Creating a standalone bibliography in Word using N-Note 20. In N-Note, select the record you would like to appear in your bibliography by holding down the Ctrl key on your keyboard and selecting those records. Next, select the References tab in the toolbar. Click on Copy Formatted Reference and open Microsoft Word. In Microsoft Word, use Ctrl V to paste the references. This will copy your records into Word in the chosen style as a plain text file. To save yourself time, you may want to sort the records alphabetically by author in N-Note before you copy and paste them into your Word document. Thank you. That is the end of this demonstration.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards and I'm ripping a personal for Justin S So you've got a 2022 pro-set metal football hobby as well as a 2022 Don Russ optic choice baseball box All right. Good luck. You're Justin. Thanks as always for hopping in. We're gonna start with your choice first First two choice boxes we opened yesterday each out of wonder auto First we have hollow of Cassianos Hollow rated rookie of Joe Barlow for the Rangers Got snakeskin green diamond kings of Brandon Crawford that is 78 out of 99 Cool color matching for the aids green snakeskin Nick Allen rated rookie 66 of 99 red for the Dodgers and the free 96 of 99 Got green red rookie Royce Lewis twins That one is 73 of 99 And KK rated rookie Reed Dettmer's six of 46 First auto up we have signature series Alejo Lopez for the Reds Signature series that one is not numbered And I've got nice color match here rated rookie Reed Dettmer's Angels nice red color match of this 63 of 99 Dettmer's and we've got 250 panini points here for you Justin It's the first time I've seen panini points come out of a choice First time wow All right, and now 2022 pro-set metal football hobby look for five more autos Oh Arizona, we've got green Phil Jerkovic 7 of 15 I've got silver wave of a mod garter nice Some sauce 7 of 40 Greetings from Phoenix Been there beautiful Beautiful city you've got purple of Corey Kenner kinder 24 out of 30 on the purple Got silver scope of David Bell David Bell 15 of 20. Well, Isaiah Spiller 24 of 30 Isaiah Spiller and last one we've got zebra of Bijan Robinson And zebra is sick. It's like a zebra cracked ice that is four out of five Nice low numbered one there for you Justin. All right, that'll do for your two boxes Congrats and thanks as always Justin for hopping in definitely appreciate it. We'll get these right out to you


Going to helicopter up for a moment and talk about impact investing and how it is we can actually be worthy of what we just saw here. I think impact investing has arrived at a very interesting moment of truth. Fascinating one, not the first on our journey and not the last. But because of the hard work of many people here and people not here, we're now at the next test of our skill, of our courage and our character. Four years ago, I opened the first conferences in 2008, a couple of weeks after Lehman Brothers fell. It was a scary time and I nevertheless argued passionately about the promise of impact investing, which was a new term, if not a new practice. And I slowed this slide. I argued that impact investing and the emergence of impact investing was locked into the system. The new consumers, the new investors, the generation change we've actually just seen here meant something like impact investing was going to emerge. The question is would it take off and how quickly could it take off? We then published this report just a few months later laying out a whole strategy for how the industry could emerge, how disconnect that entrepreneurial actors could become a scale coherent marketplace. So what happened? We know, as Kevin just suggested, there has been an uptake in capital. You'll notice this is one of many studies recently about how much money is being put in. You'll see the steepness of the curve in the last five years. So in one sense there has been some take off and you can see actually on the supply side with ideas and players and the intermediary structure and the infrastructure and early concepts beginning to take place. There is starting to be the shape of a marketplace that wasn't true when Socap launched four years ago. At the same time, Anthropy has also been going to reorganize. Many of you know about the Giving Pledge that Warren Buffett and Bill Gates announced really only two and a half years ago. It succeeded quite quickly and Philanthropy is organizing around some of these mega donors and restructuring ways. It'll be very hard to know what it will mean in the years to come. But it's not at all surprising that many of them, entrepreneurs that they are, are starting to be very interested in impact investing and we'll see what happens. So in one sense it's a moment of great promise that we face here for the around and been building this. You know it's been hard work to get to this point. Some of you it's new. It is a very interesting moment. But the verdict is very much still out about whether impact investing really will take off. Whether in fact the marketplace that's been organized will actually capture and create value. I also showed this slide four years ago. And it's worth just pausing for a second about the risks that have to be negotiated now even more than four years ago. I argue and I would argue still that we have the danger of impact investing being too hard that actually they'll be capital ahead of investable deals that it will cost, it will be difficult to do, it will be very costly to do. These things are all clear and remain so. But it's also true that it's too easy to do. It's too easy for anybody to call themselves an impact investor with no discipline about what impact they're actually having. So we actually have these two things going on at the same time and they're both really quite visible. They're both happening at the same time. The risks that have to be navigated to make it through this moment. And in fact one could argue, and I've heard people argue it, that we actually face the risk of a bubble. There's so much enthusiasm and interest and excitement about this new thing called impact investing, which is in many ways of course not at all new, just rebranded in effect for a new moment and a new time. But we have these things. Do we have a problem? Yeah. We have a problem with your microphone so I'm just going to put a new one on you. All right. I'll just hold it. Sure. Is that okay? Yeah. Okay. I'm sorry. I can't hear or see very well from up here. So what I'm saying is that actually part of the moment of truth is that we have to negotiate these risks smartly and well and with rigor about building the infrastructure has been built some, the metrics and the organizations and the intermediaries, but it still has a long way to go. We still have to get the balance of the supply side and the demand side in place because if we get this wrong, the disappointment will be so great behind the excitement that it may take a generation to recover. And so this really needs to be negotiated. So in one sense, what we're facing is actually quite normal. This is one of my favorite images, the sigmoid curve. It's the image of life. Life waxes at Wayne's. It's our lives, our relationships, our businesses, our products, our industries, our movements. Fortunately, it's not the whole story. The secret of life is always starting the next curve before the one you're on goes down. You notice, I believe that impact investing is actually in this messy middle space in between the first stage of its evolution in the last few years and the one that's emerging now that's going to be very much focused on implementation and execution and rigor. You notice that the curve goes down before it goes up. We have to continue to be willing to take risks and make mistakes to do the right thing, even if we don't know how to do it well yet, so that we can propel this right up. There's a lot of people waiting and sitting there waiting for impact investing to fail. They're from all sides of the ideological spectrum. And the marketplace may be organized, but it has not scaled yet. And the real test lies ahead, which to me means, will there be a net inflow of capital to drive impact and social change? Will there be innovation that happens that would not happen just from philanthropy or markets that happen in the magic in between? Now, the thing that I'm up here to do is to tell you that part of getting up this next curve is actually reliant on philanthropy in a way that I'm not sure that we realized fully four years ago or over this period of time. The headline is this, impact capital alone will not unlock the potential of impact investing. Truly realizing the impact requires more philanthropy, not less. This is the headline from the report that Monitor published. And actually, I'm glad to be given some credit for that at Monitor Institute. It's my dear colleagues at Monitor Inclusive Markets, along with Acumen Fund funded by the Bill and the Glades Foundation. I was privileged to serve as an advisor for this report, but I just can't say enough about the spectacular work that they did to put a highlight on some of what is going to be needed to get us through this moment of truth, I believe, for impact investing. Now, as we heard in the design sessions, there is going to be a great panel and a great workshop on this topic. Actually, not right now, but this afternoon. And so I invite you all to come and learn much more about it. I'm just going to give you a couple of the headlines. This is the basic model that the report deals with. It's very familiar to any of us who've ever started at Enterprise. I think most of the people who are up here would be over there in the blueprint stage or maybe in the starting to validate stage of their ideas. Early on, where you have to have the hoods, but you have an idea and you start to test it, that's very different from what you have to do to get ready to scale it and very different still from actually scaling it. As we know, all these stages are tremendous amount of hard work. Impact investing at scale is very focused on the win-win at the end of this, the commercial opportunities that also drive great impact. But we can't get those, there's no cheap grace. We can't get to them without first doing a lot of things to get ready for that. And this is what the report calls the pioneer gap. The gap in funding, the starved capital that the starving that is going on to actually move through these stages, especially in serving underserved markets. Where basic infrastructure needs to be built, where capacity needs to be built. Philanthropy has many roles to play in filling in this pioneer gap. It's not easy to do and that is part of what the workshops are going to be about because of course, subsidy in the wrong places is a very bad thing. And therefore, what we need are the pioneers such as the ones on this page. Many of them will be at this panel from Shell and Midyar and Gates and the others that have been learning a great deal and are ready to share what they've learned about how to do this. And in what the report labels, enterprise philanthropy. Philanthropy that needs to go side by side with making markets work. What I think is so exciting about this to me is that to me the holy grail is that we all learn to look at what is the problem we're trying to solve. And then we look at what is it going to take to solve that problem. Whether it's government philanthropy markets and what ways they have to work together and that we leave behind our old assumptions, our old lenses, our old ideologies in fact. To say what does it need to do to roll our sleeves up and solve that problem. To me that's the future and these pioneers are beginning to show us the way with great courage.  It's about the system we're all working in which is broken and in crisis and headed down. I believe that deeply. I think it's only a question of how long. We're all here because we are building that next curve. We refuse to believe that capitalism cannot serve the billions of people that it hasn't yet served. We refuse to believe that we cannot invent ways of growing and addressing poverty without destroying the planet. But this is a messy space we're in. We're in a time between times and it's gonna take great courage and great conviction and great commitment for a very long time. This is the work of this century. Impact investing is part of that. That's why I'm here. I'm here for ideas and to meet people and for inspiration. Because like the poet Mary Oliver, I want to make room in my heart for the unimaginable. That's the only way we'll get up that curve. I know you're here for that too. Let's have a great conference.


Ie. Mae'n bwysig, ben y gallwch yn ei坐r yn myfio i ddiweddolol. Arfod â'i pobciiad o'r ei casd, mae'n ni wneud ar mewn gwneud fy ffordd, Ysgrif Weinidog a'r yn sicr yn ei cyd-dianne. Rhyw sy'n dechrau i fynd i'r pryd Llyfrân. Yn fynd i'r bwer, rthym ni'n ei cyd-dianne i'r Grif Weinidog. Mae'n dwi'n arddangos ysgrif Weinidog yn 5.000 ydy chydaf, nôib mor specifiedo ar placehum bwysig, fel y rhaid i fwysig iddyn ni'r Not raining-f東 dindod, ddartog, oedryöge'r wneud fel gyllig y Gerddoriaeth neu'r Unig Caerdydd seuddo sy'n gweld iawn mi treinio ar gyfer mynedd yna, beth rydych chi icin св Canton? rhaiwng, ac mae hwn yn gwneud i gael i ddweudio'r rhaiwng, ond rhaiwng i ddweudio'r rhaiwng i ddweudio'r rhaiwng, ond ond ond yn ddweudio'r rhaiwng, provided that the pressures were on the national health service. Morhefyd, gael i ddweudio'r rhaiwng, mae'n ogymell i ddyneblu, ond ond o'rurance the best medicine that we have published most recently we are starting to see tentative signs of improvement as a result of the actions that we are seeing. In the most recent quarter, for example, we saw an increasing number of first outpatient appointments and we saw a slight reduction in those waiting over 12 weeks. Similarly with the treatment time guarantee we saw an increasing number of patients seen. This is challenging for the national health service. It cannot be otherwise given the that is making its presence felt. But the government is supporting health boards to ensure that that recovery happens and as part of that those waiting the longest for treatment are seen as quickly as possible. Douglas Ross. The question was straightforward, there were 648 patients last year weaking longer than two years for treatment, what is it now? The answer the first minister y ffordd y First Minister nid oedd oedd oedd 10,613 oeddennig oedd yn Ysgolffin, sy'n ei wneud o'r cyfleoedd o'r NHS. Y First Minister oedd o'r pryd yn cyfnodol, ac mae'r ddaf 16-fold yn y ffordd yn y rhan. Mae hyn yn y Rhefn oedd y NHS, mae'r cyfrifwyr yn gwneud. Mae ydych chi'n gweithio'r cyfrifwyr, ac mae'n gweithio'r Ysgolffin. Now we are hearing of heart patients being given appointments two years down the line. Reports today state people are receiving appointment dates in July 2024. Is that acceptable? In terms of the particular case cited in the media today, no, I do not think that it is acceptable I know that a review of that particular appointment, which is a follow-up outpatient appointment, not a first outpatient appointment, is being undertaken in contact with the patient will be made. It is the case that waiting times generally and those waiting an unacceptably long time for treatment has increased over the past year. I am afraid that that is the impact of a global pandemic. We have over the past year seen further waves of Covid that has had a big impact on the number of treatments that can be done in a national health service. As infection control measures have had to be tightened up and, of course, as a number of staff have themselves had Covid and been off sick, that is an impact that countries across the UK, countries across Europe and the world are finding themselves at the moment. That is why we are investing so heavily. We have record numbers of staff working in our national health service up considerably just in the last year and up by almost 30,000 since this Government took office. That is why we are investing specifically in the recovery plan. Although those are tentative signs, it is encouraging that we are starting to see some of the improvements that I narrated in my earlier answer. Although I am responsible, as is the health secretary in the Government for NHS Scotland, it is the case that in very challenging circumstances, whether we look at A and E or waiting times more generally, we see through the efforts of staff in NHS Scotland the work that is being done. For example, in Scotland, per 1,000 of the population, there are 101 patients waiting—those are the most recent statistics. In England, there are 112 per 1,000 and in Wales, there are 221. That does not excuse the performance in Scotland. We have a responsibility to tackle that, and that is exactly what we are doing. The First Minister says that things are encouraging. How encouraging must it be for that heart patient to get a letter telling her to wait another two years to be seen? As expected, the First Minister speaks about the pandemic. I have a constituent in Lossie who has been waiting four and a half years from first being seen by his doctor to getting the operation that he needs. Four and a half years is far longer than the pandemic. In fact, it is pretty much an entire parliamentary term. The longer and longer waiting times are a problem across every area of Scotland's NHS. Twice as many Scots are waiting over three months for key diagnostic tests compared to last year. This morning, the president of the Royal College of Radiology, Jeanette Dixon, said that, for every four-week delay to diagnosis of cancer, your risk of dying increases by 10 per cent. First Minister, those are her words, so people are deteriorating. Cancers are growing. Sometimes, they are becoming incurable. More often, patients are having to have more devastating treatment, treatment with bigger side effects that has a bigger impact on their quality of life for the same outcome. If our NHS is currently in this position, how bad is it going to be by winter when so many more people need treatment? Will you act now instead of waiting for the crisis to strike like you did last year? That is not what we did last year. What happened last year is that we had further waves of the Covid pandemic, similar to countries across the world. Of course, I am going to mention the pandemic. There is not a health service literally on the face of the planet that has not had to deal with the impacts of a pandemic. Anybody looking at this reasonably understands that. Before the pandemic, we were seeing progress. For example, before the pandemic, the number of outpatients waiting for a first appointment had reduced by more than 20 per cent. Over the same period, the numbers waiting over 12 weeks had fallen by more than 30 per cent. We were seeing an increase in the number of inpatient and day-case treatments carried out. The pandemic clearly had an impact. At the start of the pandemic, we paused all but the most urgent treatments on the national health service. The health service here, as in other countries, is having to recover and catch up, and that is what it is doing. We are starting to see some tentative signs of progress, and we will continue to support the national health service. On the Wild College of Radiologists report, which is an important piece of work, let me first of all set some context, because this is important. Since this Government took office, there has been a 95 per cent increase in the consultant oncologist workforce. There has been a 63 per cent increase in the consultant radiologist workforce. As the report acknowledges, recruitment within those professions is challenging nationally and globally. It has made more challenging by Brexit, it has to be said. However, we are working with health boards on new approaches to maximise the capacity. As the Royal College of Radiologists report also says, the increasing use of imaging networks in Scotland is going from strength to strength. Those are challenges that are inescapable given what we have lived through in the past two years, but this Government continues to get on with supporting the national health service to recover and to deliver for patients. The First Minister does not like Opposition politicians stating that the Covid pandemic cannot be blamed for everything. Therefore, will she listen to the president of the Royal College of Radiology, genetics, and this morning again said this? It is not the pandemic that has caused the shortage, the pandemic has laid bare the shortages that were there before. It is also exasperated the shortage because of diagnostic backlogs. That is from clinicians who are speaking to the Government right now, saying, do not use these excuses. It is clearly problems that have been built up for years and years. Last winter, we saw the NHS battle from crisis to crisis. Our ambulance service in any department struggles so much with patient demand that our United Kingdom armed forces had to step in. This year, we are not even close to winter and the situation is far worse. Scottish patients are being sent to England for treatment that they cannot get here. The First Minister looks puzzled. We have spoken to Alan Turner, a 70-year-old from Kelso. He was referred for new replacement in October. He was told that he would have to wait up to three years to get that new replacement on the NHS in Scotland. Or he could go to England for private treatment paid by Scotland's NHS. He reluctantly agreed to travel south and he was successfully operated on. Then, when he returned to Scotland, he tried to get essential aftercare and physiotherapy locally and he was told that he could not for months. Alan is now back to square one. He cannot even bend his knee. He will need to endure the painful wait for treatment all over again. While it is welcome that we can rely on services across our United Kingdom in times of need, should people like Alan really need to go to England for treatment in the first place? I am happy to look into individual cases, but in general terms that is a mischaracterisation of the position. I point out to Douglas Ross again that, while I do not shy away from the challenges in NHS Scotland, which are my responsibility, waiting times are worse in England than they are in Scotland. Accident and emergency waiting times are worse in England than they are in Scotland. Accident and emergency departments that were mentioned by Douglas Ross are the best performing anywhere in the United Kingdom, although performance needs to improve. Let me come to the specific point that Douglas Ross shared. I am happy to look at any more information that is available. When someone is waiting on the NHS and is waiting too long for treatment, if it is possible for NHS Scotland at NHS Scotland's expense to access treatment in the independent sector, it will do that in the interests of the patient. Sometimes there are agreements in place between Scotland and other parts of the UK for more specialist treatment and they work in both directions. However, in terms of standard, this patient from what Douglas Ross has said has not gone to NHS England for treatment. We have paid for treatment in the independent sector, so they are treated more quickly than they would be otherwise. That is what happens. While we continue to invest in the improvement of waiting times on NHS Scotland, we will continue to address those challenges, invest and support record numbers of staff in our national health service and get on with that job. When Nicola Sturgeon became First Minister, 6,200 children and young people were on a mental health treatment waiting list. 25 per cent were waiting over the target of 18 weeks, and 221 have been waiting over a year. That number is now over 10,000 on a waiting list, 44 per cent waiting over 18 weeks and over 1,300 waiting over a year. Those failures have consequences, and here is just one. A mother contacted me about her son. He was diagnosed with autism 10 months ago but was told that he would have to wait to see a psychiatrist before medication could be prescribed. He is still waiting. In that time, his condition has become worse, and he is begging for the medication, in his words, to sort out my head. He is eight years old. First Minister, why does an eight-year-old have to suffer with no support for almost a year? He should not, and I am not going to say that that is acceptable. In mental health treatment, as in the NHS more generally, we are investing in order to support health boards and deliver the treatment catch-up with the impact of the pandemic. We are seeing signs of improvement. I can again cite the most recent statistics that were published just this week. In the most recent quarter, we saw the highest ever recorded number of children and young people starting treatment in CAMHS services. That was 7.7 per cent up from the previous quarter, and a 20 per cent increase from the same quarter in the last year. We also saw an increase in the number of CAMHS patients starting treatment within 18 weeks of referral. There is still considerable work to do, but the reforms that we are making within mental health treatment services are starting to deliver that improvement. We have also increased investment, so if you look at expenditure specifically on CAMHS since 2019-20, we have increased that by almost £80 million. That is a 14 per cent increase. Overall, mental health expenditure has risen by almost 9 per cent. Those are tough challenges. Nobody says otherwise. We cannot magic away as much as we would all love to the impact of a pandemic, but we are supporting the health service to recover from the pandemic and to see more patients more quickly. That work will continue with the focus that it needs and deserves. As much as the First Minister might want to try and blame the pandemic, she cannot blame the pandemic for this one. That happened before Covid. Let me give her the stats. Between November 2014 and March 2020, waiting lists increased by over 5,000. The numbers waiting over 18 weeks more than trebled, and those waiting over a year increased from just over 200 to nearly 1,000 before Covid-19. However, those statistics do not show how broken the system is. I was contacted by another mother, whose son was seen after waiting 18 months. His treatment made a difference but ended in June last year. His condition started deteriorating by August, and he was put back on a waiting list. Despite reporting suicidal thoughts, he is still waiting 11 months on. After waiting months already, why does a 14-year-old who has been referred, who has been seen and who is now reporting suicidal thoughts, have to start from the beginning again? I am not going to comment on individual cases. I am of course always happy to look at individual cases if they are sent to me. In terms of the treatment that young people are entitled to expect when they come forward to CAMHS services, one of the other things that has been done in recent times is the publication of the national CAMHS service specification, which sets out clearly levels of service. That is backed by £40 million of additional investment, and we are investing in more staff, but reforming the way mental health services for young people work. Where young people need specialist services, they should be available, which is why the improvements that I have talked about in my earlier answer do not go far enough, but are important. It is also the case that we are trying to build up and are building up more community-based services so that fewer young people need to be referred to specialist services. For example, we have employed or supported the employment of counsellors in all secondary schools to support young people on an early intervention basis. We will continue to take the steps to invest in mental health services, but also to reform mental health services so that they become more preventive and operate on an earlier intervention basis. I have stood here on many occasions and talked about those issues. In particular, we were seeing significant challenges before the pandemic, which is why much of the investment that I have talked about has been happening. Partly that is because more and more people, as the stigma of mental health reduces, more and more young people are coming forward for help. That is something that we should encourage and be positive about, but it makes it all the more important that the investments and reforms that I am talking about here happen and continue. That is exactly what the case will be. Two cases that I have cited are not individual cases. They are a demonstrate of a wider systemic problem. If mental health services are going to be taken seriously, we need reform of the referral and triad system, a mental health professional in every GP practice and young people in every primary and secondary school need to have access to face-to-face mental health services. Those are solutions, but all the First Minister has done again today is offer year after year with warm words. In 2015, Nicola Surgeon said that waiting times were too long. In 2016, she said that there were far too many children whose needs were unmet. In 2017, she said that long waits are unacceptable. In 2018, she said that there is more work to do. In 2019, she again said that long waits are unacceptable. In 2020, she admitted that there had not been enough preventative and early intervention services before Covid. In 2021, she again said that long waits are always unacceptable. We have heard the exact same script all over again today. Why does Nicola Surgeon think that it is acceptable to use the same hollow words year after year for eight years, while nothing changes, families are left to suffer and kids are left to pick up the pieces on their own? That is not the case. What we see with mental health treatment is more people coming forward for treatment. More people are being seen for treatment, but we are building services. So Anasawa has put forward what he describes as solutions. He has not said anything today that is not already being done and happening. For example, we are right now recruiting 800 additional mental health workers for A and E departments, GP practices, police station custody suites, prisons. We are funding 1,000 additional staff to be in community mental health to build resilience there and ensure that every GP practice does have access to a mental health and wellbeing service. We are recruiting 320 additional staff and child and adolescent mental health services. We already see CAM staff at a record high. All of that is being done. More people are coming forward, but we are seeing more people treated. The fact that I mentioned in my first answer, which Anasawa has glossed over, is that, in the figures published this week for the most recent quarter, we saw a record high number of children and young people seen by CAM's services. Progress is being made because of the investments and because of the policies that we are introducing. Is there much more work to be done? Absolutely there is, which is why we are going to get on and do it. I move to constituency and general supplementaries. I call Kenneth Gibson. First Minister, yesterday's stagecoach announced plans to withdraw the X-34 and X-36 bus services from Addrossan to Glasgow via beef from 17 July. The loss of the vital link means beef, a town of 6,000 with no railway station, will be left entirely without a bus service to Glasgow. This out-of-the-blue decision will detrimentally affect the livelihoods of many constituents wholly dependent on the bus for travel to work, hospitals and higher education, or for the facilities and amenities that are only available in a city, whilst increasing the social isolation of those who visit other parts of Ayrshire. That is in a week when North Ayrshire County was... Can I have a question, please, Mr Gibson? Sorry. I will go straight to the question. What steps will the First Minister take to ensure that stagecoach, which received £88.2 million of taxpayers' money last year, reverses its short-sighted and hugely damaging decision, which also adversely impacts on the Scottish Government's policy of encouraging the use of public transport? Well, those are important issues for people in Ayrshire, and Kenny Gibson is right to raise them. I am disappointed to hear that stagecoach is withdrawing the services that Kenny Gibson has just talked about, and I would certainly encourage them to look again at this. Of course, stagecoach is a private company, and those are decisions that they are taking on a commercial basis. In Government, we support the network with almost £100 million through the network support grant, and that includes support to stagecoach for local bus services. The Scottish Government also provides funding to local authorities to subsidise socially necessary bus services. I would encourage stagecoach and Strathclyde partnership for transport to work together to ensure that connectivity is protected in this area for all the very good reasons that Kenny Gibson outlines. Liam Kerr Bids to be one of the two Scottish free ports are starting to fly in and more are imminent. He's got herald a huge economic boost as we look to recover from the pandemic. However, thanks to the disir and delay of the Scottish Government, we are significantly behind the rest of the UK, especially the likes of Red Car and Thames. Does the First Minister agree that the free ports project shows what can be achieved when both Scotland's Governments work collaboratively? Does she welcome the UK's injection of £52 million to ensure that those projects get going in Scotland? I hate to be the one to break it to Liam Kerr, but had we gone with the UK Government timescale on this, we would have had significantly less money to invest in green ports in Scotland. It's only because of the negotiation of this Government of Cape Forbes in particular that it has ensured that we are getting funding on a par with free ports in England, but also that we are able to have environmental considerations and, crucially—I know that this is not something that the Tories particularly like—fair work considerations in the green port model in Scotland. We have come to an agreement with the UK Government after a lot of work on the Scottish Government's par, and of course that process is now under way. The intimidating behaviour that is witnessed outside the Sandofford clinic in Glasgow appears to be escalating. On May 12, the First Minister offered support to councils who would introduce bylaws to establish buffer zones at abortion clinics. On May 13, after asking what Glasgow City Council could do in that regard to address those escalating issues, I was told to direct my inquiries to the relevant ministerial working group. First Minister, it appears that local and national government are at an impasse. I am aware that long-term planning is under way, but in the short term we need solutions to protect those women. If the Scottish Government believes that the only publicly available legal option is that, just an opinion, will it reiterate in writing its offer of support to councils and do so before the summit later in the summer? I will do that very openly today. I am happy to put that in writing as well, but this is a pretty public way of doing it. There are legal complexities around this and it does not help anybody for me to pretend that there are not. These are complexities that local authorities and indeed national government want to work through. My preference is that we would be able to legislate nationally in order that there is a consistency of approach in that. We know that there is a forthcoming Supreme Court case sparked by legislation in Northern Ireland, which will undoubtedly have an impact on the legal framework here, but I am very clear on what I want to do. In the meantime, I want to work with local authorities to see what more can be done to protect women accessing sexual health services, including abortion services. I find what is happening outside hospitals and outside the Sandofer completely and utterly unacceptable. Let me make that clear. The summit that I have committed to convening will happen this month, and that will bring together a range of interests here, including local authorities, including the police, who of course operate independently, but there is legislation around antisocial behaviour that may also have an impact or a relevance here. Let me repeat my commitment to find solutions here and to find them as quickly as possible. Lastly, I repeat my call to those who want to protest against abortion to come and do it outside this Parliament where the laws are made and leave women alone and stop trying to intimidate them. Michelle Thomson, this week's OECD forecasts have shown that the UK is set to have the lowest growth of every G20 economy, apart from sanctioned Russia. That is a direct result of a Tory Brexit and will regrettably have a direct impact on Scotland, given that the majority of key economic levers reside with Westminster. Does the FM share my concern about UK Government mismanagement and will our independence prospectus help the public to understand why it is critical that those economic levers are controlled by Scotland for the benefit of Scotland? I do, and I completely understand why the Tories are shifting quite as uncomfortably in their seats right now, because we knew last week that, largely because of the folly of Brexit, the UK already has the highest rate of inflation of all G7 countries. I think that the rate of inflation in the UK is about double the rate of inflation in France right now. As of this week, we have the quite unbelievable situation that the OECD forecasts, suggesting that economic growth in the UK next year will be the lowest in the OECD, with the sole exception of Russia, which right now is rightly subjected to global sanctions. That is the impact of Brexit, that is the impact for Scotland of being part of the UK. If the Tories want to argue that as a union dividend, then all I can say is good luck with that. Rather than being subject to Westminster control, we can choose a better future as an independent, outward-looking country with power over the full range of economic levers to build a better Scotland. The prospectus for an independent Scotland will set out the deficiencies of being governed by Westminster, and it will point to small independent countries across Europe, who, with the powers of independence, are doing so much better than the UK, and that should be the inspiration for Scotland. Stephen Kerr. Presiding Officer, yesterday we heard yet again about the impact of the SNP's financial incompetence. It seems appropriate to ask this question following that last one. Public services, facing drastic spending cuts in areas including education, local authorities and the police. Does the First Minister agree with the Scottish Police Federation that the spending review has been good for criminals? First Minister. No, I don't. Of course, this Government has supported more police officers and we have one of the lowest rates of recorded crime in this country since, I think, 1974—a 41 per cent reduction in recorded crime since this Government took office. I am delighted that the Tories keep getting up in this chamber and elsewhere and talking about public spending, because it gives me the opportunity to remind them, to remind the chamber and to remind everybody across Scotland that the amount of money that Parliament has to spend is largely decided by Tories at Westminster. That is what is wrong with the situation this year. This year, a budget that is lower in real terms by more than 5 per cent and is projected to continue to be constrained notwithstanding the rate of inflation hitting 10 per cent. The sooner this Parliament, this Government is in charge of its own finances and get them out of the hands of Tories at Westminster with independence, the better. Funding for the Scottish Personal Assistance Employers Network has been withdrawn by the SNP Government. That is the organisation that helps disabled people to pay for their personal assistance, who in turn provide care and support for disabled people to enable them to retain their independence. The immediate consequence of this closure, which is happening today, is that more than 500 personal assistants will not be getting paid this week. I have seen the emails between the Government and the organisation and I am appalled, frankly, at the lack of understanding by the minister and his officials. No alternative has been suggested and this crisis for disabled people is entirely the fault of this Government. You have the power to do something about it. It is about independence, the independence of disabled people in Scotland. What urgent action will the First Minister take to halt this impending crisis? Become aware of this issue today, I am asking Kevin Stewart, the relevant minister, to meet with the organisation as a matter of urgency. There are a number of complexities here, which I will not go into now, but I want to see a solution found and the best way of moving things forward is to facilitate that discussion as quickly as possible. To ask the First Minister whether she will provide an update on work to close the attainment gap. The Scottish Government remains committed to tackling the poverty-related attainment gap, evidence, of course, by our increased investment in the Scottish attainment challenge of £1 billion up by £250 million from the last parliamentary term. Progress is being made. We can see that, for example, in the record high proportion of full-time first-degree entrance to university coming from the 20 per cent most deprived areas of Scotland in 2020-21. There is, however, more to do. The challenge has, of course, been exacerbated by the pandemic, which is why we continue to support headteachers through pupil equity funding and why, of course, we are funding all 32 local authorities to develop strategic approaches, including setting their own aims for progress. First Minister, you stated in 2015 that the excellence in education is essential to our prosperity, competitiveness, wellbeing and to our overall success as a nation. Despite that laudable ambition, your Government's spending review cut the education last week by 5 per cent in real terms. Spending on children and families is set to be slashed in real terms by £15 million, on skills and training by £23 million, and on higher education and student support by £30 million. First Minister, have you completely abandoned your promise to make education your top priority? Before I come on to what this Government is doing, let me remind the member what the calculation of real terms depends on. It is the rate of inflation that determines whether something is increasing or decreasing in real terms. Let me remind her, in real terms this year, the total Scottish Government budget has declined by more than 5 per cent in real terms. The rate of inflation, of course, in the UK, thanks to the UK Government policy decisions, including Brexit, is the highest of any G7 country double the rate of inflation in France. Perhaps a bit of self-reflection might not go amiss on the part of the Conservatives. The spending review is not a budget. It allocates, over the next few years, the funding that we have available. Do I hope that funding envelope increases? Yes, I do, but, again, unfortunately, that depends on decisions taken by the UK Government. It is not my choice that this Parliament is dependent on Westminster decisions. That is the choice of unionists across this chamber. Let me come back to education. Education budgets have been increasing, and the final point that I would make in this context is the most important point. We are increasing the funding for the Scottish attainment challenge to £1 billion, up £250 million from the amount that we invested in the last parliamentary term. That commitment remains, and that commitment is strong, notwithstanding the hurdles that are put in our way by the Tories at Westminster. Willie Rennie. In 2016, with a tear in our eye, the First Minister said that she wanted all young people to have the same advantages as her. She put her neck on the line for education. Now the word barely passes her lips. She promised to substantially eliminate the attainment gap in a decade. Now her Government says that it would be top-down in arbitrary to set such a date. We have the First Minister setting a date, and the Education Secretary saying that it would be wrong to set a date. The Government is all over the place on education. However, young people want to know why she has given up on them and closing the attainment gap by 2026. Let me quote from the manifesto commitment of the 2016 election that the Scottish Government would support the substantial closure of the attainment gap by 2026. I stand by that. That remains the policy and the objective of the Government. Of course, we are seeing progress. I am always very mindful of the fact that I was the first member of my family to go to university. I am particularly mindful of that when a Liberal Democrat is questioning me because I benefited from free tuition. Something that this Government continues to protect and something that the Liberal Democrats of course have a shameful record on. That is why, while there is still work to do, I am so proud of the fact that we are meeting our targets in terms of improving the numbers from the most deprived community going to university. Something that the commissioner for fair access to university described last week as an unambiguous success. We will continue to get on with the job, building on the progress. Willie Rennie questions that. That was the independent commissioner for fair access describing our achievements in access to university from young people from the most deprived communities. To ask the First Minister, in light of reported findings from the children's charity Aberlore that over £1 million is owed in school meal debt, whether the Scottish Government will provide an update on its plans to expand universal free school meal provision in order to support families struggling with the cost of living crisis? I am aware of the Aberlore report, which indicates that over £1 million in school meal debt is owed across Scotland, while the data in the report is incomplete. From December last year, I have asked Scottish Government officials to look more deeply into the issue. Scotland's offer of universal free school meals at this stage to all primary 1 to 5 pupils and those in special schools is the most extensive universal offer in the entirety of the UK and provides around £400 of support per pupil to families. In addition, we have continued to support eligible families during school holidays, and we will work with partners and local authorities over the coming months in preparation for the further planned expansion of free school meals. I thank the First Minister for her response. It is concerning that, at this time arising costs, that families with school pupils have been chased for debts by councils. Does the First Minister agree with me that local authorities should write off this debt? Households right across the country are facing a Tory exacerbated cost of living crisis, which is pushing up food prices, and we know that those in the lowest incomes are hardest hit. I am deeply uncomfortable, as any decent person should be, with families being pursued for debt for school meals, especially in the economic climate that exists right now. I am very sympathetic to calls for this debt to be written off and as part of what I have asked officials to do is to look at that. It should be said that local authorities usually write off school meal debts for families, but, as I have said, I have asked Scottish Government officials to talk with COSLA about what more can be done. Local authorities also have flexibility to offer free school meals to families who do not meet eligibility criteria, but are experiencing financial hardship. I encourage anyone who thinks that they have become eligible for free school meals to apply as soon as possible. To ask the First Minister what changes have been made since the 2018 report by the Children and Young People's Commissioner regarding concerns about the restraint of children in schools. Working closely with partners, including the Children and Young People's Commissioner, through the physical intervention working group to develop new human rights-based guidance to address the concerns raised in the report and minimise the use of restraint and seclusion in schools. I can advise the Chamber that we will consult on draft guidance later this month. I thank the First Minister for that answer. Freedom of Information requests suggest that 3,000 children in the last year have been restrained in schools. Without statutory regulation, there is no need for local authorities to report or monitor restraint, no statutory training, even when the restraint involves face-down restraint of young children in schools and care settings. Can I ask the First Minister to review the Government's approach with regard to just guidance being provided? Will the First Minister also agree to meet with me and families and campaigners to take forward those changes? I will ask the relevant minister to meet with the member and campaigners and families. I absolutely am happy to do that. Let me make a couple of points that I hope are helpful. First, I am sure that this is something that all of us agree with. Restraint and seclusion should only ever be used as an absolute last resort to prevent harm and only when in the overall best interests of the child and young person. That is something that we would all agree with. As I said in my original answer, we are currently preparing to consult on draft guidance. We will do that later this month, however. I hope that that is helpful. We are committed to looking further at the options to place that guidance on a statutory basis, particularly if the guidance itself does not have the desired effect, although I hope that it will make a difference. We will not rule out legislation and will actively consider the options for that. To ask the First Minister whether she will provide an update on the Scottish Government's supersponsor scheme for displaced Ukrainians. As of today, there have been 12,861 applications for a visa with a Scottish sponsor and over 11,500 visas issued. Around 4,200 displaced Ukrainians with a Scottish sponsor have now arrived in the UK. 2,035 of those have an individual sponsor and 2,236 have the Scottish Government as supersponsor. In partnership with local government and third sector partners, we have established a network of welcome hubs with access to meals, accommodation and support for anyone who arrives here. They have now triaged more than 2,100 people. A national matching service that is being delivered by COSLA is working hard to find longer-term accommodation using all options, including the generous offers of accommodation that have been made by the public. This has been a national response developed and delivered at pace, and we will continue to ensure that all those arriving are treated with compassion and care. Thank you, First Minister, but it continues to be the case that local authorities welcoming displaced people through the Ukraine family scheme receive no funding at all from the UK government. Even the £10,500 per person under the homes for Ukraine is not much considering all the provisions that need to be put in place to support those who are seeking refuge. Will the First Minister urge the UK government to urgently put in place appropriate financial support for all local authorities, no matter the scheme that someone has arrived through, to ensure that those settling here can have all their needs met? Yes, that is an important and serious issue. There have been acknowledgements from UK government ministers, principally Michael Gove, that those are serious issues. Neil Gray and I have repeatedly raised it and will continue to do so in the strongest terms. The £10,500 per person tariff does not provide adequate funding for local authorities and public services. That tariff is not even provided to local authorities for people who arrive through the family visa route, and I do not think that that is acceptable. Our local authorities and public services support people regardless of their visa route. There is a clear need to provide appropriate funding that reflects the unique impact of the various UK Government schemes implementation on public services in local communities. That is, of course, a reserved matter, but we take our responsibilities seriously and the Scottish Government wants to do as much as we can. For our part, the Scottish Government has committed £11.2 million to local authorities to support resettlement and integration and the refurbishment of properties. To ask the First Minister what step the Scottish Government will take to ensure that victims of rape and domestic abuse are not retraumatised as a result of plans to allow them to formally meet those who have harmed them. We recently launched two hubs to support the national roll-out of restorative justice services that enable safe, voluntary, facilitated contact between people who are harmed by crime and those who are responsible for the harm. However, let me stress that it is voluntary and only where the victim of crime wants this to happen. It is important to note that the needs of people who are harmed are at the heart of this process. Even if they choose to do this, they will set the pace at all stages and can stop the process at any time. I recognise that victims and survivors in very sensitive cases involving sexual harm and coercive control may request access to restorative justice, and we are working with partners to design services to respond appropriately to those requests. A trauma-informed and comprehensive risk framework will be created for those cases with the individual needs and safety of the person harmed at the centre. I thank the First Minister for that answer, and she is quite right to reiterate the words of Sandy Brindley, who rightly said that no one should ever feel that they have to do this or pressurise in any way. However, I also believe that we must improve the experiences of the justice system for victims of sexual violence that disproportionately affects women and girls. I know that the First Minister is very strong on that point. At the criminal justice committee, we heard from survivors of rape and sexual assault who said that they felt as if they were being treated as the guilty party, and long delays in the current court system means that they are often left in the dark as to what happens in their court cases. I ask the First Minister if she thinks that perhaps more support should be given to those victims, but, interestingly, legal advice before they go to court, as the First Minister, if she would consider a proposal or even enter into some dialogue about a means-tested independent legal representation scheme for victims of rape and serious sexual support in the pre-child period as a way of radically altering the experiences of rape victims and survivors of sexual assault. I will give consideration to that. Issues on independent legal representation of victims of rape and sexual violence in the criminal justice system have been raised in particular contexts in the past, for example, where information about the history of the victim has been requested as part of the court process, so those are important issues. I agree that this is simply a statement of fact, sadly, even in our society today, that many survivors of rape and sexual assault are often left feeling undersupported and, as if they are somehow the guilty parties, partly down to attitudes within society. Right now, there is also an impact there of backlogs in the court system because of the pandemic, which is why we are working so hard to address that. Anything that we can do, we are obviously funding organisations to deliver the equally safe initiatives. Anything that we can do to better support those affected by those crimes, I think that we have a duty to consider. I will give consideration to the specific proposal that was made today, but in terms of the subject matter of the actual question, let me reiterate again the voluntary nature of that. I have certainly raised within Government that it is one thing to say that it is voluntary, but we must make sure that the process, even in offering people that option, is not heard by the victims, is somehow something that they are expected to do or being pressured to do. How that is taken forward is really important. That concludes First Minister's questions. The First Minister may not be aware that Kevin Stewart is in fact ill and self-isolating with Covid. I am sure that we wish him a speedy recovery. Can she therefore ensure that, in his absence, the cabinet secretary meets today with a speedy network instead? As the member will be aware, that is not a point of order for me, however, the member's point is on the record.


Let's talk about parameterizing the solutions to a system of equations. And so if I have a relationship between two or more variables, I might be able to parameterize the variables. I might be able to express some of them in terms of new variables, which are called the parameters. So for example, let's take the system of equations 3x plus 4y minus equals 5, 2x minus y equals 0, and a parameterization of the solutions. Again, I have three variables x, y, and z. So what I might do is I might try to set up new variables, and maybe I'll say x equals s, y equals, so I'd say t, z equals r, and there is a parameterization where I've expressed my variables x, y, and z in terms of my parameters, s, t, and r. Well, this is a parameterization. It's actually pretty useless because all I've done is I've changed the names of the variables. Also, we can go a little bit farther. Remember that a parameterization isn't complete until I can tell you what s, t, and r could be, and the problem is that there are certain restrictions on what they can be because not all values of x, y, and z will solve this system of equations. So this is a useless parameterization. So let's see if we can construct one that's actually useful. So here's a nice general rule of life and also of mathematics. The more powerful something is, the more it's going to cost you. And this cost can show up in one of two ways. It may cost you in terms of how much effort you have to put into setting it up. But then the other thing is that it may cost you in that you might not be able to do as much after you've used it. So we'll take a look at both instances as the course goes on. So parameters are extremely powerful. They allow us to express several things in terms of just one thing. And so they should be viewed as being very expensive. And what we want to do is we want to use as few of them as possible. And wherever we can, we want to try and recycle them. So let's think about this. If an equation has two variables, I can make one of them a parameter. But then I can solve and express the other variable in terms of that parameter. And what this suggests is a general strategy. So I might proceed as follows. If I can find an equation with just two unknowns, what I can do is express one of them in terms of a parameter and solve for the other one in terms of that same parameter. And otherwise, if I can't find an equation with just two unknowns, I'll find an equation with the fewest number of unknowns. I'll choose parameters for all but one of those variables and solve for the remaining unknown. And now that I have a parameterized set of variables, if I have other equations, I can substitute in the parameterized versions of the variables wherever I can. And if I parameterized all variables at this point, I'm done. Otherwise, I'll go back to set one and look for an equation with just two unknowns. And importantly, these two unknowns are distinct at this point from the things that we parameterize. So for example, let's say I have this system of variables, system of equations, and I want to use as few parameters as possible. So the equation has two variables, the last equation has two variables, so I can start by parameterizing one of those variables. So let x equals s to avoid fractions, and they'll solve the equation for y. To s minus y equals three, I'll solve that for y. And so I have y. My variable y is now in terms of s. My variable x is also in terms of s. And now I have this variable z left over. Let's see what I can do with that. Well, I have two variables expressed in terms of parameters. I can substitute those into the first equation. That's 3x, 3s, 4y, 2s minus 3. z is the last remaining variable, and I can actually solve this equation for z. And so now I have z expressed also in terms of my parameters. And so now whatever x is, I know what y is, I know what z is, and I now have one, two, all three variables expressed in terms of the parameterization of s. Well, I don't have to use that particular parameterization. What if I like fractions? So I can still start with the equation, which has just two variables and choose one of them to be our parameter. So I'll let y equals s, for example, and my second equation, 2x minus y equals 3. Well, that becomes 2x minus s equals 3, and I'll solve this for x. And well, I do introduce fractions, but we like fractions, or maybe we like fractions. Now I have y equals s, x equals 3, plus s over 2. I can drop those into the first equation. I'll get my new equation. The only variable I have here is z. Again, s is a parameter, and we'll consider that to be not a variable. And that's all for z, 11s minus 1 over 2. And there's my parameterization, same system of equations, radically different parameterization. And again, the reason that we end up with this parameterization is we chose y to be s instead of x. Well, let's take a look at another important example, find a parameterization for the variables in this system. So again, the thing to notice here is that there's no equation that has just two variables. So what can we do? Well, for now, what we can do is we can start off by picking the equation with the fewest number of variables. So that would be the second equation here. And I can make two of these variables parameters and then solve for the third variable. Now, for example, this equation has variables x, z, and w. So maybe I'll pick z and w to be my parameters. If z is s, w is t, I can substitute those in and solve for x. I get x equals minus one half s minus one third t. And it's a perfectly usable parameterization, but maybe I want to avoid having those fractions there because I know, looking forward, I'm going to have to drop them into here and do more algebra with them. So maybe I'll try something else. I know that I'm taking one half z, one third w. So maybe I'll make z and w things I can take half and a third of very easily. So maybe I'll let z equals two s, w equals three t. So I'll drop those into my equation. I get x plus s plus t equals zero. So x equals minus s minus t. Now, I have my other equation here. I have a parameterization of z, w, and x. That takes care of z, w, and x. I still have two variables left, y and v. So I need to let one of them be a parameter. So again, because I want to avoid fractions, I'll let y equal r. So I drop those in 3x. There's my parameterization for x, 3x, for y, y is r. So that's going to become 4r, z is 2s, w, 3t, v is still a variable. So I'll leave that. And I will expand and solve. And after all the dot settles, I get v equals s minus 4r.  And so there's my parameterization.


Yeah, coach, Monday, how'd everybody look just coming back? Yeah, come back from a day off. Yeah, and we try to plan everything out. And there's a strategy why we do what we do, but I thought it was good energy and focus. As always, there's things to clean up, things we're working on. And you're finding out a lot about these guys. What's the approach for the first exhibition game? No, no game planning, all that kind of stuff. But how do you want to proceed? Yeah, just see these guys come out here and execute against a different team scheme. Things you try to simulate in practice that you can't simulate in the games, the liveness of the pocket, the quarterback, tackling, all the stuff you want to see. Was there anything when Kyle came back this year that made you surprised to get improved? It surprised me. I continually said last year, and what we asked him to do, especially that position, that there we hoped there would be a leap in year two, and he had a good rookie year. And I love the way he's working. I like his mindset. Like a lot of our guys in year two, they're more comfortable. So we'll see. We'll see how it plays out. Very pleased with how he's doing.  Yeah, it's hard to say until we play. I'm optimistic. That's the case, Mike, but we'll have to see. But you certainly see the confidence in going through a year and knows what to expect. Time to have the unknown of how to take care of his body throughout the NFL season. Yeah, I mean, if it was something that we thought was long term, I'd update you like with Vince. We'll see. The car came out, which is why it was just kind of, yeah. You know, it's strange. As long as you're in business and you guys have covered it, I remember Rocky McIntosh walking off the field, jogging off the field in the old Meadowlands in 2007. Looked fine.  Coached a player, and I'll keep it private. But he was carted off the game. He was fine. And some of the veteran tight ends may have had an issue with it. But in all seriousness, you just never know, Mike. You really don't. I know it looks ugly, and we take every precaution. And I'm not making light of anybody who's been injured, because it's unfortunate part of the game. But it's hard to tell when somebody gets carted off. Arthur, do you talk a little bit about the communication in the secondary standpoint, when you're doing a red zone drill down, a lot of rubs and things like that? Do you like the young safety group progressing from a communication standpoint? We feel like they are. It's good. You can't get enough of that. There's different situations you throw at them. And it's important those guys communicate. So we're working a couple of different things. Got some young guys, some more reps today, especially in the team periods. And it was fun to watch them. I'm excited to go look at the film. See, there's a guy that flashes every day, especially up front, on both sides. Talk about Brian Blast, do you want to talk about his progression? I know what you see on him. It's all relative, right? When you get the pads on, it's a little bit different. You're going full speed, but you're in the spiders. I think he's had a solid camp so far. Another guy played a lot as a rookie. And I hope that experience, and he improves and builds that confidence. But I've been pleased with him as well. How are you getting back out there today? Yeah, just assessing it. Yeah, it was good to have him back out there. You never know those things. And we'll continue to assess to see if he's healthy enough to play Friday night. Is this with his backs, like you said? Yeah, it was tricky. Is it a day-to-day, day-after-day, where you have to check on it type thing? You know, this one will probably be, let's assess. We're going to get back after tomorrow. We'll be in pads tomorrow and Wednesday. And grind it pretty good here with some training camp practices. And so we'll see how it responds. I think that's probably the best realistic answer I can give you. With such eyes to him, he's a guy live that's in the flash over and over. What has he shown you that took put of it? Quickness and power. And but again, a lot of guys, they've been, they used to call it, you know, all St. Thomas.  So we'll see. How's Hassee and Fisk doing? The fun guys of Coach Parker. Parker's doing well. Tucker, excited to see him compete Friday night. After two weeks or two days in a row, Tiff ends up in a safe, his hands.  Would that be an under assessment? Absolutely. The old joke is the catch the ones they throw you. You know, sometimes guys, some quarterbacks, certain guys, they say, hey, they're going to throw you for us, whether or not we catch it. And it holds up true. And certainly when the ball gets tipped, we got to, that's the fun part. You coach both sides, there's a lot to learn from. Play we got to make offensively.  But if it gets tipped up, you got the opportunity. We got to take advantage of the opportunity on the other side. So it's good. It's competitive. There's always stuff to teach from and coach off of. This might be a weird question, but is there, as a guy who's been an offensive coach for so long, do you tip or drop some stuff? I bet guys were young players that they're going through it. I like the guys that can handle failure. And they let them play through some stuff and see if they get it fixed. I mean, when you make these early narratives on guys, some of them are just assing on. You know, I've seen great players, they struggle early on, and then they are able to go through it, like with the quarterbacks. You know, your competition going on there in practice, and either the first couple of plays don't go your way. I want to see how they respond. They get risk averse, and they're going to keep swinging, you know, and that's all the stuff. No, it doesn't bother me.  But yeah, yeah, sure, sure. I don't overreact to practice. Tip or a drop, that kind of gets you more annoying. Well, it's a, it has become a pattern, and we haven't fixed it. Yeah, that's an issue. That's an issue for multiple reasons. Coach, we always ask about how players are progressing through training camp. How are you and the coaching staff progressing through these first two weeks of training? That's a good question. That's why I think, you know, we've had some attrition, but there's such a better familiarity with the staff and things that we've tweaked and we continue to evolve. That's certainly different in year two. I'm very pleased in that regard too. Yeah, Coach Berryhill, how's he doing? A little wide receiver from Arizona. Yeah, they're competing. Him, Bernie, Taishan, fired up to see those guys compete. Friday night, they've earned a right to go out there and compete, and we'll see them.


The Maverick engineer, Nikola Tesla, made his contribution in the mechanical engineering field too. Look at one of his favorite inventions, a bladeless turbine, or Tesla turbine. The Tesla turbine had a simple, unique design, yet it was able to beat the efficiency levels of steam turbines at the time.


Well, there are structures that arise from that hole, from that space in the center of the tube, including the central canal of the spinal cord. So this hole, this central, this hollow place in the neural tube, we're comfortable with it already as running down the middle of the spinal cord, but it also like did some crazy dances, oh, what? And folded and twisted and got covered over in various ways and forms these ventricles in your brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.   We know you are. First of all, there's two ways we have to look at this. We have to look at it like this, really, and like this. So take a deep breath because this is like an adventure in three-dimensional thinking. First of all, are your lateral ventricles, lateral ventricles. And how many of them do you have? There's two. They look like sheep horns, like ram horns. And here's the scoop. They are separated in your brain by a structure called the septum palusitum. Septum palusitum, palusitum separates your lateral ventricles. And they really do curve up into your cerebrum. Now, the lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle because you have one lateral ventricle and another lateral ventricle, and then you've got the third, third ventricle, which is actually also seen about here, yeah, and which is seen right here, really? That's all your third ventricle. But connecting the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle, connecting two ventricles, is the interventricular foramen. Interventricular foramen. Foramen. All right, so connecting them, we've got the interventricular foramen, and then we're in the third ventricle. The third ventricle is kind of in this thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus zone, and it's a space. And then there's another little duct, and it's this thing right here, and that one is the cerebral aqueduct, A-Q-A-D-U-C-T, lateral ventricle, connected to the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen, third ventricle connected to the fourth ventricle from the cerebral aqueduct. So the fifth thing that we're going to look at is the fourth ventricle. I think, yeah, she got to be kidding me.  Is it as bad as I think? What I say, fourth ventricle. And here's the fourth ventricle. The fourth ventricle is between the cerebellum and the pons, and it's a space that you can stick your little probe in, and here it is, here, that's the fourth, and here it is, here, that's the fourth. Did you follow that?  Well, let's see. Once it drains into this space here, I feel like I need to make this bigger. I'm sorry, we're going to just take this, cut it. We're going to go up, find ourselves a blank page. Usually I'm a little more organized than this, yes? Oh, dear. But we're just going to make it bigger so you can see this. I think it will be helpful. So, look, this is our half view. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, just so we can see it better. And let's just label our meninges while we're here, because you have the meninges are, remember, the structures surrounding your brain and spinal cord, meninges. We have the duramator, which is the tight to the skull. Duramator. And then we have the piamator, remember that guy? Here's piamator tight to the brain. And then between them was the fantastical arachnoid meter. Arachnoid meter. And that was kind of a spiderweb-y stuff in between. Now, here's the scoop, my friends. Here's cerebrospinal fluid actually drains into the subarachnoid space. So it drains into the space between the piamator and the arachnoid meter. And that's what you're seeing right here. Cerebrospinal fluid is this stuff right here, this light blue stuff. But what's the dark blue stuff? You know what that is?  It's venous blood from your brain. Your brain has taken all the oxygen out of the blood and has dumped it into this sinus right here, this space. And you have little, like, mushroom-shaped structures within that space right here. And these guys basically drain cerebrospinal fluid into the blood. So the cerebrospinal fluid, which started up here in my lateral ventricle and traveled all the way through the gut, will go to these little mushroom-shaped structures and get dumped into the venous blood supply. Old blood is then carried out of the brain through the jugular vein and to the heart and then to the lungs to get re-oxygenated and sent back around to the body again.  If you look down here at the bottom of my brain, boy, you can actually see that the cerebrospinal fluid can travel down through the outside, like, surrounding the spinal cord. Because remember that we had duramator in our spinal cord as well. So that, it can circulate there as well. Oh my gosh, how did you do? That is fantastic and this lecture is done.


I am Bernard Johansson. I'm coming from St. Clair and this is my seat at PerTech Stadium. My seat is one of the best seats in the stadium, I believe, and I've got the people next to me that's so passionate themselves and we can't wait to catch up every weekend when we come here. I love the Wanderers because I love the passion. Everybody around me here, they all feel the same way. We dance and we sing and we love the atmosphere. You wake up in the morning and the atmosphere is already in your blood and it's there in your heart and now I can enjoy it without having any influence just myself and sit here and watch it and soak it all in. It is just beautiful. You go home and you still dream about it. When I go home the first thing I do is turn the TV on and watch the game again. Everything is perfect so I love the Wanderers.