Live from Barcelona, Spain. It's theCUBE, covering Cisco Live Europe. Brought to you by Cisco and its ecosystem partners. Welcome back to theCUBE's live coverage of Cisco Live 2019 here in Barcelona, Spain. I'm Stu Miniman, my co-host Dave Vellante and John Furrier is here with us, wall-to-wall coverage going through all the areas of what Cisco is covering. Their transformation become more of a software company. Help us dig into a very exciting area. We have Nikola Rorsitz, who's the lead strategic AI program at Cisco. Nikola, thanks so much for joining us. Nice to meet you. All right, so AI is something that, you know, pervading everything that we talk about. We definitely have the buzz and the hype in the industry. You sit at the nexus of all the different areas inside of Cisco.  You've been there about two years and kind of the scope of what you do there. AIML has a long history inside of Cisco. We have not been very vocal about it, but it's been used throughout the company. And we once put together a map of all these things. This was one of my first activities and I was, wow, it's amazing. In all of these products, we have some element of AIML. And this showed also that we have a very pragmatic approach to AIML. It's not this killer robots or you name it. It's more like, okay, how do we use this to solve specific problems?  When I talk to most people in the industry though, there definitely is something new and different, you know. You know, AI is not new. We've been talking about artificial intelligence for about 150 years, you know, machine learning, there's been movements on there. So, maybe you can give us, you know, what's the same as what we've had before and what's new and different about, you know, the error that we're in today and the products that just goes bringing to market. It's a spectrum. On one side you have analytics, on the other side you have AI. And basically the fundamental difference is that in analytics, usually it's accepted that it's a person that creates the rules, that draws the rules. On your hand, in AI, it's a computer that draws the rules. So, in between those, there is a gray zone in which you evolve and there's more and more done by the machine. But it really depends from the specific area in which you want to apply it. And it is true, we are moving more and more towards artificial intelligence, more done by the machine. And the reason is clear, we have more and more data and up to a point in which AI will be the only option to do business because everything needs to be automated. I want to ask you, as an AI expert, when I talk to security experts, I always ask them who was your favorite superhero because when they were little kids, they dreamt about saving the world. So, as an AI expert, did you think about artificial intelligence or whatever you called it back then as a child? How did you get into and interested in artificial intelligence? I've been always fascinated by how the brain works. I did my PhD in neuroscience and physics because of that, because when I was a kid, suddenly I thought, well, how do we think? How is this possible that we create stories in our mind and that we dream at night and wake up? And then slowly, little by little, I kept on asking a question, how do you make this into a technical solution? How do you engineer something like this? And then started looking into computers, well, it's not like our brain works, so there's a difference. And now we're sort of like coming slowly together, despite having started from very different paths from the new phone-knowing machine and so on, now we're moving more and more to our brain-inspired technologies. And so you're seeing those two worlds come together. I mean, I was under the impression that, despite that vision, that today's AI anyway is really a lot about maybe automating processes, robotic process automation as an example, but you're talking about a world that much more mimics the human brain as we understand how the human brain works. Is that correct? It is correct in the sense that, you want to mimic certain fundamental capabilities. So intelligence is about perceiving information, storing knowledge, thinking, and adapting. And you need all these four components to create a truly intelligent system. And you don't need to replicate individual neurons to make this happen, but at least understand the fundamental principle behind it, what's the computation like? And as you go along, because we're in a business, we need to find concrete solutions to business challenges, and therefore we apply whatever we need from these principles to make something out of it. What are the things that humans can do today that computers have trouble doing, and how is that changing? One of the clearest things is that computers are not able to think. They are still executing machines, they don't have a representation of what it means to do whatever they're doing, to solve their problems. And one of the next steps, which the researchers are very interested in now, is trying to understand the context in which a machine operates. Now, if you ask a machine to do a certain task, and it can fail miserably, because it's not able to connect the dots between different elements of the context. And part of the reason is that context, context on information is so broad and large, you have so much data, so which one do you pick? And this is still an unsolved problem. Yeah, Nikola, help us understand how we should think about Cisco when it comes to AI. People hear about Facebook and Google and IBM with their Watson pieces there. Obviously, things like scale of networks and managing infrastructure and moving to some of these multi-cloud environment theme. A natural fit for Cisco, but how should I, as a user, be thinking of when do I come to Cisco? How does AI and ML fit into what Cisco does compared to some of those other software and enterprise IT providers? So doing AI at Cisco is super exciting, because it's still an open field. AI ML for networking is something that has not been solved yet, and there are other areas where other companies operate in, they're much more advanced. Well, for us, there's lots of room still to innovate. And for us, it's a business opportunity, it's a tremendous business opportunity. Some market research talks about $1.2 trillion that's got to be captured by companies that adopt AI compared to those who don't. But for Cisco is really a necessity, because data is going to flow more and more through our networks. How do we handle that? And what people don't realize, in general, compared to what's out there, that ML for networking is a different beast. For one, the data is different, and often it's encrypted. So how do you do AI on encrypted data? And every network is unique. And these are two fundamental differences that force us to be creative and to pioneer new ways of doing AI. And this is super exciting. Does open source play into the activities that your different product groups are working on? So in general, AI has been driven by a very lively AI community in the open source world. And then the question comes, when we talk to our partner and customers, how do you bring these solutions to production? Because certain packages of open source cannot be applied directly. And this is one of the main pain points of the IT teams and data scientists and data engineers. I want to ask you about the black box phenomenon. As a human, I can look at a dog and I can see it's a dog immediately, but I can't really explain how I know it's a dog. I can, but I could be describing another animal. Computers can figure out, but we don't really know exactly is there sort of a black box inside. Is that a problem? Do we need to make AI more transparent, or is it increasingly going to be a black box that we just trust? What are your thoughts on that? It depends on the situation. You came here by plane. Do you know exactly how the plane works? I don't. I sort of know the principles, but I trust the industry, the regulations, everything that they have checked everything. And to me, it's a sort of a black box. However, if there are certain things that I have to go under like surgery, so I want to know exactly what's going on. And the same thing here in AI. So there's the black box phenomenon. You don't know exactly how does this work? And on one side, I understand it and it makes sense. You want to be sure that you know what's going on. On the other hand, sometimes you want a result and you don't really care about exactly how it works because ultimately the risk is not that high. And so you have to really think about what kind of risk management, how deep you want to look into it. And the problem of transparency has been researched a lot because of course there are certain phenomena that touch the social sphere. And there we have to be careful. When it touches private data, how are its private data hand lands on? That is very important, of course. Yeah, Stu and I often, when we do these conversations, John as well, we often ask ourselves, okay, how far can we take AI and how far should we take AI? So maybe a couple of examples, if I may. Do you expect that within, let's say the next 10, 15 years, that machines will make better diagnoses than doctors? Oh, they already do. They already do. The research has been shown that in certain cases, specific cases, they have better accuracy. However, to bring that again into production at the level that we go to the hospital and there's a machine that helps us diagnose, well, we're still at least some years away because there's all the process of certification. And it must be added that on one side it's really about augmented intelligence rather than artificial intelligence. The machines will help us diagnose, but then the responsibility should stay with the human. Another question we'd like to ask is around automobiles. Do you think it will become the exception rather than the rule that individuals will own and drive their own automobiles? It's going to be the exception in the future that there's going to be a ownership and a driving, active driving. It's interesting because it's going to become like when it started, like a pleasure to drive. You drive because you want to drive. You're going to drive those hills up and down and really enjoy it. Otherwise, if you go on your commute, you have work to do. Yeah, I still have a stick shift. You're going to enjoy it. Now, I got to ask you, so the likes of Elon Musk and Hawking's have said, you know, projected that AI is a bad thing. It's going to, machines will take over the world. I don't sense that you're of that mindset, but what are your thoughts on that, those dire predictions? Are they ultimately going to come true or do you feel like they're overblown? Who knows, but it's hard to forecast, but what are your thoughts on that? It's important to acknowledge these forecasts of a dire future because AI is capable of lots of things at scale and this is the key differentiator. So whatever you can do, you can do it at scale automatically, things on their own. So it's more than predicting a dire future. It's like I'm wanting to say developers, managers, be careful of your choices because they're going to have an effect at scale and this is not just an AI-rated effect. It's really like a technology-rated effect because also if you look at the AI today, there are lots of pieces that come together. Lots of pieces that come also from the big data era and now they're being transformed and you add a little bit of AI in the mix but to make it work, there's a lot around it. So AI is the culprit because of the science fiction history and everything but ultimately the ability to do things at scale automatically, that is really where we have to be careful. So Nicola, what should we be looking for when we watch Cisco going forward for the next couple of years in this space? What are some key milestones that you think will come to reality? Well, we're going to release products that have more and more AI into it and the whole industry will evolve and have a better understanding of what's possible and whatnot and AI and Cisco revolves around three axes. One, infrastructure, tools that fit and unique data. Infrastructure is how do we deal with increase of data? Create these future-proof networks. This is like our core business. The tools that fit is that we provide end-to-end solutions to our customers and partners so that they can implement their AI ML strategies and this is a really interesting topic because AI ML is moving into the enterprise and other organizations but it's still in the early stages because of all these operational challenges which we at Cisco are very good at solving. And the third point is unique data, unique in terms of volume, breadth and type of data. This is where on one side we have systems that work at scale but also we have kind of data that can be used by our customers to better understand their own business. All right, well, Nikola, I really appreciate you giving us a nice overview of all the areas for AI. Dave Vellante and I are still humans here doing the interviews here until the robot take over all of our jobs. Until then, thanks as always for watching theCUBE.


Hey, what's going on in yesterday's video? We talked about promoting your camps If you haven't seen that video yet, make sure and go watch that because this video will not make sense Unless you completely understand Promoting and how to do it and when to do it. Okay? Right now we want to talk about this is the number two problem that I see That coaches struggle with when they try to put together their camps and this is something I ran into probably 15 times before I figured this out, but what I used to do is I would promote my camps I get a lot of parents to tell me that they were coming and I get really excited about putting on this camp and The only way I allowed people to pay back then was they would Bring me cash or bring me checks and they would physically bring that to me at the session So I would get there early. I'd set up all the cones. I'm ready to go and Maybe 20% of the parents who said they were gonna come would actually show up and some of those parents who actually showed up Didn't even pay So if we think about that, let's say let's say I have a camp and there's 10 parents who tell me they're gonna be there and Let's say it's a hundred dollars for the camp. So in my head. I'm thinking I'm making a thousand dollars and I'm really excited about that. I can't wait to go do this camp. There's only 10 kids a hundred dollars a kid and Because I allow people to pay in cash or checks at the field There's nothing that is guaranteeing that they're gonna be there because Johnny could wake up sick that morning and he can't come or the parents have an obligation They can't come to the session anymore and it's easy for them because they didn't have to commit up front They can just pay me when they get there and I will tell you 99.9% of coaches run their camps that way and they lose a lot of money and That happened to me over and over again and if I had 10 parents that said they wanted to come maybe two or three would show up and Those parents would pay so I'm losing hundreds of dollars every time I do camps because I Used to do it the way I thought was the right way, which is collect money at the fields have people casually pay me After the camp or before the camp and I became this guy that was just trying to collect money And that took my my mind away from the actual session that I wanted to deliver And it's really frustrating going out to the field expecting 10 kids to be there and then two were there and it just takes away from the whole camp because Now you have to rethink your whole strategy of what your session should look like And instead of doing things old school the way that 99.9% of coaches do it You have to do it different and this is what I'm known for if you follow what I do on instagram or Read my newsletter or even watch these videos I do things the opposite of how other coaches do it because I know if I follow the pack Um and a lot of coaches out there are not successful. They they do things the wrong way. They're unorganized They're just not running their business efficiently And I knew if I wanted to have a successful business, especially with camps I had to do this in a different way For me personally, I started doing everything online this way when I promote My camp like I talked about in yesterday's video After I promote it I'm sending parents to an online registration form that's going to collect their name phone number email and payment information This way. I'm not allowing any kids to just show up Unless their parents have registered online And then once they register online I can send them through a series of upsells where I can sell them additional things That could be t-shirts. That could be extra training That could be I mean that could be anything anything that's relevant to the customer But having it set up online protects me as the coach Because now I know if my goal is to have 10 kids there once 10 sign up online I'm going to shut down the the registration and I don't have to worry about getting money at the fields I don't have to worry about people saying that they're going to be there and then not show up I don't have to worry about anything other than delivering the session Which should be the number one focus for you when you run any camp It shouldn't be Being the bookkeeper and trying to figure out who's coming who's not coming at the last second That's so stressful and ultimately lose a lot of money doing that like I said If this is something that you know, you want help with as far as creating a registration page or what that should look like Hit me up here on youtube. Let me know drop a comment below. I want to help you out This is something like I said in yesterday's video I help coaches out with this every day and if you want to have successful camps You have to start thinking differently about your business You have to run it like a real business the way I'm talking about and when you have that set up You'll be able to scale your camps and because you'll have so much Better structure with how everything is set up And when you have that set up you're going to want to do camps every week Camp shouldn't just be this thing that you do in the summer or over winter break This is something you can do all of the time if you have the pieces in place And a few of my clients that I'm working with right now. That's what they do. They have a camp every single week And it runs on autopilot because all the marketing is set up the promotion is set up the payment pages are set up The registration is on point and I want to help you with that So if you need my help reach out to me comment below. I want to help you out


Case dismissed!  To see this poor guy lying there cold and the officer saying he's dead, and then to hear them pinning it on me and know that nobody, absolutely nobody, will stand up and say I had nothing to do with it. To be innocent, but without a witness, with no one to support your story. Today, a young man learns an important lesson but almost too late to have his. Case dismissed! WNAQ, in cooperation with the Chicago Bar Association, presents case dismissed. This is the story of your legal rights, how vital to preserve and protect them, how easily they may be lost. Our story begins as lawyer Robert Cason talks before his community civic club. Friends, I'm very happy your committee invited me to represent the legal profession in your series on morals in our modern society. It's a real privilege. But, believe me, it's quite an assignment. I've decided to narrow our sights tonight to the subject of our responsibility to our fellow man, as jurors and witnesses. Which brings me to mind the prospective juror who confided to the judge, your honor, I couldn't possibly serve as a juror. One look at that fellow convinces me he's guilty. Here, here, says the judge! That's the district attorney! I'd like to talk first about your duty to serve as a witness. I'll tell you a real life story. Only the name of my client has been changed to protect him from further embarrassment. It's just about this time a year ago. You're a young fellow named Larry Dexter. You're on your way up with the first class accounting firm. You've spent several days at home nursing a bad spring cold. Then you're back in good shape and all set to return to work. Unfortunately, that date has a big circle around it on your calendar. Yes, you're an avid sports fan. And this is the opening day of the baseball season. So where are you on this balmy April afternoon? At the office? Oh, no. Yes, you were yielded temptation. You go to the ball game. It's a good day for the home team. And finally, you leave the ballpark, mighty happy about the 1954 prospects.  It's away from the crush of fans and fenders. Just before you get there, you pause for a light to change. Finally, it tells you to walk. Out of the corner of your eye, you see some daredevil pedestrian start out across the other intersection, against the light.  You see him make a dash for it and... You lend a hand, of course, as much as you can. In a matter of moments, a crowd that didn't exist before has collected from everywhere. A doctor takes over with the injured man. A badly frightened young driver is trying to be helpful. About this time, somebody shows up with a camera and starts taking pictures he thinks may sell to an insurance company. That starts you thinking. Let's stay out of any photos. Aren't you supposed to be at home recuperating from that cold? What would the boss say? What are you doing near the ballpark, Larry? You better go along home now before you get involved. You've done all you can. You've done your duty. You tell your wife Kay about the foolish pedestrian crossing against the traffic light. Then you read about the accident in the next morning's newspaper. After that, it leaves your mind for several weeks until your wife reads you a notice from the Sunday personal column. At North Deacon Street in Elderberry Boulevard on Tuesday, April 20th at 5 p.m. please contact Attorney Charles Sabian immediately. Well, you'd better offer yourself as a witness, dear. Are you kidding? Why, no, why would I be kidding about that? Well, I guess you've forgotten I was supposed to be home in bed nursing a cold that day. The fine thing, if I show up as a witness and the boss finds out I was at the ballgame. Oh, but, darling, that's not the point. Look, here's a young man probably facing a trial and being falsely accused of running down another man. You can help him prove it's unjust that it wasn't his fault. Oh, so can a dozen others, Kay. Well, there weren't a lot of people around that corner, but there must have been plenty to prove his case. See, he doesn't need me. You're not going to be a witness? Of course not. Well, you're not really as unfeeling as you make out, of course. You do think about the possibilities. The driver does have a few psychological strikes against him, especially his youth. Were there really enough other witnesses around to prove his case? It startled you when the headlines leaped at you from your neighborhood paper. Sues for $25,000 damages. Wow, how about that, Kay? That car accident?  And he brought it all on himself. But didn't I tell you, dear, they need you as a witness? Well, I've been thinking about it, Kay. Maybe I was wrong about that traffic light. Now, Larry, you know very well that you came home and told me that it was red against the pedestrian before you even started running across the street. Sure, sure, sure, but what happens if one of those smart lawyers gets me all confused? You know how it goes? No, I don't, Larry. Look, if you tell the truth and nothing else but and just keep a cool head, how can they hurt your testimony? Well, look at it this way, honey. Say I could have been wrong. Wouldn't that be just as rough on the victim? And besides, he's the injured party here and he needs the money. Kid's probably got insurance, so it won't hurt him personally, even if he loses the case.  You can't really believe what you're saying. Maybe not, but I can't see myself getting involved either. You'll win that case without me, don't worry. Larry, that accident case is coming up in court next Monday. Aren't you going to reconsider? Look, if it's Monday, it's absolutely out of the question. Even if I wanted to be a witness, the company is sending me to Omaha on Monday. The whole week you're in Omaha, you keep wondering how the case turned out. Let's face it, you have a guilty feeling in the fit of your stomach. You try to find some details in the local newspapers, but there's nothing. Then you're back home again and when you inquire, you try to sound casual. Oh, by the way, honey, did you happen to hear how that accident case came out? Yes. Well, what happened? The boy driver won his case. The other man didn't collect a cent. You see what I mean? See what? What I told you all along. Okay, I don't want to be an I told you so, but didn't I say he'd get off the hook without any help from me? He didn't need me as a witness, doesn't that prove it? Larry, I don't want to argue with you, but honestly, I don't think it proves the same. Well, friends, Larry Dexter's losing bout with his conscience doesn't point much of a morph. Yet. But there's a second chapter to the story. We've learned one thing, though. Larry may be a great sport when it comes to baseball, but he's a poor one in the game of life. A couple of months later, we pick him up as he leaves Wrigley Field after a bitter battle between the Cubs and the Milwaukee Cousins of Braves. This time, you make your way to your favorite parking spot without event. You drive a short distance, and then because it was a long double header, the pains of hunger strike you in a rather large way.  The place is practically deserted. Two customers are sitting at the bar. The bartender is doing verbal battle with one of them. Just the same, mister. The less I see you around here, the better it's going to be. Look, it'll be a cold day when I take orders from an ordinary bartender. I happen to own this place, charm. I can keep you out of here. Yeah, maybe you'd like to try putting me out right now. Forget it, Frank.  It depends.   Step outside and let's settle this muscle. Oh, be quiet. Now, be quiet. Finally, you catch the bartender's eye, and he leaves his private scrap and comes over to your table to take your order. What seems to be the matter over there? Oh, just some smart character looking for trouble. What can I get you? A couple of hamburgers and coffee. Cream? Yeah. Okay, coming right up. The bartender owner turns out to be the chief cook, too. He disappears into the kitchen and you idly eavesdrop on the pair at the bar. Two very different types. I wish you'd have a drink, Harris. No, thanks. I've got to get back to Milwaukee. Anything wrong with my company? Well, I know. Not at all, only. Well, I just don't drink. Well, why the grand rush back to Milwaukee? Well, my wife and I, we've got a date with some friends. I should be back there by eight, at least. I sure wish you could give me some idea about that artwork before I leave, though. No, sure, Harris. I'm sorry, but you're out of luck on this contract. You're giving it to somebody else? We already gave it, my friend. Oh, but you gave me the impression...  The deal's set. Now, we'll be glad to see your stuff for the next campaign, but that won't be till August. Next August. Thanks a lot. Well... I have to leave so soon, pal. Be glad to buy you a drink. No, thanks. See you again one of these days. Yeah, fine, fine. Oh, and thanks for treating me to the ball game, Harris. Forget it. Well, goodbye. So long. So long, sucker. You can't help but get a few private notions about this lone character at the bar. Let you forget them as the combination bartender's chef brings your hamburgers and coffee. He goes back behind the bar and starts washing dishes. The customer has other ideas. So you're the guy who thinks you can put me out of here, huh? Oh, why don't you be nice and quiet, miss? Sir, I'm not looking for any trouble. What's the matter? Any yellow? Backing down, big stoop? Look, John the cop comes by almost any time now.  I thought you were the guy who could bounce me. What's the matter? Lose your nerve?  You don't like it here, anyway.  I'm getting another drink. No more. What? I said no more. Get your hands out of that dishwater and get me a drink right now. Now look, mister. Yeah, take my glass. Hey!  I'm coming around here. What? What all that dish should mean?   Yeah, well, now I'm going to smash you.  I warned you.  Stay away from here. Get him out of here.    Wake this up.  No, you don't. Put that egg straight out. Let me have that. Break it up. No, stop it. Well, hope you're satisfied. Bartender's out cold. Yeah. It really must have broke him. You mean you're really quite a troublemaker. What's the big idea of trying to crowd him with this big egg tray? Lucky I grabbed it, you'd have split his skull. He's kind of quiet, isn't he? Yeah, let's see. Yeah, awful quiet. I don't like this. I think his head struck the metal table leg when he went down. What? What do you think we'd better do? Get some water.  Yeah, OK. Hey, not out in the kitchen. What's the matter with that guy? You get that water behind the bar? Holy smoke. This fella is really out like a light. What's going on in here? Who broke that front window? Oh, officer, forget the window. There's a man pretty seriously hurt here, I think. Some character hit him. The guy's out in the kitchen getting some water. I see. There's nobody out here. Oh, you're kidding, officer. No, but somebody is. Let's have a look at Barney. He sure isn't coming out of this very fast. No. Hmm. Well, mister, Barney's not going to come out of this one at all. What do you mean? Barney's dead. No. What were you doing with that ice tray? Me? What? Well, I took it away from this other guy. He was going to cross the bartender with it. So it's off your table, wasn't it? Sure. What were they doing fighting over near your table? It just happened. Where was this other man sitting? Right up there at the bar. He's been wrangling with a bartender for nearly half an hour. Where's his glass on the bar? I don't know. Oh, sure, sure. He threw it into the dish water. That's what made the bartender blow his top. Uh-huh. Well, where's this man now? I told you, officer. He went out to the kitchen. He must have run right out the back door. I don't know. Why'd you do it, mister? What? I? Officer, you're making a mistake.  All I know is I walk in, I see a man holding a big ice tray, bending over a dead man with a well on his head. There's nobody else in the place. But there was. I don't know where you're going to get him, mister. But if I were you, I'd start collecting my witnesses. How that word would haunt you for the coming days. The next 24 hours are a nightmare enough. You're taken to the police station and booked for a manslaughter.  You appear in municipal court where bail is set at $20,000. This, your company raises for you. Your case is presented to the grand jury.  The grand jury brings in an indictment for manslaughter. Next, you are arraigned before the chief justice of criminal court. The people of the state of Illinois versus Lawrence Dexter. Lawrence Dexter? Yes, sir. An indictment, 541297, your charge with a crime of manslaughter. Your honor, on behalf of Lawrence Dexter, we will waive the reading of the indictment and enter a plea of not guilty to the charge. Court sets the date of the trial of the defendant, Lawrence Dexter, for Thursday, June 18, 7 o'clock. What a mess.  Oh, don't torture yourself, darling. Oh, I know how terrible you must feel, but things have happened so fast. Oh, they can't do anything to an innocent man, dear. You'll just have to wait till the truth comes out. But will it? Right now, I couldn't look more guilty if I'd been framed. Unless that man who struck the bartender gives himself up, I think I'm a gone goose. And you know what manslaughter means? Up to 14 years, Kay. Oh, darling, stop it. Stop thinking that. You go home now and get some sleep. Tomorrow morning, you have an appointment with our lawyer. I know Mr. Jason can clear you. Larry Dexter's wife, Kay, had more faith in my legal talents than I did right at that moment, I'm afraid. And even after her husband and I went over the whole story that following morning. And that brings us up to right now, Mr. Jason. Well, I won't mislead you, Larry. We face grave difficulties with either one of our possible courses of action. Clearing you or bringing in the guilty man. Well, that last possibility seems pretty remote, considering I never saw the man before yesterday. I don't know his name, and I have no idea where he lives. You're sure the name didn't slip out in the argument? No, sir. Wait a minute, not in the argument, but when he was talking with this fellow who had taken him to the ball game, I think I heard the other fellow call him Frank, just once. Frank? Yes. And I kind of gathered he was in advertising, the way they talked about buying artwork and campaigns and so forth. An advertising man named Frank. Not very helpful when you stop to figure how many advertising Franks there probably are among Chicago's three and a half million. No, that's true. Perhaps we're out of luck there. I am impressed by the possibility of finding an artist named Harris among Milwaukee's 600,000. Sure enough, the witness. He left before the fight, but at least he could vouch for the fact that this other man was present. Yes, and even more important. He could identify this man and establish that he'd been calling with the bartender, thereby setting up a background for Mansler. Well, I'm sure he called this Milwaukee man Harris several times, and I gathered this Harris either was an artist or represented an art production studio, some sort. The chances are strong that our unknown Milwaukee man won't realize he's a witness in this criminal case, since he had no knowledge of the fight and he wouldn't be likely to read about it in his newspaper. Knowing the man who fled as a business contact, he may not wish to testify and be responsible for putting the man in hot water. We could subpoena him, of course, if we find him. But lawyer subpoena reluctant witnesses only as a last resort. Out of anger, they may prove to be antagonistic and do the case more harm than good. But in this case, he's the only witness I've got. So we must find him. And, if necessary, take the chance of legally forcing to testify. Of course, the fact that he lives in another state is one more problem. Getting him to testify here in Illinois can be mighty difficult. It sounds as if we have our trouble cut out for us even if we find him. And that's headache enough in itself, I fear, Larry. It may not be too easy tracking down this artistic Mr. Harris within the confines of our large Wisconsin neighbor. It isn't easy. I go to Milwaukee the following day. I check the classified phone book and telephone all the commercial art studios. I even find three or four Harris's. I go and talk with each of them, but none qualifies as our missing witness. I return to my telephone and start all over again. The Milwaukee Advertising Club. Any members named Harris, artist? Oh, yes, I've already talked to him. Any others? I see. Well, thank you very much. Calls to the advertising agencies. The newspaper art departments. The artist clubs and organizations. The art schools and departments. Finally, I run out of ideas. Except the big idea. The real telephone marathon. Calling all the Harris's in the Milwaukee telephone book. All the names from A to Z. Then finally it's all over. And our witness is still missing. Meanwhile, you and your wife are badly frightened of the date for your trial looms closer. I just phoned the police again, honey. Nothing new? Nothing. They sound like I'm kidding when I ask if the man's turned himself in. Oh, maybe you're just imagining that, dear. I'm not imagining the day of my trial. You know, I'm beginning to believe in retribution, all right. Retribution? Well, somebody else could have used an extra witness not so long ago, and I let him down. Now I need just one. Oh, don't think of it that way, darling. You didn't mean any harm. What's that about pay him in his own coin? My coins are sure coming back to me. If I ever get another chance, I'll get it. Larry Dexter. This is Robert Jason, Larry. Oh, have you found him? No, I'm sorry to say I haven't. Oh, the way things are going up in Milwaukee, I may have to ask for a continuance on the trial date. Can you do that? Oh, yes, but we can't delay forever. I received no response from either newspaper advertisement so far. But I've gotten excellent help from both newspapers. In fact, they're going to run human interest news stories telling the background of your case and the urgent need for the witness. Say, that's terrific cooperation. It could be the answer to our problem. If the witness is willing to appear. If not. Well, let's not consider that right now. What I want you to think about is whether the name you heard might be something similar to Harris, but not exactly. Now, do you recall anything different about the pronunciation? No, I'm pretty sure he pronounced it just plain Harris. You know, like Harris Tweed. Ability. What's that, Mr. Jason? That Harris is his first name. Brother. But you can't call everybody in Milwaukee with the first name of Harris. No, but I can cover. Just keep your fingers crossed, Larry. I'll call you tomorrow or tonight if something breaks. Robert Jason speaking. Yes, sir. Mr. Jason, I read in today's paper about that killing down in Chicago. I want to talk to you about it. I think I can shed some light on the situation. I'll be up there on the next train. What's your name, sir? Chandler. Chandler? Yes, sir. Harris. The whole story, Mr. Jason. The fellow I was with, the one who was quarreling with the bartender, his name is Frank Hudson. The other man who came in and sat down at the table, well, I can't say what happened after I left, but, well, up until then, this other fellow wasn't causing any trouble at all. He was just sitting there eating a hamburger. Would you be willing to come to Chicago and appear as a witness for my client? Gee, that would probably get me into the newspapers, wouldn't it? Yes, I'm afraid it would, Mr. Chandler. That's too bad. How's it going to look for me? The papers won't mention what I was doing in that tavern. Actually, I was just trying to sell Mr. Hudson some commercial artwork. I don't drink myself. Well, sir, I can't honestly say that it won't cause you some embarrassment, Mr. Chandler, but you can see our side of it. A man's freedom is at stake. That's right. I'm sorry. I guess it's natural to think first of yourself. No one blames you. Of course I'll be a witness. Do you want me to come down to Chicago tonight? And so the scales of justice returned to normal balance for you. Because an honest man puts your welfare ahead of his own convenience. Inwardly, it makes you squirm, Larry Dexter, because you've dodged your own responsibility to a fellow man with so much less personal convenience at stake. Yes, Harris Chandler's testimony brings the arrest of Frank Hudson and his ultimate confession of his part in the bartender's death. Court has been advised that since there has been a confession on the part of another party, the state in the case of Lawrence Dexter has moved to dismiss the indictment. Case dismissed. Larry! Yes, thanks to a swell guy named Harris Chandler. And a persevering lawyer named Robert Jason. That's for sure. How does Frank Hudson stand in this picture now, Mr. Jason? In pretty serious circumstances, Larry. He'll soon face trial for manslaughter. Makes me shiver to think how easily that might have been yours truly. Don't think about it, dear. Just think how wonderful it is to be completely out of the case. Correction, not completely out, honey. This boy is going to learn to be a witness. Here to summarize today's case dismissed is your counselor, Dean John C. Fitzgerald of the Loyola University Law School. Dean Fitzgerald. The duty to act as a witness and to serve on a jury is not a duty merely to one's government but also to one's fellow man. In tonight's story, Larry decks to learn that lesson the hard way. Unfortunately, there is a widespread tendency to shirk these two civic responsibilities. Those who dodge jury service or avoid appearance as a witness usually do so in the belief that they cannot spare the time and that someone else can do the job just as well. It is your duty to act as a witness for your own sake as a citizen, for the sake of your fellow man, and for the sake of your government. There are very few civic functions that you are called upon to do in an official or seemingly official way. This is one of them. It's not only an obligation, but it's an interesting and educational experience. The help to your fellow man is beyond description as Larry decks to learned, but probably the most important aspect of your service is the strength you give to a bulwark of one of our cherished institutions, our courts. In times such as these, when much of the rest of the world offers concrete examples of the horrors perpetrated on people by mock trials, we must be vigilant to see that our system is strengthened and kept vital. The faithful discharge of our duty to act as a juror or witness to keep our courts strong and prevent injustice to anyone is a very small price to pay for the benefits of our constitutional system. As always, I must remind you that the legal points in tonight's story are based on Illinois law and may not apply in your state. May I point out too that the facts in your situation will probably differ from the facts presented in this story, since in the facts may change the application of the law. Next week, WMAQ and the Chicago Bar Association will consider some of your legal rights in operating a small business on Cate's dismiss. Until then, this is your counselor, Dean John C. Fitzgerald, wishing for each of you a good night, good luck and good law. Case dismissed. If you are in need of legal counsel and do not have a lawyer, please do with the Chicago Bar Association. The association maintains, as a public service, a lawyer reference plan which will refer you to an attorney. Case dismissed is written by Robert Kerman and is based on information supplied by the Chicago Bar Association and its lawyer members. All characters were fictitious. Any resemblance to any person living or dead is purely coincidental. Members of the cast were Burl Bonn, Carlton Caddell, Marshall Kent, Jack Lester, Claire Baum and Gil Ferguson. Case dismissed is produced by Betty Ross, direction by Herbert Leto. Musical effects were transcribed down by Tom Evans, engineering by Harold Witteberry. This is Lee Bennett speaking, inviting you to return next Saturday at this same time when we'll bring you a story about some legal rights involved in small business problems on Case Dismiss. This is the NBC Radio News.


Tezal Los Angeles Trainees attending our TEFL Tezal Certification Course in Los Angeles will find there are plenty of accommodation options to choose from due to the city's status as one of the most popular tourist destinations in the USA. You will find everything from low-cost hostels to high-end hotels in every part of the city. However, as LA covers a vast area and getting around can be very time-consuming, we recommend that you choose accommodation that is located close to the training center. Although you are free to choose any accommodation that suits your preference, we can recommend one local option that many of our previous trainees have found convenient. This option is based on apartment-style accommodation that includes a kitchen area in every room. This great feature allows you to cook for yourself and therefore helps to keep your overall budget down during your stay. The well-equipped kitchen includes essentials such as refrigerator, microwave and stove top, as well as other extras including a coffee maker. The accommodation also includes complimentary breakfast and access to laundry facilities and Wi-Fi internet. Full details will be provided once your course booking has been completed.


No one's ever asked me this, but since I've been studying and reading about the X-15 so much lately, I've asked myself this a number of times. Why do the X-15's suits look the way they do? The X-15 flew high enough that pilots needed a pressure suit in case their cabins lost pressurization in flight, and they were stylish, silver lame with a white helmet and black gloves and boots. But the look wasn't dictated by any technical considerations. It was purely a stylistic choice from North American's company pilot Scott Crossfield. The X-15's suit was manufactured by the David Clark Company. The company's owner and president, David Clark, had cornered the market making girdles and braziers, but his natural inclination to tinker and invent solutions to problems found an outlet in designing and building military garments. He came up with a new, full-pressure suit that was flexible, but became rigid if a cockpit lost pressurization. The suit was a hit with naval aviators, so much so that it even got some press coverage. It was great material for a story, but the suit itself didn't appeal to photographers. It was khaki and didn't look like a space suit should. One magazine sent a photographer who ended up being so underwhelmed by Clark's new state-of-the-art suit that he pulled a big, bulbous-y, full-pressure hard suit the Navy had investigated and abandoned years earlier from the rack. It wasn't the new state-of-the-art suit, but it looked much better in a magazine. So when it came time to design the X-15's suit, Scott Crossfield worked closely with the David Clark Company, tweaking the design to perfection.  Recalling the incident with the photographer who scoffed at the khaki suit, Crossfield told Clark to add a layer of the silver for style. Clark added black boots and gloves and a white helmet for contrast. After a few flights, Crossfield realized his hands were sweating from the black material absorbing heat in the gloves. So the gloves became silver like the rest of the suit. But in either incarnation, it was a very photogenic suit. Sometimes style, even in space, is very important.


Hello, it's Waylon Chow and this is Forms of Business Organization Module 5, Part E. In this part, we will look at the remaining key legal aspects of corporations. There are a number of legal rights that come along with being a shareholder. The first is a right to corporate assets that remain after all creditors are paid on the dissolution of the corporation. Another right is the right to vote to elect directors to appoint auditors and to approve on proposals. Now, one note to keep in mind is that this right to vote only applies to shares that have voting rights. There is no right to participate in managing the business of the corporation if you are a shareholder. The shareholder's right to vote is exercised at an annual meeting. A corporation is required to hold an annual meeting at least every 15 months. At this meeting, the directors are elected and also an auditor is appointed. The auditor is usually an accounting firm that is responsible for auditing the financial statements of the corporation. At this meeting, the financial statements are also presented and discussed. Now, for corporations with a small number of shareholders, we can dispense with the need to do an annual meeting by just assigning resolutions instead. For public corporations, shareholders can attend the annual meeting either in person or by appointing a proxy. A proxy is usually done by the shareholder filling out a proxy form and indicating how they want their shares voted in terms of who they want elected as director and who is going to be appointed as auditor or any other proposals that are on the table to be voted on at the annual meeting. Now, the way the proxy is given or sent out to the shareholders is by way of a document called a proxy management circular which is sent out a number of months in advance of the annual meeting. If you have shareholders who disagree with proposals made by management and these shareholders are typically called dissident shareholders, they have the ability to send out a dissident circular to all shareholders for them to consider their views. Shareholders also have a legal right to certain information. They can have access to the articles of incorporation, the corporate bylaws, the minutes of shareholders' meetings and shareholders' resolutions. They can also have access to the share register showing who are the owners of all the shares of the corporation. They also have access or have a legal right to see the audited financial statements of the corporation. Now, with private corporations, the shareholders can unanimously agree to dispense with the audit requirement. So the reason that they would do that is that an audit usually costs quite a bit of money. With a private corporation, it's not legally required to have audited financial statements while with a public corporation, audited financial statements are a must. Sometimes something happens with a corporation that a shareholder disagrees with or it has a negative impact on particular shareholders, especially minority shareholders. Now, what can that shareholder do? What remedies does it have? There are a number of different remedies that are available to a shareholder. The first is called a derivative action. So in a derivative action, the shareholder would sue on behalf of the corporation. So it would be suing in the name of the corporation, not the shareholder's name. And it would be suing to seek relief for a wrong that has been done to the corporation. The wrong usually could be either a breach of a duty of care or fiduciary duty by the officers or directors. So we'll talk in more detail about this duty of care and fiduciary duty a little later on. The second remedy that a shareholder may have is called the oppression remedy. Here, this also involves suing in court with an oppression remedy in contrast to the derivative action. The shareholder sues in their own name, not the corporation's name. So the oppression remedy applies when actions by directors or the corporation have oppressed or unfairly disregarded or prejudiced the shareholder's interest. So that phrase has been interpreted fairly broadly. Now, one way to look at that phrase is that we focus on the reasonable expectations of the shareholders. If the reasonable expectations of the shareholders about the way the company should be run by management have not been met, then the affected shareholder could use the oppression remedy to stop or get damages for that behavior. Some examples of oppressive actions. Now, I've mentioned before that what is considered to be oppressive is quite broad. So these are just merely examples of types of behavior that the courts in the past have found to be oppressive. So one example is the approval of a transaction that is lacking a valid corporate purpose that is prejudicial to a particular shareholder. Failure by the corporation and its controlling shareholder to ensure arms length terms for a transaction between them. So if this is referring to let's say the corporation enters into a deal to sell or buy a certain asset from a controlling shareholder and the price that's agreed to is not a price that normal arms length parties would agree to. In other words, it's not a market price then a minority shareholder could sue using the oppression remedy to stop that transaction. Another example is actions that benefit the majority shareholder but not minority shareholders and also a lack of adequate disclosure of information to minority shareholders or any kind of plan that would involve eliminating the minority shareholder. Another remedy available to a shareholder is liquidation or dissolution or another way of describing it is winding up the corporation. So what this involves is a court ordering the dissolution of the corporation. So because it involves basically eliminating the corporation this is only available in extreme situations such as where we have for example two shareholders who cannot in any way agree on how the corporation should carry on its business. The fourth available shareholder remedy is called dissent and appraisal. So this remedy is available to shareholders who disagree with a fundamental change to a corporation. So a fundamental change could be a major amendment to the articles in the corporation or a sale of most of the corporation's assets. So what this involves is the dissenting shareholder can ask to have their shares bought back by the corporation at their market value. So the drama now continues at Lucy's Lemonade Corp. So with the money and guidance of the dragons Lucy's Lemonade Corp expands with locations across Canada and is very profitable. The board of directors controlled by the dragons decide it is now a good time to take the corporation public by offering to sell 1 million shares for $10 each to the public and having Lucy's Lemonade Corp shares listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Lucy disagrees with this idea. She feels that going public would dilute her percentage ownership of the corporation and thus diminish her ability as CEO to run the business the way she wants. Lucy also feels that the price of $10 per share is too low. What are Lucy's legal options? Please pause the video at this point so that you can consider this question. What are Lucy's legal options? She can use one or more of the available shareholder remedies. The first remedy is the derivative action. Lucy can try to stop the corporation from going public by suing on behalf of the corporation using a derivative action. She would need to argue that number one, the directors did not exercise reasonable care in deciding to go public. In other words, they breached their duty of care and or number two, the directors are not acting in the best interest of the corporation by going public. In other words, the directors are breaching their fiduciary duty to the corporation. For example, Lucy can argue that the directors did not exercise reasonable care in pricing the shares at the low price of $10 and that selling the shares at that price is not in the best interest of the corporation. The second shareholder remedy that Lucy can consider is the oppression remedy. Lucy can sue in her own name using the oppression remedy in order to try to stop the corporation from going public. She would need to argue that as a minority shareholder, the plan to go public would unfairly prejudice her interests by diluting her shareholding and diminish her influence over the management of the business. The third remedy that Lucy can consider is dissent and appraisal. So instead of trying to stop the corporation from going public, Lucy can use dissent and appraisal to force the corporation to buy out her shares at marked value. Basically she would be asking to be cashed out and walking away from the corporation. Both the directors and officers owe fiduciary duty to the corporation. What that means is that they must act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the corporation. Now, what is considered to be the best interest of the corporation? The Supreme Court of Canada has said that the best interest of the corporation may be determined by considering the interests of not just the shareholders, but also the interests of employees, suppliers, creditors, consumers, governments and the environment. In other words, the Supreme Court is saying that a corporation has to be a good corporate citizen in order to determine what is in the best interest of the corporation. Now, what directors and officers are required to do with under their fiduciary duties is that they always have to put the corporation's best interests ahead of their own personal interests. Let's now look at various potential breaches of fiduciary duty. The first is transacting with the corporation. So when a director or officer enters into a transaction with the corporation that they work for, it creates what we call a conflict of interest. The conflict is between the director or officer's personal interests versus the interests of the corporation. So the director and officer's personal interests is to negotiate the best deal for himself. And that personal interest conflicts with the director's and officer's fiduciary duty to the corporation, which is to get the best deal for the corporation. Now, the way that a director and officer can avoid a conflict of interest in this type of situation where they are entering into a transaction with the corporation is to either just to avoid it altogether, do not enter into any kind of transaction with the corporation that you work for. Or the other way to deal with it is to give full notice or disclosure of the conflict of interest. So if you are a director, you're entering into a contract with the corporation, give full disclosure to the corporation and to the board of the conflict of interest and then excuse yourself from voting on the approval of that transaction or not be involved at all in reviewing or approving that transaction. So by doing that, you avoid that conflict of interest. Another potential breach of fiduciary duty is when a director or officer personally takes advantage of a business opportunity that properly belongs to the corporation. Now, when is an opportunity considered to belong to the corporation? A number of factors have been considered by courts as being relevant in determining that. One of those factors is the significance of the opportunity to the corporation. The more significant it is to the corporation's business, the more likely that it will be viewed as belonging to the corporation. Another factor is whether the opportunity was a private one. In other words, was the opportunity publicly advertised or otherwise widely known, or was it just known to a small number of people or small number of corporations. And a third factor that is considered is if the opportunity has not been rejected by the corporation, that's a fact that indicates that the opportunity still belongs to the corporation and the director or officer cannot take personal advantage of that opportunity. And a third potential breach of fiduciary duty is when the director or officer competes on a business level against the corporation that they work for. The rule is that a director or officer cannot compete against the corporation as long as that director or officer is still a director or officer of the corporation. So what that means is that if the director or officer quits or resigns from the corporation, then they're no longer subject to this fiduciary duty and they can compete against the director or officer subject to whatever non-competition agreements that they may have entered into when they originally were hired as a director or officer. Now, a related breach of fiduciary duty is when a director or officer, they may resign and then they go into competition with the corporation. But if in doing that, if they use confidential information that they obtained while they were with the corporation, that could be considered to be a breach of fiduciary duty. A common situation where directors and officers fiduciary duty comes into play is where one company has made a hostile takeover bid of another company. So this usually involves publicly traded companies where one company without the invitation of what we'll call the target company has started trying to buy up a controlling number of shares in order to take control of the target company. Now, when that type of situation happens, there is a potential conflict of interest for the directors and officers of the target company. Because in terms of their personal interests, they usually don't want the other company to take over the target company because they'll likely lose their jobs once the company is taken over. But their fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the corporation, the target corporation could be to support the bid if it's in the corporation's best interest, especially the shareholders' best interest in terms of getting a high price to sell their shares to the acquiring corporation. Now, the way hostile takeover bids are dealt with to avoid this conflict of interest, what could be done is to have a committee of independent directors consider the takeover bid. So independent directors are those who have no other connection to the corporation. They are not officers of the corporation, so they are considered to be purely independent. So that committee of independent directors would consider whether the takeover bid is a good one or a bad one. Let's go back now to Lucy's Lemonade Corp, which is now a publicly traded company on the TSX. So Lucy was unable to stop the corporation from going public. She is still the CEO of what is now a public corporation. There is a new board of directors elected by the new shareholders. Lucy is no longer a director. As CEO, Lucy puts forward a business proposal to the board to enter the market to sell packaged lemonade in grocery stores. That market is currently dominated by companies like MinuteMade and Tropicana. The board rejects the proposal. While still working as the CEO of Lucy's Lemonade Corp, Lucy decides to start her own new company to pursue this business idea. The question is, is Lucy in breach of her fiduciary duty to Lucy's Lemonade Corp? Please pause the video to take a moment to consider this question. So Lucy, as an officer of Lucy's Lemonade Corp, owes a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of that corporation ahead of her own personal interest. So generally, personally pursuing a business opportunity that came first to the corporation would be a breach of fiduciary duty. However, since this business opportunity to sell packaged lemonade was rejected by the board of Lucy's Lemonade Corp, Lucy should be now free to personally pursue this opportunity. In addition, as a matter of caution, just to avoid any kind of accusation of breach of fiduciary duty, Lucy should openly disclose the fact that she is pursuing this opportunity outside of the corporation to the board of directors of Lucy's Lemonade Corp. In addition to a fiduciary duty, the directors and officers also owe a duty of care to the corporation that they work for. Now this duty of care is very similar to the one that we looked at in relation to negligence towards in module 3.2. This duty of care requires that every director or officer must exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. Now more specifically, let's say for a director, this duty of care would include the director having a basic understanding of the business or to acquire that understanding. If you are hired as a director or appointed as a director for a corporation, you have an obligation to get to know that business in order to be able to properly make decisions regarding that corporation. Another aspect of duty of care is that the director should keep informed about the corporation's policies and its business. The director should regularly attend board meetings. And a director with a higher level of knowledge or experience, let's say if you are a director for a mining company and you happen to be a geologist, you are held to the higher standard of knowledge and experience that you have as a geologist and therefore you have to meet a higher standard of care because of that. In applying this duty of care to directors and officers, the courts have clearly said that it will not second guess the business decisions of directors and officers where they have acted reasonably and the decision was within the range of reasonably available alternatives. So this is called the business judgment rule. So in effect it's saying that we don't expect directors and officers to have a crystal ball and to absolutely be perfect in making their decisions, but we only expect them to act reasonably and make a decision within the range of reasonably available alternatives. So one thing I'd like you to think about is if the company called or used to be called Research in Motion, which is now called Blackberry a couple of years ago, they decided to come out with their own tablet called the Blackberry Playbook to compete against the Apple iPad. So the Blackberry Playbook failed miserably. So a query did the directors and officers of Research in Motion exercise their duty of care in deciding to compete against Apple by producing the Blackberry Playbook tablet. So give that some thought on your own. So back at Lucy's Lemonade Corp. So let's say instead of rejecting that proposal to sell packaged lemonade through grocery stores, the board of Lucy's Lemonade Corp actually did approve that proposal. However, this business venture turns out to be a resounding failure due to the dominant companies in this market. It was very difficult for Lucy's Lemonade Corp to get shelf space in grocery stores as well. Manufacturing the packaged lemonade with the same taste as the lemonade sold in the stores proved to be much more difficult than anticipated. The packaged lemonade tasted sour and had a bad aftertaste. Question is, did the officers and directors fulfill their duty of care to Lucy's Lemonade Corp in approving this proposal to market the packaged lemonade? Please pause this video so you can consider this question. So did the officers and directors fulfill their duty of care to Lucy's Lemonade Corp? We would need to find out whether or not the directors and officers exercise their due diligence in investigating and planning this business venture to market packaged lemonade. So we need to ask, did they investigate how to get shelf space in grocery stores? Did they conduct taste testing of the packaged lemonade? Did they investigate various packaging and manufacturing processes? Those are only a few examples of the types of questions that we would need to look into to determine whether or not the directors and officers exercise due diligence. Although a court will be reluctant to second guess the business judgment of the directors and officers under the business judgment rule, it will still assess whether they acted reasonably and within the range of reasonably available alternatives.


Hi everyone, right. So welcome to the hub session we would like to start off this morning. Now we'll have some chunky share back in within our conversation today. There are many amongst us who are already beginning to develop their hubs ideas and go into conversations and already engaging and consulting with different communities about how best to set up. These collaboration or coordination structures within the community. There are those who have done that research. There's some of us here who are still ideating like what we want to do. But to get us started. We have a lot of different hubs conversations over the next couple of hours, but within the general framework or within the general conversation around hubs would like to have these bigger sharebacks as we discuss. And hear from each other so that what we're sharing with each other is tangible and relevant to the conversation broadly. So would like to just start off. I mean, we say hubs within the movement. And when we say hubs, sometimes I get the feeling we all mean different things. When you say hubs to to a startup, a tech startup, if you say hubs, something comes to mind. They probably envision a certain thing. If you say hubs to someone who's working on climate change, something might come to mind about what that might actually mean. So we just like to start off just really broadly step away a little bit if you can from the Wikimedia movement and what hubs mean for us.  When you hear the word hub. What does it mean? What does a hub mean for you? Maybe when we have some kind of shared understanding, then we can dive into bigger chunkier pieces of what it means for our movement and what we're learning from our different communities. Hi. Hello again, everyone. By the way, sorry, I didn't introduce myself. I'm Yope Ruan Pam. I'm with the foundation. I'm on the community resources team. And co facilitating on, I'm co facilitating this conversation with my colleague Natalia here. Okay, so we have the other microphone. I'll pass this one round. We'll just go round. And if you can say in one sentence, if that's possible. If you can say in one sentence, what does a hub mean for you? Hub is where all nodes are linked. Where nodes are linked. Okay. For me hub, it's where we can collaborate and share our knowledge between ourselves. Collaboration. Linkages. Okay. Diversity. Diversity. One word. Nice. Thank you for me. I'll begin with saying why I didn't hear people saying how they are. And I would want to know people. I'm Derek from Randa. So to me, I think a hub is more of a platform where people share ideas. Yeah, so it's more of a platform. Thank you. Hello, I'm Harriet from Ghana. For me, a hub will be a one stop shop for everything, be it collaboration, support, communication. Yeah. But I know it's just one stop shop where you can get everything that you would want to. That's like the SunTek Plaza, isn't it? Any other thoughts? I'll start picking people, if that's okay. I'm going to put you on the spot. I want to know what does a hub mean for you? I'd like to know who we're having conversations with. Okay. I will go with you. Yes. What does a hub mean for you? For me, a hub is a place that all the communities have a relationship with the other and controlled by a group that knows everything about those communities. Relationships. A relationship spot. Okay. Is that when you say relationships, are you thinking long term relationships or short term relationships? It depends. Please tell us more. Sorry. If you don't mind, I'd like to hear a little more. But when we say hubs, what are we thinking long term relationships? What does that mean? Long term relationships actually. Maybe some projects might be a short term project. Okay. So you're thinking of the relationships project-wise? Project-wise, yes. They are short term, but a strategy, a movement that would be a long term. Relationship. Okay. Oh, we didn't meet you. You didn't tell us your name. By the way. I'm Toru from Azerbaijan Wikipedia. Okay. No, I'm from Michael from Georgia. Hub for me, it's people around same goals, same ideas. People coming together who have the same goals and the same ideas. Yes. So if I don't agree with you, I can't be in a hub with you. Recording in progress. Would that be accurate or inaccurate? Just curious. At least one same goal. Yes. Okay. For example, like CE hub, we have mainly like similar goals. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Oh, we didn't meet you. Oh, sorry. We did. My name is Michael from Kenya. And I think it's convergence. When I look at hub is convergence where the interest ideas come together. So as one word, maybe I'll use convergence. Okay. So a convergence of thoughts and ideas. Okay. Yes. Okay. Thank you. So my name is Anthony from Tanzania. And I think a hub is a structure. Where more than one wiki communities can rely on to work on similar vision and vision in a broader way. That's my definition. Okay. A structure with similar mission and vision and delivering that in a structured. Yes. Like working together in a structured manner. Yes. Why we're not structured. Can we still be a hub? I don't think so. Why not? Because structured means people should be aligning themselves with a common goal. If we are two or three different people working on separate topics and interests. The thing I think not gonna work. Okay. If if I set up a lunch table. I'm using this as an example if I set up a lunch table. And I know that at some point everyone's going to come at this lunch tape to this lunch table. And I say the lunch table is open every day between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.  Would you call it a lunch hub? It's not structured. The only thing there is the space. But it's.  It doesn't matter who comes. You come and eat. You can have whatever. So. Okay. And then you can come and order what you want. There's a chef there and he'll cook whatever you want. Okay. And there's no coordination. There's no plan. So I think yes. It's it should be a lunch table because everyone. Would it be a hub? Would it be called a lunch hub? It's a lunch hub. Yes. But the point is what are they eating? Is everyone eating the same food? If it's just a lunch table, it's fine. But if we say it's a. Lunch table, but to be more specific with the type of food that people eat. Then it shouldn't be for everyone. Okay. So if it was serving only burgers at a certain time of the day. And but to everybody, then we can call it a burger hub. That's for my human. Hematic hub. Yeah. Or love, for example, we have a language shop and it's around sound like language family. So it's mean hub. So burger hub, it's works. Okay. Yes. Thank you. I'm voice check from the C hub. And there are a lot of things I search for in hubs. So like a lot of these definitions that you guys have given hold true to a larger or lesser degree for me personally, but they hold true. What I look for in a hub is something I call the synergy effect, which means that one plus one equals three. That's individual hub members together. They create something different than the sum of the elements. So a hub is stronger than the collection of individuals or call them institutions. I think we want to hear more about that. What does that mean? Like break it down in English. I'm not speaking English. You're using technical terms. So for those of us who are non technical. Yeah. So I tried to elaborate. I tried to explain what synergy is by saying one plus one means three. Right. So if Wikimedia. Okay. Give me give me give me a fictional land. If Wikimedia land of Oz. Once to. Once to do a project and Wikimedia, Catalonia islands wants to do a project. They might not be successful, but if they happen to be in the same area, if they create a hub, if they invite Wikimedia Mordor to it and Wikimedia Scottish lowlands and Wikimedia. The Mariana straight. Together as a hub. They might have a stronger voice. They might convince like large institutions of culture. That it's worth doing a project because this won't be just a project for. Wikimedia land of Oz and separate project for Wikimedia Mordor. It will be a project that will cover a much larger area. And that's what I call the synergy effect.  Okay. Nicely broken down nicely broken down. Who else wants to add to that? Any other thoughts? Okay. Thank you. I'm Fernando from Argentina. I was a little bit late. So I'm not sure. I'm going to answer the right question. But I would add to what you were sharing that I have detected that different roles interact differently into the Wikimedia community stuff. People involved in chapters and doing politics into the movement. And volunteers like me. We we I'm running a group of scientists trying to improve contents of Wikipedia and other projects from the science science. So I would feel that I would make have including scientists that are not involved in usual political structures currently and not stuff. And we would nicely interact with those actors and actresses. I have detected different interests and have detected some conflicts in the way we interact. That's why I would add that. I'm not sure if that justifies the hub but maybe academia people volunteers improving project maybe something that might join. So integrating some more specialty would help us. The question we're asking each other is what does a hub mean for you? As an individual whether within the movement outside of the movement but we just want to see where we are on on hubs and our people with similar interests. Concerning concerning improving Wikimedia approach similar interest similar ways to reach them. Okay people with similar interests. We're getting into a shared thinking there's synergy similar similar interests shared vision diversity. And it's interesting how do you bring diversity into a shared vision. Because sometimes when we think of diversity we think of different groups. And when we think of shared ideas we think of homogeneous groups. How do you create that within a hub structure. Which is kind of the question we're we try to answer when we're talking about hubs within our movement bring that diversity. But within with let that diversity like he says that synergy. Let that diversity then create that structure that stronger that's louder than the institution and enables things to happen. Hi everyone. My name is Winnie. I've been involved with the hub as specifically the East African regional and thematic hub app. So for me I look at a hub as when I when I think of hubs I think of devolution like having a devolved unit. That brings people together to help decentralize certain things. Especially around representation shared goals. Yeah so I have for me is more of I think of devolution like for instance in my country where I come from Kenya. We are just one country. But in 2010 they introduced the devolution which meant that we have 47 devolved units and each of those has its own like a county government and all. And the whole idea around that was to ensure equitable access to resources and representation. So that's that's that's to me what I have does in the scope of this movement. Thank you. Hi I'm Johnny. I'm from easy up. All right. I'd like to like and hubs to like. Let's think superheroes. Okay. Batman fights villains in Gotham City. Superman fights villains in metropolis. Wonder Woman fights villains from Europe. But when they get together it becomes the Justice League. And and and the issues that they handle are universal. And so I believe hubs can handle larger issues. It's kind of like a waste of time if the hub would go into a very micro because the affiliate is already handling that the community is already handling that. But the hub itself as a as a collaborative effort. It would be able to handle larger looming issues and create a very positive effects for everybody as a whole. Energy as what he mentioned is this important. That's my opinion. I like the lunch table example. I will think of hub like a sweet table at Wikimedia. Yes, people drop by the common thing is not a common goal just like they all it doesn't eat sweets. Common need, maybe. And everybody brings something of their own. This is where the diversity comes in. We have a comment from the chat. Jaleeko who is from the C community writes for me hubs are support entities in the local automatic context where WMF cannot serve as well due to their global and generalized work also lack of flexibility as U.S. based. And Joe. Yes. So Capucin Maradu from Wikimedia Europe and Wikimedia France. I agree to all the comparison we made. Of course we are superheroes. My point is let's not forget the global strategy and heroes are hubs are here for synergies of course. But they are also here to manage assets and by assets I mean mostly money and knowledge about how to do things. And also the communities because hubs will see which communities are not covered by micro project by micro organization. So there is a global view is the money and the local knowledge. And we need to define how they will be able to do that because we want a more decentralized movement. And then I come to Johnny. Okay. My name is Shola from Nigeria. Well, I actually agree with what everyone have said about their definition and description of hope. But long before the Wikimedia Foundation started the movement strategy in Nigeria, we felt like starting to how to initiate an idea about hubs. We never knew that Wikimedia Foundation is actually going to come to the stage looking for how we can start a hub. Our definition about hub then is how we can devolve power, how power can actually be taken from the central and be spread among different units. And in so doing, we're trying to look at how we can set up smaller batches of people so that even when the central can't reach some remote places, they could be reached. So we see a hub as a means of getting what cannot be reached, what cannot be gotten in the central in remote places, getting people to have it. Thank you.


Can Caleb Williams actually win the Heisman Trophy again this year? It'll be a tall task for last year's winners. It's been nearly 50 years since we've seen a repeat Heisman Trophy winner. But right now on Fandall Sportsbook, he has the best odds at plus 500 to win. But if you look at this as Caleb Williams versus the field and you're taking the field saying, ah, I doubt we see a repeat winner, there's a loaded list of big names here at some crazy long odds. Going down the list, possibly the second and third best players in the country have some ridiculously long odds. Marvin Harrison Jr., plus 3,000. Brock Bowers, Georgia's best player, plus 6,000. There are some studs on this list with some outstanding value to win the Heisman Trophy. So who do you guys think is the best bet to take home the trophy this season?


A couple of weeks ago, I finally had an opportunity to get in on the Lionel Messi Hysteria when I watched Intermajans come back to me over six years ago. You know what I noticed? He walks 75% of the game. Yeah, walks like he's at the mall. Is it because he's lazy? No. Is it because he's tired? No. It's because he's apathetic, not a chance. It's because Lionel Messi is a brilliant soccer player. Part of what makes Messi the most dominant player on the planet and arguably most dominant player of all time is his soccer IQ. He has a master at energy conservation. He knows exactly when he needs to turn on the jets and sprint. He knows exactly when he needs to go all out and attack. He knows exactly how to vary his pace and change his tempo to make himself unguardable. It's been statistically proven that even elite level players only have the ball in their immediate possession for approximately three minutes the entire game. So the most important separator between good and great players is what they do during the 87 minutes that they don't have for the ball. Combine that with the fact that researchers conclude that Lionel Messi covers an average of seven miles in total distance every single game. This includes a combination of walking, jogging and sprinting. Messi is the best player in the world because he understands how strong of a deception tool changing speeds is as well as how to maximize his energy reserves. If he tried to run all seven miles as hard as possible he'd be easy to guard and his top attack speed would decline significantly. Lionel Messi sprints when he needs the sprint which is all that really matters. Knowing when to walk and when to sprint is a massive difference maker when it comes to your sustainable high performance.


What's going on guys got Cal here late in sports cards, and we're ripping six boxes of 2022 Chronicles This is six box break number 18 random team style Show you guys the results here had Vaughn with the Ravens down to Ryan be with the Cowboys can always check these results guys on our website late in sports cards calm down at the bottom We got the quick links results tab. Alrighty guys. Good luck on this one. This is Chronicles number 18 number 18 Number 17 was something. Let's keep it going. It has been ridder Chronicles There's a silver out of score sauce for the Jets Ken Walker rookies and Breece Hall prison black. There's a Brock Purdy rookie Niners This is Lamar Jackson on the juror team in 99 or 199 Ravens So 49 got Ken Walker clear vision Brian Robinson and Garrett Wilson There's a rookie Jelani Woods purple number to 49 luminance there for the Colts Romeo Dobbs in a crystal Lave prison black. Can you pick at Chronicles? Got a writer auto this one is for the Lions the 75 hutch On the gridiron Kings auto Hutchinson in a silver crystal Lave on the red number to 99 Prism black alive a nice one. They're 99 for the Saints George Pickens rookie Kyle Hamilton Crystal Lave great iron Kings Got Jalen Hurts nice one here photogenic gold number to 10 We go birds. I said their Eagles on the Hertz one of 10. That's Jersey number nice one Got a kitty picket Johan Datsun The 75 we got score rookie Otto. That's Malik Willis go into the Titans Number to 75 on the rookie Otto Breece Hall silver Dynagon Rookies Bailey zappy and rookie Brock Purdy What I say that's one for Donnie right there. I think those are the ones photogenic gold the Eagles man Donnie's looking Donnie's interested Not a bit eBay so far so true. Yeah, I mean it's got to be a tough Like the I like the set though photogenic Brock Purdy rookie This is quay Walker number to 35 great iron Kings Trayvon Walker rookie Trayman pride. Yeah, there's some really nice sets in here. Okay, some really nice sets Justin Herbie This one is Johnny Hecker on the auto number to 50. We got a punner For the Cardinals there Johnny Hecker to 50 on the Paramount auto Got Jay Jetta to 199 Chris Watson, Isaiah Pacheco Silver rookie Jalen Petrie out of a legacy can you pick it from Dynagon? Ken Walker Yeah, I like that. I like the idea of Chronicles getting all the different sets together You usually find some pretty good rookie autos and stuff too like not too hard of a chase Between the different sets there to 199 photogenic Jersey Aaron Donald for the Rams So you 199 we got George Pickett in this clear vision Got sauce on the prison black rookie and CD lamb Who's winning a match up against each other sauce or CD Christian Watson? Redemption is Garrett Wilson on the prison black signatures nice one there jets prison black auto of Garrett Silver a lot of a Dynagon. I think it might be a CD It's pretty good. He's quick Yeah, I mean who's throwing the ball back. I Guess there is an extra component of that part Who's throwing the ball Sam howl rookie that's NFC East right there Desmond Ritter gridiron Kings rookie That's a little rivalry right there to 99 Tom Brady Chronicles. Oh, no that's throwing the ball. I think I might give it to softs fair Box three. Good luck guys. Got silver or prison black. That's Tom Brady. Nice one there bucks Maddie Corral Hutchinson this one is Josh Allen to 199 Chronicles Jersey bills Spiller to 199 playoff momentum chargers McBride Walker there's a luminance. Can you pick it nice one there Steelers? I Can Walker red this is the 149 quay Walker Quay Walker and Chris a lot of it This is sauce on the prism black silver auto that the sauce and Garrett Wilson nice one jets Got both the good rookies there on the silver prism You know I need breeze now There's breeze orange the Dynagon number to 75 Need a breeze prism and get all the rookies silver prison black autos They're pretty cool get all one. Yeah, one half case won't be bad This is Christian Watson rookie got two out of 199 dolphins Willis and Willis There's a Sam Howell rookie Desmond Ritter and auto this one is gold on the prism black rookie auto for the Titans Malik Willis Nice one there Titans number five out of ten Great auto there on the prism black gold tiny bit of something on there. I don't believe that's damaged. I think that's like a It's a little bit of I don't even know Something on there could probably get that off with a towel. We're not gonna try Flux silver there Aiden Hutchinson Don't think it's necessarily damage. He's something on the card ox fork. Let me know what you think box for Box four All right, so we're gonna send a box with that Malik Willis gold It's not like a dent or anything, but it is something on the card So we'll send a box just to make sure it's just like kind of like a smudge Yeah, it looks like a smudge that might come off, but I don't want to like Yeah, try too hard or anything maybe to get some like it definitely doesn't come off like this with a gentle wipe So you might have to be yeah, maybe some like card safe some sort of cleaning stuff I mean, I know they have that kind of stuff around There's one Aiden Hutchinson on the jersey timeless treasures the 240 hutch for the Lions Got two 99 that's Alec Pierce Jehan Dotson score base and a purdy acetate Chris Olave sauce Blue is Maddie Corral to 99 Panthers Kyle Hamilton and Vilas Jones. Yeah, I think it actually would tell me we just uh We're gonna do any buffing around here. There's Trey McBride. This one is RPA number to 25 nice one there with the number patch Go Cardinals 10 at 25 on the Trey McBride Hutchinson to 49 photogenic Olave base Alec Pierce Devonte Williams got a Ritter Ritter rookie Sam Howell rookie Kenny Pickett rookie and Silver from score is Bailey Zappy Got a hutch base prison black and Damien Pierce Hutch again, this one is silhouettes RPA going to the commanders to 99 Jehan Dotson Commanders on the crown Royale. Love those silhouettes. Got a silver of Maddie Corral Pickett flux base Tommy B Christian Watson on the Gridiron Kings Brock Purdy there number to 199 nice at Niners Sam Howell Dynagon and Michi already guys box five. This is six box number 18. We'll get maybe one going next Got read to 149 Drake London Gridiron Kings Breeze Hall sauce Olave photogenic that door man Got silhouettes Isaiah Spiller to 99 RPA chargers. You know chargers Spiller on the crown Royale silhouette Trayvon Walker rookie red from legacy to 99 Brock Purdy Dynagon and James Cook Bailey Zappy rookie. This is silver from score Kenny Pickett Walker and Cooper Cup Redemption, this is Breeze Hall on these score premium rookie signatures nice one there jets So when that was the prison black out the whole jet set there Nice one there jets Silver flux is a mere white Crystal Lave flux and Danny Gray a lot of orders coming in force my There's a Desmond Ritter photogenic Brock Purdy chronicles. There's tractor CTO to 199 photogenic Bailey Zappy on the prism black rookie Spiller sauce For the Giants we have to 240 plates and patches jersey cave-on tibidote rookie for the Giants Blue to 99 is cheetah sauce Alrighty guys last box box number six. This is six box number 18 Get some panini one going next Zappy rookie luminance Got to 149 Rashad white Hutch from score here. Wilson. Can you pick it base chronicles? This is to 50. We got a red rookie autograph cave-on tibidote Nice one there Giants, where's mani at? This is boy 45 out of 50 on the tibidote and Behind it's a 99 blue. It's cave-on tibidote for the Giants the Asia Voo keeps going He's going today. These guys are shooting pretty low. There's a lobby is silver prism black going to the chiefs mr. Mahomi Mahomi the golfer Christian Watson rookie Jerry James Cook James Cook And redemption this one is Brian Robinson jr. Great iron signatures red Nice one there commanders that one should be to 99 great iron signatures Damian Pierce silver from score Hutch Traylon Birx Two packs left writer chronicles to 91 99 Devin Lloyd rookie Jags McBride last pack Bailey sappie great iron Kings. We've got Jersey to 199 hutch Photogenic Jersey To 199 step on dicks Score rookie of Purdy and Johan Dotson on the back. Alrighty there guys That'll do it for six box number 18 do a quick recap here We had tibidote on the Jersey to 240 Hutchinson to 240 Josh Allen to 199 199 Aaron Donald to 199 lamb Jack We had to 50 gave on tibido red rookie auto Jets breeze Hall on the score premium signatures Isaiah Spiller RPA at a crown The hot dots an RPA at a crown of 99. We had to 25 timeless treasures up Trey McBride number patch Malik Willis on the goal prison black rookie that had a little bit of Smudging something on that so we'll send a box with that one for the Titan spot there on the goal Malik We had a sauce Gardner prison black rookie auto Garrett Wilson prison black auto to 50 Johnny Hecker Malik Willis auto Hutch to 75 auto and commander is Brian Robinson great iron Kings to 99. Alrighty friends that will do it for um That was chronicles six box number 18 random teams. We'll get some panini one going next


Today on the show we're gonna be taking a look at pop movies three-pack ghostbusters the gatekeeper zool and the keymaster So stay tuned As I said guys today, we're taking a look at the pop movies three-pack Ghostbusters the gatekeeper zool and the keymaster Very nice box here and see you have The gatekeeper you have zool here. You have the keymaster Three-pack special you got the Ghostbusters logo there There is no number on this. It's just a three-pack Others in this line include number 104, which is Dr. Peter Vanquen 105 is Dr. Ray Stans 106 is Egon Spangler Number 107 is Winston Zettibor 108 is Slimer and 109 a six-inch Stay Puft Marshmallow me Collect the entire line of Ghostbusters Funko Pop super stylized vinyl figures. I really like that background Looks really nice For those of you who didn't catch my haul video back in June Which is when I'm Filming this it'll be released in October with all my other Ghostbusters and horror videos In celebration of Halloween I got this from Amber who used to appear on this channel quite a bit We had went back and forth for about a year trying to figure out a day in time and everything for me to pick these up from her She was super busy or I was broke at the time or whatever finally managed to arrange it and during that time the year in between Me saying I wanted it and actually being able to buy it It had shot up in price probably three or four times and that was according to pop price guide calm so Here's the top very nice side window display There is no display side on this so let's go ahead and open it up and take a look at the pops inside All right, so first things first we have here Sigourney weavers Dana Barrett as the gatekeeper Very nice paint job. Let me angle this down a bit Very nice paint job you got the blush on her cheeks the eye shadow Got her orange Dress or whatever you want to call it I think it was just something that she threw on I Hair very nice Body turn or the head turns I won't say you can turn it all the way around because this hand kind of gets in the way But you can do pretty good and she stands fine no problem balancing You have Rick Moranis's Louis Tully aka the key master Transparent glasses there very nice You got his skull cap that Egon made him wear However, this strap doesn't appear to be connected in any way. It's just kind of sitting there And of course only the top button is buttoned on his shirt and he's holding a slice of pizza Yes have some His head ooh That's there we go Pretty stiff at first, but I got it. His head does turn all the way around. There's all the Wires and everything on his skull cap very nice Now For Zool, oh Zoolie you sorry about that guys. This is a very heavy pop very solid It's almost like they put weights in it or something. I don't know but very solid pop The legs don't move at all the head Does move very very nice Yeah, it's very very heavy It's almost as heavy as a die cast metal figure very cool the paint You know it looks like their Paint has been rubbed off. I don't know if that is on purpose or not It doesn't add or take away anything from the figure looks very nice It's gonna look good on my shelf with my other Ghostbusters figures and my Ghostbusters Funko pops Really liking this set At the time I filmed this This pop is priced on pop price guide comm for $27 when I purchased it It was priced at about 30 bucks It's been up to I think about 40 bucks at one time. It's fluctuating quite a bit But this was a Walmart exclusive. It looks like although it didn't say that on the box I'm surprised by that But according to pop price guide comm it was a Walmart exclusive So there you have it guys in this Funko pop review pop movies three pack Ghostbusters the gatekeeper Zool and the key master Hope you guys enjoyed this video if you didn't make sure you hit that subscribe button so you don't miss out on future videos I'm Shannon for coming in TV the only place on YouTube where I'll geek culture collides Take care my friends