na kabisa. I don't deserve si patikila mbosa na kitaji so I need to move on. Now I was ready for that. Kusumizi, kwa kwa kwa? Ya. Ya. Ya.  Ya, Bruce is still one of my artist mbaya na fanae kazi. Ami ache piya, the remix here, you piya. Nandilak fanae kazi, lakini is ready for the album. Na dani wadu tu wa subili. Ono jwa msani, na pukwa na fanae vizulu, na kwa na expect, kilasiku back to back. Lakini pinae msani, na kwa na itadi time, kwa fanae mandaliza, kote nizaki tubora zahidi. Kwa yo Bruce, na dani pukwa ni mandaliza, mazuri sana, kwa chia album, mbaya takuja, kwa take over all over East Africa. Ya. Na pengine uku kenya, tukona Vince, na tukona CardiCraft, batini wa sani wengine wenge penda kumik, ukiwa uku kenya tuwa? Wengi sana, na temani kutana kina Femi, kina Major, bull clean boys, kina Caterpila, wakadi Nali, Watwote, wana vibe with them, wana jwa, kusababu minim sani. So, yo tine kutana naimiku wangu survive, tuna badisha na mawazo, tuna badisha na Idies, na tuna shia Idies tuwa. Ya. Kwa idona sema Tanzania, mbiko kwenye upeoflanya, waki muziki, lakini piya Kenyans, kuna uki count, wana nani wa sani wengi. So, wana kubali, kuna kushindana, ama sisi wote, nindugu na dati. Sisi nindugu, lakini kushindana ipo, ato tukyou kwenye familiar, klazimam shindana irimpene chacho. So, sisi otene familiar, oteni wamoji East Africa, lakini kwenye kushindana, wana zimewe kuji tundele ku kusia games, tukike sema tu delay ma naike ato pata challenge, kulatimo challenge anyata mina Vince kumet challenge anyana kwenye nyimbo. Wana lakini steel, we friends, we understand.  Ya. Contu isi nandaki jambilina. Ya. Of course, we might see anachemi. Yeah. Na auto wana isikomba, anatikpika trapas. Mwa na zili bia na ni mkani Mwa Katani jiyo uo mojia uo na Yungunia Yungunia Yungunia is my son Ni kejala nga mba ni mme mlea mwenia Tangu Ajatoka Kimziki Na mendo ni mme mwekata kaya Spotlight yaloi kwa one of the best rappers In the country So Mimi kumpati yungunia ni one call away Like Ye kwa na nga uo na ni pigia mi simu Ni kwa na muda ote kusiba Mimi ni kama godfather hake Mtu mba ni mme mpa Spotlight na Ni mme mwa kekisha na Fani kiwa katukandu tozake Ni mme kwa ni kimi mlea For more than 13 years now Na So kwangumimi mi aidiya ashida So na Na ni kwa na nambia 2 kilo siku na Mchilewesha kufa nani Bukusiba mimi mi mzoia sana Ye kwa uo I think Yungunia mi pya mi freya kufa ni ingoma na mi mi Kusiba wu We never had a song since like Fmbrina kumina saba Ye Na of course mimi fani apia Collabo na Nigerian artist What do you say is the difference Between our East African music Na West African music Akuna oto 47 and there's nothing different It's just like Wendze to na exposure Wendze to na pendaku toka Wendze to na pendaku kwa kekisha Na path experience mi kia zahidi Sisi kamao atanzia Ni kwa ni gemi me Tumara ningisa tu na kanda ni mule mule We don't go out Like in Nigeria ota Mbi waluia li kwa London li kwa Uwapi na Tafta exposure Na tafta producers Na tafta oto mbalimbalim Na manata mi mi Ista yataka tukuli zika Ni mita kufana kas na Vins nili Check vins way back Yo vins we need to do this and that I get the experience na So wali ya mata oto zini Ni experience nini Wana jali buku If you want to be a musician Fawa, fawa, fawa everyday Nakini sofa Na akuna kutukipi Ni just experience Skos piwa kuna Femmele Rapa suku tanzaniya Ram tambuam ga ni weinye Runaiza Fanya kakaolabu iif Kua tanzaniya Hay, lot Wosa ni wings na kuna Rosary Kuna Frida Amani Tuna Chemiko Tunna Chemiko I want to make it clear that I'm a music producer, 100% This one I'm doing right here is just to add flavor to my brand Before I became a producer, I was an artist So now that I've solidified this thing that you mean in producer, I'm not sure, right? So I want to add some flavor to my brand, the other side of me Kuchiangamisha game, na bitu kamaizu ya So I want to make it clear that I'm a music producer, 100% I want to add some flavor to my brand, the other side of me Good vibes Good vibes, swag, na bitu kamaizu ya I'm not sure if I'm going to make it clear to you I want to add some flavor to my brand, the other side of me So I just want to say, na bitu kamaizu ya I'm not sure if I'm going to make it clear to you to launch all the listening parties of my brother Vins on the beat I want to make it clear to you to be part of it I'm very excited Now this is my second home already Ok, actually, takama na undugu na yung Greco I have my brother here, like any time Atakama ni kiyapasina mia I know I have a place to stay Ya, mia to stay, so let's party A udiya kudana muremo, kenji na na pepake kwa? Mimi, sasana hini na muremo ni nakati nero bhipu apa Tati muremo kuku I will find my girl here, here Thank you guys It's one-on-one with the one and only young with nafins on the beat Let's sit down and see what goods they have for us, thank you Yes sir, we did it


As we rebuild ourselves the history and civilization we now enter the crossroads of mysticism and science with the birth of alchemy. Alchemy laid the groundwork for chemistry but it also included a lot of lesson scientific aspects. One substance discovered by alchemists was the so-called oil of vitriol, a strange substance capable of dissolving pretty much anything including flesh. So today we're going to explore this ancient potion and see if we can make something capable of dissolving human flesh. Let's see what the old masters could do. Everything we use comes from 8,000 generations of collective innovation and discovery but could an average person figure it all out themselves and work their way from the stone age to today. That's a question we're exploring. Each week I try to take the next step forward in human history. My name is Andy and this is how to make everything. But first thank you to today's sponsor. Colby Parker is committed to providing exceptional vision care online and in stores, offering eyeglasses, sunglasses, eye exams and contact lenses. Glasses start at $95 including prescription lenses, sunglasses, progressives and blue light lenses are also available. Choosing your frames is super easy with our quiz. Just answer a few questions. You can start choosing a set of frames that best fits you. Let's try out a few different glasses online, even use their app to try them on on my face and then got five different pairs sent to me. I'm going to try them on, show them to all my friends and see what was the best look for me. Ships free and includes a prepaid return shipping label. Their styles range from extra narrow to extra wide, so they can fit pretty much any face shape. Try five pairs of glasses for free at home at warbyparkter.com slash htme. What is today the science of chemistry had its early roots as a branch of philosophy called alchemy. Likely tracing its origin back to Hellenistic Egypt sometime in the first century AD, many exact details of its history are shrouded in mystery due to the tradition of using cryptic and symbolic language. Both modern chemistry and ancient alchemy covered many common areas of trying to understand the natural world and the fundamental states and behaviors of matter. Over alchemy was primarily focused on more mystical goals of transforming base metals into gold and producing ways to extend life. Central to the alchemist belief was the philosopher stone. The what? The philosopher stone is a legendary substance with astonishing powers. It will transform any metal into pure gold and produces the elixir of life which will make the drink remortal. Needless to say these lofty goals were never achieved. Over alchemy did discover a lot of legitimate chemical processes and methods that were later incorporated into the science of chemistry. It's believed that Chinese alchemists accidentally invented gunpowder in their pursuit of creating an elixir of life. With the emergence of the scientific method, sometime starting around 1600s, chemistry began to supplant alchemy as a trustworthy science. But one of the early discoveries of alchemists was the substance of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is incredibly important today known as the king of chemicals and a nation's sulfuric production indicator of their industrial strength. It is incredibly useful for many industrial processes like mineral extraction, production of fertilizers, synthetic resins, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. Also once you produce one acid, it is relatively easy to turn it into other types of acid like hydraulic acid or nitric acid. Acids are such an important chemical for so many uses that I have been trying to produce it many times through several methods in the past. In the anime Dr. Stone, to which this channel is often compared, they use sulfuric acid to produce a pharmaceutical drug, sulfonylamide. In one of our previous videos we actually attempted recreating the primitive gas mask they made in the anime to help them harvest a naturally occurring sulfuric acid from a volcanic spring, which was surrounded by poisonous gas. Natural sources of sulfuric acid are relatively rare, but I did visit one such place in Yellowstone. Most water in the park is alkaline, but a few are highly acidic due to hydrothermal vents under the surface. Supposedly these lakes have even caused the death of a tourist to try to take a bath in what they thought was a regular hot spring and wound up completely dissolving their body. pH of some of these pools can reach as low as 3.5. But not looking to get banned from national parks, I opted not to collect from the source. Over a crucial ingredient to sulfuric acid is sulfur, which I was able to collect in your death valley at an old sulfur mine. This area was home to a small mining town started in the 1920s. In 1953, a sulfur dust explosion destroyed the main mill site. It was mined off and on the following years, but today remains abandoned. So we're working with some potentially dangerous chemicals, so you want to make sure you wear proper protection.  Now we're ready for some alchemy. In the ancient art of alchemy, there is a collection of compounds known as vitriol. There are things like blue vitriol, green vitriol, and all of them you can turn into oil of vitriol or sulfuric acid. This is blue vitriol or copper sulfate, and this is iron sulfate or green vitriol. But really any compound that contains sulfur will likely work. So just straight sulfur that we've collected in California would also work. Then we've also gotten iron pyrite, which is another form of iron sulfate. A lot of sulfate compounds are really likely crystallized really nicely by just dissolving some of the powder and laying it dry out and recrystallize. And a lot of alchemy is about looking for mysterious stones like the philosopher's stone. So it feels fitting to start from some crystals, but any of these should work. So the process for all of them is basically heating them up until the chemical compound on each of them break apart releasing sulfur, which then reacts with oxygen in the air to produce sulfur oxide. Then when it's reacted with water, produces sulfurous acid, which is a weak acid, but over time it will react to oxygen producing sulfuric acid, which is a much stronger acid. And the entire process is going to be probably pretty dilute, but if we do a large amount of quantity, we can hopefully then boil it down to relatively concentrated sulfuric acid. We'll see how high we can get it. Right here I'm going to plant a red cabbage, and sexual purpose is going to be the fact that it has the nice characteristic that it can indicate pH. And we can use this to test different samples to measure acidity. But into this one a little bit, but it still works. So we have the red cabbage from the garden, and this contains a chemical called anthocyanin, anthocyanin, anthocyanin, which is a pH indicator. So whether it's neutral, basic, or acid, it will change color, basically, to tell you. This is a really easy way to test the pH. So you're going to grind this up into a paste, and then we're going to test a few different compounds and see if they're acidic or basic or neutral. So there's just water in there, so that should be neutral, for the same purple. Concrete is basic, and you can see it's already turned blue when it touches that. This is vinegar, so this should be acidic. Ooh. So that's acidic. It starts to turn red. Then we have some ammonia, which is basic. This should turn it blue, I believe, and green. And this is just water, so it should remain purple. Yep, pretty. We previously were able to do distilling to make moonshot using a ceramic distiller. However, needing to reach much higher temperatures, there's going to be a high risk of cracking and failure if we use it for this. So to save some headaches, let's substitute it with a metal alternative.  However, using store-bought glass retort reveals that glass probably wasn't going to work too great with these temperatures either. All right, so we'll start with the first chemical, and that's the copper sulfate, originally blue, and we heated it over the coals, and that turned it white. The reason for that is because it originally is attached to several molecules of water, so we basically dehydrated it and removed it, which turned it into a white powder, which goes one step closer to the next step, which is heating it even further to break down the chemical bond, to release the sulfur, portrait with the oxygen, and then get pushed out of the retort into the water. Ideally, we wanted to try and make this out of our own cast metal, but with the fire, we're a little limited in doing that, so I'm going to substitute it with some just store-bought pipe, but this should offer a much higher level of success and actually screw it airtight. It should also be a little bit safer and a little bit less likely to break on us. This will work, but just load it up, put in the coals, and then dip this end under water to get the reaction with the water. I'm going to use the glass speaker so you can see a little bit better of one of Bubbles. That tells us it's still neutral based on our homemade pH detector. I'm going to use these more accurate ones to get a more definitive reading, because that's about neutral at seven. Then we wait. All right, so it's been going for a few hours now, so hopefully we have some reaction going on in the water. Hopefully it's dropped its pH, at least a little bit, so take one of these pH strips that are a little bit more accurate. Dip it in there. The tub of water is starting to get a little cloudy, especially at the bottom, so that might be a good sign. Looking pretty solidly at a six in pH, which means slightly acidic, because pH is logarithmic. It's going to take a pretty large production to get anywhere stronger than that. We're not even as acidic as like orange juice. We have a bit of a ways to go before we get anything too concentrated, but I think this is basically the process to just do it over and over again, get a large supply with it in the water. Over time it should react and turn more acidic, and then we can also boil it down and concentrate any of the sulfuric acid that's in it. It's going to be a decent amount of work, but hopefully we can boil it down and get a decent yield. So let's cue the montage. Over the next few weeks I ran this process over and over again using the different ingredients, and each time you lean a pretty similar result. Each time I reacted it into a roughly 1000 ml of water, and the result was somewhere between 5-6 pH each time, meaning a result around 1 mg of sulfuric acid for each run. How long the oxidization to actual sulfuric acid took was something that still kind of remains unknown to me, but containers of the reacted water that I left out did seem to lower in pH over time. I likely could have used the same water each time and gotten more and more concentrated, but to be safe I used fresh water each time and then boiled it down and combined them. A lot of the coloration that came from it I assume is iron oxide which settled out. This process is actually pretty much the same process that causes acid rain. Compounds containing sulfur are burned, releasing sulfur dioxide into the air, which then reacts with water particles in the clouds, forming sulfuric acid which then gets rained down. So the big challenge with this process is that the yield is pretty low, and without much details to go from it's hard to figure out the best way to maximize my yield. And because pH works on a logarithmic scale, going down a single unit of pH requires me to either produce 10 times as much acid or concentrate it to 1 tenth of volume. So after repeating the process a little over a dozen times I was able to yield a concentrated amount that was about a pH of 2, which is pretty acidic, but it's a very small quantity for a large amount of work, but this is something I can start actually using for industrial purposes. Sulfuric acid is a pretty corrosive compound, but to actually dissolve flesh requires a surprisingly high concentration of it. I've burned myself plenty of times in various experiments using sulfuric acid, so I know even a little amount will hurt. But I ran an experiment with some chicken wings to see how much different strength of sulfuric acid will dissolve the actual flesh, even with some pretty low pH amounts. Only the nearly pure sulfuric acid made a huge dent in the flesh. So that's the end result of all of this work, just a very small amount, but enough to really burn yourself if I were to spill it. Not enough to really dissolve flesh, considering how really inefficient this process is, it's very surprising that early alchemists were able to even identify this as a unique substance. Likely they had better processes to maximize their yields and that knowledge has just kind of been lost to the ages. So an interesting thing is that over the past several years I've enlisted several chemists to try and help me find a way to produce acids from scratch, and the reality is it's not that easy. We've tried a few different methods, and none of them really yielded a high amount. A lot of modern methods are very industrial scale, use catalysts that if you're trying to make everything from scratch it makes a little bit more difficult. One other way that's been going long term in the background is taking some of the iron pyrite we collected and just soaking it in water. For a while we were just heating this under a low temperature and just adding more water to it, and this is kind of the reaction that happens in a lot of mining sites where various sulfides are left in water and then some of the sulfur leaks out and ends up forming sulfuric acid. It's a very slow process and this has been sitting around in solution for at least a couple years now. All right, so let's take a little reading from this guy. The pyrite has been pulverized, so it's kind of sits in the solution, but it's probably a three. So that's a process that's taken several years and it's still not caught up to the reaction we just did. So here we have the red cabbage that's been ground up to use as a pH indicator, and we have our acid that we are able to manufacture and we can prove it's an acid because it turns red. So confirmation, we have made acid. So sulfuric acid is a really important chemical to have for variety uses. It makes it really easy to produce a bunch of different acids from it and they'll be really useful for two main purposes that I have in mind, a lead acid battery. And finally, it returned to the camera project. So we can finally finish up and make camera film using nitric acid and silver. Thanks again to everyone for watching and all of our supporters on Patreon and everyone who participated in a recent auction. We'll have a new video in the next couple weeks updating on the status of the workshop and everything. So stay tuned for that and thanks for watching. If you enjoyed this video, be sure to subscribe and check out other content we have covering a wide variety of topics. Also, if you've enjoyed these series, consider supporting us on Patreon. We are largely a fan-funded channel and depend on the support of our viewers in order to keep our series going. Thanks for watching.


All right, let me see what I got here. Hobo. I mean. We have a harvest challenge champion. There are zeros on the clock. Indio, California. Your native son is bringing Hobo best. Hobo is your harvest. But what is up with these guys? Super bummer dude. Tillman, are we like anywhere near that? Are we anywhere like anywhere near that motherfucker? I mean that's got, I mean Tillman has no shot. All right, all right. All right, Tillman's got no shot. I don't know how to stop that, honestly.  Catch kid. And blocks a little bit. White man, all palms on me.  All right, we gotta do something about this title. Could have been a pick. Could have been a pick. Could have, could have. Should have, would have, could have been a pick. Oh, could have been like two hands. Two hands, what are we doing? Two hands, game. Deep in. I'm living with that 10 times out of 10, dude. Good throw. Good throw right there. Good throw. That's a good defense.  I'm not mad at that one at all. He just wants to be on this side, I think. I think he's like, he likes this side better against me right now, which is, I mean, not a bad thing right now, honestly. Fumble, fumble. Oh, come on, baby. That's a pick.  That dude was manned up on him. It could have been a pick. That dude, that was manned up on the running back. Like, that was such honestly good.  There's just no way you drew that hat. There's no way.    There's no way you're that bad. There's just no way, and I don't fair catch that.  Why would I fair catch one?   I just don't want to twitch chat. I really don't.  Oh, I look down at CJ Stroud.  I mean, I like the defense I ran, man.  I don't know how it was literally that bad though. I don't know how it was that bad. Like, I don't know how Dawkins got his face thrown right at. Like, Dawkins just needs to make a play on that football there. Just needs to. Just miserable that he gives that up in the back then, so I'm gonna give up the touchdown. Dog, how do you not get that pass off for me right there?   Oh, you do all that and get stood up right there like that? Good job. Come on. Good drive right there, boys. Good drive, good drive, good drive. Hey, hey, hey, hey, oh my God. He's Edge Blinken. Let's go, man. Good defense. Take that Titan out of the game, man. Take him out of the game. That's a touchdown if he wasn't Blinken. No, I didn't even, I knew he was Blinken either.  Come on. I'll side-mutted this something for me right there. I can't even lie to the boys.   God, I mean, that's just being good, dude. For real, I can't lie. That's a good play button. That's why you have a six foot two running back, baby.  Good defense, bro. Like, I swear to God, it's like he knew my plays the last two plays.   He just couldn't guard Edge that far. Good call, but that was the one, dude. All right, man, no big plays here, Dabi. Come on.      I cut off the inside so he couldn't...  It's just perfect.  And the rest of the team is just lost, dude. That just cannot happen. I don't know what I could have did. I guess I got always got to make him go back to the middle. That's my fault, dude. Like I had a dude on the left and a dude, like...  It was like, I felt like it was really good defense.  Oh my God. No way he made that fucking... Oh my God. I mean, curse.   Like are we serious right now? We're just like, I can't stop pearls, just throw pearls. That was like great defense, too, bro.   If I guard that guy, we win the game. If I guard that guy right there, we win the game. I just like, I was too slow. Ah, if I guard that guy, I win the game.   I thought I could fight and not throw a pick.  Well, this is why we practice, boys. I had people on the angle route, I really did. Like I had coverage, I had good coverage out there. I did, I just, I was on the tight end. So I had to guard the tight end corner out. So I carried them until he went to a streak and I was like too far away to change my hips and like, ah, this was bad. That one play was like, I really do feel like I'm playing great defense right now. I mean, if I make a tackle on that one play, he just has to wait for you so much more time. Well, I wouldn't, why wouldn't my homes not make that throw, you know? God damn it, dude, we played well. We played well, dude, we played well. GG, dawg. He ran that same for a two-pointer earlier in the game, dude. That was a good game. Fuck, man. I didn't really get stuck, right?  He really did. I had the juke, he got through there. I feel like this is such a good call, especially when I motion over and get numbers like this. Look at this, we just need, if par, dude. I just like, he made the play, dude, he made the play.  You're right, if 70 doesn't turn back, we score there. We score right here. If 70 doesn't turn back like that, cause we'll fall forward and like not get hit by him, dude. But, you know, I think it's a good call. You know, it's tough to pass there. And I feel like I had numbers right there. GGs though, like GGs, GGs. I sold on that pick, man. I really did.


Good morning and welcome back to the NPTEL course on Classics in Total Synthesis. So we have been discussing total synthesis of several natural products and the last class we talked in details about K. C. Nikolaus' Total Synthesis of Taxol using Dealsol reaction as the key reaction. So today so we will move ahead and then we will talk about one more total synthesis which was reported by Danie Scherzky's group. As you know in the 20th century there were 6 total synthesis and the first one was reported by Robert Halton and almost at the same time Nikolaus also reported the total synthesis of Taxol and 2 years later Danie Scherzky reported the total synthesis and a year later Paul Wender reported the total synthesis from the chiral terpid called Verbino. And in 1998 Kovacima reported the total synthesis of Taxol and Mukayama reported the total synthesis of Taxol from an Amino acid. So today when we talk about total synthesis of Taxol by Danie Scherzky so what he did was he made first the backatein. So the backatein means so this is the backatein structure okay. First he made the total synthesis of backatein then followed by attaching the side chain thus he completed the total synthesis of Taxol. It was reported in 1996 and he started with a very well known starting material called Weyland-Mesher ketone. So Weyland-Mesher ketone is commercially available as well as one can prepare in optically active form from 2-methyl cyclohexane 1-3-dione using L-proline as the chiral promoter in the Robinson annihilation sequence okay. So his scheme was started with as I said Weyland-Mesher ketone and if you look at the Weyland-Mesher ketone and then Taxol you can see here this X-mombard ring has the carbonyl function which later will be converted into the hydroxyl group here and then you have the angular methyl group already fixed. So this forms the C-ring of Taxol okay. So he thought of making the C-ring of Taxol this is A-ring, this is B-ring, this is C-ring and then you have D-ring also okay. So the C-ring of Taxol came from this cyclohexane and later he cleaved the other 6-mombard ring which later become the 8-mombard ring of Taxol okay. So let us see how he worked on the total synthesis. So first let us start with the construction or synthesis of C-ring because I said he started with Weyland-Mesher ketone with the intention of making the C-ring from the cyclohexane one ring okay. So this was made from the cyclohexane 1,3-dione 2 methyl cyclohexane 1,3-dione using asymmetric Robinson annihilation to get the Weyland-Mesher ketone okay in optical active form. Then you have 2 carbonyl groups one is alpha, beta unsaturated ketone other one is a normal carbonyl group okay. One can selectively reduce the carbonyl group of C-ring using sodium borohydrate and ethanol. You can take 0.25 equivalents of sodium borohydrate and do it at sub 0 you can get this alcohol. Once you have this alcohol you can protect the alcohol as acetate by treating with acetic anated and D-map. Now when you protect the carbonyl group of the alpha, beta unsaturated ketone under acidic condition what happens invariably the double bond migrates to the other ring okay. So this well known in the literature when you protect the ketone of alpha, beta unsaturated ketone the double bond migrates to the other ring okay. Now as you know for the C-ring you need to functionalize these 2 carbon atoms because that is where you have the oxidant ring. So the pushing of the double bond to the other ring actually helps. So how it helps now the double bond if you do hydroboration and oxidation you will get the hydroxyl group at this carbon okay. So before that you have to remove the acetate okay so that could be easily done by treatment with sodium ethoxide methanol then protect the alcohol okay, re-protect the alcohol as TBS ether okay, protect this as TBS ether. Then as I said you do the hydroboration oxidation and you introduce the hydroxyl group. Now using this hydroxyl group you have to introduce the oxidant okay. The first step is obviously the oxidation of the secondary alcohol to the ketone okay. So now you have the ketone from this ketone he got the oxidant by 2 different roots okay. The first root where he has used trimethylsulfonium elide okay when you have this trimethylsulfonium iodide treatment with potassium exomethyl disoloside it forms trimethylsulfonium elide okay. That elide attacks this carbonate group and it forms the epoxide okay. Now if you treat with a Lewis acid aluminum triisopropoxide that opens the epoxide and it generates a positive charge followed by loss of proton you get the allylic alcohol. So now what you have done you have introduced another functional group. So using this double bond one can get the oxytane which is required in the CDV. Another method to get this allylic alcohol he started with the same ketone but what he did was he treated with a base potassium exomethyl disoloside generates anion and he quenched that enolate with pH NTF2 to form the enol triflate. Once you have enol triflate then palladium catalyzed carbonyl insertion okay palladium catalyzed carbonyl insertion followed by attack of the intermediate with methanol one can convert the enol triflate to alpha beta unsaturated ester okay. Once you have alpha beta unsaturated ester simple reduction with the dipole gives the same allylic alcohol okay. So the allylic alcohol was prepared by two different routes and this method actually involved four steps whereas the earlier method involved only two steps. So with this allylic alcohol in hand the next task for dinosaurs group is to make the oxytane ring that the four membered oxytane ring. So for that you need to do a dihydroxylation okay so simple osman tetroxide dihydroxylation gave a mixture of the required triol with some amount of the unwanted triol okay. Now if you see so the hydroxyl group here which is should be alpha in the taxol if you see that is OAC then this CH2OH also should be beta and using this you can cyclize here okay. So what you need to do is the primary alcohol you have to protect it then the secondary alcohol you have to make it as a good leaving group then you make the oxytane ring followed by protection of the tertiary alcohol. So the primary alcohol was in C2 in C2 protected as TMS either as you know TMS is a level protecting group and that was protected then the secondary alcohol so the secondary alcohol was protected as triplet okay the secondary alcohol was protected as a triplet. So now you can see the secondary alcohol is made as a good leaving group now if you remove the TMS if you remove the TMS automatically the O- can attack intramolecularly and form the oxytane ring. So this was accidentally observed by treating with ethylene glycol so when they reflex with ethylene glycol so it removed the TMS and then also formed the oxytate. They also got a very interesting product if you look at this product you can easily you know explain how this would have formed when you see a 1-2 diol when you see a 1-2 diol one rearrangement which should come to your mind is pinnacol, pinnacol and rearrangement is not it. So here the secondary alcohol is made as a good leaving group and you have a tertiary alcohol so automatically the reaction which should come to your mind is pinnacol, pinnacol and rearrangement. So this product is obtained by pinnacol, pinnacol and rearrangement okay the expected product the required product was converted into the corresponding benzylate that is the tertiary alcohol the tertiary alcohol was protected as benzyl ether though if you look at the natural product the tertiary alcohol should be protected as acetate but acetate is a level protecting group and this has to undergo so many functional group transformation this particular intermediate has to undergo so many functional group transformation. So it is better to keep a more stable protecting group than what is really required at the end so with that idea Dianichel's group protected the tertiary alcohol as benzyl ether okay. Then you have to remove the ketal as you know this 6 membered ring now it should be converted into 8 membered ring is not it. So for that you have to remove the ketal to ketone that is easily achieved by treating with toluene sulphonic acid and acetone in the presence of water. So now you have the ketone and you have to clean this carbon this carbon carbon bond needs to be cleaned. So how this can be done you have to make enol ether is not it. So the enol ether formation is quite simple and straight forward if you take this ketone and then treat with TMS triflate then you get the corresponding enol TMS ether okay. This enol TMS ether if you treat with epoxidizing agents like dimethyl dioxide and DMDO okay then what you get is the corresponding epoxide. Now the epoxide can be opened with camphor sulphonic acid to get alpha hydroxy ketone okay. So this alpha hydroxy ketone means when you have alpha hydroxy ketone if you treat with L-tetra acetate then this C-C bond can be easily cleaned when it cleaves the top portion that is the hydroxy carbon will become aldehyde the carbonyl one if you use methanol then it will become corresponding methyl ester. So now you can see clearly here so you have the CD ring in place and the B ring now earlier it was 6 rumble ring now that has been opened okay. So it has to be converted into 8 rumble ring and at the same time you also have to attach the A ring okay A ring and B ring together it should be attached. So how he did? So if you look at this you have a carbonyl group in the form of aldehyde and another carbonyl group in the form of ester one can easily differentiate these two okay. As you know carbonyl group of aldehyde is more reactive so that aldehyde is protected as acetol with methanol and mylacid so you have protected the aldehyde now. Now what you need is you have to remove one carbon you have to remove one carbon and get aldehyde there okay I will tell you why we need that when I come to the attachment of A ring to this okay. So this is done first you reduce the ester to alcohol with LAH then what you need as I said you need to remove one carbon basically you have to cleave this okay. You have to cleave this to get this aldehyde so this is the intermediate you need because this upon treatment with A ring so you have A ring which is a 6 ombre ring that 6 ombre ring can be easily attached to this aldehyde okay. This has one extra carbon this has one extra carbon that extra carbon should be removed how one can remove if you carefully look at this if you can convert this alcohol into a double bond okay if you can convert this alcohol into a double bond then simple was analysis you can get this aldehyde is not it you can remove one carbon. So how do you introduce a double bond okay that is a very interesting method where you can treat this with this corresponding selenocyanide, autonitrofinite selenocyanide in the presence of tributylposphine so what happens the O H is replaced with this corresponding selenium okay when we introduce selenium you know in the literature it is well known for example if you have a ketone if you want to introduce a double bond next to the ketone normally what you do you treat with a base and then treat with phenyl selenyl chloride so that you can introduce a CPH at the alpha carbon. Now mild treatment with you know parasites like MCPVA hydrogen peroxide it will oxidize the selenium to selenoxide and then automatically selenoxide elimination will take place to introduce the double bond. So once you have done this now you introduce the selenogru just treat with hydrogen peroxide so as I said it will oxidize the selenium to corresponding selenoxide followed by elimination of corresponding autonitro selenic acid you get the double bond. So once you have the double bond it is very simple and straight forward you do the was analysis okay was analysis will give the already. So now you have the real CD ring with two substitutions at C ring which can be attached to A ring to form the B ring okay. So with this now you will see how they made the A ring okay they started with very very simple compound so one is methyl acrylate other one is 3 pentalobe these two are commercially available okay methyl acrylate and 3 pentalobe. Now if you treat with sodium ethoxide methanol okay very interesting see you can see first the enolate that is carbon ion is formed here and it undergoes 1, 4 addition and another enolate forming on the other carbon the carbon ion can attack this and it gives a very good yield decent yield of this cyclohexane okay cyclohexane 1, 3 diodes okay 1, 3 diodes okay and then two position you have methyl group and two and four position you have methyl group 2, 4 dimethyl now what you need is you need if you look at taxol at this carbon you need one more methyl group so that is very simple you treat with sodium hydride and then methyl iodide look at this compound okay. So now it has all the function groups present in A ring you treat with hydrazine okay why hydrazine because later he wanted to introduce a vinyl iodide he wanted to introduce a vinyl iodide so it is well known if you have hydrazine and then treat with bases like DBU or DBN and iodine it will form the corresponding vinyl iodide so that is what he did okay but what happened when he treated with excess iodine and DBN excess iodine and DBN okay so one more iodine was introduced at this carbon okay and followed by elimination we got another double bond okay two double bonds were formed it is okay good so now what we need is as I said this iodine should be exchanged with lithium and added to the aldehyde okay so before that this carbonate group should be protected isn't it if you have to treat with the tertiary butyl lithium to exchange the carbonyl group should be protected okay so how to protect the carbonyl group you can in situ protect with TMS cyanide and catalytic amount of potassium cyanide so basically it is a cyanohydrin formation okay the cyanohydrin formation and the cyanohydrin hydroxyl group is protected as TMS ether okay then if you treat with tertiary butyl lithium the iodine will be exchanged with lithium so this is the A ring once you have this A ring already we have made the C ring with the aldehyde okay straight away you can add this vinyl lithium which is prepared in situ and added to this aldehyde okay now we can see you have coupled the A ring and C D ring A ring and C D ring okay now what you should do you should get back you should get back the ketone here. So if you take one equivalent of T BAP okay you have TBS as well as O TMS but O TMS is very labile so you can easily cleave the O TMS so that means it becomes O minus as you know cyanohydrin are unstable that is because cyanohydrin if we have base then it will form O minus when O minus is there O minus will come back and then eliminate cyanide so here that is the same principle once you treat with T BAP immediately TMS group goes and then you form O minus that O minus O minus here comes and then cyanide comes out and you get the ketone okay. So what is to be done if you look at taxol at this position you have a hydroxyl group is not it at this position you have a hydroxyl group so now you have a double bond so that double bond should be converted into a hydroxyl group. So if you treat with MCPBA if you treat this compound with MCPBA there are 2 double bonds okay one is electron rich other one is electron deficient because this double bond you can say it is allylic alcohol okay. So now if you treat with MCPBA only this double bond will be epoxidized only this double bond will be epoxidized okay. Then you have to open the epoxide you have to open the epoxide as you know if you have allylic ether benzylic ether allylic epoxide then under hydrogenalysis condition one can cleave this type of CO okay it is like hydrogenalysis of allylic ethers benzyl ethers and this also an allylic ether is not it. So if you treat with hydrogenation condition at low temperature very important because otherwise you have benzyl group here O benzyl that also will be removed okay under minus 5 degrees one can selectively open the epoxide to get the hydroxyl group okay. Now once you have these 2 hydroxyl group just reduce the enone reduce the enone with L select right okay. Then you protect this diol protect this diol 1, 2 diol with pass gene okay with pass gene to get the corresponding cyclic carbonate. The southern hemisphere now it is fully functionalized southern hemisphere of taxol is fully functionalized okay. Now what we need to do is you have to connect the northern hemisphere okay. So original plan was to carry out an intramolecular heck reaction okay. So for that what you need you need this to be enol triflate okay. So that is very easy you treat with base and coincide with the corresponding tripletation so you get the enol triflate and for heck reaction other side you need double bond. So you have to remove this acetal and convert into double bond that is also simple. So remove the acetal and then do a vitic reaction you get double bond. So now you see the key intermediate is there and successful intramolecular heck cyclization between this vinyl triflate and the double bond should give 8-mombard ring with exocyclic double bond okay. So that is what happened. So you take the vinyl triflate and then treat with you know tetrakis palladium phosphorus. So as you know this is a very interesting reaction and you got a decent yield of this 8-mombard ring okay. This intramolecular heck cyclization gave this 8-mombard ring okay. So now you remove the TBS with the t-buff and re-protect it as TS because TBS was creating trouble so they change to TS either. So now what you need to do is you need to remove the double bond okay. So the removing the double bond at the same time you have to introduce a hydroxyl group here, carbonyl group here okay. So before removing the double bond first he has to protect this internal double bond okay. So that was done with the MCBBA okay. Then you do the OS analysis and before doing OS analysis you can remove the benzyl group. Now the benzyl group okay it has served its purpose okay. You can remove the benzyl group and get the alcohol then acetylate because in taxol you need the acetate isn't it? Yeah so do the acetate protecting. Now you treat with phenyl lithium as you know in the B ring this is O-benzoate okay. To get O-benzoate if you treat with phenyl lithium it opens region selectively and you get O-benzoate here and at the bridgehead you have hydroxyl group. So this is well established by others so straight away you get this compound. Now if you look at this it has almost all the functional groups except in B ring you need a ketone and acetate and also this epoxide which was originally protected is not required okay. So now what you do you treat with asmin tetroxide followed by cleavage with red tetra acetate it is a standard method to get the ketone okay double bond to ketone. Now if you treat with samarium iodide, samarium iodide your radical anion followed by opening of this epoxide to get alder like product that upon treatment with acetic anion undergoes elimination and you reintroduce the double bond in A ring at the same time what you got is the ketone functional group. But in taxol you have ketone here and you have O acetate here, isn't it? So how will you do that? How you introduce ketone here and acetate? So how it is done you generate enolate okay generate enolate and then treat with you know introduce an oxygen using this particular reagent. So basically what you have done is you enolate and then introduce a hydroxyl group and once again when you treat with potassium tertibutoxide the it rearranges it becomes this side it becomes ketone this side it becomes hydroxyl group okay. Now that compound if you acetate and this is what you need this is what you need for taxol. Now if you see you have everything what is required in the ring except the side chain here okay. So that is simple so you oxidize with PCC and you get the alpha beta and such a ketone that alpha beta and such a ketone if you reduce with sodium borovide you get the allylic alcohol okay. So now the allylic alcohol if you treat with HF pyridine if you treat with HF pyridine then you get a natural compound called bactatein 3 okay. So he synthesized bactatein 3 but instead if he takes this compound if he takes this compound then treat with ogemas lactam okay this we already discussed when we talked about total synthesis of taxol by K. C. Nicolau we discussed this okay. So you take this alcohol and treat with ogemas lactam then you can get or you can easily introduce the side chain. So now what you need is you have to remove this TS group if you remove the TS group that will be the taxol molecule okay HF pyridine you could successfully remove the TS group that gave taxol. So you could successfully synthesize taxol from commercially available Veylon Mischer ketone and also the 2, 4 trimethyl cyclohexane 1, 3-dione which also can be easily prepared from methyl acrylate and 3-pentanol okay. So that is how his synthesis was very simple and straightforward and it is though the number of steps is more but it involved you know very simple and straightforward synthesis okay thank you.


All right, you guys back in my car got some recycling in the back Okay, so after I posted the video Taking you guys along to the Charlotte, Joanne Many of you commented that you'd like to see the Hobby Lobby So I've got to head out to the Hobby Lobby today because I need buttons for the trench coat I'm working on as As well as this little number that you guys are going to see in Maybe a week or so I'm doing kind of like a little comparison to hopefully educate you guys on Why I like Vertical fish I dart so much so that'll be fun But I've got to get some buttons to finish up both of those projects So I thought I would take you along with me and we can check out the Hobby Lobby together what I'm Expecting based on the Charleston Hobby Lobby and what I've seen online from other people's Pauls and whatnot is that there is going to be Limited garment fashion fabrics perfectly fine But what I am eager to learn is more about their pattern selection. So the Charleston, Joanne was seriously so good at Getting the new patterns in stock that I never bought patterns at the Hobby Lobby. I just never needed to So I don't know if there's a sale going on I'm not even really planning on buying any patterns today But I want to see what books they have out and then I want to see if they have the new patterns out It would be amazing like top-notch quality if they had the new vogue spring That would be 10 out of 10 This would be my go-to pattern purchasing place a lot of alliteration there But if they don't have that then simplicity spring early spring would be next and then Before that wasn't it but Erick's early spring So I want to see if they had any patterns that came out in 2019 because the Joanne does not So just do a little comparison on the pattern front and see what it's like. It's a little bit of a hike It's further out than my Joanne is so it's got to be good in order for me to make this trek But we're on our way. It's a beautiful sunny day even though. Well, I mean it's 50 degrees so By all accounts not that bad. I don't even have a jacket today. Just this like wool sweater. Goodwill Anyways, check back with you guys when I get there fingers crossed that I don't get lost Okay, all right, I found it it looks like every other hobby lobby I've been to so far and if I thought that Where the Joanne was was like desolate and then all of a sudden out of nowhere pops up a strip mall this place is like Even pushing that envelope even further. There's literally every single Retail store you can think of in Like a half mile area. I'm talking literally all of them This is just like commerce Amplified to a level I have never seen before Um, but anyways, we're here the store actually does look pretty big So that's good and if I like their selection I could certainly knock out all my errands in this one area. So it's not like I'm just coming out here and then That's all I can do. So there would be good time management associated, which is nice. I might have forgotten my Ear buds, so I'm not sure how much you're going to Be able to hear me But I'll do my best to speak loudly and not scare people in there talking to my phone Okay, let's see what it's like. Okay, so they actually have four racks I Four of a payroll fabric My the Charleston, Joanne only seemed to have Maybe like one or two. So this is impressive. It is a lot of polyester Also, it's not organized like all the lightweight like drapey stuff isn't together in the cotton stuff together or the eyelet It's not like that It's not even organized by color. I don't really know if it's organized at all, but there are some really like pretty prints And it seems to be okay quality, you know, I mean it certainly is cheap I mean that's six dollars a yard and then 30% off So I mean at the very least they do like to cover Yeah, 100% polyester, but Cotton feel it just feel like a wall or something. Anyways So, yeah, that's what we have in terms of that isn't even a payroll fabric. That's just Valentine's Day But this is what we have very kind of trendy, right I mean look come on How cute is that right And then adorable little kids out that all they have our kids clothes displayed I think because it takes so few So little fabric to make That is adorable. How did they? Get the back because I was just wondering if I made shorts like this How do you not sit on? the things Did they pull them all off? Doesn't look like it Because that's a super cute outfit that I would make an adult version that fabric is Right here So it's 11 90 90 yard and then 30% off But where's the coordinating? backside This one has pearls all over it I'll ask her and see what she says. Anyways Let's go check out the patterns Which are right job Okay, so we've got McCall's early spring We've got simplicity early spring And that's it. No Vogue I didn't miss speak earlier. I was talking about McCall's early spring not Butterrick so let's see if we can find One of the case this was definitely an early spring pattern M7 889 so let's see if we can find M7 889 788 Well, that doesn't make any sense 7886 to 8146. Maybe they're not in order 7. Oh, yeah. Yeah, they have them all in There's 886 And that's Vogue So wait, they don't have them Okay, let me do some more digging before I film this Okay, so from what I can tell they do have the new simplicity spring Or early spring remember that one Definitely remember that one because I want to get that one But they don't have McCall's So that makes me feel like maybe They aren't shipping to storms, I mean That seems crazy, but yeah, they don't have anything that goes past 7886 so all the New ones they don't have but they do have a large inventory and it's all organized so That's a plus but yeah Bummer and the McCall's one has been out longer than the simplicity So looks like maybe I'll be ordering online like I thought Quark fabric to make like tow bags or clutch bags so $23 a yard it won't focus but Come on There we go $23 a yard and then all their home duck stuff is 30% off always so What would that be still like 16 $17 a yard Sorry, I got a phone call. So that would be like 16 $17 a yard. You don't need that much to make something It's so wide to Okay, not getting it today, but noted They also have a really cool clearance home deck clearance and then also Remnants So that's nice to search through But other than that everything else is pretty standard stuff So okay, so I'm all done The pattern thing I asked her about it. She said if we have the books we have the pattern So maybe that one pattern is missing and I'm like no I'm like there's a whole chunk, but supposedly the woman that runs the department was on her lunch break and So the girl that was helping me didn't really know what she was talking about I'll get back to that though the shorts with the pearls on them So they're two different fabrics the front fabric with the pearls on it is one and then there is a chambray That is the backside So when I grabbed those two fabrics they didn't match so it must have been like a Different di run a different batch a different bolt Something it just it just was a little bit off and there's even like a really really light colored one And they didn't look right together either and I know that like Joanne has that pearl chambray So I can go replicate that with Fabrics that I know I can find other places no big deal But when I was asking her about the shorts she did offer to go Into the break room and ask the lady.  So all of the questions I had in Response to her the answer. She had gotten from the fabric department lady She's like, yeah, I don't know and I wasn't gonna have her run back there like 14 times. That was silly I said I would just come back But I did buy a couple of things so I thought I'd show you what I got First of all, I got my buttons that I needed. I Got one set of buttons that I needed you guys I literally want the most simple buttons that I know I've seen a thousand times before But Joanne didn't have them. These people didn't have them. So I'm gonna have to go to One of the notions places in New York City will not go to but go to their website. What's the the big one? I can't think of the name of it. Oh Anyways, it'll come to me. I Really can't think of it. Anyways, I'm gonna have to go online to find the buttons is long story short Um, I also got some shoulder pads that I need for the coat So that was something I hadn't thought of that I needed but I saw and I got and then so okay So this is the chambray that is the backside of those shorts that didn't match the pearl eyes chambray but I did get a bunch of this because it was like $5 a yard after the discount and When I saw this I knew exactly what I would make with the chambray Ta-da, it is Tassel trim and all these different colors so cute right and then so I'm gonna make like a Like a maybe off the shoulder A-line trapeze Tint like dress And use this as the hem Something like trying to do this in the car something like this Won't that be so cute on the hem of a dress? and then I got some extra so if I wanted to do it or there's like a If there's like a flap or something I can do it there too or maybe only they are not on the hem I don't know I'm gonna play around with it But I just thought the colors were so fun and the scale was right for a hem So I got a bunch of this the trim was all 50% off to actually everything I got today was on sale the notions were half off trims half off and the fabric is 30% off But this was only $6.99 to start with so it wasn't super expensive to start with but anyways, so there you have it. There's my First experience at the hobby lobby Technically, I'm in Matthews, North Carolina, and I feel like Matthews and Pineville Total opposites so the Joanne was like we need to not be near the hobby lobby and the hobby lobby is like we need to not be near the Joanne so they Conspired and they're like this far apart But out here there is also a Michaels and a That other art More AC more crafts never been there before maybe they'll have my buttons. Maybe I should swing by there and see if they have the buttons Those craft stores really just don't have a great button selection, but I am already out here. I Don't want to add to my to-do list. All right. Well, I gotta go because I'm an extra errand to run now, but Thanks for joining along. I Hope you enjoyed this and I'll see you all very soon. Bye


Ukraine may receive high-precision-guided GLS-DB bombs from US for strikes in rear of Russian forces. Politico media outlet, citing four sources, reported that the Pentagon has successfully tested a new high-precision long-range ground-launched small-diameter bombs. GLS-DBs, an American official speaking on the condition of anonymity, told Politico that GLS-DBs, with an effective range of more than 150 kilometers, would be a significant capability for Ukraine, allowing strikes in the deeper rear of the Russian forces. The United States announced the supply of these guided aircraft bombs in February 2023. However, because this is a new weapon, it had to be tested, even though it is not yet in service with the American Army. As a result, the provision of GLS-DB was eventually postponed until the beginning of 2024. GLS-DB is a GPS-guided bomb that can override electronic interference and is suitable for use in all weather conditions. It can also be launched from armored vehicles. The GLS-DB would allow the Ukrainian military to hit targets twice as far as it is currently firing from US-supplied high-mobility artillery rocket systems, forcing Russia to relocate its logistics even further away from the front lines. At the end of last year, it was revealed that Ukraine had received a small batch of ATA CMS long-range missiles from the US.


So today guys I bring you a short but sweet outriders video talking about the patch that was actually supposed to arrive today but it's been delayed. Today we get the reason behind the delay and then when the patch will actually arrive. How's it going guys? My name is DPJ and if you enjoyed the video leaving a like really helps out and if you like what you see and want to see more outriders be sure to subscribe. So the patch we're supposed to get today was the one that actually buffed many many of the classes. It was actually one I was really looking forward to. But a tweet by people can fly not long ago spoke about how this patch has been delayed and the reason being is as follows. They said this on Reddit. Hi everyone as you know we were hoping to release our latest patch today. We have however made the difficult decision to push the patch back to Thursday. We've explained this decision below. We encountered a couple of crash issues and needed help to determine the risk they may pose. During our final test so the latest patch our team encountered two different crash scenarios as described below. Issue one. Every way issue that after installing the patch appeared to cause the game to crash on launch for a small number of testers. After a certain number of years the launch crushes the game launched without any issues and the crushes did not reappear. Issue two. An issue that can cause the game to crush your players when returning to the lobby from a multiplayer session. Theory the crush may only occur when one of the party members is a pyromancer and has specific skills e.g. heatwave or overheat and mods e.g tidal wave equipped. These pyromancers are always causing trouble people. Throughout our ongoing work on our riders we only encountered these issues for the first time when testing our latest patch. Using specific reproduction steps we are able to trigger these crushes between 20-40% of the time. However our recent community research indicates that both of these crushes may already be present in the game but have never been formally diagnosed until now because testing didn't encounter them. If this is the case then this patch wouldn't actually introduce any new issues and could be considered safe. So here's where we ended up today. Option A. Release the patch today. Having only partial information about these encountered crushes and running the risk of introducing new issues. Including crush on launches into the game for a unknown number of players. The fixes for these issues would be rolled into the next available patch once you've identified and resolved the root cause. Option B. Push back the entire patch to fully understand these issues. Fix them, restart the patch for a number of days and then release the patch sometime next week at the earliest. This in turn could also delay the next patch thereafter. Given the already long way in between our last patch and this current patch we want to avoid delays as much as possible. Option 3. Delay the current patch till this Thursday to gather more information about whether these issues are already prevalent in the game and how often they may occur. The fixes for these issues would be rolled into the next available patch once you've identified and resolved the root cause. They state that they have opted for option C and we need your help to determine whether this is the best move to make and if you want to help them out I will link this reddit post down below where you can follow a link and give them your thoughts on it. They state what happens next. If we alongside the community are able to determine that both of these issues are already present in the game we will go ahead and aim to release the patch this Thursday. With community data about under which circumstances these issues appear it will also be easier for us to identify these issues in a future patch. Risk is possible that something within the patch has increased the frequency at which these crashes appear but this will be very difficult to determine in a time we have. If we are unable to determine that both of these crashes are already present in the game this would indicate that one or both of them would have been introduced as part of this patch. The patch would therefore need to be reworked. We appreciate that this is an ideal and not what you wanted to hear today. Whilst we attempt to cover every single scenario in player behaviour and setup the complexity and game code can make this very difficult to do every single time especially on PC even more so on the COVID working restrictions where most of us are still required to work from home. Nevertheless we are determined to continue enhancing and improving the outriders experience and will continue to keep you in the loop with the latest. We also very much appreciate all those community members who believe in what we're trying to achieve and would like to thank everyone for your continued help in making outriders the best it can be. And there we have it guys so yes the patch that was supposed to come today it seems as though it probably early see it's coming Thursday if not it's going to come next week and this is the patch like I said I believe it will buff many aspects of each character's class and much more. But yes as soon as more news does drop on this patch guys I will have it covered right here on my channel as per usual. But yes time your force on this down below in that comments section are you a little disappointed like me I was looking forward to this I'm not going to lie I was looking forward to seeing and playing some of the changes but hey ho it is what it is. But anyway guys the end of the video has arrived if you enjoyed it leaving a like really helps out if you're new around here want to see more be sure to subscribe and if you never want to miss a video I upload you can turn notifications on by hitting that bell button my guys thanks as always for stopping by and hopefully I will see you on that next one.


Welcome back to the Sportsmax Zone and it's time for another edition of Just a Facts. Entering the October international break, Real Madrid star Jude Bellingham is the team's top goalscorer for the season, having scored five more goals than any of his team is. Since his big money transfer from Borussia Dortmund in the summer, the Englishman has made a bright start to his career in the Spanish capital, earning rare reviews from fans and pundits alike. Today's questions, as said by the producers, will be centred on Bellingham's Real Madrid's career to date. The target? 5 out of 10. So Lance, it's difficult because he said 5 out of 10. How many goals has Bellingham registered for Real Madrid so far this season? 10. Next. How many games has Bellingham played for Real Madrid? 10. Yeah, 10. 10 goals, 10 games. Troll Falls, Bellingham is the first Englishman to win a La Liga Player of the Month award. True. Yeah, because he won, yeah. True. Troll Falls, Bellingham sits in the top five lists for the most goals scored by an Englishman in La Liga. 10 goals, yeah. Troll Falls, no player in Real Madrid's history has had more goals and assist involvements in their first 10 matches for the club. So Cristiano Ronaldo had more involvements and then Jude Bellingham broke it. He broke that record. So this is true. Yeah. Assist involvements for the first 10 matches, yeah. He broke that record. Yeah, I think so. Okay, true. How many games has this season has Bellingham failed to score for Real Madrid? So he played 10 matches so far and he has 10 goals. Remember when two games? I think two games he didn't score. Two? And do we count the one where they took him, where he didn't play? No? He didn't score, then he took a break. Failed to score. No, well, if I ask if he's failed to score, it means he played. So one? Let's go back to that one. That's six. Let's go back to six. We'll come back to that. It's one or two, I think. All right, next. How many goals does Bellingham lead the Pichiris by? Three. All right. Three, yeah. Okay. How many Man of the Match awards have Bellingham won in his time in Madrid? Man of the Match awards? I'd say about three. I would say more. He only played 10 games. Yeah, but he's been brilliant in almost all 10. You say three? I'd say five. Five? You want to split it to go four then? Since you say three and I say five, let's go four. We say four. How many Man of the Match awards have Bellingham won in his time? This is the same question to you. How many Man of the Match awards? Yeah, we have that. Play Man of the Match. Man of the Match. Same thing. Yeah. Yeah, it looks like a repeat question to us. Number 10, we get a free answer. Where's the producer? He's not telling me anything. In the 21st century, Jude Bellingham is Real Madrid's player to score on his La Liga and UCL debut for the club. In the 21st century. Fourth. Okay, fourth. We have one to go back to, please. Number six. How many games a season has he failed to score? So it's one or two. I feel like it's two, because I remember speaking about him on La Liga segment. Well, if we can think of how many braces he has had, it would help. I know he had one brace against Almeria. So if he had a brace in one game, it means that it's just one to see if he scored 10. From 10 games, it means if he scored two in one, it's one game that he didn't score in. Remember, La Liga is eight champions. He gives two when we count in the 10. But is it all, that didn't specify whether it's, that just said this season, how many games this season has Bellingham failed to score in? All right, just a second. It didn't specify. Okay, what's the answer? Well, if it's UCL and La Liga combined, I'm going to say, I'm tempted to say two. I'll just go with two. All right, can we see the answers? We have question eight. Our question eight is, where does Bellingham rank in Madrid's most expensive signings? Wow. I mean, they're both Christy, so he can't be first. Real Madrid always. By his expensive. They spent about 103 million euros for him. I think top five. So five. No. I'd say four then. Four. All right, let's see the answers, please. Ten. Ten. You got that. Ten. We got that as well. True. We said true. Yes. What is Bellingham it? It's in the top five for the most goals. It's fourth. I think we said false. Yeah, we said false. Okay, next. We got that wrong. True. More goals than a six. We got this right. Yeah, we said true, yeah. How many games? Two, yeah. Two. Yeah, I know it wasn't more than that. How many goals? Three? Did we say three? Three, I said three, yeah. Okay. He has eight and the next player has five. Fourth. Yeah, we said that. Yeah, I said fourth as well, yeah. That's after CR7, Cisco and Isco and Asensio. Seven. How many man of the match? No, we didn't get this. You did say it should be more. Good more, yeah. Yeah. All right. In the fourth, did we say this producer? What did we say for this? Yeah, I said fourth for this. But what was the one that we said fourth for as well? That's when we decided to do the four in the middle, because I'd say three and you had six. Oh, yeah. What do we have this though? We said four for this. So how much did we end up with? I lost count. Eight out of ten. Yeah. Good job. It's a good day. Let's take a break.


It was April 9th, 1942, when 82 officers from the 194th Tank Battalion left Brainerd for the Philippines. Not all of the men would survive. Haiti Clotter shows us how 75 years later, the men who lost their lives will never be forgotten. Irma Peck has fond memories of her husband, Henry Peck. He passed away in 2011 and was a prisoner of war during the Baton Death March. Henry Peck is being remembered along with the men from the 194th Tank Battalion on the 75th anniversary of the fall of Baton, where American soldiers surrendered and the Japanese forced him to march as prisoners. A wreath laying ceremony was held in front of the Brainerd National Guard Armory. The gloomy weather didn't stop people from coming out to support men who paid the ultimate price and lost their life in combat or captivity. It's important for us to keep their memories alive and as you well know many of them aren't with us anymore. In fact, we have one survivor left who couldn't unfortunately be here today but you know as time progresses it'll be incumbent upon us and the family members to keep the tradition alive. One by one 32 names were called to honor the spirit and brotherhood of the men. Their dog tags were then hung on similar tanks used during that time period. A rifle salute and the raising of the honor and remembrance flag followed. The crowd of family and friends and other servicemen and women then went inside the armory. This room was full of pictures, clothing and other items belonging to the men from the fall of Baton that were donated by family members. Irma Peck donated this case to honor her late husband. During the ceremony it was said how these men suffered cruelty and had a sense of helplessness.  Thankful that I have that I have the liberties that I do today because of the sacrifices that they made and I feel proud of their sacrifices. In Brainerd, Haiti Clotter, Lakeland News. Of the 82 officers three men were killed in action. 29 died as prisoners of war and 29 survived captivity. In total nearly 10,000 Americans and Filipinos, troops died. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hey folks, we're answering frequently asked questions from the Okta Customer Identity Cloud community. Today I will walk through how to use the Management API in actions. Before watching this video, you'll need to have a machine to machine application created, with it linked to the Management API, with all the necessary permissions. This will be used for the next part of this example. Now let's see how we can call the Management API in actions. For this example, we will use a post login action to add a default role to a user. Let's navigate to actions by clicking on actions, flows, login, and building a new custom action. On this page, we can give the action a name, let's name it Actions Management API Client. Now we can implement the code to use the Management API to make a call to add a role to our user endpoint. We can use the example script found in our How Can I Use the Management API FAQ. The script uses the Management Client to call the AtRoleUser method to add the default role to the user. Given the sensitive nature of initializing an instance of the Management Client, we must secure sensitive information, like our domain, client ID, and client secret. So let's go ahead and do that now. Alright, a few more steps we need to take is to include the NPM module for the Management Client and the role ID we want to assign to the user. Alright, we're done with our script. We can save our draft and deploy the action and add it to our flow and press apply. After this is complete, we will also need to create a test user that we can test our post login action script. At this stage, we can try our post login action script and check the results. And here it is. We can see that we managed to add the editor role to the new user. Today we looked at how we can use the Management API in actions. Please leave us a like or comment if you found this video helpful. And subscribe to the OctaDev YouTube channel. You can find additional support at community.auth0.com. Thanks for watching.