Okay, well, I'll take the next 15 minutes trying to run you through an Israeli program, which actually comes from a slightly different angle. It's going to be the experience of implementing a personalized medicine program within an age-mo-like organization, a non-for-profit organization. Okay, let's go for here. Okay, so just a couple minutes on the Israeli health system. We are, it's again like what we heard before in Belgium, or we know from the U.K., and other Canada, and other, it's a health system where there's full coverage of the whole Israeli population, only that the service here is provided by four providers, say age-mo-like. They're non-for-profit, and the people in the country have the freedom to move between the providers every three or six months, and actually the providers only compete on a level of service, and you know, the length of lines, of waiting lines, and things like that, because the content of the services provided is dictated by the government, and it's fixed for all the age-mo's. Okay, so once every year there's a process that updates the services basket and says what will be included and what not, but once it's included, all four providers provide the same service on the same items, and everything is free of charge, or with a very tiny copay. So we have four services, and I'm going to talk today about the program of Clalit, which is the largest one covering about close to 60% of the population, and with about 1,000 primary care clinics, about 3,200 primary care physicians, seven general hospitals that belong to Clalit, but the insurers of Clalit can go into any other hospital in the country. So these are just hospitals that specifically belong to the organization. In a sense, at least for the Americans, it's a Kaiser Permanente type of organization, size-wise, but it's not for profit. Okay, so and the interesting thing is that we all pay our health insurance to the government. We do not pay to the provider. There's no financial contract between us and the provider, and the government disperses the funding between the different providers, according to various parameters. Okay. Now, when the organization that Clalit, I mean that organization, HMO, whatever we call it, decided to move on towards the subject of genomic medicine, personalized medicine, whatever name we give it, they approached us. We were then active as the National Cancer Control Center of the organization of the HMO, and we had a large team of disciplinary team of a variety of professions. We had quite a large lab. We were involved in a lot of research with tens of thousands of participants. We had a biobank of more than 400,000 samples, of a variety of samples, and we had experience with a lot of genetic testing, research based genetic testing, so it made sense to come to us as an expert group and suggest that we try and develop a program for the HMO on these grounds. We also have the clinical counseling service, and we have very large series of carriers. Some of them are a reflection of the fact that the Israeli, especially the Ashkenazi population, is a founder population, so you get a lot of mutations and you really reach very large numbers. So as a whole, we were a facility that was right in place with a lot of hands-on experience in the genetic aspects of research and large-scale research, so we were approached. I just want to show that within our study, that's one of our studies, our corrective cancer study, and that's the first 5,000 participants in the study, et cetera. We were in a stage when we started designing things. We were at a stage of really separating populations very clearly and very dramatically within Israel. You see the Ashkenazi population here in black. You see the Sephardi population in red. These are the Jewish populations. You see the Arab population in blue. In light blue is an Arab sect that are the Druze. It's interesting. We got an influx of non-Arab Christians who are non-Arab. We have Arab Christians and non-Arab Christians that came in, especially from the Russian republics in recent years, and you see they're here in green in between. So it's very interesting to see the separation on a paper that showed similar data come out from Duke. Who's it? David Ginsberg, right? Goldstein. Sorry, Jeff. Sorry. I'm allowed to do that mistake. That's a paper that he did, and he again could separate very clearly the Jewish population here from the Druze population, Palestinian population, and Bedouin population, and here's like the U.S. population. Population is separable if we were talking about population certification and need to know the genetics of certain populations where you operate your medical system. This is clearly a case where it shows that you need to have a lot of information about that. Our colleague from Kuwait talked before about Arab populations. We actually have tons of data on the genetics of various Arab populations, just because we're doing all most of our studies in northern Israel, and that's where most of the Israeli Arab population resides. So a lot of genetics, a lot of non-genetics data on that, that could be of help to groups. Family history was mentioned before. We put a lot of emphasis in trying to introduce family history into our medical records. Every activity that we do on a national level would try to collect data on that. So for example, here you see the results, the reporting of family history of breast cancer among Jews, Christian Arabs, Muslim Arabs, Druze in women who came in to have a mammogram. So these are the reports of a million women in a tiny country. We only have four million women in the whole country. So a million women reported on family history, the same thing with every screening activity. Everything we do, we make sure to incorporate family history data into our databases. Not only that, we push it into the doctor's computers, and all the doctors are computerized on the same system. So we push it in, and the next step that we took only recently was we identified first-degree family relatives through the population registered and pushed the day information of family history into their medical records without disclosing who the family case is, because then you run into all this, all the privacy issues. But we pushed, we really are trying to push this data wherever we can, and we have registers on many other diseases. We also run large registers of cardiovascular diseases and others, so we can really push in a lot of information this way. In any case, so we set up to build a program, an organized program, really a committed organized program, and there were issues of policy, of education, and provision of service. And in policy, first thing was to get the commitment of the management. That's always the toughest part.   So this is what you come and sell. You try to say that you'll provide better health and you'll be cost-effective. The contents were defined as dealing with molecular medicine to, for risk reduction, for disease detection, for efficient treatment, and for prognosis determination. Finances are always a big issue. These are, you know, these technologies are very costly, and also the fact that they are outdated before they actually hit your bench is also a major issue. We had to struggle with issues of homebrew testing versus commercial kids. We decided to go for homebrew testing wherever we could. For example, just because, you know, a founder mutation panel for Ashkenazi Jews in the U.S. would be five to $700 in our lab. It's about $40, and I've done about 50,000 of them. So, I mean, so wherever we can, but when you do homebrew, you have to invest in R&D, because otherwise you cannot rely on the development of a kid of others. A lot of legal and ethical issues. Yes, of course, entry into databases and everything is computerized in our system. It's a big issue. Education. We invested a lot in education of the medical teams. We are aware of the fact that they are scared, terribly scared by this whole field, and many times confused. This is in an illegible language for you, but that's like our KRAS brochure, which tells the doctors, and it's actually aimed at the primary care level to say, you know, what is the disease we're talking about? What drugs will be influenced by the gene? What tests are we going to do? What's the gene test interaction? What's the population variability in the gene? What is the clinical evidence? Who should be tested? And what should you do with the answer of the test? Okay, so this is kind of a, and we have it for numerous, many, many different tests. Provision of service, we established an expert team of geneticists and pharmacogeneticists and pharmacologists and a variety of physicians who are at the service of all the doctors of the organization. They want to ask somebody, they have a phone call, they can ask about whether to order the test, what to do with the test result, what the test is about, and everything they want. So there's a support group and there's a centralized lab as much as we can. We're not limiting it to the centralized lab, but the centralized lab takes most of the toll and does most of the tests. I'll skip these long lists of genes that we are able to do. This is one panel that we gave in and we're starting to operate now the TrueSec on our MySec. And just as an example, doing EGFR testing in lung cancer tissue, we could report close to 2,000 tests within about a year of activity, because we, as a centralized lab, get the samples from all the hospitals. In Israel, we can say how many were positive, we can say what is the distribution of the mutations just by being centralized and being with good databases. We just have all the data right there. We can look similarly at ALC, which follows a negative EGFR, and again, see the proportion in our population that are positive. We can see if we want to look at the whole picture of lung cancer, that 33% will be EGFR mutated, 25-care rats, etc. etc. And again, this is critical data for our decision making with regards to treatment. We can look at multiple mutations in a tumor to see what's mutually exclusive and what's not. We can look at survival patterns here, the people with EGFR mutations and without EGFR mutations. So the EGFR mutate are doing better, but are they doing better because of treatment, or are they doing better just because the mutation gives them an advantage? Well, no, if you have the mutation, but you're not treated in blue, you're like without the mutation. So the advantage is really only if you are mutated and you receive the TKIs to treat the mutation. Similarly, with ALC, we could show the differences. And here, if you have ALC mutation, you're really faring badly. We were even able, because we have all the pharmacy data, everything is computerized, every single element in the system. So we could actually look, if you had an ALC mutation, but you wrongly received TKIs, what would happen? And also, if you did not have the ALC mutation and you received gazatinib, what would happen? And we can see that it's actually of no value. So it's true that gazatinib should be reserved only for out mutated and that TKIs should be reserved only for EGFR mutated. You can show it with rather big numbers of information. So I mean, that's the conclude. I mean, it's a centralized program and we think that the centralized program is a good approach. Whoops. Already? I think I still have a second. Okay. Can you bring it back? Okay. Anyway, we think that centralized program has its advantages. And by having big volumes, you can really make sure that you have very good quality control for your tests. You can make sure that your turnaround of the response of results will be fast and quick. And you have tons of data that actually come to a central database where you can control and see the stuff. I wanted to acknowledge the team. You are not going to see the picture of all the team members. But in any case, this is just an example of how to try in a very organized manner, take something from A to B and under the responsibility of the organization. So this is really covering a whole population. Thank you very much. Mary Reling St. Jude. So you showed the incredible ancestral diversity that you have in your population related to race and ethnic groups. Do you have any examples of a variant that's actionable in one group and not actionable in another, either somatically acquired or inherited? No. So I have all these specific... I'm still here. No, I'm okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Dr. Rhodes. No, I mean, because you're asking whether it's actionable or not. And you're referring to the result of the action to show that something worked in this group and did not, although the two groups had the same mutation. Right. Right. Or non-existent. So for example... That's a different situation. Yeah. No, but that's very, very surprising to us that we have, you know, within the Jewish population, you know, we could find the 185 DELEG, whatever, BRCA, in Ashkenazi Jews, also in Iraqi Jews, which are completely a different area, but in none of the North African Jews. So... Right. Right. Not before we tested. So I have a very specific question about a germline variant, and that's the D36Y variant in V-Core C1. So one question was in V-Core C1, so the warfarin gene. So one of the questions I actually had was whether you have a focus only on the tumor genome or whether there's a germline as well. No, no. We're definitely doing germline testing too. I've done thousands of V-Core C1 as part of you know, I mean, research-based, because again, we are constantly involved in R&D. We have to, because we have to, if this comes up to be an important gene, we have to be ready to supply the service nationwide. There are data, there is really data that suggests that there's a 5%, there's a 5% or a rare non-synonymous variant in V-Core C1 that confers relative or absolute warfarin resistance. So these patients take, instead of taking 5 milligrams a day, take 15 milligrams a day. And I'm just wondering whether you have encountered that one and whether that is an implementable variant. We probably would not encounter it. I mean, specifically in our lab, because otherwise I would have known about it. But I do know that we tested for the whole, you know, cardiovascular panel, including, you know... So the cardiovascular panels have to include this one. I would have thought they had to include this one, because this is an Ashkenazi variant. Wait, okay, sorry.  It's not me. So I was hoping that that was going to be an answer to Mary's question, a variant that is ancestry-specific and actionable, but maybe I don't know enough about it. That's not her question. Her question was if I can find it in one ethnic group, in two ethnic groups, but it's actionable in one and not in the other. That is a tricky one, because I mean, finding it in... You're right, that was my question. Dan was wrong. I wanted to ask you about the data that you showed on Crisatinib not being effective in EGRF negatives, which is what one would expect. You would think that those would be unimportant data, but actually in talking with our Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, one of the things that they find is that physicians will do these tests and will give the drug anyway, even if it's negative, you may have the same thing happen in your place, because it's the best choice. You see, that's why it happened. I mean, how would it... How would you otherwise have it? It should be sequential. Right. You have the mutation, you're eligible for the drug. Correct. Many patients elect to use the drug, try to do whatever, and that's how we can show. I mean, otherwise, it would not have had anybody who would knock and deal with it. So what I wanted to say was, A, we need to get physicians to actually follow up and act based on the tests that they do, but that's one issue. Another is that it's very helpful to have that kind of evidence, because actually some of the ways that our Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS makes decisions on payment is not necessarily on having evidence of benefit, but just having some influence on medical care. So it doesn't necessarily have to have an evidence. It's being written up. Great. Great. Okay. Yeah. So just letting others know that those kinds of data are very helpful, and they said, if you have any evidence that things don't work, we want to know that. So that would be great. Maybe I'll ask, or make the last comment. What I heard you describe was an incredibly powerful system for evidence generation. You describe it as a centralized means of providing quality service provision, but you've got the genomic data, the pharmacy data, the outcome data, and because you're an HMO, you have obviously the cost data. So to me, this would seem like the perfect system to do what is thematic in this meeting to really begin to generate evidence at scale. Do you want to comment on that, or do you disagree? Well, I agree for a statement on a perfect system, but... No, no, no. No, it is very powerful, I just make it very powerful. And actually, a lot of different agencies are making use of our data. Like now we're happy to have the FDA access question about certain drugs, not the genomics of drugs, but like, you know, side effects and stuff like that. Whenever the issues come up, we can immediately, you know, query our databases. And this is a massive database. I mean, there's billions of points, and it's actually quite hard to handle. But yes, I mean, it's special. The only thing that worries me a little bit when we do our work is to what extent is it generalizable? That's the only issue. I mean, if we are really genetically different, to what extent is that the case and because it's really, I mean, naturally I don't have the time to show a million examples. But you know what I mean? Like, we have half the lung cancer rate per same smoking than non-juice. Now it's true in Israel and it's true in New York.  Okay, so there's a lot of issues. And the question is really to what extent is it generalizable, you know, because there are many issues, you know, I mean, like the BRCA gene, very common in our system. Does anybody know why, if the penicillin is 50%, why do two women with the same mutation, one gets attention, one does not? I mean, 100 women, 50 get it, they do not. Why? I mean, the simple consortium is trying to answer this question for 10 years. No answer. So your mention of the BRCA gene makes me channel Heidi again and just raise the issue of it's been very difficult in the U.S. to get data on sequence variation in BRCA1 because all the data are locked up in a proprietary database. But there are efforts to try to either, you know, liberalize or liberate some of those data or report them individually. But are you guys working on BRCA1 sequence variants, depositing them somewhere, making them available with phenotype information, because it would be critically important, I think. Frankly, the answer is no, and it's no because we are so spoiled. We have the founder mutations. We don't need to look at variants. We just go directly for the founders. So we don't sequence. We're going to start sequencing now because we have enough reason to do it. But actually, although we have found the variants.


Lega state gavada Babaji Desamo Lu has called for collaboration and partnership with the Domestic and Sexual Violence Agency to bring an end to the vice in the state. The governor stated these are the Domestic and Sexual Violence Agency governor's office award and commendation dinner held in Lega. Plus TV correspondent Love Ikuku Yedoku has more in this report. It was a night of commendation, gratitude and appreciation. The annual commendation and awards night usually wraps up a month-long activities and programs designed to showcase government's achievement in the fight against sexual and gender-based violence. Gavna Babaji Desamo Lu was represented by the secretary to the state government Abimbola Salu Hundei. The governor who described sexual and gender-based violence as evil, wicked and inhuman called for more convictions of the bad acts in society to serve as deterrents to others. We want anybody to be bullied or to be abused, however, and that's why this has come up again. It's another form of enlightenment. It's not just a rush to come and eat and drink, but to remind ourselves of the importance of ensuring that gender-based violence is completely eradicated from Lega state. Titi Lola Vaivo Adeniye is the executive secretary of Lega's Domestic and Sexual-Based Violence Agency. While giving a rundown of the achievements of the agency, she called on everyone experiencing one form of violence or the other to reach out to them. We are looking at this from a preventive and a response lens. We are creating awareness, engaging the critical stakeholders, including the children, parents, members of the society, community leaders, religious clerics, because we know that it's important for us to heighten awareness about these issues, so that people know that these are crimes, crimes are committed against the state and ultimately ensure perpetrators are held accountable. So we'd like to encourage every resident of Lega state who may be experiencing one form of violence or the other to know that they are not alone. We believe them, we encourage them to reach out to us on our toll free like 08000, 333, 333. Remember, there is help for you. SGBB, not in my Lega's. Lega state attorney general and commissioner for justice, Lawa Pedro, declared that the time of complacency is long gone and urged members of the public to help sustain the conversation to enable the government to build a progressive society. We celebrate the real heroes who despise the societal pressures on toll hardship, denies and pain, who are bold enough to speak up and say enough is enough. I charge you all to remain ambassadors and flag carriers in the fight against sexual and gender based violence. This conversation may be sustained in our workplaces, religious places, religious institution, residential area, social area, social media also inclusive. This is of almost importance if we truly desire a progressive and humane society. We also recognise that they have been bold to speak up. We want to talk to various institutions, colleges, the notary schools who come to courts as witnesses. What can we say? This is a very serious crime and nobody should sweep it under the carpet. We must keep reporting so that we can get the lockdown. It is a new beginning and we promise that the courts in Lega states will never be left behind. India's separate remarks wife of Lega state governor, the chief judge of Lega state and the commissioner of police who were all represented at the event, loaded the effort of the state government towards fighting the menace. Love Ikuku Uiedukun, plus TV news. We will be notified about fresh news updates.


Ladies and gentlemen, it's a great pleasure for me to chair this session on energy and environment. We've had a lot today with a very insightful session and for me it's a great pleasure to welcome very knowledgeable people in this panel and I will immediately start with Mr. Harper. The floor is yours. Okay, thank you. I will, so you will, would you present, would you put your, my presentation, my slides? Okay, yeah. The Russian invasion of Ukraine is clearly a wake-up call. Geopolitics is a key dimension in the energy sector. I would like to quote André Girot, former minister of industry during the second oil shock in France. You used to say oil is a resource with huge diplomatic and defense dimension with a fiscal content and marginally a calorific value. The same applies also for natural gas. So in my presentation, short presentation, I will first develop the main dimensions of the geopolitics of the energy sector and then I'll come back to the decisive turning point of February 24th and then I will highlight the ongoing tensions on oil and gas sector. Geopolitics has always been a key dimension of the oil sector. This is due to the concern of security of supply. The unequal distribution of oil and gas reserves you can see on this slide is an important concern. And on this map, the size of each country is related to the importance of its oil reserves. And this slide illustrates clearly the geological anomaly of the Middle East. The same applies to natural gas. Two-third of gas reserves are located between the fifth and the seventieth meridians, specifically Russia, Iran or Qatar. However, these slides do not include non-conventional resources. The revolution of non-conventional hydrocarbons is a major game changer for geopolitics. Today, the United States are the first producers of oil and petroleum products in the world. In 2020, they became independent for their energy supply for the first time since 1952. This game changer has a major impact on geopolitics. For example, in 2020, Barack Obama highlighted that the country regains an important latitude in their diplomacy thanks to their energy autonomy. The Ukrainian conflict is a clear example of this return of geopolitics. Thanks to their renewed energy independence, the U.S. were claiming leadership on the world energy market and also on the supply of Europe. Russia, the first gas exporter, is threatening on the other side the energy weapon, which has been made afterwards. The political situation of the Middle East is always unstable. The election of Joe Biden confirmed the disengagement of the U.S. in the Middle East. China and Russia take this opportunity to increase their influence on the region. The wars in Libya, Syria, Yemen are not yet solved and the withdrawal of the U.S. of the GCPOA with Iran is creating further uncertainties. This unstable situation is a real threat for the energy sector due to the importance of the resources of energy in this region. China is a key player in the world economy. This slide shows the share of China in the growth of some industrial and energy indicators since 1978. More than 80 percent of the growth of coal or steel demand worldwide, 60 percent of carbon emissions. As the largest energy consumer and CO2 emitter in the world, China is key with rising geopolitical tensions as a major stomping block. As the energy supply is the Achilles Neal Hill of its economy, China is developing a dynamic diplomacy around the world, Middle East, Russia, Africa. We should not ignore the geopolitical challenges linked with the energy transition and I will be very short due to the excellent discussion during the press session. Renewable energy is requiring growing resource of critical raw material. Access and prices of many resources is a challenge such as cobalt, copper, real airs. And you can see on this slide the main producers of critical raw material. China has a clear leadership on critical raw material as it is shown on this slide. China has also a quasi-monopolistic position on certain technologies such as solar panels and batteries. So the invasion of Ukraine by Russia on the 24th of February is a decisive turning point. This dramatic event has a major impact on the energy scene. I just remind you that Russia is a key player on the energy market. It represents 6.4 percent of oil reserves, 17.3 percent of gas reserves, third producer of oil, and first exporter of natural gas. Europe was heavily relying on Russian energy supplies, 20 percent, 20 percent of European oil imports, 46 percent of gas, and 60 percent of coal. On vice versa, Russian economy was relying on energy export to Europe. Total energy export of Russia represents 25 percent of its gross domestic product and 57 percent of its export. And for the last 20 years, this mutual dependence was a win-win solution. It's over now. Ukrainian invasion impacted immediately the gas market both in Europe and Asia. Volatility and prices increased dramatically. The same happened for oil and extra electricity. Most European countries reacted in order to mitigate the impact to the final consumer. Rapidly, the European Union to embargo measures on coal and oil. We may question the real impact of these measures on Russian economy. Both coal and oil market are deep and Russia has been able to redirect its export. For example, India increased by a factor of 10 its imports of oil from Russia. However, the situation is clearly different for natural gas. So clearly in the near future, we may anticipate geopolitical tension of the oil and gas market. The oil market will be faced by, to a growing tension. It is due to lack of investment in exploration production, which has been reduced by a factor of 2 since 2014. At the same time, the oil demand continues to grow. It will not be possible to compensate the natural depletion of existing field, which is estimated at about 6% per annum without investment. For example, for the next 10 years, the IA estimates that the production of new fields to be developed amounts to 20 to 30 million barits per day for a total market of 100 million barits per day. The oil market will be stretched as we experienced 15 years ago. At the same time, the market has been rebalanced, so at that time, the market has been rebalanced thanks to the dramatic growth of non-conventional oil in the US. However, it will not be surely the case in the future. There are significant uncertainties, both technical and economical, for the development of non-conventional oil in the US. The IA, for example, the American Institute of Energy estimates that the US production will reach a plateau in 2030 and then starts to decline. The situation will clearly increase the power of OPEC Plus on the market. On April 12, 2020, reacting to the COVID crisis, OPEC Plus decided to reduce its production quotas by 9.7 million barits per day for a total market of 100 million barits per day. Afterwards, it decided to increase slowly its production, keeping a clear grasp on the market. On October 5, this year, OPEC Plus decided again to reduce their quota by 2 million barits per day. This renewed control of the market is a major geopolitical game changer and a major threat for the consumers. Natural gas market is tightening. This is a clear challenge for Europe, which is relying heavily on Russian supplies. LNG is a unique alternative. For the last six months, LNG imports junk to 40%. At the same time, the share of Russian gas supplies to Europe dropped from 40% to 10%. But there are many bottlenecks, liquefaction, LNG carriers, regazification plants. For this winter, the gas storage are almost full, but we may question the situation for the next winters. In fact, the liquefaction capacity is stretched all around the world. New liquefaction plants are under construction in Qatar, the U.S. or Australia, but they will not come to the market before 2025-2026. In a nutshell, the geopolitics is an escapable challenge of the energy sector for the next years to come. It is clearly urgent to integrate this dimension on the energy policies to be put in place all around the world. Thank you. Thank you very much, Olivier. I just want to mention that Olivier is the chairman of France Brevet, scientific advisor of the Center for Energy and Climate of Yves-Rey and former president of the French Energy Council. Maybe some questions in the room for Olivier at this stage if you are one. Yes, please. Hello, Nicolas Pure from Tilt Capital, an energy transition investor. Do you see potentially an issue with also the piling up of, I would say, the perfect storm with the financing? Because today, I think in the U.S., 60% of cov-like loans and high-yield bonds are structured against the unconventional oil and gas market, and it's a market that has been structurally deficit in terms of cash flows. Do you see that as a potential additional risk in the oil and gas market for future supplies? Clearly, there is an evolution of the financial industry towards the investment of oil and gas. There is an increasing reluctance of the financial institution and the banks and the lenders to lend to the for exploration and production of the oil and gas. There is a specific dimension in the U.S. with non-conventional hydrocarbons because in the past, I would say five or ten years ago, they just invest. Now they are not investing as it was in the past. They are taking into account the profitability of these investments and there has been in the past a huge failure of many, many companies and now in the U.S. they are very cautious. That's why in the evaluation of the energy information agency of the U.S., they don't anticipate an important increase of non-conventional oil supply. There will be perhaps a peak, it will increase some way, but there will be a plateau. It's not the case specifically for natural gas because for natural gas it's easier and also there is the outcome of LNG of the world market. The world is requiring more and more natural gas. But there is no investment. I would say the international energy industry and oil companies now they are investing mostly, I would say for total 50% of the investment are in oil and gas and 50% in the transition economy. Thank you, Olivier. Another question from the person? Yes, please, Mr Schalmer. You spoke about liquefaction bottleneck. Isn't it a regazification bottleneck in Europe? Clearly it's a regazification bottleneck. You remember on the slide I presented with Putin and Trump at that time. Putin was asking to Germany to invest in regazification. They were strongly opposed to any such investments. They decided recently to buy a new regazification, but it's not sufficient. That's why there is this agreement between France and Germany. France is delivering natural gas from the LNG regazification plant in France. And by this, Germany is bringing the electricity from coal, unfortunately. But there are also bottlenecks in liquefaction because there are some new plants coming on stream in the U.S. In Qatar, there will be a strong increase of production, but it will not come before 2025. That's why in Europe we will be able to pass the winter. But I'm not sure, thanks to all the natural gas liquid which is available on the market, it's no more the case. All the supply which could have been kept, keep have been kept. I'm afraid that the next two winters will be very difficult for Europe. We will come back to the discussion. Thank you.


one. I was actually inspired to do this talk yesterday when I went to Singapore CSS. And I listened to a talk by Mr Sheldon here where he talked about a specific, talked about a problem he was having at work. So what inspired me particularly was that often in these talks we like to discuss a lot of ideal scenarios or new stuff. And sometimes we forget that there's real life with real problems, which are sometimes not as exciting as the things you want to talk about. But I was inspired to talk about a particular problem that I had and the solution that we came to. So I'm not saying that, so there's a problem, right? So I'm not saying that this is how you should do things if you have a choice. But this is what we were doing in the context of the problem. Okay, so what's the problem? The problem is we were developing a react application and it was built, it was started using create react app, right? So that's all fine. The problem is that it had to be served as part of another website. So this is still setting the scene here. It was decided that there would be an iframe placed in that website and we would serve the react application within that iframe. So this was like kind of okay. Until a particular point where it became not okay. And this point was when we had a modal in the react application and I'll demonstrate later why things became not okay. Actually, let me demonstrate it now. So I haven't prepared that well for this, but this is the page with the iframe. So the iframe is here and within this iframe we're serving a react application which has a modal. So when you open the modal, there's a problem. Everything is trapped within the iframe. All right, so this is obviously not how a modal is supposed to work. It's actually supposed to cover the entire screen. So what we did basically for this was we made use of a react feature called portals. It's actually part of reactdom. So what is a portal? What react is is basically a tree, right? For some of us it's like the tree of life, but it's basically a tree. And what this tree is is your components, right? So you usually start off with like app and then there's like, I don't know, header, whatever, the rest of it. But the thing is react is actually not a tree. So I sound like I've just contradicted myself, but react is actually two trees. So the first tree is the one I just described, which is the tree of UI elements. But there's actually a more like, I don't know, phantom like tree, which is the tree of data. So as you, as everyone knows in react data is, data flow is unidirectional. So top down and unidirectional. So when we have a, when you have a react application, in addition to just the UI components forming a tree, the relationship of the data between these components also forms like another tree on top of it. And for the most part, this is fine because when you have a component that's a child of another component, then you typically want that component to be able to get access to the data that is either created by its parent or passed on. But sometimes this is not what we want. Sometimes we want to separate these trees. And what Apostles let us do is, is keep the data tree, but move the UI tree. So this is basically what, how we solve this issue.  And I didn't have time to figure out how to do this properly, but I have to build it because otherwise I get some like cross origin problem in the iframe. So this is what we did. And now when we open the model, let's see. Yes. Okay. So what we were able to do was to render the content of the model outside the iframe. So what that looks like is here. Okay. This is like just, it's almost like pseudocode. But basically what we're doing is inside the model component, we target outside the, we target outside the iframe and we mount it there. So if you look, this, this model in the like data tree is a sibling of the button. But if you look at the UI tree, it's actually a sibling of the iframe. But the, but the data flow is still like, as it appears in the code, right?  There's a problem though, right? Obviously. It doesn't look like a model. It's missing all the styles. And that's because the styles are like still trapped in the iframe. So, so how did we solve this? I'd like to say that like we came out with like this really great solution. But actually we just happened to find the solution already there. So we were using style components in the react application. And this is how I found out about this feature. There's actually a feature of style components, which lets you solve this. So let's see if it works this time. Yeah. Okay. So, so it works now, right? And what is the feature of style components? It's actually this thing called style sheet manager, which lets you pass a target where you want the generated styles to be attached. So all the styles inside here, where all the styles inside style sheet manager will be attached here instead of inside the iframe. So, if you look, they are like here. So that's how we managed to like take out the UI and also the styles. Yeah, that's it. Thanks. So the question. Yeah. So if we remove the iframe now, so how the behavior will be because you're attaching to the window problem? Yeah. So it's dependent on the outside structure. So if you pass a reference to a node that doesn't exist to the target, then you'll have some problems. So the way we did it was we had like we did it via configuration where we had like a finite set of environments. So we had like the one with the iframe and then for local development, we had it without. So in one configuration, you pass like a default reference there. And then for a different one, you choose the correct element. Yeah. Any other questions? So yes, but partly by chance because when style components generates the class names, it's it's it's like a hash. So I don't know what the so technically it's possible that you can break stuff. If you happen to have a if you happen to have a class on a component in the outside app, which has the same name as the generated one, but we didn't face that. So yeah. But yeah, technically it's it is sharing the same scope once it's out. Okay.


Climb and the sky grows. Hitch down doesn't work, right? I will introduce myself. I'm a system software engineer and I like diving into the technologies related to computer infrastructure such as operating system kernel and debugging and etc. Since I'm not a native English speaker so please excuse me for my poor oral speaking. I will go through these tips quickly and if I have another time I will show some code. Firstly, it's about the andiness. The andiness, the CPU generally has two kinds of andiness. First is the big andiness. For example, the spark CPU. I'm not sure whether how many people heard about the spark. For the big andiness, the most significant bit, 0A will be stored in the lower address of the memory. For example, A, A plus 1, plus 2, the 0A will be stored here. For the little andiness, I think the x86 is our most familiar CPU and it's the little andiness. It means the least significant bit, let's say 0D, will be stored in the lower address of the memory. Then 0C, 0B, and 0A. The other tips is about the byte alignment. Some CPUs, especially the RISC structure, RISC architecture, like Spark, it requires the straight byte alignment. That means, for example, if for the short integer who says it's only two bytes, the begin memory address will be the multiple of two. If it's integer who says it's four, under the star address must be the multiple of four. If the date is not byte alignment, the program will crash. On Spark, it will contain bus error. But for x86, maybe not byte alignment will affect its performance, but the program won't crash. It will still run and get the correct result. The third one is about stack growth. Most CPU stack growth is from higher address to lower. I only remember that Spark can adjust this option. For example, to change the stack growth, but I'm not sure whether anyone can turn on this option. It means one function calls another. It will save, for example, the most familiar x86. It will save the return address. Then the old stack frame. Old stack frame means the stack frame, which is the upper function. Then it's local variable. So the whole call stack is like this. So I think because my time is due. So I won't have enough time to show some code. Yes. Last question. Last question. Okay. Yeah, first question. Okay, okay. I think we will show the most complicated, stack growth code. We can see it's just a simple function call from the main to function two and call function one. Then we will use the GDB to show the whole call stack. So it's function two. Let me step into it. It's function one. Let me show the assembly code. Okay, so we can see now we will call the function one. Then we step into the function one. It's just a simple, just the same value to double type. Now let's check the call stack. Let's check the memory address. So it means now we will force the factor A address. Because the double occupies 8 bytes, so the first 8 byte is just A. Then according to this picture, old RBP, this one will be the stack frame of previous, that means the function two's stack frame. Then the third data, we can see 57. It's here. It's the return address from function one. So then this one, this is the function two's old static frame. It means the main function's stack frame. So maybe it's not clear here, so I think we can discuss about it. Any other question? Yeah. So I haven't heard about the difference between the beginning and the end since my architecture class and my second year of university. It's been a long time. I haven't had to use any of the knowledge. Why do I care about it? Yes, because the first thing is, for example, when you send the data from X86 to the network, the network data is actually used to big and for example, if you send the data from X86 and the other machine is bug, you must set up this protocol first. So it's all in the big and. I don't say any data. I don't have to go into that stuff. You know, I write like DHB. The library in PHP has encapsulated this for you. Yes. Okay. If you use a very sharp or TCP down to capture data to debug, you should know this thing. Is it useful when profiling or filing issues in your code? Profiling. Network profiling or? I think the big and end or late and end doesn't affect the performance very well. I think data alignment actually impacts your program's performance. Sorry. What's the reason we have these two different things? I haven't researched much, but I think in the beginning, different computer manufacturers will have different standards. But they will finally get one standard, a network-backed audio to convey each other, communicate each other. Just a context, right? What is the most different between by the line code and by the line code? From my experience, such as bug, I remember the ARM CPU, which you yourself use, it requires for the risk, it requires the straight-back alignment. If it's not by the alignment, the program will crash. I think for x86, if it's by the alignment, it will fetch data one time. But if it's not, it will fetch twice. Or fetch twice, then do some tricky things to guide the final data. Yeah. Okay. So, in terms of performance, is it not just one fold? It's not just two times the speed rate? No. I think it's at least two times, but I don't have a measured data from my experience. Okay. Thank you.


Let's go eight. I have done something this month that we've been trying to do on this channel for over three years and finally October 2021. We finally did it. I hit $100 of dividend income this month. And not only that, I made the most money in profit from my stock portfolio ever in my entire lifetime this month. And in fact, everybody, everybody eats bee.  Everyone in our Patreon one, if they took the stocks that I told them to buy, they ate this month too. That mean they are also up in their portfolio as well, because the stocks that have been posting inside of my Patreon, which goes to my Discord, those guys over there in my Discord been buying the stocks that we have been talking about over there. And not only that, but we've been doing some other crypto trading and we've been up this month. This month has been incredible guys. So stick throughout this entire video. I'm going to show you how much I made in dividends from what companies and I'm going to show you what stocks have paid me out the most and how smart investing will eventually beat out riskier investments that all these YouTubers are trying to do. They're trying to give you a brand new upcoming stocks, penny stocks for you could 3S for your extra money overnight. Yes, you can, but you'll lose more than you win. But we invested to these smart stocks by just looking and analyzing the stock market guys. We can make a ton of money that way from making smart plays. I'm going to show you what smart plays we made in the month of October, we got coming up in November. And don't forget to pick up your two free stocks from Weeble. You could click that link down in the description signed up. If you deposit just $1, you could receive two free shares, value it up to $2,300. And if you want a crypto trade, you'll receive $5 worth of ship. Yes, that's right ship. Just from trading crypto inside of that platform. So get your two free stocks by depositing $1. And also you could get five free dollars worth of ship, which you know can four X overnight. Also, I've left a link down to Moomoo down in the description.  And you could receive a free stock for Moomoo as well. It's free money guys. Do not miss out on this amazing opportunity. But enough talking guys. Let's go ahead and dive straight into this video. Welcome back dreamers. Here we are inside of my Robin Hood account. My account is at $88,453 and 18 cents. Those of you that have been at me from the beginning, when this account started at around like $15,000, maybe $20,000. If even that, we had a goal out to set to reach $100 of dividend every single month. And right now we just finally hit $100 a month from 16 different companies. That's right. I got paid out 16 different times in the form of dividends from 16 different companies. That is the most passive way of income from investing into good quality companies. They're paying me out just from investing into them. I'm literally getting paid out while I'm sleeping guys. This is the most passive form of income there is. But before we dive into that on the month, I am up 17.93% up $13,449 and 22 cents guys. Wow. That is amazing. Like that amount of growth would be perfect over a two year span. But I made that in just a month. I might need to start taking profits on a couple of these stocks, but these good quality stocks I'm investing into, I'm going to hold on for the long run. So when they do dip, I'm just going to buy some more stocks when they do dip. So before we go over what stocks brought me all the way up to almost an 18% gain in a single month. Let's go over my dividends right quick. Here we go on my dividends. We're going to run through all 16 of them really quick. So NTS, a gaming company, pay me out $1.25. PEP, dividend ETF, pay me out $2.15. SPHD, pay me out $3.83. That's a dividend ETF. PY, another dividend ETF, pay me out $7.10. Coca-Cola, pay me out $2.52. VRO is ETF, tracks the top companies in the States, pay me out $1.32. AGNC, real estate REIT, pay me out $13.44. IIPR, pay me out $2.43. I got to show you IIPR over the last year. They're up 120%. In fact, I'm up 176% on IIPR. Ooh, I wish I would have bought more of that a long time ago. Here we are on ticker symbol, real estate REIT, pay me out $2.37. PSEC, 66 cents. GPS, which is GAAP, pay me out $1.25. NRZ, real estate REIT, pay me out $50. That was really pushed me over the edge. That is a real estate REIT as well. Quarterly paying dividend stock. It doesn't pay that out every single month. It pays me out every quarter. WD40, pay me out $0.72. SPY, pay me out $0.45. And SPHD, pay me out $3.89. That's a monthly paying dividend stock. PEY, pay me out $7.27. And then for next month, what's looking like it's coming up is AT&T, AGNC, Clorox, P, Procter & Gamble, and then a couple of more is going to pay me out November. But over the last month, over the last 30 days in October, 16 different companies paid me out. And from the grand total, it was $100 and 56 cents. $100 and 56 cents, $100. I was sleeping, right? And then somebody just boom came and gave me $100 just from investing into their companies. This is going to write back inside my portfolio. I like doing the compound growth from me reinvesting my dividends back into these companies. The next quarter, I should probably get $105 from me reinvesting this $100 back into these dividend paying stocks. So these are the 16 companies that got me to the $100 payment, which is amazing guys. We've been waiting three years for this. But to go over the 18% gain, one of the players that we did inside of the Discord was the charge point. We had set this one up on, let's see, we had set this one up on October 13th. So almost two weeks ago, maybe we are up 63% $726 that we made from that. Just remember, it's only like $12 to get inside the Patreon, guys. That link is going to be down in the comment section. If you guys want to sign up for the Patreon, I post every time I buy and sell different stocks over there. So right now we're up 63% on charge point, such an amazing company. Amazon, Amazon. I have one share and over the last month, this one had done really, really well. It brought us up 7%. I'm up 80% on Amazon. These are the top companies. They're mostly tech companies. Google was doing pretty good over the last month as well. They're up 10%, 172% I have in gains on Google. But the company that really brought us up was AMD. We bought AMD a long, long time ago, a very, very long time ago. In fact, our average cost is $59 on AMD. We haven't bought AMD over a while now. Over the last month, AMD is up 17.8%, which is insane, guys. 17.8% in a single month. And then, of course, we have been buying Tesla inside of our Discord. Not everybody is able to buy a full share of Tesla inside the Discord, but you are able to factually buy shares on Ryberhood. So over the last month, Tesla is up 44%. I'm up 100% on Tesla. My average cost is $554.18 with a market value of almost $30,000. So we've been buying Tesla in our Discord, maybe around five different times in the month of October. And if you did, you'll be up 44% on your investment on Tesla. And another one that I've been buying inside my other portfolio is Netflix. Over the last month, Netflix is up 13%. And we've been buying Apple inside of our Discord as well, up 4.36%. A lot of my portfolio has been doing well. Another one that we bought inside, another two that we bought inside the Discord, and then I'm going to wrap it up with Sharon Williams. I told you guys, why? Where is that one there? Let's see. This one over the last month is up 11.76%. We're up 11% inside our Discord channel. I explain why to all the members, why I thought Sharon Williams was going to go up. If you forgot why I said it was going to go up, check out this video right here. It'll fill you in on all the details. And then another one was Microsoft. Let's go to Microsoft right quick. And here we go on Microsoft. I told everyone inside of the, I told everyone, not just the Patreon members, but I told the entire YouTube why I thought Microsoft was going to go up. Remember, they had a $60 billion buyback of their shares. That means whatever shares are out there is probably going to increase in value. It's not going to increase the company market cap that much, but it's going to increase the company. It's going to increase the shares that are in circulation value because there's going to be less shares out there. So over the last month of Microsoft, they're up 16.12%. We're up 24% on Microsoft inside of the Patreon. So if you guys want to join that, that link is going to be down in the comments section. It's like $12 to join the lucid dreamers role. If you want to get access to every time I buy in sales stocks inside of my portfolio. So we've been doing pretty dog on good this month. Hopefully if we have another 17, 18% month, I'm going to lose my mind. But we've got to find ways to start taking profits of this. Yes, I am up pretty high. The market's probably going to pull back probably soon towards the end of the year. So we do need to take some profit from a couple of these companies in order for us to wait on the pullback just to have some money, some buying power on hand. So when these companies do pull back, we could pick up even more shares in the future. And there we go. Dreamers, let me know how many companies paid you out in the month of October in the form of dividends. Also, what was your biggest garner this month in month? October are pretty sure it's a technology company. But if you found something else, please let me know down in the comment section. Also, what companies did you see that I should start taking profit from? Wait for it to pull back and then get back in around January of 2022. Let me know all of that down in the description. Don't forget to pick up your two free stocks over on Weeble. Your one free stock on Moomoo is free money, guys. Just take advantage of this free money because that little bit of money to where you can start investing small and are flipping that to where you eventually get to a good foundation to where you can start making more risky investments to where you can really see a large amount of growth. But if you stay to the end of this video, go ahead and head down. Hit that subscribe button, hit that thumbs up button and hit that notification bill that helps out this channel more than you can even imagine. But other than that, guys, I'm Zeke. Bring you to Dream Green Show and I'm out. Peace.


Okay, okay, so yeah, so we're reading the last few verses, the last section of first continents, right? Okay, so Paul says that chapter 16 verse 5, that now I will come to you when I pass through Macedonia, I'm passing through Macedonia and it may be that I will remain or even spend the winter, that you may send me on my journey wherever I go, but I do not, for I do not wish to see you now, but I hope to stay for a while with you if the Lord permits. So, you know, which means that his plan is not yet clear and he's not sure what the will of the Lord is about this matter, so he's just saying, you know, if the Lord permits, yes, I will indeed stay back and then spend time with you and so on. So he's, you know, is depending on and God's, which means that his travel plans, his ministry plans, everything, you know, he's submitted to the will of God, submitted to God's guidance, right? Again, something for us to learn in this. Then, then he talking about Ephesus, that he's going to be staying for a longer time in Ephesus. He says he will wait in Ephesus until Pentecost and the reason is also this for a great and effective door is open. So there's a great opportunity for ministry in Ephesus is what he says and and at the same time, you know, there are many adversaries, right? There are there are many adversaries simply means an enemy, somebody who resists. So it is an effective door, a great opportunity, a good opportunity, but there are at the same time many adversaries. So again, learning for us is that, you know, just because there are ministry opportunities or, you know, very good ministry opportunities to serve the Lord, that does not mean that there will be no opposition or assistance. They will not, there will be no enemies. It is possible that there will be, you know, there are adversaries, there will be adversaries. But you know, you see Paul's whole outlook towards this. He says, yeah, there are many adversaries. But the thing is that he's continuing on, like he's continuing on to minister in Ephesus despite the fact that there are adversaries. Okay, so he's saying, so the thing that we understand and learn is that, yes, when there's an open door, when we recognize that there is a effective door for ministry or an opportunity for ministry, that we then we respond by stepping into that or taking up that opportunity. Again, in the will of God, right, because he's always dependent on that for the will of God. But just the fact that there are resistance, there is resistance or opposition should not make us doubt and turn back, right? When we know that's the will of God, I mean, when we know that, okay, this is an open door to minister, and in the will of God, we are here, then just because there is a resistance or things are difficult, right, and there is a resistance to the work, we should not turn back because Paul just stepped into it knowing that there will be resistance, knowing that there are, you know, adversaries, difficult circumstances, difficult people, maybe people who are, you know, totally against the work, but even then he stepped in. Okay, so we, that should be our mindset, that should be the way we respond to open ministry opportunities, okay? Then in verse 10, we see Paul saying, and if Timothy comes, see that he may be with you without fear, for he does the work of the Lord as I also do. Therefore, let no one despise him, but send him on his journey in peace, that he may come to me, for I am waiting for him with the brethren. Now concerning our brother Apollos, I strongly urged him to come to you with the brethren, but he was quite unwilling to come at this time, however, he will come when he has a convenient time, okay? So here it writes about Timothy, and he's saying that, you know, when Timothy comes, see that he is with you without fear, okay? And for he does the work of the Lord, he does the work of ministry, even as I do. So, I mean, that's something that he's recognizing and acknowledging, and he's saying Timothy is just like me in the ministry, okay? He does the work of the Lord, as I also do. He's just like me in ministering, serving. And when he comes there, let him be without fear, because Timothy we know is a much younger person, younger than Paul, obviously, and also younger than most people in the church, right? Most people in the church at Gordon, so saying when he's there, you know, let him be without fear, okay?  So he's kind of encouraging the others and also at testing, affirming that, affirming Timothy as a minister of God, and not just as a minister of God, but one who does the work of ministry, similar to the work that he does, or just as he does. And he says, for I am waiting for him with the brethren, okay? So then he writes about Apollos, and we see that Apollos also, you know, ministering with Paul and in the places where Paul ministered.  So we see that Paul is, again, at testing the ministry of, affirming the ministry of Apollos, right? So, see, there were some people who Paul warned about, okay, about false brethren, about, and in second currency, we're going to see, you know, more of that. Paul writes about what kind of ministers there are, right, who are traveling and who are, you know, doing all kinds of things, and it is only for their selfish gains to watch out for them, okay? He warns the church about such kind of ministers, but here he is encouraging the church about Apollos and his ministry, and Timothy and his ministry is saying, you know, he's encouraging such kind of ministers, and also the ministry that they do, acknowledging that, affirming that, and asking the church to receive such kind of ministers and their ministry, okay? Okay, let's read from verse 13, watch, stand fast in the faith, be brave, be strong. Let all that you do be done with love. I urge you brethren, you know the household of Stephanus, that it is the first fruits of Akhaya, and that you have devoted, they have devoted themselves to the ministry of the saints, that you also submit to such and to everyone who works and labours with us. I am glad about the coming of Stephanus, Fortunatus and Akhaya because for what was lacking on your part, they supplied, for they refreshed my spirit and yours, therefore acknowledge such men. So here, after talking about Timothy and Apollos, he goes on to encourage them and again talk about a couple of other ministers, right? So he encourages them by saying, you know, watch, stand fast in the faith, be brave, be strong. Let all that you do be done with love. Okay, so he's saying, you know, watch, the Lord Jesus said, watch and pray that you don't fall into temptation. And so similarly saying, you know, you watch meaning, be vigilant, be awake, be sober minded, be alert, right? Be on your guard because there is an enemy. So it's not time, it's not the time to lower your guard and compromise and be complacent. He's saying, be alert, be vigilant and be watchful. Just like the Lord said, watch and praising, watch. Okay, and then he uses another word, stand fast, which means that, you know, it means that in the army or in the military, that to be, to be, of course, vigilant, but to be orderly, to be disciplined. Right. So first of all, to be awake, to be alert, to be vigilant. And secondly, to, not to be disorderly, to be orderly, to be disciplined, to be determined to be in order, right? In the army and especially when they march, it is always in, you know, rank and file, right? Everyone knows their place. They are not disorderly when it comes to whoever's leading them, right? When there is a captain or a centurion or whoever is there leading, there is always order and submission and obedience, right? So saying, stand fast in the faith in the sense, be disciplined, be orderly, do not be disorderly, right? Thirdly, he says, be brave.  So he's saying, you know, be brave and be like a man, right? That's, that is what he says. Andri Zomai, the Greek word, which means, you know, be brave, be like men or be brave. So don't, don't be cowardly, but be manly or be brave, right? So be brave. And then he says, be strong, okay? Be fit, increase in strength, learn how to conquer and, and if need be even, you know, die conquering, so be strong. Again, a term that is used for the army or in the army, be strong, right? So he says, watch, stand fast in the faith, be brave, be strong, and let all that you do, whatever you do, you do it as motivated by love, that all that you do, be done with love. Again, it's a repetition of what he writes in 1 Corinthians 13, chapter 13, where he writes about the motive for serving, the motive for the use of the gifts, right? The motive for all that, it has to be love. There has to be, it has to be expressed in love. You have to serve with love, okay? So then let all that you do be done with love. You know, you're doing, doing in the name of the Lord, you're doing for the, you know, for the benefit of the church, for the edification of the church. Let all that you do, okay, let it be done with love. Let it be done with the God kind of love, right? So let all that you do, let it be done with love.  Let it be unconditional and so on. Okay, then, then he talks about a few names this, Stephanus, Fortunators, and Akaiakas, and especially about Stephanus, he says they are the, they are the first fruits of Akaiak, you know, they are the, the people who actually became believers in Corinth. And, you know, we see in 1 Corinthians 1 and verse 16 also, where he talks about, you know, how he baptized the household of Stephanus, right? So in Corinth, when he came and he ministered, this family, this individual and this family, Stephanus, and the household, they seem to be the ones who actually became believers in that region, like in Corinth. So Stephanus and his household, and he mentions them as the first fruits of Akaiak, and that they have devoted themselves to the ministry of the saints, like they have, they've given themselves to serve, they are serving the people, serving the ministers of God, and everyone who, you know, probably they were, you know, like being hospitable to them, caring for them, caring for their needs, allowing them to probably stay with them, like so they are, and also, you know, taking care of the, of the church, like they are taking care of the ministry of the saints, so devoted to the ministry of the saints. So he says, therefore, you also submit to such, you submit to such kind of people who are leaders, submit to such, and everyone who works and labors with us, okay, the ones who work with us, the ones who minister to you, the ones who are part of our team, and they are, you know, working and ministering among you, so such people, you know, you submit to them, okay, and then he says, I'm glad about the coming of Stephanus, Fortunators and Akaiakers for what was lacking on your part, they, they supplied, so they seem to have taken care of some needs of all, and he says, you know, they're, whatever was lacking there supplied, for they refreshed my spirit, and yours, therefore, acknowledge such men, so he's saying, be submitted to such kind of people, leaders, and acknowledge such men, okay, recognize them, and acknowledge them, right, the churches of Asia greet you, Akila and Priscilla greet you heartily in the Lord, with the church that is in their house, all the brethren greet you, greet one another with the Holy, so he's saying Akila and Priscilla greet you, he's giving them, you know, sharing them greetings, and you know, we, we, we see that he meets with Akila and Priscilla in, in the book of Acts, when on his journey, he writes about them, and, and how they are also of the similar trade, right, so he mentions that also, and how he stayed with them, and he works with them, and ministers, and Akila and Priscilla are also those who actually help Apollos, right, they teach Apollos, the word of the Lord, accurately, and, and so on, right, so we read about that in Acts chapter 18, right, Acts chapter 18, he meets Akila and Priscilla in Corinth, and in, sorry, in Pontus, and, and then he meets, he meets with them, he spends time with them, also we read about Akila and Priscilla helping, ministering to Apollos, we read that towards the end of that same chapter, Acts chapter 18, okay, and, okay, then he also says that all the brethren greet you, greet one another with the Holy Kiss, so this is a way of greeting that the church had, so which was again, you know, we read about something that was cultural, like head covering, this is also something that is cultural, so cultural way of greeting one another, so, so he mentions that, and, and then he ends by saying, if anyone does not love the Lord Jesus, you know, let him be accursed, oh Lord come, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all, my love be with you all in Christ Jesus, amen, okay, so, so ends the, you know, so he ends the epistle with these greetings, and also the greetings from the other believers, like Priscilla and Akila, so we see Priscilla and Akila actually, you know, doing ministry, and they are giving leadership to the church, and the church is meeting in their house, okay, so, so we see, you know, again, when it comes to the church, you know, where they meet, church is a people of God, so it's, it's, it's scriptural, you know, wherever the church, whether the people of God meet, they are the church, so here they are meeting in their house, so the church is meeting in the house, yeah, so we see all this here in chapter verse, sorry, chapter 16, okay, so any, any questions or doubts before we move on, and we move on to second Corinthians, any, any questions, any doubts, it can be in any of the other chapters also, what we looked at earlier, first Corinthians, okay, any questions at all, okay, so he covers quite a bit of, you know, instructions, and, and we see Paul actually, you know, saying that, now concerning this, now concerning this, and so he writes about, you know, food offered, idols concerning marriage, concerning, concerning, you know, gifts, gifts of the spirit, so about head covering, about headships, and so on, so about the resurrection, so many things he, he teaches, he lays down, and yeah, so he does that, okay, so let's, let's move on, if there are no questions, you're free to ask, of course, even during our, you know, our study into second Corinthians, if there is anything that comes up, you know, you can always ask, okay, okay, so let's look at second Corinthians, I think I've not uploaded the second Corinthians notes, but I'll do that, I'll do that at the end of this class, so you can, you know, follow that second Corinthians as well, right, okay, let me just check, have I uploaded it? I think you have to upload it, yes, okay, course notes, I will put it up, right, so you can follow it, okay, so let's look at, you know, second Corinthians, so second Corinthians, so Paul, you know, finishes this letter, and first Corinthians was probably written around AD 52, 53, we don't know, approximately around that time, right, and so people who came from Corinth or, or, you know, we read about the household of Phoebe, right, so they, sorry, Chloe, sorry, Chloe's household, in chapter one, one Corinthians one, verse 11, he talks about, you know, Chloe's household, that he hears about these things happening from this, you know, Chloe's household, so it could be either some of them who visited him, who took back the epistle to Corinth to be read in the church, to be shared with the church, or it could be Titus who did that, because we read that, you know, second Corinthians chapter two, let me just read that verse, second Corinthians two, and then verse 12, you know, he goes to Troyus to preach Christ, and says that Adore was open to me by the Lord, I had no rest in my spirit, because I did not find Titus, my brother, but taking my leave of them, I departed for Macedonia, now thanks be to, you know, he goes on to write about that, so it could have been, you know, he was waiting for Titus to meet with him, and so he does not find him there in Troyus, so it maybe it was Titus was sent to, you know, sent back to Corinth, who carried the letter, okay, so he says that he planned to stay in Ephesus until Pentecost, in chapter, you know, chapter 16 we read that, and then visit them at a convenient time, visit them, meaning visit Corinth, so we know that from Ephesus Paul went on to Macedonia, okay, so the Macedonia area would include cities like Neapolis, Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea, okay, see, if you look at Acts chapter 20 and verse 1, okay, so Acts chapter 19 is about what happened in Ephesus, and from there we see that he goes to Macedonia, okay, and then from there he travels there, and we look at some of those cities that are mentioned there in the Macedonian region, it's Berea, Philippi, and Thessalonica, and so on, okay, so this region he traveled, and while in this region is when he writes Second Corinthians, the second, what we know as the second epistle to the Corinthians, Second Corinthians, he writes from there, and he was, Paul went, goes through a very difficult time in Ephesus, sorry, in Macedonia, right, so lot of suffering, lot of difficulties, and he is, he is comforted by Titus' arrival, and when Titus comes and meets him, he's comforted, and he, you know, he writes about that also, and we see that from here that, well, Titus comes, meets with him, and we see in Second Corinthians 7, chapter 7 and verses 5 to 7, you know, we came to Macedonia, our bodies had no rest, we were troubled on every side, verse 5, right, outside were conflicts, inside were fears, nevertheless God who comforts the downcast comforted us by the coming of Titus, and not only by the, by his coming, but also by the consolation, which, which he was comforted in you, when he told us of your earnest desire, your mourning, your zeal for me, so that I rejoice even more, so Titus, you know, from Corinth, Titus is meeting Paul at, in, in Macedonia, and he is also bringing news of what is happening in the church at Corinth, right, so he's sharing about that, and he says he was greatly comforted by Titus' arrival there, and, and so Titus, accompanied by other brothers, like in chapter 8, we read about that, we'll come to that one by one, but so Titus carries the second letter, second episode, Paul writes to the Corinthians, and he goes from there, and also, you know, he is also supposed to, you know, make arrangements for collection, which he had actually reminded them, which is, you know, which we see in 1 Corinthians, so where he says, you know, at the first day of the week, you keep aside when you get, when you gather, so keep aside a certain sum of money, so, so Titus goes to complete that work, and collect, and to, and to, you know, take that collection to Jerusalem. Okay, so here it, with regard to the timeline, so we know that he wrote from Macedonia, but with regard to time, we probably around AD 56, okay, probably about three, two to three years, maybe after he wrote the first episode, okay, so again, it's an approximate time, and need not be very accurate, okay, so let's start with chapter one, and yeah, verse one, Paul, an Apostle of Jesus Christ, by the will of God, and Timothy, our brother, to the church of God, which is at Corinth, with all the saints who are in all Akhaya. Grace to you, and peace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies, and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all atribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. For as the sufferings of Christ abound in us, so also our consolation also abounds through Christ. Now, if we are afflicted, it is for your consolation and salvation, which is effective for enduring the same sufferings which we also suffer, or if we are comforted, it is for your consolation and salvation. And our hope for you is steadfast, because we know that as you are partakers of the sufferings, so also you will partake of the consolation. Okay, so Paul saying, you know, I'm called to be invited or appointed to be an Apostle, okay, Apostolos, one who sent a Delegate and Ambassador, like a commissioned one. So, he's saying that this is the will of God, right, by the will of God. Again, the same way he started the, you know, the first episode also, he's reiterating his greeting and he's reiterating the call and the fact that it is by the will of God. Okay, 1 Corinthians also says an Apostle of Jesus Christ through the will of God and Sosthenes our brother here says an Apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God and Timothy our brother and addressing the church. Timothy was of course part of Paul's ministry team and he was also there when Paul first went to Corinth and spent that time there. He was also along with Paul in the planting of the church and definitely, you know, he is familiar with the believers or would know the believers in Corinth so he's also referring to Timothy, Timothy our brother and to the church at Corinth and he says to all the saints who are in Akhaya, so the church, the city, the believers who are part of the church at Corinth and believers who are in Corinth and so the Ecclesia uses the word Ecclesia for the church, meaning the ones who are assembly of those ones, the gathering of the people who are called out for a particular purpose, called out for a particular purpose. So these are the saints or the sanctified ones, the believers who are called out Ecclesia for a particular purpose. Okay, so gathering of the saints. Now the gathering of the saints in the city of Corinth, so we know that Corinth is again known for its immorality, okay, known for its loose immoral lifestyle and there are these sanctified ones, the separated ones, the called out ones who are gathering and who are right there in such a city, in such a culture and obviously the objective is to be an influence for good, to be an influence for transformation and as we know, the purpose of the church is to be the body of Christ and fulfill the plans and purposes of Christ and the church would minister and Jesus would minister in that particular place. So that is the purpose of the church. So we see that all these believers in that place, in that city which is highly immoral at that time and to obviously to bring about change and so he says to this letter, this epistle is to the church of God at Corinth, the believers and to all the surrounding regions. So this would apply to them as well. So to be read out in all those other gatherings also for all those believers and as was customary, Paul is talking about the grace of God, says the grace and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, the grace meaning carous referring to again, these are things that we know and just reminding as a reminder, sharing this that grace of God referring to God's favor, God's enablement is empowering God's character and the gifts. So grace to you when he says grace to you is referring to all that, referring to the favor of God, referring to the empowering of God and also referring to the character of God and the gifts that come from him or everything. So it's divine favor, divine empowerment, divine virtues or divine character and also divine gifts like the gifts of grace. So we're saying the grace to you, so saying this is to you, it comes from God and peace from God, the Irene meaning harmony and safety and prosperity. So in other words, he's saying, total well-being and this grace, let it be with you. And as believers, we can walk in this and he's saying, he's blessing them with the grace and peace, grace and peace to you. So says, blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort. So he's saying, Father of mercies and God of all comfort, mercy and grace comes from him, comfort comes from him. And he says, he's the originator, God is the originator of compassion or originator of comfort, God or the father of mercies, the father meaning he's the source, he's the one from which mercy and compassion flows. So he's saying, he's blessing, he's praising God, he's praising the Lord Jesus and he's saying, God the Father is a source, the originator of all mercy and compassion and also comfort.  So he's the one who's merciful, he's the one who draws us near to comfort and console. So first of all, who comforts us in all our tribulation. So Paul is actually stating this with as a personal testimony, one who has experienced the comfort of God. So one who has gone through tribulations and at the same time, he has also experienced the comfort that comes through the tribulations in the tribulation, the comfort that comes from God. So he's saying, God is a source of the mercy, he's the one who draws me close to him to comfort me, to strengthen me, to encourage me. So now, you know, I'll praise to him who comforts us in our tribulation. And the second part of that verse 4 is that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble with the same comfort that we have received from God. Okay, so that's the thing. God comforts us in all our tribulation. And the purpose of that comfort is not just for us, that we may in turn pass on what we have received through him. Okay, what we have received firsthand, personally through him, that we might be able to comfort those who are having the same kind of trouble, any kind of trouble with the same comfort with which we ourselves are comforted.  And with that weight of you pressing down, it's some similar kind of thing.  But God comforts us like in that situation, so that we can comfort others who are also weighed down, burdened and pressed down. Okay. And so he gives the ability to do that. Okay, so one thing that we need to understand is that, you know, every tribulation, every kind of trouble that we go through is, again, an opportunity for us to experience this comfort.  You know, just like how we read in, you know, Hebrews, we see that looking unto Jesus, Hebrews 12, the author, the author and the finisher of our faith, which means the author, meaning faith comes from him, he's a source of faith when he speaks, and when we receive it, when we hear it, there is faith that is birthed in our hearts. The same way, he here, God is the author, our God is the source of mercy and grace, compassion and grace and also comfort. So we receive that and to comfort others, but every time we go through a similar kind of tribulation or we or others go through similar kind of tribulation and trouble and oppressive pressure, then we are candidates for that kind of mercy and that kind of comfort. So we qualify or it's an opportunity for God to, you know, to release that mercy and comfort, and it's an opportunity for us to receive that mercy and comfort because Paul says, you know, for as the sufferings of Christ abound, verse 5, so our consolation also abounds through Christ. Now, sufferings of Christ abound, so it is suffering in ministry, it is the trouble that is all the tribulations that are happening because of their stand for Christ. So that we should understand. It is because they have decided to live for Christ because of the faith in Christ and because of the ministry for the sake of the kingdom of God. So the sufferings of Christ abound in us, it uses that phrase, sufferings of Christ. So for the sake of the sake of Christ, for the sake of whatever, you know, the ministry work, suffering of Christ abound in us. So also, consolation, comfort through Christ also abounds in us. So, you know, as this increases, the comfort also increases. And in the later chapter, he writes about the kind of difficulties in chapter 11. And he writes about 2nd Corinthians chapter 11. He writes about the kind of difficulties, you know, how he was whipped, how he was put in prison, and how they threw stones at him, you know, he was shipwrecked, and there was dangers in the sea and everything, all that he went through, how all that happened. It's very clearly in 2nd Corinthians 11. And Romans chapter 8 also talks, like when he says, triumph in all these things, you know, over all these things we triumph. He writes about that also. So those are some of the sufferings of Christ, you know, which abound in the life of the believer and the minister, and specifically in Paul's life. Right. So that is something for us also, you know, when we go through these tribulations, we can be certain that we can receive the comfort from God, tribulations of this nature, or even otherwise, that we can be certain that since he is the Father, since he is the source, we can receive from him. Right. Verses 6 and 7 says, you know, the sufferings that they all went through is for the sake of the gospel. Okay. The sufferings that they endured, the sufferings that he says in verse 6. Now, if you are afflicted, it is for your consolation and salvation, which is effective for enduring the same sufferings, which we also suffer. So he's saying, you know, you also who have received the comfort, you can also endure the suffering in the same manner. Right. He's saying, you know, we suffered for the sake of the believers, for the sake of the church, for the sake of ministry, and there is much fruit in the kingdom of God because of this. Right. Saying, which is, and our hope for you is steadfast. No. We know that as you are partakers of the suffering, so you will also partake of the consolation.  Right. Verse 7. So to you also, you will partake of the consolation. It is of the consolation. Right. Let's look at verse 8. Verse 8 onwards says, for we do not to be ignorant, brethren, of our trouble, which came to us in Asia, that we were burdened beyond measure, above strength, so that we despaired even of life. Yes, we had the sentence of death in ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead, who delivered us from so great a death, and thus deliver us in whom we trust that he will still deliver us. You also helping together in prayer for us, that thanks may be given by many persons on our behalf for the gift granted to us through many. Okay. So here again, if you recall, there's another place where he uses that phrase, we do not want you to be ignorant. In the first episode also, he says, we don't want you to be ignorant. It says when it comes to the spiritual gifts, I do not want you to be ignorant. And here also, he says, concerning this, we do not want you to be ignorant. So we don't want you to be without knowledge and without understanding about the kind of trouble which came to us in Asia. It says it was really a difficult time. They were burdened beyond measure, above strength, so that they despaired even of life. They thought that they would not live anymore. So this was such was the kind of difficulty. And he writes about that in several places in the second first episode, of course, he writes. And here also he writes in chapter 11 and so on. So Paul is sharing about that. And then he says, we have the sentence of death, verse 9, we had the sentence of death in ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead, who delivered us from so great a death and does deliver us. So this phrase, sentence of death, so what does it mean? When we say the court passes a sentence or the judge passed a sentence or pronounced the judgment, it means that it's the final verdict given by the judge. So he uses that phrase sentence of death, meaning that we had no hope. There was this verdict, the final verdict was pronounced and all the discussions of the case, everything is over and it's as if the final verdict was passed and we had this sentence of death. This verdict was that we should lose our lives the sentence of death and we were carrying this, we had the sentence of death in ourselves. So we could trust only in Christ, only in Jesus, we could trust only in the Lord and saying he's the one who raises the dead. So we carried the sentence of death, meaning there's no other go, it was as if that was the final thing, but we trusted in Christ. Since we were carrying, we were facing such an impossible situation that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God and but this is what God does, God raises the dead. So he's saying that we put our trust in him, that our trust should be in him, in God who does the impossible things, who makes the impossible possible. So our trust was in him, we could not put our trust in anyone else, we could not put our trust in any other human being because such was the nature of the difficulty that we went through. We carried the sentence of death wherever we went. And he says, this God who raises the dead, he delivered us from death and does deliver us, and in whom we trust that he will still deliver us. So the thing is he delivered us, he continues to deliver us and we put our trust in him that he will he will deliver us in the future also. Okay, so we'll stop here and then we'll continue in our next class from from verse 10 onwards. Okay, so thank you. Have a great week. God bless. See you. Bye-bye.


This paper examines the development of a global polygenic risk score, PRS, for body mass index, BMI. The authors used a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies, GWAS, from the giant consortium to generate a set of markers and affect estimates for use in a Bayesian approach to create a trans-ethnic PRS. This PRS was then applied to three different ethnicities, East Asian, Brazilian and European, and compared with population-specific PRS. The authors found that the trans-ethnic PRS outperformed the population-specific PRS in all three ethnicities, demonstrating its utility in predicting BMI across diverse populations. This article was authored by Huichi Chu, John J. Connolly, Peter Kraft and others.


How to make money playing video games. In this video I will show you guys 5 ways to make money playing video games. Number 1. Content creation. Unfortunately, you can't just stream a game and expect to become the next PewDiePie nowadays. You actually have something to offer, or something that is unique to you that people want to watch you for. Maybe this could be a funny personality or given advice on how to get better at a game, tutorials, even compilations of funny moments or streamers. I personally don't have a specific game for my channel, but most of my videos answer the questions about anything gaming related to be honest. This one might be a little bit more realistic, as the next few you have to be kind of really good at the game to even have a shot at. Number 2. Tournaments and competitions. Now you participate in gaming tournaments. Many games offer cast promises for winners, especially in the ex-wards. I doubt this may be hard. It could be an option if you actually really get the game you play. People however are often overestimators of their own skills and about to go pro in a game. So, unfortunately, unless you're like top 0.1%, you're probably not going to have much earnings. Number 3. Game coaching and tutoring. First, you have to show that you're a good player by showing your rank or experience with the game plan. Next, you have to identify areas of expertise in creating coaching packages tailored to different skill levels and goals. That way, you can advertise using Fiverr or Gamer Sunset. I have used Fiverr and it is a pretty good source, although I'm not sure how competitive the actual coaching industry is, but it could be a little bit competitive if you're not the top of the top coaches. What you will have to do though is provide personalized feedback and a really good 1-on-1 session and video analysis and often written reports. Finally, you can continuously improve your coaching skills by staying updated on the game meta and standing gameplay trends or seeking feedback from clients. So it's not really that easy. Number 4. Game testing. You start by creating a portfolio that showcases your attention to detail, your communication skills, and your ability to identify and report bugs effectively. Research game develop studios and publishers that offer game testing opportunities. Things like Epic Games or Origin Games or other companies like that. Many companies will have post their job openings on their websites or recruit testers through their third-party agencies. For the job itself, you need to familiarize yourself with bug tracking software commonly used by the industry, such as Jira or Bugzilla. Develop a testing methodology that includes systematic playtesting, progression testing, and compatibility testing on different platforms. And finally, you have to provide a clear and concise bug report that kind of includes the steps to reproduce that bug or issue. You can also need to track your expected behavior of the actual players and screen shot or video recordings if necessary. Finally, number 5 is selling accounts. Now, there are several ways to sell accounts and get money from it. Number 1 is just playing a competitive game and getting a high rank. And many people will just buy these accounts because they just want to flex on their friends or something. And they're usually pretty cheap. So if you want to, if you really get the game and you really think that you can level up to Diamond, for example, and so that account for like $20 and you think that it's worth the time for you, then I think this is the way to go. Another way people just sell accounts is by having a really rare or limited cosmetic and then selling that account or just training these cosmetics up and up and up until you get like a really rare item and just get even more profit and then selling that account. Another way is to sell an old skin collection that like you just don't play the game anymore. So you just kind of want to get rid of all these skins in this game that you don't play, but you still want the money. So why not? And in the last way, people just want to sell their accounts is just gaining experience or and then sell these accounts to other players. So like getting experience in like getting a really high level or unlocked like all the worlds in a game or something. And people just want to buy that account and you just want to sell it. So those are my top five reasons or top five ways of earning money, playing video games. Some are definitely easier than others, but I guess you can choose your own path. My number one is still just content creation and just figuring out like a way to be unique and create content that is, first of all, informative, but also entertaining at the same time. And I think that is the easiest way to make money. Now, thank you guys for watching and have an upload in a while. But yeah, I'll be back on the grind.