وَأَقُولُ فِي القُرْآنِ مَا جَاءَتْ بِهِ أَيَاتُوْهُ فَهُوَ الْكَارِيمُ الْمُنْزَالُوْهِ وَأَقُولُ قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَالْمُصْطَافَ الْهَاديِ وَلَا أَتْ أَوَّالُوْهِ الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وشد الله إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهدي السبيل واشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعاله وعاله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى as you can all see we are in the last 10 days of the great blessed month of Ramadan it is from the minan and the blessings of Allah سبحانه وتعالى that we reached this time ولو الله if it wasn't for him سبحانه وتعالى we would have been from the many who passed away who died before Ramadan or within Ramadan but did not reach these last 10 days so we ask him سبحانه وتعالى as he has allowed us to reach Ramadan that he also allows us to finish this noble month and this blessed month my beloved brothers and sisters how could we benefit and maximize the benefits that we can take from these 10 days إن شاء الله وتعالى that is what my lecture is and that is what I want to talk about بإذن الله الكريم the first thing that is needed from us is number one we need to fast fasting is an action itself has a great station the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said in the hadith القدسي كل عمل ابن آدم إله every action that the slave does it's for him أما كل عمل ابن آدم all of the actions that the slave the children of Adam do الحسنة عشر أم تاريحة 10 is multiplied by 10 إلى 700 and it's multiplied up to 700 الله سبحانه وتعالى he says some of the rewayat says إلا الصيام and some of the rewayat says إلا صوم fasting فإنه لي fasting is for me وانا أجزي بي and I am the one who rewards based on fasting so fasting the reward is ambiguous we don't know it and the scholars they say إبهام والأجلي the fact that the reward is hidden it is a delil it's evidence that is vast because the one who is hiding it and not telling you about it is who الله عز وجل and we don't expect something little from him what we expect from Allah is what great and high if a leader says to you you know what I'll look after you are you going to expect something simple from him is a leader when he says I'm going to look after you he doesn't need to tell you what he's going to do are we together brothers when Allah سبحانه وتعالى says فإنه لي fasting is for me وانا أجزي بي and I will reward you it shows that the reward of fasting is greater than what we can what we can comprehend also the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he said in a hadith من لم يدع قول الزور anyone who does not leave of false testimony and he doesn't leave of ignorance foul language من لم يدع قول الزور والعمل به والجهل فليس لله حاجة أن يدع طعامه وشرابه Allah doesn't have no desire Allah does not want from you to leave food and drinking if what you're falling into is foul language if you're speaking ill and if you're coming with things that will reduce your fasting brothers what affects fasting is two things number one is things that reduce your fasting it doesn't fully take it away it doesn't fully nullify your fasting but it reduces it the second thing is that which will nullify your fasting the things that will reduce your fasting in terms of reward is the things that you say and the things that you do other than eating drinking intimacy deliberately choosing to vomit and apostating those five they nullify your fasting anything other than those five other than those five which are major sins they will reduce your fasting even now that you've entered the last ten days of Ramadan make sure that you stay away from those two number two the second thing that we need to do in this month these last ten days is القيام we need to stand we need to stand فالله سبحانه وتعالى عائش رضي الله وتعالى عنها she said في الحديث الذي رواه البخاري ومسلم that بخاري ومسلم both narrated كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا دخل عشر الأواخر and another wording is كإذا دخل العشر if the last ten days entered the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم أحيى الليلة he will revive the night وأي قضاء أهله he will wake up his family وشد المئزر and he's صلى الله عليه وسلم he will tighten his waist and the scholars they say this means he will stay away from his wives and intimacy and he will work excessively hard عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم so now that these ten nights have entered what is the slave meant to do the slave is meant to awaken it up with praying the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم he said إن حديث ألمام البخاري ومسلم حديث أبي هوريرا من قام ليلة القدر إيمانا وحتسابا وفر لهم ما تقدم من ذنبي anyone who stands up stands up when he stands up ليلة القدر with two characteristics إيمانا believing in Allah وحتسابا hoping for reward his sins will be forgiven and Allah when he prays عباد الرحمن what did he say ودريسي وعباد الرحمن الذين يمشون على الأرض هونة وإذا خاطبهم الجاهلون قالوا سلامة والذين يبيتون لربهم سجدا وقيامة they spend what they spend the night standing أصول الله سبحانه و تعالى يسر إن النذ آية أما هو قانت أنا الليل ساجدا وقائما يحذر الآخرة ويرجو رحمة ربه قل هل يستوي الذين يعلمون والذين لا يعلمون إنما يتذكر أولو الألباب إذا الله يقول الذين يتذكرون كل night standing up إنه يضع so much effort هل هو like the one who's not so the slave what does he do this time he stands up and he makes sure that he prays to Allah الله سبحانه و تعالى يقول إن النذ آية وأمر أهلك بالصلاة وستبر عليها وأمر أهلك بالصلاة come on your family your offspring the prayer and Allah سبحانه و تعالى يقول be patient upon that وذلك عثمان رضي الله و تعالى عنه it was said that he would pray the qiyam from isha and to fajr just before isha he would eat his sohoor and then عثمان رضي الله عنه will pray و لذلك the nobu tabii السائب و يزيد and he said كان القارئ the reciter from amongst us he would lead us that prayer يقرأ المئتين he would read 200 verses he would choose and when he would read those verses he would pray for so long and for so extra until one of us would have to hold onto a stick or something and then look what he said at the ending and they never used to pray the qiyam except fajr time 200 verses slowly that's how they would pray so that's what we need to do how should we do that if the imam says الله أكبر we say الله أكبر with him and we finish with the imam the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said in the hadith من قام مع إمامه حتى ينصرف anyone who prays with the imam until the imam finishes the prayer كوتي باله قيام الليل what is written for you قيام الليل the scholars they said من قام مع إمامه anyone who stands up with his imam there's the imam if it changes if it becomes two imams is the imam the one that's leading that's meant here or the salah itself قول الراجع is that salah even if the imam changes it means that if the imam is leading and he starts the prayer you finish the salah from the beginning to the end regardless of who's leading it from the beginning of the end then you have the reward what brothers it's as though you stood up the whole night the third thing that we need to do brothers is a sadaqa the prophet SAW said in the hadith افضل sadaqa the greatest type of charity to give is sadaqa in ramadan is the charity that's done in this month how could a person do sadaqa in ramadan two ways in sha Allah number one إطعام الطعام give food Allah says in the Qur'an يوفون من نذر ويخافون يوما كان شره مستطيرة ويطعمون الطعام على حبي مسكينة ويتيمة واسيرة لوجه الله لا نريد منكم جزاء ولا شكورة that they give those who are in need what did they give them ويطعمون الطعام they give food عبدالله السلام رضي الله تعالى عنه when I came to the city of medina I saw the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم when I looked at his face I realized this man is not a liar he's a prophet of Allah and he said the first thing I heard him say was افشو السلام واتعم الطعام وصلو بالليل والناس ونيام تدخل الجنة بسلام the first thing I heard him say was these statements and from the things was what اطعم الطعام give food the second way that you could do صدقة is by helping a person تفطير الصائمين a person who's fasting giving something to break his fast the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said من افطر الصائم anybody who breaks the fasting of a person who's fasting at iftar time you're giving something كان الله مثل اجله you get the reward of that person which you broke their fast but على انه لا ينقص من اجورهم شيئا the people among the صائم in which you gave the food to his reward will not be reduced الله will give you that reward if that person is fasting though so this is how we should go number four is الاجتهاد في قراءة القرآن that we exert every effort in reciting the Quran and these are in two ways in two ways we exert every effort in reciting the Quran the first one is كثرة قراءة القرآن they would read the Quran as much as we can some of the salaf you all know they would read the Quran so much if a man would finish the Quran once a day and محمد وديلسة الشافعي would finish the Quran how many times a day one in the morning one in the day time and one at the night time so in شافعي and he finished the Quran 60 times in Ramadan and others it was narrated other things from them امام مالك رحمه الله he used to have the biggest gathering in Medina they said 40,000 people some of the gathering in Medina to hear the hadith from him امام مالك رحمه الله but when Ramadan would enter he would close the gathering of teaching and he would sit down to read Quran وكانت له ختمات he would have finishing the Quran in Ramadan every three days he would finish the Quran امام مالك رحمه الله so there's many you can find in the كتاب لطائف المعارف and the مصنف ابن أبي شيبة رحمه الله the second thing is البكاء عند تلاوة القرآن when you read the Quran that you ponder and you cry over it and you contemplate over it وذلك الله says in the Quran وقرآن فرقناه لتقرأه على الناس على مكث ونزلناه تنزيلة قل آمنه به أو لا تؤمنه إن الذين إن الذين أوتوا العلم من قبل إذا يتلع عليهم يخرون للأذقان السجدة ويقولون سبحان ربنا إنه ويقولون سبحان ربنا إن كان وعد ربنا لمفعولة ويخرون للأذقان يبكون ويزيدهم خشوعة إذا الله يقوم بعملهم سبحانه وتعالى the fact that they would cry over the Quran ويقوم بعمل ويقولون وقد كنت عندما يحدث عبد الله يبين مسعود وقد تقوم بعمل وبدأ كيف وصوم بعمل وصوم بعمل ويقولوا سورة وصوم بعمل ويقولوا سورة وصوم بعمل وقلت فيه قبل أن يأتي إلى الآية فكيف يأتي من كل أمة المشاهدين وقلت بك على أولى شهيدا وقلت في هذا الآية وقلت فيه حس بوك ستوقف وقلت فيه فنظرت فإذا عينه تضريفان عندما أرى الممتعين وموترين هذا هو ما يحتاج مننا نمبر 5 هو الجلوس في المسجد حتى تطلع على شمس عندما تقلت فيه فجر لا تتطلع من جميعك تبقوا لك حتى الارض even if you don't do any traffic in the masjid تبقوا لك في هذه الآية تبقوا لك حتى الارض النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من صلى الفجر في جمعه من who prays the salat to al-Fajr in a jama'a وماذا تفعله؟ ثم قاعد يدكر الله he sits in his position he remembers Allah سبحانه وتعالى and he doesn't move حتى تطلع على الشمس until the sun rises ثم صلى ركعتين and then he prays two rak'a كانت له it is for him كأجر حجة like a reward of hajj another iwayah says a hajj like me the scholars they differed on its authenticity for now we will take the authentication of sheikh محمد ناصر ردينة الباني number six is i'itikaf which many of you are already planning to do to do i'itikaf in the masjid the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he used to do i'itikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan and that itself it's a virtue the fact that the Prophet used to do it and the fact that Allah سبحانه وتعالى he says in the ayah وَلَا تُبَاشِيرُوهُنَّ وَأَنْتُمْ عَاكِفُونَ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ لكن ألمام أحمد رحمه الله في مسائل الخلال he was asked about the reward of anyone who does i'itikaf what's the reward for the mu'atekif and he mentioned there is no reward i know for the mu'atekif which is the correct one there is no authentic reward for the mu'atekif but insha'Allah that doesn't mean that there is no reward the eighth the seventh point insha'Allah is التحري في ليلة القدر it is your hardest to find ليلة القدر the prophet SAW he said فلتمسوها في العشر الأواخر try to look for ليلة القدر in what في العشر الأواخر in the last ten in the last ten nights of Ramadan we don't know what night it is but we only know that it's going to be in one of those ten nights and the qul which is راجح that the Imamunna we mentioned in this كتاب المجمع which is the shara'a of al-muhaddab which is the shirazi that the qul of Imam Malik سوفيانة ثوري سوفيانة برسعيد ثوري أبو ثور أحمد ابن حمر رواية عنه وإسحاكم الراهوية is that ليلة القدر is not a specific night in the last ten nights it moves from one night to another so last year it could be in the 27th and this year it could be the 21st it will move around what does that make us do brothers it makes us put extra work in making sure that we work hard to catch that night the virtues of it is that it is better than a thousand months خير من ألف شهر and a thousand months brothers is what 83 years and 4 months it's like you prayed and you watched Allah for 83 years and 4 months if you catch that night and you get hold of that night another thing is سلامهية حتى مطلع الفجر ابن القيّم in his kitab بداع الفوائد he says that سلامهية it means سلامة من العقاب في الدنيا والآخرة that you are safe from the punishment of this dunya الله will protect you from any harm any problems from this dunya and also what the punishment of the hereafter سلامون that's what it means but until when is ليلة القدر سلامهية حتى مطلع الفجر it's up to Fajr after Fajr there's no Laila Tulkadr you've missed it that's why it's called Laila it starts from من غروب الشمسي إلى الفجر الثاني this is the time that the person has to work hard number 8 is الإكسار من الذكري والدعاء والاستغفار at this particular time we should make دعاء we should make استغفار الله says in the Quran و بالأسحارة هم يستغفرون عباد الرحمن the righteous people are known to what this is what they are known to do and Imam would tell me he narrated in his Sunan that our mother عائشة asked the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم if I catch Laila Tulkadr what shall I do what shall I do the prophet when he said to her say اللهم اللهم إنك عافون كريم تحبوا العفو فعفو عني he told her to make this دعاء so if Laila Tulkadr happens this is the دعاء that our prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم told who our mother عائشة to make the Ramadan the دعاء the times that is accepted in Ramadan is two times and you should you should look for these two times the most the first one is اندل إفطاري لصائم the time when you're breaking your fast and the second one is ثلوث الليلي الأخير the last day of the night when Allah descends سبحانه وتعالى and he says is there anyone who's going to ask me I can give them what they want هل من سائل is there a questioner فأرطيه so I can give him what he asks for if we do that brothers they will truly maximize and benefit from these last 10 days if we don't then as Allah said in the Quran ومن أعرض عن ذكري فإن له معيشة ونحشره يوم القيامة أعمى قال رب لما حشرتني أعمى وقد كنت بصيرة قال كذلك أتتك آياتنا فنسيتها وكذلك اليوم تنسى you'll be from those who abandoned the reward and the greatness that could have come your way and Allah will bring you the day of judgment dumb, deaf and blind and if you've lost that day ليلة القدر and you miss out are you worth living for if an opportunity like that was given to you and it passed by you and you did not seize it nor did you benefit from it then what is it that you live for anything which I have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shaytan and Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشدو الله إله إلا الله أستغفرك وأتوب إلي


All right, it looks like it's time to get started. Hello, I'm Drew Festini. I want to talk today about Linux on Risk 5. I'm a Linux kernel developer for Bay Leib. We're an embedded software consultancy based in Nice in France. We have about 50 engineers around the world, and we contribute to open source projects like Linux, UBoot, Android, and Zephyr. I'm also on the board of directors of the Beagle BoarderDog Foundation. You might be familiar with the small single board computer named the Beaglebone. I'm also part of the Open Source Hardware Association, so if any of you are building open hardware projects, you can go through our certification process. I'm also an ambassador for Risk 5 International, and I'll be talking more about that organization later. So Risk 5 is a free and open ISA, or instruction set. Originally started back in 2010 at UC Berkeley, and the V is as in the Roman numeral for five because it's the fifth risk instruction set to come out of Berkeley. And the reason why I say it's free and open is because the specification for the ISA are available under an open source license, the Creative Commons Attribution License. And it comes in two volumes. There's the unprivileged specification and the privileged specification, and I'll get into more of that a little bit later. So what's different about Risk 5? It's not the first open instruction set, but it's definitely gained a lot of popularity. One of the advantages is a simple clean slate design. So the people at Berkeley that created it, they tried to avoid any dependencies on micro-architectural style, so it's applicable to a wide range of implementations. It's also modular, so the idea is with these extensions, you can go from a small microcontroller all the way up to a large vector machine like a supercomputer. And the key idea here is that there's a stable base. So we have base integer ISAs and standard extensions, which are now frozen, and those won't change. And then we add new functionality through optional extensions, but not new versions of the ISA. So we have these base integer ISAs here. So we have the lowest one, which is 32-bit, and it's actually quite small, so it's actually quite useful for embedded systems or also for teaching, since it's much simpler than other instruction sets. For the purposes of Linux, RV64i is gonna be the most common one. That's the 64-bit. And there's even space in the instruction encoding to have in the feature 128-bit. So there's the base integer registers, and we either have the X-lane defines the register width, so we either have the X-lane of 32 in RV32, or we have the X-lane being 64 in RV64. And we have 32 registers and a program counter. There's a great talk by one of the people at Berkeley that created it about the base size, say that goes more into the instruction coding scheme. And we don't normally refer to the instruction, sorry, we don't normally refer to the registers as X1 through X31, we usually refer to them as their name that's defined in the ABI. So you'll normally see the more symbolic register names there. So in addition to those base integer ISAs, we have standard extensions. So we have M for multiplying divide, A for atomic, which is important for multi-processing machines. FD and Q are different precision of floating point. We have G, which kind of takes several of those and groups them under one letter, which is stands for general purpose computing. And then we have C for compressed instructions. So this is similar to the arm thumb. And one thing that's key for Linux, if you're looking for a RISV core that could support Linux is RV64 GC is what most Linux distributions are targeting. So that's a good RISV ISA string to look for when you're interested in Linux. And then back in 2021, several new extensions were ratified. So 15 new specifications were ratified, which included 40 extensions. Some of the important ones there were vector for variable length vector computing, hypervisor, some cryptography instructions and also bit manipulation. So since this is a highly modular and extensible ISA, it gives you the freedom to pick and choose what you want for your processor design. But the downside to that is it creates a large number of possibilities. So one way of dealing with this complexity is with this concept here of profiles. So we group several of the common different extensions into profiles. So there's two different categories. One is for microcontrollers, which is RVM. That's meant for RISV microcontrollers that be running bare metal or art houses. And then RVA where they is for applications. And that would be a profile for a processor would be running a full operating system like Linux. This is still, the specification is still being worked on. You can find out more. There was a talk at the RISV summit. But in the future, the idea here is that you'll be able to look at what profile the RISV core supports to know people to figure out the software compatibility instead of having to look at these, this string of many different letters. It'll just be something like RVA 22. If you wanna learn more about the RISV instruction set, there's this short book, it's about 100 pages. Takes you through real quick, teaches you the basics of the instruction set called the RISV reader. And while it started at Berkeley, the specifications are now developed by an organization called RISV International. It's an out for profit with over 2,700 members now. So that's companies and universities and even individuals. It's based in Switzerland. Anyone can become a member as an individual or as a nonprofit organization, you can even join free of cost. There's a Wiki that has a lot of helpful resources that I'm always pulling up when I'm trying to look up something. And there's also a lot of the development of the specifications happening. It happens on different mailing lists for different topic areas. You do need to be a member to participate in the mailing list, but you can become a member free of cost and the archives of those mailing lists are public. And then many of the different working groups and technical groups and special interest groups, they might have bi-weekly or weekly meetings or sometimes monthly meetings. So you can find all those on the technical meetings calendar. I run a bi-weekly virtual meetup called RISV Open Hours. So the idea here is just kind of have a casual opportunity for people to discuss what's going on in RISV and ask questions and talk about ideas we have. The context is mostly around open-store software support and dev boards, but it could really be what anyone that joins is interested in talking about. So we do twice a month one that's in a time zone that's good for Asia. So I'm based in the US on the West Coast. So we do one that's in the evening on the West Coast of the US and then that's the next morning in Asia. So we have the next one coming up on October 12th for that. And then later in October will be the one that is good for early evening in Europe, which is the morning in the US and that'll be on the 26th. So sometimes people ask me if RISV is an open-source processor. So RISV itself is just a set of specifications that are under an open-source license. So RISV implementations can be open-source and they can be proprietary. But to me, the thing that I'm excited about is that open specifications make open-source implementations possible. So an open ISA like RISV makes it possible to design open-source processors.  Some sometimes in FPGA, sometimes being taped out into ASICs. So there's several from academia, Rocket and Boom from Berkeley. There's also a family of course called PULP from ETH Zurich. And then for the microcontroller area, there's SWERV, which was created by Western Digital now as part of the Chips Alliance. There's another group called the Open Hardware Group that's trying to create verified IP under their name Corvi. So these are open-source designs that they're trying to make it easy to drop into ASICs that companies might be designing. Google has created the Open Titan Silicon Root of Trust project and they're using a core from Low Risk called Ivex. And then one thing I was quite excited about is Alibaba has a chip design division called THead. They've released their cores as open-source. One of these cores is actually an SOC that's available right now on the market. So in terms of the software ecosystem, RISC-V it's been around starting in 2010. So it's been around for a while now and the software ecosystem is pretty mature for it. So it kinda has all the things you'd expect. There's support in Linux and in BSDs, free BSD, open BSD, free RTOS and Zephyr and then have all the usual tool chains and runtimes you'd expect like GCC, G-Lib-C, Binutils, Klang. And then there's also runtimes that people use nowadays like V8, Rusco, Open JDK, including JIT support in pretty much everything else you can think of. There's a group in China at the Academy of Sciences called the PLCT Lab that's been doing a lot of porting and enablement. So one of the things that's important to running an operating system on RISC-V is the privileged architecture. So this defines three modes. So at the bottom we have machine mode or M mode and that would be where the firmware would run and then we have supervisor mode or S mode and that's where OS kernel like Linux would run and then at the top the least privileged mode is user mode and that's where our user space would run. And the way we transfer control between these is by using the e-call or environment call. So this allows the user space program running an M mode to do an e-call to call into the OS kernel and also the OS kernel can then make an e-call to go into the machine mode firmware. So another concept that's important to RISC-V and the privileged architecture are these control and status registers. So these have their own dedicated instructions to read and write and they're also specific to a mode. So when you're in S mode you won't be able to see the CSRs that are there for M mode and this gives all sorts of important information you need for the kernel needs to know what's going on such as machine status and for a bunch of other sort of conditions that are happening. There's also support for virtual memory with several different levels of page tables. So from the basic three level page table for 32 bit that RV32 uses all the way up to a 57 bit five level page table called SV57. There's two types of traps that happen in RISC-V so we have both exceptions and interrupts and it depends on the first bit there whether or not it's an exception or interrupt and there's a register that says what the source of the interrupt was either for S mode when we're running in supervisor mode or for M mode when we're running in machine mode. One concept that I wanted to bring up here before I go farther is heart. So you'll see this in the RISC-V specifications and it was not a term I'd seen before in this status for a hardware thread. So each RISC-V core contains an independent fetch unit but those might have multiple threading or what we might call SMT. So each RISC-V core could contain multiple hearts. So each heart is basically a processor from Linux perspective. So if you think of a RISC-V system where we have two cores and two hearts per core Linux would see four processors or on the classic Linux boot screen we would have four penguins. So in terms of interrupts we have local per heart interrupts and those are sent via something called the CLINT which is the core local interruptor and then global interrupts come from something called the platform level interrupt controller or the PLIC. So the CLINT would be sending us things like timer interrupts and software interrupts for IPI and then we would be getting our external interrupts from our peripherals like things like a MMC controller or UART or something like that would be coming through an external interrupt which would go through the PLIC and eventually go to the heart. Something that's been developed more recently because this scheme is actually quite simple for a modern system. So something that's been developed more recently is the advanced interrupt architecture, AIA. So this defines new types of interrupt controllers. So there's the advanced platform level interrupt controller and that replaces the normal PLIC with the APLIC but more importantly it adds a new type called the incoming message signal interrupt controller and this is important for PCI Express because in PCI Express you have the MSIs, the message signal interrupts. In addition, there's a new CLINT, a new thing that delivers local interrupts called the ACLINT and this is backward compatible that also adds some new capabilities that makes it more efficient. So I've been talking about M mode and S mode and let's talk about the typical boot flow and how we get from M mode into S mode. So we start off normally on a SOC with a boot ROM and that would go to a first stage boot loader, either U-boot SPL or vendor firmware that would do things like initialize the DDR memory and then eventually we would load U-boot or another boot loader and then that would load and jump into Linux but there's something in the middle there between M mode and S mode that's kind of specific to risk five and that's called SBI. So SBI is the supervisor binary interface. So this is a non-ISI risk five specification. So that means it doesn't add any instructions to risk five but it defines a calling convention between that supervisor mode or S mode and M mode which is the machine mode and the important thing here that it does is allows us to write S mode software like Linux like our OS kernel that can be portable across different implementations. So across different M mode implementations. So the way it works here is we have several different levels here and I mentioned earlier we had we would do e-calls between these so when we're running in user space we do an e-call which is our system call we go down into S mode and the way S mode communicates with M mode is through SBI so it does an e-call into M mode and the calling convention there is defined by this SBI which is the supervisor binary interface. So there's several extensions to SBI that describes what you can do essentially kind of like the function calls that you can make. So there's a base one which just allows you to find out basic information about the machine. There's a timer extension that allows us to program the clock for the next event. There's things for doing inter-processor interrupts so being able to send interrupts to other hearts and also being able to send a fence instruction to other hearts as well. More recently there has been some additional extensions to SBI such as the heart state management so this allows the S mode software like Linux like our Aparin system kernel to be able to stop and start or suspend a heart so this is important for being able to do power management and things like that. We also now have the ability to do a system reset so the supervisor mode software like Linux can request the M modes firmware to shut down the system. There's also now performance monitoring unit instructions as well so this is really important to be able to do performance monitoring things with commands like perf so that's now also supported as well with this SBI extension. In addition to our normal sort of mode we have the hypervisor extension which has an additional layer here so we gain the hypervisor supervisor extension mode where our host OS kernel would run and then we have the virtualized supervisor mode which our guest kernel could run so it just adds a couple more layers there versus the normal S mode and M mode setup. So that's the specification and then the common open source implementation is named open SPI and this is kind of implemented in different layers so there's a core library and there's platform specific libraries and then there's even full reference firmwares that will run on certain dev boards. This in addition to helping boot the system and put it into S mode this also provides those runtime services so I was mentioning these different extensions here and those are the services that open SPI is implementing. It determines basically what we can call from our OS kernel into the M mode firmware. So previously with open SPI you would kind of have to add code for every new RISV core that was being developed like for every new SOC you would have to add code to open SPI and this was not the best approach so we now have something called open SPI generic platform so if you have a new RISV chip you don't need to add code to open SPI you can just describe this system in a device tree and that will be passed on to Uboot so we don't need to go and add C code for each new platform which is quite nice. It also gives us a possibility to have one open SPI binary that could be included on a RISV distro and we wouldn't have to have separate binaries for every different system. There's also support for UEFI that's been added so UEFI is the standard interface between firmware and the operating system for X86 traditionally and also more recently ARM64 so there's support in RISV for RISV UEFI and Uboot and also Tiana Core 2, Tiana Core EDK 2 there's also support in Grub 2 to be a UEFI payload on RISV and there's support in Linux as well for this. One of the problems though was that so typically in a RISV system it passes the boot heart ID and a register but that violates the UEFI calling convention so one thing that had to be done for RISV was a new boot protocol had to be added so that it could, in the correct way, the proper way pass the boot heart ID which is essentially saying which heart is starting the RISV system and that's been proposed as an extension to UEFI. So one of the ways that we're gonna pull all these different things together is through a platform sophistication. It's still being developed but the idea here is that we will have a way for off the shelf software like enterprise Linux distro to be able to say okay I am certified to run on these RISV platforms and a RISV server or something like that and the future could say okay I conform to the RISV platform specification so I'll be able to support a RISV Linux distro that conforms that specification. There are two different categories here. There is RVM CSI which is meant for microcontrollers. I'm not gonna really talk about that here but the one that we're interested in in the context of running a full operating system like Linux is OS-A that A stands for application and it kinda breaks down into a couple different categories. There's common requirements and then there's a specific one for embedded and another one for server platforms. So the common requirements between them is to use these profiles. So I mentioned earlier there was these profiles in development so you'll be able to say something like RVA 22 which will remember those different ISA extension letters.  We'll just say that this platform complies with RVA 22 and then it'll tell you all the different ISA extensions that are required. There's also common requirements for things like debug and timer and interrupt controllers like I was mentioning with the advanced interrupt architecture and also talks about the calling conventions and ABI and those sorts of things. The main thing for the embedded platform is that they borrowed the embedded-based boot requirements that originally came out of ARM so that's kinda the baseline here is basically you need to support everything that EVBR mandates so and on top of that there's a few things that are specify specific but essentially if you're familiar with the embedded-based boot requirements from ARM is essentially all of that so we can use something like U-boot where we're using device tree to describe the hardware and then we're using UEFI as the interface to boot the OS. But for the server platform, the goal is a little bit different here so the goal is to be able to be compatible with enterprise Linux distros and in that area ACPI is quite common so the server platform is going to mandate that ACPI needs to be used to describe the hardware instead of device tree. There's also additional things like requiring PCI Express, certain things like reliability and availability, RAS and then requiring ECC RAM and similar things like that. These are all still in development so there is the possibility to get involved and help define if you have ideas about what you think should be included in these different types of platforms. In terms of ACPI platform, there is now a specification for how this, how ACPI can be implemented on RISC-5 in order to do that because of some of the hardware differences with RISC-5. There were some ACPI tables they need to be added and those are going to be proposed to be able to be added into that specification. It's been driven a lot by Sunil from Ventana Microsystems and he had a presentation at the RISC-5 Summit at last December that goes into more details there. Also at Linux Plumbers earlier this week and I have a link a little bit later on about that. So there is full support in QEMU for RISC-5 and in fact a lot of the development of the new extensions is done in QEMU so QEMU is like really core to the development of the RISC-5 specs and doing proof of concept implementations. So support in the Linux kernel for the RISC-5 architecture has been there since back in 2018 with Linux 4.15. Palmer did the initial port and he was part of the original team at Berkeley and he's still the maintainer for the RISC-5 architecture in Linux. The development is done on the Linux RISC-5 mailing list. You can view the archives on lore and there is actually a fair amount of discussion now on the RISC-5 risk V channel on Libera Chat so Palmer and some of the other active Linux RISC-5 developers are on there pretty regularly. So some things that were added in the last 12 months that were important were KVM RISC-5 support was finally added in Linux 5.16. So I mentioned that there was that new hypervisor specification. We now have support for that in KVM. I also mentioned how there was that extension and SPI to be able to tell the system to reset itself and that's now supported as of Linux 5.17. There was also support in Linux 5.18 to support that five level page table. So that allows us to have 57 bits for our virtual address space which is quite large, it's 128 petabytes. And there was also some, this is actually one that's actually quite important. There was now support to be able to handle all those neat perf commands. So those things that you see like Brenton and Greg doing, actually should now work on RISC-5 because previous actually was a, it was maybe two or three years ago we got support for EVPF so we can do all those fancy performance monitoring things now on RISC-5. There's also in Linux 5.18 support for CPU idle support. So using that heart state management in open SPI we can tell different hearts to stop and start and suspend. So that's tied into the CPU idle framework. One of the things that was interesting as long the way as we added extensions our ability to be able to tell Linux what extensions we have kind of fell apart. So those long string of letters were not quite being parsed correctly by Linux. So as of 5.18 it now understands those ISA strings again. So all those little letters that I was showing you in the beginning. And in 5.19 which is released recently back I think at the end of June the support for page-based memory types was added. I'm gonna get into that a little bit later because that's kind of a bigger topic. One of the things that was interesting for systems with very little RAM like talking like 64 megabytes or 128 megabytes we now have the ability to have three to bit binaries on a 64 bit core the reason here is to have the user space libraries and such take up less RAM. So there's a few RISC-5 parts that have like integrated memory on die and it's very small so this is hopeful for that. There was also new generic ticket-based spin locks that was added in Kexec file support in 5.19. And coming up in 6 which is a little confusing because the pull request said 5.20 but then 5.20 became 6.0. So these are things that will be in 6.0. One of the things here was support for an extension called SSTC. The idea here is it allows us to be more efficient in being able to generate timer interrupts from S mode which is where Linux is running. So this essentially improves the efficiency of being able to use timer interrupts in Linux. Some of the other things that are works in progress is I mentioned that vector extension was passed. So there's a work in progress patch series to support that in Linux. The thing there is with vector ISA as a bunch of new registers so we have to be able to handle that in context which is in a few other things as well. There's also a patch series that's trying to improve the efficiency of inter-processor interrupts as well. So there's several Linux distros that are supporting RISC-5. So Fedora has a version. It's not the official version but I think eventually it'll become that but they have support in QEMU and for several RISC-5 dev boards as well. There's a fellow RISC-5 master named Wei Fu at Red Hat and he is like super excited to get RISC-5 run on any RISC-5 system or sorry to get Fedora to run on any RISC-5 software hardware that exists out there. So you can look at the Wiki page there on Fedora. They talk about all the different hardware they support. Debian also has support for RISC-5 and it has pretty good coverage. Sorry, 95% of packages are building now in Debian for RISC-5. So I think it's actually the top line there on the graph so RISC-5 actually has pretty good coverage in Debian. And Ubuntu is actually starting to officially support several different RISC-5 boards. So they have a team now. They've hired several developers from the Linux RISC-5 community in Uboot to work on RISC-5 so they're putting a lot of efforts into supporting RISC-5 now. One of the neat things too is they actually have a server-based install now. So normally we're used to having SD card-based images but for one of the dev boards called the Sci-Fi Von Match it has PCI Express so you can actually kind of do a normal server install of Ubuntu on that NVMe drive. The OpenSUSE is also working on support and they have tumbleweed images for some of the development boards. There's a community effort at Arch Linux to build packages and they're at 95% now. And Gen2 is also working on it. They have stages available for RISC-564. And if you don't need a full binary distro there's support in open embedded in Yachto through the meta RISC-5 layer. So that has support for both QAMU and several RISC-5 dev boards. In another way of making a more minimal system if you're not in the open embedded Yachto camp there's also BuildRoot. Yeah, yeah, BuildRoot, yeah, there we go. You can cheer for things if you want. So there's a really nice tutorial from Michael Oppenacker about how to build your own RISC-5 system from scratch that goes through using BuildRoot to build OpenSBI and Uboot and Linux and you'll have a little system you can boot up in QEMU. So there is one mass production SOC right now from all winter called the D1 and this has the Alibaba T-Head C906 core. It's a pretty simple system, just one core running at one gigahertz. One of the nice things about this is they reused a lot of the IP from their existing ARM SOCs. So most of the drivers are supported. However, there was one complication that the MMU on the T-Head core has this non-standard enhanced mode that they need to be able to support DMA with devices around non-coherent interconnects and most of the peripherals that you would care about on this SOC are on non-cash-coherent interconnects so we need that. So essentially Linux needs to be able to support this enhanced MMU mode to be able to boot and function on this SOC. So one of the things that was a bit complicated with this is that they decided to come up with their own page table entry format to be able to spencify memory type so they wanted to be able to save per page of memory like is this cacheable, non-cacheable? So if it's being used for DMA we want to say that it's non-cacheable. So we need the ability there to describe for a page what type of memory it is. Fortunately, they used bits that were marked as reserve in the RISC-5 privilege spec. Later on, back at the end of December, there was an official extension for this sort of purpose that was ratified called page-based memory type extension or SVPBMT. However, this format is slightly different. So this was a bit of a problem. And Linux developer named Heiko Stupner who's in the audience here. He did a really great job of figuring out a way to be able to support both the standard, the standard-based page table format and also the vendor variation from a T-head. And he did that through this very interesting mechanism called the alternatives framework in Linux. So this allows you at around boot time to be able to do instruction patching. So basically, there's no penalty if you're on a standards-based system or if you're on this T-head system. So it swaps out the different instructions so that there's no penalty. The original solution that was proposed was to use function pointers but that imposed a penalty on the systems that were complying with the standards. So this alternatives framework was a great solution for that and that worked out quite well and it's been merged, it was merged and it was released in Linux 5.19. Another similar thing that was needed to manage coherency was cache maintenance operations. So this has now been added as a extension to RISC-5 as a December. It's a bit of a mouthful but it's called the ZI-CBOM. They refer to what you might think of as a cache line as a cache block and it has several instructions there to clean and invalidate or flush which is both clean and invalidate. And Hyco as well implemented this extension in Linux. However, there was a bit of an issue that Alibaba T-head designed that core before this extension existed. It was only ratified in December and they designed this core several years ago. So they defined their own cache maintenance instructions. Thankfully they lined up pretty cleanly so they also have invalidate, clean and flush. The only difference was the instructions are different. So Hyco also used the alternatives framework to be able to do that instruction patching so we can support both the standard and also the T-head variant which has worked out quite well and that patch series has actually been accepted by Palmer who's the maintainer and that will be coming up in the Linux 6.0 release. And this will allow us to be able to boot the all-in or D1 with mainline. There's a little bit work that still needs to be done to get the device trees mainline as well but these were the two really difficult things. So that brings up another kind of like one of the final topics I wanted to bring up here which is a bit different with RISC-V because we don't have a company that's just saying like here are the new ISA instructions. So it's all done in the open so there's drafts that go on for many years of these new extensions which means some people are wanting to do proof of concepts and maybe even get those proof of concepts to support those extensions merged into Linux but then from the maintenance perspective, so from some that's developing support for a new extension you would like to get that merged as soon as you can because then you don't have to keep on rebasing on the latest version of Linux. From the maintenance perspective you don't really wanna merge in support for pre-draft specification or extension because it might change and then you have to have this old legacy support and try and support new things. So in general the rule for the RISC-V directory is that they only support frozen or ratified extensions. Frozen being that it's basically done and it's just going through this 45 day public review period before it finally gets ratified. Though this policy, if you look at the text, was not really verbose enough or specific enough so we talked about this at Linux Plumbers, which happened earlier this week and this links to a file in the documentation directory and I think that's gonna get updated to be a little bit more specific because this is a pretty important thing to have guidelines being very clear and the current ones don't quite cover all the different situations that might come up. And I mentioned Plumbers which happened earlier this week and there was a RISC-V microconference which was about four hours long. There was a bunch of different interesting presentation and even more interesting discussion. So right now you can just go watch the live stream where it says altogether, eventually they'll be broken up into individual talks. And finally I was mentioning different developer boards. You can go find them and buy them yourself but since most of you are probably open source developers, RISC-V International actually has a program to get dev boards out into developers' hands. So you get these slides, I'll show the link at the end. You can click on that link there and go fill out this form about what you wanna do. Maybe you wanna port a piece of software you work on to RISC-V and then you'll be able to get a dev board sent to you. If you don't have any hardware, in addition to QEMU there's another project called Renoad. The nice thing here is it has profiles for several RISC-V boards that exist. So you can basically have the exact same environment that you would have had on that physical board. And finally I have a Birds of a Feather which is like a discussion session coming up at 355 which is like after the break following my talk right now. So hopefully we can talk more about RISC-V there and also open hardware in general. So I will take any questions if you have any. Yeah? Res... Yeah. So I mentioned that all-winner D1 SoC, I mean it's a little underwhelming, it's just a single core. So that exists, there's a couple other vendors that have multi-core systems that are coming out. The problem right now is like none of those chips are in mass production so there's like some limited availability for some of those boards. But all-winners they only want to have like a chip in mass production. Also it's been a really terrible year with supply chain so I think you will see boards that are kind of more Raspberry Pi-like coming out towards like the beginning and next year hopefully. So there are, mmm, yeah. I think they'll probably be more expensive than that at least for now. But there are some all-winner D1 based boards that are under $50. I think there's even one that's like $30 or $25. But it's just single core. So it depends on what, if you're a kernel developer or build root developer or something like that and you want a board to play around with, the all-winner D1s are pretty good target for that. Yeah, I mean I think the all-winner D1s pretty good for that and there'll be more interesting SOCs coming out. There's a few different companies that have like done beta versions and limited runs but I think you'll see wider full production runs like probably at the beginning next year because it's so difficult to make dev boards right now. Well there was a, there's actually someone from Raspberry Pi here. I don't want to out him too much but I spoke to him earlier. So you can find that person and try and convince them maybe. Maybe you are in the better position. I did. No, before my talk I was like, I'm gonna talk about risk five next. And I was like, what do you think about risk five? And I don't know. He seemed maybe unconvinced, but yeah, go ahead. Actually there's one. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So you mentioned that there's a board called the Vision 5 and that's on Kickstarter right now that people could fund. And yeah, I think it's less than $100. So that's probably of interest. I think they target shipping like early next year I think. So, right. Yeah, when do I make my next appearance? Well, like in like half an hour. I don't actually know. I mean something next year, but I actually should have mentioned that there is the risk five summit coming up in December in San Jose in California. I did not actually make the cutoff for the CFP for that. So I won't be speaking there but that will be like the next risk five related event will be the risk five summit in December. Any other questions? Oh, mm-hmm. I'm not sure about that. I mean, I think they're really kind of for different sort of systems. So, I mean, I think for like single board computers and dev boards and stuff like that, that'll all use device tree. Yeah, well, I mean, there are still like, like the distros I mentioned, like they support like using UBOO with device tree, but then it uses UEFI to like for several of those distros they can use UEFI at risk five. So we're still using the UEFI implementation that's in UBOO to boot into Linux. So that makes it a little bit less specific. So ideally we could like, you know, have like a separate image for every single dev board. The ACPI stuff's being driven by the startups that are doing like data center type risk five systems. And for that, I think they are expecting that enterprise distros like Red Hat are gonna want ACPI. So I think that's why they're doing it for, but for embedded, I don't think that'll be too relevant. And in terms of converting between device tree and ACPI, I don't know, I'm not too familiar with ACPI tables, but I don't know, that might be an interesting thing to do. Yeah, okay, yeah, there was another comment that ACPI and device tree are not very equivalent. So yeah, maybe converting between the two is not possible. Well, hope to see you guys at the BOF if you're able to attend. All right, thank you.


It is now time for a Member's Statements. A Member for Kitchener Centre. Thank you Mr. Speaker. Dear Government, every year winter comes and this year is no exception. The official opposition is student at this house fighting for a real poverty reduction strategy, telling you stories of people living rough, needing homes, needing help, of being left in the cold, literally. Last week in Kitchener Centre, the Working Centre, the House of Friendship and St. Mary's Church came together to ensure that shelter was available for those who needed it when the cold snap hit. What were you doing? Where were you when the cold hit? My community ensured that 100 people had shelter from the cold every night last week because the region of Waterloo's overflow shelter spaces were not available until November 25th. And with this government's cuts to municipalities, my community is and will remain in crisis after that date. I love and appreciate the community members who came together to address this crisis, but relying on municipalities to fund overflow shelters is not a solution. The people of Kitchener Centre need an affordable and a supportive housing strategy. We need a poverty reduction strategy. We need a government that does more than make superficial announcements. Like your gas pump stickers, your Band-Aid solutions aren't sticking. Do better, Ontario's watching. Member Statements. A Member for Tobacco Lakeshore. Thank you Mr. Speaker. On November the 14th, I was pleased to be part of a special fundraising event in my riding put on by our local riding association. The women's habitat is a 25 bed shelter for women who are fleeing violence. It has been in operation since 1978, and they are leaders in making sure that women and children fleeing domestic violence or the fear of violence have a safe place to stay. The work they do in the community providing support, counseling and advocacy for women is second to none. They offer a wide variety of programming for both women and children including shelter services, outreach services and have many other resources. Collectively, shelter staff speak 18 different languages to ensure that the language is not a barrier for anyone receiving service. Over 50 people participated in this event where they were asked to bring bedding and other brand new linens to help decorate the bedrooms of our local shelter. The event was held at Kool Brewery and we want to have a special thank you to Bobby Cracocas from Kool Brewery and company and all those who worked hard and volunteered to make this event such a success. November is domestic violence prevention month and violence against women transcends class, culture, race and ethnicity. I would like to commend women's habitat for the work they do and encourage all members to reach out and offer to help shelters in their ridings. They do life-saving work and they all need our support. Thank you. Member Statements. The member for Niagara Center. Thank you, Speaker. This past summer the Labor Movement lost a dedicated teacher, mentor and advocate in Audrey Makai. A journalism graduate of Connoisseur College, Waterloo, Audrey began her professional life as an intern for the Creative Arts Festival in Hamilton where she developed her skills in organization, promotion and communication. In keeping with her labor sensibilities, Audrey moved on to a lifelong career in the labor movement. For many years she worked for the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union where she developed many bonds of friendship with colleagues and rooted her future path. Her subsequent years working for the Service Employees International Union, SEIU Healthcare, where I met her 20 years ago, allowed her to follow her calling to stand up for the rights and protection of people. Always the activist, Audrey's passion for education and women's rights drew the gratitude and admiration of many. A fearless fighter, Audrey was the best advocate to have by your side whether professionally or personally, to which many of those who grieve for passing can attest. Audrey taught leadership and steward training to healthcare workers and had a profound impact on the workers she came in contact with. She loved empowering young women. As a sister and aunt, sister-in-law, cousin, niece, colleague and as a friend, Audrey will be deeply missed. She had a distinctive style and intelligence and optimism and a raw sense of humor that always put things into perspective. Audrey was a colleague, a campaign manager and a friend of mine. Those who knew her will have the privilege of feeling her impact on their lives for years to come. May she rest in peace. Thank you. Member Statements, Member for Whitby. Thank you, Speaker. You'll know that many seniors face challenges accessing programs and services that support their safety, mental and physical health and well-being. That's why I'm pleased that the government is investing more than $77,000 to help seniors in Durham region stay active and socially connected. Of the total funding, Speaker, 25,000 is part of the seniors community grant program, which is providing $3 million to support more than 260 projects to benefit seniors in communities across the province. Now, Senior, more than $52,000 is being provided to the Whitby Seniors Activity Center as part of a $14.1 million investment to support more than 300 seniors active living center programs in Ontario. Speaker, these investments are great news for seniors and their families in Durham region. The support will go a long way in helping to keep seniors in Whitby active and socially connected, which has tremendous health benefits. Seniors will also have an opportunity, Speaker, to take part in activities and build social connections that they may not otherwise be able to do without this government support. Speaker, until remains committed, absolutely committed to protecting what matters most to seniors and their families. Thank you, Speaker. Member for Nickel Belt. Thank you, Speaker. Last week, I had the opportunity to meet with a group of Outfitters for my writings. Times are tough for these small businesses. Outfitters offer lodging, food, boats, and all the necessities for anglers and hunters. In my writing, many are water access only. They love what they do. They choose to live and do business in the bush with all the creatures that live out their way. But this government decision are putting this survival at risk. If you look at the Moose population, it seems that all that the government can do when the population decline is to cut the tag allocation. Everyone knows that the tag allocation is what makes or breaks an outfitter. There are other ways to protect these beautiful animals. For instance, last year, 14 Moose were killed on a stretch of a few kilometres of railroad track. Is the government doing anything to protect them? Nothing. We already have quite a bit of snow in my writing. How long before the carnage starts again this year? I can tell you that 14 Moose tags allocation would make a lot of Outfitters very happy. Why not look at the length of the season? Other provinces do it, not Ontario. Promote the Outfitters? Ontario government won't do that either. But what they do do is increase the price of a road sign from $153 to $480. This is a 300% increased speaker. When the government makes decisions that puts people out of business, they should take some responsibility and offer compensation. Or as one Outfitter said, who gives them the right to take our tags away and we should be compensated. I agree, Speaker. Thank you. Member Statements. Member for Scarborough, Guildwood. Thank you, Speaker. It's a privilege to rise in the House today and to recognise important work that YouthLink does to support at-risk youth in Scarborough. This past June, I had the honour of attending the grand opening of the new YouthLink shelter on Warden Avenue. It is the first and only youth shelter of its kind in Toronto, and I'm thrilled that it is accessible in Scarborough, providing both emergency beds and long-term beds for youth transitioning out of the foster care system. YouthLink is helping young adults prepare for the next phase of their lives by providing counselling, teaching, skills like cooking, baking and budgeting, and helping youth access education and training opportunities and providing assistance for finding permanent housing. These supports are unique to YouthLink's shelter and advance the long-term well-being of their clients so that they can get a good start in life. The City of Toronto has reported an average of 2.2 deaths per week of people experiencing homelessness in 2019. While the city is in the midst of a homelessness crisis, it is a real shame that under this government that we have stopped counting the number of homeless people on our streets in this province. This data is needed and required. YouthLink is providing 10 emergency beds and 41 transitional beds along with resources to help break the cycle of poverty and homelessness. As our temperatures drop, up to 51 young people will have a safe and healthy place to sleep this winter. Speaker, I want to thank Janice Hayes, Evan Back, the entire YouthLink team, the volunteers and donors who have made a real difference in the lives of so many young people who need it. Thank you. Member statements? Member for Thorne Hill. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. And I'm pleased to rise and make a statement about an inspiring journey to keep the thoughts and stories of our Canadian veterans alive. Karen Hunter from Guelph is here today, and she's the daughter of a Canadian World War II veteran who served in the Netherlands. Inspired by her father's warm memory that he gave her on his 80th birthday, Karen hopes to rally 200 descendants of these Dutch liberators like herself to walk in their father's footsteps in May 2020. The event will commemorate Canada's liberation of the Netherlands 75 years ago. The group will walk 60 kilometres of the research routes of the Canadian troops in what they're calling platoons with professional guides. They will hold candlelight vigils and flower ceremonies at Canadian War Cemetery and monuments. They will also celebrate the veteran's legacy of freedom and friendship with the Dutch at Liberation Festivals. They will eat from mesquits, plant maple seedlings and dedicate a memory box. The highlight will be their walk into Hethelieu Palace in Appeljourn, where they will be met by Princess Margaret of the Netherlands. Karen believes that it's now up to these veterans descendants the next generation to carry the torch of remembrance for them. Information about the event can be found on the website in our FathersFootsteps.com. They can also be found on Facebook in our Fathers Footsteps. Join the World War II Dutch pilgrimage and Twitter at www... Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. That's amazing. Member Statements, the Member for Parkdale High Park. Thank you, Speaker. I rise today as a mother of a newborn to discuss a topic that is all too often overlooked, maternal mental health. The physical recovery of childbirth is already difficult, but the process of postpartum mental health recovery is equally harrowing. Mothers must try to heal physically and mentally from their childbirth. While enduring sleepless nights and managing the exhausting day-to-day of newborn care. But there is so much more pressure than that.  What they don't know is that she already wept at the checkout line when she bought her formula for her hungry baby after struggling and failing to breastfeed.   Ensuring her safety and wellness for family, remembering birthdays, school events, dentist appointments, helping aging family members, maybe while working a full-time job. Those around her don't realize she's been ignoring her own health issues for months. Mothers often bear the judgment from others for every choice they make for their child. It takes a village to raise their child, and yet in today's world, we often find ourselves parenting in isolation. Community can be a luxury that many mothers don't have the time or resource to seek. What community we do find may be cruel and judgmental. Maternal mental health cannot be a luxury. To all mothers out there, I want to say, I know you're doing your best. Remind yourself what your child or children already know. You're the best mama in the whole world. Thank you very much. Member's statements. The member for Brampton West. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. November 14th each year is marked as World Diabetes Day, which is the primary global awareness campaign focusing on diabetes mellitus worldwide. Diabetes is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Over 425 million people are currently living with diabetes, and most of these cases are due to diabetes, which is largely preventable through regular physical activity, a healthy and balanced diet, and the promotion of healthy living environments. It is important to note that one in two people currently living with diabetes are undiagnosed, therefore early diagnosis through regular screening and treatment for complications are key to prevent the complications of diabetes and achieve healthy outcomes. All families are potentially affected by diabetes, and so awareness of the symptoms and risk factors for all types of diabetes are vital to help detected early. However, some statistics show that less than one in four family members have access to diabetes education programs. It is important that families must be provided with the education, resources, and environments to live a healthy lifestyle because family support in diabetes care has been shown to have a substantial effect in improving health outcomes for people with diabetes. And this could reduce the emotional impact of the disease that can result in a negative quality of life. Let's spread awareness for diabetes to combat this silent killer. Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Thank you. Member Statements, member for Burlington. Thank you so much, Speaker. November 11, 2019 marked the 100th anniversary of the first Remembrance Day across the Commonwealth. Today, Remembrance Day provides an opportunity to remember and remember veterans from the First and Second World Wars, the wars in the Persian Gulf, Somalia, Bosnia, and Kosovo, and more recent conflicts like the war in Afghanistan, Speaker. Operations enduring freedom, the Libyan Civil War and the ongoing battle against ISIS. In Burlington, the Royal Canadian Legion, Branch 60, led a unique project that honoured our local veterans by placing banners with the names and pictures of veterans on the light stands along Grant Street. These banners were held for veterans at Billings Court and Grant Long-Term Care Facility. This tradition began 25 years ago in partnership between the Burlington MPP Cam Jackson and Bill Reed, formerly known as the Singing Veteran. For the last 31 years, commuters from Applebee Go Station have heard Bill singing wartime songs while pinning on their poppy speaker. On Sunday, the Burlington Cadets began their overnight vigil at the Burlington Center Taft to remember the men and women who fought for the values and freedoms of the United States of America. This was followed by a touching ceremony led by our Branch 60 Legion at the Center Taft at Burlington City Hall. It was heartwarming to see so many people out to remember the sacrifices in Burlington and Burlington. It was an honor to be part of this ceremony. It was an honor to be part of this ceremony. It was an honor to be part of this ceremony. It was an honor to be part of this ceremony. It was a honor to be part of this ceremony. I had never heard of this ceremony. It was very exciting to see so many people out to remember the sacrifices and veterans made in service to our country. The Halton Navy Veterans Association held a lunch that was absolutely delicious as well. To me, veterans are our heroes. They were the ordinary people who do extraordinary things to veterans. Thank you, Speaker. Thank you very much. Reports by committees.


So, throughout his presidency, Donald Trump has continuously done things that are completely morally indefensible, and what I'm about to tell you about, something that he is possibly going to do, falls right in line with this trend of him doing things that are downright morally egregious.  So what is he going to do?  They went out of their way to kill civilians because they're psychopaths. So for more on this, we go to Jamil Buwi of the New York Times, who writes, Last year, a federal jury in Washington convicted Nicholas Slatin, a former security contractor, a first-degree murder for his role in killing one of 14 Iraqi civilians who died in 2007 in a mass shooting that also injured more than a dozen others. Matthew Goldstein, an army green beret, was charged late last year with the murder of an unarmed Afghan man during a 2010 deployment. Edward Gallagher, a Navy SEAL who served in Iraq, was reported to authorities by his own men who witnessed him stabbing a defenseless teenage captive to death, picking off a school aged girl and an old man from a sniper's roost, and indiscriminately spraying neighborhoods with rockets and machine gun fire. There are others, all accused of war crimes while fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. President Trump apparently wants to give them a presidential pardon timed for Memorial Day. Trump is not responding to a ground swole of public support for these men, nor are current and former military leaders calling for leniency, just the opposite. They have urged the White House to abandon this plan. Absent evidence of innocence or injustice, the wholesale pardon of U.S. service members accused of war crimes, signals our troops and allies that we don't take the law of armed conflict seriously. Martin Dempsey, a retired general and former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said on Twitter, So this isn't a case where the military generals are saying Trump, please pardon these war criminals. They're advising him to not do that because that makes the military look bad.  And we're talking about literal psychopaths. I'm going to link you in the description box to a video that Kyle did on this over at Secular Talk because he kind of goes into great detail here. And the details are grotesque. Like the people who he is considering pardoning just aim rocket launchers at civilian houses or encourage, you know, their fellow service members to do that.  So these are psychopaths. Like these people are not just accidentally killing civilians, which, you know, that would be a tragedy and devastating in and of itself.  And there was also kind of an attempt at a coverup because when people saw what was happening, they tried to report this and they were told basically to not tell anyone. So this is a disgusting story and the prospect of pardoning them. It's really flabbergasting. And again, military generals, Joint Chiefs of Staff, you know, they're saying, what are you doing? Why would you do this? But here's why Donald Trump is doing this. Take a look at this compilation by Media Matters. Fox News is telling him exactly what they think he should do and he's doing it. The president may be preparing pardons for servicemen accused of war crimes. Pete, this is something you've been on. Yeah. First of all, I can't stand that headline accused of war crimes. They're not war criminals. They're war-eers who have now been accused of certain things that are under review.  I don't want him to kill any more of my comrades. And now the Pentagon, because he admitted that in an interview with Brett Baer. The rules, the bureaucracy, the rules of war get twisted in certain ways where now war heroes are being prosecuted like criminals. He got into some trouble, got into some legal trouble. He ends up in jail in a maximum security prison. And if this crime was committed in Chicago, maybe he would be free and at home with his family. But we allow people to create and incite race riots, but they're found night guilty. Plus, it's the battlefield. Isn't the goal to kill ISIS? And he made a mistake what, you know, some of these ferroids. He killed a bad guy the wrong way. He killed a bad guy. Because of catch of release, because we're killing bad guys the right way, we're releasing these guys and then we're capturing them again, killing someone who we know killed Americans. Who was a terrorist? I just don't know of an American who's unhappy that there's one less Taliban bomb maker trying to kill our troops on the planet. So why wasn't that bomb maker on the kill list? Because they're not killing the enemy in the right way. They're killing compassionately. Like the pocket square. And okay, yeah. And when buildings start blowing up over here and they don't really have a compassionate way to take out skyscrapers. Academic rules of rules of engagement, which have been tied in the hands of our war fighters for too long. He's charged with, he was convicted of murder. And who he murdered were members of the enemy on a battlefield. He was sent to fight for this country. He killed the guy. He made a tough call. He kills the guy. This story percolates to the top because the Pentagon is deciding to prosecute this great. Which I think is a lot of us looking sideways at it saying if he did his job and killed a bad guy, how in the world are we now prosecuting him? So you have to look at this case as just an overzealous out of control prosecution that's trying to make a career out of taking down a Navy seal. Yeah, the army over prosecutes. I mean, look at Clint the Rents, the decision he made on the battlefield in Afghanistan.  I heard from a lot of members of our military on this issue who were completely outraged, who were saying, you know what, you have to be able to defend these people who stand up for us and their decisions that they make there in the line of fire every single day. We've been able to raise over $80,000 in the last two weeks for this defense through the sales of these shirts. And Andrea, to paint this picture, and I know the president's aware of this, he's evaluating this, he's got to take action. Sean, you keep fighting for Eddie and the president doesn't usually let these things go go by without commenting. So hopefully he weighs in and steps up and will do a lot of good for a lot of people. What you have endured is more than most men or women in this country will ever know. And so I want you to know we express that gratitude to you and to your husband. Sean and Andrea, thanks so much. We have your back, and I look forward to having Eddie on the show soon. They're going to love this. These are the good guys. These are the war fighters. And making a move like this by Memorial Day would be, I would be, wow.  You had one woman in the midst of that compilation say, oh, well, the people who reported this, they're lying. They're millennial. I forgot the word that she used, but they're millennials in the military who are lying.  What? We're not talking about them just being overly cruel to enemy combatants. That's not what we're talking about. We're talking about civilians that they murdered in cold blood. That's what we're talking about. But they're trying to say that these war criminals are heroes just simply because every single troop is an American hero, no matter what. There's no room for nuance, no room to actually look at their actions.  I don't think anyone in the military would even agree with that because that's such a broad generalization that it doesn't even make sense. But that's what they're saying. And everything they're urging Trump to do, they're doing it at the end there. He said, how wonderful would it be if Donald Trump pardon them on Memorial Day? That's what he's planning. So think about this. Fox News hosts are so powerful that all they have to do is float a particular policy that Donald Trump should carry out. And this will actually galvanize him to take action. Imagine that. Imagine the immense amount of power these pundits on TV have. You bloviate all day on Fox News, share your uninformed opinion, and you have enough power to get the president of the United States to take action. And they're trying to go Trump into doing this under false pretenses by literally lying about these war criminals here. Like they were bragging about the people they killed. Like they were exchanging photographs of the slain bodies. These are literal psychopaths. A normal person would not just willingly kill another human being.  We're talking about civilians. But Donald Trump may pardon them because Donald Trump doesn't have a moral core. Donald Trump just does what he thinks will please the people at Fox News. He's literally doing it because Fox News has some uninformed opinions about this. Sorry, but I don't think that these psychopaths should be roaming the streets. Because if they're willing to kill civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq in cold blood, what makes you think they wouldn't do that here? So this is a disturbing story. And the fact that Trump is even considering this, it goes to show you that he has no moral core. He just does what he thinks will appease Fox News. Disgusting.


Welcome to Car Side Reviews. I'm Adam Olinger. This is Jay, and that's Garrett. We just got done seeing X-Men Apocalypse the I don't know most disappointing movie I saw all year so far Let's let's approach this the way I approach my other my my flagship show movie feuds where we break it down by Different topics the first one would be cast. What did you guys think of the cast of this film? I thought it was hit-and-miss. You know, I thought that you know Cyclops. He was very well-cast. I like Ty Sheridan I didn't like him at all.  He has the Kirsten Stewart Yeah, it's a Kirsten. It's a Kirsten Stewart. It's Kirsten Stewart.   That's why I can't figure any of this out. He's supposed to be the leader of the X-Men.  I'm just I'm just getting old and bitter. I guess I don't go I don't go to these movies anymore and enjoy them when I sat X-2.   Good. Thank you. Well, you go from I'm sorry. We're already off track Let's let's just bring it. We're bringing up a good point You go from Daisy Future Past that movie, you know You could argue that first class saved the series But Daisy Future Past was X-Men 4 and it made up for all the continuity files of the previous movies this movie Created more and this is why X-Men just needs to go back with Marvel They do I you know for the longest time before new class came and I was like don't redo this series Hugh Jackman's Wolverine and now after all the mess and the convoluted storylines.  Yeah, but I will say this quick silver was great. Yeah, quick Professor X and Magneto always fantastic. Fastbender does what he does. Yeah, he's just he does this thing But Jennifer Lawrence, you know You can't stand her in these movies I cannot stand her you do not craft a character based around the actor or actress and that's what they've done here Rebecca Romaine was perfect and she was missy knew her role and she did it well And what was it that Garrett said before about the X-Men series? Oh, yeah Yeah, what was the line you you came into this car to say go ahead and say it for the only reason why he came About the X-Men timeline.  She never does it No, she's just she's in J. Law form the entire yeah, and it's so boring and the guys in the movie I think there's four different scenes.  There's no people in the city. Oh in this movie. It's the equivalent of people saying Why don't you look like your blue self?  They do that in the movie too that was like no people in the city. Oh, yeah, there's no there's no victims in this film Shit is blowing up everywhere and there's no humans. You have storm in this Underutilized I have nothing. I know nothing about her. She joins the cause for no reason whatsoever. She even points out for some reason. There's a Mystique poster in her like family room, but they keep going back to she's my hero. She's your hero. You're fighting her The only one that had any sort of character depth any good motivation, I know let's get to apocalypse He's terrible this was a very character-driven movie I know we don't even have to talk about the plot because there really wasn't much of a plot here Well, the first I'd say half of the movie is recruiting X men Yeah, and recruiting the horsemen to recruiting the X men that we've already seen and are familiar with in the other movies Why couldn't they just do a montage like in first class? They should have like a rocky montage just the plane going on a map like Indiana Jones and just picking up recruits That would have been better than what we have or like first like I said first-class, you know And I don't I don't like first-class either. I'm one of those guys. I didn't like first-class. I thought it was meh Meh That's what I'm saying as part of the being old thing is I'm attached to the original crew. I see a Femke as Jean Grey I do not see Sophie Turner as Jean Grey and most of the time she's trying to mask her accent. Yeah, Sansa It doesn't work. I stole still she saw it Yeah None of it works none of it works in this movie outside of fast bender and quick silver quick silver is 16 Spoiler tag in like two minutes. Yeah, quick silver was the best part of this movie fast bender McAvoy fantastic That was great. So what would you give it? Oh, we're jumping to it already? We've said everything we need to well before we go into spoilers the things that do work Are the intros really cool?  He's got middle fingers in the air He's down with his soda.  No, I'm actually not I've actually seen some better movies It's like a UFO Taking me up. I can't get in a good light spot. It's getting that age of Ultron feeling in that movie Yeah, when apocalypse is talking I was like oh Ultron but without the personality.   Oh, I'm sorry. Go ahead. What do you got? Reverse the spoiler What do you got? It's the flash now. We're just bringing in the stars. Oh, I'm sorry. Yeah, what is your rating? Oh, yeah, so can you come into like the goddamn yeah, we'll give it a 7 7 that's what I gave to Batman V Superman 7 without even seeing the first half hour of the film. That's really good It's okay. Maybe that's why that half of it was like really just set up It's okay. I figured out who who the people were.  I was that was an awesome intro for 20 minutes I think you're turning like this is this is really good. Look. Yeah, it's starting out nice Yeah, it was like, you know when it started the stuff you missed was really good. Yeah, I walked in and you're like Is that the movie to you know it took its time to set everything up and then started picking up and I was like Wow, it's getting really good It was at the point when the Wolverine cameo that whole sequence That's when it lost you or that's picked up for you. No, that's when it started to lose me I was lost way sooner than that. So after that whole it was because it was that was the Quicksilver scene before that And I love that scene and that's what got me really immersed into the story everything else. Hell, yeah This is gonna be great now. We got it. We got to see the chronologically speaking. We're in the pyramid We get some cool mutants doing fire stuff. My favorite is the mortal. Do you guys play Mortal Kombat? Yes Do you remember the fatality where the dude? I don't know his name But he uses his force abilities or crushes this guy's limbs Yeah, that's that happens in this No, it's not new but it's like her mac or something. I don't know. I don't know his name It's not him either, but So, yeah, there's some unique cool powers being used and then we flash forward to present Well, I'm not present. It's in the 80s. It's in the 80s.  It's road trip with J. La Somebody's calling me. What is this? Amateur hour really? We're in a car with a single camera interrompting. This is professional. It's this kid. No, nobody knows Nobody cares Okay, so yeah, so we get like a fight with Nate crawler who's much worse than Alan Cummings He's more comic relief than anything else.  It's much better than this one. He for some reason can't Like warp out of the cage Electricity around it. That's that's the thing now that that stops him from Apparating or whatever you want to call it. It's a Harry Potter term. Oh, yeah Yeah, it's just J. La kind of going around and this takes like half of the movie is I don't even know what she's doing. What is that? What was her purpose? And what was uh Rose Burns purpose? No, she's just in it. Don't worry about her Half the characters I don't what is she recruiting for I don't I couldn't tell you just walking around with like a cigarette Come on. Let's go. Come on. Come on with me. She's not an X-Men.  Why can't they just be X-Men now? Can they just be X-Men now? Sorry, Adam, they can't can they be X-Men now That's what I liked about the first X-Men movies that they were already a team Yeah, just Wolverine was our eyes and ears and he was you know getting us immersed into anything until their house gets blown up again It's it is like Harry Potter.  So let's keep doing that. Yeah first-class at least, you know, so you don't have to like the movie But they at least they they set it up in a way that was entertaining. Yeah, and it wasn't like it didn't feel so Tacky, yeah, that was the whole point of the movie. I don't hate First-class. I just thought I was eh. Okay, so you do have common sense. That's good Yeah, the characters aren't near as exciting for me and some borderline just retarded the Moth girl or whatever and oh That was the original angel. Yeah angels in this movie. I forgot angels in this movie He's he has as much screen time as he did in x3, which is to say I thought they were moving on from that You know, I thought that's the point of rebooting or is doing a soft reboot of the series is to get past those flies You know correct your mistakes and in this movie. Unfortunately, they just kind of did yeah, it's the same. This is x3 This is Brian singers x3 as far as I'm sad and they even have an insult in the film Making fun of the x3. Yeah, the third one and all I'm thinking is you're doing it right now Yeah, this is your just because you're self-aware doesn't make it any better. No The what are apocalypse's powers he controls sand?  He's like Elsa from frozen. He can just make clothes There's so much to do an edit where they replace apocalypse with Elsa. Yeah, let it go. He's putting clothes on people Give people more strength sure. Yeah. Yeah sure. I don't I don't know. He's like a force of nature I don't know why he's fine. He can do everything himself He was like a force of nature in the comics in the show and this one he just it was to protect him while he was getting He had to look good when he did it. I it's just it's so nonsensical For why four why not ten? You know why why any why any and He's like giving tattoos to an angel and he's giving them all he's cool and then I'll be a months there She's like, where's Aaron Rock? You're fine. You're fine. How you are was there? Imagine him putting her outfit on yeah, he's like storm. You got these cool like armor body armor Magneto you get a helmet and and you just give you like some really sexy slutty thing and that's perfect Speaking of which Olivia Munn who I thought was you know, she was fine And she's like she has maybe six lines of dialogue She did she I think she had less lines in Superman didn't Batman be super and storm has maybe 12 lines Yeah, I give Batman the Superman a five out of ten. I give this one a lower score Brutal because I think it's better in the sense that it's just so stupid and Dark and weird and different like X-Men I've seen this seven times I've seen the end of the world so many times in superhero movies too. It's nothing new You know how it's gonna turn out. I mean the only thing this had that was awesome Was that quick silver mansion scene and it was fantastic? Yeah, it was we did just see that in the previous films That's not anything new. They even had the music and everything. Yeah, the Wolverine thing that they ruined in the trailer I don't know if it would have helped anything it was a total fan service, but it was extremely forced and It had no impact. Yeah, there's no emotion to any of it. So he's just running around It's PG-13. So they're trying to be edgy by showing blood splatters on the wall I don't know. I didn't like this movie obviously and I got a lot of complaints There were some things I liked about it and I will admit that you know You know, I definitely liked it a bit more than you did but still I mean this just was not a good X-Men movie. It wasn't a good movie. It wasn't Yeah It's sad to say because I really wanted to like it I really wanted to enjoy it and there were parts where I was loving it But overall, you know, you just got to accept reality. I've never been in the comics. I don't read comics I I've read maybe a dozen in my life in this case. It didn't matter Well, what I'm getting at is X-Men was the only comic book series that I liked Oh, I even collected all the FLIR Ultra cards back in the day from like 1997 I have the entire set it made like a nine-part poster. That was awesome Yeah, I watched all the animated X-Men and so The fact that I have zero interest in these movies anymore I mean that speaks loudly to how how much they've lost to me as a audience member and and once more we end this film the same way that Marvel ends all their movies, which is Let's suit them up in new outfits and let's get ready to start another film. Yeah, again, like Age of Ultron Age of Ultron all over again. They come out in their dumb-ass new outfits. We have the music I love the outfits. They looked great, but I mean, it doesn't it doesn't make the movie good They won't wear them in the next movie. It's just like Age of Ultron I don't think anybody wore the outfit they had. Yeah, did they? No, hers is actually a little bit better giant push-up brought at the end of Age of Ultron I'm like, okay, so this is the new costume. I'm into it. I like what what they're doing here Oh, I just stole your line. It's an old line You know, it's funny people were comparing I never see the old Power Rangers movie from the 90s. I Maybe saw it on TV part of it. Okay. There was a villain named Ivan Ooze. Yeah, I've seen I've heard the complaints But here's the thing Apocalypse looked more like Mr. Freeze and Batman and Robin I thought he looked terrible and never looks better. I mean he looks like that the whole time.  I'm sorry. I just I'm gonna ever think of Oscar as a guy. I can't believe that's him I know he was so he's they shouldn't have got a phenomenal actor. Yeah, what a waste inside the world and David Do you ever see that? No, I did not see that. That was a great movie. What a waste of an actor It's kind of like when they had an agent Smith in Transformers as the voice. Oh, yeah, it's Megatron. Yeah Why you could add anybody the whole thing was auto-tuned and yeah, it was just ridiculous You could have taken Pee Wee Herman. Yeah, you wouldn't even know No, you couldn't even do the same thing with Apocalypse to think about because he just dubbed over as always like They built you know, is there any is there anything else we need to touch upon in the spoiler section? Is there anything else that I didn't like the Phoenix thing either? So that was no point I think the point was Brian Singer didn't get to do the Phoenix because he didn't do so here This is like apology.  I don't care. Yeah, I don't care if you know I built it up so nicely in the first two movies And you know it actually organically made sense. I don't care I'm doing it my way now and she's just gonna have this ability. Maybe you liked it I don't know if it's here in the comments or not. You can just I'm looking forward to the feud now the feud of all the expert Oh, yeah, that'll that's gonna be interesting. Now you've seen this That's gonna go under the superhero bracket on movie feuds that I'm doing right now in tandem Jay's helping me write them which has been a huge relief Because I do have other stuff that I have to do. This isn't my job. It's just one of the many He's not a subscriber by the way subscribe because you're in this now. So you want three subscribers?  Bring your whole entourage. Yeah, tell your friends, too I mean, no, he's not that one. It's probably just like three Google account.   Oh, yeah, right into this sexy cry. Yeah, you got rose burn Teardrops you got mystique teardrop Michael fast faster head teardrops Let's say goodbye now. Thank you for joining us on this extended car side review. What a treat This has been for everybody except for you because you have to edit it.  I don't know what that is But I'm actually very interested Okay, you can find it on the internet on the internet. Oh, yeah, you can find a lot of things on the internet And instead of an eye for China, make sure you spell Thanks for watching. We'll see you next time in the car