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What's up, YouTube? If you are writing your personal statement for dental school and all you have is about your braces, let's talk. This video will kind of go over all the different elements that you need to make sure that you have a successful personal statement for dental school. Hi, I am Dr. Josie. This is Write Your Acceptance. I have worked with hundreds and hundreds of students applying to medical school, dental school, residency, even college. I know what the admissions committees are looking for and now it's your turn. Let's get started. So step one, let's talk your beginning. I do see the I got my braces experience as that spark moment into dentistry a lot. If that is your truth and you know, you want to start with that, that's fine. But make sure that you are really thinking about how to particularize your moment. Whenever possible, you want to make sure that the personal statement is really setting you apart, right? In a good way and know that the braces story is a very popular story. And so to avoid kind of the more generic experience, I was embarrassed with my smile and then I got braces and it changed my world. Figure out if there were any kind of other outlier experiences that particularize your experience, what I mean? You started braces and then for financial reasons you had to stop. For you immigrated in between and you had to stop and start, you kind of had to navigate something that really shows your awareness of a cultural landscape of a different of a healthcare landscape. So think about how you want to kind of really individualize your moment if that is the start you want. There are other ways to start. You can start with an experience that brings you more kind of into the present moment, maybe taking care of a patient, adapting to their needs, helping them with emotional support. You can save this for later in the essay for sure in the dental experience section, but I do see some students start with a formative dental experience that they've had recently and then kind of go back chronologically to when they were a child and build back up into their dental experiences. Another moment you can tap into for the beginning is a formative leadership experience. If it's within a dental capacity, even better, but really kind of showcasing you in action and helping and connecting to the community. I've had students who have taught through a mobile dental clinic for teaching kids how to brush. I've had students who have started nonprofit organizations and they talk about kind of that commitment and connection to the community and then how they were introduced to dentistry and kind of inequality within oral healthcare through that non-dental experience. And so then they started that way. Step two is to consider your background for your wide dentistry. This second section, you can kind of piggyback off of the first paragraph. So let's say you helped a patient manage their fears and you really adapted to their emotional well-being. At the beginning of the second paragraph, you can offer those takeaways. You can offer how like a little self placement, how you had similar fears or your father had similar fears while you were growing up and you played that support role for a couple decades growing up with a scared parent and kind of avoiding the dentist at all costs. So kind of connecting the story to something particular to you and personal to you. Another experience, if you did anything with regards to translating maybe and you speak multiple languages at home, you're bicultural in any way, you can then kind of go into a personal story and you can go into how you grew up translating for your grandmother, going to medical appointments and dental visits. So really kind of you can use paragraph two of section two as a self placement and kind of connect that spark moment or that opening paragraph experience to something personal to you. Step three is to narrate your dental experiences, right? So you may have started with a spark moment when you were a kid or you started with something that has a dental experience like a current dental experience. You would come back to that so you can say returning to the same practice that offered me my time with Erin. You know, if that's if this story is with Erin at the beginning, then you can kind of go into more experiences and how you've kind of offered support and helped patients offered help streamline any practice procedures, how you've, you know, learned how to sterilize equipment. So you can kind of go into your and build on other if you have other ideally you have multiple dental experiences or, you know, a couple of places unlike medical school, I feel like dental school shadowing appointments allow for more active engagement. So they are more important in my book than they are for capturing shadowing experiences in medical school personal statements, but I digress here. Yes, it works. So these dental related experiences, you want to make sure that if you do a couple of experiences with patients that they offer up slightly different lessons. You don't want to just kind of reconfirm the same lesson over and over, right? So make sure that it is offering moments opportunities to showcase that your takeaways are deepening your commitment to the field, that you've learned different lessons about kind of connecting to community, connecting to patients about helping patients not only really find their place within oral wellness, but then also kind of inspire them to return for preventative measures, not wait until acute pain or acute issues arise. Step four, something else you want to consider are any kind of academic and leadership experiences that you want to share. So do you have a particular, I don't know, biology professor or biology class where you learned about the tooth enamel or where you had like a lab that you saw something under a microscope and it really kind of connected to something you did at your shadowing appointment? Or do you have a leadership position in one of the pre-dental experience that one of the pre-dental student organizations and you started a Relay for Life fundraising project or you started connecting with another student organization, another school and really kind of bringing a mobile dental clinic to the local community or the five elementary schools between your school and their school. These are all experiences from former students. So really think about those academic and community service experiences that have allowed you to kind of figure out what kind of dentists you want to be, right? And so if you want to be that kind of community oriented, dental professional that works with disadvantaged populations, then maybe you showcase the kind of efforts that you've been doing to kind of advance that awareness and what you need to do. Are you having trouble organizing your personal statement? Comment below if you want some help. Step five, conclusion and big takeaways. So for me, each section that comes before the conclusion should have its own takeaway, its own lesson, and they should be varied. Like they should be, it can't, well it can, I guess, but it shouldn't be in my opinion the same lesson over and over, right? You want to show your awareness of the multifaceted profession that you aspire to join. So if you are doing kind of examples in story form sometimes, and then kind of takeaways, and you have these lessons throughout, you've already built your wide dentistry in your conclusion, you can kind of restate them, you can shorten them and kind of offer them more kind of concise, you can return to the opening image and kind of use that as a bookend experience. So there's a couple ways to come full circle and to finish the essay. But you want to make sure that you have, for the most part, all of these elements at least addressed or that you've considered each element as potential topics for your personal statement. Thank you for watching. I hope you found this helpful. Please give us a like, subscribe, and more videos will come your way. Also, if you want to talk about how I work with students on personal statements, make sure to grab your free a 15 minute personal statement chat with me. It's the candle and the link in the notes below. I'll see you guys soon. Thank you so much. Bye


Residual income measures how much operating income or net income is earned beyond management's targets or goals. Residual income is a measure of profitability. Residual income is calculated as operating income minus a target income determined by management. Often the target income is based on return on total assets. So we can expand the formula to be operating income minus a target rate of return times total assets. Here's an income statement for our sample company. We'll use the highlighted operating income to determine the residual income. Of course this could be calculated using net income as well. Here's the balance sheet for our sample company. We'll use the highlighted total assets in our calculation. For 2016 operating income minus the target rate of return, which I've assumed to be 10% in this example, times the total asset gives us the residual income of 7,870. Residual income can be used for expansion and growth or to pay bonuses or dividends.


Hello, good morning. This is Surya Grawalihar, junior resident from Vadodra SVKS Medical Institute. Today, my topic is MRI evaluation of epilepsy with clinical correlation. Epilepsy is the fourth most common non-promantic neurologic disorder. According to the Commission on Neuroimaging of the International League against Epilepsy, all the patients with epilepsy should undergo an MRI except those with very typical forms of primary generalized epilepsy or benign focal epilepsies of childhood with characteristic clinical features, early onset childhood epilepsy with occipital spikes and adequate response to any anti-epileptic drugs. The etiologies of epilepsy are varied and multifocal in various cases. Therefore, the investigation of the underlying causes of seizure will depend upon the clinical context in particularly the type of syndrome, age, types of seizures, associated diseases, presence or absence of progressive or static motor and cognitive dysfunction. In this contest in addition to EEG, neuroimaging techniques in particular MRI are the most important tools for determining the syndromic diagnosis and possible etiolodeoepilepsy. The most common causes of epilepsy are described here.  The aims and objectives of this topic is to violate various causes of epilepsy on MRI brain using conventional and non-contrast MRI in conjunction with advanced MRI techniques such as MRI spectroscopy and verification and differentiation of different legions to evaluate the MRI features of various causes of epilepsy through an optimized epilepsy protocol with adequate spatial resolution and multi-planar reformation. The materials and methods used here are the study design is prospective observational study, sample size approximately 50 patients with the sign-in symptom of caesarepilepsy and other epilepsy disorders during the study period I have been followed. It is conducted as the SBCS Medical Institute, Vadodara, India. The study population was drawn from the patients who were referred to the department of radio diagnosis and collaboration with all the departments as well. The materials and procedures before commencing the study with an informed consent was taken from all the patients. All patients were handed at the same doctor to minimize the biasness. Inclusion criteria include who are presented with all the seizure or epilepsy for the MRI brain in the department of radio diagnosis irrespective of their age and gender. Exclusion criteria include patient not giving the informed concern, patient in which MRI is contraindicated such as patients with a pacemaker, metallic implants and aneurysmal cleavage, patients with a glossophobia. The study tool for this is 1.5 Tesla 16-channels MRI machine Phillips. The percentage of distribution of the cases based on ages 1 to 15 years includes 18%, 16 to 30 years include 42%, 1 to 45 years include 22%, 46 to 60 years include 10% and more than 60 years include 6%. On the basis of gender, male compromise of 66% and the female is of 34%. The male predominance is more as compared to the females. Distribution of cases based on MRI findings the most common include granulomatics, disease such as neurocystisercosis, tuberculoma, calcified granulomas, messenger temporal sclerosis and others as described in the table. Distribution of cases based on the type of epilepsy generalize tonic clothing includes 72%, partial includes 28%. Epilepsy is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent caesars. To most patients with epilepsy caused by generalized caesars respond to antipleptic drugs. One third of those with the partial caesars are resistant to antipleptic drugs. In the case surgical resection of the brain legion is often the only effective treatment. Patients presenting the caesars can have a wide range of MRI imaging modalities or abnormalities depending upon the etiology. Patients presented with caesars of varying duration ranging from few days to few months. Generalized tonic-clonic caesars was the most common clinical diagnosis considering to about 72% of the cases. Some of the common cases are being discussed here like granulomatics, disease, neurocystisercosis. Cystisercosis is a major health problem in several Asian countries. It is the cause of epilepsy in about up to 50% of Indian patients presenting with partial caesars. The most common location of NCC legion is brain parenchyma. Patients may have multiple legions at different stages of evolution. Colloidal vesicular stage, the dynastrolex. MR shows that the cyst fluid is highly hyperlinked to CSF on T1 weighted images. Dynastrolex appears hyperintense on slim. Moderative marks surrounding edema is present. Enhancement of the cyst wall is typically intense, serine-like and openly slightly shaggy. The next one is tuberculoma. It is the second most common manifestation of neuro tuberculosis, which is characterized by focal parenchyma. Inspection with the central t-18 necrosis. Legions with ISO or hyperintensity on T1 weighted images and central hyperintensity with the peripheral hyperintense ring on T2 weighted images. Categorizes it under under the solid caesating granuloma. Since cellular components appear brighter, it is slightly specific for the tuberculoma. Thus, it has been shown that T1 weighted MR imaging is superior to MRs in characterization to such legions. Calcified granulomatics legion, calcified granulomas are the most inflammatory response. They form as a result of chronic infection, mostly due to neurocystis suposis and more commonly due to tuberculosis in our country. Having a large number of patients with granulomast, granulomatics disease and a short history signifying that most patients are picked up in early course of disease. Messenger temporal sclerosis. It is the second most common substrate associated with epilepsy in this study. We found that architectural distortion of hippocampus of patients with hippocampus sclerosis, which included hippocampal atrophy and loss of head, digitations and signal alteration were seen in most of the patients. Another one is tumor and tumor-like condition. That's low-grade glioma. It's the most common and it's histopathically proven and full-of-piece of low-grade glioma. It's seen in this picture in the right high frontal temporal region as the post-operative and post-radio-carapace status. They may evade altered signal intensity in right frontal temporal region with the adjacent extension and interval appearance of a small enhancing region in right insular context with the surrounding areas of altered signal intensity which is showing increased perfusion on perfusion scan. The described findings were suggestive of the recurrence. The above one is low-grade. Now we'll see the high-grade glioma. This is a known case of glioplastoma multiformin. It's the pathologically proven case. The study revealed presence of a large, solid cystic lesion in a left parietotemporal and occipital lobe with the moderate perilligional edema. The lesion is compressing the left natural ventricle with the dilatation of right lateral ventricle and significant midline chip towards right side. Oligodendroglioma. This is a post-operative case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Post-operative cystic encephalomalletic changes are seen in right frontal cortical-sub cortical locations with significant perifocal white matter, long PR hyperintensity showing atrogynous post-contrast enhancement. Meningioma. This is a post-operative case of right parietal meningioma. The study revealed presence of a well-defined, extra-exhaustic postionist-enhancing mass region with a dural tail along the greater wing of spinoid bone on the right side. Tuberous sclerosis. The study revealed the presence of cortical tuberous ependymal nodules along the right tral ependymal surface of both lateral ventricles left, more than right and the white matter radial migration lines. The conclusion is MR imaging is a superior neuroimaging modality with no radiation exposure and should be the first investigation of choice in epileptic syndrome, cerebrovascular disease with a seizure, developmental cortical alfomaceous and vascular alfomaceous. Within identifying certain legions, location, extent of the legions, an amount of findings are excellent but has moderate sensitivity in patients with the generalized stonic-clonic seizures. It was observed that MR positivity was more in motor seizures, absence of seizures and motor seizures that most commonly affected the generalized stonic-clonic seizures cases. Our study observed that MRI was with appropriate imaging protocols at sensitivity and specificity in evaluation of symptoms. Thank you very much.


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