Okay, last time when we left off we were retrieving a podcast mp3 URL from the RSS feed and logging it out in this function here. And now what we want to do is be able to go retrieve that mp3 file from the URL, download it to our file system and transcribe it, then delete the file from the file system. So a few things we need to do first. One is when we were loading the app, we were just going ahead and testing this out on a temporary file in our file system. I've deleted those files from the file system, but now I need to delete all the code that calls that. So we still want that function that test open AI config because that's going to be helpful later in actually creating our transcription, but let's go ahead and just delete that endpoint and then back down here. So this is a potentially very long podcast episode.  So I went to rss.com and just uploaded a very short audio file. It's about three minutes long. And I'm calling it a podcast. And anyway, they provide this rss feed here, and if I go to that rss feed URL, I can search for the mp3. So for now, let's grab from a static mp3 URL, and we'll call this tempurl. And then I'm just pasting that link. So for now, while we do our tests, we're just going to work with something that's about three minutes long. It'll give us a sense of latency, and it'll allow us to handle loaders or asynchronous calls and things like that pretty realistically. But we're not going to be constantly pinging the open AI transcription API with a hour-long podcast. So now I wrote a function at a time. This took me a while to figure out, called get audio from URL. And I'll explain how that works, but let's go ahead and call that tempurl. And it's going to return a file path on our local file system. And it's in a synchronous function, so we're just going to wait for its response, and then let's go ahead and log that file path. All right. So up here in this function, we're taking the URL, and we're using the HTTPS MPM module, which we'll need to install. We're getting that URL, waiting for a response. And that response is going to come back in chunks. And with those chunks, we are going to push them to an array. And we're going to assemble that array into a buffer. Write that buffer to our file system as the compiled MP3. And then we're going to return the place on our file system where that MP3 lives. And we're just going back a directory here to log it outside of our server directory. So a few things we need to do, we need to install those modules. GitHub Copilot realizes that we need those. And actually, this is the module I normally use to assign just a random ID as a file name to prevent file name conflicts. But I know that this does not work with the require syntax. So I'm going to use a different one, which is uuid, so dv4. So here I'm just importing that v4 as the name uuidv4. Don't need nano ID. Let's just see what happens here. Matter what we put in here, because we're not using this podcast for now. It gave us a file path. We have the MP3 file. And let's make sure, because this has been a problem in the past, that this actually plays. It does. We know we've got a working file. Once we have that file, we need to actually create our transcription, await, transcribe audio, file path, log that transcription. This function does not exist because we called it test open AI config, but we're going to change it to transcribe audio. It's going to now accept a file path instead of just specifying this static one here. Turn the response.data to the transcription. Let's try that out. It's American Life. Yes, we know. It goes to Bobby Dunbar. Look at our server here. Across our fingers. Something's happening. And we got our transcription. So everything is wired up to now work with files from a URL, assuming that is a valid MP3 that's coming back from the podcast index API. And I will say that I have gotten a number of MP3 URLs from those RSS feeds that are not linking to actual valid MP3s. So I know we didn't cover a ton here, but I'm going to stop this tutorial because in the next one, I want people to be able to jump in right to the meat of what this whole thing is about, which is how to do all the AI stuff, be able to turn this transcript that we got into something that we can ask questions about to an AI and it can provide answers on. So we'll jump into that in the next one.


Ladies and gentlemen, this is one of the most interesting sessions which I would like to moderate. Because here we are going to discuss about last mile delivery, logistics, how traditional companies are actually adopting AI in transportation and delivery. So I have got an esteemed set of panelists where we have a start-up founder who is actually helping various companies in fine tuning their logistics and technology domain. We have a last mile logistics player, we have a traditional company and he is going to talk about how they are actually adopting technology and AI to further automate the operations. So I will quickly just give 30 seconds to each of you to quickly introduce yourself and then we will get into the discussion mode. So I am going to start with you Vishal. Hi, this is Vishal, I am the co-founder of Vodkast. We started this company eight years back and we are trying everything which moves. It can be assets, employees and we are doing lots of things in terms of supply chain logistics, last mile logistics. So that is the core of Vodkast. I am Prashant Sharma and I am working with the SLCM Group as Group CTO. And just to make my introduction relevant, we are working on AI front with respect to making a unified supply chain for every communities right after harvesting, means post harvesting. And our technology right now has successfully adopted the quality checking of the communities and one of the ideas first to get the NABL certification for the physical parameter verification through mobile app by using AI ML technology. And our future plan is to integrate all the supply chain elements just like Amazon has done for retail business. Hi everyone, I am Nikesh. I am the CPU for Shadowfax. Shadowfax is a third-party of this company. And we provide a range of service which starts from 30 minutes to 2 hours to 4 hours same between NB and D, end to end e-commerce delivery. We have done it in India and a lot of the technology part which actually enables us to be able to deliver on the customer expectation at the lower cost. So we do a lot of work in using the technologies to make sure that we deliver the best experience with the best cost. I am going to start with you, a very traditional company. And we actually want to understand how a traditional company in today's day and time is adopting new age technologies and how it has actually helped them being relevant in all the time possible. So it's a very interesting combination that while addressing SLCM is a traditional company but at the same time we hold a patent called AgriReach which stands for all the processes, techniques and systems which ensures that the most harvest loss should be less than 0.1 percentage. And according to the government data it is approximately 10. something percentage. So you can easily imagine that how processes, technology and systems work together to reduce that kind of loss. So generally in newspaper we read or we induce, we hear about like losses which happens due to some mismanagement of the communities we try and it just gets wasted, it gets rotten. But if right technologies we use to monitor it and right technologies used to check the quality of it right from the beginning then it is very, it's not that hard to reduce those kind of losses and just imagine that from what hardship or farmer grows that and it has to reach to the plate of so many hungry people. So it means that there is a lot of room to do, to do. Now how we can adopt this thing is just simple if we are although I do not take a claim of it or I do not take the credit of it it's a credit of CEO, Mr. Siddheeswara that he thinks in that way that what next we can do in terms of adopting a technology in such an efficient way that with small change it can bring a lot of value to the end user. So when he thought about the processes we got this patent so you can see traditional company but it has a patent right it means it is doing something new, something, it is doing something innovative. Now why we became the first, one of the first company first company who created a quality check app because it just started a small thing that if somebody is doing with the images so many things can we do it for the smaller communities which are very small in size and shape we just took that challenge, we worked upon it, we started in 2021 and down to the 24 we are aiming to get 16 communities in our app although the pace might not bring that kind of thrill but now we know that after so much of learning trial and error we can add so many communities now in it very fast so this is one of the element is trial and error one of the element is trial and error and we always see the horizon where the technology is heading to and just trying to be aware of the use cases that can cut across your line of business so these are very simple rules but it requires a lot of hard work to get start those things because it requires investment and all those things we did that work, we get grant from the responsibility a European company then we also got some grants from AWS we also got done POC free of cost from Google as well so it required a lot of efforts, a lot of networking as well so that's how we actually came to this question, we can say that now we can scale it Vishal coming to you, you have actually worked with companies like bigger corporates like the likes of jubilee so how did you help them in the logistic space particularly first of all, people are here for this session so we are talking for these people so if you can come down can I ask for a few to come let's have an interactive session here please take the front stage we will preach this session very soon, don't worry, we will have a good session it's very interesting, we will talk about good things which you can relate to we will talk about the tech, we will talk about the basic things but you can understand what we all talk about with AI thank you so much, thank you the question is how AI is helping us in providing the good service to our clients first of all, are you all aware that what is AI we are talking about AI, we have started this discussion but what is AI we are talking about AI I am sorry, I am running again and again I will just convert to English in Hindi because they are connecting us, they are talking to you correct, so I am asking you all this you all have used AI the navigation you do on Google Maps is AI you order from Swikis or you delete it from Chateau Mix that is AI what is AI? the collection of data, we collect the data we have and we analytics through it, that is AI I am asking the question because I have kids they ask the same question, dad, will this happen in AI or tech they don't know that AI is there, for them it is an AI term because these days we write AI everywhere Facebook's AI is there, they feel that AI is something amazing AI is a data thing you can save lots of things by reading the data correct, now the main question that I have what do we do in AI's orbit AI removes the repeat tasks we are making mistakes again and again we are removing the mistakes I can give you an example of what AI is suppose we are talking about supply chain what is AI in supply chain now you have ordered overstock you know that you are planning for Diwali you have ordered overstock it has been wasted we will be able to tell you how many stocks you have to order how much you have invested in the supply chain suppose you have ordered 1000 pieces but the supply chain is not available you are making a wrong expedition and you will not be able to deliver the goods this is AI you have fuel consumption in your car you have to go on a route so that it can reduce the fuel consumption which truck should go suppose your load is 20 days which truck is optimized for that 20 days which will cost less, that is AI so we have been doing AI since childhood but we have never thought about it if it comes to understand it first we were doing manuals now we are doing commuteries so that we can get faster results that's I think I have even more than the question if you need to ask anything about AI then obviously we will start this session also after this 3 more questions, correct everyone what is AI, so now tell us how we are actually helping companies correct I am helping the companies we are saving the fuel we are doing all the analytics suppose you have 1000 metric tons which you need to upload on the truck so how to plan that truck we are using a 3D AI so that we can plan how to stop the truck so that we can have a maximum load in one truck or how to divide the load in different trucks that we have to use 50 feet truck or 40 feet truck or 50-70 feet truck so that's the AI which we are using and we are providing this to our customers your whole roadster management we are doing a route optimization for our clients through the technology they are able to create a minimum kilometers and minimum time so that's the AI which we are using and we are providing this service to the client hope you got the answer yeah, Ritesh coming to you I mean as a last mile logistics player I mean the same question to you how AI has actually helped you in transforming and utilizing the operations to a better efficiency so we at shadow packs we actually handle logistics starting from the first mile to the last mile and also we play in a lot of the hyper-local space now if I have to look at the role of technology in this overall e-commerce slash hyper-local logistics see there are three big reasons or three big areas one is the customer experience the second is the cost and third is a lot of fraud prevention now as a lot of these e-commerce players have proliferated into the bottom of the pyramid the lower threat of the population what we see is their understanding of adjusting a very simple example their understanding of how they write the addresses what kind of pin codes or areas they use in the language they use it is very very different and it differs from geography to geography if you look at Bangalore or South India versus go to Delhi and then go to up north in Punjab and all the way people write their addresses is so different half of the people don't even know their pin codes and a lot of logistics and some pin codes today now solving this problem itself is where for us AI or machine learning has played a big role in how to understand what the customer wants to say about an address where does his house is I think 2-3 years back when we were trying to solve this problem we had a huge number of shipments which were getting cancelled because we were sending it at wrong places because we couldn't understand their addresses altogether that's just one example of how we can influence a customer experience just by leveraging technology we talk a lot about cost optimizations obviously once the data is there you can run a lot of optimizations you can run a lot of I mean heuristic based optimizations as well and getting this cost, root optimization I mean we know all about that this is where a lot of cost gets come into the picture right planning, just taking one very simple example of you know the houses and logistics optimization can work out in a very very unpredictable demand scenario so if you are getting a lot of demand from 2 different geographies where you have to move goods you can at the real time you can optimize your routes which can save on fuel, which can save on cost which can save on customer experience because your trucks which are supposed to go 3 destinations in a single route can just navigate or go to one destination or you can split the destination, this is the demand variations which are happening between source and destinations thirdly I will talk about fraud and fraud dependency when you get into the e-commerce world whatever we say there is a lot of fraud which happens and it is not just a customer play there are so many parties involved you have sellers who are selling goods you have the trucks which are involved you have customers now these AI and ML it helps you figure out data patterns where you can actually capture who could be the possible fraud led agent here and in this world right now this is one of the biggest problem which we face of losses because of frauds and it happens but this is where technology plays a role in optimizing and being able to detect and then prevent and that is how some of the areas where we have been using there is a lot of automation which we can do which does happen this is where how it is helping us transform our world okay Nisha do you want to add to this I would just like to bring a very lay main definition of understanding of AI because that will probably give a drive some insights over it or maybe it will drive interest as well just imagine you have two pencils and if I ask you can you lend one pencil can you do that can you do that yes if you have something that you can lend it right if you have a skill if I ask you that please make other person to learn that skill can do that you can do that because you know the process how to learn that skill and then you can transform it but in all these things I am dependent upon you you have to give it to me you have to make other person to learn right I am dependent upon you what if I somehow capture your intelligence and I reuse whenever I want it then your dependency is reduced by one time right so artificial intelligence does something of that sort but for internet the raw thing is the data so what it does is it doesn't need mathematician it doesn't need any social engineer it doesn't need any economics it just knows that I have these data I have few algorithms available which try to understand the pattern he says the pattern if I define it more intuitively it try to define the relationship between those data what is happening between these two iso data let's suppose there is a supply chain farmer grows something he bought seed from somewhere then there was some climatic condition on which harvesting happens then it goes through some XYZ kind of logistics to the trader maybe from Monday to trader from trader to the food processing and then from food processing to and the supermarket and then from consumer so there is a chain towards it now if I have to make relationship between all these things to ensure or to deduce what kind of quality I am going to get I need a lot of skills I need a skill of agriculture I need a skill of mathematician I need a skill of logistics person but with AI I just need the data I don't need all those people it means intelligence become repeatable so that is the unique thing that AI does that if I have those tools available I can just put in the data and try to find the meaning out of it and test those meanings with respect to the unknown data and if it matches it means I have cracked it but how I have cracked it it is just a mathematics behind it which is working that I need not to know because it is just tool now so that is wonderful thing that AI is doing that it is making intelligence available to the end user to some extent


Oh welcome to ToffeeTV, it's the player ratings for Fleetwood Town, Neil Everton, one in the Carabog Cup. Toffee's through to the third round. Happy days, let's just get into it. Hasmir Begovic did all right, made a couple of decent saves, bit quiet night, no dramas, sound, 6.75 I have given him. Yeah, no issues at all. Done his job, come in and that's what you like to see from your back up goalkeeper. In the back three, Sheamus Coleman, good to have Sheamus back, good 90 minutes under his belt. Again, no real dramas, done his job, no issues. Yeah, Consummit Pro going all the way to the end, still getting up and down at the end. So again, I will give him a 6.75. I said no dramas for him either. Michael Keane, I thought Michael Keane done all right tonight. I think he done exactly what he needed to do, which was just header everything away. That's all he was in there to do, just header everything away and sort out any danger. I've given him a 7 because he did exactly what he was supposed to do. That's why you are from for games like this. Bring him in. Balls come into the box. You know they're going to try and be dangerous on set pieces and all those experience show tonight. And that kind of level suits them down to the ground. So again, fine, no issues. Rich Welch, good daddy got his debut, good to see Frank Lampard with the centre backs that he's got and the options he's got. Decided to throw him in and give him a go. Sometimes he's just got to do that and see what happens. See whether he sink or swim. He obviously thinks a lot of him and a couple of the other players and he'd be looking to see whether, he'd probably be looking to see as well whether in the next week or so whether if a bid coming from Michael Keane or something like that would you take it knowing that you had someone like that or would you throw him in again with that to see where he is and to see whether he needs to go on loan and all those kind of things. So good daddy got a game today. Good daddy got to start alongside James Coleman and Michael Keane. You know that's big for them as well. So listen, he didn't have a brilliant game. You could see that he's still a raw talent. Yeah, Nathan Patterson played 4 out of 4 now. Disappointing end to the season for him being injured for Scotland and obviously not getting an off finish in the season with the injury and then missing out on the playoffs of the World Cup. I'll give him a 7 up and down should have probably scored but it's rated the goalkeeper. Yeah, I think he's getting more and more sharp, getting sharper and sharper, adapting to the English game, the Premier League game. The Premier League is a step up from what he was playing. So yeah, no issues at all. I've given him a 7. Rhys Welch, sorry if it went off because it went off. Rhys Welch, I gave him a 6. He's leaning all the time. He's getting better. They need to just figure out what they're going to do with them next. Whether he stays, whether he goes on loan, we'll have to wait and see. So I've given Rhys Welch a 6. On the other side, Vanegrae, again, wasn't great tonight. He wasn't great. I want to see him. That left hand side just seems to be a struggle at the moment. We just don't seem to be getting anything like really creative out of it. So yeah, it's tough. It's always tough when it's your first game. It's always tough when it's your first start. And it's always the same when players come in and they're playing the League Cup and everyone just wants to boot them. So difficult night for him. I've given him a 6 and that might be being generous, but yeah, it's always difficult. It's always difficult and you're not up to speed with the level, even though he has played in English football before. But let's see what happens with him because he is more of a tack and player. That's why I was a little bit disappointed with him because I want to see more creativity from him in the box, getting the balls into the box and stuff. Onane. Yeah, first 19 minutes again, two weird cameos in the Premier League so far. So it was good that he got the minutes under his belt. Obviously he was supposed to start the game with Tom Davis and that would give him a little bit of more defensive cover, but Tom dropped out with an injury and then it became grey and then it really was just him and a woe. We essentially hit the midfield. So he did okay, not brilliant. They targeted, they tried to rough him up a little bit. They tried to boot him around a little bit, which some of them did catch him, some of them were naughty. He's still I think a little bit off the pace. He's playing his own game rather than the game that he needs to play the level that he needs to be after the English game. That'll take time. It was his first start. I remember when Fellaini came in and he's the only one I can really compare them to and Fellaini took ages and Fellaini actually took a change of position to get him up to the speed of being in the Premier League and how fast it is. He's going to have to adapt and if we want him to be a success, we're going to have to be patient with him.  People have a go at Tom all the time, but the last two Premier League games has been he's done his job perfectly well. People can slay them all they want, but he's a good squad player to have and would have cruised through tonight's game. So he's got to adjust very, very quickly and it will take him time. I can't imagine, well it's difficult to say where he'd start on Saturday. I wouldn't really start on but it depends what we've got. It depends what we've got. We'll have to see what we've got. Yeah, so I've given him a six. Alex O'Wobee, I think he was the best player on the pitch by a mile. He was everywhere. The ball just comes, somebody just sticks and he uses it so well and his passing was good and he's got an eye for a crossfield pass and he keeps it simple when it needs to be simple and he does something different. So I think O'Wobee started the season brilliantly and that position, he's, he really shows, he's really shown how kind of a good football he can be. He really is. He's shown all the attributes that we were told he had. Basically, you know, when people are talking about him in training, he's the best player in all this. Frank Lampard's really getting a tune out of him. So fair play to him and, you know, he's proved all the doubters, me included wrong. So got to keep that up, got to keep that level going and be a leader for the team. I think that's what you're seeing from him tonight. Tonight, he was in a game like this, you need someone that you can rely on to give the ball to. And tonight, he was that player. Anytime we were doing any kind of, not trouble as such, but when we were looking for the pass, he was always on. And yeah, he's done really well tonight. I've given him an eight. Dwight McNeil, disappointing performance I thought from him. Hasn't had a great start to his Evan Crier, apart from the friendly which Evan told me was Pelly in. And again, I thought he was disappointing tonight. You know, for someone who started the first two games and has played on Saturdays, well, I expect a lot more from him. He just, he doesn't, he's not got, he hasn't got any pace and he doesn't keep the ball well enough for me either. And I don't really see anything creative about him at all. So what have Evan really bought? That's the question, what have they bought? What kind of player have they bought? I don't really know. I don't really know what kind of player he is. I've given five and a half. I don't really know what kind of player he is. I don't know how he's supposed to fit into our team. I don't know what role he's supposed to have. If it's a, if he's supposed to be with a child or something, then wow. No, I thought I was very disappointed with him tonight. So he looks a bit of a confidence player as well, which I can't be doing with another one of them. So I'll give him a five and a half. Damari Grey, I've given a seven and a half, scored the win and go. For a player who just came off the bench and onto play, he done very, he done, he done well. Someone again, someone you look like you can rely on in a game like this does actually look better than the opposition, which doesn't always seem to be the case in the final third when you play teams lower, lower. So got the goal two in two now. That's fantastic. It's what we want. It's confidence building. He's back amongst the goals after being out of the game for so long. So fair play to him. Rondon was terrible. I don't know what you wanted to say. He was terrible. Everton will be relegated if he is our striker this season. They just will be. If he's our striker, we'll be relegated. So Everton needs to go out. I don't really want to talk about too much because he was just terrible. I've given a three. He's just woeful and Everton needs to go out and get a centre forward. Simple as that. Simple as that. Warrington come on, did well. Wanted the ball, was trying to play the ball around the corner. Looked alright. Real confidence when he's on the ball. And to be fair, you know, this is the team he's playing against tonight. He should be having no problem against really. So give him a six and a half. Tarkowski came on, just showed up the back line. I thought, as soon as he came on, I thought no one was going to get through us. So give him a six and a half as well. And Stanley Mills came on, did alright. Wasn't in the game that long. Good daddy got on the pitch. Looked comfortable on the ball. Not maybe really playing in his position. So I've given him a six. No problem at all. So we're through. That's the main thing. We're through. We've done our job. And we're on to the next round. And we're on to Bremford on Saturday. So we'll be in the final way tomorrow over on Toffee TV Premier. Join us if you can. Link is in the description and it will be on the screen when I finish. Yeah, there you go. Nothing more to say. Enjoy Paz's videos and I'll see you tonight.


So, so far we have discussed several properties of matrices from the concept of linear algebra and also we had seen methods to obtain Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a matrix which will be used in many applications including some of our algorithms in pattern recognition. The other important concept which is related to matrices and linear algebra is vector spaces. We must understand this because we will be seeing that most of the algorithms in pattern recognition they work in certain dimension in a certain space and there will be the concepts of projection on to certain lower dimension subspaces and what are the corresponding set of vectors or numbers which represent or what we call as span that space we need to have some understanding in this course a very elementary one before we proceed to algorithms in future lectures of pattern recognition. So what are vector spaces by definition by definition a real vector space V a real vector space V is a set of vectors together is basically set of vectors a collection of vectors together with two operations together with two operations and what are those two operations addition a scalar multiplication that means I should be able to add two vectors multiply a vector with a scalar quantity and when I do these two operations with the set of vectors which belong to the vector space V it should satisfy a set of properties that means this should work under the following conditions or properties which are also sometimes called axioms this is the very basic definition of vector spaces and we will give examples. So I will read again real vector space V is a set of vectors together with two operations what are the addition and scalar multiplication. So these two operations on the set of vectors should satisfy the following properties the each of these ten properties will give those ten names and the corresponding expression for that and we will try to go this as briefly as possible the first of them is called the closure and that is a very casual word which is used term which is basically used which says that U plus V if two vectors U and V are in the space V I did not write that we will also define what are the scalars so let us we talk about a set of vectors so assuming these two U and V are set of vectors then this is in V when you add two vectors U and V it is in V it is in this vector space V some books will write that this is in V I am using this symbol to indicate that the vector addition of these two vectors U and V which lie within the space their addition will also lie within this you could ask me a question about what is a vector usually in two dimensional or three dimensional space this is represented by a magnitude which indicates the length of a vector and some direction in the two dimensional space x comma y if you take this x and y two dimensional space now of course it will probably also have a direction or orientation or angle so this is a vector V I can have another vector U here I can have another vector U here of a different direction and I am sorry I should not use the V here that is wrong because V I have used for a vector space V I have used for a vector space and I am using small letters to indicate the corresponding vectors so I should write it as V you have a different angle and a different magnitude you can visualize this in 3D as well so you can visualize as if this is one vector V and you have another vector U so there are two vectors V and V in three dimensional space in this room of course in the field of pattern recognition we will be dealing with very large dimensional vectors we will be able to visualize in two or three and imagine beyond three in pattern recognition typically you have dimensions of hundred or few hundreds often millions in certain cases easy to visualize in two or three dimension so if U and V are lying within the set of vectors in the vector space V in two dimension the corresponding vector this will be U plus V this also lies within the vector space that is the idea which you have but let us look at the second property commutivity or commutivity okay which says that U plus V will give the same result if you add the vectors in the reverse order it does not matter in which order you add the vectors correct very close property with vector addition comes the associativity or also called associative property let us take three vectors U V and W then the question is which one do you add first well in this case let us say if you add these two first you get the same results as to be very correct you should add the corresponding vector sign to indicate that these are all vectors some books might use a bold sign to indicate these vectors in vector spaces some books on vector spaces we will actually might use a different symbol or a bold sign to indicate this is a vector I am using this arrow at the top to indicate this is a vector this is a vector space okay so there are a few others such properties or axioms as they are called for vector spaces I will quickly go to that okay I will write the properties of the equations and just write the terminology associated with it if this is 0 vector this is a property with a 0 vector which basically says that if you add a 0 vector either way you get the same result this is an element of addition identity element of addition when you have a 0 vector within a week the fifth one is called the inverse elements of addition it says that if you add the inverse of a vector basically add the vector in the reverse direction then you will get a null vector or a 0 vector as it is called sometimes called a null vector but 0 vector is probably the best way of addressing that the null word is used in some other space inverse elements of addition okay these are trivial ones then it is called a scalar if you have a vector u again you must put these vector signs all over if you have a scalar value c it is not a vector so I am not putting the vector symbol okay this is also in that means if you tap a vector u or v like the one which you have seen or w multiplied with a scalar quantity so far you have used u v w as vectors and we are going to use c at some other scalar quantity like c or d or a and b okay so this is also in v in the number 7 if you take two scalar multiplications it is also equivalent to doing something like this this is called commutability over scalar multiplications okay this is a simple scalar multiplication commutivity of scalar multiplication you can have a distributive property also of scalar multiplications with respect to addition so that means if you have a vector u and you multiply try to 1 multiply that with a quantity which is in addition of two scalars c plus dr scalar numbers like here see I have not put the vector sign then this can also be written as you can also write similarly which is the distributive property over scalar multiplication with respect to addition scalar multiplication with respect to addition of vectors this is called the distributive property and here it is called a distributive property of scalar both are distributive property of scalar multiplication with respect to additions actually the only difference is that you are distributing it over the vector addition here you are talking about multiplication with a vector that is the difference between the two and the last one it should also be there if you multiply it with a scalar quantity called 1 and the element of scalar multiplication you get the same so this ten properties are axioms combined with this definition that you have a set of vectors and there are two valid operations which you can do on any of these vectors in the vector space define your vector space define your vector space you must keep this in mind when you do any of these operations before going to discussions of more in detail about vector spaces which deals with vector subspace let us say there is a concept of span what is the span of basis vectors subspace basis vectors in span by the basis vectors we look at a couple of small examples of vector spaces so examples we of course go with numerical examples but the vector spaces can be span by even matrices so let an m 2 x 2 matrix given as a b c and a 4 elements which are all scalar quantities they are all real scalar quantities from the set of all possible matrices in fact possibly infinite set of matrices then the all set of matrices put together can form also a vector space that is also possible which also include the zero vector zero matrix this is also a valid vector within that vector space another example set P n of all polynomials of degree that must be given created than equal to n can also form a vector space of course set of all polynomials with degree less than equal to n also form a vector space of course there are some constraints which says that if the addition is defined by adding coefficients of certain polynomials like powers and scalar multiplication is multiplying each coefficient by a scalar so there are certain conditions which has to do with the coefficients of this polynomials and the corresponding power then they can also form but what it basically means is that the set of polynomials also can form a vector space so after introducing the concept of vector spaces we will extend our concepts further to sub spaces of vectors so what is a space as written here a subspace of a vector space V is another non-empty subset H it is a non-empty subset H that satisfy the following properties what are they first of all the zero vector of V is in H so if this zero vector in V it should be part of H as well and number two point if x and y belong to the subspace a subset H you are talking of a subset H which actually forms a subspace of V then the addition of those two vectors also will be in H which is the subset of vectors forming a subspace and if x belongs to the subset H correct then a scalar multiplying c is a scalar constant if you multiply the vector x by a scalar that also should be in H let us take an example now to understand this so let H be a vector given as say a and b are real numbers a and b are real numbers you have to show that H is a subspace of in three-dimension so the first thing which we can do is verify these three properties with respect to this H so if you take a zero vector in three-dimension that is possible with H because you are just have to set a and b both equal to zero that is just giving away take x and y belonging to H this also satisfies because if you just think of two vectors say a10 b1 as your x and let us say y is some other because they are lying within H say a20 b2 very simply what you do addition of these two vectors will give you very simply a1 plus a20 b1 plus b2 which is also within H that is very simple to find out the second property also holds good this is trivial to prove because you are just multiply these by scalars and still remains so this is a simple way to show that this forms a subspace of R cube because in R cube that is in basically in three-dimension space which I am casually calling here the subspace is in two-dimension because the second dimension will be equal to zero here this two of the components are acting so based on this the last concept which we are going to talk about is what you mean by basis vectors and what is its relation with the dimension of a vector space and what you mean by the basis vectors spanning a space or a subspace the relationship between basis dimension and span let us define the word basis basis is a set finite or infinite although we will be mostly worried about a dealing with finite basis set b where b consists of elements sorry not this way bi where bi are vectors so basis is a finite or infinite set b consisting of the set of vectors with some indices i typically taken from set of integers bi and typically often indexed by the set i sometimes you will such refer that this is the first vector second vector by the set of integers here that this that it spans that spans the whole set the whole space that means the set of vectors which form the set b it spans the whole space and is linearly independent the spanning the whole space this is a term which is casually used spanning the whole space means the following what does it mean spanning the whole space you must understand this and then this will probably be the spanning the whole space means that any vector v in the space which we are considering can be represented by a i b 1 spanning the whole space means writing a vector v in the space represented as a linear weighted sum of the basis vectors b 1 b 2 up to b 1 each of them multiplied by a corresponding scalar a 1 a 2 and so on up to a n and these are simply scalars of course there is a constraint of linear dependence and independence here which will come to that between the basis vectors bi's but the spanning of the whole set means that this combination represents any arbitrary vector v and given a vector v as long as a unique combination of these a is you can actually form another vector like this with the coefficients a 1 a 2 up to a n which is found by the coefficients of of these basis vectors as long as this combination of the coefficients are unique then you have linear independence of the basis vectors that means the basis vectors can be linearly dependent or independent I will give examples of that using a figure but if they are linearly independent then I can find a unique set of a i's to represent any arbitrary vector v however if that if the basis vectors are dependent then I can have several combinations a non-unique set of combinations of these coefficients here to represent an arbitrary vector v okay let us take an example the most simplest case of basis vectors which we have in three-dimensional space could be our x y z very simply in three dimension this is corresponding to three-dimensional basis vectors correct this can be extrapolated to n dimension also saying that each consists of elements here is a three elements in each in elements in each and look at the if you look at this is a matrix then we simply can identity matrix with the diagonal trace of one the rest of all zeros and these are examples classic examples of linearly independent basis vectors I repeat linearly independent basis vectors which span the corresponding dimension in this case this spans the space of dimension n okay if you just take this combination then you are talking of two dimensional space x and y coordinates okay and if you want me to write this I will just rub off this example in this particular form this in this particular form will indicate that as if I have something like the components of v as v1 v2 and so on up to vn is the components of an n-dimensional vector and I can write this as equal to select in this form say a1 then 1 0 0 0 plus a2 0 1 0 so on which is wrong I am writing v1 v2 vn are replaced by this corresponding vectors e1 e2 in which I just wrote and since these are linearly independent if I take an arbitrary vector v with corresponding components then I need to have unique set of a is which will represent this vector however there may be a case where if I do not have linear independent in the basis vectors of bi's or the i's as given here or maybe even here these are the cases where they are linearly independent means I cannot represent any basis vector as a linear combination of the others anyone cannot represent others then these will be unique and there will be cases when they are not linearly independent that means they are linearly dependent rather than being orthogonal like this then I will not have a unique set I can have several a is to represent this vector I will show stop with one example in 2d in two-dimensional space x, y let us say these are my e1 e2 so this is say 1, 0 so I am talking of two-dimensional space here and then I have e2 here which is equal to 0, 1 then I take another set let us say so with this what it basically is if I have a vector v and I want to represent this vector v with two components v1, v2 as a linear combination of e1 and e2 I have to just project it along both the dimensions and find out the length of the components along e1, e2 and that will give me my corresponding coefficients which will be unique in the sense that I will not have any of the two components and plug it into here and represent that vector v that is not possible but if I do not have linear independence that means the vectors are linearly not independent of another that means it is something like a drawing let us say here is one such vector there is another vector here which I write as well I let this is f1 and this is f2 like you had e1 and e2 you are having e f1 and f2 and you follow the same principle basically what you need to do is this is the point p which represents the vector v and as you projected along e1 and e2 you need to do the same thing so to project along f2 you have to travel along orthogonal to this so I will use the same color and to project along this direction here this is also a representation but this one be a unique representation why will not be a unique representation because the two components f1 and f2 are not orthogonal to each other that is number one that means you can represent f1 in terms of f2 actually or vice versa and so you will have many combinations possible actually what you can do now is if you can represent f1 as a function of f2 then you are able to represent v as a function of only f1 or f2 by itself you do not need both and that shows the reason of the linear independence here of the x and y if you take this to be two axis e1 e2 with respect to f1 f2 so this v is some alpha 1 f1 plus alpha 2 f2 versus if you write the other one which is v equals beta 1 e1 plus beta 2 e2 this one is a unique representation with beta 1 e2 because the e1 e2 actually are linearly independent basis vectors spanning the two-dimensional space this is not but you can represent them you can still represent by a non-orthogonal set f1 f2 which are not linearly independent that is also possible typically in most representations a talk of this support and this basis and in that particular case we will say that the e1 and e2 spans the entire subspace in two-dimension that means all vectors v in two-dimensional space can be represented by a linear combination like this on the two basis vectors e1 and e2 so that is what is the mean so the two-dimensional space can be visualized as a subspace in three-dimension and three-dimension space for certain higher dimensions so we stop here with this and hope this knowledge helps you to understand principles of pattern classification and pattern recognition.


Good morning, everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stockswashingamhere review in Facebook. This is gonna be a big trade. I mean it already is a good trade. I figured that this was gonna have a big move. This is gonna be a big call. I told my students that I actually told everyone in the room to add to the trade.  And I had called the 160 and 155 puts on this day and I had lectured about this every single solitary day last week. This is really gonna be a big trade. People killed the trade. Some people killed the trade with a loss and every day I lectured it was gonna work. Then it gapped down and people were still in it. I said if you wanted to add some people did some people got so worried about it. They got out of it here with profit. The people that kept it through. Some people held it. It dropped, it dropped.   So this has the potential to run. Not every trade has a huge target. Some have the potential for that. I definitely can see when that's happening. This is one of them. Okay, and the the puts were called out till October 12th. So it's got, you know, more than a week to go. But I did tell everyone, listen, this is a monster move to dig it out of it today because you just never know. And it looks like it could. Looks like it possibly could. And so it was hysterical because this morning I talked to an option subscriber and he was worried about this bar yesterday and said I had a big rally, which was so not true. So anyways, here it is. It's working today. You actually could have day-traded this. This is not what I do as far as looking for the gap. This gap would not have rated well. It is falling through on the putt. But anyways, good, good lesson here. Good lesson here for everyone because I lectured about this every day last week as a stock pushback and rallied and some people are missing out on a huge trade because they lost conviction and killed it. Killed it with a loss. So long and short of it is that this looks great. This is lower. This is going to be a big trade. This is watch the trade today. This was an outstanding call that I made and we're just going to see where it goes here. So good luck everybody that is still in it and particularly if you're up a lot of money in it, you got to watch the trade today. Have a good day, everyone.


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Thank you for joining us this afternoon for the joint media address with the Prime Minister Huakala Meliku, Minister Wang and Minister Otwe Kamanu. This is Minister Wang's first official visit to Tonga and her third Pacific bilateral engagement since being sworn in as Australia's new foreign minister. It is an absolute honour to have you here, minister. There will be a short media question that's opportunity at the end, so I thank you for your patience. And without further ado, I would like to invite Prime Minister to deliver his speech. It is a great pleasure for me to welcome to the Kingdom of Tonga. For the very first time, Excellency Beniwong, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Australia. Minister, once more allow me to congratulate you on your recent appointment. I ask the Honourable Minister to convey his Majesty's Government and my warm congratulations to the Prime Minister of Australia, Honourable Anthony Arpanisi, on his election. I extend it through the Minister and the invitation to him to visit the Kingdom of Tonga in the near future. Australia and Tonga enjoy a deep and long-lasting friendship. Our respective diplomatic missions continue to maintain and enhance the ties between our two countries. The people of the Kingdom of Tonga and his Majesty's Government are deeply grateful for the helping hand the Australian Government extended to us immediately after the Honga Tonga, Honga Haapai volcanic eruption and the tsunami. Australians with response came at a critical chance. Thank you for the assistance, Minister. Whenever we face with the presence of COVID-19, again Australia extended a helping hand to us. Mahalo Australia. This morning the Foreign Minister was received in an audience with his Majesty, King Tuberta VI at the Royal Palace. We also had very fruitful and frank discussions. She also had a bilateral meeting with her counterpart, Honourable Fikita Moelua Utoika Manu. My cabinet and I have just been hosted to a cultural talanoa by the Minister. The Honourable Foreign Minister Wong decided to visit us two weeks into her appointment, this is a clear sign of the Australian Government's strong commitment to strengthening our bilateral relations and engagement with our region. We are particularly pleased with the Australian Government's recognition that climate change is an extensional threat, including to the security of our islands. We are pleased to learn of Australia's effort to reduce carbon emissions and increase the share of renewable energy. We islanders over generation know how it is making us strong. It is only through shared collective efforts as bilateral partners and members of our cherished Blue Pacific region that we can tackle the climate crisis and many other pressing challenges of our times. This includes COVID-19 and economic and social challenges ahead. Australian aid has always played a significant role in the Kingdom of Tonga's development. Today the Foreign Minister reiterated the Australian Government's commitment towards its bilateral assistance to the Kingdom of Tonga. We commend the size and the outreach of the program and look forward to our continued joint efforts to achieve our development priorities including education, health, defense, trade, police and democratic governance. The Minister and I had the opportunity to look at a range of renewed and strengthened areas for our partnership. This includes the increased OGA to the Pacific, the expanded opportunities for Tongan workers in Australia and improving trade through supporting our private sector to export their products to Australia. I thank Minister Wong for the generous assistance of Australia to the implementation of his Majesty's Government Recovery Plan efforts from the Tonga-Tonga-Hungahapai volcanic eruptions. Such assistance does underline Australia's commitment to the long-term recovery efforts of his Majesty's Government to build back better and to build a better future. Yes, there are marked differences between our two countries. More importantly though, there are common strengths that bind us. They include respect for democracy, the rule of law and the rights and freedoms of others. This remains the important tenets of our relations. His Majesty's Government looks forward to continuing cooperation with the Australian Government and pursuing new opportunities. We look forward to further strengthening our friendly and cooperative relations in the years to come for the benefit of our people. I would now like to invite Minister Wong to deliver her address. Thank you very much, Prime Minister. I appreciate very much your kind words. It is a real honour to be received by the King and then the Prime Minister, my counterpart, the Foreign Minister and members of the Cabinet in this visit. And the Prime Minister is right. This is an early visit and the reason is we wanted to be very clear about the importance of our relationship with the Kingdom of Tonga, its people, and more broadly our relationship with the Pacific. Before I go to some of the issues discussed and the broader bilateral relationship, can I say in person how saddened we were and shocked we were by the volcano and tsunami that your people have endured? We have quite a number of Tongan Australians, the Tongan diaspora, who were very worried about family and friends. We had a lot of focus from Australia about what was occurring. Thank you for your kind words about Australian assistance. Can I just say we are grateful or glad that the assistance was of benefit to you. And we hope we can continue to work together on the reconstruction. More broadly, in terms of the new Australian government, we were elected less than two weeks ago and we were elected with a very clear position that we would put in more energy and more resources, bring new energy and more resources to our relationship with the Pacific. We also were elected with a very clear position on climate change and I speak as someone who was once the climate minister for Australia many years ago, that the Australian people have voted for a government and a parliament that is supportive of more ambitious action on climate change and that is what we will do at home and in the world. But I do want to say to you that the experience of your country and the experience of Pacific Island nations, the real present national security, economic and existential risk and threat, which is the climate change that you are experiencing, gives you a powerful voice in the world and in the region on this issue and we have heard that and we will work with you. We also have announced a number of other policies which the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister and other ministers and I discussed and I'm happy to deal with them in questions but in terms of our new energy and more resources into the Pacific we are keen to build on what is already a deep and strong relationship with changes and improvements to the Pacific Labor schemes which I know are of relevance to Tonga as well as climate resilience that is infrastructure recognising the risk of climate change that we are dealing with. I want to say I have learnt a lot in this time I have been here. I am trying to work out how I get a tala noa in the Australian parliament, maybe not so possible. I also was very privileged and I thank them publicly to be an audience for three haka. That was a really wonderful warm colourful Tongan welcome and I thank your people and your government for the welcome we have received. We have a deep friendship it will continue. Thank you very much. Thank you minister. I would now like to invite questions from the media. Thank you for the opportunity and welcome to Tonga. Congratulations on your recent appointment Minister Wong. I am Vyfa Ndobola from the Tonga Broadcasting Commission. Besides the issue of climate change and other policies discussed with the Prime Minister, my question is most of the people in the Pacific and Tonga is included are seeking opportunities to work and live in Australia but filing and completing paperwork for residential visas is quite expensive. Many of our people are overstayers in Australia. How would Australia help our people and enable them to file their residential visas or permits while in Australia? Yes that issue has been raised with me and we are happy to look at are there ways in which we can assist people with the existing processes. But I did want to emphasise a couple of changes. A couple of changes to our labour schemes and migration arrangements which maybe of interest to your readers or listeners, sorry, viewers, everything listeners. The first is we want to put in place a Pacific engagement visa which would be an annual intake for permanent residents from the region. So they could permanently migrate with rights to go backwards and forwards obviously. It's modelled on a New Zealand, similar New Zealand programme and it is about building the people to people links we share with the Pacific. Now that is for the whole Pacific. I said to the Prime Minister and his ministers that we would work with the Government of the Kingdom of Tonga and other countries, other governments around how those engagements are, how those details can be designed to best serve the interests of both parties. We've also said on the Pacific labour schemes for the longer visa that we would allow, we will make changes to allow families to accompany. Which obviously is something that's been raised with us by many stakeholders. So we will work through that obviously. That was an election policy, it's a government commitment and we'll work through the details of that. Welcome to Tonga Minister. Thank you. I'm waiting for, are you going to give him a question? I just want to follow up on your statement. I take it you are a newly elected Minister but just at this stage what are some changes that the Australian Government is looking at addressing or assisting the Pacific region in two or four front issues such as climate change and regional security? Thank you, yes you're right we were elected less than two weeks ago but we did go to the election with quite a detailed policy in relation to the Pacific. Additional development assistance over and above what had been budgeted for. Additional labour scheme, an additional visa class and more I suppose you'd call generous labour scheme places. We also went to the election with a commitment to use some of our existing infrastructure funding for climate resilient infrastructure recognising that the reality of climate change, the reality of extreme weather events and I think this is something Tonga understands. The prevalence of those will increase and so one of the things we can do is work with you on more climate resilient infrastructure. In terms of the security of the region we're very blessed to have a partnership with your government on these issues. As a member of the Pacific family I think what we would say and I think it's the same position that your government has articulated. We want regional security to be dealt with, to be the responsibility of the Pacific family of which we are apart and we will continue to engage with our friends, our partners in the region, we will respect and we will encourage others to respect the regional architecture. There was a reason why my first speech and my first visit, I'm sorry it wasn't to Tonga Prime Minister, but was to Fiji to the Pacific Island Forum and I did that deliberately to make a clear statement about the centrality of that forum and the centrality of Pacific architecture to dealing with a world that is more challenging and what I'd say is my side of politics in Australia, we believe we are stronger together and we will bring that to our foreign policy as well. Thank you. Just a question and thank you for making time to meet us, Honorable Minister. When does immigration to Australia for Pacific Islanders become easier? For instance, it's far more easier to apply for a visa to the USA and get multiple for 10 years than Australia, no matter how many times we've been, we have to go through the process. Marlo? I think your colleague here asked me a question where I touched upon those issues, but just to say again, one of our policy commitments is to a Pacific engagement visa, 3,000 permanent residency places per year from the region because we're conscious of the deep personal and familial ties between people, not just the Tongan diaspora but the Pacific diaspora more broadly and the region and we see that as one of the ways, not the only but one of the ways in which we can facilitate that and build on that. I would also say I think the labour schemes, the longer term labour scheme, people bringing their families to Australia, that doesn't deal with all of the issues you're raising but it does deal with some of them because it does mean that people's families won't have to keep coming backwards and forwards through the pathways you're describing. Just a question Honourable Minister Wong, there are some major areas of concern affecting trade development for Tonga such as shipping, energy cost and decreasing of local labour force due to the seasonal work scheme which a lot of our workforce have and still seasonally work in Australia. What will Australia do differently in the short term to assist? The first thing we'll do is listen because I think each Pacific country, Pacific Island nation will have a set of issues it wants us, wants consideration of in the context of the design of those labour schemes and the Prime Minister has raised with us, if he doesn't mind me saying this, you've got a number of economic and social objectives, you have the economic and social objective of reconstruction and development but at the same time there's an immediate economic benefit to remittances for your domestic economy and designing the scheme in a way that reflects the balance, I think was the phrase the Prime Minister used, you've got to balance those objectives, we're very happy to engage with your government on what that looks like just as we will engage with Samoa and Fiji on their perspective about the best way to design those programs. I've shared with the Minister the challenges that we face like what you raise some of the social issues due to the separation of families and so forth and the commitment, the new commitment from the new government especially about the new visa, hopefully that will address or mitigate some of that issue so that families doesn't have to be separated for six or nine months, they can be together in Australia and return a number of times. At the same time I believe it's not what Australia should be changing but what we both talk in Australia should work together and find what's acceptable for them and us as you raise too, we're having some issues with reconstruction because we don't have the workers, most of them are somewhere in New Zealand or Australia but again I believe it's both government need to actually work together to actually see not only their parents in there but also looking at what is acceptable for both Tonga and Australia. Honourable Wong, you have come to Tonga at the right because we just heard the Prime Minister outline our budget for 2020 to 2023 and there are so many issues there that depends on the bilateral programs between the two government of Australia and Tonga but you mentioned something about the resource energy, is there a specific area that you're going to help Tonga in the resource energy? Well the point I'd make about development assistance in the areas of cooperation is that the approach we will and should take is one where we are guided by the priorities of the nation and we work through those priorities together to work out where it is we can assist or support or facilitate, whether it's renewable energy which is obviously there's an energy policy that the government has which we've provided some support for renewables previously and whether or not we can do more there so we will work through the various priorities that the government's articulated and see where we are able to work together and how support or assistance can be structured. I would say I think this goes to the nature of the relationship as much as to the outcomes. I think we are not a government or a country that wants to come in and tell you what you should do. We want, we see it in our interests as part and part of our responsibility as a member of the Pacific family to work with you and that's the approach we'll take. Can I ask one last question please? Minister Wang. This concludes the event for today. Thank you so much for attending and thank you for your questions. Thank you to the Prime Minister, Foreign Minister and Foreign Minister for your attendance today and for sharing those wonderful messages to the Kingdom of Tonga and to Australia. Mala apipa of Atom.


Happy Monday, everybody. Welcome back on the lovely 11th of June. How's everybody doing? Hopefully you've already enjoyed their weekend. Good to see you all. Good morning to you too, Dave, Ron, Paul. Good to see you, Jeremy. Good to see you. Look at all the marks, Steven. Good to see you all. Lita. All right, Paul, everyone. Excellent. And all the cyber traders coming in. Welcome. All right. So, guys, hopefully everybody had a beautiful weekend. It was gorgeous here in New York. Looks like it's going to be a nice, nice week.   And, you know, this presidency has been the most volatile presidency I've seen. You know, last time I saw some big things that happened this when President Obama was here was when we had the 2008 crash and then, you know, with all the gun shootings and then with the IRA and, you know, made all those gun stocks take off.  And I think a lot of people are going to be holding off to see how that plays out. And then also, you saw what happened to G7. I mean, the G7 was unbelievable, you know, and it's going to cause great volatility in all types of markets. So guys, just fasten your seatbelts, you know, regardless, just don't let your political beliefs get involved into trading. It's one thing I've learned in anything, you know, whatever you roll in the same market, we're trading together, you know, even if there's a company that you can't stand and you would do business with it, you know, it's like saying, you know what, I would never buy a Shake Shack burger. It's, you know, it's, it's not healthy this and that. But you know what, the stock, when it goes from 20 to 70, you know, what are you going to stick with?  Remember, we're in the business to make money. So always keep that in mind. That's why we're here every day. We're here to work very hard to kind of focus on what's happening in the market. Very, very important that you guys always remember that because, you know, we teach that in class and you see it every day in the market. So we strict on trading on momentum, you got to trade on momentum. So I think it's going to happen. Things are not going to be too volatile. There are a couple of good stocks this morning that are making some moves. You could see that. But I don't think the brand names are really going to take off as much. All right. But let's go over a couple of them. Benio says IQ is being watched. Let me tell you, I want to go over some of those stocks yesterday. But did you guys see what happened in IQ after the close? I mean, right at the close, somebody dumped probably, I don't know, maybe a few million shares in that stock. And the thing just went from like 35, dropped the way to 33, just shows you, you know, and here the stock goes from 3050 all the way to 35. And, you know, it took all day to get there. Actually, it only took about 70% of the move was only in the first hour and a half. Like what we do. But yeah, all those stocks are doing great.  That was great. 2028 to 35. I mean, all these stocks that we're in right now are doing great. So let's keep a close eye on them. Remember, these are, you know, swing traders, swing trades, not more day trades. I mean, sometimes they become a day trade, but they're very, very volatile. All right. So once again, there was a lot of other ones that were a little bit better, a little bit more controllable. You know, let's just bring some of them like the SFIX. That was in terrible, went from 2050 to 26. Nice big move, you know, kind of had that nice little run right at the close, where I ran from 23 all the way to 2550. That one was pretty good. The BILI, I know Benio just brought that up earlier, but it started to make a little bit move. That was a nice little move on Friday. Went from 16 to 19. Stock was $10 just a lesson a month ago. So up a double, you know. So a lot of good moves in the market. Shockingly, on the Friday, when a lot of people are not really sticking around for the summer weekend, you know, they're going away. You know, we had some good volatility, which was pretty awesome. Anyway, let's go over a couple of things that are moving, that are moving this morning that we've been watching since this morning.  And I didn't see that much that was going on. Typical Monday, remember, hump day is Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. But there were a couple of them that I do want to bring up, the RO, so get your pen and paper ready. The one that I've been watching this morning that's kind of making that nice little push. It's got a couple of nasty shakes right here. But this one looks like one of the nicest ones so far. It's up 36%. Everyone should have got in right around $1.80, $1.90. You know, it's got great iceberg orders. I mean, look at that, 14,000 shares. Look here on the matrix, it's gorgeous. And it backs off pretty quickly, but you've got to make sure you're buying it at those support levels. But, you know, let me tell you, this is not no level one stock.  The BILL is going to go back on the watch list because it had a nice little push. Let's see how she opens up, even though she's kind of flat right now. But she is holding at the highs, which always kind of, when we're learning in class, how to actually find things that have a push going into the close for the following day. This was actually one of them, one to keep an eye on that one. NNDM is another one that I found. This stock kind of like had some really good volatility from $7.30 to $2 to $2.60. Built at support levels, I think I called it out early. I said, you know, that NMMD is kind of holding pretty strong. Guys, stock traded 2.3 million shares already. Look at all the orders on the matrix. I mean, this thing has got orders everywhere. So far, it's probably in the 2 category. Probably give it a 1. Let's see how she opens up with all that volume. But the stock looks really, really good right there. The RFIL, another one that's got a great push. I know some of you guys have been looking at it earlier. You've got to be careful with some of these stocks. This is a scalping stock, first of all.  So it's going to be in the 3 category immediately. But you've got a beautiful fossil flag that kicked in there. You could see it gorgeous right there.  Nice little push right there. Great, great stock. OCC is another one that I found this morning.  Just be concerned. It's a scalping stock and it's got a big spread. So you always got to keep in mind in that. All right. What do I wear else on that? Did I say the RCII that I put that one out there? Okay, this one, up 4%, million shares already traded. A little bit on the slow side. And I know some of you have mentioned also the TEVI. Great move on Friday. You can see how it went from 21 to 20, 2180 to 23, 20 stocks at the highs. You know, once again, another thing that is kind of piggybacking how we kind of look at BILI. Now some of you guys look at a couple other ones right now.  I mean, Ken says the AXON did pretty well on that one. You know, once again, it's up 7%, 400,000 shares traded. Stock kind of had a great run the last couple of days.  I don't know as of right now going into the open, but if you did pretty well on it, we can keep an eye on it. We could throw on the watch list, but to me it's more second protocol. The AXON. Guys, we did so well with that stock, right? I mean, two to six, come on, that's what we trained for. Great little move right there. What else? Benio says the S-E-S-N-E-S. Yeah, that one, great push right there.  It's very, very volatile. You can see it, this stock went from 50 cents all the way up to about $2. I mean, it's literally all over the place, but it's got some good supports and resistance levels. So we could watch it, but the volume is there. So that one's not bad. The S-N-E-S. What else do we have there? Yes, the HUYA, that one I already have on the watch list. Oh my God, this thing just has such a push. You know, the HUYA trades very good with IQ. So they're all moving really, really nicely. Looks like the HUYA is moving a little bit more. I think less people know about the HUYA than IQ. IQ has been getting a lot of advertising on the stations and emails and, you know, new services. But yeah, this one also pretty damn strong, you know? So, but once again, guys, the great day trade, but it's more of a swing trade. All right, we'll keep an eye on that. All right, anything I'm missing I did not call out. What's wrong with the cybertrainuniversity.com says privacy error, not secure. Yeah, Ken, actually, the IT guys are kind of fixing it right now, SSL kind of gets expired every year and apparently the IT guys are on top of it. We didn't get an alert, so we apologize to guys that had an issue on the website, but we're taking care of that right now. All right? You shouldn't have the message anymore, we just got on the process of working it out right now. It'll be resolved. All right, in the meantime, guys, we got everything we got. Listen, I know we have a lot of members that are starting today. Just please keep in mind, you know, look, listen and learn. Also, make sure you talk to your education advisor. Hopefully you watched your videos over the weekend so you don't get confused and says, you know, you think this is too fast, trust me, this is not too fast for anyone.  Remember, that is 25,000 stocks out of trade. So, you know, we call, it's just got to know how to play the game. So sit back and learn, because it is for everyone, but not for, you know, but it's not for everyone if you're not gonna do it the right way.  In the meantime, everyone, good luck today, happy trading, and if there's anything new out there, like we always say, see something, say something. Good luck, everyone, happy trading.