Autolight and its 96,000 dealers present suspense. Tonight, Autolight brings you Mr. John Lund in The Man in the Room. A suspense play produced and edited by William Spear. Harlow, what's the best bait to use for bass? I don't know, Hap. Better ask a nyctheologist. A nycthe... nyctheoologist? A nyctheologist, an expert on fish. When I need information, I believe I'm going to an expert. That go for spark plug information too? Sure. And who knows more about the best spark plugs for your car than Autolight ignition engineers? The men who design and build complete ignition systems, used as original equipment on many makes of America's finest cars. You mean they know how to build into spark plugs the best and quick starting smooth performance in gas, Molly. J Harlow? Of course, Hap. That's what's made Autolight the world's largest independent manufacturer of automotive electrical equipment. And it was Autolight engineering know-how that made possible the development of the Autolight resistor spark plug, one of the greatest advances in spark plug design for automotive use in the past 20 years. So friends, see your friendly Autolight spark plug dealer tomorrow. Have him replace worn out spark plugs with world famous ignition engineered Autolight spark plugs. Whether you choose the resistor type or the regular type, you'll be right because you're always right with Autolight. And now with the man in the room and the performance of John Lund, Autolight hopes once again to keep you in suspense. When I was 10, I first read Edgar Allen Poe's story of the miraculous room, the room whose terrible walls closed slowly in upon their prisoner, made a deep impression upon me. My most persistent nightmare was that I was the poor devil in the story. I didn't know then that he had been impressed by a tool and that someday I would actually be the man in the room. Excuse me, can you tell me what floor Miss Markham is on? Miss Markham? What do you want with her? Why, I wanted to do some work for me. She does typing, doesn't she? Third floor, stepping. Thank you.  Yes. How do you write? Stories, mostly. Some? Occasionally. She's down at the end of the hall where you see the door open. Thank you very much. Thank you. Miss Markham? Is that right? What can I do for you? I saw your ad in the paper. I thought perhaps you could do some work for me. Oh, yes, yes, of course. What is it? Typing? Mimeographing? Typing, manuscript.  Yes.  Oh, yes, yes, of course. You'll find that I do absolutely perfect work, and at the most reasonable rates. I've had many years of experience, although not in this city. I just recently moved here. Will you have much for me to do? Well, that depends. Frankly, Miss Markham, the price is a factor with me. You see, I'm a freelance writer, and at best that's a precarious occupation. I see. Well, is 30 cents a page too much? Wow. 25? I was about to say that 30 seemed extremely reasonable. Well, I've already said 25, so we'll leave it at that. You're very kind. Not at all. Excuse me, please. Was... was that the elevator man running down the hall? Well, it's been a lovely day, hasn't it? Yes. Yes, it has. I think the weather is so perfect here. I know I'm going to love this city. It's so difficult coming to a new place and trying to establish oneself, especially so late in life. But I think things are going to work out fine. I hope so. Would you like to leave your manuscript now? Yes, here it is. Oh, thank you. Ah, yes, 40 pages. I'll have that ready for you day after tomorrow. Oh, that'll be fine. I'll come back and pick it up then. I picked the office and rang for the elevator. The old man who ran it didn't speak to me on the way down, but I stood in the back of the car and looked him over carefully. He was a funny little old doctor. Almost dwarf-sized, with shoulders so rounded, he was nearly humpbacked. I was sure he was the one who had been listening at the door upstairs. But, after all, it was not of my affair. Two days later, I returned to the old office building to pick up my manuscript.  Yes. Here it is. She left it for you. Oh, well, uh, I've got to go up anyway. I have some more work for Miss Markham. I'll take it. She don't want to be disturbed. Well, uh... Just give it here. All right. I gave him the manuscript and left. Several days later, when I returned, he had the completed work ready for me, down on the first floor. That's the way it went on on the other occasions when I had typing for Miss Markham to do. The old man took it from me downstairs and had it ready for me when I returned. There was always a reason for me not to go upstairs. Miss Markham was working, didn't want to be disturbed, or she just left for lunch, or she wasn't down that day because of illness. One day, when I came to pick up some material, the elevator was not down on the first floor, and my curiosity got the better of me. Instead of ringing, I took the stairs and walked up to the third floor. It's you. Where's Miss Markham? She ain't here. You can see she ain't. Yes. Are you typing? Sure. I help her out sometimes. She's sick today. Oh, I see. I just finished your story. That's... that's fine. It won't sell, though. What? I say it won't sell. It's clumsy. Oh, you think so? Yes. It's all hard, Pudge. You write too fast. Well, I'm sorry you don't like it, but I'll just put it together or I'll send it off anyway. All right. But it won't sell. That night at home, I'd been working for hours on a plot for a mystery story. I was having absolutely no luck. I simply couldn't concentrate. Then I had a thought. How would it be to use Miss Markham and the elevator man as a basis for a story? Just take the situation as it stood now and fabricate the rest of the plot from there. Let's see. The old man could have murdered her and hidden the body. Possibly he'd done it immediately after I'd seen her last and she'd been dead all this time. I even made up a fine name for the elevator man. I called him... Gracklin. But for the life of me, I couldn't build a story. Why had he killed her? What had he done with the body? The plot wouldn't move. And yet somehow I couldn't discard it and try another. I knew that I was stuck with it until I worked it out. Well, how about the reality? What had happened to Miss Markham? Why hadn't I seen her for over two weeks? The only thing to do I decided was to find out more about the real situation. Perhaps I could evolve something from that. Hello, George? Bird? Fine. Listen, George, who does your typing? My typing? Why, Harrison Lewis? Oh, yes, at 50 cents a page. I forgot you were rich. Why? Well, I thought perhaps you'd seen the same ad in the paper that I did. I miss Markham. She's been doing some work for me. Markham? No, I didn't see it. Why? Is she any good? Oh, yes, she's very good. Well, what does she charge? 30 cents a page. Hey, that is cheap. Maybe I'll switch. Where's she located? 202 West Olive. Why don't you go up and see her anyway? Let me know what she says. Fine. Goodbye, George. The next morning I called information and got Miss Markham's office number. It was not yet listed in the directory. I called the number. Somehow knowing there would be no answer. Hello? Miss Markham? Yes? Well, this is Mr. Freeland. I heard you were ill yesterday. Just thought I'd call and see how you were. That's very nice of you. Thank you very much. I'm feeling much better today. Oh, I'm glad. I, uh... I expect to have some more work for you at the end of the week. All right. Just bring it in. I will. And oh yes, Miss Markham, I haven't received a bill from you yet. Would you send one soon? Yes, I will. Thank you. Goodbye, Miss Markham. Hung up thinking, well, there goes my plot into a cocked hat. I realized then that I had begun to believe something had happened to Miss Markham. Talk myself into it, I guess. Confused the fiction with the reality. But just because she was alive and well, that was no reason why I couldn't still build a good story from the same idea. Now, let's see. Graclyn had killed Miss Markham and hidden the body. But when I called up, she answered. No, I couldn't use that. But wait a minute. Why couldn't I? By certainly, there was the twist. Sure, Graclyn gets another woman to impersonate Miss Markham. The only ones you'd have to worry about would be the people who had seen the first Miss Markham. Well, that's the way my story would go anyway. I sat down at my typewriter and made it sing for a couple of hours. The story was coming along fine. The only thing I needed was some background on Graclyn. Well, nothing like the source. At about 4.30 that afternoon, I was down on West Olive Street near the 202 building. At about 5, Graclyn came out and started up the street. He got on a bus, so I looked around for a cab. Cabby, you taken? Nah, hop in. Good. Listen, follow that bus, but not too close. I'll tell you when to stop. Okay. He stayed on that bus all the way to the end of the line. I got out of the cab about a block before the final bus stop and saw the old man get off. It was almost prairie here. Large vacant lots and only a few scattered houses. He entered one of them. After about 20 minutes, when it was getting dark, I walked slowly up to the place. There was a light around in back. I went quietly along the side of the house to the window. I looked in. There sat Graclyn, bent over a table, writing with a quill pen. But it was the room that surprised me. The walls were filled from floor to ceiling with books. Heavy, scholarly books. And then I saw it. And a smaller table against the wall stood her picture. She was younger in the photo and prettier, but it was unmistakably she. Miss Markham. Auto-light is bringing you Mr. John Lund in The Man in the Room. Tonight's production in Radio's Outstanding Theater of Thrill's Suspense. Do ichthyologists and zoologists have anything in common? Well, in a way, half, you see any kind of anologist is an expert in his field. Well, I guess that makes you a spark plugologist. Hey, Wilcox. Well, not exactly. I'm more of a gabologist. The real experts are the auto-light ignition engineers. They design and build complete ignition systems for use as original equipment on many makes of America's finest cars. So naturally, they've built spark plugs that will work as a team with the ignition systems. Spark plugs that are un-excelled for quick startings, performance, and gas mileage. Sounds logical. Of course. And these same auto-light engineers developed the famous Auto-Light Resistor Spark Plug, one of the greatest advances in spark plug design for automotive use in the past 20 years. They're experts all right, Harlow. So friends, see your friendly Auto-Light Spark Plug dealer tomorrow. Have him replace worn-out spark plugs with ignition-engineered auto-light spark plugs. Whether you choose the resistor type or the regular type, you can't buy a better spark plug for your car because you're always right with Auto-Light. And now Auto-Light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage our star, John Lund, in The Man in the Room, a tale well-calculated to keep you in suspense. In the next morning's mail was her bill. But there was a mistake. She charged me 40 cents a page. So I put on my coat and started downtown. As I walked up Olive Street, Drachman would let me up to see Miss Markham. If it were in my story, he couldn't because I'd immediately recognize her as another woman. Three, please. Watch your step. Miss Markham is in today? Yep.   Not so? Certainly it's so. You were the one who kept telling me. Oh, well, I can't remember everybody who comes in here. Oh, I shouldn't think of it to be too hard. I'll bet not over 10 people a day come in here. This is the most deserted office building I've ever seen. Well, sometimes it is a little quiet. You know where it is. Yes. Miss Markham. You are Miss Markham. Yes, of course. No reason. I'm a little confused. Been writing too much lately, I guess. Oh, yes. Well, the reason I came down is because of your bill. There's a mistake? Don't you remember? You said you were going to charge me 25 cents a page? But your bill says 40. Oh, yes, I do remember now. That's right, 25. The error is mine. I'll change it. I'm terribly sorry. Oh, that's all right. I wasn't worried about it. If you'd like to refigure it, I can leave you a check right now. Do you possibly have the cash? Well, let's see. Yes? Yes, I think I do. Would you prefer that? If you don't mind. I paid the bill and went home. Back to my story. My story that it turned out to be pure fiction after all. Miss Markham was alive and well and back in her office, looking just as she had the first time I saw her. Well, I had used all of the real situation I could, and from now on I was operating on pure imagination. Let's see. Hey, wait a minute. Just because she looks the same doesn't mean she's the same woman. She was a twin, see? The first Miss Markham's twin sister. And Graclyn was their brother. Why had he killed the first Miss Markham? Well, for money, her life savings. That was always a good motive. And the twin sister was in on it and would split with him. Fine. I rattled off the story, and the next morning brought it in to be tight. Good morning, Mr. Freeland. Good morning, Miss Markham. I've got another story for you. Oh, well, I'm not sure that I can start on anything right now. I'm closing up the office, you know. Oh? Oh, yes. This climate doesn't agree with me at all. As a matter of fact, I never did like city life. You've evidently changed your mind about things. I bet you have. Remember the first day you came up here? You were telling me how well you liked our city and the weather? Oh, yes. Well, you can always depend on a woman, can't you? Yeah, I guess so. I really wish you could finish this story for me. It's not very long. Oh? Only about 28 pages. I see. Well, perhaps I can rush it out. I sort of feel that I owe you something anyway. Why? For being so nice about that mistake I made on your bill. Oh, that was nothing. Well, leave the manuscript here and I'll try to have it done by tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow's my last day. Come in about two o'clock. Right. Thanks a lot, Miss Markham. The next day was Saturday. And if the building had seemed deserted on other days, it had really been a beehive compared to two o'clock on Saturday afternoon. Now it was a morgue. When I entered Miss Markham's office, she was standing there holding a sheaf of papers. Mr. Freeland, where did you ever get the idea for that story? Oh, well, I hope it didn't disturb you, but I was desperate for a plot and I guess I just let my imagination run wild. I see. Well, I'll just put it in an envelope. Thank you. And I'll pay you now because I probably won't see you again. That's right. You probably won't. Well, I guess I'll just say goodbye. Goodbye, Miss Markham. And good luck. Thank you. And the same to you. Graclyn was waiting for me there on the third floor. He had probably just stayed there while I was in the office. I got in the elevator and he closed the door. Get your story, Mr. Freeland. Huh? Oh, yes. Yes, I did. Hmm. Not a bad story. Miss Markham let me read it. Oh? But it needs rewriting. Was that so? Yes.  You aren't careful enough with reality. I'm afraid I don't understand. Well, now that part about hiding the body in the elevator shaft, for instance, you almost had a good thing there, but I could tell you've never been in an elevator shaft. Have you? I know. You passed the first floor. That's good. I'd like to show you something. This is the basement. Yes, as I see. You notice how the air gets closer as you go down? It's little touches like that that make a story real. Huh. Subbasement. Mr. Freeland, would you like to see what an elevator shaft looks like? Well, I... Come on, it's very interesting, especially for a writer. All right. Fine, follow me. Now, we'll just go down these stairs on your left. There's only a few of them at the kind of dock. Be careful. I will. I wouldn't want you to fall.  Thank you. And see, this is what the bottom of an elevator shaft looks like. Yes, yes, it is interesting. You can make all kinds of noise down here no one would know. Well... Now, about your story. You had me, I mean, Gretlin bury the woman in the floor of the shaft. Now, that would never do. No? No. If you dug a grave down here, the inspector would find it in a minute. Oh. Oh, yes. The inspector's very sharp. Very sharp. But in the wall. The wall? Yes. See those bricks? Now, if I go to exactly the right place, look, I can pull several of them right out. And after I've got all the loose ones out, there's a regular cavity when dug out behind them. Come here. Look for yourself. Miss Mark! Yes. See how snuggly she fits in there. I spent a long time digging that hole. She's dead.  I just put these bricks back now. You had some of the things quite right. The woman upstairs is Millie, her twin sister. This one's name is Dorothy. I married Dorothy, but I should have married Millie. You see, Mr. Freeland, I am a writer too.  But I didn't sell anything. And Dorothy lost faith in me. She typed stories for hacks like yourself. While I had to turn to running an elevator, she caused me to lose faith in myself. Finally, Dorothy left me and came here. I followed her and got a job in the same building. At last, I did what I wanted to do for years. I killed her. When I told Millie, she said I'd done quite right. And she came here to help me. You're insane. No, Mr. Freeland. I am a poet. I'm getting out of here. No, I don't think you... Ah, Mr. Freeland! Are you surprised how strong I am? I've done many things in my time, even if it waits in a circus. You, you man-man! Don't try to get up, Mr. Freeland. Or I'll just have to knock you down again. You see, I've got something quite interesting in store for you. You remember Edgar Allan Poe's wonderful story about the man in the room that got smaller and smaller until it would crush the life out of him? What are you talking about? Well, Mr. Freeland, I have such a room. You're in it now. The walls won't move, but the ceiling will. Look above you. Most elevators won't go all the way to the bottom of the shaft, but this one will. I fixed it.  I warned you, Mr. Freeland! He had me a crushing blow when I dropped to the ground, stunned. And you were wrong on my name. It's Al Jones. Then he jumped out of the door and slammed it shut. I staggered to it, but there was no knob or latch of any kind on the inside. It was smooth and flush with a wall. I heard his footsteps running up the stairs, and I heard them above me in the elevator. Then came a sound that drove me to panic. Racklin, stop! You'll never get away with two murders. You'll go to the electric chair. Racklin! Listen, listen. I won't tell anybody about Miss Markham. I'll tear up the story. Racklin! I sank to my knees. Still it came on, and I felt flat on my face. And still it came closer and closer, only inches away now. Desperately, I flung out my arms to flatten myself close to the ground. And my hand touched the bricks of the wall, found one of the loose ones. Without knowing what I was doing, I clawed at the loose brick and pulled it out a little. Then, miraculously... The elevator hung suspended. The sight of it caught on the brick. I knew it wouldn't be stopped for long. Already the sight of the elevator was grinding into the brick, and at a moment it would break it and come pressing down upon me like an ant. But then, I heard a new sound. The elevator stopped crushing into the brick now and hung motionless. He definitely shut off the power. I was trying to make up his mind what to do. Suddenly, the elevator lifted. I saw it going up and up, away from me. And then, I don't remember. I must have faded. The next thing I knew, two policemen were holding me up, asking me questions. I told them something of what had happened. Then, I asked them about the elevator man. Oh, him? We sent him off in the wagon. It was a funny thing. See, that was this guy from some publisher, I think he was.  Well, this fellow from the publisher waited around upstairs and finally started pressing the buzzer. When the elevator came up, the old man jumped out and knocked the publisher guy down and then went running out into the street. That's when we got him. After we sent him off, we came back to investigate. And we found you. Really? Really? That's about all there was to it. Except that old Gracklin really was a pretty good writer, I guess. Because I made the changes he suggested. And you know what? I sold the story. Presented by Autolite. Tonight's star, Mr. John Lund. Hello. Got another poem for him. OK. Hello, Wilcox. The car owner's delight. Awoke one night from a deep dream of... Autolite. But let's be more specific, Cap. I dream that every car in America was equipped with world-famous ignition-engineered Autolite spark plugs. And you know, spark plugs are only one of more than 400 products made by Autolite for cars, trucks, planes, and boats in 28 plants coast to coast. These include complete electrical systems used as original equipment on many makes of America's finest cars. Spark plugs, batteries, generators, coils, distributors, electric windshield wipers, starting motors, bullseye-sealed beam headlights. All engineered to fit together perfectly, work together perfectly because they're a perfect team. So friends, don't accept electrical parts supposed to be as good. Ask for and insist on Autolite original factory parts. At your neighborhood service station, car dealer, garage, or repair shop. Remember, you're always right with Autolite. Next Thursday for Suspense, our star will be Miss Claire Trevor. The play is called Angel Face. And it is, as we say... A tale well calculated to keep you in... Suspense. Tonight's Suspense play was produced and edited by William Spear and directed by Norman MacDonald. Music for Suspense is composed by Lucian Morrowek and conducted by Lud Bluskin. The man in the room is an original play written for radio by William Idleson and Mary Castle. John Lund is currently being co-starred with Barbara Stanwyck in the fair amount picture No Man of Her Own. In the coming weeks, you will hear such stars as Charles Boyer, Edward G. Robinson, Jack Carson, and Dennis O'Keefe. And don't forget, next Thursday, same time, Autolite will present Suspense, starring Claire Trevor. You can buy world-famous Autolite resistor or regular spark plugs, Autolite staple batteries, Autolite electrical parts, at your neighborhood Autolite dealers. Switch to Autolite. Good night. In spite of better food supplies, millions are still starving in Europe and Japan. The need is particularly acute in free Berlin. Send your contributions to CARE, C-A-R-E, New York. This is CB S. The Columbia Broadcasting System.


Pastor Andre, it was so great having you here in Hungry Generation. We know that this is your first time here to Hungry Gen, so what can you say was your experience as you came here? Atmosphere. Atmosphere is unbelievable here. I believe heaven is open upon this place, and when I was worshiping God, I just fell God, and I can even feel that hunger, and I believe that hunger in the atmosphere, and God will lead this church. I believe in a powerful way, and we will see more to come. Amen, that's really awesome, and we know that you also minister to our interns this week during our internship, so what can you say about the specific internship program, and why would something like that benefit Christians in the Kingdom of God? I believe internship is necessary in our time right now, because it's equipping people. People separate themselves, disconnect from everything, and they focus on God and calling, and it's powerful. It's a weapon, it's a tool, and through internship, and those people who are there, God will do a lot in this week and even more. Amen, well thank you so much Pastor Andre for coming and being with us at 100 Gen. We know the best distil you have to come for your ministry. Thank you, God bless you.


Joining us to say a few words alongside his teammates. Please welcome Spencer Dinwiddie. Thank you guys for coming out. Obviously 2020 has been a very trying year for pretty much everybody. You know, we're excited to get the season started and without the work you guys do every day and we'll continue to do throughout this year and next year it wouldn't be possible. Thank you again. Let's go Nets and kick off the season right. And now on behalf of Brooklyn Nets ownership front office the players and the entire organization. It is our privilege to honor all the essential workers that have sacrificed so much for us. Tonight we honor you with the highest recognition that a team can bestow upon anyone. Please direct your attention to the far end of Barclay Center for the raising of a commemorative banner contributing all of our essential workers. Banner which represents all of New York's essential workers will remain in Barclay Center's ring of honor for all to see when we get to open the doors once again on behalf of all of us to all of New York's essential workers. Thank you and happy holidays. Beautiful ceremony there that the Brooklyn Nets, Joe Sine that's ownership put on for the essential workers of New York City. Sarah, you and I both live in Manhattan. You know, we saw firsthand just the incredible bravery and courage that, you know, these workers showed at the height of this in March and April and now the perseverance, you know, we're nine and a half months into this and just the dedication has been absolutely incredible. There's no way we can use words to properly express our gratitude, but what a beautiful tribute tonight at Barclay Center for people who are just unbelievably deserving of every recognition they get. I echo those sentiments and just endless, endless appreciation, gratitude for all the sacrifices, all the efforts, it goes without saying that you are the heroes to all of us and that tribute that we saw at Barclay Center is just a small part of, I know, the Brooklyn Nets organization from top to bottom, all of us here at Yes Network, how much we feel just an appreciation for everything you have done and everything you do, do on a daily basis. And you know what?


Check, check, check, check, check, check, check, check. The burn! Roger, 204, verified. BD, verified.


Welcome to the U.S. Naval War College, the Navy's home of thought. NWC Talks features our world-class experts examining national security matters. We hope you enjoy the conversation. Well, good morning. I want to talk to you about a very important part of the world today, a very important part of the world that stretches from the southern borders of the United States all the way to a point 600 miles from the Antarctic. An area of the world that has 46 countries, that's twice as many that are in the European Union. An area of the world, by the way, 46 countries is 25% of the countries in the United Nations. An area of the world with 8.5 million square miles. An area of the world where the United States can fit literally inside the largest country in this region. An area of the world with 700 million people, 40% of which are below the age of 25. A part of the world that's been heavily influenced by colonial powers, Spain and Portugal in particular, it's resource rich, has a great deal of energy and human capital. However, this is a part of the world that essentially has been an afterthought for much of the world, as well as many people in the United States. An afterthought, an area that punches below its weight considering its size and its potential. When Christopher Columbus, there's a hint, landed in this part of the world in 1492, little did he know what he would set in motion on that day. My name is Larry McCabe, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval War College, and this is NWC Talks. I want to emphasize first the importance of history as you're studying any part of the world. History, it's important to understand history because it helps you understand how and why countries and people behave the way they do. When Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492, he set in motion what would become 300 years of colonial exploitation of this region, exploitation of the Indians, including the Aztec Indians in Mexico and the Inca civilization in Peru, two civilizations that would ultimately basically end during the European colonial occupation. This was a time when the Europeans would introduce many slaves into the region. They would establish a mercantilist economic system, a system that would enrich the treasuries of the royal monarchies in Europe to fund the many wars they were fighting at the time. A period that would introduce the Codillo authoritarian system where one person rule would essentially dominate the government and the people of these regions. This was a history, again, that would introduce the slaves from Africa. And I want to spend just a moment on this because this is very important. This is a stain on not only this region but also North America. 11 million slaves were introduced to this region. Three times the number that were introduced in North America. Certainly they were exploited, they were abused, but the presence of the Africans in this part of the world would create a rich and cultural diversity that continues to impact and benefit the region today. But little did he know that 300 years of colonial exploitation would result in the rise of two very important classes of people that would ultimately lead this region to independence later in the 19th century. These two groups of people were the mestizos. A mestizo is the combination or the mixing of the blood of the European bloodlines with the Indian bloodlines. And the mestizo would become the important middle class of the region. But also, there was the pure European bloodlines that were born in this region. This was a group of people that would include the significant leaders, including San Martín of Argentina, Simone Bolivar of Venezuela, who would eventually lead this region to independence in the 19th century. Most of the independence movements occurring in the early part of the 19th century, between 1810 and 1825. It was after 1825 that the United States became a much more important player in this region. The United States was feeling muscular at that time. The United States adopted two doctrines and policies that would essentially change history and change this region. One was the idea of the Monroe Doctrine by President Monroe in 1823. President Monroe told Europe to stay out of this region. The United States is the power now in the Western Hemisphere, in particular Latin America and the Caribbean. The other important doctrine was something that we call manifest destiny. Manifest destiny was a spiritual religious movement or westward expansion of the United States. And what many don't understand or sometimes forget is that the westward expansion or manifest destiny also included moving south through Central America and down into South America. Now this never happened. But the idea that the United States should be the controlling power in the Western Hemisphere became a very important doctrine that would change this region over the next century or two. That's unfortunately the part about the US intervention and domination in this region led to a large number of US military interventions, but also economic domination of the region in the 19th and early 20th century. Two significant events that you should be aware of are the certainly the Mexican American War of 1848, where the United States acquired from Mexico or took from Mexico as spoils of war. What is now New Mexico, Arizona, California. And it also resolved the Texas issue as Texas would become the United States of the United States. Also, the US intervention, an important US intervention was the Spanish American War of 1898 when the United States went to war with Spain. And the result of that would be the acquisition essentially of Cuba and Puerto Rico, also the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific as well. But it was at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century where the United States was the clear dominant power in this part of the world. Another important part of the history of this region that still impacts politics and attitudes today is the US relationship with this part of the world during the Cold War. Clearly, the United States was very much concerned about the spread of communism into the Western Hemisphere. As such, the United States supported many military dictatorships. That anti-communist military dictatorships that were in charge essentially of many countries in this region. These military dictatorships, unfortunately, were very aggressive in trying to deter communists and this aggressiveness resulted, unfortunately, the death of many who were communists. And unfortunately, many who probably were not. And it was the United States support for the military dictatorships that to this day contributes to some suspicion. And in some cases, anger about the support that the United States provided these dictatorships during the Cold War. This is something that's very important, I think, for all of us to understand as we think about this part of the world, Latin America and the Caribbean and the United States. But what do we have today? Well, what we have today is a fascinating, growing, ambitious region of the world with enormous potential. It's essentially homogeneous in the fact that most are democratic states, although there are some states that are drifting perhaps away from democracy. But also, they all have a similar colonial history, similar language. In terms of religion, most are Catholic. There's no war. There's no nuclear weapons. Most countries agree in the macroeconomic policies that are very much in alignment with the United States. United States is the major trading partner with this region. China is a close second, but the United States still remains the dominant economic power in the region. So what could go wrong? Well, unfortunately, there are a number of things that the region is struggling with. In particular is violence and crime. Eight of the ten countries with the highest murder rates in the world are from this region, eight out of ten. So there's crime, there's criminal gains and criminal networks that operate in some cases with impunity as they smuggle and move guns, people, money through these networks and many cases to fund and support illegal activities, many of which end up in the United States. The example of corruption, which is another problem that we're all very much concerned about, including the leadership and the political leadership in these countries, is this idea of institutional corruption. And a good example of that, and I would encourage you to perhaps read more about this, is the corruption that's been identified in Brazil, because it goes to the very top of the political leadership. It's something called Operation Car Wash, it involves a multinational construction company, Odebrecht, who essentially used the profits from the national oil company Petrobras, and funneled these profits illegally into the pockets of politicians. Or they were into the campaigns for many of the politicians to remain in office. This corruption scandal is arguably the largest corruption scandal, perhaps in modern history. And it is very disappointing, and it is something that the region, I think, woke to and is now struggling in order to correct and eliminate the corruption that unfortunately is corrosive to good governance, economic prosperity, and security. Central America in particular is a concern. Central America has gangs, Central America has extortion, Central America has corruption, it has kidnapping, and it has smuggling, all of which has contributed to an environment where people are fleeing Central America, many of which are coming north to the United States. The region needs to look closely at the problems in Central America and come together to help solve these problems. Hopefully with the United States or in partnership with the United States. But I encourage you to think and look closely at Central America and the problems, because it is impacting the security and the economic prosperity of the entire region. Very important to be aware of that. I would also encourage you to look closely at what we call the Bolivarian Revolution, which was started by Higo Chavez in Venezuela in 1998. The Bolivarian Revolution is an authoritarian socialism where one person controls everything. Unfortunately, the one person in charge implemented a number of dysfunctional policies that have led to Venezuela becoming a failed state, causing millions of Venezuelans to flee to Colombia, to Ecuador, to Peru, and other countries in the region. So the political systems adopted by some of these countries are of no concern. And it's important that the region come together to try to solve these problems. I would be remiss if I didn't mention the natural disasters that affect this region, hurricanes in the Caribbean, volcanoes on the Andean Ridge. Climate change is a huge concern with the coral reefs in the Caribbean, with the massive flooding events that occurred in the last five to ten years throughout the region. Climate change is something that the region is very concerned about, because it feels that it will suffer significantly, particularly the economies if climate change continues as we think it will. This is a fascinating region. I love it. I've traveled extensively there, and I would encourage you all to learn more about it. Many positive trends. It can overcome a dysfunctional colonial history. It can overcome dysfunctional external influence to remain and become a significant influence and power broker in the global system as we move through the next several decades. Globalization has helped. I would like to say that globalization has been the catalyst to help this region raise the bar a bit in terms of good governance and economic policies and political systems. In order to relate and engage with the rest of the world, this region had to change. The good news is they are, and it's happening today as I speak. So I'm optimistic. I think the region is important. I think it will be a power broker over the next several decades. I love it. I would suggest to you that you take a second look at Latin America and the Caribbean, understand it, appreciate it. I think in time you'll be very glad you did. My name is Larry McCabe, and this is NWC Talks. Thank you very much.


It's a little sinister. Oh, yeah. All right, so there is a woman out there who has since made her account private on Twitter that has been on top of every Carlos Beltran announcement. She broke the story saying she's his niece that Beltran was getting the job with the Mets a week before he did. She broke the story yesterday that he was leaving the Mets yesterday before anybody else did. That he was stepping down. He was stepping down. Which in effect he did. Now, today, before she made her account private, she essentially said, I love my uncle. She put a heart emoji in the word tio, which is uncle in Spanish. And I'm sick and tired. I'm paraphrasing. There's a lot of things going on with the Astros. For instance, Altuve and Bregman, the two of the biggest stars in the game, Peter, are wearing buzzers on their right shoulder to tell them what pitch is coming. Yeah, OK. Now, I'm told to stay quiet, but I refuse. Sorry, tio, hard. Jose Altuve and Bregman wore devices that buzzed on inside right shoulder from hallway video guy. Let's get it all out now. Then she writes, I have pictures from locker I will keep for rainy day. Altuve didn't want shirt torn off. If I remember, maybe I misspoke, but Chapman gave up homerun in the game. Now, this is what we've been surmising or supposing all week. Now, there is a picture that is out there about two-way rounding third. And if you're watching us on Yes, you'll see. And there is a little bit of a bulge from his shirt under the right shoulder. There is another picture that's out there that shows him rounding third base another time. And his uniform is open at the top two buttons. And you can see a small piece of tape right in that area. And it's not holding any jewelry or anything like that. So what exactly is going on? Now, the Beltran, the Beltran's through our very own Marley Rivera, VSPN, they have said that this is not at all anybody related to them. So whomever it is, they've been on top of everything when it involves Beltran. Now, Gary Sheffield Jr. Boy, it just keeps getting deeper and deeper.  This is obviously a burner account of an Astros player. I agree with that. You think it's a burner, yes. I do not believe. Who is this niece? What kind of niece has this much information? It's one thing for the, quote unquote, niece to say, my uncle got the job. It's another thing. Don, all this information, locker room photos, stop it. It's not the niece. It's not a niece. Now, again, everybody is now contributing. Like, there's a picture of Josh Redick right now where it looks like there's tape on his left side of his chest near his shoulder. Now, it could also be confetti, because it's kind of the same color of the confetti that came down at Minute Mate Park. But this is the extent we're going through. This is, Major League Baseball's gonna have no choice now, but to investigate the 2019 Astros, and now it's gonna be about the players.  To me, that's a lifetime ban.  But you know what?  But that's always been the case when we've talked about the Players Association. They protect the players, but what about the players that you also represent that were hurt by this? But it didn't happen during PEDs, right?  And yes, they have the picture of Josh Redick. Right. Now that could be confetti. I don't think there was confetti. I don't think there was confetti. I was there. I don't believe there was confetti. I maybe I'm not remembering right. Now, there's show, I'm seeing pictures on Twitter of confetti coming down. Okay, I stand correct. But I don't know, that picture could have been because they won on the road in 2017, right? But is this 2017 the picture or 2019? No, that's 2019 the picture. I'm saying, they're showing pictures of confetti coming down. Well, they did. Well, when they beat the Yankees in 2017, it was out at home. Yeah, right. And they beat the Yankees this year it was at home. But listen, not every picture is gonna necessarily tell the story. Some things could be made up, some things could be doctored, but there seems to be enough evidence there, Michael, without Tuve alone, the baseball should investigate it. The problem they'll run into is the players association. But what I'm saying is the first time around from 2017, you might have been able to get away with the anonymity. You might have been able to get with, there's too many players involved. Some of the guys were involved. They didn't want to be involved. They didn't pay attention to the trash cans. It was a distraction. If you put an apparatus on your body that electronically tells you the pitch, you cannot say, well, it's a distraction. I really didn't want to do it. No, you have to be singled out. You have to be disciplined. You have to be banned. We don't, the level, the way this story's been changing. And we can get to a point where we think the story we're talking about is, oh my gosh, what's gonna happen with the Mets and Carlos Beltran? The way the story's going, I'm not saying it's going to go here. We have no idea the depth. We get to a point where we're talking about is Jose Altuve gonna be suspended for life from baseball. We have no idea where this is going. I was texted by a prominent former player. Who said, we all have no idea what Manfred knows. And he's trying to protect the sport, maybe. But this would be destructive. What has happened now, it's a bird poop on a windshield. This would be destructive. Oh yeah, this could be real bad. And then also then if you- This is one of the biggest stars in the game. What if he gets overprotective though? If he gets overprotective and makes the wrong mistake, he could be out. Manfred could do it to himself. Absolutely, because he's gotta be very conscious of this isn't the 70s, okay? Or even when Kennesaw, Mount Landis had to make the decision about the Black Sox, the White Sox scandal. People have information. Players are talking now. Players are tweeting. He's not gonna be able to keep this under the rug. It's too big. People have the technology to look at the video. You can't just reinvestigate it and found nothing. And then you're gonna have players screaming, oh, I was on that team. No, what he has to do is what you hope is this is an Astros problem. The really terrifying part I guess for baseball would be if somehow this was more than an Astros problem. But if this is an Astros problem, then don't you, if you're the commissioner, don't you say, well, we might have to sacrifice the Astros for Major League Baseball? They may have to look really, really bad and be villainized in order to protect the integrity of the other teams in the rest of the game. You can't have a conspiracy theory. There are Yankees going on record, feeling like they got robbed in 2017. There'll be Yankees that are gonna be on record from 2019 saying, wait a minute, we're in a tie game. Al Tuve cheated at a home run. That could have been my title. We could have been played in the World Series. We should have been playing the Nationals. Are they gonna be able to shout those players down? So how can you sit there and have an investigation? Ah, we investigated it, it's a bunch of nonsense. What a lucky break for Major League Baseball that the Nationals somehow came back and won the World Series. It looked even worse if the Astros had won. Now, John Boy, who has put together the videos that showed Farquhar looking into the dugout and also the banging that would indicate exactly what was going on, and really was on the forefront of forcing Major League Baseball to do this investigation as well as, of course, the athletic story. He just tweeted, he tweeted out and he's gonna join us at 5.30 in studio. John Boy is, Beltran's knees tweeting about the buzzers which matches up with what I've been told from about five different parties. Now, I also told you earlier in the week, I was coming onto the field to do the Yes! Post Game show and people in baseball were wondering why Altuve was so, so stressing don't rip my shirt off. Now, that's not proof of anything. You see, the Yes! is showing. He's saying, do not rip my shirt off.  He is very bright, Peter, you're right. Don, I'm underrated smart. Chapman's smirk with so many Yankees. I had no problem with it whatsoever.  Maybe it was just about, maybe what pitch was coming. You got me. They got me, we thought we figured it out but they're too good and that's that kind of smirk. And then there was another, a Bregman, there's a Bregman press conference too. There are these moments, man. And which audio was it that we were listening to yesterday? Was it Hinch? That was Hinch. When he randomly brings up devices? Right. Oh, it was Cora, sorry, it was Alex Cora. When Cora randomly brings up jokingly about talking about how lucky the Yankees are to have Beltran and he's like kind of winking and laughing. It's insane. Now there's two things to play though. The more you think about this, either there was only a select few that were in on it with the Astros, with the electronics.  If you know he's wearing a wire, why would they have to be told not to rip his jersey off? Great point. That's a gr, Don, you did it again. But maybe, maybe just a couple of them have it on. No, but to Don's point, only a couple of them have it on. But does that mean that if no one knows, let's suppose the whole operation was, because that was from this year, right? So Beltran's not even a part of it. Let's suppose the whole thing is Hinch knows about it. He knows about it. Altuve knows about it. Redick knows about it. Bregman knows about it. Well then it makes sense that he's telling everybody else, don't rip my shirt. Because they don't know that he's wearing a device. But if they all knew, why does he have to tell them all, you know, we're not the Mets who don't cheat.  It should go without saying.  Unless it's just a select few that want it. A select few.  It's all within like, almost less than a second. And to know how to adjust and have that information go to your brain, back to your hands. I mean, it's unbelievable. That's a weird part is that you're cheating, yet it's an impressive way of cheating. Yes, you're right. You have to really, The Quinnapsis has to fire at a level that we can't even appreciate. No, you're right. It's an athletic way of cheating for sure.  So I would think there was only a handful of guys that were in on it, which then makes you think, maybe it was only a player driven thing in 2017, that there was only a select few that knew. Cause that's the best conspiracies are having at least the amount of people involved, right? The plausible deniability factor of it. And also you're making a decision here. How could the whole team agree to this? You're telling me an entire roster would be willing to say, I'm willing to risk all my credibility. I'm willing to risk the Hall of Fame. I'm willing to risk everything. That's a lot to put on the line. So maybe you're right. Maybe it really was just a few players.


Hi, how's everybody doing today? This is Rich here on behalf of Rich TV Live with our very special guest. It is Greg Clem, the Chief Revenue Officer of Clickstream. How are you doing today, Greg? I'm doing fantastic. Thanks, Rich. Thanks for having me. Thank you for being here. Let's get right into it, and maybe you can tell us a little bit about your background and why you decided to join Clickstream. Yeah, sure. Well, I've always been involved in some form of sponsorships or partnerships. I worked at ESPN, moved on to the pro surfing tour in California, and then into the real state franchise business, and then ultimately spent the last years working at Hilton. I've worked with all different kinds of partnerships and sponsorships covering sports, entertainment, credit card products, and loyalty. The team as most of them, that you've met on this show, are already in place. It's fantastic, Frank, Michael Handelman, Adam Handelsman, no relation, and Amber Theo Harris.  But what I really like the most about Clickstream and WinQuick is the product. It's a simple concept with a mass audience appeal, and the hosts are going to bring that all together and bring their personality on the screen, speaking on subjects that you may not have known that they were associated with. So I'm really excited for a couple different reasons to join the team. Great. Now, there's a lot of trivia quiz apps. Why would advertisers want to partner with Clickstream and WinQuick? Yeah. Well, first, I think we're lucky that many of our hosts, as I said before, have existing partnerships with companies. So potentially they bring some organic relationships to the table. But the WinQuick app is driven by these engaging, entertaining, and expert hosts who also have significant followings in their respective genres, and something we'll definitely look to capitalize on. I think second, I think consumers are always hungry for new and entertaining content, especially in the macro environment we find ourselves in today. So from my experience, sponsors and advertisers are always looking for new ways to deliver that content through unique digital platforms. So the matchup creates a great social opportunity and something that we'll definitely use to our advantage. What advantages do you believe you have over competitive apps or games? Yeah, I'd say in addition to the host that we, you know, as we've already spoken about, I think, and you mentioned before, there's a lot of basic and fun, you know, apps and games out there. I think we, you know, everybody would recognize that. But I think WinQuick will be the first to have a synchronized digital and mobile platform, meaning both app and web at the same time. And from an audience perspective, this gives us a great opportunity to sort of grow the number of eyeballs that we see on any given game that we launch and ultimately deliver more space for integrated content and advertiser content. And how does the format keep players interested in coming back for more? Yeah, well, you know, our creative team is really focused on spanning our social interaction. We want to play off of people's competitive nature to help us grow as quickly as possible. I think in addition, we're widening the spectrums of categories that we're looking to launch as well. So in September, we'll be launching with six categories. And then our VP of original programming, Amber Theo Harris, is in process right now of expanding those categories, which will ultimately lead to expanded programming so that content doesn't get stale. And we've also recently hired some of the best writers in the business. One example is Jamie Kaplan, who's formerly of CBS Sports. And he's like, you know, aligning with his view on, you know, making sure we're researching the right topics, making sure we're developing the games in the right way, and then, you know, to try to make it the most engaging, but also to make it fun as well. That's great. Now, with any startup, there are unique opportunities. Why would a potential advertiser want to get on board now? Are there advantages to getting on board now? Yeah, I think, you know, the way that I look at this opportunity is we're kind of starting from scratch. So we're here, we're talking about a process that's ultimately sort of still in development since we haven't launched yet. So there's so many unique advantages to that to ultimately integrate from a digital perspective or a development perspective and how we make this work. I also think, you know, from my experience, a starting point of what are you looking to accomplish as a question to an advertiser instead of just going to them with, you know, a sheet in hand and says, here's a list of opportunities. Tell us what, you know, what you want to buy. I think the ladder doesn't really work so well, in my opinion. And given where we are in development, it gives us a great opportunity to think about how to create fun, imaginative, creative, innovative solutions for what that advertiser is potentially looking at. And I also think our development partners at Infinixsoft have ultimately created a dynamic platform and environment which allow us to actually go out and sell that as a part of the app development. And so I think, you know, ultimately that puts the two, you know, two companies working together in a great position to kind of grow. Now, I understand you had a pre-launch beta test, which we've been really excited about. How did that go and what did you learn? Yeah, well, you know, we did, it was fantastic. I think we confirmed what we already knew is that the app is fun. Our hosts sort of jump out of the screen and the games are a truly social experience. We had people effectively trash talking in the chat function in the beta. And these are supposed to be sort of friends and family, right? So we're thrilled to see sort of the competitive nature of the game, which we kind of always thought. And then I think all the things that we did from a technology perspective ultimately work. That's, you know, it's a great starting point. It sounds simple. Like, of course, your functionality should work. But until you get into that beta test, you always want to be sure. And I think one key piece that we learned is how much people actually enjoyed playing the game. By a simple mistake of ours, we didn't cut those people out of the next notification for the next game on the following day. Multiple people came back in, even though it was the same game and played again. And so it was something that, you know, that showed us that people really enjoyed it, really liked it and really wanted to engage with the, with the content. Well, I'm super excited to hear that the results were good. Hopefully it just continues to get better and better. Thank you for joining us today, Greg. Hope you achieve all of your objectives and thank you for joining us here today. Yeah, thanks very much, Richard. Really appreciate it. Keep up all the great work. We will. Thank you. Thank you for watching, everybody. Have a nice day.


We're going to be talking about distributed HPC applications with unprivileged containers Thank you, Stefan. So I'm Felix. This is Jonathan. We work at NVIDIA and In California and we're going to talk about our infrastructure or we use containers for multiple different applications So let me get something out of the way I know we just got steam but but and we are from NVIDIA, but we don't do video games And so people some time when I go to a conference about Linux and containers They say why are you here your NVIDIA? You're you do Windows and games, but but that's not only what we do actually So all that is GPUs do ray tracing with RTX. So that's useful for games But also for visualization professional visualization for movies And in the middle we have we have a type of GPUs that's only used for crunching numbers So like astrophysics, biology, simulation, mathematics, machine learning So we have GPU that don't have a display. You don't have a display. You put them in a data center And they just crunch numbers like deep learning or say what we call HPC performance computing And on the other end of the spectrum we even have autonomous Machines like robots self-driving cars So it's like more like smaller system embedded systems that people can use for computer visions and and kind of Real-time real-time tasks that are involved. So we call that GPU computing and you might have out of CUDA That's our platform for doing that beyond video games okay so We at NVIDIA we have an infrastructure of we have multiple clusters multiple data centers in Santa Clara And we have one that's per person benchmark the top 500. That's a measure of supercomputers We are number 20 in the world and those are very very large machines right here We have 16 GPU each more than 400 watts So with a total of 12 kilo watts per machine and we have 96 of those 1.5 terabyte of RAM so that those are machine that are gigantic and free band for them that working because we need very fast networking and Pretty uncommon we ran Ubuntu Little bit uncommon in HPC, but but but that happens So the next talk is about I know the next talk is about raspberry pi and that's a that would be that the first very pies to Reach one node here 12 kilowatt Four years ago we Jonathan and myself we started a project called NVIDIA Docker and then evolving to live in the container and The goal was to make it easy to deploy your code applications in containers And so it worked pretty well. It's and now it supports all runtime So that's good because it doesn't force us to use a specific runtime. We can use Alexi we can use renzi darker continuity Kubernetes you can run your code apps in there and Especially we use containers at NVIDIA for deep learning and HPC because we know some of these apps are difficult to package to install and And there's some time conflict between each other So we put that in a container and we put that on Docker hub or or some of them in our own container registry People can download those and have a stack already installed for TensorFlow by torch Biology and stuff like that and so we use containers for a lot of things even benchmarking and especially for machine learning deep learning so I've mentioned our hardware so but let's take a look at what it's typical cloud deployment looks like so so You don't have nodes usually like we have 12 kilowatts You have maybe smaller nodes instances like the value has hundred or thousand of them and you continue rice for security with Not for sometimes we're packaging but also for security and you have microservices So maybe 100 containers per node you have traffic from the outside world you have user uploads and stuff like that Internal traffic and you don't use that users don't don't access the cluster directly They they basically ask someone if they can deploy is a new app on the cluster and you have any advanced features Let that I've listed here, but So that was kind of the communities that communities has to offer so going to What we do at NVIDIA as you've seen very large nodes and we can trust the users Because our cluster are sometimes air-gapped or very little access to the outside So if someone acts the cluster if someone uses zero day on our cluster I mean we're just going to fire him and that's that's pretty much it We they ran trusted we weren't trusted trusted code on or on our on our clusters So and also not all applications that containerize if an application does not containerize because it's packaged Well, well don't use a container We don't want people to force users to use a container because they did that job correctly. So The this actual step is actually Eliminate communities already because communities is is fully containerized everything and we have few applications by node We don't we are not very dense and we have multi node jobs also, which mean that you have you need to start 30 You need to start the job on 30 nodes in parallel so it takes a bit of time and as I say mostly little traffic to the outside world So So we have not chosen communities like unlike me maybe many people before us We have chosen something that's pretty classic in HPC called slurm. So it's more It was way more adapted to our use case so it has advanced scheduling algorithms so for coders teams and stuff like that and Especially it supports gang scheduling which mean that if you need to run on 30 nodes There is no need to start running unless everyone is ready because if you start running on 15 nodes You're just going to spend CPU cycles waiting for the other 15 nodes to join So you really have to make sure that they are already at the same time and start at pretty much the same time Otherwise, it's just waste and lower in time overhead the control plane is pretty small topology aware so that that if you have new machines you are you optimize for performance in the allocation and It's user centric is that you submit a bash script It will run your bash script you can SSH into a login node and then have an interactive session on the honor on a big machine like we showed and it's about GPUs and Well, the only drawback was it did not support containers and we use containers for especially for deep learning machine learning so But it does support plugins. So what we did is We looked at our requirements and we need performance. We didn't know overhead in The container runtime we need to support darker images because our researchers to install darker on their machines Because that's that's convenience. That's a nice UI lookable. Everything is is is nice We need soft crystal multi-tenancy So that means that you can have multiple users on the same machine But you just just want to make sure they don't steal resources for someone else We are not trying to really strongly isolate Between so it's not a security boundary. Just you you have two CPUs You have four CPUs and you cannot take more and we need GPU supports Milan ox for RDMA for networking and Multinal jobs so the runtime should not get in the way of all of that and also interactive containers can install package Petrace s trace gdb your process everything like that, so There was no container runtime that really filled this need So it was actually simpler a simpler still to use slum But use a plugin system to create a new one and integrate it than modifying Kubernetes for needs. So that's what we did Before I on over to Jonathan just want to mention that Get something out of the way first is that to a writing a secure privileged container runtime is very very hard So there's this presentation by Alexa from from if one month ago or so so We you really want to have something that You really have to use what we call using them spaces and that's basically the point of his office talk so you avoid a lot of Issues and so if you get that out of the way writing a container runtime is not actually that Difficult we're not going to explain how to write a container runtime because there's a lot of talks about this already But we're going to explain what the reasons why we did what we did and and the last point being here that Even if you don't if you trust your users pretty much like you do So I still a lot of accidents or damage that can happen if you still give roots in real root inside containers for users like Files access to files or breaking the system or or being able to debug from outside a container to debug a container Because if it's if it's run as you ID zero you might not be able to debug it So our runtime is called and wrote and I will end up to try to to explain each topic here on this list right, so we're going to go through some of the design principles there are listed here and to be fair, it's a heavily influenced for LXC So The first thing we did was like we actually use using spaces. The reason for that is we wanted a fully un-privileged container The difference with other runtimes though is we only have one user namespace mapping which basically maps the user That's outside of the container. It's the same user inside. So they have the same you ID and optionally we let them also remap themselves as roots inside the container and Why we have both of like both choices is because like some application refuse to run as root and Some need actually roots access or fake root access We also like keep the same username inside the container for just convenience as not to confuse people and And we can automatically mount home and other things inside the container Also like know that like run C or like Docker base containers They they always remap roots inside the container and we we don't So talked about other run times in like traditional run signs They usually use sub UID and sub JIT maps for user namespaces and they they do that because they want to allocate a huge chunk of UIDs and GIDs and We don't really do that because we run application containers. We don't need like this UID separation but we you kind of have to when you start installing packages because You usually need to be a root and you have you need to have additional UIDs and GIDs because The packages will try to install new users and your groups Plus like there's also a problem with sub UID and sub JIT maps is that you have it's difficult to maintain across a cluster They have some efforts in shadow utils and stuff to solve this problem, but right now it's kind of difficult and You can also run into permission issue once you like exit the container then you have like you have to deal with like Permissions that were inside the container are now different outside So to solve that we basically use a sac-com filter and we trap all the set UID Cisco's to make them succeed even though they don't have a mapping inside the container We also wanted like a standalone runtime with low overhead. So basically there's no demon involved There's no persistent spawning demon and we inherit all the C groups from whatever was above us So it could be system D it could be a Docker if we're running and wrote inside Docker or it could be slurring itself in our case and For doctors people are really confused by that because you actually use the C groups from the Docker demon and not from the Docker run command And that's that's kind of the behavior we wanted Also, like basically after the runtime has executed the application. It's out of the picture So it execs the application and just disappear So you don't have any other process hanging around like like run Sierra Docker have like to handle PTOI or exit or tracking containers So we don't have that We also wanted minimal isolation, so we don't need like this fancy network namespace We is like overlays or or we don't need an IP for each container. We don't need to bind privilege port We also don't want to PID any space because tend to confuse some programs as we saw before and And also like handling PID one is pretty tricky and we've seen a lot of people like running sleep as PID one As I said like we just want to keep the C groups that were handled to to us and Especially that like the skill area is Like as better insights on like what needs to happen like if you can overcome it resources or not and and obviously it simplifies the runtime and improves the performance and Speaking of performance some of like the problems you can get with traditional runtimes is you have a network namespace We just like you usually involves a bridge or a net or overlay Networking, so you had overhead there you have set comp and LSM which can have overhead for Cisco heavy applications we also rely on share memory a lot, so we need shared IPC namespace and Docker and other runtimes also try to tune your our limits, which sometimes are not really adapted so for example mebmock is pretty low on Docker by default and Something that's less known is like when you actually turn on second by default on a lot of distribution you turn on also a spectra mitigation, so if you're concerned about performance then like We actually don't want that Low-noted, but MPI which is like a standard for a framework for message pass passing that we use to communicate inside a node or even outside So MPI doesn't really like also PID and IPC name faces as we discussed and The cool thing of having like a fully unprivileged runtime is that we can use a cross-memory attach So it it's like the Cisco is process VM right V which is extensively used by MPI and That actually requires P trace access, so with traditional privilege runtimes. It's kind of hard to have that working As for coordination with PMI and PMX I'm really dwell on that but We just let like we actually need to pass file descriptor to the actual containers who we link file descriptor inside the containers by default The most difficult part is actually the importing Docker images in the runtime Because you have to deal with a lot of the OCI stuff UFS formats and other things and we really wanted to speed that up Because we pull like really big images So what we do is we actually relay on over a fs to basically do a power in Basically, we just want the kernel to do all the Quashing of layers rather than like a sequential extraction like Docker or Emoji do Also, we found out that like just using plain bash like the parallel curl Pipeline it tends to be much faster than that going because some of the packages are not really optimized And we weren't really Found off the format like the VFS format for example that podman or Docker have because it's huge on disk space and If you were to use the overlay driver in Docker or other things what they do is they actually keep the layers uncompressed But you can't share the layers between users because you would need something like shift fs or something to convert the LEDs so what we do is we actually Share layers across the same across users in the same group and we compress them with Z standard And we have a helper binaries for overlay because Unfortunately overlays privilege It's unprivileged on Ubuntu, but it's kind of broken it right now We have that Which is not owned by default. So only the admin can import images by default with Android For the image format we chose a squash FS and we wanted to be super simple So basically when we convert the Docker image all the entry point becomes just slash atc slash rc all the environment goes to ATC environment and the volumes goes to ATC fs tab and Basically when you land in the container you can edit this configuration configuration files like you used to and and restart the container and it will just be picked up We like squash fs images because you can store that as a single file on the parallel file system and and use it We'll pull that really fast internally and also avoid like all the thundering hurts problems that you have when well You kick in a multi-node jobs and it starts pulling the image like hundred times Also useful for hair gap where the admin can control actually what you can run so it imports the squash fs and just stores it on the cluster and you can also mount it as a block device and Have it lazily fetch for example through NFS or something Also we and finally like we wanted to be super simple So the runtime is actually just a simple shell script that's like five hundred lines of code and it uses just basics Linux utilities to set up everything so It's actually easy for users and admin to customize everything if they want to if there's something that you don't like in the runtime they can change something and we have users and and System-wise configuration that you can drop in if you want the mounts or environment in all your containers on the system or on this Or all the containers are for specific users. You can just write this configuration files So now for the basic usage you can just So basically you can do any written port. It will just give it give it the doctor your eye and you end up with Like a squash fs representing the entire image then you can store that and share it with someone You can create then a container from this squash fs image Which just unpacked the squash fs and under your xdg data path And then you can start obviously stuff in there So you can run and video semi in tensorflow or you can also remap yourself as root and have the Read write root file system so you can install packages as a non-prilogy user Some of the advanced stuff you can do also is you can start the actual image directly in this case we actually rely on fuse to mount squash fs and And all your change are in memory And the really I think like neat thing that like people like is actually being able to create Self-extracting bundles so you can do and read bundle and then you will actually have a Run file that way we call in run file that includes the image and the runtime so you can send that to anyone running Linux and they can just run your container without any dependency So if you have an experience you want to share with a co-worker you can send it by email or send even to by email or something Which is really really practical Especially when you do cloud deployments as well You don't have to install anything on the instance. You just drop this file and run it Now When you look at how it's implemented inside We have few utilities that replace basically the Linux ones. They're really simple it's basically three of them and written share and run mountain and rich switch route and We have two other ones which are mostly used for Docker imports if we were to use the actual Utilities directly you could write your own custom runtimes real easily. So here you just download the Ubuntu official root file system You create new namespaces and then you mount a bunch of things and at the end You just exact switch route and run bash inside your container and now you have a really simple my container runtime and now I'll give the Felix which will explain the storm plugin that we did right. So we saw and routes the runtime So we actually give access to this runtime for users so they can use and would start and would create But we didn't want to have users learn something new because they are used to darker and and but for some for reasons that We have explained we didn't give them access to darker on on our cluster so They are used to the syntax above We slump the comments call S run you just specify your command and it will run that on one node on multiple nodes and you say I want to run Python on one node and Slump has a lot of plugins and it was very nice because we could add we added the container image dash container image Flag and you say I want to run tensorflow and that's the only change in blue and yellow here That's the only change that our users had to learn they can still use any route if they want But we wanted to make it easy. They don't know about the container run times They don't know it's enroute They don't know it actually started as a prototype with LXC to and it was the same syntax because here We don't need to be very complicated because our runtime is very simple too. We just want to say run this image With mounts and that's pretty much it. That's the basic So a little bit of the details Oh, we do that since slurm that we start the container or so so right now It's within routes and we basically get the handles on the namespaces We get the environment variables about the process and we get the directory where the container is But we cannot hijack the exec we cannot hijack the exec python train the py so it's more like a Darker exec what we do here in slurm is we docker exec was that before just before we go to the python trade on Train the py we do a bunch of set and s calls to join the namespaces of the container we have created and Then we hand it back to slurm and slurm will execute By 200 dot py it doesn't know it that has been containerized in between but it actually just work That's really just fine, which is those few steps So quickly as I said we have a few just a few New flags so you can name a container if you do container image by torch It pulls that from docker ab transparently and you can name it so you can reuse it if I call that container by torch and I can install a package for instance VM VM touch to you Load that assets in memory and then if I reuse this container name and I add a mount It's still the same container and I will load my data set in memory and then for interactive job if I want a Shell inside my container. It's actually we don't do actually anything on this side slurm as a command as a flag called dash dash pty and I'm a fake I mean I'm remapped roots inside the container and I can do whatever I want with the combination of slurm and our plugin and We have slurm as batch job. So you can have a shell script. You just send this Send this shell script to slurm with s batch and you can render that on 64 nodes for instance And here it's something a bit more complicated, but you can have a multi nodes tensor flow job with 16 Process per node and And five minutes left and we reached a conclusion. So we have five minutes for question so we'll have to single all our colleagues because we've been working on that for a few months at NVIDIA and That's it. So our entire menu roots is open source and get up and our plugin is also open source And we are open for questions now So could you explain a little bit better? What didn't you find that you wanted in? Current HPC container solutions that prompted you to create and route So like like singularity charted cloud these kind of things Well, we reviewed lots of them and I mean each one of them are their downsides I mean, I Could list like all the reasons for each one of them, but we evaluated all of them The closest one was like charted cloud I think which was the closest in philosophy as like and route Problem is I was kind of a little too static in our case So we had we wanted something that was very more dynamic and then like basically we could modify depending on cluster environments So admins are wants to do some stuffs in the container on times and charted cloud was kind of static. So Yeah, and they don't use all the tricks that we we have listed so I mean eventually maybe they will but Right now isn't the case it was easier for us to write it and again. There was 500 lines of best so wasn't too complicated Perhaps I missed it. Are there any bits that need root privileges and handling the containers No, so the runtime itself is fully unprivileged Now the import you only have one you didn't one cap to actually mount overlay But then the actual squashes and privilege So by default we don't allow users to pull images To convert darker images. I mean even though they could do it with like scope you and you mochi or something We don't allow that Because basically it's also discouraging my people from pulling random stuff from the internet And if the admin wants to allow that then you can just add one cap on the binary, which is fairly safe because mounting read-only overlays fairly safe Ubuntu allows it other distribution don't but No, the rest is fully in privilege So now since all the focus here is on HPC's on performance I would like to I can you do my sorry closer. Yeah, the all the focus here is on performance on HPC side side and as a user I would like to understand if your plan is more to go towards a substitute to the modules schema where the Where a single cluster provides to the modules for the software and you load the module and run your software With the library already pre-configured or you rather see the cluster the cluster It guys to provide you the container that is compact with the software specifically compiled for that cluster or you provide The container to run the software like TensorFlow for example connect download the application from your side should probably should it be provided by my Cluster it guy or should I compile it myself in your environment? How do you foresee it or the module scheme out is not? It's not yet. It's not okay right now For example, I mean I see the module scheme. I as the standard Right, so the problem we problem with modules and stuff. It's like I mean you only get all the benefits from containers So it's mostly admin driven where our in our needs were more like user centric where we want to use Or to bring their own applications. So modules didn't really fit these We didn't want admins to be really involved in in the process of running apps as for Actually compiling stuff specifically for your clusters We tend to do that with our containers. So Okay, but if I am How do you call it if I am a developer and I Develop my software for for something my specific case for TensorFlow Okay, I do that and at the end if I provide to the end user the Container with TensorFlow embedded in it the flag that I will that I would have used to compile that Particular machine would have been the one that fit my own clusters Environment, okay, not the one of the final user in his own machine, right? Okay, so it will be useless for him at the end Or it won't be the maximum performance that you will get by compiling it on its right and again We so we have a registry where we host all the optimized stuff from for our platforms But again, you like you can have an admin that just drop squash files They're specifically compiled for your clusters and then your users can just use the squash file that the admin imported similarly to modules Or you can have the user if you really knows what he's doing Can also push something to a registry and pull that so we have both use cases covered pretty much Yeah, and we're off time. Thank you


The Automated Remote Biodiversity Monitoring Network, ARBAMAN, is a novel combination of hardware and software that automates data acquisition, management, and species identification based on audio recordings, using a solar-powered remote monitoring station that sends one-minute recordings every 10 minutes to a base station, which relays the recordings in real-time to the project server for processing and uploading to the project website. The system includes a module for viewing, listening, and annotating recordings, as well as a species identification interface to help users create machine learning algorithms to automate species identification and presents data on vocal activity patterns of birds, frogs, insects, and mammals from Puerto Rico and Costa Rica. This article was authored by T. Mitchell-Ade, Carlos Caradabrabo, Marconi Campo Cirqueira, and others.


So students, we are continuing with the housekeeping, good housekeeping in the code which we started in the last module. And in this module, we'll talk about the line breaks. And we will also talk about something very useful, which is the reserved words. Reserve words are the words which you cannot use in your code, because that are used by the JavaScript interpreter itself. So let's look at the outline. So this is the module outline line breaks, placing JavaScript correctly, JavaScript statements and the reserved words. And mind you that there are certain reserved words which are currently used, which I'll share with you and the reserved words, which are going to be available for the interpreter in the future. So avoid using them. So let's go into more details. So what are line breaks line breaks are called as carriage returns. And as per the European Computer Manufacturers Association, they are called as terminators also. Now, if you recall that the improper use of the semicolon created errors, so the improper use of the line breaks, similarly can create errors with reference to the return keyword. So what is the common application? The common application of this line break is the readability. The readability of long lines of code, the readability of single lines of code. And of course, this extra line break over here, that can create unwanted effects, extra line breaks. A similar example we had with reference to the return semicolon, the last module. Let's go into more details. So now that we know what was the issue with the line breaks, now where do we place the JavaScript? So we can place the JavaScript in the head section over here, or we can place it within the body tags over here also. Now, the placing of the script stands up within the body section is becoming more common. This is becoming more common. Why? Because sure to declare what type of script you are using, although other script types can be used, because this module is about JavaScript, we declare the following within the opening script, we declare it over here that we are using JavaScript. One important issue not okay noted, when you use JavaScript release, the pages declared as extensible hypertext markup language. Therefore, JavaScript used within strict x HTML should be declared as follows, like this. Okay, older browsers might not parse the C data section correctly, this section by the older browsers. Okay. So what to do? This problem can be worked around by placing the C data opening and closing lines within JavaScript comments like this. So use this approach, working around the old browsers. I believe you understand. Where do you place the JavaScript? Now, what you can also do is you can place the code in an external file also. Instead of the page itself, instead of the page, instead of the page itself, you can place it in external file. When you place the actual JavaScript code in a separate file, you don't need to use this ugly C data section at all in the previous module. You will probably discover that for anything but the smaller script defining your JavaScript in a separate files, usually with the file extension.js. Okay. Dot just over here. And then linking to those scripts within the page is desirable. Here's a reminder of how you link to a file using the source attribute of the script tag. This is how you place in an external file. Okay. Placing JavaScript in an external file has several advantages also, including the following. These are some of the advantages. For example, keeping the JavaScript code in a separate file makes maintaining the HTML easier, and it preserves the structure of the HTML without you having to use the C data section for XTML. So over here, you don't need the C data. Using JavaScript in a separate file, you can make changes to the JavaScript code in that separate file without touching the HTML. Okay. No, no touch. No touch HTML. All right. Using a separate file for JavaScript enables web browsers to cache the file, thus speeding up the web page load for the users. This cashing, feed up. Okay. Feed up. So JavaScript statements, what is the statement like programs written in other languages, JavaScript programs consist of statements put together that cause the JavaScript interpreter to perform one or more actions. And like statements in other languages, JavaScript statements can be simple or compound. Okay. This module briefly examines JavaScript statements. Right. So what's in a statement JavaScript is more than you might think a JavaScript statement or expression is a collection of tokens of various categories, including keywords. Okay. You have keywords. You have literals. Okay. And you have tokens. There are many things over here. A statement usually ends with a semicolon, except in special cases, the loop constructors such as if while and here are some examples of basic JavaScript statements over here, basic JavaScript statements. The two types of JavaScript statements, the JavaScript statement came in two basic forms, simple and compound will not spend a lot of time on it. All right. However, you should know the difference between simple and compound statements. A simple statement is just what you would expect. It's very simple. This is a simple statement. This is a compound statement. Okay. A compound statement combines multiple levels of logic. And if then else conditional, such as the one given here provides good example of this compound statement, simple statement. Okay. And we have these two types of statements. I think this should be clear now. So what are the reserved words? Certain words in JavaScript are reserved, which means you can't use them as variable identifiers or constant names within your program. Because doing so will cause the code to have unexpected results, such as errors. For example, you've already seen the reserved word var in previous examples. In previous example, you've already seen var. Okay. And using the word var to do anything but declare a variable can cause errors or other unexpected behavior depending on the browser. So over here, don't do this. Don't do this. Alright, so we have this currently set of reserved words, several other words shown in the following table are reserved for future use, and therefore, shouldn't be used in your programs. So these are the future ones. So I believe it should be clear to you, you have to be careful with using the reserved words. That's all for this module.


Bonjour tout le monde. Before I get started, I want to take a moment to recognize Canadians who are doing some of the toughest jobs in the country. The women and men working in our hospitals, our seniors' homes, and our long-term care facilities are making sacrifices every day. If you do one of these jobs, thank you. Thank you for keeping us safe and healthy and protecting our loved ones. You deserve our full support, so if you need a hand getting through these tough times, we'll be there for you. Today, we're announcing more help for more Canadians. This includes topping up the pay of essential workers. At the same time, we'll also be expanding the Canada Emergency Response Benefit to reach people who are earning some income, as well as for seasonal workers who are facing no jobs, and for those who have run out of EI recently. A little later, I'll have some news about where we are with testing. In Parliament, you heard me talk about the contributions of the greatest generation, those who grew up during the Great Depression and who fought for the Second World War. Today, through the country, the last members of this generation live in homes for elderly people and long-term care facilities. The tragic and disturbing truth is that the same places where we take care of our seniors are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. It's a subject I'll discuss with the Prime Minister during our discussion that will take place tomorrow evening. We all have to do better. We all have to prove leadership to support the seniors who built this country. To begin, our government will work with provinces and territories to increase the salaries of our essential workers who earn less than $2,500 a month, and we will continue to do so. You heard me speak in Parliament about the contributions of the greatest generation, who grew up during the Depression and fought through the Second World War. Today, across the country, the last members of this generation live in nursing homes and long-term care facilities. The uncomfortable and tragic truth is that the very places that care for our elderly are the most vulnerable to COVID-19. I'll be addressing this with premiers tomorrow night. We all need to do better. We all need to take leadership for the seniors who've built this country. Our government will work with the provinces and territories to boost wages for essential workers who are making under $2,500 a month, like those in our long-term care facilities. For many workers looking after the most vulnerable Canadians, including seniors and those with disabilities, we know conditions have gotten more difficult over the past weeks, and you need support right now. Tomorrow, in our weekly meeting, I will discuss with provincial and territorial leaders the importance of getting this wage boost in place as quickly as possible. As we face an unprecedented threat to public health, you are our most important line of defence. We will do whatever we can to help you do your job and support you through this time. In March, our government has installed the Canadian emergency service. This measure is part of a plan that we have set in place to look at whether everyone has the necessary help to go through this difficult period. Millions of people have already received the award, but we know that the world is not admissible. There is always a need for help. So today, we are going to support the criteria of admissibility to allow even more people to benefit. If you earn $1,000 a month or less, you will now be able to receive the Canadian emergency service because a lot of people don't work as much as before, and others must adapt to the reality of work at work or at work. The workers who have exhausted their employment insurance performance recently will also be able to receive the service. And through the country, a lot of people will not be able to work as hard this year because of the pandemic, and therefore the Canadian emergency service will be there for them as well. It is also a difficult context for the artists and the creators across the country. Cultural places are closed, and work is getting rarer. Minister Gilbaugh heard from the artists who asked that the rights of the authors for the work done before this crisis are not included to access the Canadian emergency service, and that's what we're going to do. So in these anxious times, the artists continue to make us think, to make us dream, and to put a bit of sun in our daily lives, and we still recognize them. Today, I can announce that we are expanding the Canada Emergency Response Benefit to include people making up to $1,000 a month, seasonal workers, and people whose EI has recently run out.  Even if you're still working or if you want to start working again, you probably need help in making ends meet. So if you earn $1,000 or less a month, you'll now be able to apply for the CERB. If you were expecting a seasonal job that isn't coming because of COVID-19, you'll now be able to apply. And if you've run out of EI since January 1st, you can now apply for the CERB as well. And for others who still need help, including post-secondary students and businesses worried about commercial rent, we'll have more to say to you very soon. No matter who you are or where you live, we're in your corner. After accepting a first request from the Canadian Armed Forces for Nunavik, the government of Quebec sent us a second request for the North Coast. I can assure you that these are the Canadian Rangers who will go to pay their bills. After having accepted the first demand for help from the Canadian Armed Forces for Nunavik, the Government of Quebec has sent us a second request for the North Coast. I can confirm that the Canadian Rangers will be there to provide support. I want to thank our women and men in uniform and the families who serve alongside them for all that they do. Whenever we need you most, you're always there for us. By the time we can feel overcome by events, we're in a situation that may seem unreal and it's not always easy to compose with everything that's happening around us. This week, the government launched a portal that brings together all the resources in terms of mental health that are at your disposal. You can go to canada.ca or use the Canada COVID-19 application to talk to someone. There's no one to feel like that. The important thing is to seek help. If you're feeling overwhelmed, know that you aren't alone. And there are people who can help. We have launched a mental health portal at canada.ca and through the Canada COVID-19 app where you can go to find support. So if you need to, please reach out. We'll be there for each other. Finally, we have more news today to share on testing. Lumen Ultra from New Brunswick with whom we signed a contract is now ramping up production of enough COVID-19 test chemicals to meet the weekly demand in all provinces. And in the last few days, we received a new batch of swabs to make sure every province has the supplies they need to keep testing. Whether it's reagents or test kits, we are ensuring that Canada has the tools to fight this virus. Tomorrow, I'll also be speaking with the other G7 leaders about continuing to coordinate a strong and effective global response to this pandemic. Lumen Ultra from New Brunswick is increasing its production capacity to provide enough chemical products to perform the COVID-19 tests that we have to do every week in all provinces. And in the last few days, we received more supplies for the provinces. I know that everyone wants to know when life will take its course. And the reality is that we can't give you a precise date. But here's what we know. In order for it to end, you have to stay at home. You have to limit our travel as much as possible and keep a distance of two meters from the others. And if everyone does their part, we will go through it together. Thank you.