Ok, so we're about to begin our interview with George Demopoulos, the interviewer as usual will be William McRae, and we are currently at the Miguel Campus in Montreal, and it is November 12, 2015. So let's begin. So just to start off, could you please state your full name? George Demopoulos. And where were you born? Ok. What should make you what age? 64 I guess. 64. And as a child what did your parents do? Basically farmers, although my father worked for the railway company, you know as a public servant but in a village and at the same time he was a farmer. Ok. And as a child what did you do in Athens to pass time? No, I was born in Athens but I grew up in a village. Ok. Yes, just simply my birth place was in Athens but otherwise I grew up in a village about 130 km southwest of Athens by the sea. So you know I went to elementary school there and nearby high school in a town about 10 km from the village. I grew up until the age of 18 when I moved to Athens to pursue my university studies. Ok. And as a child what were your pastimes or were your go-to activities? Just getting together with other boys in the neighborhood playing soccer and swimming during the summer, fishing because our houses were by the sea. Yeah, things like that. No TV, no video games. Yeah. Imagination. Yeah, yeah a lot, a lot of imagination. But something that was very important in my upbringing is that my father, my parents also run a small general store and coffee shop and you know the elders of the village will come and have their coffee and play cards. So I will listen to stories from them. Ok. The other thing is that we had to buy a newspaper every day for our clientele and that newspaper became my window to the world. So I developed an interest about world things. Like I remember even the death of Madin Moroi or you know the assassination of the President Kennedy when other kids of my age didn't know or the political situation in Greece or in Africa. But I remember the liberation movement about all the new African countries that were born after the colonial rule. So that was through a newspaper that was arriving every morning that opened my eyes about the world. No journalists, I was just thirsty to learn what was happening beyond my immediate neighborhood and group of people that I was living with. Which can be quite isolated. Yeah, it was isolated. I mean it was a big event to go 10 km to the town. You would not go unless there was a reason. Bicycles were the favorite means of transportation. So 2-3 km distance from the house and back. And I remember little boy looking about 10 km horizon and I thought that was another country. That was the end of Greece you know. So you have such a limited idea of the world. But anyways I was growing up and I was 10 years old. You know that newspaper became really what opened my eyes. The gateway. The gateway. So tell me about Athens. You went to Athens when you were 18. 18, yeah. Persu Education. Exactly, yeah. In Greece there are national wide entrance exams to get to university. So I wrote those exams. But I had to prepare with some tutorials and so on. So I went to Athens for one year and then I was admitted to the National Technical University of Athens. That was the school of mining and metallurgical engineering. That happened in 1970. And I was for 5 years. It was a 5 years program. It follows the German Central European System. Engineering takes 5 years. Now with the European Union things have changed. And this is equivalent to the master's program. So yeah, I spent 5 years 1970-75 in the Polytechnic School of Athens. Any specific classes that you remember loving or at least being good at? To be honest with you, the first 2 years were not very... I was not paying that much attention to classes. I was just happy that I got into the university. I was a village boy, you know, moving to a big city. So many things. So I was not paying that much attention. But really end of second year, third year, the last 3 years. The subject about metallurgy attracted me more attention. I had more interest in chemical things. The chemistry side of things. So the processing of metals, the extraction of metals from minerals. And then making alloys like steel. Learning about this unique... The moment you add a little bit of carbon in iron, the properties change and you have different grades of steel. And still it's so important in modern society. And we had a good professor who was explaining those basics. I mean, there were more than one professor. And so the metallurgical side attracted me more. But still, you know, not really having yet settled into what exactly I want to do. Just I knew that I want to work more on the metallurgy side of things, as opposed to mining. I spent 2 summers working in another ground mine. Oh, because it was a mining and metallurgical engineer, right? So we had courses in mining. We had courses in metallurgy. We had practical exercises. You had to go... You had co-op work. Like co-op, there were obligatory... You learn to deal with people working with regular blue-collar workers, or the engineers, and you see the profession in action. And that was... No matter the technical side of things, that aspect of the social interaction with fellow workers, more senior or labor, etc. This is a great opportunity to learn as a young person. How was working in the mines? How was it? Did you like it, or did you realize that metallurgy is more my thing? No, I didn't mind working in the mines. It was a lot of fun. I mean, I was young and so I remember helping people with the support of the tunnels. But I remember I had long hair, not like right now. The workers always would joke with me, going cut your hair, etc. But I'm glad I had long hair and I enjoyed back then because now I don't have any. So anyway, it was not... Nearby, at the mine, there was a mineral processing plant, a flotation plant. In flotation we use chemicals to separate one mineral from the other. So although it was not part of my... I was working in the underground mine, but I would go and watch what was happening. And the chemicals, even the smell of the chemicals attracted me more. So gradually, you know, I shifted into the metallurgical mineral processing plant beyond extracting metallurgy, what we call in our field. Okay. So after school, what would you consider to be your first job? Yeah, okay, so about a year before I graduated, summer 1974, I saw that there is this program EIST, which still exists, but it's not that well known in North America, but definitely it works in Europe, where students can find jobs to work in another country during the summer typically, like a co-op or internship. So I applied and I was chosen to go for a job in England. That was my first trip outside now, Greece. So summer 1974, I ended up in a suburb of Birmingham, who also was the Elkington copper refiners. Elkington was the first to develop copper refining using electrochemistry. And I enjoyed very much.  I loved so much the whole aspect of it. It was basically secondary copper that was fire refined and then electrode refined. So I would go into the plant, take samples, go into the analytical lab. I remember my hard time with English. I started learning English late and perhaps I never mastered English even now. But the bottom line is that, again, I found a job there, working environment, the metallurgical plant that gave me so much interest to work. So I go back to Greece after the summer experience. So I said, hmm, maybe it's not enough just to get my first degree in engineering. I want to do some research. I want to get a master's degree. And with another friend, fellow student, we applied. And we got to different universities in North America. And McGill was nice, kind. Thank you, McGill. And we got a scholarship. I got a scholarship and I came to do my master's here. Because I felt staying in Greece was for me to go to serve my military duty, because it's obligatory. It's one year. Back then it was two years and a half. It was 30 months back then. Now it's one year. But simply I felt that the first degree didn't satisfy my educational thirst. So I needed to learn a bit more. So I'll go for a year and a half to do my master's and come back. And that's how it started now. My life on the other side of the ocean. So talk to me about your first experience with Canada, with Montreal, with McGill. Yeah, so I arrived 40 years ago. Exactly 40 years ago. No, that was September 13, 1975. I arrived at the airport. And I came to McGill to this department. It was mining and metallurgical engineering. We're housing another building where mining is right now. There were a couple of friends that were together in Greece that were waiting for me. We shared the same apartment. It was a very modest scholarship. Something like a couple of thousand dollars to live for the whole year. But enough to support my studies and start my career here. I registered. I had a supervisor, a professor of this team. He was a hydro metallurgist. So Professor Williams, who was the chairman of the department, said, you go to work with this professor. You get the scholarship to work with that professor. So I started for a couple of months. I said hydro metallurgy. I don't know, I want to work with steel making. Like I said before, steel was much more magical as a material, as an alloy, etc. And I go to see Professor Williams and said, can I change supervisor, change project please? He said, yes, you can change project. But the scholarship does not follow you.  So I said, no, no, no, it's fine. And I have all my respect and I'm thankful to Professor Distin as supervisor for how patient with me, coming from another country and so on, supported me. So I did my masters. And hydro metallurgy became the expertise. I became an expert in hydro metallurgy. And really I loved the whole thing to the extent that still I'm teaching hydro metallurgy 40 years after. Although at the beginning I had my doubts. And I'm very thankful to Professor Williams who insisted. George, you do this project or no project for you. Well hydro metallurgy, you had mentioned in the beginning you loved how the fact that you can add one chemical compound or one element and it can change. I mean that's a lot of hydro metallurgy. But I was thinking at that point about returning to Greece. And the industry, the metallurgical industry in Greece was more pyro metallurgical, high temperature furnaces, steel making. So I said, job opportunities for hydro metallurgy in Greece. So I had that narrow view. I've always coming back. Yeah, which kind of influenced a little bit my early thought. But that after starting working and enjoying and learning that part of metallurgical engineering, I liked so much that I never separated from it. So were there any drastic differences you noticed with the Canadian university versus a Greek university or even in the metallurgy departments? Or the things that they did fundamentally different? Big difference. The Greek university was very traditional. The professor was inaccessible. He had his circle of assistants. So and they were very strict and so on. Here I was shocked with how accessible the professors are. Like having coffee with your supervisor and calling first name your supervisor. It took me quite some time to be able to do that although my Canadian fellow students were doing this with their supervisors. So it was that openness, that accessibility, this encouragement. You know, the chairman of the department stopped me at the corridors and asked me, Oh, George, how is it going? And also I remember seeing, yeah. I mean, the chairman of the department that was no way that you can, as a simple student, go and talk to him in Greece. That he was so accessible that really made a big impression on me. And of course, you know, it was more about getting support to learn to do better. Like Professor Williams suggested me and a couple of other fellow students. He gave us support to travel all the way to Vancouver in 1977 to attend the conference of metallurgists there. That was a discovery trip for me because we drove four of us all the way from Montreal to Vancouver and back and between discovering the country, camping, all these things that were new for me. But he was that professor, Professor Williams, the chairman, who took a personal interest.  But that support. So that was the environment really that was so different, as opposed to where I came from. Not that I didn't get support in Greece, don't take me wrong. Simply, it was much more austere, much more traditional system than what I found here. Yeah. So did you ever, did you go after your, this was your master's at McGill? Did you ever go into industry or did you stay more in the academic? I stayed all the way academic. Was there a reason for that or? The reason, I like the research, doing research. But there also was a little bit of, you know, I had good time as a graduate student. That was the best time. I don't want to move into, you know, to start some kind of serious commitment. So, you know, being a graduate student still was, there was a commitment, you had to do your research, etc. Write a thesis at the end of the day, but it was not like working in industry and so on. So, but I liked research. So I was offered a scholarship to do my PhD and I continued with Professor Distin here at McGill. What was your thesis? About my first thesis, my master's thesis was about leaching of copper sulfide minerals. A subject that's still relevant today, it's amazing. There's a lot of hydro metallurgical process development for calcopyrite and still we haven't mastered that. I learn a lot about that and I'm proud that the external examiner of my master's thesis was Professor Birkin of Imperial College, one of the modern fathers of hydro metallurgy. He had written a textbook which I had the opportunity to read and it opened my eyes a lot about the chemistry of the hydro metallurgical processes. And therefore my PhD I work on solvent extraction of metals, you know, using organic solvents to separate again copper from other metals. And I don't remember now. I think it was Professor Habassi, the external examiner of my PhD thesis. So solvent extraction back then was like a revolution for hydro metallurgy, was something totally new. And here in Canada we had a leader in the field, Gordon Ritchie. He was with KANMET, Natural Resources Canada on Booth Street in Ottawa. So I wrote to him towards the end of my thesis and said, you know, I would like to come after my PhD to work with you in your lab. And he accepted, I received a visiting fellowship from the government of Canada. Because back then, yeah, I had just turned, I get my permanent residence visa around that time. So I moved to Ottawa and I worked as a post-doc for two years with Dr. Ritchie who really, he wrote a book about solvents extraction. He was the founder of the hydro metallurgy journal. Everybody in the world wants to publish in the journal. That was Gordon Ritchie's creation. He created the hydro metallurgy section of the Metallurgical Society. He created the annual meetings that we have as hydro metallurgy. So it was a very dynamic in the 70s and early 80s when I finished 81 my PhD was a very dynamic domain. I mean Canada and the research, the universities and government laboratories were really number one in the world. We had Professor Peters at UBC. We had companies like Sherrod, Gordon, Miranda, INCO, Falconbridge, you know, developing technologies. But the Sherrod name of course was a big to me because in my PhD not only I worked with solvents extraction but also with hydrogen reduction. It's a method to produce metal powders using hydrogen. And Sherrod Gordon has commercial, I mean they were pioneers in the late 50s with this kind of technology. So Canada was a very attractive country and place to do research in hydro metallurgy with many, many, many leaders. Which I'm afraid is not perhaps the case now. That's a different story. Yeah. Would you like to elaborate on that? Because it's not the first time it's been raised. Yeah. Well, start with government laboratories because we start with universities, right? Here I am a professor of hydro metallurgy. If I retire tomorrow, who knows if there will be someone else to continue teaching hydro metallurgy. This has not been secured yet. Of course there are other places like UBC that is doing very well. They have a critical mass. The industry has moved in thanks initially with Professor Peters. And then now Professor Dresger and other members of the group there are doing great. And there is a critical mass. Back then we had Professor Cooper at Queens. We had Professor Habassier at Laval University for example. But Laval does not have hydro metallurgy. It has mineral processing but does not have really hydro metallurgy. Will McGill have hydro metallurgy? Queens now has a professor, a young professor in hydro metallurgy. UFT has hydro metallurgy since the early 90s. Professor Papangelakis, who I'm proud to call myself his supervisor. So there is definitely a strong presence at the university level but apart from UBC there is no critical mass in other areas. So there is always the element of risk if there will be continuation. That's the university situation. Now we come to government laboratories. Kermit is not there anymore. I mean it is there. And actually I'm proud that another graduate of mine, Janis Zink, a woman. She is leading the metallurgy group and the environmental group at Kermit in Ottawa. But the reality is that it's not the Kermit of the 70s and the 80s. It's not. It's not the Kermit of John Deutre Jacques or Gordon Ritchie. You know, these names were known to everyone around the world that will read about hydro metallurgy. So government laboratories, there were provincial government laboratories that do not exist in Ontario, Quebec. They do not exist anymore. So the government withdraws from research. We had companies, corporate. We had here in Montreal we were lucky. Noranda Technology Center was a flagship. I did for 25 years I was working with them. I owe so much the support I received because as a professor if you are isolated in your lab or in your classroom you don't have a lot of influence, a lot of potential. You need that back and forth with industry to work so you need to get support from them but also to train good students that they will hire and also work on projects of interest to them. So the companies INCO, the Sheridan Park, big laboratories worldwide known and other companies. I mean, I mentioned Sheridan before, Cominco, Falcom, but just in Noranda Technology Center that I know so much even they demolished, there was a modern building and they demolished even the building to build the condo or apartments. The Canadian leadership of Canadian corporations like Noranda, INCO, whatever, it's gone. There's no leadership, there's no ownership. No, if they exist they're all owned by outside companies now. Yes. Like Vale. It's Vale and Falco Bridge now it's, it was Extrata and now it's Glencore. I mean, Canadian electrolytic zinc outside Montreal. You know they have a couple of years with their present contract. Will Extrata continue supporting them or they will pull the plug? You know the decisions are taken outside the country. There is no as far I'm concerned strong leadership, national leadership when it comes to matters of R&D for the mineral metal sector. Maybe the mining, they create the mining innovation council but that stops mining. But we have to add value to our minerals, not just raw material, commodity. I was going to say it's funny because they go hand in hand, I mean mining and metallurgy. That was the winning formula before, like INCO had the mines but also they had the smelters and they developed technologies, the carbonyl process you know and other companies to produce high purity nickel powder. You know you can use it even for batteries and so on. But there is no such vision anymore. There is no. The government is more or less out. There is no private corporate. But we have one winning sector here, engineering companies, Hatch. Hatch, I'm proud to associate myself with Jerry Hatch and I owe a lot to him because it was thanks to a gift that he gave to McGill University that I was hired 1987. Otherwise I would not have been a professor. I mentioned before about professors of hydrometallurgy. Without that private gift from Jerry Hatch, I would not be here talking to you today. So Jerry Hatch went out, he started in the 50s with a company of five engineers and he built 10,000 person company, global engineering powerhouse. We have Essence, we have BAA, we have METCAM, we have many other engineering firms. That part of the industry is doing well and we still have a big name for our graduates to find jobs and so on. But the research side suffers. You had mentioned universities and government, so you had mentioned that government does not seem to push or try to develop R&D in general, but also create leaders like you had mentioned in NutriZac or Fadi Abash, any of these big names. So you had mentioned the government, do you think it's also just an interesting, like in schools are there less people who decide to take hydrometallurgy or specialized in metallurgy? That's a myth. If you have professors teaching hydrometallurgy and doing research in hydrometallurgy, students will come to you, especially when the projects are supported from industry. And these graduates with a master's or PhD, or even with a bachelor's degree, they will find jobs, meaningful jobs, good jobs, they will make a contribution. But when you see less and less from the industry side, therefore the students will not show interest. I know that there is a competition, like in my department, I live this here, I'm the chair of the department now. We are materials engineers, we are not metallurgical engineers. We are unique, we start with mineral processing. The students learn from minerals all the way to electronic materials and biomaterials, like, you know, hip replacement materials, you know, not just metals like titanium, but also materials like fluoroapatite or artificial bone, etc. All kinds of overseas is going on. So a student, obviously, he's overwhelmed now where I'm going to meet actually the undergraduate students today at 5.30 to hear the reviews about our program and so on. But yeah, they're overwhelmed from mineral processing all the way to advanced materials. So, yeah, the reality is that still more jobs exist in the traditional fields. You know, the mineral processing remains strong, but the metallurgical jobs, they're less and less. I mean, we don't have still companies anymore. I mean, the Dofasco and Stelco, etc., they're under other hands, or Ipsco, whatever was the name of the company, Saskatchewan, Regina, now it's Russian owners. Nothing against international ownership, it's a global game, I mean, trade and so on. But a country should reinvest some of the revenue, profits, whatever we generate into R&D and into training HQP, we say, highly qualified personnel. People who will become leaders tomorrow and will generate wealth. So, we need to invest more on the human knowledge capital. I don't know. Right now, we're in a transition period. There is less research than necessary. The R&D spending by Canadian mining companies is down. And they include usually as research exploration, trying to find new ore bodies, etc. Well, this is not research. Of course, without the ore bodies, you cannot have a mine. I agree with you. But research is to go beyond to optimize the process, to reduce the energy that you use, to reduce the environmental footprint, to make new products, add value, generate more jobs that will be exportable. People would like to buy your product, not just your raw material, not just tonnage of coal and unprocessed oil or unprocessed copper ore or whatever. Anyway, that's a challenge. Yeah, for sure. Thanks. So, speaking of research and lab work, you told me a bit about your research, what maybe what stands out throughout your career, what you're proudest of, and hydrometallurgy especially. Well, I'm proud of the people that did their postgraduate degrees with me for masters and PhD. Many of them, they are successful in their careers. Senior positions and so on. So, number one, it's people. And people have to realize that the universities are for producing, you know, like NSERC, the natural sciences and geniuses, highly qualified people, people with qualifications. So, that's our product and I'm proud of the people who have worked with me over the years. We have done, as far as I'm concerned, good work in the area of different hydrometallurgical unit operations, autoclave processing of ores and concentrates, solvent extraction, and precipitation crystallization processes. And I can mention our work on arsenic immobilization, stabilization, which relates to crystallization that started 20, 25 years ago. And now it's a commercial reality in Chile. And it was a PhD student of mine that persuaded his company, Kodalko, the number one copper company to go that way. And I have to say something here about, you know, Canadian companies in the field. It's thanks to Canadian companies that I did this research. Because to do research, you need to have master students, PhD students, who you have to pay them to support them. The money comes from companies plus the government. So, we get grants and we pay the students and they work on a project. So, I was fortunate to get support from Canadian companies and the Canadian government for that research. I will go to conferences, present this. People will have nice things to say, but always questionable. You know, they will question if this is practical, this way, etc. This is on arsenic. On arsenic, yeah, they work on arsenic for many years. And it was only, and even the Chileans that they have a big problem with arsenic, back to 96, 97, they gave me a contract. So, a postdoc of mine goes down to Chile. He runs experiments. We demonstrate you can make, corrodyte the particular form of stable arsenic that can solve the problem of pollution. But I don't know if it works. There was skeptical. But 10 years later, a PhD graduate of mine from Chile, he was hired by the same company and he was told, deal with the arsenic problem. So, he did what he learned here and eventually there was a process that they piloted and they installed and it works. Just the lesson is that I was fortunate to get support from Canadian companies, but we don't have any application of this yet in Canada. I hope one day it will be. But or something else. But the bottom line is that this was a very rewarding work with the people that they did the work, the companies that they helped. And eventually to see also in Japan there is interest. I have been invited a few times. They have developed a variation of this corrodyte process. They are in China. They are interested in their other countries. But things are moving a little bit slowly because I have to say that when it comes to environmental technologies, the mining companies, they are not proactive. They are reactive always. It is only when they don't have a right choice. As a non-metal artist, could you tell me a bit more about the work on arsenic chemistry and maybe in layman's terms and its environmental side to it? Or how it works. To describe a little bit more of this process. Yeah, in the process you worked on. Okay, so when you process let's say copper concentrates or gold ore that contains arsenic, that arsenic is mobilized as we say. It's released. It's not anymore in a mineral solid form. So either we'll go into an exhaust gas if you use a furnace and you collect it as a dust. Or we'll go into a waste water stream if it's a hydro metallurgical type of plant. So now you have two types of waste. One is dust that's, you know, it's arsenic trioxide. It's the form of that dust which was used as poison during the Roman times and during the Burgias papacy.  So you have this type of either in a liquid form or in dust. The dust form what they were doing, they will stockpile in underground tunnels for example in a dry area. They will contain water because immediately arsenic will go into water. And we have a bad legacy right now in Canada. And the Yellow Knife area, Northwestern Territories, there was a gold mine and a smelter, a roaster. And they have 250,000 tons of this dust stored in underground tunnels. The company went bankrupt about 15 years ago. Royal Oak I think was the name. And who inherited all this mesh? The federal government which means the Canadian citizens. To clean this legacy waste and the government has a technical panel, a committee, experts. They looked in different options but it's in such bad shape those underground tunnels that they cannot send workers to remove the dust out to process it. And they are talking more than one billion dollars to rehabilitate and stabilize. And this is only one example of a waste form of arsenic that has been badly managed. Now if this dust is accessible, I can take it and process it in tanks with acid and some addition of iron. And we make then from the arsenic a synthetic mineral called scorodite. That's a compound that contains iron and arsenic and oxygen. And what can that be used for? Nothing. It's just not... That's stable though. It's not like the arsenic trioxide, the oxide of arsenic that's very soluble. That one is stable. Now when I say stable, don't take me wrong. Nothing is stable 100%. I mean it's earth, it's a dynamic system. Things change. I mean just we want to make sure that the weathering of that mineral, the gradual release of arsenic will be below a threshold that will pose any risk. And we do all the studies and not ask hundreds of people. There are a lot of papers about the arsenic and that you can maintain very low concentration. It's funny because drinking water always mentions arsenic on the label and they say arsenic zero. Of course nobody will drink water with arsenic but I don't know why they have always the arsenic mentioned there. But if you had paid attention. So that's what we do. We can take that dash, we put an acid solution with some iron. It's like a chemical process and we precipitate, we make that powder particles of that synthetic mineral. Then we can dispose in a land field which is properly engineered. There's a certain way to place toxic waste. Although it's not any more hazardous and toxic like the acid oxide because it has very low solubility. But nevertheless we want to be extra careful. So we're going to enclose in some kind of insulating burial site. And if it comes in contact with water. If it comes in contact with water then some arsenic will be released. That will be below the level for example below 0.5 or 1 part per million. Which when it's diluted in water then you go below the 50 parts per billion and so on. You are safe, you don't have to worry. So that's one way about the dash. Or there are other forms. You may have an acid waste stream already containing arsenic. That's the situation for example in Chile. And you can precipitate that arsenic again by controlling the chemistry of the solution of the acid and the iron and the arsenic and the temperature to form that synthetic mineral. So the idea is let's return arsenic back to nature as a mineral. Because scorodite exists in nature. Therefore that's the approach we took. But there are more. We have developed even a second level of protection. Now this scorodite mineral material we are going to encapsulate into an inert matrix. That will be totally protective. So it will be another layer of protection. I mean research keeps bringing new ideas. But eventually if research is not applied. But I hope one day all these ideas will be useful. But in the process we train people. And these people learn and they go and they work for companies. And they solve other problems that companies have. So they have that knowledge and that methodical approach and technical expertise and so on. So did they apply it in Chile? Yes since 2012. Now here's a big question. But again no wrong answer to this. In your opinion because of this project that we're doing. Are there any events, people, inventions, disasters, anything whatsoever. That you believe must be mentioned when talking about the history of the natural resources in Canada. You caught me there with him. And I mean maybe nothing comes to mind. But it could be one person specifically you think really changed metallurgy. Or it could be like I mentioned earlier maybe a disaster or a problem that needed to be solved. And was or wasn't but changed everybody's perspective for the best afterwards. Well I will mention Jerry Hatch because he was nice to me. But honestly he saw the importance of being you know using when we design a metallurgical complex. You know a furnace etc. That we use sound engineering principles. And we design processes that they are efficient and so on. So it was like a paradigm shift. You know himself he was a practicing consultant engineer. He built the company and so on. That was big and still we benefit because like I said thousands of people are employed and Canada is known for that. Well there was of course the acid rain problem. Back in the 70s that we had in Sudbury right. All the SO2 releases to the smelting which was solved by you know having acid plants built and so on. I was just talking about that the other day with a colleague. And how growing up when I first started going to school and he's a bit older and when he was going to school. No no. We would both hear about acid rain and it being an issue and we were actually wondering what happened. Is it completely solved or? Well it is. We don't have a problem anymore. I mean it was the Americans with the coal burning power plants. They continue for some time after the Sudbury smelters and so on and Noranda in Northern Quebec. They install acid plants that they were a bit late coming in. But from what I understand yeah this has been solved. There is another problem the acid mine drainage problem. And the industry changed the terminology to acid the rock drainage. Again not to give a bad perspective to mining.  At the same time you take out some waste rock. That you dump it. You know nearby. And that rock because it's iron sulfide starts reacting with the elements. And releasing acid you know. So you have acid release and heavy metals and pollution and there is a big problem. But it didn't meant which I don't remember mine effluent neutral discharge something like this. And so the industry has worked a lot on that. For me you know the technological aspects were of interest like this solvent extraction you know. Good enriches work. Because it was not only practical that they develop processes that they are used worldwide. But also was the knowledge the books the scientific journal the scientific meetings. But you said disaster. Yeah I mean if there might not be just another angle to. This disaster is when you hear in the news you know some tailings pond that breaks and then release the waste. And I was once expert. And I had visited Guyana. There was a gold mine operated by Canadian company that the tailings pond with a lot of cyanide. There was a bridge that was not properly. There was a fight between it was the engineering front who built it or the operating company responsible. The bottom line is that all this cyanide laden waste dumped into the river. Luckily you know there's a dilution effect and cyanide does not last long. It's there's natural degradation. But those things give a very bad publicity. But I think the company starts response to this thing just we need to be more proactive. And be more you know go for a better technologies and develop technology and commercialize technologies. Not just look around and use technology. No let's make also let's innovate innovation. It's a problem in Canada especially in our field. Thank you. I'll finish with a few more social questions. One one that's I find quite important about women and you've worked more in the academic world. We see the graduates who eventually end up working for the company. Yeah exactly. So this is where it starts. But throughout your career have you how present or absent have women been. So I mean it might be drastically different from back then to today. But if it is isn't how has that changed. You know I come from Greece and it's interesting that their women are leaders in engineering. You know there is more than 50% of the incoming class are women. Really. And here in North America engineering is not appealing at all to female students. No it's like 20% or something. Yeah 20%. Yeah maybe we get 25%. And we have a problem. It is true that we have a problem. We need to increase the number of women. I'm proud to say that you know in general I get more than 25% of my graduate students being women in my group. And there are some women out there working that I remember how I recruited them and now you know they work in big companies and so on. And how they started their career you know uncertain if they would be welcome or not. So we need to do more. We need to have more role models. By the way last August when the conference of metallurgists in Toronto and we had the symposium devoted to the memory of Lucy Rosato. With the women of impact. And of course we had you know Mary Wells the president who organized that. There was a great initiative and Indira Samarasakara who was one of the keynote speakers and other accomplished women. But on the hydro metallurgist side we had organized a symposium called Lucy Rosato. Lucy Rosato that I had the good fortune to work with her for 25 years. She was my age but unfortunately she passed away 7-8 years ago. She rose to become CEO of a company. And she hired women. The technical superiority than being a woman. You know a woman lining the roster section you know. And it's great. We need more. We need more and we need maybe scholarships to some affirmative action you know. Or NSERC at certain point in the past they had the program about women faculty awards. So a university to hire a woman as professor. The governor will pay for 10 years part of the salary. To be you know more yeah we need to do that. To attract you know the young girls and boys of course I mean science. In general we have a problem attracting people to science. Right now our universities and engineering schools my department for sure. We are full house you know sold out you know from an admission point of view. Because we attract international students. International students. Very known for that. I mean if you were at the convocation two days ago with convocation the fall convocation. And you will see the faces of the graduates that working by and graduating. Even medicine engineering and other you know fields. It's those who have international connection. So we need to make science and engineering more attractive to young people. But also reward them right. Reward them. You know with good meaningful jobs and so on.  But we need. And we need to work on things that they will mobilize their imagination. For example myself despite the fact that I'm late in my career. Now I'm working on energy projects. Lithium ion batteries for electrical cars and photovoltaic materials. And you say how you go from hydro metallurgy to this. And that's what I'm doing I show to my students that the processes used to make the materials for those advanced technologies. They have a lot of similarity with hydro metallurgical processes. Just you know we need to pay attention to some other properties and so on. I'm not saying it's straightforward but things like that definitely attract attention.  You hear Tesla the electric car you know. Can we create a little bit of baskin can we create a little bit of more dynamic innovation. We had Blackberry I mean such a big success story. And we didn't follow up because of course you cannot expect only one. You need hundreds of small medium sized companies coming up with innovation including the mineral metallurgical world. The new technologies will be created by those companies and then the big companies will choose some of those technologies. Will choose some of those technologies to implement and so on. Well there is an interest more and that includes more women now and that's the environmental sciences. Environmental green you know. Yeah that type of engineering. So who knows maybe that's going to really explode in the next few years. I mean everybody loves like you mentioned Tesla and Elon Musk right a lot of people now see him. Yeah he can walk on water. Exactly so maybe there's a door open there. One last question before the last closing question. If you believe there's a disconnect between the natural resource world and the general population. If you believe there is one and if so why. I guess I mean we saw what happened with the Keystone XL pipeline. You know usually the natural resources industry isn't the news for bad reasons because of some environmental issue. It's unfortunate. It's unavoidable that you know when you have millions of tons of material you know moved to recover some valuable metal etc. That you are going to cause some disturbance. But so incidents where you know accidents happen and publicity you know oil spill whatever and you had birds or you had fish or something. That makes you know the public to be to question you know to be the disconnect. But on the other hand our economy is based a lot on natural resources jobs and so on. So just we need to keep working to find that synergy that golden balance to get the jobs to get the money the wealth out of our resources while be leaders implementing green technologies and one going together with the other. Because I remember 10 years ago or 15 years ago you know with oil development etc. You know or CO2 etc. A sequestration was kind of you know something that nobody was interested. And then suddenly when the industry realized in the government that we need to do something they invest a lot of money but they were expecting within 3-4 years to have a technology that works. And now I hear despite all this investment with CO2 sequestration in Alberta or Saskatchewan we haven't seen yet this really to make any impact on how much CO2 we continue releasing global warming. Well you need to work for 10-15 years. What you were doing 10 years ago? Why you were not investing in research? You industry leaders and you government leaders we have a very narrow view. So if we start realizing this with what we learn from our experience and investing in our natural resources but at the same time investing in R&D that the environmental technologies will protect our water our air you know our fish whatever our soil our communities it's a win-win situation. We cannot live without materials you know materials come from earth. I mean we have synthetic materials but still there are the first ingredients come you know you cannot imagine them. Yeah but we have to return them back you know at the end the life cycle of the material the recycling etc that minimizes the impact. Inevitably there will be impact but we are smart we can figure it out if we try to you know to think beyond the corporate and narrow interest. Just a last question and that is if you were speaking of someone much younger like a student for example what would be the one piece of advice or life lesson you could give them looking at their perhaps their future career? Pursuit you know as career something that you like you must find an interest even if it's not popular even if it's not you know the job of whatever does not look around the corner. Don't think short just be honest hard working learn whatever you choose to learn be good with that keep your eyes open learn from others and ask the questions and you will succeed.  Well yeah some of them they will be very successful and by the age of 30 they will have paid the mortgage of their house etc. Okay that's great but you must like what you do if that's what you like great but don't short circuit yourself and your dreams by by choosing to do something that you don't like because it's it's it's you have a career in front of you like myself I come to work and I like it. You know I'm 64 we said at the beginning and I was asked to be chair of the department I said but the university at the same time gives an incentive program says oh people like me I can work away with one full year salary as bonus. But to their head I said choose can you be the chair of the department for the next three years why because I like what I'm doing and as long as I'm healthy of course. So you must like what you do if you don't like today you came with him from Ottawa. Of course you know and etc etc but but you must like what you do if you don't like what you do it's a long life it's a long life. And then it does have to be work always relate but but somehow the work should bring satisfaction and you start with learning now and ask the questions now that you are a student now that. And that's it. Well thank you. Thank you. I want to thank the Museum of Science and the Metsoc my friend. Some Marcus and all the other guys who will initiate this project it's great we need simply to bring this message to the young people like your last question. And there's a lot of interesting stuff you know so many innovative ideas and so many things to learn and to do. In mining and materials and in metallurgical processes and so on. So thank you and good luck. Thank you.


clutch kick there there's a brace transfer oh my that was a quick aggressive cut but we got this old what's up everybody i'm evil rabbit we're here on forza horizon 4 fortune island staring down an s2k to do a full drift build on it um this is the wide body capable s2k so we're gonna do doing a full drift build on this car all specs power everything and we're gonna shred it we do have the helmet came out today i didn't quite get my audio fixed fully so when the helmet came goes on my audio for my voice might be a little muffled i am fixing that here in the next video or to to uh fix that because you guys seem to like the helmet cam video better than the other video so we're going to uh just get to this can we open the hood on this you can you can look at that nice uh the nice honda vtech right there little four little four banger so we're going to uh do a full drift build on this car so we're going to go upgrade it first and then uh of course after that we'll get the wheel cam turned on we'll go rip this thing so of course the first thing we have to is throw in that rocket pony which i hope gives me fenders there they are that is definitely a very aggressive wide body to say the least so we do it looks like we have an intercooler front unless that's just yep no it looks like an intercooler so we're probably gonna turbo this thing and uh keep stock motor but we're gonna just turbo the stock motor can we put a really aggressive wing on this thing we can put a top secret wing on there that's uh it's pretty aggressively oh no we're gonna do the we're gonna do the rocket bunny wing um that is super aggressive and this should probably build the timetec car um i know urgent is building one of these is the timetec car but uh we're gonna build a full drift car on it and uh we're gonna go full send and do some sport tires and we're gonna go probably two thirty fives in the front and uh some two fifty fives in the rear right i have to throw some really uh some really cool wheels on this car though i kind of like although i kind of like those but i'm not sure what wheels to throw on this car right now i think we're just gonna throw those on for right now they look pretty cool and bump those up to eighteen's this is gonna be a very aggressive car once this thing drops on uh drift suspension hopefully we can get your suspension on this i didn't really look so get wrecked on myself if we can't we're gonna install all the goods there and then we are gonna go install some bigger brakes fill up those wheels oh my gosh uh want to talk about stance this car is aggressive looking i uh i may have found my new favorite looking aggressive car this car is super aggressive so what are we looking at weight wise 28 27 we're gonna lighten it all up we're gonna go all out with this build uh just because we can 300 we may keep the stock uh turbo on there so it's really gonna boil down to the negrity of the settings i don't think we're gonna bump the turbo up too too much we could have put the turbo rally motor in here probably to that or we're gonna go full blown out power on this car so we're at 552 i mean 613 sounds good so that's a very good number so we're gonna install that setup we're gonna get the tuning on it then we're gonna get the helmet cam turned on and uh and we're going to well send it up the hill send it down the hill and uh see how she slides so first we're gonna start off with dropping tire pressures down 24 and 22 to start off we'll leave the gear ratios because we're not sure definitely gonna dial back some camera definitely don't need that much and we're gonna leave i feel like we're gonna leave all that to start zeroed out we're gonna leave any roll bars how they are i think we should just leave it how it sits and see how it slides to start and then uh modify it from there of course we're gonna adjust the brake bias so all we did was dial back the camber and um we're gonna drop this down so we dropped this on the 40 so we dialed back the camber and uh changed tire pressures so we're just gonna go pretty much full send on this right now hopefully this car uh works well so we're gonna get the helmet cam on and get it turned on and uh well we're gonna rip this thing and see how it works all right so we do got the helmet cam on now like i said my voice is gonna sound a little muffled because i haven't adjusted that yet and we're just gonna go and send this car oh my this thing revs so high already oh boy this is gonna be interesting this thing already just wants to go sideways it sounds pretty cool i do like how it sounds oh man that dude just turned right into me vtech kicked in yo all right so let's do this probably be staying in fourth gear and uh we'll see how this thing rips it is a little wet out so see how it handles the rain probably should have oh gone into third so basically out of the basic settings i do feel we need to change some suspension aspects we should probably definitely change our gear ratio because i don't think we can drift in third we definitely need to change our gearing because this fourth is too boggy but third is uh not high enough not long enough so fourth will probably be good going downhill there we go we're just clutch kicking we should be all right so once we get to the top of the hill we're gonna make some uh some tweaks to this car so just a first drift build really here in fortune island that i am doing with full view of all the settings and everything like that if you guys like seeing these drift builds you guys want to see more let me know down in the context down below what car you want to see so we're down in third this is really hard oh we're kind of gripped up there all right so we're going to switch some stuff up grab our uh controller here we're gonna change some things around oh no i don't want to revisit the car i want to uh go to tooting okay yes i understand we're gonna go a little more acceleration so that we can uh get better excel we're gonna change that a little bit go a little bit of positive so we'll leave the caster we're gonna soften up the front any roll bar a little bit to about 31 i'm gonna raise right height just a smidge just because of weight transfer we're gonna lower the rebound and we're going to get rid of a lot of downforce and we're gonna send this and see how this goes on the downhill and see how it works be able to use force gear now yeah that's a little bit better i thought we're gonna log out but we're good this car is so aggressive looking and i feel like i want to build a grip version of this car there we go oh this thing is a lot of fun to drive right now the long e-brake grab a little bit on the brakes the clutch kick there there's a brace transfer oh my that was a quick aggressive cut but we got this old as i say that we lose all control of the car but we got it back we're back in control of it get this little uh we'll hop over hill oh i didn't cut that a little bit too short but we're good and having a lot of fun tuning drift cars on this hill because uh we got a good uh combination of uh technical speed as well as some uh other interesting aspects involved so here we go not the best downhill run but uh anything over 300 000 i'll take so i think those setting changes help a lot so give this a shot for yourself i will upload the tune if you guys want to download the tune yourself we'll do that before the end of the episode's up otherwise you guys can just honestly make it yourselves with the fact that i did show you guys all the settings maybe you can fine tune it yourself oh man i feel like we should hit some of these other uh other parts of here a fortune island right now there we go don't hit that car the clutch kick probably should be in fifth gear but this gear will probably blog down way too much so oh don't hit the car we almost died so this s2k a lot of fun to drive super excited i didn't even know because i didn't look that one of these s2000s could get a full y body and then my buddy urgent sent a picture of his time attack car that he's building and it's a y body s2k so then i looked it up right here at cars unless well this one can get a wide body after asking him how he got a wide body on and urgent being urgent because no urgent giving me a smart comment of um well i put a body kit on it thanks urgent you're the best love you mean it so this says 2000 handles it very good give it a shot for yourself let me know what you guys think i'll put this up before we end this episode off so that uh i'll tell you that i'm putting it up and i forget to just tap oh okay just uh doing a little uh street style driving right now in this car can't break ourselves in a little bit over the curve we're good so if you guys want to keep seeing drift builds here on the channel let me know down in the comments down below what kind of car maybe you want to see drift before you got a specific car you want to get built let me know the plan is to give away those evos on wednesday the plan is to do a live stream on wednesday and uh give those cars away um i will let you know on twitter and instagram if anything changes in the meantime the plan is wednesday to do a live stream here on the channel around 7 7 p.m u.s time to give those evas away here live on the channel so if you guys want a chance to get one of those you have to tune into live stream i will be putting them up in the auction house for you guys to buy for not super expensive so as always you guys know follow me on twitter and instagram all that's found in the description box below this s2000 is uh so much fun and it's just roasting tires so as always guys like thank you guys for coming back and watching i appreciate all the support you give me i will get this audio fixed with the helmet cam here for the next episode or two so that uh i'm not as muffled so as always i like thank you guys for watching i think you gotta come back and all the support you guys give the channel i do appreciate it all i do appreciate reading comments and you know interacting with you guys in the comments so as always i'm evil rabbit and i will see you guys on the next one i ran out of gear oh that's a treat saved it


What's up ladies and gents welcome to the season 3 best list This one was actually quite tricky to make took a lot of research theory crafting that kind of thing But we got there in the end and I'm fairly happy with the results It's gonna be sort of a generalization. So there's definitely item slots that you can switch in and out As certain comps in certain matchups in certain brackets That's just the nature of the game. You don't have any sort of one-size-fits-all thing that's perfect for everything So keep that in mind. We'll talk a little bit more about that at the end And sort of gloss over it a little bit, but at that point it's more You know time to use your own brain If you get to that level you should be doing it without even realizing it. So you'll be fine So I'm gonna start off with the honor gear since that's nice and obvious so we're gonna go with the neck and We give the standard dependent of salvation We are going to go for the wrists Which is the mooncloth cuffs and then the belt is gonna change depending on if your hoarder alliance if you're dwarf Then you're gonna go for the mooncloth belt I'm gonna just put that there for now if you're undead you probably want the energy belt against most things So you you can either skip farming this or you can spend time farming is obviously a lot of a lot of honor time invested to get it So you can get it if you want Most of the time on horde. I'm gonna be using energy belt as It's gonna save you a lot of times Last couple of items are gonna be the ring find it and again if you're on horde You can actually use two rings You can use the season two ring and the season three ring because you're losing some resilience from using the energy belt So you want to make that back up on the ring rings a pretty good slot to do that You can also do it on the boots it depends on whether you or not you have a good PvE boots PvE ring that kind of thing either is fine and Then obviously last is gonna be the trinket. So that's the honor gear. That's nice and easy Now I'm assuming you played Season two and that you have a base gear set. So obviously you got your four mooncloth pieces and I'm gonna I'm gonna gloss over quite quickly of the ordering of What's a upgrade I? Haven't spent that much time looking into that yet So that may change But this is just a business so tell you overall what to get as she most people are looking at it to see what PvE items They should go for so if you are Freshly freshly dinged and freshly gearing up a new character Then I will be doing another video on Sort of what items to go for what ordering that sort of thing as well So that probably will be more up your alley At first compared to this one, which is more for just like being full geared, right? So next we're gonna do legs chest Shoulders and gloves and that's just standard. That's just gonna be the vengeful mooncloth set Nice and easy and obviously you can upgrade piece by piece From your season two As I say, I'm not I'm not gonna go into too much detail now with regards to the ordering Usually, it's like chest and legs are the most impactful pieces So I go for those first. I'm not sure which one this season is gonna be the biggest upgrade But it will be either chest or legs You can easily look out of yourself and then after that I usually go for the weapon and then the offhand Or the offhand and then the weapon Now in season three the wand is pretty good because before we didn't have healing on a wand Whereas now we do so the wand is probably gonna be quite an early take For your resilience set Now let's do the weapons next so that I can talk about that a little bit more now There's two two real options for PvE weapons You got Staff of Immaculate Recovery you got Apostle of Argus Staff of Immaculate Recovery has more regen on it Even though it has a little bit less healing has more staff more regen a little bit less in Overall, it's the better pick, but they are relatively close So if you get Apostle of Argus, it's not the worst thing in the world either Sadly, there is no good one-hander for priests with a good amount of regen on similar to light fathom scepter in in season two as We only really have the crystal spire of caribor and the equip on this is not that good for priests in arena Since you're mostly healing with the Palm Shield Renew and this equip does not affect those spells sadly So the equip is only gonna affect your holy nova and your flash heal and your great heal which is sort of Niche in terms of what spells we're actually gonna cast so usually you're not gonna get a good value out of this So this is where we go for the the staves that have more well-rounded stats So we're gonna put staff of Immaculate Recovery to start with and this is what I was talking about with regards to the PvP Wand so we're gonna start with the narrow blessed life rod and this is gonna be our general healing cell Now if we get targeted or if we're facing something where we know we're gonna get targeted you want to swap to your PvP weapons, which is gonna be The vengeful gladiator salvation obviously it's gonna be the vengeful gladiator of proof and then the wand So this is why picking up the wand relatively early is nice because it's a pretty good pick The problem with it is and this is where your own judgment comes in You're not gonna be using this all the time So if you spend points on something that you're not using all the time you're not getting value out of those points a Lot of the time so it's very much a Judgment call for you depending on what one do you have whether or not you go for this early on And and that's kind of the same for the weapons and an offhand as well, right? Sadly the the shoulders and the gloves are generally not that good So the upgrades on them are also not that good like if we take a look at the the gloves real quickly The merciless one in comparison so you're gaining 10 armor 12 healing sorry nine healing Three in and six down like it's very minor you get no extra region and the the Actuals gain in stats like the ten armor you're not gonna really notice the nine healing You're not gonna really notice because most of your heels are at instance and have low coefficients like shield is like 30% Coefficient right so you're gonna get three in six down. It's it's a very minor So this is why we delay the upgrade on the shoulders and the gloves until last So that's the PVP items that you're gonna generally want as I said This is these these items are to swap on generally you're gonna be using these if you have them, of course And Then for the other PvE items we're gonna go for the t6 helm Same as before we went t4 t5 t6 As usual if you can't get the t6 helm the ng helm is a good grab Cloak, there's a couple of cloaks that are a decent option If you have sunshine already, it's pretty good. It's it's definitely not a bad shine The other two options are shroud of forgiveness and shroud of the final stand If you like shroud of the final stand is overall a little bit more well-rounded Shroud of forgiveness has a lot of stam low int Whereas this is somewhere in the middle So we're gonna go shut shroud of the final stand if you do get the other shroud, that's fine, too It's not the end of the world boots boots is relatively easy to grab just from the hydral trash relatively uncontested So we whack those on they have a lot of stamina decent int and spirit and then two sockets with with good healing and then the ring This this is the the tuffy so Potentially you've got a coral bound of the revived from bash last season if you have that so okay but The intellect is relatively low on this item So even though it has a lot of spirit the in the region on it is not as high as it would seem And band of the eternal restorer has a bunch more intellect it has 10 MP5 which we can equate so about 20 spirit and Then it has the proc as well as more stamina So the stats in this again are more well-rounded and it's really easy to get right you just getting it from rep So we're gonna put this on there for now because obviously we want to we want to factor in how easy the these items to get are as well There's no real other good regen options in terms of a ring So Your third option is actually the band of caribor And this has six MP5 on which is a little bit less than the eternal restorer a little bit less in and stand But it also has the 30 haste on So this is something to keep in mind for sure if you grab one of these You can absolutely play around with it and Then trinket is still gonna be the earring and this is gonna be good for most match-ups if you are playing a lot of faster games in threes then memento can actually be better in Certain situations, but obviously it's way tougher to get gonna be way more contested and it's way more Niche, so you're gonna find that the earring is more useful in more situations, which is why I put it on there And that's it So the PvE gear this season actually not that hard to get obviously we've got a trash cloak here We've got trash boots here a rep ring and then the toughest pieces to get are gonna be the T6 helm, which obviously is is relatively high drop chance and Then the hardest two pieces is probably gonna be the staff and the wand I would say the wand obviously not that impactful So don't stress too much about getting it ASAP the staff is probably gonna be your nicest pickup I would say staff along with T6 helm if you don't already have a T5 home. They're gonna be the biggest bits So next up we're gonna do let's do enchants so After a bunch of research and theory crafting we're gonna go for the 15 hit on gloves again and Thinking about it The helm was actually the better place to put the the hit the 14 hit since we're losing 7 MP5, right? But we're realistically gaining maybe two gem slots worth of hit gems Which we can now use for regen and We have epic gems this season. So this turns into 20 spirit worth 20 spirit better than 7 MP5. So this is why we're going for the The hit and chant on the helm Luna. Do you really want to go out that bad? Okay So this is most of our hit covered and we can get the rest from a singular 10 hit gem Which I'm gonna put in the shoulders Really quickly before I forget about it and the reason I'm putting in the shoulders is because This gets us up to the 3% which is what we need This is us. I we're hit cap now and the reason we put it into shoulders Is because we're not really ever gonna switch the shoulders out You might switch the the neck out you might switch the braces out You know if you are facing a matchup where you know, you're not never ever never ever targeted You can chuck some more regen stuff on some more PvE gear on if you've got it But the problem is if you have your hit gem in there, then you're gonna cause yourself some problems with your hit cap So this is why we put it in the shoulders So real quick segue into it into one jam I'm gonna do the rest of the chance first shoulder and chant is standard We just do the the aloe healing one scryer if you're scryer. It's not a big difference Legs is just gonna be golden spell thread standard boots for speed Yeah, the other cloak is gonna be Spell pen and this is gonna cover our spell pen. This is gonna cover undead racial It's gonna cover mark of the wild make sure you just bow shadow prop because it won't cover that Mark of the wild if you don't dispel it is they're gonna have five resistances So usually your first fill will go into mark of the world and then you try and get it off after that to reduce any chance of resists So next we've got chest and we're gonna put resilience on that for now And I'm gonna talk a little bit later about that because there is another potential option I'm just gonna do the other enchants first brace is actually gonna go for six MP5 this season Because and this is the same logic as with the rings that the healing That you lose right, we're gonna go for We're gonna go for stats on the rings, right? So we're gonna have eight stats on rings instead of eight instead of 40 healing right and we have six MP5 on the braces instead of 30 healings that six MP5 worth may be You know 12 or so spirit depending on how much you're casting And we don't value the healing that much in PvP right as I said before we Are not getting full value out of that stat and it's nicer to try and go for stats that you're getting full value out of You're not gonna notice the let the 30 less healing.  This is gonna make more of a difference in more games And so is the stats, you know a bunch of mana a bunch more regen and a bunch extra stamina as well This might actually keep you alive so This is where we're going with these enchants weapon I Was actually toying with the idea of going with the 30 intellect by actually think losing 81 healing is too much Feel free to try it out. Let me let me know how it goes. Let me know how it feels I think it's definitely a potential option Depending on, you know play style bracket that kind of thing, you know in threes, maybe the intellect is gonna be better It's it's it's very non cookie car. So I'm gonna put the in the healing for now and we'll leave it at that because we've already gone a little bit off Off-road with the the rings and the braces But I think that that's that's acceptable So right now we are on let me put it up We want to have defense so right now we're on 267 resilience, right? Health looking pretty good mana looking okay spirit looking okay So we still got some gems to chuck in now after a bunch of Theory crafting and and just data gathering We basically concluded that most games you are Inside the five second rule or outside the way you want to put it. You're basically not getting full spirit regen 70% of the time or more 70% is like the lower bound and At 70% These are still better than the four spirit equivalents right the purifieds These are still more mana. So we're gonna go for the royal shadow songs and They only get better the less that you're getting full spirit regen It gets quite in-depth Which is pretty much out of the scope of this video, but yeah, just trust me on it These are gonna give you more mana overall And we're gonna use all epic gems in this video because you're gonna have them eventually It's a business after all, you know farm some gold buy them if you're not in a guild, etc. They are very nice And it's it's free extra stats essentially once you've got them Now we need a bunch more resilience we par hit gems so we can just chuck I would say two resilience gems in the chest It's fine That's gonna bring us up to 294 Now these last few gems are Somewhat personal preference like so you can just go ham and put three more resilience gems in them if you want right? And that's gonna bring you up to three 24 and This is with the PvE staff on right when you put your three PvP weapons on and I'm assuming you have some season 2 ones already But once you have the season 3 ones you will get 62 resilience from putting three three PvP weapons on right weapon off And I'm one that gives you a bonus of 62 resilience. So you're gonna be well up, right?  Sorry 386. What am I saying? So, yeah, 356 and 386 Believe I misspoke there So that's that's a lot, right? That's potentially even more than you need So you can actually get more value against other stuff by chucking some spirit gems in the neck What's the gem called? Oh, you know what? I didn't click this I Knew it was sparkling. I was like I lost my mind So you want the sparkling and period sapphire in here and here because this set bonus. Sorry the socket bonuses are not that good It's three stamp We can actually forgo it and it's okay now your other option you can do is you can put resilience gems in these two Get the stamina and then put 15 spirit on the chest and this way you will gain five resilience six Stam but you will lose five spirit So it depends what you value more as a player if you feel like you're dying a lot Then you might want more resilience if you feel like you're going oom lot you want more region So that's your your options here and then in the boots We're gonna put ten spirit and then the last yellow gem again You can put the resilience one if you want Yeah, you can put the ten resilience gem in if you want and that's fine I'll take you over to 304. That's probably the safest way or you can be really try hard if you want more Regen like you're gagging for it and you can go for the seers Cry so praise Which is for in five spirit? I'm just gonna put resilience in for now because there's no way I'm gonna be going on farming that I Have way too much other stuff to do and we're ending up with 304 real Brazil plus 62 when we're targeted Which is gonna keep us nice and safe while having a good amount of regen as well And that's it That's the best list. Oh We forgot the matter as well. Sorry It's gonna be obviously the insightful you can also When you have extra points at the end of the season by a PvP helm and put a Forgot this gym as well doing well There we go. Yeah, you can buy a season a season 3 helm or whatever It's season 2 helm season 1 helm for honor next season even But it's just something that you can put the stun resist matter in and swap on to if you know You're gonna be targeted That's something for more higher rated games though I feel like or you know if you really feel like you're struggling against double DPS There's a lot of DPS a double DPS in your sort of rating range that kind of thing Then it's definitely something you can you can think about and look into so there is this is your standard gear set right and This is gonna work for you nine times out of ten But in some matchups, you know, or if you're playing RMP Stuff like that RLP any sort of fast matchups that ended You know games nine times out of ten end in like two minutes Your region is not gonna be that valuable because you're not gonna go Um right it's gonna be quite rare that you go in fact So the extra, you know all this spirit on the gear actually doesn't Kick in really that much. You're not spending much time out of the five-second rule You're casting constantly you're dispelling constantly So the spirit actually loses so much value on your gear because the reason we like the spirit Is because in twos we get a lot of time out of five-second rule. We're running behind pillars We're kiting game slows down that kind of thing If you're playing threes and you're playing a really fast matchup or generally playing really fast matchups as a fast fast-paced comp You might want a different, you know a few different items and this is absolutely Optional, but it's an option where you can switch to these items and It will be more powerful I believe I'm just gonna show you this now So this is another gear set that I made now this and And quick side note they don't actually have the the vindicators Pendant of haste I don't know what it's called, but there's actually a haste one on the PTR Which we would use in this set But yeah, we are going for about ten percent haste With this right Which is is hefty. It's good, right? We're gonna get a lot faster dispels in we're gonna get a lot more things done in Our fast-paced game and this actually might be the difference between you know death in sheep Saving somebody getting somebody out of a sheep so they can kick anything like that You know getting someone out of a fear so they can get on the target and not get kited anything like that The haste can be valuable right because our region is not so valuable. We can actually replace some of it with this haste The items are a little bit trickier to get so obviously double band of caribor scullable then the skull is not imperative for this build Right it's gonna be very tough to get as a priest You're gonna be weighing maybe three four skulls most likely at least So good luck getting the skull, but it's not imperative in this build If you don't get it you just whack the hit on the helm and one hit gem and you're fine Then you'll have your hip cap, which is the main thing that's worrying and then you still just you can just run earring You can run whatever here, you know, it's it's The trinket slot is not actually that impactful You could potentially even run the aran trinket right and get about 1k mana of it for the short game So We've got we've got a haste cloak here very nice haste cloak. This is from illidan. We've got the crafted haste braces We've got a very nice haste Belt I believe this was from hydro and then we've got the double trash drop ring There is actually no haste wand So you could potentially just run the pvp one to bring your resilience up a bit if you need if you feel uncomfortable being under 300 But yeah, this is just an example of swapping the items the off-part items around While still balancing your stats and keeping yourself, you know with a good amount of resilience And you can see down here the difference in region. We've got 242 spirit versus 306, you know So this is definitely not gonna be better in twos We've got 91 MP5 on gear versus 84 on gear Keep in mind that this number does not incorporate the MP5 you get from meditation from the spirit just on this website It's a little bit bug But yeah, we get the 10% haste so it's it's a nice alternative. It's a nice option So these items are worth grabbing if you can get them And messing around with once you get to that level. It's just a nice nice little I guess Example of how it's so easy to change a few things for a different purpose And and how many real options there are With the TBC gear and you know, it's a lot of it does come down to personal choice So this one is obviously the season-free best, but it's a generalized this so Try to I guess Incorporate the stuff I've said, but also learn from it Use your own brain so that it all makes sense and you can kind of make your own calls and judgments It's kind of what I'm getting at But yeah, that was it. I hope it was useful Tried to get a little bit of info in there as well rather than just some gear Hope I haven't rambled for too long. I probably have but that's it next video will be on Sort of gearing up a new character that kind of thing so Check probably tomorrow if you're interested in that. I'll put a link to it in the description something like that as well Have a great Christmas


A former secretary to the government of the federation, Mbacha-Laul, has again spoken against the Muslim-Muslim ticket of the all-progressive Congress, stating that Christian politicians in Northern Nigeria will remain steadfast in their stand for justice, equity and fair play. According to him, any nation of political dispensation built on injustice will crumble because justice and equity settle all order disputes. Laul, in a statement on Sunday titled Why We Are Doing What We Are Doing, plead that with Nigerians to understand the position of the Northern Christian politicians on the Muslim-Muslim ticket of the all-progressive Congress for the 2020 elections.