Hey everyone, I hope you're well. Welcome back to my channel, or if you're new here My name is Seppie and in today's video I'm doing something very very fun like I told you guys in my previous vlog. I Did something last week which I am Happy about I got a new car last weekend I went and bought a new car, but they needed to basically Make it all pretty for me to pick up so today I'm gonna go and collect it, and I'm so excited, but my crappy luck My parents aren't around Sina is flying in from Latvia and so I was driving in from Sheffield So I have no one with me to go and collect it which is kind of sad But oh well like I'm so hyped to be getting a car anyway And I'm so so so so so happy and I love this car so much Can't wait for you guys to see what it is Before we move on, there's three things you're gonna do first go in the comment section And guess what you think it's gonna be to give it a thumbs up because you know, we love my vlogs Well, I hope you do that's why you're here and thirdly don't forget to subscribe so you can keep up with me. Have you done that? Yeah, you've done it. Have a new path so I Actually if any of you guys have watched my old vlogs or you've been a OG You've been around since day one then you would know that I had another car and Unfortunately my uber's here So I'll tell you the story when I get to the showroom or after but something happened to that last car So I'll tell you guys all about it. So this is where I Got my car from aka giving away the brand Jeff's never been on YouTube before have you? Okay, so Jeff has been my number one salesman of the year For Audi wetstone, but for real if you guys have a car, where's your car Jeff? Fun fact, I didn't see the car before I bought it not even a picture That's how good it is. Yeah, I didn't even see a picture, but I knew that I wanted that color for a specific reason So Jeff's all stiff for me You are the best Jeff And this is my car Fun, okay. I should sound more excited. This is my car Look out the plate like this Jeff is named my car Persian bunny teeth. I actually love this So I'm just come to Zara trying to find some cute things Where for tonight I'm going out with two my friends This is the first time I've come here and I actually Finding it hard to find something that I like everything.  I was in boots And this one was saying hi to like her friend doesn't it and then from behind some other ladies came So funny and I'm not feeling anything this season just everything is like so Not my style a series of what? So we've come to a new she should play it's called Rose. It's in West Hampton and It looks a bit like this Go and give us a review. She goes.  She's your kind of store I think she's also given them a plus one because someone called that Kim K, but she tried to make a reservation She's a bit biased guys So the tea comes with this so give us a little review of the this is Turkish delight we're guessing I think this is We're going for lunch We're going latte so it's my favorite Italian restaurant in the area It's not my favorite time restaurant ever my mom doesn't like it if you guys have watched any of my Vlogs like as an ass going out see she hates latte so like I've probably said this in like I've done I've done almost 30 vlogs and in all of them. You're here But I love it so you know what life is about compromise Sometimes I don't want to go eat Turkish food with your daddy. They eat Turkish food eight times a week I love Turkish food eight times a week though You know what I mean? That means one day. They're having it for like breakfast and lunch and dinner I love it so good everyone there is Italian as well, which I love Italian food, but I don't like what's your favorite Italian restaurant? Sasqueen After studying we're having a fast lunch Basically guys my mom's wedding video is coming my mom and dad's wedding video is coming this week I have to put it It's on a CD and none of me my sister will have the max that don't have the CD thing So we're giving it to someone to put onto my hard drive for me Yes, and so wait for it, but it's coming. It's 30 years ago 40 or most Signs, what do you think of my car? I love your car Well, it was when the sign was like, why don't we tell souls to get a red car. I know I went with that I'm the one who chose souls car. Yeah, you didn't choose mine though. This is the first time ever No, no, I didn't you didn't choose my last time either the car. I just want to say I didn't choose her But she just wants to be like She always copies me right so I'll show you guys signers car in a sec see if you think no No, no, you can't show it. Yeah, excuse me. I need to wash my car My car's been sitting on the tree being neglected She looks so pretty and I Yeah, I never saw the boots kind of Please you go to rodeo festival Oh Are you guys have you guys subscribed to sign this channel? Yeah, I got so many subscribers just because of your previous love Thank you. Thank everyone. Thank you guys Probably seen in other blogs issues very nice and always lets me drive it So if you see a red convertible in North London, it most probably is me because sign doesn't even live here. So I'll just be driving either of them Oh, I love your seats there. Oh, I just realized all three of us have convertibles. Yeah, that's what I was jealous about when I was picking a car I was thinking of getting another four by four, but then I was like no, I want to join the convertible gang gang gang See gang see Wow, it's so spacious inside They really are really really awesome. I like the fact that he was very very very How is the loyalty of his girlfriend? Maya Jama. Yeah, I like that. I like that I think we should be like a little more nice sort of relationship Cut please man, but I have to put my hat back This is all going in the vlog so I'm at uni right now I don't know man, it looks good Is it flat? So, I just came back from a five hour session Yeah, it's in my house My friends are being goofy, but they want to say hi to the vlog This is Omar No, I used to live with Omar Yes My way I used to live with Sam I used to live with Sam in first year and he was actually like He was like my third subscriber on YouTube. Yeah, I was actually I actually supported him day one No, he used to watch my videos of my shoe collection, didn't he? Yes, I watched your videos And Sam watched my beauty videos But it was like my daily routine is so simple One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine I've only got nine, it's really simple What is nine? My daily routine Basically, one of your shoes is my rent And that's one Also, me and Seth, we used to do my dishes Nice to hoover her room Yeah, used to hoover That's really good You've got it done though Let's add this Let me show you guys mine and signer's little workstation So this is mine and signer's little workstation We've been studying together How do you study? You study off notes Yeah Whereas I've told you guys I'm a spider diagram kind of chick But I'll show you anyway So here's one I prepared earlier I'm joking, this is one obviously part of my notes So I spider diagram my life away And this is how I like to do things And then I do questions Like I've said many times But don't worry, I will do a dedicated post one time For the reason why I'm back here again Is because I promised I'd tell you guys Why I've got a new car to begin with Let me sit down So if any of you guys had watched my previous vlogs Then you'd know I had a perfectly nice car I need to stop playing with my hair I had a perfectly nice car It was a Range Rover Evoque I loved it, I had it For when I was like 20 And until four months ago December I think like 30th, 29th December Precisely And I wasn't planning On getting rid of it I mean, yeah No immediate plans to get rid of it at that time But unfortunately my car got stolen So that was a very, very, very Crappy situation Which I don't wish upon anyone It's such a violation to have something to be all stolen And yeah It sucked I like that car a lot It's mine And I think it's such a shame that people Go to such lengths When we work so hard to get what we have People feel that it's okay To just take it from you Not cool, I don't think And so Yeah, I was really, really upset about that And I had to wait four months Until all the paperwork and stuff Was done so that I could get a new car Which is why I'd been driving around With Sinus car So if you'd seen in previous vlogs I'd been driving Sinus Porsche a lot It's because of that Because she basically Was kind enough to let me drive her car Whilst I was Waiting to get my car So yeah, that was really, really sucky And I didn't really want to say it on the vlog Because you guys know me I love talking about positive things Good vibes only and that sort of stuff So I just thought it was Like why would I then come and tell you guys something negative That happens to me because I don't want That kind of energy on my channel But now that I've corrected That problem and I have a new car I'll just tell you why I'm getting it Because I'm not just being sassy And swapping cars for like banter I'm swapping it because I'm not swapping it, I'm replacing it Because I had no choice So that is the little story time So I'm going to end this vlog here I hope that you guys have Been along on this special journey with me Of getting my new car and just chilling with my sisters If you did, then please make sure you Subscribe down below for more family fun And give this video a huge thumbs up My socials Are always across the screen and in the description My Instagram is And my snap is I love you guys so, so, so much And I'll see you in my next video Bye


This study found that MDPHD trainees were more likely than MD or MDI trainees to be interested in pursuing an academic career. Additionally, MDPHD trainees were more likely to cite translational research as their primary career intention, while MDI trainees were more likely to cite clinical duties as their primary career intention. The study also found that interest in basic research, translational research, clinical research, education, and the ability to identify a mentor were all associated with academic career intentions. This article was authored by Jennifer M. Kwan, Omar Chubat, Andrew M. Harrison and others.


Hey everyone, I've got a beautiful project to work on today. I'm really excited about this one. It's a beautiful serving tray Amazing thing about this one. It's it's got this natural hole Which we're gonna fill with layers and layers of crystal clear resin. It's going to look beautiful when it's done So because this is raw wood Wood is so porous. It tends to really really soak up the resin. So what we're gonna do is put a really thin Precoat of resin with a gloved hand and when that dries then we're gonna be able to put our final coat on it's gonna look amazing Okay, so what we're gonna do first is Mix up our resin and because I'm using a gloved hand for this pre-cut. We don't need a huge amount So I'm just using these little plastic glasses here And I'm gonna mix it up in this glass with a popsicle stick resin here Okay, now our hardener so we've got the level amounts here All right, so now I've got my plastic cup Gonna pour both these guys in here. We've got a stir for three minutes Making sure that we scrape the bottoms and sides as always. We don't want any unmixed resin So you might notice on my surface here. I've got a shower curtain We use table cloths or shower curtains. They work equally well the great thing about it They are not expensive So, you know, you can use them a few times and dispose of them if necessary But the great thing about it is when the resin drips And cures you can just peel it right off like how easy is that it's not gonna stick to anything So it's a really really handy thing to have on your work surface When your hand starts cramping then, you know, you've mixed it Good. So we have our wood here and I just wanted to show you we've got the tray on these little painters Supports here and we've also got some shims. These are super handy to keep and what we use them for is just adjusting you can Put them in on each corner and just adjust the height as you need to according to your level So what I'm actually gonna do is flip it over and I start with the back And the reason I'm gonna do that is I'll end with the top of the tray and then any drips are gonna drip below Okay, so just flip it over here and with a gloved hand. This is the fun part And like I said, this raw wood is just gonna soak up this resin So I'm gonna make sure I do the the sides here as well and the reason for that because wood is so porous It's really affected by humidity and moisture So if this tray happened to get wet and the sides weren't sealed it would absorb the moisture You'd get expansion and contraction. You might get cracking Even more pain possibly so we're just gonna seal it and make sure it's completely water and airtight Look at how beautiful and rich the wood looks when you put the resin on it just glows. It's so beautiful Then my fingers too big to fit right inside these crevices, so I'm gonna use this brush here just to make sure it is completely sealed Okay, now we're ready to flip It's the same thing on this side. Just make sure this is totally covered here Okay, so I think I've got every little crevice here with the brush So normally at this point obviously our next step would be to to torch out bubbles But I'm not gonna do that because wood is gonna off gas like crazy So I'm gonna torch this in two minutes later There's gonna be lots and lots of micro bubbles anyway at this point these tiny little micro bubbles don't don't matter So don't worry about them right now. We're gonna sand down the whole thing both sides, but I'll show you that at the next stage


Words at War. The casting company in cooperation with the Council on Books in War Time presents another program in the series Words at War, dramatizing the most representative books to come out of this great world conflict. Tonight, Vanda Vasilevska's Stalin Prize Novel, The Rainbow. Listen, do you hear that? That sound is a body swinging from a gallows, the body of a sixteen-year-old boy. It has been there for a month. Frozen stiff in the bitterest winter the Ukraine has known. The Nazis hanged the boy as a warning to the villagers and to the guerrillas who are struck with silent fury from the bordering forests. I want you to meet one of these guerrillas. She is Oliana Kostyuk, a woman in her early 40s. Her hair is graying at the temples. Her face is plain, rough-hewn, a common peasant face. She is being questioned at the German headquarters by Captain Kurt Berner, a German by birth, a Nazi by breed. So you and the guerrilla was come back to the village. You, an old woman. Why did you come back? What were you sent for? Nobody sent me. I came on my own. Why? Answer me. Why? Everywhere I will tell you why. You saw that all this guerrilla business was nonsense. You didn't want to take part in it anymore. No. I couldn't anymore. Why? I came home to bear my child. You? Having a child at your time of life? Hmm. Where is your husband? He was killed in the war. I joined the guerrillas, but I didn't tell them about my baby. Nobody knew. Or how my husband and I dreamed this child that was denied us. And now it's come and he isn't here to see. I worked with the guerrillas until it was difficult for me to move a bar. I returned to the village to give birth to my child in peace. In peace, bar? Who blew up the bridge last week? I did it alone. You're lying. We know all about it. You'd better talk. I did it alone. Where are the guerrillas you worked with? Don't just stare. Answer me. Very well. I can see the sweat running across your temples. It's painful for you to stand.  Who's that? Prusya. Why did you come here? What's the matter? I was bored. I had to come out. I want you to have lunch with me. I cannot. Don't you see I'm busy? With this old woman? This old woman is a guerrilla. She's about to have a baby any minute. Will you please let us alone, Prusya? Of course. Let me stay. I'll be quiet. Maybe this will be fun. Very well. Now, you Russian swine. We know you have come from the forest. We know that you have been sent. How long has it been now that I've been standing on my feet? Answer me. Where are they? Answer me. Where are they? I don't know. The child is getting depressed in my lungs. It's so difficult for me to breathe. So unbearable to step on my feet. The room has become darkest. The fog was settling in it. I can hardly see that form in front of me. Is it a man?  So warm in her fur coat.  I must not faint. I'm not here. I'm not here. I don't think we will... Does he think we will tell him where our boys are? Well... I know nothing of the guerrillas. They went away. I don't know where. Sergeant, let her freeze. Tomorrow she will change her mind and talk. I want in the middle of the night. I've been questioned.  The captain says you'll need some exercise. See those gallows over there where your Russian brother hangs? You'll run there and back here till we tell you to stop. And when we think you're slow, this bayonet will speed you up. Now run! The old woman runs like a plough horse with her nose to the gut. I'm freezing.  We keep the old woman out here any longer. She'll be dead by morning and she won't be able to talk. The captain says she's got to talk. Maybe another quad with this bayonet. You've gotten enough blood out of her. The snow is red under her feet. Let's throw her back into the barn and get the headquarters where it is warm. Wait a minute. What's that? I don't hear anything? No, I'm sure. It's coming from the side of the barn. Come on, let's look. Did I tell you? One of them trying to help her. Probably arranging for an escape. It is a young boy. What difference does it make? They're all the same. Are you going to short him? Stand aside. Let's see what he's got there. He was bringing us something. It is a crust of bread. Captain Warners headquarters. Yeah, it's for you, Captain. They have my y'all. Good morning, I'm your... Oh yes, but I... I really... Yes, yes, but... Oh, the grain? What does he think I am? Does he try to question these Russian blocks? Let's see whether he'd get a word out of them. It cost me three times a day. What information do I have from the guerrilla? What about the grain? Sergeant, did the men carry out my orders last night? Yes, Captain. Did that cost your woman's peak? No, Captain. Then all you can say? There was an incident last night, Captain. What? One of the children tried to bring some bread to the woman. He was shot. What did you do with the body? I came here to report. Left the body in a ditch outside. When they went back for the boy, it was going, Captain. Sit in the body! Wait! They are my yours as I must get grain. They are my must be fed. Send that music, Peter Gablick, in here. Yes, Captain. They put me in command of this village because I could speak Russian. They thought it would be easier for me to get things out of these people. There was unyielding as granite. Threatened them, tortured them, they say nothing. They look at you and their eyes say, the day will come. You wanted me, Captain Werner? Where is the grain delivery I was promised, Gablick? Well, I'm doing the best I can, but there isn't any grain.  There was a record harvest. They've hidden the grain. I thought you knew these people. You ought to know the hiding places. But the storm, the frost, you can't find anything in this weather. Gablick, I saved you from the Red Army. Oh, yes, Captain Werner. You saved your life to me. Yes, Captain Werner, yes. But I have helped you, haven't I? Didn't I inform you about the name of your costume? I have nothing from her yet. She's not told you about the grilles. Oh, I will make a talk. What about the grain? Well, I have a plan, but I must have military support. Where's my support? Well, then, there must be an order issued that people must meet in the school out. I have not yet delivered the tax demanded. That is to say, the grain. The German army within three days will be subject to... To...  To the death penalty.  Whoever knows anything about the criminals should report to the German commander. If the guilty are not found within three days, and if the delivery of the grain does not begin within three days, hostages will be hanged. After night now, why don't you go home? And your work finished? Well, there's a storm, you know. It's much warmer here than it is in my house. Yes, shivering with more than the cold. Are you afraid to go home? No, no, no, no, it's a... Captain, it might be wiser, though, to... Let me have an escort. Even one soldier? Can't spare any men. Besides, it's past the curfew time. None of these villagers will dare stick their heads out. They know you're under my protection. Go home, gubbling. I'm going. I risk my neck for those rats, and they treat me like a dog. Not even a god to protect me. Not captain. Thanks, everyone's afraid of me. I'm under his protection. What's that? Only a bush. The second I thought it moved. Stand up, Gaffney. Stand up like a man. We've just brought you here to give you some information. All right, what do you want? Who hid the body of the boy? Criminal, he called my boy. What was his crime? To bring a crust of bread to a tortured woman. That's the boy's mother, Gaffney. She'll tell you where his body lies. Go ahead, tell him. Yes, I'll tell you, Gaffney. I followed those Nazi murderers. When they went in to report, I snatched up my boy from where they left him, lying in the road. I carried him home. He lies buried under the threshold where your Nazi friends will never find his body. It's time with a trial. No, no, no, please. Peter Gauplik, you're on trial for collaboration with the Germans. What have you to say? What's the matter? Lost your tongue? You spoke well enough at the schoolhouse. Peter Gauplik, you were a kulak and a bandit. Oh, yes, yes, I was. You were against the Soviets from the very start, weren't you? Yes, I know I was, but I didn't mean it. And as soon as the Germans came, you said, He said them well, the carrion. Peter Gauplik, you deny your guilt? That must be, that must be, please. What is our verdict? This verdict, no. Die like a man. Well, can't you even say one word to me? To me, I'll tell. My secret? I thought that would open your mouth. Well, sir Dorsey, I know all about your visits to the gully where your dead son lies. You know it's against the law to bury a soldier of the Red Army. Against what law? Is it just another horror thought up by the fiends you can sort with? If you will be nice to me, I may keep your secret. And you any harm? Have I harmed anybody in this village? No. But none of you will speak to me. The children run for me as though I had the plague. What you've got is worse than the plague. What did you want me to do, Star? I never had anything and now I've got a chance. Captain Verna will take me with him to Dregden. Your husband is a lieutenant in the Red Army. I haven't hurt him, sir Dorsey, on months, he must have been killed. And what's the difference? I like Captain Verna. He's nice. He brings me things.  But the day will come.  You still dream the Red Army will come back. Don't you know the Germans will conquer everything? They'll never conquer us. Our boys will come back. Then you'll see. You'll see. Captain Verna. All right, Fedors, you can go out to your kitchen. Cool, darling. Come in here. What took you so long? You're letting me help you off with your coat. That old fool Geblik. Took some hours to get a few figures down on paper. Then he had the nerve to ask for an armed escort. As if anyone in this village would dare lay a hand on him when they know he's under my protection.  Are you? Oh, they are my your called again. All right, I must get that information from that cost-choker woman. The willow. Well, think about it tomorrow, cool. Aren't you going to keep me? I'm cold.  You, housekeeper. Yes, Captain. Are you sure you have enough wood for the fire? I'm going to wake in the morning. Yes, Captain. Get your little wood. Who's that? No, it can't be. You're from the Red Army. Don't you remember me? Russia, Lieutenant. Russia. Yes, quickly. Quickly move the wood.  I know, I know. Never mind her. Please, there is much time. I've been hiding for hours. There's some information I must have. Yes, yes, yes. Everything I know. Where? Where do they keep their ammunition? You're going to attack. Yes, yes, no. I have this map of the village. I'll throw my flashlight at it. Yes. Call me. Where are the guns? Here. Right here on the square. By the church. How many? Let me see. Four guns. And here at the edge of the village, they're different guns. Smaller ones. Am I correct? I think so. They point upward. Little thin guns. Yes, any machine guns. Oh, yes. All along these houses. They've made holes in the walls of the machine guns. How many men? About 200, I think. Will you attack soon? You must. You must. They've taken five hostages. In three days they'll be hanged. Oh, you'll keep up her spirits. We know you'll come. But it must be soon. You understand it must be soon. Yes, for Russia. It will be soon. It hasn't been easy for us. But we'll wipe these pastes from all of them. Who stays in your house? The commander. Captain Werner. Anyone else? Your wife, Prustya. Your... Your information has been very valuable for Russia. I've been only written in time. Do you know they have arrested Olen Yokozchuk? Oh, yeah? Yes, they've thrown her into the old barn at the end of the road. She is with child. Her child may be born tonight and no one can go to her. No one can help her. We'll make her pay for Russia. I'll be back. Soon. Till then. Good morning, Captain Werner. Good morning. Is that Quarta's phone? Yes, sir. Why didn't you call me? I was ordered not to. Ordered? What did they call? Well, they wanted to know whether the arrested woman had made a statement. And what did you say?  We're not making any reports until I tell you to understand. Has there been any grain delivered? No, sir. There's got Blake. He said he knew these people. He's not yet reported, sir. What are you standing there for? Get him. What about the woman? Did you bring her here? Yes, sir. She has a child, sir. Oh. Send her in. Come in. Here. Let me help you to this chair. Sir.  Boy, Olga. Sorry. Oh, you sound thirsty. Yeah. Have a drink of water. That's enough. A healthy, living son. Good. You would like to keep him alive, of course. What? Last night, somebody tried to bring you bread. Who was it? I don't know. Think. It was a boy about 10 or 11 years old. One of the villagers' children. Oh, they all had children. I don't know who it was. All right, all right. Where do you think the gorillas might be now? I don't know. Somewhere in the forest. There are many forests around here. Which forest? That's all I know. In the forest. When you came to the village, which road did you take? I don't remember. There was snow all around. Listen, woman.  You have a son. You want him to grow up.  You want your son strong and healthy. What's the need for life in this? I have a son. I haven't been wrapped in my shawls. But your son's strong and healthy. I keep him warm.  It feels so hard to eat against my hand. I see his tiny, round red face. I see his little button of a nose. Who was it last night? I thought it was death tearing at me. But it was a lie. It was my son. It was for filmings. It was the same. My son. Listen to me. I have a son. Listen to me, Alina Kostchuk. What is the sense in suffering when you can live peacefully with your son? There's no point in struggling. The Red Armies has got a smash. The war's almost over. Your guerrillas and the hills have no chance of escape. I will forget that you ever worked with him. All I want you to do is to answer a few questions truthfully. I have told you all I know. You might at least consider your son. You have no right to take away his life. What do you mean?  I'm going to light this cigarette. When I have finished smoking it, I want your answer. Think it over. Captain Vanna? What is it now, Sergeant? Copnik is gone. He is nowhere to be found. Idiot! First, the boy's body disappears He must have left the village last night. What kind of centuries do I have? Is it as easy as that for a man to escape? Well, there was a blizzard last night. I knew that sniveling old fool was not to be trusted. Now I have the stone of a woman to deal with. Look at her. A day old child in arms. You'd think she would collapse by this time. You'd think she'd cry out for mercy, at least for a child. Well, woman, have you made up your mind? I don't know anything. Help me, scum! I treat you like a human being and this is your answer! I'll show you, Sergeant. Take the brat. Put it on the desk. Call the woman. There's just one bullet between life and death. This is your only son. I have many sons. What are you saying? They're in the forest. They're all my sons. My sons. This was my son.  His little hands are still clenched. His tiny feet are still pink and white. He died my son. But in the forest, they still live. Hundreds of them, women and boys. They live. And his sons will live in peace. Speaking. Yes, Amayor? I will get the information. Yes, I'm in the midst of questioning now. No, no, no, no. There's no need to send anyone. Yes, yes, I will immediately. No. That's nothing move you. I asked you for the last time. Where are the guerrillas? I do not know.  It doesn't matter now. Sergeant! Take her out! Execute her! And the square, sir. No! There are enough rotting bodies around. Throw the woman and the child into the river! Helosia. Helosia, Kravchuk. Who's that? It's me. But that is Helosia. I've come back sooner than I dared hope. Yes. Is my wife in there? Yes. She's a local captain. Yes, I know. What about the sentry? There is no sentry. Helosia. Helosia. Wake up, Helosia. Helosia. What do you... I must get to German headquarters, Helosia. That was a signal for my men. Wait, let me come with you. No, no, you can't come out in the midst of the battle. You'll need me. I can help. Quickly, then. It's almost daylight. Stay back here, Helosia. Keep out of range. How's it going, men? We're surprised there are close batteries. Lieutenants are ocean. They're all surrounding up the Germans asleep in the cottages. There must be quite a few of them barricaded in the headquarters building. As you can see, Lieutenant, they're pouring out a hellish fire. We haven't been able to break through. You've got to break through. The sun will be up in a minute. When it takes bite to it, if a man could get close enough... It's impossible through that fire, Lieutenant. Now, now. Listen! Listen, men! I want you to keep on playing. Fire! I have a few presents for a Nazi captain and his fanatics. A bundle of hand grenade. Let them see their German troops roll back.  Let them see their towns and villages blasted to the ground. Dying is so easy. We will let them live a hundred years. Let them beg death to come. And even death will turn away from this... German carrion. Look, Vadocia! A rainbow. Rainbow over our village. A rainbow. That's a good omen. Tonight on Words at War, we've brought you The Rainbow by Avonda Vasilevska. The radio dramatization was by Stanley Field. The cast included Ida Rees-Meron, Frances Cheney, Jeanette Dowling, Peter Cappell, Earl Hammond, and Kermit Murdoch. The music was arranged and played by William Meader, and the production was under the direction of Anton M. Leeder. Next week, Words at War will present the radio dramatization of Kandu, the story of the Sea Bees. This series of programs is brought to you in cooperation with the Council on Books and Wartime, by the national broadcasting company and the independent radio stations associated with the NBC network. This is The National Broadcasting Company.


You'll probably notice a recent move towards an all-agency and all-hazards approach right across the emergency sector. We need to recognise that often the community just see a truck, not a particular agency. To them it's irrelevant who is responding, all that matters is that help is on its way. If you haven't got to know the agencies near you, why not be proactive about getting those relationships going? They can assist with your community engagement activities just as they can assist you operationally. It might be New South Wales or South Australian fire services if you're near the border. If you're close to Metropolitan Melbourne it may be the MFB or the other agencies you work with on a regular basis, like the SES, Victoria Police or Life-Saving Victoria. Let's hear from Alyssa Jans from the Allinda Fire Brigade. She had a whole host of agencies on board at the fire safety event in the Dandenong Rangers. The Rich Top Brigade's Family Fund and Information Day was organised by neighbouring brigades across the Rich. The purpose of this expo is to try to give the local community the knowledge they need to help them to take personal responsibility for their own fire safety. There were three neighbouring brigades involved in the event, including Allinda, Sassafrasafurni Creek and Calarama Mount Dandenong. There were also several other agencies involved in the event, Victoria Police, Yarra Rangers Council, Parks Victoria, the DSC, St John Ambulance and the SES were all part of it. The benefits of having multiple agencies at the event is that it increases numbers and gives it stronger support and credibility. I think community members feel, wow, if all these organisations are present, it must be important.


That's on the deal. Welcome to the Titans. Why was this a good fit for you and what do you hope to do in Nashville as a Titan? Thank you very much, by the way, and it's great to be here. Honestly, me and my agent sat down, we talked about it. Honestly, I don't see why it wouldn't be a great field, you know, Coach Mike Berber played in the league. He played long back in those positions. It was just a great time just to learn from him as a young guy growing up in the league. You know, at least in the league, I have a lot to learn. And, you know, I put on a good continue, you know, me playing special teams and, you know, just great for me to get going with my defensive scheme as well. Harry. Look, talk about the mentality that it takes for a guy to play special teams and excel at it because, you know, everybody wants to be an offensive or defensive star. But it takes a certain mindset, I guess, to excel on special teams and make a living doing that. You know, you just got to be aggressive. And I know Coach Berber knows that he played the position like I said, so he knows the mentality that you need to play long back. And you have to be aggressive. You have to be able to come hit anybody at any point in time. You can't be scared. You got to be vicious and you got to be able to strike at the point of attack. You know, like I said, my special team game is still going and I feel like this is a great organization that I could learn from. And I can't wait to get them. Buck. Oh, and welcome to Nashville, by the way. I know you have some familiarity with Bud coming in and this is a defense that's going to have a few new parts. But what do you got to know about the guys that are already here? Jeff Simmons, Kevin Byrd and the rest of the roster. I know I got some guys from Toledo that I played with, Logan Woodside, my quarterback, shout out to Logan. He was our skipper. That's my dog. You know, he played on the other side of me. I was not, he was 99. So you already know what that attack was. And Brett Kern, I know he played a point. He was appointed at Toledo. I personally didn't get to know him in Toledo, but I just know a lot about him and I know he was a great opponent and I know he was a great guy as well. So that's all I know about it. But I can't wait to get my boy Bud, shout out to Bud. Man, honestly, I learnt a lot from him and I just can't wait to get them again. That's my dog. Man, it's cool to see you fired up that way. What kind of things has Bud kind of shown you? Because I know just for all of the things that you were able to do on special teams, I know you take a lot of pride in being versatile and being able to play on defense as well. What kind of things has Bud shown you in Pittsburgh? And a lot, man, a lot. When I came into the league, I came, you know, like I was overweight, you know, I was out of shape, I was overweight. And me and Bud, I like it was literally this is Bud and this is me. So like, I just got to talk to him on a daily basis and him also having a struggle in his rookie year and getting through it. You know, he had a device for me. He was just an OG to me. Those guys were OGs and they just taught me the game and how to succeed in the league and how to make a living. Off the field as well. Bud is probably one of the smartest guys I know financially, you know what I'm saying? So like just learning things like that off the field and on the field from him. It's amazing that I can't just wait to grow and just learn from him as well. I can't wait to go to cash bear with my dog. Kayla? Loving the energy, Ola. You know, when it comes to Cashville, AKA Nashville, they call it Smashville here. I mean, there's many nicknames. What do you know about this city? And it does seem like you're fired up to come here. It's kind of one of those cities that's growing at a fast pace and sports included. For sure. I actually, I grew up with one of my guys from Houston. He went to Vanderbilt. He signed the band in so he obviously knows the city and me and him still being like this. He's actually here with me right now. That's being so close like he can't wait to show me the city.  So I just can't wait to see myself and a little visit that I had while I was there. You know, I had a little store downtown and it was lively.  I was like, I was confused. Like, but everybody was so excited. It was a tractor in the street of downtown. Like I've never seen that before. So it was just so fun to see that and I just can't wait to get there. Who's your buddy? Can you make a quick appearance? He's actually here right now. We're working out. I know Ronald Monroe shouted to my dog, Ronald. He played a band. He can't wait to show me the city and I can't wait to come.


Hello, everybody. I'm Srishti Bajpayee. I'm an activist researcher from India. I work with an environment action group, Kalparish, and I am part of global tapestry of alternatives because both these networks at regional and global level are trying to weave networks of alternatives. So today I will be sharing with you all some stories of community resilience across the world and how in many ways these communities are articulating their own sense of what resistance is, and in many ways, many different ways of being and living in this world. So let's start with first what global tapestry of alternatives is. It's a process that is trying to weave a confluence or a thread of resistance and alternatives across the world by creating spaces for sharing exchanges and collaborations. And so that we can do collective advocacy and solidarity networks among many alternative networks. And through that process do a collective envisioning something that this conference is also trying to do, or what would adjust world, what would a different world look like than we are in right now. So what it is trying to articulate is to move towards transformative and systemic alternatives. But before we get into understanding what transformative and systemic alternatives are, you have to clearly state out what these alternatives are up against. And so these alternatives are really talking about fundamental transformations, not any false solutions that we see all around us that are not really transforming the dominant systems, but are actually just trying to fit them in so that the system continues to play the path it is playing on all of us. And so when we're talking about alternatives we are talking about the processes that are challenging the structural roots of unsustainability and inequality in this world. So concentration of power in the hands of few capitalism, state dominated regimes, patriarchy and toxic masculinity, caste, race, ethnicity and other forms of injustices, and of course the control and power of humans over the rest of nature. So when we're talking about alternatives, we're really seeking fundamental transformations. And we know that across the world, many, many people and communities are responding to the crisis are responding to these structural roots of injustice and unsustainability and and concentration of power in many, many forms and this picture that you see on screen is, is very well depicting actually. It's a story of indigenous communities from Central India, who 30 years ago, were fighting against a hydro power project coming in out of territories and while the, and they were articulating through their resistance that while you think that this river will produce these many megawatts of energy for us, she's a mother and so we cannot let it down. So in many ways they're articulating what it is to speak of pluriversal worldviews there's just not one way of existing. And so in resistance movements we see across the world the strong articulation of different ways of being. In India the country that I come from their thousands on possibly more than that alternative initiatives, ranging from varied kind of spheres and work life, where people are experimenting innovating and thinking about alternatives, and we start across different regions and different diversity of cultures, but in many ways we've we've together through this collective envisioning of what well being could look like. And so isn't the so is it in the rest of the world as well, many, many communities across the world are either reviving their own traditional systems that have in many ways removed because of colonialism and other forms of oppression. Or actually coming up with new ideas and in fact at the heart of even the most capitalist systems like we see in Europe many attempts to think out of the box of what could just transitions look like, and other such. So just to give you a sense of the pluriversal ways of responding to these crisis across the world. And there's an of course intention why this map is also upside down. And because it is to break away from the colonial ways of we see ourselves and our maps as well. I want to just now begin sharing some of the inspiring examples from across the world of their communities are responding to these crisis because of their existing processes of transformation. And post that we will try to distill some of the learnings that are emerging from many of these examples across the world. So the first example which is an absolute personal inspiration from me comes from central where 90 village assemblies got together to form what they call as a hagram server which is a federation of 90 village assemblies, and they have been for last two decades struggling against a mining project in the sacred traditional forest, and while they were resisting against mining they realized that that's not enough, but rather we need to move towards actually self governance and empowerment of our smallest unit of decision making which is one village assembly, and subsequently all the 90 villages and that can happen, when we take control over our means of productions, we take control over our, over our forest, over our, over our traditional rights to forest, and began that process of getting control over the community and creating processes of sustainable livelihoods taking control over the governance and management and conservation of these forests, and building on their traditional decision making systems but also learning from new innovative modern systems. And that process was on the women in the community themselves began asking that if you're trying to transform systems outside we must also look internally and transform the kind of patriarchal relationships exist and they're emerge a collective of women who are trying to transform their relationships and create a better decision making spaces where women are also part of those and actually taking decisions. And because of their existing process of the strong process at the ground of collectivization and self determination. The communities were able to respond during the cat COVID pandemic in a much more resilient manner than any of us living in the cities, because they were not dependent on the outside market for the basic sustenance they had their forest they had to learn to feed them. And in fact they were able to help people who are coming back from the cities to their villages and could provide support and in fact income also for the time that they were out of their jobs. Another example is also from India, as I'm from the country and these are the examples that I'm most familiar with and had the privilege to actually visit and learn from them. This is another example, which is from South India, Deakin Development Society. It's, it's about Dalit women farmers who are triple marginalized because they're women, because they belong to the lower caste so called lower caste Dalit, and their their small scale funds. And because of this triple marginalization, these women for for a very long time had a very tough life, but they were able to transform this completely completely. The question the social injustice in the form of caste this question this marginalization because they were small scale farmers and the question why women can't take control over their means of production. So they formed the collectors they gained the rights over their lands, they were able to transform this triple marginalization to actually their empowerment, and they've been securing. They've been doing some amazing work from conservation of the seeds and biodiversity and traditional knowledge to actually becoming food sovereign. So not just food secure but actually food so great and subsequently having their life do was also secured. What did this process did to them in coven. So because of the existing process they were able to respond to the crisis by actually helping others so people who are traveling back from the cities to the villages. They were able to feed them not just food but nutritious food that they were growing in their farmlands, and we did not impact them at all it did not reach them at all, or did not have the severe impact that we were seeing in the cities, because these people had their own food grains had their own land to be dependent on and they had no dependence on the external market. An example that I would like to share is from not too far away from India in our neighboring country of Bangladesh, but this been for for a few decades a process of new agriculture movement. What this movement is trying to do is to empower three lag diverse member household farmers through collectives, who are working towards promoting ecologically diverse and traditional farming methods. What primarily is trying to do and this is important for us to know because in many of these examples we are seeing the articulations of what well being or a good life could be.  Through that you're able to actually receive good fibrous fuel with medicine clean water and other spiritual needs of the community. And this is Farida and Farhad mother who have been doing this amazing, who have been involved in this amazing movement along with so many farmers who describe this, this worldview of small scale farmers of what it is to what it is to actually protect your land. And because of their process and during the pandemic times they were not only self sufficient in many ways. They were not impacted by like other farmers who whose business stopped because the market had stopped, but because they had their existing processes they were able to feed themselves and continue with their processes. What little bit impacted but what not devastated or did not lose their source of incomes or nutrition, because they were dependent on the outside market. Another example is from the US of cooperation Jackson, which has been working towards creating solidarity economy and mutual aid among the local cooperatives, and they've been doing some amazing work in creating solidarity networks and creating corporate cooperatives and promoting organic farming in many of these cooperatives, and what they call as freedom farms. And they were very actively involved during resistance of the Black Lives Matter which really moved many of the things that were happening in the US. And what is interesting in their articulations is that why we resist against vice supremacy, while we resist vice supremacy, it is important that we articulate what, what does Black Lives Matters, what does cooperation Jackson mean, just what black people actually stand for. And they stand for in their territory in Mississippi Jackson is a place and ownership of control over black working class people to build ecologically regenerative forces of production to democratically transform political economy, and to advance radical and democratic transformation so while we're resisting against these, these systems of operations. We must internally transform as well. And we should seek for radical transformations, and what an ecologically sensible movement could look like. The other example is from Latin America from Peru, this community of the five Quechua indigenous community in this Indian landscape have been actually creating processes of self determination and direct democracy with gender justice has been very core element of their work and have been actually practicing bio biocultural landscape conservation for a long time for over 30 years now. And through that process have been able to actually conserve 1300 varieties of potato which is an original origin space for for potato as well. And, and through that have created processes of food sovereignty and livelihood security. Again during pandemic this community was very little impacted. In fact, they were able to contribute to food relief in Cusco town, and were able to respond to the crisis in a resilient The other example is from Indonesia in Asia, a confederation of indigenous people's movement, which is a federation of women and workers peasants and Fisher work, who have been trying to work towards solidarity economy and transformative social production, and have been doing various community projects and practices so that people could collectivize come together work together and know each other and actually create a sense of solidarity economy. And because of again their existing processes of this collectivization of doing things together. They were able to respond during the crisis so much more better, because they could come together support each other, and truly articulating what could an economy of care look like, where people work together to help each other. And, and what does collectivization do to the processes and because of that they were able to lies in with governments better and get get basic needs in short for all of them. The other example is from Kenya. They're the territory, which is also known as land of bees in Kenya has been reviving their traditional ways of responding to crisis. During the pandemic they realize that this has become even more important. And they revive the traditional practice of preparing sacred seeds, which they realize have been so much more resilient during the crisis and in general the crisis that communities have faced in the past, and through that process with which they did during the pandemic where they, where they tried reviving their traditional practices, they were able to not only respond to the crisis but also begin taking forward the process of documentation and legal recognition of their own customary laws and protection of cultural diversity. So, these are, this is just a glimpse of the variety of alternative processes community initiatives innovations that exist across the world. I shared the examples from South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, North America, and all of these examples in many ways articulated what resilient community is, and in many ways articulated what the transformative alternatives are. And so, just a glimpse of those and many others is that we have documented in this resilient stories document which you can find on our website at this link, which you see below. And we also had conversations over the last two years with many of these community processes, which you can find on this link that you see on the upside of your screen. So let's get into a bit of a bit of looking at what these many variety varied diverse beautiful examples of alternatives are trying to articulate of transformations. So in several of these, this is not necessarily to put in them into any strict categories, but to just for ease of our understanding to or understanding them better in terms of what many of these learnings are emerging from them. So, we see this radical transformation being articulated in forms of the kind of democracy we want in all of these examples where assertion to people's right to make decisions what happens in their territories of the representatives being accountable and and strengthening the accountability of representative institutions. And in fact, in many ways actually articulating about what an ecological or borderless world could look like. And so we see that kind of assertion in all of these examples. In all of these examples again we see what kind of an economy economy of care look like their people have control over means of production where people have control over what happens in their territories. They have control over what they don't grow. And people have self reliant people are in control of that at least they're not dependent on the outside markets for their basic necessity. And it is the comments, which is, which is the foundation of the economy, and not the private institutions in all these examples we find such a strong assertion of social justice and well be. There's a question of race. There's a question of ethnicities. There's a question of gender. There's a question of other forms of oppression in all of these, in all of these examples. Again, in all of these examples so strongly the articulation of cultural knowledge and diversity comes. Many of these examples are trying to revive their traditional ecological systems or strengthen their traditional ecological systems actually and create the coexistence and diversity that exists amongst all of us and celebrate the differences and celebrate the land radical tourism, which is, which is the core of, of our existence, and hence, what could a knowledge democracy look like. Of course, all of these examples which is, which is at the core of so much of our transformation are questioning this destruction of rest of nature. They're articulating that we cannot transform unless we transform our destructive relationship with nature. We remove this dictomy of separation of humans from the rest of nature and so how do we conserve preserve protect but respect and revive that sense of spirituality. And so, the connection, the connection of of all these spheres of life in many ways. The capitalist systems have sort of trained us to look at life in boxes and spheres in in themes. But, but they're actually very interconnected to each other and so these are the, these, these fields are actually connected like a web of life through values, despite all different context that these are basic values that thread many of these diverse examples together. And, and these values are our values of diversity and pluralism, their diversity of self reliance for basic needs, self governance and autonomy, dignity and creativity of label, equity justice inclusion, rights of nature so I just let it be for a few seconds for you to look at this diverse set of principles that actually bind us all together so despite of the fact that we are, we might be in the US where we are listening to this conversation or we might be in India while I'm speaking about this and several different which are not similar, but the sense of trying to trying to articulate what kind of world we want is based on certain sets of ethics and principles worldviews that celebrate life not kill life. There are more views that celebrate autonomy of people not subjugation of people, more views that revive our sense of connection with nature, not destroy the nature. And so, these, these are the kind of values that bind us all together. So the global tapestry of alternatives a process that I began discussing with all of you is trying to create spaces among these various networks of alternatives these initiatives and processes, so that they can be much more collaboration amongst us, much more learning and exchanges because there's so much more we can learn from each other, of course we can replicate these examples not their trees, but what we really need to learn is these principles and it takes that bring us all together. We also know that all of these examples that I've shared and several others across the world are facing act facing immense threat existential threat from corporations from state from institutions. And so it is really important that all of us stand in solidarity with many of these whenever they are needed. We can be together and part of their struggles. So the other objective of GTA is to offer that solidarity. The third objective is of course visualizing these alternatives in this kind of media that we live in today. All we hear is negative news we don't hear people's processes we don't hear how people are responding to the crisis. And so we don't know these powerful stories and one of the important objectives of GTA is to narrate these stories to tell these stories of power of hope of resilience of beauty of diversity that exists across the world. Inspiring other people, all of us are also who are really interested about these issues would also like to do something like this so inspiring others to create their own processes of transformations. And how do we become a critical mass for macro change because I know that all of us have this question, how do we transform the world, the world is going to crisis to do, how do we transform it. And so how do we begin thinking about this and so the other intention of GTA is to move towards that. And the capitalist modernity has told us that imagination is a waste of time. So how through these processes actually we imagine, reimagine the kind of words not just one word, but many words that we want to live in a just world a beautiful world, a loving world that we want to live in. So this is the website of global tapestry of alternatives which you can visit look at various of our processes and the kinds of things that we are involved in and the kind of spaces you can find us. And if you want to get in touch, please feel free to get in touch with us right to us to know more about work. It was a pleasure to be speaking to all of you. I'm sorry I couldn't join you online. But I hope if you have any questions concerns comments reflections, you would feel free to write to me either on this email or on the global tapestry of email. And if wherever you are, you're already practicing an alternative initiative or a process, and you want us to be aware of it because we know that it is hardly possible for us to be aware of all the beautiful things that are unfolding in the world. Do reach out to us and tell us about your work and your initiatives. If you want to work with us collaborate with us to again let us know and we would be really happy to have you with us join in this process. So thank you all, and I wish you all very well. Namaste.


Good evening all, today I am here to talk about best practices of performance tunings of OpenStack Cloud with Chef. So by the way, how many people are using this OpenStack with Chef, wow, good number. I think almost everybody is using it all. Anybody newcomers for the Chef, okay, one, great. Everybody knows about Chef, good. Okay, so before going for the next slide, we want to introduce ourselves, who we are. I am Swami Reddy working with RJL. I am working with OpenStack and Chef projects for last three years. As my job key responsibilities, I need to manage my Chef clusters which are back and for OpenStack Clouds. I am having around 15 years of OpenStack community experience like linux.org, gunu.org, gcc.org. So I am familiar with all OpenSource communities across the world. So now let me introduce my colleague Mr. Pandyan, who is an ATC in OpenStack and key contributor for all projects, he is doing a lot of patches and all things. He is one of the community core community member in India OpenStack community. Okay, sorry. Okay, now let's go for Ajanda. What we'll talk today. Today I'll quickly going through the quick overview of Chef, then OpenStack and Chef integration, then going with the few recommendations for the OpenStack and few recommendations for the Chef, then followed by question and answers. So quickly tell before all my recommendations, this is a setup, we are using it out. Typically we have a general purpose cloud with 200 nodes, we are using for compute, block storage and object storage as use cases. And currently we are running approximately 2500 VMs with 40 TB RAM and 5000 CPU cores. Everything is with our raw Chef storage with four petabytes. On the average, we are using for 20 GB Linux volumes as a boot volumes and 200 GB Windows volumes, sorry, 100 GB. So on the average, we are having the data volumes for 200 GB for both VMs, as Linux as well as the Windows. So below the compute and storage configuration just glance it out. These are all compute configuration, this is the storage configuration. Okay, so now we'll talk about quick overview of Chef. So what is Chef and what is the, just one, I won't spend much time on this. Just have a glance on this so that what Chef provides. Chef is designed to provide the excellent performance and reliability and scalability, which is the Chef was designed for that. It has basically three components, Radar's Gateway and RBD and CFFS. So RBD we use for the OpenStack Cinder as like object storage, block storage as a back end with RBD. And Radar's Gateway is the object storage which is back end with the Radar's Gateway client which supports only the APIs, the APIs which are compatible OpenStack Shift as well as the Amazon S3. Other thing is based on the Radar's on the Chef cluster, which is, so all three, this Radar's will be giving the block storage and everything will be stored in the Radar's. This object storage which is Radar's Gateway, which has the clients, supports the client's Gateway and again everything comes here. So FS Chef file storage still some not production versions you are not using. So I won't talk much about it. Sorry, I am just confused with this. Now I will be talking about the OpenStack Chef integration. What are the components on the OpenStack? What are the Chef components? How do both talks each other? This is a typical diagram what is the OpenStack? So it has this Sinder, Glance, Nova and other components. So we will talk one by one, Sinder. Sinder is the OpenStack block storage services which supports the persistent block storage for the users and it talks to the Radar's Gateway, sorry RBD, Chef RBD, then eventually it comes to everything here, Radar's. So Glance, Glance is again image services which will provide the catalog for all the images, what it has stored and everything. Again it back end by the RBD, all it stores in Chef Radar's. Similarly I will first talk about Shift. Shift is object storage of OpenStack and it has interface, APIs which will talk to Radar's Gateway client and eventually store all the objects into the Radar's. So coming to Nova. Nova is a compute services which will spawn VMs and manage VMs and attach volumes and all things using the hypervisors. So Nova talk to hypervisors and all the back end is RBD. Again all the volumes will, everything will be in RBD and coming to the storage here. So here is a typical flow for the block storage and object storage. So first block storage if we go here, the OpenStack, Nova will be there, it will talk to the LibWat. So LibWat configuration will say that how to talk, what is my RBD and all things. It will come to the QEMU and from the LibWat, from the LibRBD, from LibRadar's, this is the lower part where the OSDs and everything will be available. Moans OSDs and everything will be available. Similarly for the object storage. So object storage it doesn't have anything like front end. It will depends on the S3 APIs compatible and Shift APIs compatible. Usually talk to this API compatible. The request will come from here. Go to the Rados Gateway client. Again Rados Gateway client is built on the LibRados. LibRados again internally goes to the Rados Chef Rados. This is a typical flow for the object storage and block storage. So now I'm going to talk about a few recommendations for the Chef to get the best performance or the tunings. But these are all the recommendations based on my experience and what we are done. So again depends on the use case. It's not one-to-one mapping of all the use cases, whatever we are using now. So first I'll talk about the glance. So what is a glance? We just discussed about glance. Glance is an open stack image services. It provides all the images and the catalog available for the images. So here I have few recommendations. Like this is the first one, say default. If you want to use the Chef as a backend default or storage, you can need to say Orbedy. It is a default one. Second one, disabled local caches. If you are using the boot from volume, your images, you are spawning a VM with the boot from volume. You will download the image always and keep it in the local cache. Let us say if you are doing for 1000 times, 1000 VMs you are spawning. 1000 times the image will be downloaded and kept in the local cache, which will eventually kill the compute's local space. Like 10 GB into 1000, two big numbers, which will all space will be gone. Due to that, you may impact about the existing processes. Lack of memory, lack of threads and all things. So I recommend to remove the local cache. So second one is a very important thing, which is like show the image, direct URL and show the multiple locations. So this will support us to two ways. One, there is no downloads required if you have direct URL available and no copy required because due to that, we know where the image is available. So here is an example with the direct URL. We could see the direct URL as like this, RBD, image ID, images, the full location will be like this. Else we need to go to the glance, ask for that, keep downloading and keep it in local cache or don't keep it. So it has all the time saving for that. For the glance with Chef, always I recommend use the raw images because Chef internally supports the raw images only. This helps to save the conversion time. So here are the sample test results, what we have ran it out. If you use the QQ2 image of windows about 50 GB, booting time took around 45 minutes. So simple with the raw image, so less than a minute because it saves the time on conversion, downloads and everything. So quickly picks the image from the Chef itself and boots. So now I will talk about the Cinder recommendations. What is Cinder? Obviously we discussed Cinder is a block storage services from the open stack and it supports the persistent block storage things. So here I don't have much recommendations except one. Since it is a default one, if you want to enable the Chef as a back end, just say enable Chef back end. And for the Cinder backups, I always recommend to use the Chef if you are using the Chef as main storage. Back up also you should be having on Chef because Chef internally supports the incremental backups.  That will eventually save you a lot of space. Let us say first backup is 10 GB, second gap is 12 GB. You will have only 2 GB for that. And Chef has well known about this support so it maintains all the no dependency maintenance and everything it maintains. So this is a strong recommendation if you are going for the Cinder backups and with the Chef as your main storage, it is recommended to go with the Cinder backup. This is a default configuration, nothing much but I recommend this to have the incremental backup to get a lot of space savings. So coming to the NOVA. NOVA I do not have much recommendations except this is a default configuration to configure things and I recommend to use the LibRados instead of KRBD. So LibRados will link with the LibWord configuration where we need to say enable cache. That will give a read IOPS more, read performance will be more. So that is what the basic components of OpenStack recommendations. Now I will go with the Chef recommendations. We have a lot of things here. Major recommendations come from here only. Before going for the recommendations, we need to answer the decision factors, use cases. What is the storage required? And there are two types. We have a raw storage. Let us say I have so many petabytes of storage. Can I use everything at one shot? Because Chef use the replication factor 2, 3, 4 based on the use case. We have 4 petabytes, 2 replications we get usable as only 2 petabytes. If you have 3, divide by 3. So this is again required, depends on the use case. Depends on the use case, depends on the requirements. Similarly, we need to decide on how many IOPS required. What is my requirement? I want very high IOPS with low cost. See, average, upgraded how much, per VM how much. These are all the we need to get answers before going for the trickings and things. And again, most important thing is that what to optimize? We want to optimize for the performance or optimize for the cost. These are the very challenging item. Both are very opponents. See, if you want to optimize for performance, you need to put a lot of money for that. Or you want to cost for this, you need to compromise on performance. So this is again decision factors before going for any performance, any trickings. So here is a quick performance optimization criteria. So I could simply, this table is a self-explanatory, just to plan it out. So what is IOPS? So low cost, high cost, and throughput is what is optimized. And capacity, what is the cost per TB? These are the examples. These are given the examples. Now I will be talking about OSD considerations. Self has OSD, right? What is OSD? OSD is an object storage demand, which is responsible for storing the objects to the file system. For this, I have few recommendations. What is the CPU required, right? This is the minimum. It's not maximum. So these are the minimum requirements for CPU, RAM, and all things. If you have more, it will be better. And ChefMons. ChefMons is a ChefMonitorDemon, which is the, maintain the consistency about the maps of ChefMonitorMaps across the cluster. This is the, this demon maintains the consistency across the cluster. Again, it is recommended to use one ChefMon node for 15 to 20 OSD. So let us say we have more, it may take time to make the consistency. Copy the maps one to other. Delay may happen. And networks. Always networks, right? So you should not cross the network throughput. What is the all OSDs? Let us say I have 20 OSDs, which gives some X throughput all together. And we should have the at least X or above X. We should have below X. So that will throttle the performance. Because all the OSDs operations will go and block at the network layer. So it is suggested, or at least should not exceed the network throughput. All OSDs. Again threads. See if you have, using the more OSDs on a single node, each OSD will spawn so many, a lot of threads based on the, is internal operations like backfilling, right recovery, scrubbing, a lot of things, right? A lot of other things. But be careful that number of threads should not affect our performance. So Linux will support some X number of threads only, or Linux box. So always recommend, at least around 20 should be recommended value for the OSDs. And one more thing here. The Chef OSDs always go with the J-Bot mode. Never go with any red setups. Because if you add the red one, it will eventually cause the red controller all the performance bottlenecks comes. Because Chef itself maintains the copies and all things. So definitely go with the J-Bot mode. No red required. So now I will be talking about Chef OSDs generaling. So what is the generaling purpose? Why people use the generaling? So basically general you need for getting the speed and consistency, right? So Chef OSD demand will talk to the journaling to quickly write the data to the desks. Quick operations. And consistency how it comes. OSD will take care to flash the data to OSD from journaling to the file system with a fraction of seconds. During that time, it won't do any write operations or read operations, but it flash the data to the file system. So these two operations OSD will help. The OSD generaling will help us to get the performance. Again, we have multiple types of generalings. On disk generaling or use the separate hard disk as a generaling or we can use the SSD generalings. So if we use the SSD generaling, we will get good performance compared to the on disk. We have a test results which we have done with on disk generaling and SSD generaling. With on disk, we got around 45 bps. For SSD, we got almost double. But we have our test environment used with 1 is to 11 SSD OSD ratio, but as the Chef recommendations, it is 1 is to 4 or 1 is to 5 or 1 is to 6 is the better one to get the best performance. So same results we have done for the other things. Sequential writes and random reads, sequential reads and random reads, these are the results for this. So operating system considerations. If you have a Chef nodes or Chef, what are the operating system tweaks, we want to set it out. I just solve, you can just glance it out. Nothing is all self-explanatory, CPU tuning, IOS show dealing, disable numers, swappiness, put the maximum kernel things, enable the bias with HD and VT. But these are all the default things, but these are all required to improve the performance from the OS side. So now I will be talking about the Chef networking. So what are the things required for the Chef side? So it is always recommended to use the two networks, one for the public or user, another for the cluster network. Because Chef has been doing a lot of internal activities like rebalancing, recovery, scrubbing, so many other things are happening. So these operations should not affect the public network. Let us say we have only one network, Chef is occupied everything, so users will see the slowness of that. So that is the best one is to go with two networks, one for the public and one for the cluster. So if you have two nicks, so two networks comes with two nicks. So better to use the 10-gig, if you are offered to or one gig is fine, but it is advisable to go with 10-gigs because Chef is a lot of intensity using all the internal operations. And one more point, the demo frames are recommended across the network. So this is how to set the demo frames. And the tower switch and spine switch, we need to have a high bandwidth and always go with the BMC hardware to get the alerts and all things. So in our environment we have done the nick bonding, we have two nicks with the 10-gig and we have done the nick bonding with the LB mode, balance LB mode. So this is the before nick bonding, we got around this is speed average 5 gbps. Now after doing the nick bonding, we got almost 9 or 8.x gbps. So I recommend to use the nick bonding wherever possible to achieve the good performance. So now I will be going for the failure domains.  A failure domain always says that something fails, we have to access our data. That is a failure domain. Chef supports these are the failure domains starting with OSD, host, chassis, RAP, ROP, PDU, POD and all things. But there is a info right. So if you have something cost added for the isolation of data, if you go with the failure domain as a host, we should have that many hosts to support our environment. Again similarly if you have chassis, rack again it will cost added for the cluster. For example if you want to go for the rack, we should have minimum 3 racks or 2 racks as per the replication count. So I recommend based on this right, you select the chassis or the rack for the failure domain, for the data durability and data availability. So now I will talk about operational recommendations. So what are the, during the Chef, Chef is running, we want to tweak the performance or we are impacted by so many items, how to deal those things. Few or things are scrubbing and deep scrubbing. What is a scrubbing and deep scrubbing do that? Scrubbing and deep scrubbing is a mechanism to do maintain the data integrity across the Chef cluster. Scrubbing is simple light scrubbing. It will just check the object, size as well as the attributes are fine. It won't do that much in that. But deep scrubbing will read every data and checks it, checks some, everything is fine. So this deep scrubbing will take a lot of CPU cycles and impact the performance of the existing cluster. So we have, these are the options how to disable, enable the things. So once we disable Chef, health will go on state and again we can enable like this. So this deep scrubbing Chef supports few options. Like we will enable the scrubbing begin and end times. So let us say normally we have the operation so non peak times. Users will be there in the 8 to 8 or something like that. So in that time, we'll stop the scrubbing. Chef won't do anything scrubbing back end. So we will set timings. When it start, when it begins. So what is the threshold levels? And similarly for the deep scrubbing, these are the main travels. Like deep scrubbing I can set it to 2 weeks once per PG. So that after 2 weeks only, it will again read all the objects and check it out if it is everything perfect, then do that. And other performance like the related operational items comes like recovery and backfilling. So let us say we have some OSDs or some node gone down. There is a lot of objects to the backfilling and recover. The data has to be recovered, right? So these are the parameters which will impact on these operations. Max backfill is a default is 10. Either you can increase or decrease but there is a complexity on it. If you increase it out, performance, the recovery backfill goes fast but if you decrease it out, it will go slow. So basically these operations are linked with the user operations. Share the same bandwidth on user operations and the cluster operations. So these numbers we need to tweak very carefully during the what time we can do and when we do not want to do these things. And these are all things we can dynamically tweak. Nothing to restart, nothing to do anything else. This is self-command style. We can inject the things dynamically and we can change that. But before these are the very carefully taken that may impact your user operations. If you increase, impact the user operations, if we decrease, definitely it takes, recovery takes long time. So finally I have the few guidelines for the performance tuning. So always change one option at a time. Never play with two options at the same time and we do not know what is happening with other things. So always I recommend to play with one option at a time. Check what is changing. Let us say you have changed the X option and identify what is happening with that and see if it is impacting or not impacting or not. And if the option related performance test you need to run. Let us say you have changed the IOPS related things and you are testing the performance of other things which are not related. So you cannot identify whether this tweak or performance tuning is really working for you or not working for you. So that is the reason. So the right performance test for changing options. We have changed at least 10 times. Do not assume that one time I have done, okay it is working point, okay I will go with this. Never do that. Do at least, I recommend 10. Maybe you can take bigger number or smaller number. It is always good to go with 10. Sorry, what happened? It is recommended to change multiple times and see what is happening and identify that. Then only take addition. And if during the, any value or configuration changes, do you see any errors in the log files? Just observe that. So that will be very important. And look for the results of the things and estimate these general things. So coming to the Chef tuning side, Chef cluster parameter, that is what I already told that. So we can dynamically change the workloads or change the performance configurations dynamically. No need to do the restart service, nothing required. But these changes may impact the data integrity and so that it may cause the rebalancing more and reduce the network bandwidth. Tuning should be performed on the only test environment. So this is the most important people directly do on the production environments and see, oh, my production gone, what happened to do with it. So it is always recommended to do the testing of the tuning or testing everything on the test environment. And confirm that all the results are fine and everything okay and make the automated process to how to do on the production, then go for production. So now time for question and answer. Could you please come to the mic so that it is recording? This side. So as a brief follow up to the statement about the testing and make sure that it's done a number of times, I have worked with disk testing in the past and there is actually a group called SNEA which deals with being able to measure performance metrics on disks and yeah, there are recommendations for the minimum number of times you need to rerun a test in order to be able to determine that statistically valid. There's also something very important to note on that one and that is solid state disks of course perform better when they're new. So they have an elevated period of performance that will drop off after a certain period of time. So I'm very glad to see that you put that on there and we're mentioning that because that is a big pitfall. So it's more of a thank you for validating that than necessarily a question. Thank you very much. Very good. Just a quick question. So one of your slides mentioned that it's highly recommended to have hyper threading enabled. So why is that? Did you do any benchmarks comparing self-performance with and without hyper threading or was the motivation there? I profiled it. So one of the slides further. Okay, fine. I understand that. The bios settings I have recommended, right? Okay. See, nowadays the bias comes with the default in disabling the hyper threading and virtual technologies. But Chef requires a lot of CPU cycles to perform the operations because one OSD will do all sorts of actions like recovery, rebalancing, scrubbing, deep scrubbing. So much activities has required. Definitely if you enable the hyper threading, it will add the performance. And by default, nowadays all biases are coming with disabling state. So I recommend to go to the bios settings and enable that. All right, thanks. Thank you. The real reason you want hyper threading is it kind of hides the latency of the memory accesses and Chef is all about going to storage. So when one thread is going and doing something in storage, scrubbing, cleaning, whatever, storing, the other thread can make progress. Thank you. We have four minutes left. Any more? I have a question about networking. This cluster networking should be separated physically or should be another VLAN. Do you have any test results about this difference? I don't have at the moment, but it is recommended to go with physical if you have the infrastructure supports because going for physical is almost cost, right? We should have all towers and we have all routers and everything. But worst case, we can go separate with VLAN. It should be OK. OK, because we have one network and we observe packet drops on our switch and I'm thinking about separating this network physically to another switch. I don't know if I see any difference or not. The difference will be there, but again, it depends on the use case, whether if you are able to provide all the towers and then it's advisable to go with that. OK, thank you. Hello. You mentioned that you recommend to use HBAs for connecting disk OSD devices and not recommend using read controllers. And did you run some tests or other things because our experience shown that read controllers with enabled cache gives better performance than HBA mode? OK. I didn't have that use case. Maybe later I'll talk to you and we'll give the information. OK. Thank you. So last minute. Does the Ceph cluster go to warn after it couldn't be scrapped for, I don't know, days or weeks if the load is too high? OK. It is not like that. It will be operation. If you disable the options, I'll show you, I'll just tell you through that. OK. So if we disable the options, then it will go on one state. So this is what I have disabled here. If you unset the scrub option, then it will go on one state. But due to the high load, it is not complete in the scrub. It won't go further because eventually it will try to do that, right? So Ceph health will be OK. Thank you. Thank you very much for the patience over time. Thank you very much.