When I first began using Step-In, I made some critical mistakes. Mistakes that I literally had to pay for out of my own pocket. After spending tons of time doing research, going through trial and errors, speaking with people in the community, shout out to EliteChat. I was able to identify the top 10 mistakes that most new users make when they first begin to use the Step-In app. These mistakes not only slows down your overall progress, but it also slows down your time to break even. So in this video, I will list the top 10 mistakes that I noticed the majority of new users to the app making. Let's go ahead and dive right into the video. So the first mistake that you will want to avoid when you first get into Step-In, you want to avoid getting the wrong type of sneaker. So when you first start using Step-In and you go to buy your first sneaker, you will notice that there's walkers, joggers, runners, and trainers. Now in order to earn, you need to be within the optimal speed of each sneaker. So some people will prefer trainers so that some days they can run, some days they can walk. Trainers and runners pretty much earn about the same thing. However, you will have to pay a premium for a trainer because of that. So usually people tend to flock to the runners because they tend to earn the most, as you guys can see here. And for the most part, they tend to be the cheapest sneakers on the market. So it will make sense to get a runner. However, you need to be honest with yourself because you need to be able to run every single day between 8 to 20 kilometers per hour. And sure, anyone can do this for 10 minutes, but how about once you get to three sneakers and you have to do it for 20 minutes per day, then you get to nine sneakers and you have to do it for 45 minutes per day, every single day. So if you want to run, I would suggest probably going with the trainer instead of the runner so that on the rest days and off days, you can still earn and just go for a walk. You can avoid injuries. But if you really think that you can run every single day without a rest day for up to 20 to 45 minutes, maybe even an hour long, then go for it. I'm just letting you know what I've seen in the chats from the people that have thought the same thing and gone for runners and then had to resell it, lost money on it, and had to buy a jogger, walker, or trainer. What I usually recommend people is to go with a jogger if you don't want to pay up for the trainer. With a jogger, you can still go on jogs. You can't run super fast, but you can still go up to 10 kilometers per hour. And on rest days, you can speed walk, which will still earn you more than the walker. And for those that just want to walk, again, I recommend the jogger because you can still walk at a fast pace and earn more than you will with a walker. The next mistake that you need to avoid making that I see a lot of people making is buying a shoe at floor price with really bad base stats. So what are base stats? If we open up the app and we go down to where it says attributes, you will see here under efficiency, luck, comfort, and resilience, those numbers on the right. As long as there's no green lines within them, that means that this shoe hasn't been upgraded. So these are indeed its base stats. However, sometimes you will see a sneaker like this where it has a green line. That means that they have added upgrade points to efficiency here. So if you hit the button that says base stats, you will see its true base stat. Now, the reason that base stats are so important is because it's the three points, basically that the sneaker already comes with, right? So if your sneaker was this one right here, for example, and you had an efficiency of 1.4, and I started with this sneaker that has nine efficiency as its base stat, that means that I'm starting off with 7.6 more efficiency than you are. I did an in-depth guide on this subject called the sneaker's buyer's guide, where I go deep into all these numbers and why they're important. So if you want to know more about this in detail, watch that video. So a good rule of thumb is for both efficiency and resilience. When you put those points together, that they equal more than 10. As long as they equal more than 10 together, it's usually a pretty good shoe. I would say that the floor efficiency on the base stats that I'm looking for is at least five, so anything above five is a bonus at that point. So make sure to always check the base stats on the sneakers before you buy them. So mistake number three that you need to avoid is getting a sneaker with bad gem sockets. So what exactly is a bad gem socket? For me, a bad gem socket is a gem that is not really useful in the game right now. So for example, comfort gems are useless at this point in time in the game. Now the reason why is because comfort directly affects your earning for GMT. And as of this moment right now, you cannot earn GMT. Now I'm sure this will change once they introduce GMT earning into the game, but we still don't know when that will be and we don't know what type of earnings that will be either. Also, I probably won't recommend you to upgrade a common sneaker up to levels 29 and 30 because they're not going to be a really good GMT earner. So that means that the value of these sneakers are probably going to always be towards the floor price. So if you buy a sneaker with a lot of comfort gem sockets and then down the road you want to sell it, you're probably going to lose money on it because the value is going to be closer to that floor price than to it being at a more of a premium. So here's an example of a floor priced sneaker with bad gem sockets. As you can see, all four of these are the comfort gem sockets. So although this sneaker has really good efficiency, its gem sockets are just no good right now. So I would probably avoid this sneaker. Here's an example of a sneaker that I own and this is usually what I'm looking for. I want efficiency gem sockets the more the better. So this one here has three efficiency gem sockets. If I could find a sneaker with four efficiency gem sockets, I am definitely buying it. But those usually come at a premium. So what I try to do is use this sneaker and sneakers that look like this one to mint new sneakers with these good gem sockets. So like that, I can sell them at a premium. It doesn't have to have three efficiency gem sockets. Two or one is also fine as long as you're avoiding the comfort gem sockets. So here's another one. This one has two efficiency gem sockets, one resilience and one luck. This is what the majority of my sneakers look like. So a next mistake that you must avoid making is not paying attention to your mint count. If you look at the marketplace, you'll notice that each sneaker says mint and then has a number next to it. That is how many times that sneaker has been used to mint with another sneaker to create a new sneaker. The reason that mints are important and it's something that you should probably be aware of is because the more mints that a sneaker has, the more expensive it is to mint with another sneaker to create a third sneaker. And minting will probably be the cheapest way for you to go from one sneaker to three sneakers so you can get 20 minutes per day and from three sneakers to nine sneakers and beyond. So I usually recommend to get a sneaker with either zero or one mint on them max.  Just know that if you're paying less in the front, then you're going to have to pay more in the back end. However, your second sneaker has to be between zero to one mint only. If not, it's not even going to be worth minting. It'll probably be cheaper just buying a third sneaker as well at that point. The number five mistake that you need to avoid making is leveling up before you repair your sneaker. This one's pretty simple. Every time you level up your sneaker, your repair costs also goes up higher.  Alright, since we're talking about leveling up, we're going to stick with the same topic. And the number six mistake that you need to avoid making is leveling up all your sneakers that are not your main sneaker. I have people asking all the time if they should level up their extra sneakers. And the answer is no. You only need to level up your main sneaker. The levels on your other sneakers that you don't use do not affect you in any form or way. The only time that you're going to want to level up your other sneakers is if you're going to use them in order to make. If you want to make your sneakers have to be level five. So that's the only time you're leveling up your sneakers. You'll level them up to level five so you can use them in order to make if you're not minting or if they're already level five, then there's no reason to level them up whatsoever unless you're thinking about leveling up another shoe because it's better and you want to swap your main sneakers. And that's a different story. For the most part, you should only be leveling up your main sneaker and never leveling up any of your other sneakers. The other sneakers are only there so that you have more energy per day. The number seven mistake that you must avoid making is using your upgrade points inefficiently. So what exactly does that mean? Well, pretty much putting upgrade points anywhere that's not efficiency or resilience. If you're putting upgrade points in luck and comfort, you're probably wasting those points. So I've done a couple of videos on optimizing your sneakers and using the upgrade points efficiently. You can take a look at this video right here where I basically go through how to calculate and optimize your points. I optimize them using websites like stepin.guide for example. And honestly, if you have a shoe that has a resilience socket or two, I would probably lean towards upgrading only efficiency and then getting two level two resilience gems in those sockets. As long as your resilience is up to like 24 to 30 range, you should be fine and just max out that efficiency. Some people like luck. If that's your thing, go for it. I'm just telling you the most efficient way to use your points. So that brings us to our number seven mistake that you must avoid making. And that's mystery boxes and gems. If you know me and you've seen my videos, you will know that I really don't care for mystery boxes at this point in the game. Doesn't mean down the line, my mind will change on that. But right now the value for me just isn't there guys. You can see that I haven't opened any mystery boxes in a while. And I basically get one every run because I use so much energy per session. So for the sake of this video, I'm going to open up one mystery box just so that you can see what that cost versus its value is. So let's see, which one should I do? Any, meaning, money, mode. So we're going to do this one right here. Another thing is when you first get a mystery box is going to cost a lot more. If you do want to open your mystery boxes, always wait for the timer to run all the way down to zero. That's when the mystery box will be the cheapest to open. Depending on the level of the mystery box is what determines is cost to open. So we're going to pay nine GST to open this mystery box. Its value is $2.85. So nine times two, 85 equals $25.65 to open up this mystery box. Hit open. And this is what it looks like when you open. You see I got one gem, anything else. Nope, that's it, right? So I was actually lucky enough to get an efficiency gem. This is actually the most valuable thing that you can get in a level one mystery box unless you get like two of them, right? So if you go to the marketplace, go to gems, go to efficiency and put in level one gem, you can see that it's currently selling for 1.286 is the floor price. Solano's price is currently at 48.7. So 48.7 times 1.286 equals $62 minus the 6% fee. That's $58. We actually made a profit on this mystery box. So because of that, we're going to open a second mystery box because this is just the best case scenario when opening a level one mystery box. So we're going with this one this time, again, another nine GST to open up. As you guys already know, that's about $25. Hit open. And let's see what we get here. We got another efficiency gem. And we got a second gem, which is a luck gem. All right guys, it looks like we're running hot right now. I'm going to open a third mystery box because we just again made a profit. Eenie meenie miney moe catch a tiger by that toe. We're going with this one this time. Open it up. And it looks like we got a level one resilience gem here. And that's it. So let's see what the value of this level one resilience gem is. So the value of that is 0.239, right? That's the floor price. So the value of that, if I were to sell it right now is $11.47. Remember, we had to pay $25 to open this up. So we lost $14 by opening up this mystery box. So although I've run good right now opening up the mystery boxes, I still am leaning towards not opening them up for the moment until things change a bit. Another thing is that if you're still either leveling up your sneaker, trying to get up to level nine, level 19, whatever it may be, or you're still trying to get to three sneakers, nine sneakers, etc. Then you shouldn't really not be worrying too much about gems and about sockets. You should be more focused on getting your three and nine sneakers or getting up to that level 19. Those are all far more important before getting into gems and maybe buying level two gems, trying to get level two gems, things like that. So make sure to avoid those mistakes as you progress through your journey. So the ninth mistake that you must avoid doing is not using your energy after it's already full in the next replenish period comes around. If you look at my current sneaker, you'll notice that I'm at 7.5 out of 10.0 with the next refill coming up in 57 minutes. So I am perfectly fine because that next refill will give me 25% more and I will be capped, right? However, let's say that right now my energy was at 10 out of 10, then I would need to use at a minimum 25% of my energy before the 57 minute period ends. Because if I don't, I'm losing out on 25% more energy. That means that you're losing out on 25% more earnings that you will never get back. So make sure that you're always aware of how much energy you have and when the next replenish period is so that you don't lose earning time. The last and final mistake that you should avoid doing at all costs is selling your sneakers at the floor price level. Guys, there is absolutely no reason whatsoever to ever sell your sneakers at the floor price. Right now, the floor price is 12.55 sole and if we click the sneaker, you'll see that it's at around four efficiency and it has two comfort sockets. So not really a good sneaker, right? I still would not sell this sneaker at the floor price. So I always try to be at least half a sole above the floor price. Now that's just the rule of thumb that I like to start with and then I take a look at the market to get a better idea. So basically, one of the things I'm looking for is where is there the most amount of sneakers for sale and wherever that number is. If it's a bad sneaker, then I want to probably list it just under that amount. If it's a good sneaker, then that doesn't matter to me. I'm going to be charging a premium for it at a minimum of one to two sole above floor price. So I noticed there's a lot of sneakers for sale here at 12.8. So if I had a really bad sneaker, I'd probably be aiming just before 12.8. Maybe around the 12.77 range, 12.76. I think that would be a good price for a bad sneaker with bad attributes and bad sockets. Just post it up there and don't worry about it. You know, you don't have to sell it within the hour within a few minutes. Just leave it posted. Eventually it will sell. I've had sneakers that have taken like 24 hours or so for it to sell. Now for premium sneakers, it's a little bit trickier. You have to look for comparables where they're selling at and then kind of figure out if you want to be before those or after those. That will probably depend on how fast you're trying to move off of that sneaker. So a lot of times with premium sneakers, I look, I'll look for comparables and I'll post it for like maybe one or 0.5 sole more than the comparables that I found, which a comparable is like in real estate. I'm looking for sneakers that are very similar to mine's in attributes, in sockets, what they're listed for. And then I try to list it a little bit above that. Again, these are for premium sneakers that I'm listing way above the floor prices with sneakers that are in comparable value. And even then I'm listing it above those, just a little bit above those as well to see if I can sell it up there. If not, then I'll start going down little by little, but you should never ever be selling any of your sneakers at the floor prices. That is a big mistake I see a lot of people make. So I hope you guys have enjoyed this video. If you didn't for any reason, just rewind it, watch it again. I'm sure it'll grow on you. Then after that, make sure to smash that like button, smash the subscribe button. And if you have any questions about anything that was covered on today's video, drop it in the comments. I'll see you guys on our next one. As always, peace and love.


Well, thank you everyone for coming into this nice hot room and sitting down Taking a break with us. I know it's been a great day. You guys have been doing a lot. Hopefully contributing a lot today and Getting involved with WordPress as a community. That's awesome Today we wanted to talk to you so I'm mark and this is Kate right over here John should be making his way down. Hopefully when he gets a chance for those of you Who are waiting to see him? But we wanted to talk about visual data using the WordPress API a bit I'm a designer at automatic and so I'm not a developer they most API stuff really kind kind of goes over my head, but But I find it fascinating nonetheless It's it's going to open up a lot of doors with a lot of new ways that we can use WordPress so That being said if Yeah, so Rather than visual data using red. What are you building with WordPress is kind of the question. I wanted to propose to you Oftentimes We think of WordPress as There we go So WordPress a lot of times looks like this right this is recognizable to us We have WordPress we had a theme and we've got some plug-ins and we create one of these things right an online store a blog a Website or portfolio We're familiar with this. This is what it's always kind of been about and what it's grown to become but And we know WordPress is kind of built on this stack We're familiar with as well my sequel PHP HTML CSS and and we've even got some JavaScript in there Which is really cool, right? But what if it looked more like this like what if What if WordPress Was something that you just did all this stuff with right? like it was this foundation by which you built some really cool stuff and I really think the API opened that up for all of us with 4.7 right the API was introduced now we have Where we at 28% of the web will you guys know yeah on WordPress? I mean these these sites all the ones that are upgraded to 4.7 We can connect with for the most part right we can pull a lot of that public data We can learn about things and share that data with each other with communities other communities So rather maybe than what are you building with WordPress What are you building on WordPress would be the better question? How are you using this we? We're getting to an era right where devices are so versatile the internet of things People are on the go How are we using word WordPress to engage those lives everywhere that people are moving? Making it a part of their life helping to get the job that they need done done right? How are we using WordPress to do those things? One one way I just kind of wanted to share with all of you if you have cell phones or laptops try going to this URL right now Open them up It's got a question there for you What is the most important part of a website in one or two words? Leave a comment, okay? I told you I'm not a developer. I'm a designer So oauth is over my head and if anybody wants to explain that to me in detail so that I would understand I'd love it, but I couldn't quite get past it for this So what I did is I opened up comments on this blog post and that allows anybody like you to leave a comment And then I can pull this data through the API So I'm sorry. I'm like walking in the way of everybody, but yeah Just WPUX testing Dot-com forward slash WCEU. Okay, leave a comment one word one or two word answer What is the most important part of a website? You guys feel comfortable. I see still see some typing away And in English if possible. Oh is connection. Oh, we're in the best room for that. Aren't we like the basement, right? Yeah, boy, I didn't plan that too well Yeah John come on up come on up Yeah, so I is it is it happening has anybody been able to post anything because if no one has then we're This demo is gonna go So What I could do. Let's see if I could get Yeah, so oh boy as it comes through yeah, yeah, so you know what if it's not happening for people We're gonna miss some visual data, so But I can talk about it Let me know if it goes through for anyone raise your hand give me a shout out all right two people We've got two comments in there three four five. Yes, it's happening That means less people or you could go shut off your cell phones and let the others jump on So let's see So if I refresh this page, we should start seeing something some data showing And let's see how this works and of course that's gonna take a second So what I'm doing though as a designer not a developer so those of you who are developers don't laugh too loudly at my code but I'm using the API and WordPress and something called processing Does anybody heard processing? All right one two three four about four people processing is a is an open-source language for visual graphics and I'm actually it's built on Java. I'm actually using the JavaScript version of it called p5 JS if anybody's heard that and So whoa there we go. Okay. All right. Let's clap like that's in the basement right in the basement We got some data going okay, so these are comments from you all and We got them showing up. I'm just pulling basically the comments from this post ID Using API. I'm Organizing some global variables I'm pre-loading the the JSON file And then this is where processing kind of happens They've got a function called setup where you kind of set up your canvas and that's what I'm displaying this stuff on and Then they have this function called draw which renders everything on the canvas and the function draw will will loop and Repeat itself, but I called a No loop function up here. So our method so that it doesn't and we could just look at the data, but but what I'm doing is I'm taking these comments and looping through them. I'm grabbing what the words are how many people might have commented the same thing we don't have that happening yet and Displaying them randomly on the screen here. So we have visibility Theme more speed content communication UX security speed speed So that oh secured UX security speed, I believe and then speed and more speed It'd be great if I looped through the array right and look for the common words. Yes And you couldn't post it. Okay. Well, there's a problem with my setup probably Using comments open like that from the same IP Oh There you go, okay, that's a good that's yeah, that's yeah catching new spammers, right you spam just kidding just kidding Yeah, yeah and so so what I what I was hoping for is a few comments that might have been the same and That made it through The graph for the bubbles would change color and size based on based on that So it's just displaying some visual data. It's real basic in a very rudimentary form Just to show like there there really is an ease of use with the API to do something super simple and I think that's important to understand for all of us because as I mentioned before like we could do some really cool things with this We could build stuff that people haven't really thought of yet, right? Like let's not get stuck in the mind frame of blog website Commerce and portfolio. Let's expand that. What else can we build on WordPress? That's gonna attract a lot of people. We're implementing a lot of JavaScript and stuff. Let's Let's do something and that's why it like Kate is invited here to also speak to you about some of this which Which she'll go into more detail But my answer was user need I didn't enter it in of course, but that would be my answer to the So as I mentioned the rest API, there's great documentation on this Ryan McHugh's and Catam here as well. They're working on Getting the word out about the API and sharing it making it Understandable for everybody giving examples P5.js is the other software. I was using So Yeah, that's kind of me. That's what I did. I like to do this stuff. I like to elaborate more into it I'd love to answer any questions at the end but I'd like to introduce Kate who's a lead of the mobile team at automatic and she's gonna go into about The mobile application using the APIs and how that all works as I mentioned being mobile with this right using word press How are you doing? Yeah We're better now you're here Yeah So, you know when I was going to mark about this You know one of the ways that mobile fits into it is that for mobile? I need to be louder You want me to move this mic? Is this better? Oh Okay, so I need to project Okay, so so So when Mark and I were talking about this and how these things fit together One of the things that came up is that with the mobile apps We've always built on wordpress, right? And so every wordpress.org site was in some way a back-end, right that the mobile app would talk to and communicate with and You know, it's always super fun to debug something that is working on somebody else's machine, right? And so this is why we're really excited for the rest API, especially v2 where we're really hopeful there'll be authentication Because it has the potential for us to really improve our mobile experience if we can drop XML RPC So what press as an art an open source project you still can't hear me. I Okay, I'm just gonna calm and stand in the middle. Ah the cameras. Okay. I'm not gonna do that. I Really don't like to be videoed Now's a great time to mention that So what press as can you hear me now? Okay, so great Thank you So wordpress as an open source project has been this thing that people extended in all these like fascinating and exciting ways, right? But we don't build the app like that like the app is really a client of every wordpress site and it is most it is open source And it is DPL and people could fork it and make their own incredible thing Mostly we haven't seen people do that And you know when we look at like really great open source projects on mobile mainly what we see are Components and like pieces of apps they get used in multiple different applications And we've been doing some work in general on our architecture lately And a big part of that is moving things out into components so that we can share them with the community and hope that They'll find the components kind of more exciting to build on than they did like an entire application So I think you know one of the challenges with the wordpress mobile experience is that we've really been trying to serve the 80% You know kind of this vanilla use case of people who just want to post blog posts or have like a relatively straightforward site. Well and We want to give them a great experience, but we do do our best to serve everybody else But if you wanted to build something more niche you'd probably create something really different, right? Which is where the components could be really really helpful to other people So earlier this year we shipped a complete rewrite of our network stack on Android, which is called fluxi And what it does is it abstracts the networking layer complexity? And so the app talks to calm it talks to jetpack sites. It talks to org sites And now all of that is abstracted into one place which we call fluxi And so it's easy for anyone to build on any different kind of wordpress site without worrying too much what that site is And there's also a demo project, which is called instaflux So is I'm told it's an Instagram clone, but it doesn't have filters So can it really be an Instagram clone if there are no filters? And so hopefully this is a much simpler project that people could take and build on and do some experiments So another component with super super excited about is called Aztec So Aztec is our all native text editor So our current solution was a hybrid one and there was some performance problems there was some kind of irritating and intractable bugs and You know Aztec is bought as much closer to the metal. So it's all native. It's faster. It's more performant It has accessibility improvements And you know again, it's like it's an HTML text editor and it's just like a component now So other people could also use that in their applications if they wanted to Provided they were willing to adhere to the GPL So if you want to try it's in the beta, but it'll be opt-in to the production apps very soon So one of the things that Mark and I tried was we had this kind of cool So there's also processing for Android processing is not just in Java It's also in JavaScript and it's on Android So we thought this was super exciting and we decided to combine it with fluxi to kind of see what we could create there And we learned some things that I'm going to share with you So the setup is a little bit challenging Because fluxi expects a level of complexity in the app that you know Processing is trying to hide from people so processing tries to make it easy to make a very straightforward one-screen app and You know when you're using something like fluxi Your expectation is that you have this need for like a pretty complex networking stack Right, so it expects you to have a lot more of your app there than you really do with a processing app We generally discovered that it was overkill for just reading and visualizing data like you do not need you do not need it for that But we kind of started to think about some really interesting ideas for like maybe you could run a generated photo blog Where you know processing would take images that you'd take and do interesting things with them and then post it straight to your blog and I kind of like Love the level of indirection there because processing was created as a tool for artists to make it easier for them to learn to code Or easier to create digital things and You know when I think about like processing and Android and fluxi I think also about Lady Gaga Does anybody else love a Lady Gaga? Matt, I know you love Lady Gaga So Lady Gaga has this concept that like life is art, right? And so I'm kind of like well is there any way better way to kind of for regular people who aren't Lady Count Gaga to create art than on their most personal device and to kind of introduce some randomness and some Digital creativity with processing and then just share it on any word press blog that they want John I'm sleeping But I'm not okay. So who was there in the design contribution day section? Thank you for coming I just want to note that This is my second award camp and I noticed how there's a lot of designers who want to get involved With this kind of work, but don't know that this world exists quite frankly Because they live in designer world and In designer world you can't get jobs anymore if you just do design Like oh my gosh, I really wish I could do this coding thing, but I don't know where to go So if you think long term the opportunity I imagine for word camp is it'll be There'll be hundreds more designers showing up at these spaces I don't think it's unlikely because of the opportunity that exists in a place like this where Coding and culture are combined I like how our lanyard says Code is poetry. You know as Matt has been forwarding for a long time I've been doing this for a long time too Talking about code as a kind of a humanistic type of thing to do and I wanted to bring up something super old. Can I use your computer? Is this what's driving this? Yeah, I want to show you something from the 90s because it's always good to go backwards in time Because that's how we understand things. I want to show you Back in the 90s. I was trying to teach designers how to code and People didn't like me then Nothing like me anymore right now, but they're very angry people back then Let's see design my numbers Vimeo see look for there. Okay. Here we go. So this is something This is something I made a long time ago that I'm glad there are things like this but I wanted to show people the power of Computation because who who remembered when you could type in programs in basic basic? older people Good you see there was an era where you'd buy the computer and you turn it on and it did nothing at all It just was so we worthless and it had no software, right? So you had to write software on it because it would just blink at you and that was a beautiful time Because everybody had to program to know how to use the computer But because it was right there in your face You had to learn programming and you couldn't make a complex program it was limited and so people from that era were Advantage because they had this simple experience to write code, but by the 90s it became very hard to code manuals that were 32 pages long were becoming 200 pages long We're becoming five books of 200 pages long and then it became virtual so you couldn't tell how many pages there were Right, and so I saw in the 90s. It was impossible for somebody who doesn't know all this culture of Coding to break through so I proposed this system called designed by numbers and a very simple Architecture on the one hand you have a display area like there was in the 80s And then you had a programming area, you know a very simple program and then you could just run So this was the basic idea. You'd have a little canvas an area to write your code To sort of play the thing and stop it. Okay, it's very simple, right? And also I constrained the system very tightly because I at the time was a Little bit too who's Swiss here, and it was Swiss people here Okay, like that. So I was a very Swiss oriented designer, which means I wanted to control everything So I controlled everything so you could only draw in a hundred by a hundred pixel box You can only draw in black and white because all the gray values were zero to one hundred Why because nobody understands why? 255 is an important number So zero to one hundred zero to one hundred. It was beautiful. I think it was my masterpiece It was so constrained and in that little bit of square area I wanted people to type in commands because at the time everybody was using Photoshop and I wanted to tell people that you could write code like this again So this is a long time ago. So it's hard to imagine what this was like, but type in code and I had very simple commands Let me show you in one minute and the 30 seconds What I wanted to show so you can enter a program, you know with a comment You can set the paper color to zero You can set it to paper to 100. It's black You can set paper 50, which is gray Paper 20 makes it lighter. So this is kind of like getting you kind of in touch with the the paper command This is the first command paper paper zero pen 100 And then you draw a line I want to say that people didn't understand that the pen command doesn't do anything It just makes you hold on to the pen But you can't draw only when you enter numbers, can you draw then I would show how if you set a variable You could have a remote control to a line. So by changing B I can move the line up and down and I can move it up and down with just one edit. So teaching people how to use variables and then I place it into a Block and I put it into a block and adding a repeat. I wanted to show people that it's so easy to draw 20 lines It's so easy to draw a hundred lines because the average designer couldn't draw that fast so and also by just adding a little bit of paper in between a repeat it became an animation and Then animation with simple mathematics could be changed was just a little bit of twist and so the intent of this work at the time was to show people how Simple a program could be but how complex the output outcome could be and this was in the 90s And the 90s people said oh Designers will never have to program Ever you know go back home, you know go back to the cave you came from that was the mentality but what happened was I I had in 2001 Actually in 1998 I had these two people working on my research team as graduate students one Person was named Ben Fry and the other was Casey Reese and Ben Fry and Casey Reese Really liked my system designed by numbers, but thought it was a bit constraining You know John people want to drop things bigger than a hundred pixels You know John people want to make things in color, and I said no no no no no 100 pixels 100 great caca great. That's all we get to do here So what did they do? They did the best thing possible. They didn't listen to me and They went off and made a better version of it called Processing and processing is a graphic system that manages 2d and 3d coordinates very lovingly with tons of libraries Built as a community starting in 2001 It's international community of people who love to write things that graphically process things either for television commercials or For art installations and it and as mark was pointing out it's gone to To JavaScript. It's gone to Android as well. So pretty interesting ecosystem but it also exists over here and So what I like is what is happening is that the two worlds are coming together Right now with the work that Mark and Kate and her team are trying to weave together Why is it important? It's important because I believe in diversity and inclusion We bring two things together that are different and push them together. What happens something new happens I know in Europe you have different chocolates here because you have Cadbury and we have like Nestle's or whatever But do you know what the peanut butter cup is? It's peanut butter and it's chocolate together. Mmm. So good delicious You put the two together it becomes more delicious So I'm hoping that processing and word pressed together can be that proverbial deliciousness Why is this important? It's important because of this thing that I noticed When I was in the venture capital world, I was I was looking at money, you know money It's money. Everyone's money. It's a very powerful thing and I was looking at different startups and Who was acquiring them? specifically startups that were founded or co-founded by designers and I saw a pattern where acquisitions look kind of like this but in 2009 it went like this It just kind of likes it was that proverbial up and to the right All these designer co-founded companies were being acquired and it's happened all of a sudden and the reason why it happened I linked to a very simple fact. The fact is that this is when Mobile computing took off And when mobile computing took off what happened is you had smaller screen real estate you had higher user experience expectations and Many large companies like Google did not have that competency inside their company So they acquired a lot of these designer led startups, which were unusually good at creating experience For mobile, right? It's kind of obvious sort of in hindsight Now why is it important? It's important because all of you have this thing called a smartphone, right? You have a smartphone. Well, maybe some of you are Iconoclastic, so you may have a Motorola Star-Tac. I know I know some of us ride, you know We're trying to be like kind of glad I don't use a smartphone. I have a led display or whatever But some of you those of you who have a smartphone You probably have this thing. Have you heard of this thing called Facebook? Have you heard of it? Have you heard of this thing called Facebook? This is very popular now, you know But I mean I heard of this thing called Google Yeah, you heard of that interesting you know and there's a few others but What's interesting is that of the top 10 mobile apps used on smartphones globally Are the top 10 eight of them are owned by Google or Facebook? Which is kind of amazing, isn't it? and then if you imagine how many how many Millions if not billions, but how many millions of dollars are spent by Google and Facebook To be on your home screen To be in your smartphone That's a lot of people It's a lot of innovation It's a lot of resources so meanwhile a Upstairs in our contribution day section, you know, you'll hear often times Mobile mobile consumption patterns have changed everything. How are we doing there and the fact is that as you can see By this graph companies that began here before 2008 2009 are all disadvantaged Platforms designed before this era are all disadvantaged because They had a legacy of desktop computing as the core Whereas all platforms that started afterwards Have less of a legacy problem because bless you because they began with different stacks They began with mobile as a simple factor So when you ask yourself Why is it that at WordPress the ecosystem? It's hard to catch up to anyone who's over here. Number one This is lots and lots of euro lots and lots of money Over here. This is like a massive amount of money number one and number two the timing was off So if word pray if Matt Mollinow egg like we're cloned himself It was like that's that's kind of that's that's not correct if Matt were to sort of arrive again over here It would be a different system, right? But it's not that's a fact. We can't go we can't change time travel, etc So we have two facts working against us But that's okay Because what I believe is that we have people who are still the believers who think they can somehow Beat this system number one and number two though. We need a way to innovate to find solutions faster That's why what is so neat about bringing the processing people Who really I do believe wish they had more things to do Watch out. Don't don't tell them I said that but but they're all out there and they don't know about us and They have amazing they have they have all the VR AR stuff figured out They have all the data visual system figured out and if they dock into our system. I find that kind of exciting Because it means it'll be we'll be able to start to see different Innovations on the mobile platform with this thing is this am I connecting with you? It's kind of hard to because I'm not sure if I'm saying things right because I'm not supposed to be asleep right now Is that working is that that so so big takeaway? This is a this is a this is a problem or said differently. It's an opportunity and Then said differently this thing that happened Processing for Android talking to fluxi Connecting is a landmark achievement This has happened in the last two days It's kind of like trying to connect two parts of railroads together No one knows it now except all of you here in this room Don't keep it a secret Tell people so I like to first send energy and love towards Kate and Mark right now. Do you feel the love? Again, it's still in the dirt. It's still its seed. It hasn't popped out yet But I imagine that a year from now. We'll see processing experiments using mobile Talking to the WordPress ecosystem at scale. Wouldn't that be neat? I'm looking forward to that all of you are too good Okay Peanut butter and chocolate covered everything covered. Okay. Good. All right any questions? Yes, go ahead As we move to maybe a screen list thank you Yes Who is the oh who is the Yes, so glad you asked this question the people that know the best are people who cannot see I Mean this in all My sincerity because we just discovered that you can talk to something and get it to do something People who cannot see do that all the time So I believe that this group of people who we've largely ignored You know besides some accessibility things as you bring into the foreground are going to teach us new patterns So it hasn't happened yet, but it will happen if we are inclusive of those groups Yeah, I mean we all know about Alexa and how funny it is when you when you're around like so you can't say You know, so you know, it's not perfect yet Yeah questions Okay, everyone's afternoon. No coffee. All right


Welcome. My name is Lisa Bartle, and I am one of the reference librarians at the Fowl Library. This video covers writing academically, the mechanics and style of academic writing. In it I will discuss Microsoft Word settings, common errors in mechanics, style and diction, and differences between disciplines. Let's begin. In most academic writing, one inch margins for the sides, top and bottom of the pages are the norm. This is the default for Microsoft Word and for Google Docs, so it shouldn't be a problem for you. Spacing, however, is not as straightforward. You might know that double spacing is standard, but Microsoft Word thwarts us all by including additional spacing after each paragraph as a default. You can see it here, and even if you can't, your professor certainly can. Click the up and down arrows and look down. The default has two lines. One says add spacing before paragraph, while the one below it says remove space after paragraph. Click the one that says remove space after paragraph. A safe choice for academic writing is always a 12-point Times New Roman font. Recently, the American Psychological Association has expanded acceptable fonts to include Calibri 11, Aerial 11, Lucida Sands Unicode 10, Georgia 11, and Computer Modern 10, as well as Times New Roman 12. The Modern Language Association isn't as specific, but Times New Roman 12 is specifically mentioned as acceptable. Of course, always use the font preferred by your instructor, even if it differs from this video. Common Errors in Mechanics It's true. You will be judged by how you communicate. You will be judged by potential bosses on your resume. You will be judged by actual bosses and colleagues in your work life. You will be judged and graded by professors in school. In fact, you will be judged by anyone who has chance to see your writing from formal reports to casual emails. That's a bunch of good reasons to learn the mechanics of writing if you haven't yet. Other good reasons include avoiding misunderstandings, as well as winning or losing court cases. More on that later. Because I need us to share a vocabulary, I need to start with the independent clause. Don't worry, I'm not going to go too far into the weeds. Before you, stands an independent clause. Each part of the sentence below is an independent clause, and each can stand alone as its own sentence, if we choose to break them apart into their own sentences. A run-on sentence is when two independent clauses slam into each other. No lights, no signals, just smash. Let's look at the graphic. Hunters please use caution when hunting pedestrians using walking trails. That's a scary sentence. And it's scary because of a lack of punctuation that would clarify the meaning. On the left are more actual run-on sentences from student papers I have read. I was fed formula my family members were breastfed. Schools are important in children's lives, it is important as a parent to be involved. This also applies it is healthy for parents to play. This must be limited, it is dangerous to commit. Some of these examples attempt to use a comma to signal the independent clause, but they are using the comma incorrectly. The first one doesn't even try, but they are all wrong. One of the jobs of the comma is to separate two independent clauses as long as you follow it with a conjunction. Here are some examples. Brent wants to play for UCLA he had trouble with the writing standards. No, that is absolutely wrong. Brent wants to play for UCLA. He had trouble with the writing standards. That is choppy, but it is correct. You've made two sentences from two independent clauses. Brent wants to play for UCLA, but he had trouble with the writing standards. Gama conjunction! That is correct and better writing. It takes two choppy sentences and blows them together as two independent clauses with a comma and a conjunction. Another example. Stacy chose to study at Panera the noise bothered her. No, no, definitely not. Stacy chose to study at Panera the noise bothered her. Again, choppy, but correct. Stacy chose to study at Panera, yet the noise bothered her. Gama conjunction! Yes, one of the jobs of the comma is to separate two independent clauses as long as you follow it with a conjunction. In the cartoon you see, let's eat grandma. And under it, let's eat grandma. Yes, the comma is the difference between an invitation to share a meal and an invitation to cannibalism. There we see a dependent clause, and below him the fragments of sentences. Each of them is a dependent clause and cannot stand as its own sentence. Another thing commas do is to separate an introductory dependent clause, word or phrase, before the main independent clause. Let's look at the examples. Since Brent wants to play for UCLA, he must meet the writing standards. Since Brent wants to play for UCLA is at the beginning, before the independent clause, and it cannot stand alone as a sentence. This means that it is an introductory dependent clause. Place a comma after it, then it is followed by an independent clause, something that can stand alone as a sentence. He must meet the writing standards. Another example. After Stacy went to Panera, the noise bothered her. After Stacy went to Panera cannot stand alone as a sentence. It is an introductory dependent clause before the independent clause. The noise bothered her. There must be a comma between them. However, she studied with her headphones on. Here, however, is an introductory word preceding the independent clause. She studied with her headphones on. An introductory word followed by a comma, then the independent clause. For the most part, I will have my child in after school activities. For the most part is an introductory dependent phrase. It cannot stand alone, so put a comma after it. Then the independent clause, I will have my child in after school activities. Commas can also be used to separate non-essential parenthetical words from the main sentence. That means that you could remove the comma and circle chunk, and the sentence would still stand clearly and completely. The examples. The students in the class, Humanities 350, like to participate in the discussions. You can see that we could pull Humanities 350 out of the sentence, then it would read, the students in the class like to participate in the discussions. Perfectly clear and correct sentence. That's how we know Humanities 350 needs to have commas on each side to indicate that it is a non-essential parenthetical phrase. Brent, I understand, wants to play for UCLA. I understand can be removed, and the sentence is still clear and correct. Brent wants to play for UCLA. Put commas on each side of the understand to show it is a non-essential parenthetical phrase. Stacey, so far as she is concerned, will never study at Panera again. Stacey will never study at Panera again is a complete sentence. The non-essential bits may add nuance, but they remain non-essential for the meaning of the sentence. So wrap commas around so far as she is concerned. To the side, you see a graphic of how punctuation changes the meaning of words. The first one, a woman without her man is nothing, uses commas to indicate non-essential parenthetical words separated from the main sentence. The meaning of the sentence is that woman is nothing. While the second woman, a woman without her man is nothing, uses a dependent clause acting as an introduction without her, ending with the independent clause and the meaning of the sentence, man is nothing. Two opposite meanings solely through punctuation. Commas can also separate a series of items in a list. That's called a serial comma. In the graphic, I like cooking my family and my pets. Another bloodbath due to lack of punctuation. It would be so much nicer if it read, I like cooking comma my family comma and my pets. Notice the difference in meaning in the following examples. I went dancing with your parents, Lady Gaga and Brendon Urie. That one has three people involved, the I, Lady Gaga and Brendon Urie. That's not a serial comma. But the second one, I went dancing with your parents, Lady Gaga and Brendon Urie. You see the serial comma here. And in this one, there are at least five people. The I, your parents, I'm guessing at least two, but there could be more parents, and Lady Gaga and Brendon Urie. Let's talk money. The one million was divided between Mary, John and Frank. In this one, Mary gets 50% of the million, and John and Frank get 50% of the million to split between them, or 25% each. Great deal for Mary. The one million was divided between Mary, John and Frank. Here, Mary only gets one third of the million, while John also receives one third, and Frank receives one third. Not so good for Mary, but better for John and Frank. Next example. We invited the strippers, JFK and Stalin. Here, there are two strippers, and their names are JFK and Stalin. We invited the strippers, JFK and Stalin. At least four people. Here, we don't know how many strippers there are, but since it's plural, there must be at least two. There could be 20. Who knows? Also, JFK and Stalin came. They are probably not strippers since they are distinct from the strippers in the series of people listed with the serial comma. I promised earlier that you can win or lose a court case based on punctuation. There was a real lawsuit with a dairy company in 2018. They were forced to settle because the agreement that was written up lacked the serial comma, also called the Oxford comma. The meaning of a labor contract was altered because of it. Five million dollars for want of a comma. We are finished with commas, but please don't imagine that's all there is to the comma. Take a look at a grammar book at the Fowl Library. Let's turn our eyes to the apostrophe. We will discuss the apostrophe for possession and for missing letters. The graphic reads, I can't believe I went out with an apostrophe. He was so possessive. In the first box on the left, you see the correct use of an apostrophe to signal possession. The hero's sword, which means the sword belongs to the hero. The DVD's case, where the case belongs to the DVD. And AD's music, where the music belongs to the AD's. In the next box, you see a contrast to possession, with the same words when they are simply plural. Many heroes just means there is more than one hero. Several DVD's means more than one DVD. And this is one you see incorrect all over the internet. The plural decade. You can see this is a simple plural of the 1980s, which means 1981, 1982, 1983, just a plural on the entire decade. Before you slap an apostrophe on a word, make sure it is signifying possession or belonging, not just more than one of the object. The box on the right is to show the use of the apostrophe with letters that are missing from a word or phrase. Its owner versus it's the owner is a tricky one I admit. The first seems to mean possession, and it does. But we can't use the apostrophe here. Why? Because contraction trumps possession. Contraction is saying it's rather than it is. We smash it is together and place an apostrophe to signal missing letters. That's why we can't use the apostrophe for it's, even though it's possession. Yes, it's a bit of a trick question, but it's something that is often seen in student writing. Were versus we're is one I saw in papers more than I'd like. Were is the past tense of the verb to be. I was, you were, we were. Were is the contraction of we are. We push them together and use the apostrophe to signal there are missing letters. Till is a word we use orally quite a bit, but we don't write it very much, as it isn't correct for academic writing. It signifies until the u and n are missing, so you put the apostrophe and use till. O'clock, however, has been in use so long most people don't even know the contraction was invented because of clocks. O'clock used to be said as of the clock. Now we have the O apostrophe and clock. To sum up, apostrophes are not plural. They signal possession and missing letters. Here is an example that some might even wonder what's wrong with it. When you aren't sure if a phrase is correct, put it in an entire sentence. In the graphic we see employees only. But if it were a sentence it might read employees only may enter here. When we turn it into a sentence, we can see that the use of the apostrophe to show possession is completely wrong. Employees here is simply a plural. Finally, please know the most common homophones. Two, two, and two are different words. There, there, and there are different words too. Loose and lose are different words. It's and it's are different words too. Your and your are different words. And while these are not strictly homophones, are and our are not the same word. And a particular bugaboo of mine. Please remember this sentence. In regard to good manners, please send your regards. Student often use in regard to, but they make it plural. It isn't plural when used in that way. It is singular. It is only plural when you send your regards, your best wishes, your kind thoughts. Please, it's in regard to. If you don't know the difference between these words, please use Google to look them up. Let's talk redundancy. Here are some examples from student papers in red with my corrections in black. In the first example, as a child grows more even more questions arise. My correction is, as a child grows, dependent introductory phrase, more questions arise. The duplication of more and the use of even isn't necessary. Concise and clear is what you want in academic writing. In the second example, the second step is schooling or where the child will get its education. My correction is, the second step is deciding where the child will attend school. Be clear in your statement the first time. You'll notice I also elevated the diction using the verb to attend. Clear and concise. The next example, professors have first priority. This might not seem incorrect to you, but if you aren't explicitly discussing distinct levels of priority, putting first before prior is redundant. The word prior itself means first or before, stemming from prior. Professors have priority is the correction. The final example on the slide. I was taught as a child and know now not to spill things. All those extra little words. Clear and concise. My correction is, I was taught as a child not to spill things. Let's move on to style and diction. Diction involves tone and word choice. Is your tone conversational, as you might speak with another student in a casual conversation, or is it the tone of an educated individual in academia? Over time with practice you will learn to adopt a more scholarly tone in your writing. Word choice is another aspect of diction and it can also convey the tone you should strive for. Be concise is what I've been saying, especially with regard to redundancy. However, when students make their first attempts at scholarly diction, they tend to get way too wordy. You can see in the two examples below that the language is trying too hard and becomes bloated. The first example reads, at this point in time we can't ascertain the reason as to why the screen door was left open. Yes, ascertain and as to why are elevated language, but we are talking about a screen door. You see how the context is not scholarly? So, ascertain is inappropriate as to why is just wordy. We don't know why the screen door was left open. In the second example, basically, in light of the fact that Congressman Fuentes was totally exhausted by his last campaign, there was an expectation on the part of the voters that he would not reduplicate his effort to achieve office in government again. We have language that isn't entirely inappropriate in tone, but like Winnie the Pooh, my correction eliminates the bloat while maintaining the tone through appropriate diction. Because Congressman Fuentes was exhausted by his last campaign, voters expected he would not seek reelection. This third example also has bloat. It reads, my sister, who is employed as a nutritionist at the University of Michigan, recommends the daily intake of megadoses of vitamin C. And my correction reads, my sister, a nutritionist at the University of Michigan, recommends daily megadoses of vitamin C. And did you notice parenthetical commas used with a nutritionist at the University of Michigan? Just a little review to help. As a part of diction, do not use slang or idioms. For example, don't use kid. For academic writing, use child or adolescent. You see an example from a student paper with the sentence, I will keep weird friends out of the house. First, the tone isn't academic. The word weird is slang, so tonally it's inappropriate. But it's also unclear. After all, what is weird? My idea of weird might be different from your idea of weird, so the word choice doesn't work on at least two levels. I can't even correct this because I don't know what it means, but it's wrong for academic writing. Here's a little comment you might have seen from professors before. In my opinion, most professors would say, Of course it's your opinion, it's your paper. For most academic papers, you state your possession with an authoritative tone, then you prove it. In my opinion, sounds wishy-washy and redundant. And while the use of I can be a bit split in academia, most would still say to avoid it. It can be a crutch and can lack the objective analytical tone most professors want you to learn. But it certainly can depend on the type of paper you're writing for your professor. Proofreading. I used to hate proofreading when I was a college student. I think it might be because I, like you now, didn't know the rules. So how can you proofread without the knowledge? You need to work at gaining the knowledge through reading, writing, and listening to feedback. But don't let the fear of proofreading make you procrastinate. Write your first draft to get your ideas on the page. Edit to the best of your ability with corrected punctuation, spelling, grammar, and diction. That's what proofreading is for. Even the best of us can appear lazy, sloppy, or uneducated without proofreading. Here are some actual examples from student papers. Some might be typos, but it doesn't matter. We have incorrect words, as in, when they are at little, remove at, making if black masculinities. If should be of. Fowl language. Is a chicken not talking here? Maybe a duck? Should be fowl. Next, there are examples of incorrect capitalization, such as I, and not capitalizing the next sentence after a period, or the lack of a capital P, as in, Professor Bartle. Looking at incorrect punctuation placement, many people put the comma and period outside quotation marks. While there are times to do that, your default should be to place them inside. Americans generally place punctuation inside quotation marks. Use that as your go-to choice, so you will be correct more often than you are incorrect. Don't forget your subject-verb agreement. If the subject is plural, then the verb is plural. A group is a singular object, so it would take a singular verb, as in, a social group is often associated. And you can see I have added for emphasis the earlier diction examples, including the word kid and the word weird. After your final draft, check with someone who knows. Check with your professor to make sure you understand what she or he wants from the paper if you don't understand. Check with librarians if you don't know a grammar point. Though we do not proofread, we do answer questions. And go to the writing centers on campus. There are several. Let them to help you move the final draft into the final paper. And listen and learn from their feedback. Let them help you. Finally, if you have a friend who is a better writer than you are, let them take a look. They cannot rewrite it, as that is academic dishonesty, but they can tell you if you're being unclear, they can tell you if your logic is flawed and doesn't prove your point, they can tell you if your writing is awkward. Then you can make changes or talk to a tutor at the writing center based on their feedback. Let's turn this ship a bit and talk about plagiarism, which if your friend from above rewrites your paper, you are doing. Meet Phillip Muson. He had his dream job. He worked for IGN, playing video games, and reviewing video games. But in August 2018, he was caught plagiarizing. He stole words and he stole the structure of other people's reviews. He thought he wouldn't get caught, but he was caught, fired, and made a laughing stock and a pariah of the game industry. He will never get the same gig again. Plagiarism is like a drug, and once you start, you may not stop. And there is no excuse. It can get you flunked, it can get you expelled, and it can get you fired. So let Phillip be a cautionary tale for you. Just so we all know what plagiarism is. Using the exact words of another writer and not using quotation marks and citing it. Using your own previous work without permission from all instructors involved. Submitting a paper written by someone else, such as a friend or an internet site. Using too much of other works, even when cited, so that the paper isn't your writing, but a patchwork of other writings. Copying sentence or paragraph structure while changing some words. Using another's ideas without citing. All of these things are plagiarism. There may be some I've missed. Just because I didn't spell it out doesn't mean it isn't plagiarism. Ask if you have any doubts. There's often a point in a student's writing where they become worried about what isn't plagiarism. What doesn't need citing? Ideas or facts which are common knowledge. Proverbs or well-known quotations. Your ideas and your personal opinions. If you are unclear about what common knowledge is, check with your instructor, a librarian, or a tutor at one of the writing centers on campus. You've made it to the last bullet! Good for you! Differences between disciplines. Even though you are writing nonfiction in an academic paper, you still have a narrative.  But the form of that narrative can vary based on the discipline. This usually isn't something you need to worry about too much until you are an upper division student or a graduate student. In the last few slides, I will address some of the differences in writing academically for the humanities, the social sciences, and the sciences. The humanities. The humanities deals with the interpretation of texts, whether in words, still images, or moving pictures. The structure of these papers is to a certain opinion, then support textual evidence, often a brief quotation, then discuss the significance of that quotation. Sentences are longer and more complex, though varying in size now and then is good style. Titles can be clever or playful. Paragraph transition to other paragraphs elegantly and smoothly. The writing itself is the main part of the research. There are often many brief quotations smoothly written into the narrative. That means you want to blend the quotation within your own sentence structure. Citation style is almost always MLA, but it might use AP. Here is an example of humanities paper. There are two different titles on the left and a snapshot of a part of the paper on the right. Notice the titles. The titles can be brief or playful, while the subtitle provides a more scholarly explanation of what the title means. Typical humanities. In the sample of the paper, you can see a couple of very long quotations, but you can also see a single word here. Large, small, and medium, the humanities love their direct quotations. But make sure your paper isn't an overloaded collection of quotations. Each one should have a purpose in the paper. Otherwise, yep, it's a kind of plagiarism. The sciences. The sciences tend to disseminate the results of performed experiments. Perhaps you will be asked to imitate the writing of a scholarly article describing an experiment. If this is the case, the type of paper follows, though is not limited to the structure of introduction and literature review, methodology for the purposes of duplication, results, discussion, or what the results mean, and conclusion, what direction to go now. The writing is much more concise, not playful or flowery. Rather than smooth transitions from paragraph to paragraph, the headings do the work. There is still a logical narrative, both clear and precise, but lacking the elegance or metaphor of humanities writing. It has its own scientific diction. Citation style can vary considerably based on discipline, such as AMA, CSE, ACS, AIP, IEEE, APA. If you don't know all of these abbreviated citation styles, don't worry about it. Just know that there are many, and your professor will tell you which one to use. Here is an example of a science paper with two examples of titles, as before. The title is factual and specific. Often it is unintelligible to those not in the field. That's because it's written for other people that are equally knowledgeable rather than undergraduate students or the general public. Notice the headings, the lack of quotations, and the emphasis on data. The social sciences. The social sciences tend to walk the space between the humanities and the sciences. When publishing an experiment, it may follow the same structure as science, with introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Headers here, too, often do the work of transitions. The writing is clear and precise, but not always as sparse as the pure sciences. Paraphrasing is used more often than direct quotations. In fact, the APA 7th edition actively encourages paraphrasing rather than direct quotation, unless the quotation is a definition or particularly well-phrased. Citation style is often APA, but could be AAA, ASA, or others. Again, don't worry if you don't know these. Your professor should tell you what style to use. Just know several exist. Here is an example of titles and the first page of an article. When it comes to a specific writing style within your discipline, you will want to refer to its style guide. It provides instructions for how that discipline writes. I've listed the most common on the slide. Elements of style isn't a specific style, but it is a delightful, brief book. The others are specific style guides. Sometimes, these style guides will disagree on small points. That's OK. Even some of my advice might disagree with one of them. I've sought the majority opinion for this video rather than a specific style. Don't be afraid of it taking time to learn your academic vocabulary. But don't let that be an excuse for not striving toward it. Read in your discipline. Write in your discipline. Discuss in your discipline. Ask about your discipline's vocabulary. Ask a professor or a librarian. Look up your discipline's vocabulary in a subject dictionary. A librarian can help here, too. I hope this video has been helpful for improving your academic writing. Please consult a FAO Library Librarian if you have any questions.


every Catholic father.  There is no better example of a Catholic father than Saint Joseph, because God gave this man as an example also. A Catholic father I think had to give more an example, not so much with words, but with his example. And show the children really this paternal goodness that the children can trust in him, that he protects them and simply gives an example.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazby's case breaks calm coming at you with 2021 a panini select baseball Hobby pack number two the last filler we got to do to unlock that 1989 over deck baseball break, which is coming up in the next video Now we've got three different dice rolls happening here folks We were actually giving away a few spots within this pack break So if you bought a full spot straight up, you've got a chance at an extra spot And that extra spot may come in handy. Let's roll it randomized in five and a four nine times top three after nine Get extra spots two three four and Ninth and final time after nine. We've got Carl Brennan and Lonnie with extras and put little rooftops next to your name so you know that they're from That those are your winner winning spots winner spots winning spots All right, so now let's do the pack break itself So the second dice will be names and teams third and final dice will be the giveaway part All right, three and a four seven times for names and teams and seven than final time three and a four seven times and Seventh final time. All right, there's the first half of the list right here and the second half of the list over there No trades. Let's just print. Let's rip Let's rock. Let's roll Dylan Carlson seager. Davy Garcia. Who is a barrio Shane Bieber? Dylan Carlson nice Cardinals player here a lot of upside That's gonna go to Barry David with that rookie car. Now. Let's flip back over here. Let's gather everyone's names again And let's see who's gonna win those 11 spots in that upper deck break Let's gather these in. Let's put you in a new list and new dice. Here's some new dice right here Let's roll it randomize it five into two seven times. So top 11 After seven seven eleven one two three four five Six and seventh and final time So top 11 so already you can see from 12 down to 30 sad times But I appreciate you giving it a go. Thank you Top 11 happy times for you because you're in the next break Carl is in so is Brendan Kevin Barry Kevin Lonnie with the extra spot Lonnie again Brendan Matt Carl and Carl There's your 11 right here. Thanks for watching everybody I'll see you in the next video for the next break Jasper's case breaks.com


The BQ-24074 USB DC and solar battery charger. Super cool feature of this is, of course, solar.  And in this case, I'm going to plug in one of our little USB power boosts. So this is now converting whatever's coming off that battery. And now I can plug some USB whatever into it. So you could charge a phone off of here. In this case, I've got one of my little Korg NTS-1 synths plugged into here. And so now, right, I've got a USB device. I'm in the sun. I'm charging. I'm running this off of here. I'm charging the battery. So I'm running off of a stable supply. Product pick of the week this week, it's the BQ-24074 universal charger with DC, USB and solar.


Seismic waves are generated by earthquakes. For example, two tectonic blocks suddenly slip. There is energy that's generated by that earthquake and that it moves through the earth in the form of seismic waves. We record the ground motion by sensitive instruments called seismographs. Some researchers use seismic waves as a tool to basically study the interior of the earth in the same way that the medical doctors use x-rays to look at the interior of the patient's body. Apart from seismologists who use seismic waves that penetrate deep in the earth's interior, there are also mineral physicists who use experimental setting to look at the behavior of rocks at high pressures and high temperatures.


Hey everyone, welcome back to the last Prime 5 news episode of the week. We got five big stories we need to dive deep into because, oh boy, has there been a lot of weird things happening this week? We get to revisit the DeNuvo stuff because there's actually been some conversation from the actual developers of DeNuvo on how it works and the fact that Nintendo has nothing to really do with it. So that's maybe a bit of a positive. We also have some notes on some anti-cheat measures that Nintendo has implemented in Splatoon 3, which is a big deal since we get to play it this weekend. Oh, and Nintendo and Microsoft are actually talking about price hikes and maybe just not doing them because why would you? That and more on today's Prime 5. So let's get into the news. Our first story deals with Nintendo and Microsoft reassuring consumers that no, unlike Sony, who reported yesterday has increased the price of the PlayStation 5 in the entire world except the United States by 20%. Yeah, a little bit of an anti-consumer move. Well, Microsoft and Nintendo have now commented on it and good news is, no, they will not be matching the price hike from Sony. Let's get into it a little bit here. So, Chintura Furukawa actually told investors at the last investors meeting that he would not be increasing the price of the Switch despite inflation, but after Sony made its move, it was a little bit fair to wonder if, hey, now that somebody did it, would Nintendo and other companies follow suit? Well, VGC, Video Game Chronicles reached out to Nintendo UK, which UK has one of the major price hikes for PlayStation 5, and Nintendo told Video Game Chronicle that they have zero plans to increase prices despite Sony's move. More than that, Microsoft isn't going to increase prices either. They released a statement to many media outlets that simply says they want to offer gaming fans great options, and then they go on the list, the current MSRP. Notably, Nintendo did say that retailers themselves may screw around with the price, making it lower or higher, but that Nintendo themselves has not changed the MSRP, nor have they changed how much they are charging retailers for the units, nor have they ever done that with Nintendo Switch. This is actually important to note because in some territories, we have seen some retailers drop the price for Switch a little while ago, but it wasn't per Nintendo's guidance, so we now have confirmation that none of those retailer price drops or price hikes had anything to do with Nintendo. They never changed the price behind the scenes. Moving on, another controversial story this week was that the Nouveau is coming to Nintendo Switch. Well, now some representatives from the Nouveau have spoke about this at Gamescom, so let's dive a little bit into it. And here's what they said. Since the announcement, there have been some concerns raised about Nintendo's possible involvement in Nouveau because Nouveau uses DRM and a whole bunch of stuff that people just don't like. According to Kotaku, a Nouveau spokesperson has clarified that Nintendo was not involved in this new Switch DRM initiative. The solution is apparently a response to demand from Nouveau's existing publishing partners, and it's also stated how performance won't be impacted, and here's a direct quote from the representative. Because of NDAs, we are not allowed to disclose company names, but we can say this solution comes from strong demand from publishing partners. Software publishers and Nouveau take great care to deliver the best experience. The protection is designed to not affect the gamer's experience, and it does not have any in-game performance impact. It is the same for this new solution when protection is only active in non-performance critical code parts. Nouveau also mentioned how the tech for Switch would not require online checks, and was the solution designed to be fully offline. Also, what's interesting is LuigiBlood, an actual game developer, had this to add about Nouveau. It may not be obvious, but this anti-emulation system has to be approved and within Nintendo's requirements, or else it's not going to pass the lot check. It also cannot be a DRM measure. Nintendo is the only one with DRM control on their systems. It's only DeNovo in name. Then he goes on to say, Nintendo is clearly not involved in this, and if Nintendo was to develop anti-priority slash anti-emulator measures, you may as well include these things into a module on their software development kit, not a separate third-party thing. So the major takeaway is that DeNovo is not using DRM because it isn't allowed to. It kind of sounds like maybe it was much to do about nothing because it's just DeNovo in name. Its practicality use cases might be slim to none. Now our next story is really, really quick. We just got some Famitsu game sale updates, and I just want to note, I'm not going to go over all the numbers here, I'll show them on screen, but what you're seeing here is that Nintendo owns the entire top 30 sales charts. So games on Switch own the entire top 30 in Japan for last week. Nintendo has owned this before, in fact they've owned the entire top 50 at one point. It has been a while as PlayStation has gotten some of their games onto the charts, but now Switch is back to dominating all over again, and it's like we're just back to 2020 yet again. Now I do have two stories I want to end today with about Splatoon 3. The first one is about the Splatoon 3 Switch OLED Edition. It went live a little bit after midnight, central time last night, and a lot of online retailers are now sold out, but notably, you could still find it in many retail stores locally. So if you are interested in Splatoon 3 OLED Edition, I just want to remind you, hey, maybe after work today, or whatever you're doing, if your workouts, or whatever's happening, some light gaming, maybe head on over to your local Walmart, or Best Buys, Game Stops, et cetera, and see if you can pick one up if you happen to be interested. I know I'm still kind of vaguely interesting picking one up for you guys just so I can give it away next month, but we'll have to wait and see on that. And our last story again has to do with Splatoon 3, but it's because we're dealing with an anti-cheat system Nintendo has implemented that we already know exists because people are already trying to cheat in Splatoon 3 before it even comes out.   Well, first starters, the demo is technically live. You just can't do any online matches. You can create your character and run around the town and that's cool. It just sort of seems like it's intentionally live so people can preset up their characters before the big test tomorrow, but here's the thing. People said, that's not good enough. We want to modify our game to do more and that is how this was discovered. So all this information comes from Oatmeal Dome on Twitter and he said, players were modifying the demo files and reloading them on their switch to enter the testing range before Saturday. This constitutes modifying the game and most of these accounts have had their accounts and console banned. Oatmeal Dome has confirmed this but won't detail how the system works since the security measures only work due to lacking information publicly. Basically, at least at launch, it's going to be very hard for cheaters to modify their game to gain an advantage, something that was a big issue in Splatoon 2. And I know some people might not think it's a big deal that these modders are accessing the entirety of the range which is the practice area before tomorrow, but it is a big deal in that it's a modification of the game files. Basically, they take the files, they port them over to PC, they modify them, put them back on their switch and this is exactly how cheating worked in Splatoon 2. There were a lot of cheaters in the upper ranks of Splatoon 2. Nintendo tried to catch them here and there and banned them but they didn't have a really full anti-cheat.  I've never understood why people modify and cheat. I get that people want to gain competitive advantages in these games but also get good. Like, can we just get good? How about you actually get good at Splatoon and be good at it based on your own merits rather than cheating using aim bots and aim assist and morphine and like there's a lot of crazy things that happen in multiple other games. Just get good! How hard is it to get good? Anyways folks, I am Nathan and RoboJesse from Nintendo Prime. This is our last Prime 5 episode of the week. We've got some giveaways going on down in the description so go ahead and check that out. Pin comment as well. You guys are amazing as we wrap up our August. We've got just a couple days left. So woo, we'll see you guys. Well, I don't know, sometime this weekend.


Hey, what's going on everyone it's be Avery here again for another trailer reaction It's that time that everyone's been waiting for a Marvel just release their Thor Ragnarok official trailer This isn't a teaser. This is the official trailer Everyone was most anticipating the Marvel haulage panel because hopefully they're going to be doing well They are doing Thor Ragnarok Black Panther footage. Hopefully and maybe we'll get some infinity war But first up is this Thor Ragnarok official trailer. So let me stop talking put on these headphones And you guys can watch me Watch the trailer here we go So much has happened since I last saw you Lost my ammo like yesterday, so that's still pretty fresh And then I went on a journey of self-discovery But I met you Music You have no idea The goddess of death is invaded as God. Oh, I've missed this And you and I had a fight recently. Did I win one easily doesn't sound right? Oh, it's true. Oh, it's dead And it'll be reborn in my image. I thought you'd be glad to see me I need to stop her here and now to prevent Ragnarok the end of everything So I put in together a team Days This is gonna be such fun Yes What were you the God of again We're the same you and I just a couple of hot-headed fools. Yes same.  Well kind of both like fire, but Hulk like raging fire. Do I like smoldering fire? I got sir. Oh, baby. Yes.  Oh I feel Let me calm down Surder is so freaking powerful like when he was fighting against like Odin way back in the day It was like Odin and Odin's two brothers or whatever It took all three of them to defeat him and they didn't even defeat him like Odin's brothers like died or something And then Odin was able to get like the life force of his fallen brothers. And so that's So that's when Odin got powerful. What's the power called? The older than I just said the autumn forces the autumn force, but yeah, this trailer looks good I did get a little nervous at the end right there seeing the Hulk talk or whatever because I don't necessarily know how I feel about a Conscious Hulk to where he's able to construct cynicism whatnot Not that that's bad, but sometimes it can get a little corny back in the day with old animations and comics and stuff like that But you know, I'm not gonna grab on that but other than that man This trailer looks so serious. Are you like real talk like did you see Kate Blanchett or whatever as hella the goddess of death She looks freaking amazing the way it was like she was like transform or powering up or something when she did like this and like There was like a red or around her or whatever. So that looks super duper dope. I Cannot wait to see And everybody was speculating at the doing the teaser trailer Which came out April of this year that we think that we've pretty much seen the very beginning of the movie where It's the contest of champions and Jeff Goldblum's role is the Grand Master or whatever So it's pretty clear now that that's all of the very beginning of the film We see Mark Ruffalo here as the Hulk talking about where are we?  So it's gonna be Thor Hulk Valkyrie and Loki or whatever and let me try to look up something real quick. This is being directed by Taka watiti Hunt for the Wilder people is a movie. He did before this which I did not see Where were you at?  I know Yeah, Dr. Strange is gonna be in this. He just elbows him there. I don't know now Something that stood out to me too that scene at the end were Tom not Tom Houston, but God Chris Hemsworth Thor or whatever he had the haircut and he was like powering up what electricity powers or something At first when his head was coming up like this I thought that was better a bill and better a bill is like some alien or he's like a He's like an alien. Well, everybody in these things are aliens But he is part of this group of people I think are the carbons or the carbos or carbonites or something I could if I'm wrong living on the comics and it kind of looks like a dog like a skeleton dog or something He's basically I has the same power as Thor and instead of his hammer being called morning more near like Like doors is called Stormbreaker or whatever and Odin didn't make that for him He out. He's also worthy of handling more near. I can't say that right now morning I don't know why I can't talk right now said that more near whatever, but I thought that was him I don't know what was going on with with Thor for some reason I can't talk when he was powering up or whatever because I'm thinking that he did get did he get that built Like how Drupal's this power or double this power? I don't know But this trailer looked amazing like I cannot wait and it seemed so freakin colorful and just the designs were great a lot of people were complaining and saying that In the teaser trailer this kind of reminded them of Guardians of the Galaxy. I mean, I mean, yeah But I really don't care about that plus we found out news that was y'all recently that at the beginning of Thor right Yeah D23 that came out last week that they showed the footage to wear in the infinity war to where the Guardians of the Galaxy run into Thor in space or whatever. So guys this trailer look great.  Do you agree with me or do you disagree with me? Let me know in the comment section below Let's get this conversation going and keep it flowing and if you liked this video Go ahead and give me the thumbs up and if you don't like this video, that's fine Just leave me a comment below why and still give me the thumbs up since your why this is on YouTube Go ahead and subscribe to my YouTube channel So you get all the content that I have to buy you can click the bell So you get notified when I do uploads go to my website booking me up book market checking me out there and also looking Me up on social media and guys it's that time, you know, I hope for the bad about the drop of Black Panther trailer I'm super duper excited. I would love to be on the red carpet when that movie comes out It's a long shot. Hey, but I'm going forward and you can help me get there by sharing this video 1000 times because I just love Black Panther Marvel comics. I'm black that movie comes out in Black History Month I'm just so freaking excited. So I would really appreciate you helping me show this 1000 times But guys, I just want to thank you again for tuning in for my opinion slash reaction to the latest Thor Ragnarok trailer And before you go, don't forget that my name is Brennan Keith Avery and that's just my opinion peace


One day, a 15-year-old boy went to the richest man in town and asked, �Mentor, what can I do to become someone like you when I grow up?� The rich man looked at his face and told him, �Leave like no one, dear like no one, learn from me.� While it�s often very difficult to accept the fact that we have responsibilities for our lives or that we are the cause of our wars, if one of us can look deep and be honest, we can see how our decisions and mindsets are responsible for the kind of life we have today. In today�s video, I�m going to be sharing with you the 5 Fs that are likely to keep you poor forever so that you can avoid those Fs. If you�re new here, consider subscribing so that you won�t miss other interesting videos like this. 1. Fear One day in the year 2008, my only brother told me, �You see, I don�t really like my job but I have to endure it.� That was about 12 years ago and guess what? He still does the same job up till this morning. What do you think about that? Well, it�s called fear. It�s the greatest enemy of mankind. It�s the reason why we let wrong people remain in power. It�s the reason why billions of business ideas are never taken action upon. It�s the reason why most of us leave an unfulfilled life. It�s the reason why most of us are poor. It�s the enemy of all human advancements. If you allow fear to control your life, it will not only control it, it will paralyze it. Dreams are good. But good dreams and great ideas usually come with some serious risks. If you cannot dare the devil, you cannot win the trophy. Here is the simple formula I used to overcome fear. �I fear a future with regrets.� This is how it works. Since fear is essentially what no human ever overcomes, the best way to overcome fear is to use fear against fear. So when I decided that I wanted to become an entrepreneur, I used the fear of poverty to overcome the fear of not taking risks. Whenever I want to pursue a significant dream, I use the fear of future regrets to force myself to do whatever I have to do now. So it�s actually very simple. Since fear is poisonous, poison fear with fear. And you will neutralize fear. 2. Friends So, let me go straight on this. If the 4 closest friends of yours are broke, I know the 5th person who is broke. If the 4 closest friends of yours are negative, I know the 5th person who is negative. If the 4 closest friends of yours make excuses and complain about everything, don�t even bother to tell me about yourself. I know who you are already. As a matter of law, humans are the products of their environment. None of us is strong enough to be different from his immediate environment. Yes, we can change our environment. We can change the people we spend time with. We can stop listening to discouraging family members. But as long as we keep these people close to our lives and meet with them frequently, we hardly can be any better than they are. What even makes this worse is that you don�t usually know when your friends are poisoning you. Believe me, my life changed the day I changed my friends. Today, I have very few friends, less than 5, but these 5 people are like 500 to me. None of them makes excuses. None of them complain. None of them is negative. Every single one of them reads, learns, and has ambitions. 3. Fun Okay, so young people won�t like this. But let me tell you, life is about work, work, and work. Forget the nonsense anyone can say that they need pleasure and fun so they party every weekend. You don�t need fun. You don�t need pleasure. So someone will ask me, �You really want me to work, work, work, and work like a slave?� No. I want you to figure out how to make your work your pleasure so that you can derive joy in your work. Here�s the thing. Most people don�t know. The more you love your job, the less entertainment you�ll need. Show me anyone who consumes entertainment 7 hours each day. Show me anyone who parties every week and I will show you someone who doesn�t like a part of his or her life. Either work or a family. Don�t forget this. The more you like your job, the less entertainment you�ll need. 4, family If there is anyone who would ever tell you to take it easy, that person will be from your family. If there is anyone who will ever caution you, who will ever advise you to live a normal life to do what everyone is doing, to follow the normal route, that person is going to be in your family. The reason is very simple.  When I decided to be an entrepreneur, the people who loved me the most are the ones who wanted me to repent. The best way to handle family is to hope your relationship will be better in the future. I mean, whatever is your life�s purpose has to be pursued, regardless of who is on the way.  I left them, rarely visited any one of them or allowed them time to have negative conversations with me. Today, all of us are back to where we were before the break.  Because if you do what everyone is doing, you�ll get the results everyone is getting. 5. Facebook and Social Media Several months ago someone came to my apartment and noticed that I didn�t have a television set. Then he told me, �You�re the only man I ever knew who doesn�t have a TV.� Well, I deleted my personal Facebook profile in 2017 and I never used Twitter, Instagram or anything like that. But why? Well, whatever anything is too interesting, I always suspect them. My problem with TV and social media is that they are too interesting. When something is extremely interesting, only a few humans can use them without being addicted to them. The problem with addiction is that the only things you�re allowed to be addicted to are the things that lead you to your life�s purpose. Whenever you are addicted to something which doesn�t lead you to your life�s purpose, you�re sacrificing your own life for someone�s purpose. I don�t see how anyone will waste 7 hours every day on social media and still hope to be rich. Now, let me clarify something here. Though I no longer use social media for my personal use, I still use social media. Yes, you can come across me tomorrow on TV, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or whatever. But be sure whenever you see me, I am there for money or to further any of my life�s agendas. This is not to say that you shouldn�t have fun or entertain yourself but my mother often said too much of everything is bad. Whatever is extremely interesting should enter your watch list. Whatever takes away 5 hours every day needs to help your life�s purpose. In summary, fear your enemy. You won�t be rich until you do what most people and you won�t do much until you poison fear with the fear of future regret. If you want to know your future, look at the faces of your closest friends. People who love you will keep you from daring your dream if you allow them. The more you like fun, party and social media, the less joy you have and the less progress you�re making towards your life�s goals. I hope this video helps someone. We love you