Okay, until you all live, hello everyone, hello, welcome. This is a first workshop from works of series about Hyperledger Bevel, is a series of workshop designed to help you learn about blockchain technology. They mentioned particularly Hyperledger Bevel. Hyperledger Bevel is an accelerator by which developers can consistently deploy production ready distributed networks across public and private cloud providers. Let me introduce our speaker today is Sol Nakroy. He's a technical architect at AXIN and technical architect and my tenure of Hyperledger Bevel. Thank you everyone to join this session and please enjoy and learn and Sol Nak, could you start please? Yeah, hello, I hope. Hi everyone, good morning, afternoon and evening depending on from where you are joining. I hope my screen is visible. So this is not, I mean, I got a question. Is this the first session for Hyperledger Bevel? So this is not the first session for Hyperledger Bevel. We have been doing a lot of sessions. We have code walkthrough sessions and demo sessions as well. This is the first of this workshop series, which is we have two more next week. And so yeah, as Igor just mentioned, Hyperledger Bevel is an accelerator. It is not a blockchain platform itself. It is an accelerator using which you can deploy blockchain platforms or DLT networks in a much lesser time. And also it involves production-ready systems as well. So you don't have to rearchitecture your solution or for a separate production system. We have most of the production things embedded in Bevel. Of course, like any other production system which involves blockchain or non-blockchain, you will still have to do all the other security assessments and all that, which is not covered as part of Bevel. Okay, so with that, yeah, I'll start with the, yeah, this is our antitrust policy notice. You don't have, I'm not going to read it. It's there. You can read it and you can, it will be there for the video as well. And wait for there for some time. I think someone is reading in the videos. So for, yeah, so Hyperledger Bevel. So this is the first session. We have two more next week. So the first session is going to be setting up of a Kubernetes cluster. I mean, this is a generic session for Kubernetes cluster. And I know it has nothing to do with Hyperledger as such. Kubernetes is a different than platform altogether. But why we are doing it is because when we did earlier workshops, we found that most people do not know about Kubernetes and they struggle to start the Kubernetes cluster itself. Of course, many of you here will be experts in Kubernetes and in that case, your session is not for you. But also we are not going to answer any details of various details for Kubernetes because you'll have very good courses online about that. So we are going to set up the cluster for, so that we can use Bevel on it in that scenario. So that's the summary on that for today's session. It's about one hour session in total. So we'll see how far we get. It is enhanced on session. So if you will be doing yourselves as well as I will try to do myself as well. So if we get to, it should be possible to create a cluster within an hour because we will be using managed services. But if someone is stuck because you don't have a cloud account or some other problem, then you can do it yourself later as well. The next session will be setting a vault. Vault, Hashek vault is an important component for Hyperledger Bevel because it stores all the secrets and the keys and the public keys and private keys in vault. So that is important. And so next session, the second session will be on how to set up Hashek vault. And then the last session will be how to set up a DLT platform using Bevel. And the last session is a longer session, right? Any questions so far? Or if not, I have this question about what is a Kubernetes cluster? If anyone can just give a brief for someone who doesn't know about Kubernetes, you can type in the chat. So the question is, what is a Kubernetes cluster? That's the question from my side. Of course, if anyone has questions, also we can talk. I think there is a question from Jose. Can we take these set up as production ready one? So this is, I wouldn't suggest you to take this set up directly to production because as I said, for doing a production solution, you will have to deal with other security, mainly security considerations as well. But yeah, it is not a production. This one is not a fully production. It can be used as a high-level development environment, but not for a production system. Yeah, I think the answers are more or less right. So someone said about cloud native orchestration platform. So no, it is not a cloud native because you can run Kubernetes on bare metal as well. So it is not a cloud native solution. It is an orchestration framework for continuous platform that is best one and organized. So I would say it is more like a management platform for containerized assets, which all the images and all that is much easy to orchestrate using Kubernetes. I will compare Dan using, say Docker, Compose or anything else. So because Kubernetes takes, it does a lot of the memory management, CPU management itself. And yeah, and on top of that, we are going to use a managed Kubernetes in this session. So that a manage means one which is provided by cloud and by a cloud service provider. And that is why these are the two prerequisites for this session. You should already, I think Igor sent that email. You should have already have a cloud account, preferably GCP, because I'll be doing it on GCP. Or if any others, of course, they should support a managed Kubernetes or and you should have a laptop or desktop, of course, from which you are connecting and you'll be using the cloud console. So those are the two prerequisites. And so no further questions, I hope. Right. So let's get on. I hope you have everyone has their cloud accounts. I will paste this link on the chat as well. Sorry. In the show and copy. So this is the one that will follow today. Okay. So there is a question, can you elaborate on India and some other terminology? It is different than, is it different than Bevel? Yes.  Because the session is not for that, but if you look at hyper ledger, the main website on hyper ledger foundation, you will have, you'll have the greenhouse in which the Bevel is a tool and and Indie is a DLT platform. So that's the main difference between Indie and Bevel. So from the DLT platforms point of view, under hyper ledger, you have hyper ledger Indie, hyper ledger basu, hyper ledger sawtooth, hyper ledger fabric is the most popular one. And others I, I, of course, and non hyper ledger are, for example, go quorum or, or, or R3 corda. Those are non hyper ledger DLT platforms. And then Bevel is a tool hyper ledger Bevel, which is, which uses, which is used to deploy these DLT platforms. That means hyper ledger Bevel can be used to deploy a fabric network or a quorum network or a basu network or a, or a corda network or Indie network. So those are the five, I would say are supported right now by hyper ledger Bevel. Okay. So, I mean, this is, well, we'll start now before that any questions if you are doing hands-on, please say yes. Yeah, if you're not doing hands-on, you can just just look at this, but I would suggest that would be quite boring. Right. Okay. So there's another question, does any cloud provider ever go in cluster for free if not, which is providing minimum cost. So, so that's why we are choosing GCP.  So for GCP, it is not free, but the GCP when for a new account, you get $300 credit and Kubernetes is included in that $300 credit because GCP doesn't, Google doesn't charge separately for the Kubernetes cluster management itself, whereas AWS charges for the Kubernetes cluster. So, and it will not be in the AWS free tier. So I hope you have in accessed the link by now and been to your console, right. And so let's do the next thing you can create a new project ideally, or you should already have a project. Just select the correct project from the top. So I'll show you here. I see here you select projects here. So I know this spelling is wrong, but this is how the project was created. So that's how I have. So this is my project. And then I love to go here. So the next one is, yeah. So on your local machine, you should be installing Cube CTL and G Cloud SDK. So I think I already have eight on mine. So Cube CTL. So I think I have Cube CTL. Otherwise it would have given error. Yep. And then I have G Cloud as well. Yeah. So I have G Cloud. So please install Cube CTL and G Cloud SDK, which, which you will have the access, which we'll be using as the main, the clients. Right. Then the next step is to create a service account. And that's what I was there. You can create the service account. So we'll start. Okay. So I've created the service account as for the details, as for the guide there. And then I am going to create a key for that. And the key will be downloaded in my system. Now the next, so that's the service account. And that's the service account you should be using to connect. I mean, if you already have like a super user service account and you can use that as well, there's no, but this is kind of an extra layer of security that you use this specific service account and then set the Google credentials to this JSON file so that whenever you access the Kubernetes cluster, you'll be using using this. Right. Then next is Kubernetes. Search. So Kubernetes engine, it should be enabled already. If not, you can, you have to enable. For me, it is enabled on Google Kubernetes engine because I've used it already. And then I'll create, click create. And I'll use a GK standard. I know autopilot looks a bit more enticing, but yeah, it is, it will give a problem later, I guess. So you can do GK standard. And that's what it says here as well. So let's give this a name. As you can read in the document that you, if you are using for production-like situations, you should use regional, but otherwise, Zonalis is fine. You can specify the node locations as well. So I'll say, yeah, I think this is fine. I'll add more, few, two more locations. Release channel is, I think you can just do default or stable because I think these, these are the, this is where you are selecting the version of Kubernetes. Bevel kind of currently for all supports 1.19 only. So it may, it's not, it doesn't appear here, which is fine because for this, this one will be using 1.21. The only problem with 1.21 at that some point, we'll have, there will be some problems with the vault and all, we'll fix that maybe during the workshop. But for now, yeah, choose a stable channel and choose, for now, let's choose the lowest, which is 1.21. We have to do the whole thing. Okay, so next is default pool. You can keep the name as default pool itself. You can, you can change. I'm not enabling all these auto scaling and all that now because you can, you can change these later. It's not anything that you cannot change later. So the only thing you may want to do is change the node in the, in your default pool. If you want to, you can choose a higher memory or higher CPU. But remember that these is for each instance type. So if you're using your $300, it may be costly to choose a higher one because we have already chosen three nodes. So there will be, that means you will have three easy E2 medium VMs spun up. And just for everyone, again, for everyone, if you're not working always, what you can do is come and make this node, this, I'll show you again, but this number of nodes per zone to zero as well before you, you know, close your, so that it is not billed to your account when you're not using it. And then once you come back tomorrow or whenever you're doing it, you can come back and change this number of nodes to say three. It is actually three per zone, which is quite high to create nine. So I'll change it to one. So yeah, change it to, change it to one per zone. And then it will take some time to come up with the new VMs, but, but rest, you know, you'll save on the costs. Okay. So coming back to the nodes, I think the boot disk size doesn't have to be 100 GB because we'll hardly use anything on the, for, for Bevel, at least, we'll hardly use anything from the default boot disk because Bevel will create PVCs always for any of the new deployments that you'll be doing. PVCs are persistent volume claims. So they are separate volumes that are created for on, on, on GCP. So which is not, which don't take this boot disk space. So I'm just reduced it as far. Okay. Okay. Networking. There is some issues. So I don't think I'll have to create a network. Let's go one by one. Security, computer engine service account is, is fine. Allowing default access. Access is also fine. Okay. Metadata. I mean, if you want to add any key, any. What should I say tags? It is, it is like, this is how you do. So you can add any, anything say any tags you can add Kubernetes labels, you can add node tents and all that here. Okay. Next automation. Yeah. So this is, this is automation. So I think what, what I am having an issue is there is no default network. So maybe I'll have to create a network first. Okay. So there's a question. What challenges would one face with Bevel set up if not using a managed Kubernetes service. So the challenges that you will face is not with the Bevel setup. It is with the man setting up your managed Kubernetes service itself. So because if you're not using your Kubernetes service itself, so if you're not using Bevel, sorry, managed Kubernetes, then you will have to, you know, maintain those nodes. You have to ensure that you have enough number of CPU yourself because otherwise Kubernetes will, you know, just stop, you know, scheduling automatically will not have any automatic or you may need to write those rules yourself to auto automatic scaling up or scaling down rules and all the complexity that comes with it. And you will have to manage a separate Kubernetes master node and separate you to manage the at CD, the Kubernetes directories and then the Kubernetes master data and all that yourself and ensure that they are backed up so that you can get back to, if something crashes, you can get back again with the same same state. So all that is not all those extra effort is not needed if you're using managed Kubernetes servers. Okay. So let's see what is one month. So you can choose private or public, you know, cluster. So private cluster is a public cluster is of course your cluster itself. It's written here that the roots are automatically created. You have to, you cannot change the setting after the cluster is created, but private cluster is where you have an internal IP for the nodes. And you can access the control plan using an external IP address, which, which I'm selecting now can also select enable control plan global access. So to which what will it means is that it will, it will create, you will be able to access a control from everywhere. Otherwise you can just give the IP, IP range. So let's do. So I'm doing this because we are going to access it for all. Otherwise for from everywhere, because otherwise it is going to be, you can hear, you can create, you know, like any VPNX address or a specific IP address where you are able to connect to the control plan from. So that's, that's the option here. Okay. Did I have a question, any recommendation, minimum hardware to install hyper ledger bevel. So not sure who is asking the question is coming as iPhone two, but hyper ledger bevel is not in itself a deployment is not an installation in itself. Of course to run hyper ledger bevel you will need a machine because it's an operations tool. So that we mostly recommend using Ubuntu with, with it, which is able to run Ansible. So that means it should be, should have a GB of RAM at least. And then what hyper ledger bevel does is deploying a like a DLT network. Now for the, for the DLT network itself, you will of course need hardware or repeat cloud or bare metal. But that hardware is will be of course dependent on your DLT network configuration. If it has two nodes, it will be less hardware. And if it has a hundred nodes, it will be much more hardware. And the question is about mini cube or kind. So we have not, we have, I mean, we did try using mini cube earlier, but most of the time it didn't work because we were spending a lot of time to fix issues related to mini cube itself and the networking aspects as you may have seen in the discord chats going about going there. So we have not tried any of those what mini cube used mini cube, I think at least two years ago or three years ago. And after that it will not. So I'm not sure what is K3S. So I don't know if it will work on K3S. Yeah. We have not tried on any of these mini cube kind or microcators, though we use kind for doing our tests, which is in, when we do testing for using my molecule, we use kind there, but that's only for running the Ansible tests. We don't use, we have not used for that because Bevel is targeted for production like production ready systems. And hence we don't spend a lot of time in trying to make Bevel work for mini cube or microcators because no one is going to use mini cube or microcators in a production system. Yeah. So yeah, I mean, from, from, from, if it is running then for this session it is, that's the thing. We'll try to of course connect to this and to get that connected. You can, as I said, you can use download. Sorry, download cube CTL or I'll give you another resource or you can download for a UI based like UIs then this Kubernetes lens is a very good tool, which we, which we use in as well, which will be, you'll see UI and it's much more, you don't have to remember all the cube CTL commands. Basically it's an abstraction on the cube CTL command. So you can use this. I think they have changed a little bit long. You have to register now with, with GitHub and all that, but it is still, still a good tool to use. Yes. The question is about using WSL as a controller when setting up the prerequisites. Yes, you can use WSL as a controller when setting up prerequisites. I think for the next, basically for the final session or whenever you're running cube CTL and all we can use WSL because most of our commands, most not all of our commands are Unix based commands. We work mainly on Unix machines. All our Ansible controllers or the machine that we work from is Unix or Linux or Ubuntu. And so it is, it is good to have WSL. The other advantage of course is you can run Docker because we have a Docker image. When we go to the third session, I will know that we have a Docker image where you can use as the Ansible controller. And as we know that Docker doesn't run natively on Windows. So anyway, you will need a WSL, some format of Windows machine, sorry, Ubuntu instance to run Docker on Windows. So in which case you can run it from WSL as well. So that's hopefully it's starting up. So in, we'll take some time, I guess. But in the meantime, is there any other question? Is anyone stuck at somewhere? Or if they are using, they want to see the same process on AWS. We can do that. We have not used to say or open to say Linux as the operator operating system. So I don't think most of the commands will work. So for that, I think in that case, let me see if I can. So in that case, Igor, can you send the presenter joined to Shubhajit Sarkar? Sorry, can you repeat? Shubhajit is S-U-V-A-J-I-T. Hi everyone, Shubhajit here. I'll just put my name there. So Igor you can add me. So as a co-host? Yes, yes. So because then he will be, he has, he will be doing using EKS, sorry for AWS EKS using EKS class, EKS CTL. Question from Anand, any dependencies on storage class as those may be cloud specific? Yes. There is definitely dependencies on storage class as they are cloud specific. And as a result, we have created storage class templates in Bevel for the cloud platforms that we have, we have tested on, which includes AWS, Azure, Google, I think there is some from Open, was a digital ocean as well. And many people have contributed additional storage class templates for a new or different cloud platforms as well. Right. Okay, Shubhajit, over to you. Right. Let me see if I can share the screen now. So determining powered usage, I guess that will be from your cloud provider because we're using managed Kubernetes. Steven. Right. Is my screen visible? Yes. Okay, so I followed the same steps as in to create the Kubernetes cluster, but the cloud provider that I have chosen is AWS. And to do that, what I found the best way is to use the EKS CTL library. So some of the prerequisite to get that started is of course the AWS cloud subscriptions and cloud account. And then a couple of binaries are required. For example, the AWS CLI and which will configure your AWS credentials. You would also need AWS IM Authenticator. And then the EKS CTL is of course the client that is required to bootstrap the Kubernetes cluster. Now I'll put some links quickly. Maybe later on you can just have a look or just maybe search for EKS CTL. So this one will give you all the steps of how to install on various machines. For now I have just used the installation step for Linux machines here. And... Can you paste it to on the chat? The EKS CTL link. And it has a lot of configurations on how you exactly want your cluster configurations to be. For example, the region, specific region where you want the name of the cluster, the number of nodes that you want. You can have the auto scaling group configured as well. This will also let you configure any SSH connection that you want on your Kubernetes nodes, basically the worker nodes. So all those set-ups are there, but if you want to just simply run in a base mode, you can just have the cluster name, the number of nodes and the KubeConfig file. Basically this is the local path where you want your KubeConfig to a KubeConfig yaml to be auto created. So that later you can use it to access your cluster using Kube CTL client. Right, and just kind of a couple of things in the user which you have authenticated with AWS. So the policies that are required are basically if the admin access is there, that's always useful. But then in terms of for the EKS creation part, you definitely need the EKS cluster policy, the EKS service policy, and the EKS CNI policy. The EKS worker node policy is also something required if you want to kind of access the worker node pool. So once you have this policy added to AIM, you can simply run the command here. So I have already done it and it looks like the cluster is ready. So I'll just kind of confirm that with, I'll just check if the file has created properly or not. So if I do a list here, I do see one second. Create there, but I'll confirm. It should be in dot cube. Should we? Oh, is it not there? Yep. For some reason it didn't create. Did I not put the correctly? And you can still get it again using, you know, the EKS command. You have to check that. Yeah, cluster credentials. This one is to write it to that part, but then Yeah, this one, the last one, EKS utils writeQ config. Yep. Give the path as well now. Just have. Okay. Well, you're at it. What was the question there? What is the roadmap of for hyperledger? As I can see, many projects are in graduate state and incubating as well. Are all these projects different among each other in terms of functionality, which framework shall we learn? If indeed bevel, et cetera. I mean, to answer that, I don't know if David, do you want to take that or Igor? Or otherwise I can answer that as well. So the question is, what is the roadmap for hyperledger? As I can see, many projects are in graduated state and you incubating as well. Are all these projects different among each other in terms of functionality? Which framework shall we learn? That's a good question. I cannot answer this moment. So it's really the best, like, join this court. Yeah.  I mean, from my point of view, of course I'm not a member of hyperledger TSC, but hyperledger is a foundation. And it's as we know it's called hyperledger foundation. Hyperledger is not a blockchain platform. So for hyperledger is a foundation. And under that foundation, you have many projects which are blockchain related. Most of them, almost all of them. And as I discussed previously as well, you have a few under the umbrella, you have a few DLT platforms, you have some tool sets, you have some, you know, integration, interoperability tools, platforms as well. So all these are separate projects under hyperledger. So you may, if in your, you know, business area, if you have to learn all of the projects, you will have to learn all of the projects, but generally people choose one or two of the related ones, like especially, for example, you're using Fabric, you will use, you'll learn mainly on Fabric if you're using Indy, then of course you have a bit more to learn because you have Aries framework as well. Then if you want, if you're using Besu, then again, it is, it's simple enough. You just try to understand Besu. Then the other question is, is there some kind of checklist or documentation regarding security considerations to take into account to deploy production ready bevel network? The answer to that is no, because every client, every implementation is different and everyone will have their own security considerations. The general security considerations for any deployment will apply to that client, a specific client. They should already have a security considerations for running any production network. And not just a blockchain production network. So the summary of that is that there is no different additional security because you are using bevel or because you are using a blockchain platform. The security will be same. The security profiles or the requirements will be same as any production project. Yeah, quickly on that part. So I think the kubeconfig file got written into the default kubeconfig path that I had set. So that's there. So I've just kind of exported that as a variable kubeconfig and then with kubectl, I can see the ports there and I can see the get nodes. It should show me the one node that I had created and the version as well. So by default, it's 1.2, I believe, yeah, 1.2. Okay. So anyone who is working on who is in progress along with the session, their cluster has come up because mine hasn't is still going under health checks. Yeah, I think Shivaji said it takes about 15 minutes on AWS. Yeah. So it takes a bit more for GCP. Sean, if you want me to kind of have this loaded on Lens as well, maybe it will be. Yeah, yeah, you can do that. Yeah, so I'll just stop sharing. I need to copy the kubeconfig file and then share back. What are some best practices to follow while creating Appledger Fabric Production Network via Bevel? Yeah, so I think there should be a kind of, we should publish a white paper or something because it will be quite big set of best practices. I've already said something about the security. The other thing that we have seen and we are, of course, learning and people who ever is using Bevel are also coming up with the questions. So for example, there is the first best practice, of course, is not to use Fabric Certificate Authority. You should use your own separate certificate authority. And even if you use Fabric Certificate Authority, you should have the certificate renewal and revoking all those mechanisms or what should I say, processes in place before using the Fabric Certificate of Fabric CA servers. So I think that would be the major thing that I can talk about. And the rest everything is similar, like you should have a secure development environment, secure operations environment, ensure everything is TLS3 encoded. The Fabric Network itself, of course, will be secure because it is communicating via secure channels. But then the accessing like as you saw, I showed you the Kubernetes cluster. You should have more tighter restrictions around accessing the Kubernetes cluster because if someone has access to the Kubernetes cluster, they can install something else or delete something. So those are generic best practices for any cloud development, I would say. Yeah, I think Shubhajit can show the final output. So I have the Lens installed in my local system, so I need to copy the KubeConfig files. I've copied it here and from Lens tool, I will just add a new cluster and then provide the path of the KubeConfig file, select the correct context, and then can I believe add cluster. So, okay. So I think I need to apply the Authenticator one second at that as well. Okay, any other questions? I mean, Jor-El had a question at what is the final look at the config file. I mean, it will be just like any other KubeConfig file, I would say, which has a single entry and as Shubhajit was mentioning, like if you don't update your config, KubeConfig environment variable, it will keep on adding new configurations to the existing file in which case your KubeConfig file will become very huge and then you have to change the context to update everything. Yeah, but ideally your Kubernetes file should contain only one context and details of one cluster and that's what you will be using in the third session. So every time you run a Kube to get an UpdateConfig command or the GCloud command, you should be using a new file, set it as KubeConfig equals to which Shubhajit just showed and then it will update into a new file. So the last question was, we have a support certificate renewal feature in Fabric. So right now doesn't support certificate renewal feature in Fabric. It is in progress, as you may have seen in our issues board and it is not being developed by Accenture at the moment because it is not our priority. For the reason that we do not suggest clients to use Fabric CA as a production CA, right? I think that's all, unless there are any questions, are there any questions on YouTube? Let me see. No question on YouTube. Okay. Thank you very much. Thank you. Please join us for the next two sessions and then next week, 14 June and 16 June, I put a link on the chat. Thank you so much. This is great. Yeah. And just on kind of a show of hands or something, like how many of your Google cluster or AWS cluster was up and running, because we'll be using, needing that for the next session. So for the next session, which we are deploying Vault, we should already have a running Kubernetes cluster. Okay. I put also link to YouTube, recording from the session. So please, you can go through once again. Okay. Thank you everyone. And have a good day ahead. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you.


you've got to have the natural killers. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte of all lymphocytes. They make up about 2% of the lymphocyte population. And so they're not very common, but here's why we're talking about them right now. They are going, they go around, they're nonspecific. They're not responding to a specific antigen. They go around and they identify self-cells that lack what? MHC1. Now, I just told you that everybody has MHC1 except for red blood cells. And there must be some reason why natural killers do not attack red blood cells. And I don't know what that mechanism is, but natural killers do not attack red blood cells. But all your other cells are supposed to have MHC1. And sometimes certain pathogens like, good Lord, viruses.  So they make your MHC1 go away. Sometimes cancer cells also have an MHC1 platform that is not functioning. And so cancer cells can sort of hide because they're not posting information about what's going on inside of them. So natural killers come along and they're like something's missing here and they initiate the tragic yet valuable process of apoptosis. Apoptosis is cell suicide. I'm going to add another word because I can controlled cell suicide.   And they're going to get old. And they're going to wear out. If they die while damaged, it's called necrosis. And the outcome is like cell guts everywhere. And think about what's in a cell. Like you have digestive enzymes, you have like other enzymes, you have all sorts of stuff in that cell that's held away from everybody else by the cell membrane. So during the process of necrosis, the cell pops and all that stuff goes out into the interstitial fluid and that's like a sad story that's going to affect lots of surrounding cells. It's going to be bad. So the body has a process by which apoptosis can be initiated and that actually leads to... It's chemically stimulated and there are two main molecules that facilitate this. There are granzymes and perforin. Perforin perforates the cell. It pops holes, makes holes in the cell membrane of whoever is being targeted for apoptosis. So if you put holes in the cell, you can imagine that fluid is going to... You're basically going to pop the thing. Granzymes initiate this cascade of chemical reactions that tell the cell, okay, we're shutting things down. We're going to put away all the digestive enzymes. They're going to go in this pile. We're going to disable any weapons or any machinery that we have in here. It's chemicals that shut things down. So the natural killers come along and they're like, dude, where's your MHC1 platform? And the cell in question is like, I got nothing. I don't know where it went. Somebody's in here and they took it and I don't know what to do about that. Natural killers like, I, dog, it's a sad day for you. It's time for apoptosis. Natural killer barfs out some perforin, barfs out some granzymes. All of those things go into the targeted cell. The targeted cell goes through the process of popping and it was a sad day. But dude, let's do that rather than necrosisize because then that's going to be even a bigger mess. All right, dude, natural killers. They're incredible. The last thing I want to talk about is one more generalized strategy for popping bad guys or dealing with bad guys. It's kind of similar to apoptosis. We'll talk about that in a second.


Hi everyone and welcome back, it's Vicky here and today I'm showcasing the new Tonic Studios Designer's Dice Set. This month the kit is called Elegant Pocket Dice and it comes with 12 dice. It includes these beautiful dice in a bigger and a smaller size and you get the inside separately which means that you can use these beautiful lace style dice to cut out details on a piece of paper. On the outside, the straight lines and all around, it's not going to cut out the paper.  You can use those to create pockets if you like. It's the exact same thing with the bigger die, just remember that you can cut out the flaps if you don't want to use them and I will show you two different ways on how you can use these dice on today's cart.  The sentiments read invitation for you, a gift.  You can make really elegant cards using these dice just because they give you this beautiful lace design. Now I am going to cut out a piece which is 4.25 x 5.5 and then I am going to place on top the larger of the dice to create a beautiful design.  Notice that it doesn't cut out all around since I didn't use the outline die. I also want to create a little panel that I am going to use as a pocket where I will be able to slide inside my gift card later on. So you see for this piece I used the design with the lace, the smaller one, along with the matching outline. Now I am using my bone folder to reinforce the folding, the scoring lines. And of course another option to use such a piece is to cut out the flaps so you can use it as a standalone element. Now I am using my paper trimmer and I am going to cut out this panel just a little bit so when I place it on top of a standard card it's going to give me a small border. So I picked this beautiful blue card base and that's 4.25 x 5.5 so when I place my beautiful design on top you see that it is slightly smaller. Now I am going to use foam tape at the back so that I can pop it. This is going to give a lovely dimension and it is going to help that beautiful design to show even more since it's going to be in a distance from the cardstock underneath. For the sentiment you can use any of the dies in the kit. I went with a simple thank you that I white embossed on a thin strip of yellow cardstock. I think that yellow with that beautiful blue make a gorgeous combination especially for summer. And I also used dies that I had in my stash from previous kits to cut out three flowers and three leaves which I am going to stick with my Nouveau de Luxe glue. I think that this beautiful lace design really makes an impact on my card and I didn't want to cover it up with any big focal points I just want this beautiful design to show. Now I am going to use Nouveau de Luxe glue at the back of this panel and I have a pre-folded card that's 4.25x5.5 and I am going to stick one on top of the other. Now remember that I have cut out this beautiful pocket in the beginning, this is where you can stick it on the inside and slide inside a gift card or some pocket money if you like. Now just because I want to make a little bit of a contrast here I am going to use the same cardstock that I did for the front of the card but a smaller piece this time and I am going to stick the flap there. I am using for that my double sided tape but of course it would work with any type of glue. I am just going to build that off and stick those flaps at the back of my little panel there. This way I have created a pocket that matches perfectly with the outside design of the card. Now I am just going to make sure that I press that flap nicely down. I am going to add my Nouveau de Luxe glue at the back and stick it on the inside of my card. I do have enough space to write a message which you will see once you slide out the gift card. And here is an example photo of how it would look with my little treat inside. Now for the outside I am going to add some finishing touches. I am curling up the leaves and the flowers just to add that extra touch and I am also going to add little gems at the center of my little flowers. Now notice that on the inside the flaps of the pocket are stuck at the back of this blue panel which means that I can slide inside anything I want with no problem at all. You will find everything I use down below in the description area and if you are watching on YouTube you will see a timestamp before each of the products, if you click on that you will be able to see where I used it. I hope that's helpful, it's a new feature of the Linktale tool. And that was the project for today, I hope that you had fun, that you got inspired, thank you all for watching and until next time, stay safe.


Welcome to today's interactive web chat in honor of Pride Month, a month celebrating the contributions and resilience of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex community in the United States and around the world. This conversation feels even more important today after the tragedy at a dance club in Orlando. Our thoughts are with those in Florida and around the world who are grieving. The theme of this discussion is using policy, advocacy, and storytelling to advance LGBTI rights. This is the second of two live web chats we're hosting today here at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C. I'm Mark Bromley, a human rights lawyer and chair of the Council for Global Equality, a civil society coalition that promotes equality and opportunity for LGBTI individuals globally. I'll be your moderator today. This is an important time to have a conversation on international LGBTI rights. While there has been a lot of progress in recent years, enormous challenges persist, particularly related to hate crime prevention and anti-discrimination. One way to address these problems is to create a forum for dialogue, such as this, to encourage open discussion about these topics. Here to answer your questions are Randy Berry, Special Envoy for the Human Rights of LGBTI Persons at the U.S. Department of State, LGBTI Advocate Jason Marsden, and Emmy Award-winning filmmaker and director of the Matt Shepard is a friend of mine documentary, Michelle Joshua. We are also joined by 38 groups representing every region of the world, including one coordinated through the U.S. Embassy in Reykjavik, Iceland, who we will introduce in a moment. So we are very happy to have a diverse set of voices participating in the conversation today. Before we get started, I just want to mention that if you have questions that you would like our panel to address, please ask them in the chat space next to the video player or on Twitter using the hashtag LGBTI rights. We'll try to answer as many of your questions as possible, and we will also provide links to resources. So with that, Special Envoy Berry, can you briefly explain your role and what you've encountered during your first year on the job, traveling the world, and working to address some of these critical issues? Yes, good morning or good afternoon, Mark, and hello to all of our viewers who are joining around the world. Before responding to your question, Mark, I might also just take a moment to note the terrible tragedy, obviously, that has us all reeling here in the community and more broadly in the United States. You know, the attack obviously raises major issues about the well-being of LGBT persons. What we face in the U.S. often is inextricably linked to what we see around the world. So our thoughts and moreover our rededication to working on behalf of this community is increased. You know, Mark, it's been a real pleasure for the last year I've had working in this position as Special Envoy to travel around the world, to have a chance to engage with governments, to engage with leaders in civil society, to engage with leaders in business and communities of faith, and others, to really further this conversation about what real equality and dignity under the law means. So, you know, we have engaged in 43 countries in the last 14 months, including places where criminalization remains intact, two countries that are somewhere in the middle, two those countries who have seen great progress well before my own country managed to get onto this agenda. So it's been a real pleasure to get a sense, and I will share that the events of this weekend in Orlando notwithstanding, I come away knowing that there is more hope and more light in this world and there is darkness and challenge. Thank you for that. Following the anti-gay, bias-motivated murder of their son Matthew, Judy and Dennis Shepard turned their grief into action by creating the Matthew Shepard Foundation to campaign and champion the causes of LGBTI equality, social justice, and diversity awareness and education. Jason Marsden is the executive director of the organization. Jason, welcome. Tell us a bit about the work you do and some of your experiences working on LGBTI issues abroad. The Matthew Shepard Foundation works in four ways primarily. First and foremost, Judy and Dennis Shepard travel the country and increasingly now the world spreading a message of understanding compassion and acceptance in support of all diversity and all minorities whose rights are threatened and in particular, LGBTQI individuals because of their deep passion to continue their son's legacy. Additionally, we have a, I think, groundbreaking program to improve the reporting of and prevention of hate crimes here in the United States and the way we can interface with those abroad to do so as well. Crimes are a solvable problem. It's a community that has won awards. It's one of the works of theater that is most presented in community theaters and schools. We also have other resources for young people to ensure that the young people in this community have access to the resources they need, especially those who live in rural areas where they don't have access to this type of resources. I know how they have their fellow citizens in many cases. They have not been able to find these resources they have needed. Thank you, Jason. Many of you just saw, or will have the opportunity to see the documentary winner of an Emmy, Matt Shepard, my friend. Michelle Josue produced it and is with us today. You can describe briefly what inspired you to create this documentary. Yes, as you can see in the movie Matt was a dear friend of mine. We grew up together basically and when we lost him, many of his friends, Jason among them and I, we were devastated. I think I had a very innocent vision of the world. I had not realized that there were so many people like Matt who faced the threat of violence only by whom they were. So it's not that one recovers from a loss like that, but when I came to accept it, I realized that as a friend of Matt and as a filmmaker I also had the obligation to honor him and others like him. And I decided to make a documentary to tell the world who he was as a human being just like the rest of us. So many years later, when I felt mature, professional and emotionally ready for this project, and here I am. Thank you, Michelle. I want to make a few more comments to set the foundations for our dialogue. In April of this year, the State Department published its annual report on human rights and as always we see a worrying panorama regarding the violence against members of this community. There are specific murders of these people in all parts of the world, relatives, even strangers, unknown, can be the authors of these crimes. So it's a story that has to be told to make it less common. Let's start the conversation with a very general question for the panel. Why is it important to support the LGBTI rights, defend them, even in the case of the crimes committed against them all over the world? There is a very important and strong reason to join us all in this conversation and it is the fact that the reality is that in 75 countries in the world there is still some kind of penalization of this community. There are laws that may not be applied, but in any case they create a threat environment of certain levels of stigma, of violence. In many cases then, in the name of the State Department we participate in the world dialogue about this issue to erode those laws, to eliminate them, to deal with issues of lack of knowledge at the world level, as to what it means to be part of the LGBTI community and we seek to change the opinion, change the feelings of people in this sense and it is clear that the human aspect of this issue and the ability to see the human face to this which is what Michel has also done with his film is something very effective so that we know that we are not talking about an abstract concept but rather about a human life that was lost in a very tragic and precocious way due to hatred. Michel wants to answer this question. Yes, I wanted to answer it in a very simple way. I feel and I feel that we are citizens of the world, we are part of a global community, we are all interconnected because we are all humans so it is very important to defend ourselves mutually and that we all see each other as equal, deserving of love, of acceptance and that is why I do what I do and that is why I fight and I think that we all have to commit ourselves to those ideals and Jason, I don't know if you can give us some reflection in this sense too, of course, our lives are short, we don't live eternally, our childhood is very short and it molds the life that we are going to have as adults and as the Shepard family understood, a life like this can be interrupted unnecessarily and for cruel reasons. In this country where we have advanced so much in terms of LGBTI rights, there are about 250,000 hatred crimes that occur annually and only 7,000, 8,000 of these cases are notified, denounced so we have to protect people with a different sexual orientation also in terms of race, religion, national origin if they are not the norm or what others expect these people also need protection there are no lives to waste in this world we have very little time, we have to share our gifts especially love it makes sense to establish barriers between people who want to spend their lives together or oppress these people by the government it must be a fundamental human value the fact that people can live as they are, as authentic beings, faithful to themselves and we want to share this understanding this idea with other parts of the world that it is a moral imperative to do it with all the serenity possible thanks to Jason we will go to a group that observes us in Iceland Felix Bergman, actor, director and defender of LGBTI will present the topic and then we will talk to the group Hi, I'm Felix but I also use the other name that I just mentioned we are here with many people from the LGBTI community here in Iceland we have two ambassadors and other people who are interested in human rights first we want to thank Michelle for an excellent movie she moved us to many of us we were all with tears in our eyes and in view of the events in Orlando with one more reason we feel the pain of you in the United States the first question I wanted to ask I have a question since I have the use of the word and it is a very simple question we as individual people each of us what can we do to fight against atrocities like that happened in Orlando thank you and we apologize for the audio the quality of the audio in front of Randy thank you, I think the type of work and activism that is more effective is the one that comes from the citizens this is a fundamental part of our politics in terms of the participation of the United States to do everything possible to give to the civil society to the civil society tractors all the possibilities of doing this work because I think that fundamentally it is the only way to really change what is happening it is thanks to that leadership by the citizens an individual person can participate in dialogue in their community with their family with their political leaders to really underline the fact that in short, we are not talking about any special right nothing special but it is simply reduced to the full equality and simply that is the most important part of this equation also the fact that people can help through their support to organizations that work on these issues at a global level sharing their resources their ideas with those who fight in other countries and who suffer for this reason it has to do with the consultations that should happen among the citizens and how we can preserve those spaces for the manifestations of the members of the civil society it represents a foundation that promotes the rights of the LGBTI community LGBTI but what else can we do as individuals I think it is fundamental to tell our stories the majority of us do not have anything that externally marks us as lesbian homosexual etc this is different from what is the race or the national origin therefore it depends on the person if he wants to identify or not and who they are as Judy and Dennis always say those who have not been presented as they are authentically are the most important slave because people have to realize that the LGBTI community is not in some rare category in the distance that we can ignore but they are part of our family our colleagues our classmates neighbors someone from whom we buy something someone who buys something that we are selling it is a community that is integrated in almost all ways except the fact of being visible then as Judy says present yourself where you are come out and identify and let someone identify before you as part of that community with open arms to that person and it is also correct the comment that there are organizations there are leaders we can identify them as allies if they need our support as part of the general population of each country thank you we return to Reykjavik do you have another question for us yes I think we have a question my question is a double question it is mainly for Michelle I was watching the documentary and I imagine it would have been very difficult for you to remember these wounds these difficult moments so how difficult it was for you to do this documentary and how it has been in other parts of the world what has been the international answer to this documentary thank you we can pass with Michelle if you can tell us emotionally if it was very difficult to create this documentary and how they have reacted to it in other parts of the world thank you for the question really it is the most difficult thing I have done in my life but we all had committed the friends of MAD other friends also knew that it was going to be something very difficult but what we wanted to do was to give faith to MAD of its history and we had to reopen those wounds so that other people could know their life from a human and authentic point of view and now people know very well the history of MAD it has known it well for years it was to share who he was as a human being it was not a perfect being of course from no point of view he had his struggles his triumphs too he was an imperfect person like all of us and I think it is worth a lot because people can identify with that to a very human level so to return to the initial question it was very difficult but it was something we had to overcome by MAD and by all of us and as for the second part of the question how the film has been received on the outside I have really felt very happy to be able to share this story during the last three years here in my country and on the outside I was very surprised to see how this film has been received wonderfully in all parts all have reacted so positively and it has been beautiful to see how the story of MAD still affects so many people in the whole world after so many years after his murder thank you Michele, thank you for putting your love and your pity we are going to listen to some of the questions of the television in line the first question I receive is how do you suggest that we call your attention to the hate crimes to stop them if the crime is so prevalent and perhaps our special guest here talk about the political side here in the United States one of the most important results has become the tragic death of Matthew in a legacy that makes us change the adoption of the law of the hate crimes that lead to his name that has been very important to address these issues here and I, traveling around the world I have been able to say that it is the trend before they did it in the United States perhaps some have been inspired by what we have done here with others to make sure that they understand the fundamental importance of taking into account these prejudiced and hate crimes are important even in those places where there are so many crimes that sometimes it is difficult to separate them it is not impossible but it is a challenge and one of the main problems that we are addressing in the government in the United States is how we can share our customs, our implementation with other countries in the world and we want to adopt laws against hate crimes because there are several measures that we have to take one is promulgating the law, of course but there is a greater challenge to educate the people who understand what it is to investigate the crimes correctly and to process them correctly Jason, maybe you can talk about what you think of this as citizens, defenders how can we advocate violence, well it is definitely important there has to be the political component first there has to be a law that can be fulfilled and that requires that all the elected that need to be defended racial, religious or sexual orientation or whatever that have a good representation in the decision system and that have allies in all institutions as they have in the United States and the civil society that defend them and then clear the problem of the fulfillment of the training of the process that people understand that it is not just that it is on paper that it is a living law that protects real people in real time and that often requires the capacity of the police, of the authorities of the tax authorities that understand how to achieve adequate and condemned processes and when you have all of that to give perhaps the most of the challenges that is to help the potentially victimized community to understand their rights their protections and what they can use, how they can count with the police and with the other organizations to protect them and that perhaps requires a lot of effort and a long term to change the social attitudes about homosexuality race, ethnicity or the problem that is in question and I think that there as citizens we can achieve the difference we can make that our voice is heard and demand that the police is not corrupted, that the tax authorities are not allowed to influence and that the system works in reality as it should work thank you we have a question of a television in Burundi that asks what measures would you recommend to the LGBT activists in Africa so that they can interest their government to establish laws and policies that protect the LGBT people special delivery and you have traveled to Africa what can you tell us? Well, first I would look for those allies and organizations that think as one that can advocate for change and then I would start to make contact with these people and friends of the government three countries in the last 14 months and one has gone to one where there was something receptive in the government that you would have willing to speak of course there is a lot of work to do there is a breach of knowledge even people who are honest and fair and who want equality but who have to understand what are the real challenges that are faced and that really understand the personal aspect the human aspect of this conversation and get out of there that there is great strength with the work and the common goals and that I think that where I think I have missed is where there is the idea of doing it alone there are many friends in this community in the whole world and I think we have to look for friends allies, establish these alliances and work together this question is for Jason Jason do you see the crime of Burt as a model that could follow other countries what role would they play in organizations like yours in that process I think that the Shepard-Burt law is the best law against hate crimes that could have been promulgated and signed in the year 2009 I think it could improve in the United States we still have quite unique problems the federal government has jurisdiction over the delictive behavior and that delictive behavior has to follow a series of very reduced categories with a series of clearly defined elements from other countries that have stronger unitary federal systems maybe the law would have a greater impact on the differences in the constitutions of those countries but having said that, it is a strong law it has very aggressive condemns for people sentenced to murder, rape rape, kidnapping and it is a starting point at least in any country I think now there is a question that comes from the embassy of Colombo the fear of the difference Michelle, maybe from the point of view of your personal interest and the fact that you tell the story yes, I will try actually there are so many people that fear that fear the differences and I don't understand why really, but as a storyteller I think there is great strength in the story the real story with another and dismantling those walls of fear and ignorance a story at the same time I think this is very powerful we have found that people could see Amat as an authentic person with their struggles with depression they saw him as a human being this allowed people to see him more complete I think it is a good example to achieve a real connection to really understand what really happened it is important to see how we are and that is why these stories are so important when you share your story allows people to see you as you are that share our experience I think it is important that you have some value and that has great power and I think it leads us to a stronger link and a stronger participation we have several questions that come, so please keep going from the city of Juarez we have the question of what message would you give to parents of LGBTI people to help people accept themselves and with Judy and Dennis Shepard what advice would you give to parents of LGBTI people well Shepards and we feel that parents have the maximum responsibility of this cycle of raising children and the important thing is to accept them and love them as they are if two people create another being they have the obligation to raise it to create it to help them be part of society and unfortunately in many cases this is not like that in a large number of families where there are LGBTI individuals and who are voted from their homes they leave them without homes without living without love and the important thing is that parents must give them permission to be perfect for their children LGBTI most of the parents want to help them and perhaps one of the most difficult things that happens is that they fear that they may do something wrong and because of too much chaos they don't do what is really needed and what is correct there are many resources the Matthew Shepard Foundation and many other organizations are easily found through Google and the important thing is that let them understand that you are living this for the first time to share with them just like they are living it for the first time that they have common interests common objectives and give them permission to do the best they can Michelle what has been the reaction of the parents of LGBTI children who have seen the movie and who obviously still fight with some of these doubts well, parents are an important part of our public and I was surprised but there are always mothers and fathers who give us support and who openly speak after many of them they feel very moved after seeing the story and they see perhaps a little their own story in the life of Matt recently we presented the movie here in Los Angeles with a group of mothers there that was before the Orlando and there was no doubt that they genuinely wanted to share with others their fear that their son had to live in a world where they could face the fear of violence simply for being who they are thank you, thank you let's see some questions on Twitter a question of a Twitter user in Iceland what can our society do to address the hate speech that leads to this type of hate crimes special guest Barry, do you want to tell us what you think well, I think there is a great difficulty with the negative messages that we see in so many countries in the world including my own country which is the one that gives the straw to make these results so difficult when I see these hate messages these hate speeches they are giving like a tacit support to those who would take measures it is a tacit implication that especially our young people that they are wrong that there is a sanction that they are wrong that they have the permission to treat them in a different way it seems to me that this goes hand in hand it seems to me that we have the responsibility as citizens, as leaders, as activists to make sure that we communicate correctly and that this message is never transmitted to our national dialogues of course it is easy to do but difficult to achieve I find that in many cases carried out by lack of understanding or the dynamic of all this indifference to the consequences in so many places and Jason do you want to tell us what is the link between the hate speech and the hate delights especially in the educational environments without a doubt these hate speeches are complex in the United States because there is such a strong protection for the freedom of expression in our government even so what we could do is establish social norms through our behavior and through the behavior that we are willing to accept or challenge when it comes to us I believe that as many other things it starts with individual options we have to decide affirmatively that we want to live in a free world of hate and then analyze our behavior in these words and see if we are fulfilling our values I do not like the cauliflower but I do not hate it because I have thought about what really means hate for so long and hate essentially is to take the worst out of one and throw it to everyone else and I believe that we should all make an effort to see what language we use when we feel frustration disillusionment we have to see if we are giving an example of love or hatred and when comfortably we do this we could calmly and compassionately ask others not to use this hate speech that we are in disagreement that we disapprove that we do not want to listen to that type of language and as many other things thousands of millions of us decided to do that and we understood work and we would all live in a much better world and it would not cost anything not a penny so we all have that power but we all have to do it together the relationships the networks the tone everything is the starting point thanks Jason now let's go back to Reykjavik we have had incredible questions keep going with LGBTI rights let's go back to Iceland Reykjavik, do you have any questions for our panelists? yes, I think so but just before listening to the question I wanted to say that I think that we are all moved by the question of Burundi and we want to tell you that we were a very homophobic society in Iceland but that they have changed things and when they start to change here it can happen we keep talking, we keep working we keep fighting because things are going to change but we do have a question Hello, my name is I am from my question why do you think that the media often do not want to talk about hate crimes and avoid transmitting the message thanks for your question I think the question was why do media sometimes avoid talking about hate crimes characteristic of the crime sent to special Barry yes, this is a big challenge that we often see in many countries not only it extends to the inability or the reluctance of the media to inform about the nature of the crimes but if you go a little deeper you find that that failure of the media is not transmitting anything that happens with the LGBT community or with the problems that affect the members of these communities in many places what we find are cartoons that are so insulting and that are a little anti-cronistic because at the end of the day I think that with so many other things and with so many individuals they take into account that they are talking about another human being of a human life and it seems to me that it is important that when we talk about this topic we must always remember whether through a story we have told or as Michelle and Dennis and Yuri have done what we have to do is that people understand the human part of this and keep talking about the fact that we are talking about a human life something totally abstract or an individual that has nothing to do with our lives and maybe Michelle, you could answer that question too in your movie you show some of the challenges that the media people face when they cover the murder of Matt and the fights that have been faced in this country trying to talk about these hate crimes something that you would like to share with us about this actually it is a difficult question and one that I think we are all trying to understand after the situation in Orlando especially I think there is a remuneration by the media to label a crime as a crime of hate simply because as a society it forces us to look inside and face these things so dark and so difficult in our lives and in the case of Matt and I think this is seen in the movie especially towards the end when I talk to the father Rogers at the end of the movie that faces the idea that the murder of Matt was not something that happened in a void it was promoted it was part of a society that taught them that it was allowed to hate and that is a very difficult idea to accept the idea that we are all guilty of what happened to Matt and that is something that I continue to fight and I am fighting with that now thank you Michelle we are back with Rey can I ask another question hello thank you for the movie really it moves me every time I see it in terms of education Michelle just mentioned that the two murderers perhaps had not been created in a better way and when we talk about the cultures there are different types of human beings and I don't know we have to live together it was not very good the quality of the audio but I think the question was about the educational system and the way that our educational system can contribute to these exclusion patterns and violence or on the other hand can help us unite and overcome that exclusion maybe Jason can talk about the best way to address those problems in schools and in society schools at least here in the United States have changed in terms of their point of view about receiving someone like Judy Shepard who comes to talk about the subject a few years ago the subject was taboo it was very difficult for the Shepards to get them to invite them in particular from a university they didn't want me to talk about the subject now even at the third or fourth grade to the children and we see that the school systems in certain parts of our country have accepted totally diversity and they want to actively welcome others who are different whether they are racial minorities ethnic in terms of their sexuality really many are looking for this knowledge actively they invited us to a school in Massachusetts not long ago it was the third grade who specifically invited Judy Shepard as the person they wanted to talk to but in many parts of the world even in many parts of the United States many people are very conservative in the educational system they are afraid to offend certain family parents they are also worried from a political perspective so we have the faculty to achieve that these ideas are accepted they are instilled in children ideas of tolerance but we have to look for the support of these other educational groups we have a group that sees us from barbarity if you have a question do you want to know if organizations in defense of LGBT rights and how we can achieve what they are talking about Randy has been looking to promote this dialogue how they have done it yes, I think the dialogue with the communities of faith absolutely fundamental as a key element of this process and in recent years I have been alarmed to see the community in which to be a person of faith is necessary to oppose the LGBT community and that if you are a member of this community you do not appreciate the communities of faith and I think that is a wrong concept I had the pleasure especially during the last year to see several organizations of faith very progressive that are raising their voices and that space even now they have not had to compete against other voices but now I am pleased to see that all these voices are emerging in many religious groups here in the United States little by little they are expanding their extension they are talking about these issues giving to know the fact that they welcome the LGBT people and in some parts it is very difficult to start these conversations but they have to start at the base level with the families, with the religious leaders of the communities it is easier to say what to do in some cases but I think it is a conversation that has to start from the base from what surrounds us and in terms of these efforts yes I think this is what will help us to change the world in my last work I worked on the conservation of the environment and the species and we worked with faith groups whose religious traditions included the obligation to take care of the planet and I think this is a model that can help us in this case the book of Peter Goens of Harvard University The Good Book in which he helps the reader understand how to interpret a biblical language that in some cases is used against our community and is doing a great job in this sense so that the different faiths understand that there is a different way to talk to people of faith who are committed to this change so that they push that dialogue between their community and this place to a broader conversation thanks we have a question from Ciudad Juárez what measures can schools and other educational institutions to end the attacks of homophobia against the members if the subject of bullying of the hatred and discrimination are different topics but connected they are a sequence perhaps of experiences in the life of a person at the beginning the school system when we interact with other children we can talk about kindness as value compassion, acceptance and the level of the vegetables at the beginning of the education we have the obligation to teach the children how to live in a world where there is diversity, pluralism and it is not simply trying to please small minorities but teach everyone that they have to live together that we have to overcome among all that we will have to live together so there are many programs against bullying many have very good elements in my part of the country we choose our employees of the educational system, that is very important also parents can be activists it is not just sending the child to the school is asking how was that day what did they learn what are the signs that there are positive social values that they are presenting that they are teaching because there may be an opportunity or some cases in which the teachers do harm and you have to take cards on the subject from the point of view of the policies of the institutions which are some of the tools or opportunities that we have to promote to avoid violence I think a very important aspect of this is again the bilateral relations and multilateral relations through organizations and there are several countries that are taking measures in this sense and a few weeks ago a meeting sponsored by UNESCO in Paris where many high level employees of different governments to deal with the bullying I talked about the subject of the LGBTI community with a call to action with several specific recommendations I can not enter into detail there is no time but I recommend you to consult these texts because it is spoken of the reform of the curricula of intolerance the harassment in schools of how the educational systems at a macro level I think these alliances in terms of education looking for educational reform looking to make the laws do something of great importance thank you we have another question from the city Juarez what would you recommend to those who want to comment on this maybe we can start with the foundation of you in terms of resources you have made very good questions to present or identify as LGBTI it can be a dangerous moment in the life of a young person and although we encourage them to do so they have to be sure to be prepared for the possibilities of what can happen sometimes parents say why did you take so long to tell me but in other cases they can be persecuted or they can put them in therapy to cure them so first you have to make sure to have the necessary support to be able to have an idea of how the reaction will be you have to be prepared to have other resources available if things are not going well you have to be sure the only advice I can give apart from this has to do with what I said before to give yourself permission to do certain things you have to give yourself permission to live in an imperfect world because if the experience is not good sometimes it is not good you have to be able to accept that sometimes injustices occur in our lives and we have an inner strength and we can overcome we have to blame ourselves for having said the truth no matter how others respond one must preserve his dignity and the conviction to identify as what we are has been the right thing we have some more questions we are going to ask some short answers by our panelists someone asks us how can we work together when we have different values and cultural norms Mr. Berry for you is a great question and the answer is that we dedicate ourselves to the principle of universal human rights we all have the right to equality and this is something that goes beyond the cultural values and the cultural norms we understand that it is a fundamental characteristic of the personality of the personal identity who see it as something radical but it is happening now we have to look only at a association of almost 30 countries that already exist part of a group in the United Nations or we can also see the leadership of the Latin American countries that have emerged as the leadership of the avant-garde in the conversation on human rights or also the transition of a conversation between countries typically from the north of Europe or from certain parts of the West and it is something that is changing rapidly we see a lot of change many new things from South America from Asia as well and this shows us what this really is a worldwide imperative a issue of human rights worldwide we have a question for you from El Salvador what do you think is the most important achievement of the Matthew Shepard Foundation well, first of all the fact that the United States now has a federal anti-delete law that includes the various sexual minorities I think it will be the great legacy of this organization and of Mati from his family I also know numerous thousands of people have sent letters to Judy Shepard or have participated in our events or have seen it on television and have declared their sexuality thanks to the work of Judy Shepard or due to the death of Matt Shepard and they are programs of this foundation that have changed individual lives of thousands of them and have achieved that these people can identify themselves and I think the legacy will be that these people have been able to accept their lives claim their lives and what has happened is that they have felt that they have the opportunity and the strength to do it thanks to the United States Embassy in El Salvador in San Salvador the case of Matthew Shepard helped change the perspective of the United States regarding the rights of LGBTI let's ask Michel without a doubt my vision of the world also of many of the heterosexual community as far as what was happening with the LGBTI community what were their struggles I think that's why it was such a historical moment in this country and many have theories about it but for some reason the murder of Matt opened our eyes as a society and as Jason said in such a eloquent way we have seen ramifications of that happening many years later regarding our legislation a new generation of activists that are learning now about the story of Matt Matt has changed the world really thanks for that answer we have time for one last question of someone who gives us from Guadalajara how can we avoid the hate crimes against the LGBTI population in Jalapa and in Puebla we have seen many such crimes how can we achieve a change special day Barry is a complex question I don't know if he can help us if it's an extraordinary challenge to seek to prevent this type of crime so horrible but it all begins with those basic steps that we have mentioned there has to be a disposition in the national right to take into account this type of attack and then it begins the difficult task of educating society and this requires a lot of dialogue with legislators with administrators government officials at all levels we also have to talk with the police departments they have to know the rights and obligations of the government in this sense but I think the most important aspect has to be the adoption of a legal framework that allows that there are punishments for those who attack others for hatred do you have anything to add if we have all the opportunity as people to do everything that is in our reach to protect us and in many communities in the United States when the police forces still felt hostile towards the LGBTI community they organized citizen patrols to make sure to have places where they were to save, to look for places where the staff sympathize with them where they could shelter if they had any fear so if we give the example of our society, of the type of protection that we are looking for, sometimes that gives them the idea that the official authorities can take the most serious issue thank you very much it seems that time is over for today, I want to thank all of you for your participation in our electronic conversation today I want to thank all of you for watching especially the most of 40 groups that come together from all over the world especially the group of Reykjavik, Iceland and our deepest thanks to our panel our guests who are here our guest here in the studio our guest at distance Mr. Barry, Jason, Michelle do you have any reflections to share before we conclude? I want to congratulate Michelle for a really beautiful documentary here at Dennis and Judy Sherper and her foundation to make sure that this great tragedy of 18 years ago was not the end of the story that the story of Massio is not just a tragedy but a change and that it will be how we can work all together to improve I think that we have seen as a reality in the years since his death and we will continue to see and see the great doubt in the United States seeing what has happened in these last days I think we can get out of this tragedy a way to continue to improve our society to strengthen us and join us more thank you very much special Barry Jason would you like to share some final ideas with us? Yes, well, there is a saying that I will probably destroy here but first they ignore it then they throw you then they criticize you and then the change is achieved and I think this is the way to achieve the change and all the great social changes have opposition and problems and it is easy to say keep it strong but it is more difficult to keep it strong but that is what we are going to have to do for this change or any change of social justice thank you Jason a good message at this moment of the pride station for giving us this opportunity to participate in an event like this an important topic like this it has been difficult moments here in the United States and I just wanted to say that even when it has been very depressing it has been tragic but what has inspired me and in a way has been what has happened with Matt is to see how many people have really demonstrated their love and their support to the LGBT community and the victims of the whole world and that they have committed with life, with pride and with authenticity and I think that is a very important message beautiful and it is the only thing we have to fight against this type of hatred and ignorance thank you very much Michelle Felix in Reykjavik do you have any ideas that you want to share thank you for this this fantastic presentation that has taught us so much we all feel very happy here one last thing I think we have learned here in Iceland that education is important education and more education thank you very much for a fantastic program thank you for sharing that with us and thank you all for contributing with your experience with your perspectives to this important conversation especially a celebration of the strength and resilience of the LGBT community that is so important today after the tragedy of Orlando the stories that we have heard today are proof of that resilience I attribute to all those who fight for human rights and the human dignity of everyone, whoever they are whoever they love many of the resources online have been shared in the chat space take advantage of them review them you can see a copy of this program immediately at the end with a recording that will appear on this page soon, so please share this with your friends and colleagues thank you very much for participating today and for keeping the dialogue open happy pride


What's up guys, we're gonna do another spodge problem today. We are going to do this thing called What was the problem actually? What was the problem? I don't actually remember what the problem is. Hold up Girls and boys.  So basically you want to arrange is a maximum number of students in the same gender that appear Consecrately yeah, the gender regularity is a maximum number of students of the same gender that appeared Consecratively so now you want to calculate the minimum gender regularity among all possible arrangements. Okay So this is actually just using the pigeonhole principle if you know what the prison pigeonhole principle is Basically it's saying that like If you have like n pigeons Excuse me, and there's m boxes, right and sooner or later you're gonna have at least one is gonna be Well, at least one is gonna be in the same box, right if you end pigeons and you're trying to fit m boxes Sooner or later one of them is gonna be in the same box if it's greater But yeah Yeah, I'll just show you guys how the code works because it's actually not that bad Basically, you're just gonna want to take the larger number and divide it by the smaller number plus one and Find the remainder of that and then yeah, that's pretty much it. That's all you have to do There's not much to it So let's actually go to the solution. So let's do this alright So here we have do while and I use a do while because they said end everything if both of them are equal to negative one Right, so I have my two numbers x and y I read them in If they equal to negative one both equal negative one, I'm gonna break and that would just end the program Otherwise, I need to check if they're equal to zero if they're equal both equal to zero then the answer is zero Because like you have zero boxes zero things. So you can't really do anything. You're gonna have zero Now if they're equal to each other well at that point All the girls and boys are gonna be in the same line. So it's the answers to be one You know, I could show you guys what I mean by that Imagine have g girls and b boys and basically I just want to make sure that they don't sit in the same row So like I don't want I want to have imagine we have Three girls and three boys, right? Well, if I do if I put them all on the same spot spot here The number of consecutive G's is three number consecutive B's is three and that's not what I want I don't want that. I want the minimum, right? I want a minimum consecutive. So instead what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna put GB GB GB right so in the end here the consecutive is always gonna be one right because there's not there's only one G that's In the same row as each other. There's only one B. That's consecutive, right? There's these change. They're not in the same same. You don't see two GGs, right? You don't see number these so that's why here the answer would just be One if they're both equal, right? If three is equal to three answer would just be one So that's what I have here. All right So anyway using the pigeon home principle if x is less than y first of all we need to swap the values We want to have the larger value first because I'm gonna do that here. All right So, yeah, we have we're gonna swap the values first All right now using the pigeon whole principle if I take x and I I'm gonna modify y plus one right, so I'm gonna divide it by it and If it's equal to zero right then I'm just gonna print out x divided by y plus one otherwise, I'm going to put the the Answer plus one and the reason why we do answer plus one is because at that point answer plus one or just be like the higher The upper more higher value of what it would be here. So that's what it would be like That's pretty much suggestive this if x not equal to negative one and y not equal to anyone then yeah But yeah, that's pretty much suggestive this problem The reason why we do this plus one is because this is like the ceiling we're using the ceiling I didn't feel like using the ceiling function. So it's better to do it this way But that's all you have to do for this problem Hope you guys enjoyed this video right come subscribe. This was the part of the next value of spodge. So yeah peace