Hello, everyone. It's your girl, Kancy here from Layton Sports Cards and I'm ripping 21-22 top two eighths at Champions League Stadium, Club Chrome Soccer, Hobby 4 Box Break, number 12, Random Teams. Here's a look at the random results. Again, you can always find these at LaytonSportsCards.com underneath the results tab and the link is also in chat for you. Best of luck, everyone. Thank you. Thank you. Again, we've got one more of these up next. I think I said 13 to go on that one. Let's get that one filled up and then shortly after we will start Merlin. I do appreciate all the support getting these breaks filled up. Teams a lot helps us out. So definitely appreciate that. Again, we have limited spots left for Merlin. Those spots coming in very quickly too. A lot of people are looking forward to that, the checklist and that is just crazy. Messi, Ronaldo, KGB, Holland Autos. We've got Refractor Rookie of Verdeo for LifeZig. It is not. It looks like it could be a variation though. That's funny. I'm carrying a little mini goal around. All right. Let's see if I got it. Again, one more of these running it back up next. Glimpse of Gold of Graviton for LifeZig Rookie Refractor. Real-time Refractor Phil Foden. Benzema. What a suit. Right. I don't even know that pink or purple or mix them both. It's a funky suit. Yeah, that's why I was like, I haven't seen too many short prints in this forest. That Gavi is nice. Jake was saying that's a couple hundred dollars. Championship contributions of Karim Benzema for Real Madrid. Felix, I really want to pull one of those Renaissance inserts. Real-time Raheem Sterling Refractor. That looked like a scene glass at a moment. Short print case hit. Those look sick. We've got Pino for Villarreal on the Refractor. Back underwent surgery and very next day, trying to get him back as quickly as possible. That's for sure. Ooh, we've got negative here of Donoroma for PSG. That is 257 of $2.99. Slangomas. Rookie Refractor Noodle Mendez for PSG. Real-time Refractor Messy. Yeah, we ship worldwide. International shipping is once a month, Raz. We've got championship contributions of Martinez for Milano. Once a month, it is free shipping. You are just subject to any taxes, tariff, or import fees that your country may charge you. Once a month for international. And if you use like a Ship My Cards kind of program, it's once a week on Tuesdays. We've got Refractor Otto Robin Gossens for Milan. Gossens for Milano. Just got Milano. Joshua R for AC Milan. Yeah, absolutely. No worries at all. We've got Green Abrella for Milano. That one is 118 out of 199 on the Green. Yes, we are based in Central Florida. We've got Red and Pink of Adamu for Salisbury. We've got a Pinot for Villarreal CF. That is 47 of 75. Shoot an arrow there, it looks like. All right, last pack, box one. We've got Kunde Refractor for Silva. Base. All right, box two. Let's see where we are on number 13. 11 to go. Spot's coming in here. Thank you all so much. 11 go. There is the link for you. One more stadium club break before we get into Merlin. We've got Rookie Felix Mambenbi for Young Boys. That yellow is so hard to read. Isn't it? I can barely see the team name against that. Yeah, everyone, we've got soccer all morning long. Of course, we'll be ripping group breaks tonight. Starting at five, we've got a couple of soccer breaks, and then he'll move into baseball, basketball, and football. Big release safe Friday as well for some baseball. 2022 Topps Chrome Baseball Real Time for Terry. And also we've got some um, and um, we've got Green Sadio Mane for Liverpool. That is 115 out of 150. Right now, you can see the box in that hand. Pregnancy green is real. I'm thinking something until we forget. Championship Contributions of Timo Werner for Chelsea. Immaculate. That's the word I'm looking for. My goodness. Immaculate Baseball as well on Friday. Geez. Glimps of Goldrefractor Eric Garcia for Barcelona. One of my favorite products to rip. Baseball always has really nice patches in it too. Really nice acetate cards. Spilt Foden Refractor for Man City. Real Time Rookie Refractor of Sousage. Soccer all morning long. Fat all morning long. Get into the new release of Merlin here shortly. We've got one more Champions League Stadium Club Chrome up next. Let's get that one filled up. Again, 11 to go in that one. Four box, Reigning Team 64.99 a spot. Mbappe. Rookie Refractor of Adumu. Salisbury. Clips of Gold Pinot for Villarreal. Elliot. Championship Contributions of Lukaku for Chelsea. Real Time Refractor Paul Pogba. Yep, we ship worldwide. Free shipping worldwide. You're just subject to any taxes, tariffs, or fees that your country may charge you. But yeah, free shipping worldwide. We ship once a month internationally. Nice, you got Petriardo Auto for Barcelona. Very nice. Here you go, Barcelona. Who's got Barcelona? Zach K. There you go, Zach. That's a nice one. Not numbered on that. Sick. Mason Mounts. So cool to see where everyone tunes in from all over the world. We've got red and pink of Chelsea at Juventus. People literally all over the world that buy into the break. So that's so cool to see the support around the world. All right, a couple more packs here for box two. Got Refractor, Karim Benzema. Nice one there, Real Madrid. And green of Cunde for Sevilla. 124 of 199. Polisik. Five. Box two. Base. Box three here. Let's see where are we on this next break. Still 11 to go, everybody. 11 to go on this next one. Let's get that filled up. Breaks right after this. Got a glimpse of Gold Rookie Refractor Gabi for Barcelona. There is the link for you. Thank you, Jake. 11 to go. Breaks right after this one. Real Time. Georgino. Stadium Club Chrome before we get into the Merlin. KDB. We've got Championship Contributions of Memphis DePay for Barcelona. Greenish. Neymar with Naldo. Puller and Naldo Auto. That would be crazy if we pull one of those out of Merlin. Rookie Refractor of Cisco for Salzburg. And negative of Zavi for Barcelona. 231 of 299. Barcelona with some nice cards. Yeah, beautiful looking card. Base. All right, second half here. Refractor of Cellini for Juventus. Coco. Oh yeah, nice. We've got Contributions of Dominic Zabozli for Leipzig. And we've got Gold Contributions. Muhammad Salah for Liverpool. Eight out of 50. Nice one there. I don't think I've seen a numbered parallel of these contributions. Really nice. Liverpool. Austin T. You go Austin. Very nice. Those look sharp. What product was it out of fat? He's got autos in Merlin too. Colin does. Tony the checklist in Merlin is just crazy. Got Green. Memphis DePay for Barcelona. 10 out of 199. And one more of these up next. Let's get that filled up. Still spots remaining. Rookie of Jonathan David for Los Fili. We've got a David Trezguet for Juventus. There is a little bit of a damage right here. It's hard to see. There you go. The light right there. We will go ahead and send a box here with Juventus. Joshua R. And last box here. Box three. Messy. Got real time refractor of Cisco Rookie. Mount and lane. All right. Box number four. Nine to go. Nine to go. Let me tweet it out real quick. Yep. Great. Just saw that. Thank you so much for hopping in. What's up? You're going to probably want to push your schedule back a little bit. You would say you're still calling the next break or whatever. Yes. So push it a little bit. You said? Well, yeah, we also don't have it rolling. Okay. We're still waiting for it to get here. Gotcha. So. Okay. Yeah. Yeah, we still have nine. Yeah, everything we can. It was supposed to be here yesterday. So I'm sitting here kind of twiddling my thumbs waiting for this stuff to get in. Okay. I think four different people looking into it for me right now. Okay. Sounds good. Yeah, let's start at 1210. Okay. Which break do you want? 12? Um, yeah. We got one more after this. Right. The one more is supposed to start at 1120. It's all in 42. So we're gonna have to adjust your schedule. Okay. We've got beam team insert of Kama Vinga. Nice one there. 105 of 199. Real Madrid. That's sick. Real Madrid is Huang J. There you go. On the beam team. These beam team insert autos have been sick. 105 of 199. Big players too. Very nice. We'll mag that one for you. I think a fourth fold of a messy on one of those beam team inserts. Pretty sure. Pulled some some big names out of those. Susage for Salisbury on the rookie refractor. We've got real-time refractor of Aaronson. Holland. Hernandez. Refractor of Stony for Milano. That's cool. We've got night vision of Maldini for AC Milan 167 of 175. Such cool cards. Sam told me the parallel the other night. I was like, that's it makes it like 10 times cooler. Night vision. Like I look at this and I think of like cod. Don't you? Like with the night vision scope and stuff like that.  Really cool. Griezmann. Neymar. All right. Nice one here. Messi for PSG on the championship contributions. Real-time refractor Sonny. Dowsky. We've got rookie refractor of Sabachu for Young Voice. This rookie refractor there. Neymar Ronaldo. We've got championship contributions of Ronaldo for Manu. Nice. You got Ronaldo and Messi on those contributions as box. Very nice box overall. And that nice insert auto. We've got Benzema. Real Madrid negative 236 of 299. You got Real Madrid. Hwang Jae. Another nice hit there for a man. Poco. Got Pink and Red. Benzema. Man, what a Real Madrid box here. We've got Aqua Wave. Miguel Nowar. Neymar for Bayern Munich. 72 out of 250. Pack slapped. Yeah, it's not sick. Very nice one there. You're the one who pulled the Messi on the on that insert auto. Weren't you for us? We've got a Donorama on the refractor. PSG. Noir. Okay. That EU trips me up on a lot of these names. Noir. All right.  We have the Gravenberts for Iax Grimms of Gold Refractor. Jones. All right. Another solid four boxer. All right. Let's do a recap again. We had the gold championship contributions. Mohamed Salah for Liverpool. Nice one there. That was 8 out of 50. Refractor auto for Milano. Robin Gossens. Gossens. The Pedri refractor auto. Barcelona. And the beam team. Eduardo Camavinga.  That one was 105 of 199 for Real Madrid. All right. That'll do it for stadium club number 12. We got number 13. Once the pills. Thank you everybody.


first day that I was in my intro to computer science lab our TA asked us to raise our hands basically this how I went raise your hand if you are a Mac user and I raised my hand and out of like the 25 people who are in the lab they're probably only like me and two others who had a Mac and everyone else had a PC. Now the interesting thing is is that most of my professors in computer science and electrical engineering actually had MacBooks they weren't most of them were not PC users most of them had Macs and I always found that really interesting how most of the students choose PC but most of the professors choose Mac. Now this video isn't going to be like a comparison between Mac and PC or which laptop is right for you I will give my own opinion at the end of this video if you are interested in me doing a which laptop is the best laptop for CS or software engineering majors then just comment down below compare some video and give this video a thumbs up guys this is actually like my favorite season okay fall is technically my favorite season because I think it's so beautiful my birthday is around Thanksgiving time actually I was born on Thanksgiving it's another story for another day but I love summer because you can just get up and do stuff without having to throw on 10 pounds of clothing so one thing that I learned out of the gate about my MacBook Pro that I love is the terminal that was built inside the operating system or the computer in general and the reason being is because it was very similar to the Linux machines that we had in our computer science labs so I was able to quickly adapt to learning terminal commands another thing that I love about Mac and just Apple in general is the reliability you get from MacBooks honestly they just work take them out of the box and they just work I know that a big part of choosing a laptop is budget and I understand that MacBooks typically cost a lot more than PCs however my opinion it's worth it because you're just gonna have a reliable laptop that's gonna work you know most of the time if not the whole time throughout college and to fix your laptop one thing I'm noticed is that okay so there was a time where my MacBook Pro just stopped working and this is at the end of junior year so I had this laptop for four years without any problems and I had to like fix I think it was a motherboard and Apple gave me a new display or whatever but all that only cost $250 because Apple had like this program where basically no matter what's wrong with your laptop it's just a $250 deductible that you have to pay and that was great I was able to get my laptop fix for $250 and another thing is I was like okay I decided that it was time to upgrade my laptop because my MacBook Pro was just too slow it was what 2017 and my MacBook Pro was like a 2012 so it was five years old and it was just too slow especially when it came to some of the things that I had to do for computer science so I would recommend getting a 16 gigabyte of RAM laptop if you can especially if you are doing Xcode or any like iOS development if this little tidbit of information helps at all the smartest professor if not the smartest person I've ever met in my life had a MacBook Pro and all of my favorite professors had MacBook Pros since I was an engineering student if I was gonna go with Mac then a MacBook Pro is a must-have I did have the MacBook Air for my last year of college and that was a bad experience not really because of the speed outside of using Xcode and doing iOS development but because I got 128 gigabytes of storage and that's just too small no matter what your major is unless you're gonna be using something like iCloud or Dropbox or carrying around an external hard drive every day which I wouldn't recommend because you're on the go so much in college the last thing you want is to forget your external hard drive at work for a project you're supposed to be working on or a paper you're writing portability is so important especially if you're a college student in the Midwest or northeast sort of east coast or if your campus is just big one thing I loved about having a Mac in college is that they don't weigh very much and depending on how your semester is laid out in terms of your courses you may be carrying around some heavy books so when you add the weight of your laptop your water bottle your lunchbox your gym clothes your books and any other accessories it can get quite heavy this is an underrated feature as a high schooler you really don't think about this very much because you're just walking back and forth inside the building of course to different classes but in college if you go to a school that has a pretty large campus you don't want your accessories your technology to be as portable as possible and as light as possible especially during those dog days of summer and when you're walking to info class and your freshman or sophomore your underclassmen so you have courses so you have classes all around campus because you're taking some of your genetics and it gets hot during the summertime and you start sweating and it's just a gross feeling trust me i know i'm a sweater being an apple's ecosystem another very underrated feature i know some people don't want to be knee deep into the ecosystem because you feel like you can't get out but there are some benefits to it especially as a college student being in the ecosystem is great especially if a lot of your friends have macs and iphones and ipads and if you're a non-engineering major most of your friends are probably going to be mac users i remember all the classes i will be in that were outside of russ college of engineering most of the students had mac book airs or mac book pros which was refreshing to see because i didn't really see that in engineering college as much i found so much value in airdrop my friends in iowa airdrop each other documents notes things that we needed to prepare for an exam we're studying for midterms or finals airdrop feature is really nice or let's say you're taking pictures of notes that your professor took as your handwriting is horrible like mine or they wrote something down at the end that you don't feel like is necessary for you to actually have in your notebook because you want to have it at your disposal all the time and you take a picture a lot of a lot of students take pictures nowadays of notes of assignment due dates i know i did that a lot you just airdrop into your laptop or to your friends then there's i-messaging which is dope because you can text on your laptop and it looks like you're taking notes because your professors are typically not behind you in there in front of you so it looks like you're taking notes but you're really texting your friends in this group chat that's super funny okay i don't recommend doing that because you want to make sure that you're paying attention to your professor but there's some benefits to having i-message on your laptop let's say your professor's talking about a topic that you don't really understand you can just text the group like hey i don't understand this can someone explain explain this to me quickly someone explain this to me and they can quickly get back to you and you can still stay productive without having to go on your phone e-granomics hello trackpad i love you the most underrated feature for laptops you don't realize how nice it is to have a big functional responsive haptic feedback capable trackpad until you don't have one this is the very reason why so many people love macbooks especially programmers and video editors and designers if you're an engineering major or a nurse or a business major it really doesn't matter all gonna be on our computers a ton writing papers projects programs you name it online classes just so so we spend so many hours on our laptops and our computers so you want to make sure that your laptop has good has a good has a good e-granomically friendly is that the right thing to say trackpad can make a huge the trackpad can make a huge difference in your effectiveness and having a large trackpad is just good for your wrist all in all the two macs that i had in college were very convenient they work right out of the box whether they're open box refurbished used they just work if you are considering getting a mac my recommendation is to either go the refurbished route or the open box route at best buy or micro center keep in mind if you see a good deal at micro center best buy typically will not typically best buy does price match so if you see a good deal at like bnh photo or something like that another or another reputable place then tell the person that's working at best buy that's trying to get you a new macbook about those deals and obviously you want to use those student discounts because you can save hundreds so yeah those are my experiences using a macbook pro and a macbook air but mostly in college i had a macbook pro if you like this video at all give it a thumbs up share with someone who you think my fight about find value in watching this video and comment below some of your thoughts if you're a macbook user or even if you're a pc user and some of the benefits from having a pc if you are interested in a macbook my recommendation for technical majors is to get a macbook pro that if if you can afford it that's the laptop that you should get definitely stay away from the macbook and stay away from the air unless it's 256 gigabytes or even 512 gigabytes and if you're a non-technical major the macbook air is a great great computer it's fast the screen is nice resolution is great it's portable it's lightweight and it has the longest lasting battery so that's a great laptop with that being said that is the end of this video and don't forget to hit that subscribe button if you already hit that subscribe button make sure you hit the bell so you know whenever i'm dropping a video you get that notification and you can comment first all right i'll see you all later peace


So I'm pleased to introduce Ivan de Liberti, who will talk about the words, higher topology, please. OK, so hello, everyone. I hope you can hear me well. And yeah, now I'm going to talk to you about the words higher topology. So this talk is a summary or presentation of a paper, which was recently accepted by the journal by the algebra, which has the same title of the talk. But it is also, I mean, it's really not the full story. What I'm going to tell you, it's just a little part of the big picture. And the reason is quite simple. We don't have enough time to go through the whole story. So you find here a list of the other papers. And in particular, one could say that there are three parts of the story. There is a more geometric part, a more categorical part, and a more logical part. And today we will only discuss the geometric side of the story. To be very honest with you, my favorite part is the logical one. And this is where my motivation comes from. But there is no way to present only the logical one without telling the geometric part. And so for time reasons, I can only present the geometric one. And for the logicians, I recommend to read the paper number three in the list. And the paper number four is just my PhD thesis. So essentially it puts everything together. OK, I think we are ready to start. So what is this talk about? It's too early to tell. And we have to start from something simpler. And let's start from general topology and plain geometry, which is something that I'm sure everybody understood. So in this diagram, you see three categories. And top is the category of topological spaces and continuous maps. And pos omega is the category of posets with directed suprema and functions preserving directed suprema. And log is the category of locales. And a locale is just a frame. So this is just the opposite category of frames. Maybe I should tell you what's a frame, or maybe not. It really depends on your background. But let's recall it together. A frame is just a poset with infinitary joints and finite needs. And these two distribute with the infinitary distributivity rule. The canonical example of frame is the poset of open sets of topological space. And I'm sure since all of you have attended the whole conference, I'm sure you are quite used to the notion of frame. So why am I telling the story of these three categories? Why do we care? The reason is that these three categories are different approaches to geometry. Well, there is not much to say about topological spaces. I think we all agree that a topological space is a geometric gadget or entity. A locale is the point-free approach or constructive approach to spaces. And posets with directed suprema are not precisely a geometric entity per se, but they were approached by Scott with a very geometric perspective. And they are very relevant in domain theory and lambda calculus. So essentially these are three very interesting things in mathematics and geometric study of mathematics. And these three approaches have been related in the past in quite well-known ways that I will just recall. So we have some factors that relate these categories. So one of these is the factor of points. And as you see, there is an abuse of notation. Both these two factors are named points and you will see in a moment the reason for this. So points takes a locale and it maps it to the set of formal points. And the formal point of a locale is a morphism from the truth value locale into L. And this sets amidst both a topology and a partial order in a quite natural way. So if you put the partial order, then you land in posets with directed suprema. And if you put the topology, then you land in topological spaces. So S is a little bit more tricky to discuss and it doesn't appear in the literature. Well, it kind of does, but it doesn't appear explicitly in the literature. And it takes a poset P and it maps it to the home space into truth values, so zero and one. And one can check this is, I mean, you can find it in some works of beakers, but it's an exercise, it's not a super hard theorem. That this is always a locale. And so this spills a locale out of any poset with directed suprema. And then ST equips a poset with the Scott topology and people in domain theory and people in general topology are very much used to this notion. And essentially the Scott's topology over P was defined in the previous, by the previous sponsor, because we can see that this set is a subset of the power set of P. And so we can look at it as a family of open sets. And one can check that this define a topology and this is precisely the Scott's topology, which was defined by Scott in the, I think in the 80s or in the 70s while it was working on domain theory. Then I should tell you who is the functor O. This is the only one missing. And O is just the functor that takes the open set of topological space. So all these functors are quite well known, I would say with the very exception of ST, sorry, of S. And so the first one is called by some people the Isbel adjunction, even though it was not shown by Isbel by for the first time, I would say it was popularized by Isbel to the general audience. Then the second one has no name because it doesn't appear explicitly in the literature. So let's call it the Scott adjunction. And another information is that the solid diagram commutes. So if I take the Scott's topology and then I take its open sets, this is the same of taking directly the functor S. And this is more or less evident from the presentation I gave you of this functor S. And all these stories extremely classical. And so a good question is, okay, what did I do? What was my contribution to this? And what I did essentially was to categorify this. So I should tell you what means to categorify. And this is the project of categorification. So we have the same diagram, just all the notes have changed. And that, I mean, essentially during the talk, I will describe you all the two categories and all the functors involved in these constructions. And maybe I will also tell you why this is important from a logical point of view, just in a nutshell. So if we go back to this diagram here, we can see that the adjunction between topological spaces and locales, I mean logicians know that the adjunction between topological spaces and locales can be used to prove completeness for propositional logic. And this reconnects my talk with the talk of, with the first talk of the afternoon. So okay, this adjunction is important when you want to prove completeness like theorem for propositional logic. So the adjunction between this adjunction that we will prove here will be important to discuss completeness theorems for geometric theories. And we will see that, we will not see it, but if you read the papers, you can see that also the adjunction on the right is linked to completeness theorem. And in general, some people call them reconstruction theorems for theories, or you might just call them syntax semantics dualities. Okay, so in this picture, let me describe who are the main characters. So topoi is the two category of groten dictopoi, and a topos is a co-complete category with lexco limits. Lexco limits is a way to phrase descent.  So topoi are just categorified locales in the sense that they are complete posets where limits and finite limits and co-limits behave nicely. So this is the infinitary distributivity rule, which then becomes the descent property of the topos. And then there is the generating set assumption, which can be seen just as a tameness assumption. It is very important from a logical point of view because it allows to cut the internal logic to just a set, which then can be seen as the axioms. But it doesn't have a conceptual meaning. It is just important from the point of view of the presentation of the topos. And of course, the presentation of the topos is technically very important, but the whole internal logic does not depend on the fact that we have a generating set. And so I would say in this sense, the topos is really the natural categorification of a poset because again, it is a co-complete category together with a good interchange between co-limits and finite limits, which is precisely what a locale is. And acc-omega should be the analog of posets with directed co-limits, right? So in acc-omega, we find accessible categories with directed co-limits and factors preserving directed co-limits. So again, someone might raise his hand or her hand and say, look, but what is this accessibility assumption there? Well, it's like in the case of the generator of the topos. The point of an accessible category with directed co-limits is more the fact that we have directed co-limits than the accessibility assumption is important in order to have a decent generator, which is useful when we want to do computations. But as a fact, the internal logic of the category that we care about is just to have directed co-limits. And we see that this is a natural categorification of the notion of posets with directed co-limits because it's essentially the same definition. And then I should tell you about this LBIO. So this should be the replacement for the notion of topological space. And in a sense, it's the most important contribution of this talk. And this will be the notion of ENAT. So ENATs were introduced by Richard Gardner. And the idea of ENAT is the following. So what's a topological space? It's a set together with an interior operator or a closure operator, but we will focus on interior operators. So, and what's an interior operator is just a, if you think about it, it's just a common on its power set, which is either important, but this is trivial because every common on opposite will be either important. And also it must preserve finite limits, which is the fact that if I take finite intersection of opens, this is still open. This is the property. So Gardner went very naively in a sense and just said, look, a ENAT on a set is a set X together with a common over its co-press ship category, which preserves finite limits. Again, in the analogy between power sets and pre-shift categories, which category theorists are very used, this is the most naive categorification of the notion you can think about. And yet it's surprising how perfectly this notion works. And the first way that comes to my mind to convince you that this is a good notion is to look at this theorem by Gardner. So in general, if you take the category, sorry, if you take the co-algebras for an interior operator in a space, this is precisely the category of open sets. And the reason is stupid because since the interior operator is either important, the co-algebras are precisely the fixed points and the fixed points for the interior operator are precisely open sets. So the co-algebras for the interior operator are is precisely the local of open sets. In the same way, if you take the co-algebra for the interior operator in a ENAT, you get in general a co-complete elementary topos. So it is lacking a generator, but it's very close to be ungrothed with topos. And Gardner says that a ENAT is bounded if when I take the co-algebras, this has a generator. And so in particular, it's not just an elementary topos but it is ungrothed with topos. So if you forget for a moment about the size story, the size issues of the story, you get a natural factor from ENAT into topoi. And of course, this would be from ENAT into elementary topoi, but if you choose bounded ENATs, then you get growth and dectopo. And this is precisely the categorification of the factor which goes from topological spaces to locales and takes the open sets. And so the analogy is extremely tight. So essentially what I told you up to this point is that there are these three categories, topoi, ACC omega and Bayon. And then there is this factor O, which was defined by Gardner. Also the factor PT in this diagram is known to the literature and people have essentially presented it during this conference because it's precisely the factor that takes points of a topos. And one can show this is proven in many references in the literature that the category of points of a topos is always accessible and has directed coordinates. So we do lend inaccessible categories with directed coordinates. So essentially my contribution was to provide all the other factors, show that they are a junction and show properties of these factors. So let's start. How much time do we have? Aha, interesting. Okay. So the first one is the SCOTA junction which was found in collaboration with Simone Ari. So this is the junction between accessible categories with directed coordinates and topoi. And so I will not present again the categories. And I already defined you the factor PT. So I should tell you who is the factor S. So S is defined by taking accessible factors preserving directed coordinates from A to set. Now, if you remember the construction of S in the Posetal case, it was defined by taking factors preserving directed coordinates into truth values. So as always, we replace truth values with the category of sets and the construction remains the same. And one can show this is not trivial now. I mean, it's not a trivial verification that this category is always a topos. And the reason is that you can check all the zero axioms on the spot because essentially since directed co-limits commute with finite limits, things will work very well. I mean, I cannot say more than this, unfortunately. But you can show that this is always a topos. And how does it work with morphism? Well, you take a factor preserving directed co-limits and the F upper star clearly maps a factor preserving directed co-limits in a factor preserving directed co-limits. And then you can show that this is co-continuous and it preserve finite limits because of the structure of the category. And so this will induce a geometric morphism in the same direction because remember geometric morphism going the direction of the right a joint and this is gonna be the left a joint. Okay, so this is the Scott construction. Now let's move to the right a joint to O. Right a joint to O. Now, if you look at Garner definition, you really cannot provide a right a joint for O. The definition of Garner is not the right one in order to finish the proof. So we had to introduce a generalized notion of ENAT which I'm gonna present now. It will look scary at first sight just bear with me for a second. What's a generalized ENAT? So a generalized ENAT is a category, a locally small category, which is pre-finitely co-complete equipped with a lexical monad over this category. So I should say many things but maybe let's start from a question. Okay, I need to generalize ENAT and it makes sense that I want to put a locally small category instead of a set. But why isn't ENAT just the data of a lexical monad over set to the X? And the answer to this question is very delicate. And so in order to get this answer, I first make precise my definition. So this guy is a full subcategory of set to the X which is made of small copper sheets. Namely, those factors that are small co-limits of co-representables. These categories locally small has opposed to set to the X which might be locally large and it's not a category that I like. Of course, if X is small then every pre-sheet is small so we are closer to Garner definition when everything is small. And remember Garner was using just a set. So of course a set is small. And then P of X has a universal property and it is the free completion of X of under co-limits. And in general, P of X is a little bit pathological. You cannot prove many things about it. And so this additional assumption of being pre-finitely co-complete is needed in order to speak about Lex co-monance. And the point is that in general, this category will not have finite limits. So I need to put an assumption in such a way that this category has finite limits to talk about Lex co-monance. I could speak about flat co-monance but this would be a technical disaster. So I prefer to use this notion. And I will not tell you what means to be pre-finitely co-complete. I will just give you two sufficient condition. If X is small or accessible, then P of X is complete. So in particular, if X is small or accessible, it is finally pre-co-complete. And so P of X has finite limits. In fact, it has all limits. And so I can make sense of a Lex co-monant. So all in all, what I will say all the time is that a unit will be an accessible category X together with an interior operator over its category of small copper sheeps, which is Lex. And this is the most general, sorry, the most natural generalization of Gardner definition given the fact that we have to take into account size issues. So why do I care about size issues? And the reason is that when I have this proposition, the point is that when G is a decent category. So here I chose total but you can choose any reasonable assumption. And P of X is my small pre-sheeps. Then any co-continuous factor has a right adjoint. This is not true if P of X is locally large. And so I need a category which is locally small in order to apply any version of the joint factor theorem. So here size issues are extremely important in order to make anything works. And why do I care about this result? Well, the reason is very simple. The reason is that I want to induce naturally more co-monad over this. And when I have such a thing, then I can take the composition and this induces a co-monad over P of X. Now, I have very little time. So I will close it up very, very quickly. Maybe one thing I would like to say is that accessible ultra-categories Alamakai admit unnatural structure of Enad. So this means that Enads are not just geometric objects but they really are categories of models equipped with a special logical glue that puts everything together and keeps track of the logical structure of the category of models. And so for me, higher topology is really the correct place in which to study formal model theory. So Enad is formally a category of models of a theory. Okay, so I presented you the factor O and now I should introduce you the factor PT which is the right adjoint. No, sorry, I introduced you the factor. Sorry, I haven't, sorry, I should introduce you the factor PT which is the right adjoint for all. Now, unfortunately, I see that there really is no time. So if someone will ask me, I prepared the slide. So I will go directly to the results. So what I showed is that, so what I showed is that we have a two-adjunction between bounded Enads and Topoi. And the most nice result, I would say unexpected one is that this adjunction is idempotent, inducing an equivalence of two categories between Topoi with enough points and sober Enads. Now, of course, the notion of Topos with enough points was in the literature since forever, but this making the analogy with spec, with, sorry, with locales with enough points and sober spaces was not in the literature at all. And so this totally makes sense of the original notion of Topos with enough points because you really get the usual isbo duality between Topoi, sorry, between locales and spaces. Oh, sorry, and this is the end of the talk. So there are many open questions. For example, general topology is completely missing for Enads. For example, the notion of closed set is definitely missing. So what is a closed set for a Enad? Honestly, I don't know. And this would be important to characterize sober Enads because we don't have the same characterization we have for sober spaces. So in general, it would be nice to develop general topology for Enads because then it has logical implication on the category of models. And now I will stop. Thank you for your attention. Thank you, even.


Hello everyone, welcome to Options with Doug, streaming live daily on Bookmap Discord and the Bookmap YouTube channel at 1.30pm Eastern Time. Before I get started, I need to go through the disclosures. All Bookmap limited materials, information, and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations. Risk Disclosure, trading futures, equities and options, involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. And JEC says YouTube and Discord audio sounds great. Had to be back this week, able to watch live, and I'm very glad you're here as well, welcome back again glad you're here. And thanks for the confirmation about the audio. The focus of my presentation and the focus of the Options-Doug chat channel and Discord is options, order flow, the impact of options markets on stocks and futures, and the influence of market maker hedging flow on price action. I have a two-step process for trading, and the first is planning, and I use positional analysis. Now look at how traders and market makers are positioned at the options market and how those positions change from day to day to develop a thesis regarding the expected trading range and volatility for the day as well as a directional bias. And the second step in my process is execution. And I look at real-time order flow and book map and real-time market maker hedging flow in Spot Gamma Hero to confirm my thesis and for setups for entries and exits. And just to be clear, I am looking at the options market to develop a thesis and to help with setups. But the setups that I will be talking about, I'll be talking about the underlying, whether it is the S&P 500, ES futures or SPI or Tesla stock or NVIDIA stock. And those trades, again, I'm just talking about an underlying. You can take an underlying, you can take the trade any way you see fit, whether it's buying or selling an option or a spread or shares or futures. And questions and comments are welcome, and I'll be watching the Options-Doug chat channel and Discord and the chat and YouTube for your questions and comments. All right, let's get started. My agenda for today, what I want to talk about is, first of all, news and economic data for the week. And there are some important numbers coming out and important events later on this week. And then I'll go through my positional analysis and then I'll talk about setups. All right, so first of all, news, economic data and events for this week starts on Wednesday. And here's tomorrow, April 11th, not really much of significance. It looks like a couple of Fed speakers after the market closes. And then tomorrow, the fund starts with the CPI report at 8.30 AM Eastern Time. And that has been a big market mover in the past. And then also on Wednesday, the FOMC minutes at 2 PM Eastern Time. And that has also been a big market mover, almost like the FOMC announcement itself. And I will be on live at that time. Again, I'm on from 1.30 to 2.30. So I will be on for a half an hour after the minutes come out. And we'll watch the S&P 500 at that time. And then on Thursday, the 13th, PPI data, again at 8.30 AM Eastern Time. And then finally, on Friday, there's retail sales reported at 8.30 AM Eastern Time. And then consumer sentiment, Michigan consumer sentiment at 10 AM. So all important events and economic data releases coming up later on this week. All right, let's start with the positional analysis now. And this is the S&P 500 futures in Bookmap. And before I dig into this chart, I'm going to take a look at a larger time frame just to set the stage. This is the SPX index showing just price and the key spot gamma levels. The key gamma levels provided to spot gamma subscribers for a variety of platforms. Here we're seeing thinkorswim. This is a 20-day one-hour chart. And let me just point out some of the key levels that are in play. Here's the put wall at 3,800. And it's been there for a while. That's the strike with the largest net negative gamma that can be expected to act as support. Here's the 4,000 level. And that is the key gamma strike or absolute gamma strike. The strike with the largest absolute gamma. And here's the volatility trigger at 40.55. And that is spot gamma's proprietary gamma flip level. Below that level, market maker's position on the gamma curve is negative. And they have to trade with price to hedge their delta exposure in a negative gamma environment. And then above that level, like SPX is now, market maker's position on the gamma curve is positive. And they have to trade against price to hedge their delta exposure. And that tends to subdue volatility. And we'll look at some other information that will help to clarify that. And then finally, up above at 4,200 is the call wall, the strike with the largest net positive gamma. That can be expected to act as resistance. And those are the key levels. And there are some other levels as well, like this zero gamma level that we'll see on the one day, one minute chart. And that is acted as support today. And now price is bumping up against the SPX 4,100 level. And that was expected to act as resistance today. That was noted as a resistance level in the SPOT gamma AM founders note. All right, so again, that is a one day, one minute chart, just a grind higher. And this is to be expected in a positive gamma environment, this type of price action. All right, let's take a look at the book map chart now. And I've got the same levels on this chart in a couple of columns. This is the SPOT gamma cloud notes. Again, these levels are provided to SPOT gamma subscribers for a variety of platforms. And here they're shown for book map. And this is showing a couple of key levels here. This is the 4,100 level. That is the L3 level, one being the most important for, it's a scale of one to five with one being the most important or most significant. And then there's the combo level, that is an SPX and SPY combination level converted to an equivalent SPX number and then converted to an equivalent ES number. And right now, SPOT gamma is using a 27 point difference between ES and SPX. And that's about what I calculated. 26 and a half, 27. There's the zero gamma level that has acted as support. And earlier in the day, the ES 4,100 level acted as support. And that's shown here in my cloud notes, this column right here. And I'm noting, again, the primary SPX levels, the ES levels, and also the key SPY levels. And I calculate the ratio of ES to SPY. And I fill out these numbers in a spreadsheet. So there's the 408 volatility trigger for SPY. So those are the levels that are in play for today. Again, a gradual grind up. And this is, again, typical of a positive gamma environment. All right, there were a few shifts in levels. First of all, for SPX, the volatility trigger shifted down from last week from Thursday from 4095 to 4055. And then for SPY, there were shifts higher. For the volatility trigger shifted higher from 406 to 408. Key gamma strikes shifted higher from 408 to 410. And the call wall shifted higher from 408 to 420. So I interpreted all of that as bullish. So again, given the positive gamma environment and the shifts higher in levels for SPY, my expectation for today was, again, a slow grind higher, which appears to be exactly what is happening so far. All right, so for QQQ, the volatility trigger shifted lower from 319 or 317 last Thursday to 315. And then the key gamma strike shifted higher from 315 to 320. All right, so those are the levels that are in play for today. And we'll take a closer look at ES, SPY in a few minutes when I talk about setups. All right, so let's take a closer look at the gamma levels now, and we can see where those levels come from. So first of all, this is the SPX. Let me just refresh this page to make sure we have current data for everything. So this chart, this live chart is current. And this chart in the upper right corner, I'm going to expand this, is showing the absolute gamma levels. And above the zero line, positive gamma or call gamma is shown with the orange bars. And below the zero line, negative gamma or put gamma is shown with the blue bars. And this is the 4000 strike. That's the absolute gamma strike. That's very obvious. Strike with the largest absolute gamma. And that can be expected to act as support, resistance, or a magnet for price. And then here is the 3800 put wall down here on the left edge of the chart. The strike with the largest net negative gamma can be expected to act as support. And then here's the call wall. Strike with the largest net positive gamma. And that can be expected to act as resistance. And note there is plenty of call gamma up here from 4100 to 4200. All right, so that's the SPX. Let's take a look at SPI. I'm going to zoom in on this and also zoom in even a little bit more. So for SPI, now the key gamma strike is at 410. Strike with the largest absolute gamma. And the put wall is at 400. That's pretty obvious. The strike with the largest net negative gamma. And here's the call wall at 420. The strike with the largest net positive gamma. So that's SPI and the key gamma levels. Let's take a look at QQQ now. And for the NASDAQ, I just look at QQQ. Looks like I need to refresh the page. All right, there's the gamma levels for QQQ. Oops, back to SPX. There we go. Zoom in. So for QQQ, the key gamma strike is now 320. And the put wall at 300. And then 320 is also the call wall. So there's the range of strikes 300 to 320. Most likely for QQQ. All right, so it looks like QQQ is heading up bumping or heading for that 320 call wall potentially. All right, let's take a look at the Vana charts now. And this will illustrate what I was just talking about, how market makers can be expected to react in a positive gamma environment and also a negative gamma environment if price drops. So what this is showing, there are two lines on this chart. This is the Vana model. Two lines. The first line is showing how market makers delta notional changes with changes in price. And that's delta notional shown on the vertical axis, strike price shown on the horizontal axis. And this light gray line is delta changes only. So it does not account for any changes in implied volatility. And what this is showing is as price increases, market makers delta notional will increase and they have to sell futures to hedge their delta exposure. And again, that's typical in a positive gamma environment. And then on the other hand, as price decreases below, it looks like around the 4077, right at the zero gamma level, market makers delta notional will increase and they have to sell futures to hedge their delta exposure. And that would be when the SPX flips over to a negative gamma environment. And then this pink line is showing how market makers delta notional will change with changes in implied volatility and price. So it's adding the Vana effect in there, the change in delta with the change in implied volatility. And that is showing that in the case of price rising, change in implied volatility is not going to have much impact. There's not going to be much Vana kicker for a price increase. On the other hand, there will be if price decreases, market makers will have to hedge more aggressively as price decreases due to the increase in implied volatility and the increase in their delta notional. All right, so that is SPX. And let's just take a look at the other indices. We won't go into the same detail again, but there's SPI, pretty similar, more steeper curve. Typically, gamma notional is a greater for SPI than SPX. And then there's QQQ, a little bit more similar to SPX. All right, let's take a look at data. We'll just do a check of gamma notional so we can see some numbers here. And this is showing gamma notional for SPX, SPI, NDX, and QQQ. So for SPX, and note all the numbers are positive. Again, indicating market makers position on the gamma curve for all these indices is positive. And in that case, that means that traders are short calls, market makers are long calls, hence the positive gamma, and they have to sell futures against price to hedge their delta exposure. And these numbers did shift down slightly from the end of last week. SPX shifted down from 3.9 billion to 3.8 billion. SPI shifted down from 9.2 billion to 7.2 billion. And then QQQ shifted down from 3.3 billion to 3 billion. So slight shift down, not quite as positive as last week, but still positive, still positive on the gamma curve. All right, let's take a look at, that's most of my preparation for the indices. So primarily looking, again, given the increase in the volatility trigger, call wall, and key gamma strike for the S&P 500, my directional bias was bullish and given the positive gamma environment. And what we just saw in the VANA model, that market makers will have to sell against price as price increases to hedge their delta exposure, looking for a lower volatility day. All right, so let's take a look at some stocks now. Let's go here so we can just see this part of it. So this is my key gamma strike list. I tracked the key gamma strike for the stocks on my watch list, and this is just a quick indication of sentiment for a stock. This key gamma strike, I'm looking at how traders are positioning themselves in the options market for all these stocks, and how those levels change from day to day to give an indication of a directional bias. And this is a mixed picture for today. So what I'm doing, I'm tracking the key gamma strike from last week. This is from last Thursday, and remember Friday was a holiday. And then the current key gamma strike is for today. And I color code these numbers. Green indicates the number increased from the previous day. And there you can see for spy and QQQ, the key gamma strike all increased from the previous day as well as Microsoft, Google. And then a red number indicates that the number decreased from the previous day like AMD and Apple there. So the key gamma strike dropped for those stocks. This is just an indication of a quick indication of how traders are positioning themselves in these stocks. And it generally leads me to do further research here in Equity Hub. And for example, if I wanted to do further research for Apple, I would look at the history of all the key daily levels and see how they've changed over time. So what this is showing is for Apple, and this is just an example. The key gamma strike dropped, and the put wall dropped, and the call wall increased. So a little bit of a mixed picture. Basically, when I interpret this, the put wall is expected to act as support. So an increased trading range for Apple. $150 on the downside and $170 on the upside. So the ceiling has moved higher, and the floor has moved lower, and the key gamma strike dropped down five points. All right, let's take a look at some setups. And again, there was basically this key gamma strike. There was a mixed picture. Some increases, some decrease. All right, so let's take a look now at some setups. I'm going to start with the S&P 500. And recently, I've been looking at SPX for a very clear signal for the S&P 500. And let's just take a look before I go into this any further. There's also SPI. So this is showing, for those of you who may not be familiar with this chart, this is showing options trades and market maker hedging activity. It's the spot gamma hero chart, H-I-R-O, that stands for hedging impact of real-time options. And the white line is price. The purple line is the hero line. And let's take a look at SPI. So that is SPX. Let's take a look at SPI. And a little bit more difficult to interpret here. Not a strong correlation. So that's why I've been looking at SPX. And then there's also the combined signal that combines both the S&P 500 and combines both SPX and SPI into one signal. And this is really the, I guess, the true signal. So for trading any form of the S&P 500, whether you're trading ES futures, SPI shares, SPI options, SPX options, this is probably the best signal to look at. Or SPX. That's what I've been looking at at both. So this S&P 500 combined signal or just SPX. And what this is showing, let me zoom in once more, this is showing since SPX options trade before the RTH open, this is showing information to the left, which is once after the RTH open, and that information to the left is not significant. So this is showing that traders are taking positive delta positions and that confirms my bullish thesis for the S&P 500 leading to good pullback setups. And we'll look at the ES futures and SPI in book map in just a minute. So bullish hero providing strong signal, bullish signal. And let's just see what exactly what traders were doing. And they're buying calls that show them by the rising orange line. And I'm getting these odd drops. Let me just clear this. I'm going to have to go to another symbol and then we'll go back to the S&P 500. What I was talking about is that vertical bar and I don't think that is something that's actually there. So let's go back now to the S&P 500. And what I wanted to take a look at is this is typical of the indices. SPX by QQQ, traders buying calls and buying puts. And really it's just a matter of seeing who's winning. So right now I'm looking at this notional value. That's positive 3.1 billion versus that's the call buyers versus the put buyers minus 651 million. So the call buyers are winning. All right, so let's go back to the combined signal there. And we get a combined signal of 2.47 billion. And let's also take a look at these zero DTE trades. And what this is showing is about 60% of the trade today is in zero DTE options. I'm comparing this green line with the purple line. The total popper line is showing all expirations. The green line is just showing the options that expire today. And remember both SPX and SPY have options that expire every day. So again it appears that the zero DTE options are driving about 60% of the options trade here in the S&P 500. Oops. Let's clean that up. All right, so let's go take a look at the charts now in BookMam. So here's the S&P 500 futures ES. And again I pointed out the support reversal hire early in the morning at ES4100. Then support at the 4077 zero gamma level a couple of times. And it took this final test of the 4077 zero gamma level for price to move higher. And note the shift in order flow. I'm going to zoom in. Note all the pink dots here. These are market sell orders by minus sell. Sell is dominating. Sell orders. And then note the shift in order flow at the zero gamma level to positive. Pink dots down, green dots rising, reversal at that level. And prices moved up to the 4100 SPX, 4100 resistance level. And seems to be chopping around there. All right, let's go back to hero. And I want to take a closer look at the reversal just after 12 o'clock. So here's that reversal. Just really a confirmation. Maybe a slight lead hire just by a few minutes. Hero starts to rise and then price follows just a minute or two later. So that reversal hire around 12 o'clock was a pretty easy read. Watching order flow and hedging flow at the same time. And I'm watching. I'm presenting on one chart here, but I'm typically watching two charts at the same time. I have hero on one screen and whatever instrument I'm trading and book map on the other screen. And let's just let's take a look at the SPX chart. Maybe that will give a little bit more of a leading signal and not really. So just a very strong correlation between hedging flow and price action in SPX and the S&P 500. And let's go take a look at spy now and note the reversal early in the morning. At the spy 406 level and that was very close to the ES 40. What was that? The ES 4100 level and actually let me draw that with just a trend line. So trend up this morning when I wanted right here we go trend line up this morning. The pullbacks to the trend line were close to the good long setups. First one at 10 o'clock, the first point, first check of the 406 level. Note the buy sweep, sell sweep, and then price jumps higher. And then a retest of the 4077 level. Test of VWAP. And then the sharp drop down reversal in the order flow just after 12 o'clock. And now price is trying to move above the 40100 level. Let's take a look at some other setups. And if anybody has any other stocks they want me to take a look at please let me know. And I'm going to go to AMD first. Very strong uptrend today in AMD. And recall from the key gamma strike list the key gamma strike was actually lower for AMD today. So sometimes that doesn't work out. That's why I say I always confirm my thesis with order flow and hedging flow. And this is clearly very bullish hedging flow. Oh up until about 11 o'clock when price hits the 94 hedgewall level. But what I'm talking about is all the green dots here. Very bullish order flow. Market buy orders. And let's take a look at hero for AMD. And initially traders were taking negative delta positions. And just around somewhere between 09.50 and 10 a.m. they turned around and joined the party. So they started selling puts and buying calls just around 10 a.m. and price continued higher. Let's go back and take a look at book map. So the initial confirmation was really just the bullish order flow and book map. A lot of market buy orders. Absorption at the 91 level. Test of VWAP. And price continues higher with a clear target at the 94 hedgewall level. And also at the 95 level. Liquidity there. And then 96 would be the next target. And I'm talking about this high liquidity shown in the book map heat map. And those are resting orders. Limit orders to sell. And that tends to attract price. All right, so that's AMD. And let's take a look at Nvidia. Go stick with the semiconductors here. Another strong uptrend. Let's take a look at hero. See what options traders were doing. So clearly bullish in AMD. There's Nvidia. Very similar. And this is pretty typical for Nvidia recently. About 30 minutes of chop in the morning. And then price starts to move higher. And super newbie asked how do you determine that those were resting sell orders as opposed to buy orders? If they're above price, they're sell orders. And if they're below price, they're buy orders. Those are limit orders. All right, so there's the chop area of Nvidia. And then once price gets beyond that, options traders start taking positive delta positions. And price increases. Let's go back to book map. I'm going to zoom in. All right, zoom in on the morning session. And there's the first 30 minutes of chop in Nvidia. Again, this is very typical. And then price finally starts to break out of that. Does a retest of VWAP here and then starts to move higher. And price targets above at the zero and the five levels. So the 270 and 275 level were the primary targets. And there's that liquidity that acts price by our seeking sellers at 270 and 275. All right, let's take a look at QQQ. And this is a very similar picture to the S&P 500. Move down a little bit of a chop, kind of a steady uptrend pullbacks. Then this break lower down to VWAP. And then price continues to move higher. Note the shift in order flow here, just like the ES futures. Various order flow pink dots. And then order flow shifts bullish at the reversal at VWAP. And note also the buy sweep here, or the sell sweep, I'm sorry. High volume at that reversal point of sell sweep down. And if we could see stop orders, that would probably be sell stops. Let's just take a look at NASDAQ and see if we can see any sell stops just after 12 o'clock. And there were some. I'm looking at this on-chart indicator for stops. And remember for NASDAQ, the NQ futures trade in sync with QQQ. So sell stop run down to this level. And the same shift in order flow as seen here in NASDAQ. Pink dots on the way down, market sell orders, aggressive buyers come in, and price moves higher. Alright, so Andre asked in YouTube, can you see a buy stop order above price and book map? And you can only see it after it is executed. As far as I know, there's no way of seeing a buy stop order before it's executed. So let's take a look at, and that information is shown for futures, for CME futures, using rhythmic data. Book map has an MBO bundle that includes the buy, the stop order indicator, as well as iceberg order indicator. And let's just take a look at a couple things here for the ES futures. First of all, I have two stop indicators. One is the sub-chart that's shown by this yellow line, and that's showing buy stop orders. The increasing yellow line is showing buy stop orders start to move this fuel to move higher. And you can see at the end of the move lower, sell stops, that's shown by this small red dot in the number 743, 743 contracts. Also shown by the dip in the yellow line there, the drop in the yellow line. And then the reversal at the zero gamma level, 4077, price starts to increase, and as price moves up, buy stop orders start. And these are pretty low numbers, whether it's 438, 130, and then buy stop orders and aggressive buyers are helping the fuel to move higher, as well as options traders. But in Bookmap you can't see these until after they have executed. All right, so those are the buy stop orders. And we were on QQQ. So QQQ continues to move higher. And let's take a look at Tesla now. So for Tesla there was an initial move lower. Now that doesn't help too much. The initial move higher was this is showing positive cumulative volume delta. And this just indicates to me that options traders are really driving price action in Tesla. So let's go take a look at Hero before we look at this chart in more detail. All right, so there's Nvidia. Oh, we forgot to look at QQQ. Let's go back to QQQ. So what I wanted to point out, and we'll go back and look at the QQQ chart again, this divergence. This is the best divergence setup for today. Note that Hero starts moving up from the open, price moves lower, and then responds higher, reverses higher. So when I see something like this, let's zoom way in on this. When I see something like this first thing in the morning or any time during the day, when I see Hero moving one way and price moving the other way, I'll go to the book map chart and start watching order flow and levels to look for a reversal higher. And this happens more often in the indices, the S&B 500 and NASDAQ. So here it is for QQQQ. So let's go back now to the QQQ chart, then we'll get to Tesla. Get back to Tesla. So there's QQQ and no clear level for the reversal higher, but there is a shift in order flow. I'm talking about this level right here. So probably the best entry point there was the first pullback, first higher low. So nice divergence setup in QQQ. Alright, let's go back to Tesla now. Let's go take a look at Hero for Tesla. And as usual with Tesla, there's a very strong correlation between hedging flow and price action. Zoom in on the morning and there's a confirmation of the quick move lower. If you'd like to trade the open, there it is. And then the move higher, chop, and then Hero confirms the move higher. The thing about Tesla, there's a divergence occasionally, but typically it's just more Hero provides a one-to-one confirmation with price action. Market makers are hedging options trades in Tesla immediately. So the way that works, if traders are buying calls or selling puts, market makers are taking the other side of the position and they have to buy stock to hedge their delta exposure. Then on the other hand, if traders are selling calls and or buying puts, those are negative delta positions and market makers have to sell Tesla stock to hedge their delta exposure as they take the opposite side of the trades. Alright, let's go back to BookMap. So nice strong uptrend in Tesla and I think there was some negative news pre-market. Tesla was down pre-market, let's just see. Yeah, it was. Steady drop down, then a sharp drop right after the RTH opened and then aggressive buyers start to come in. Options traders taking positive delta positions and price moves higher. And have prices reached, let me just zoom back in and clear this up a little bit. Price quickly reached the 180 level, liquidity at that level and now has made it up to the, what I would consider a primary target at the 185 hedge wall and note the more significant liquidity at that level. So there's Tesla, nice strong uptrend. Let's see if I had any. Let's take a, if there are no questions, let's take a quick look at a couple of other stocks. Take a look at Apple and not really a lot to see here. We'll take a look at Hero, not a lot of range. That's fairly typical of Apple. But here's Hero, strong confirmation, strong correlation between hedging flow and price action. Let's go back and take a look at book map and note the reversal above the 160 key gamma strike and all the liquidity at that level. Looks like traders were front running that. All right, so that's Apple. Let's take a look at Meta. And in Hero there was a confirmation of this move lower, a breach of the put wall here at 212 and note for Meta that is a higher put wall, the put wall actually increased. So a higher floor for Meta price quickly drops below that level and finally starts to move higher. And after the move higher, it does act as support, both feewap and the put wall and price targets above at this 21370 level, all the liquidity at that level, a little bit at the 214 level, 215 and then 216. So let's just go take a look at Meta and Hero. So there was a, this is confirming the move lower and it looks like it took a while for the options traders to turn around. So not much of a lead effect after the morning drop until around just afternoon and let's see what traders are doing and they're buying calls. And that's shown by the orange line. And in the afternoon session that appears to have more impact on price or a stronger correlation. We'll just take a look at the total signal again. All right, that's Meta. In about another minute, we'll take a look at Microsoft. And there was a strong confirmation of the price drop this morning and then options traders really aren't doing much after that. Let's just take a look at book map, go to Microsoft. Sharp drop this morning, reversal at the 285, key gamma strike. Price is grinding higher. Very similar pattern to both the SPX, SPY, ES and QQQ. Pullbacks in an uptrend up until about noon this sharp drop, deeper pullback. Just afternoon and then price is grinding higher again. All right, that's it. That's all I have for today. My time is up. There were a few good setups today, but again, remember we're on a positive. The markets, SPX, SPY, ES, QQQ are all on a positive gamma environment looking for lower volatility, lower expected trading range for the day. All right, again, that's all I have. Thanks for your questions, comments, and I will see you tomorrow. Thanks again. Thanks for watching. Bye.


Alola everyone and welcome to the channel, my name is PhillyB2 and in this video we're going to be taking a look at all the berries in Pokemon Sun and Moon from where to find them, how to get them, how to multiply them and the most important part about it, how to use each berry effectively within the game. Now without further ado, let's get right into this ultimate berry guide. So I found an amazing chart online that breaks down the berries and puts them into different groups. So we're going to be taking a look at the restoration ones first. It says when HP falls below 25%, it restores 50% HP but confuses Pokemon that is like the flavor. And if you didn't know guys, there are five flavors in Pokemon. There are spicy, dry, sweet, bitter and sour flavors. And each one is affiliated with a specific nature. So keep that in mind, the natures go along with the flavors. So you have to have the right natured Pokemon to equip the proper berry otherwise it is going to end up with confusion after restoring its HP and that is a disadvantage in battle by getting confusion. So we have the aguaaf berry which is a bitter one, we have the figgy which is a spicy berry, the eel papa my favorite name berry which is a sour berry, we have the leper berry which restores 10pp, the mago berry which is a sweet berry, the oran which restores 10 HP, the citrus berry restores 25 HP and the wiki berry is a dry berry. So remember again, do not use the wrong berry on the wrong natured Pokemon, I will link that bubblepedia chart with the proper flavors in the description below. The next one that I did want to look at are the stat reduction berries. Now these play with EVs which are effort values and Pokemon totally can have 510 effort value points and each individual stat you are allowed a maximum of 252 effort values. So basically the point of these berries is if you made a mistake maybe you have a really good trend of Pokemon and you KOed another Pokemon that gives you a few effort values and something that you didn't want, these berries will reduce it. Now let's for example say that I had a nine tails and I made the mistake of making it a complete physical attacking nine tails by giving it a lot of effort values within its attack. So basically what I am going to do here is I am going to give it a kelpsey berry. Now let's say I had 200 EVs into attack on my alolan nine tails. When I give the kelpsey berry for the first time it's going to reduce the 200 down to 100 effort values. From that point onwards every other kelpsey berry I give will reduce the EVs by 10 each. So it's not like all at once but if it is above 100 effort values the first berry you give will drop it down to 100 and every other berry after that will drop it by increments of 10. So you are going to want to keep that in mind when you are using these berries. So let's go over these berries. We have the greppa berry which is a special defense one which reduces the EVs. Remember these are all reducing. These do not give you EVs. They reduce EVs. We have the hondu berry which reduces special attack. The kelpsey berry which reduces attack. The pomeg berry which reduces HP, quality, defense and the tamat tamat who reduces speed. Now I suggest that when you do get these berries that you do probably multiply them later which we will talk about. These are really important berries as well within the game. Now the next one that I did want to talk about are the stat enhancement berries. These are really cool. It raises a pokemon stat when the HP falls below 25. We have the apricot which raises the special defense. The ganlon which raises the defense. The key berry which raises defense if holder is hit by a physical move. So that's something you want to keep in mind as a nice strategy in the game as well as the merengue berry which says it would special defense if the holder is hit by a special move. We have the leech berry that raises attack when the HP falls below 25. The pedia does the same thing with special attack and the salak berry does the same thing with speed when the HP falls below 25. So you have to kind of play around with these uncertain pokemon and come up with your own strategies when equipping these berries. Berries do play a big role as you can see in the game. Next one we'll be looking at are the status condition berries. Now these are quite quite important when it comes into battling because having these status conditions are pretty annoying.  But equipping these berries will take away that. So if I just got frozen and I was holding an asper berry on my pokemon well then the freeze gets cured. Same thing if I was paralyzed the cherry berry takes care of that. If I'm sleeping the chest of berry immediately will wake me up as soon as I'm put into sleep. The lumb berry is really cool as it any status condition and confusion gets taken off. That's what's cool about the lumb berry. That's one of the berries I use a lot. The petra berry removes poison, the person berry removes confusion and the raw wist berry removes the burn. The next category that we're going to be looking at are the damage negation berries. And basically it decreases damage taken by the holder from a super effective move type. This is also something to keep in mind as a strategic option when you're battling in pokemon as if you know it's main weakness here are the berries that do it. The barberry reduces the steel from a super effective move. Charity rock, chilian normal, chocolate fighting, coba flying, cober, dark, haban, dragon, kaseeb ghost, kibia poison, aka fire, pa-shaw water, payapa psychic, rindow grass, roselly fairy, shuka ground, tanga bug, wakan electric and yachi ice. So these are there there's a berry for every single type. So keep that in mind as well when using these berries and like I said these are all the berries in total that you can use to your advantage when you're in battle or when you're trying to evie breed. But all berries have importance in the game is what I want to make you guys know because sometimes a lot of us have bad habits of just like stacking up the berries nonstop in our inventories and not really using them to the best of our ability. So here you go here is the nice list and I hope you guys are able to use those berries to the best of your ability as well. Now the next thing that I did want to talk about is where to find all these berries. Now Serabie has an amazing list of where to find each berry. It goes by the routes and list them as well. We can take a look over here the berry fields has certain berries route 2, route 3, route 4, route 5 and the different routes as well on the islands. And some routes have different categories of berries so you want to keep that in mind which is something interesting as well. If you want to go for the ev berries, I suggest you go on route 10 as you can see they have some ev ones over here as well, ev reducing ones. We have route 16, route 17, secluded shore. So berries basically are on every route in the game or in different locations. So you want to go farm them from these areas in the game. I will also link this down in the description below. Everything will be linked guys so do not worry. I will also put timestamps in the video if you want to scroll through them and take a look at what each router area has in terms of berry as well. Now the final thing that I did want you guys to look at is the importance of the berries. Now on Isle of Penny in the Poke Palago is where you will be growing your berries. Now this is very important as you need to rank this up if you want to efficiently produce a lot of berries. Now on rank 1 you have a maximum of 6 berry trees. Rank 2, 12 berry trees and rank 3, 18 berry trees. That is a lot of berry trees on its own. But it sometimes takes 24 to 72 hours for each berry to properly grow the berry tree and each berry tree is going to yield a different amount of berries as well. So let's take a look as well on those things on the berries that yield certain things. So we have the agua berry and these are the berries that take 24 hours to grow. Of course if you give some poke beans to this area of the isle it will speed up it quite a bit. So the agua berry yields 3 to 9, the aspera 4 to 12, blunk does the same cherry, chesto, the corn berry does about 3 to 9, the figgy 3 to 9, eepapa berry 3 to 9, leppa berry 4 to 12, the mago berry is also 3 to 9, oron 4 to 12, pecha a lot of these going down at 4 to 12. So let's go down to the wiki berry, the barberry berry, the charty berry, yields 2 to 6 for some of these berries as well. I like the ones that yield a lot, the greppa berry, the haban berry is a small one. It's in the 48 hour range now. We jumped from the 24 hour berries to the 48 hour berries. So you're going to keep that in mind too with the time of what berries you want to put your effort into. I suggest really when you're looking at these berries that you really focus on the ones that actually take a very long time. Working on those are really important as you can store up on those first and then the easy ones are pretty simple as it takes just a simple 24 hours but the 72 hour berries are insane as you can only produce about 2 to 8 of them, the 2 to 4 of them. So you guys, that's pretty much it. We went over of course the categories of the berries. We went over the locations of the berries and we went over the ability of growing the berries in the pokey pelago. So keep that in mind when it comes to berries. Use this to the maximum efficiency within the game and I really hope that this ultimate berry guide was very useful to you guys because I know that I don't want to use any berries and leave them in my inventory and not put them to use. So I hope put your berries to use guys. I hope you guys can do that. I'm glad to bring you this guide. If you enjoyed this video please smash that like button and if you knew the channel please subscribe. My name is Philly Beats You and I'll be seeing you guys in the next video. I'm out.


Hey everybody, what's going on? I am Greg Sosman, joined today by Jim Sonosofandl, who's here to talk about the top stacks on the board for week number nine. What's going on, Jim? Yeah, I'm pretty excited for this week nine Slate, Greg, because it's back to the usual process where we stack games that we like, load up on some phone receivers, we've got running backs in each tier that we like. So I'm feeling pretty good about how this slate is, is stacking up. And I think it's, you know, it's back to old reliable once again. It really is old reliable. Two weeks ago, we sat here, and they're like, I'm Russell Wilson, the parent with Tyler Lockett. Well, that makes sense. Last week, you went with DK Metcalf, and I'm like, well, why are you changing this? Well, last week was a Lockett games, and now it's a Metcalf game. Well, in week number eight, we had that DK Metcalf explosion. So week nine, what do we do? We go back to Tyler Lockett. It's a very simple mathematical equation. Lockett, then Metcalf, then Lockett, then Metcalf. Russell Wilson and Tyler Lockett, that is the combination you're going with here on Sunday. Yeah, I think that we've learned a lot about the Seahawks the past couple of weeks, Greg, and that they are willing to attack the opposing team's biggest weakness. So what you do is you look at the opposing team, see where their weakest, and use that weakness against them. And I think that this week, that leads to Tyler Lockett, because the Spills defense biggest weakness is in the middle of the field. They've got Tredavius White. Tredavius White is a tremendous corner.  And we saw glimpses of that against Arizona. You know, he didn't come through in that game, but he did have a touchdown call back. He would have been fine in that game. So you can still use DK Metcalf, despite the fact he is facing Tredavius White, but we should also expect the Seahawks are going to attack this Spills defense where they are most exploitable. That's going to lead to a lot of Tyler Lockett.  He had 20 in that game against Arizona. I am not expecting 20, but 15 would be okay. You know, no complaints that that does wind up happening. I think this is just the no-brainer best game on the board. Tyler Lockett gets his access to it at a lower salary than Stefan Diggs and DK Metcalf, and I won't complain about that. So I do think that this is a good Lockett week. I do not think that will sneak up on anyone. I would expect Lockett to be more popular than DK Metcalf. And again, you can use Metcalf in tournaments too, but if you're going here for cash games or a single entry tournament, I'm going to go Tyler Lockett and just take the path of least resistance here. Let's be smart about this. You know, a combination is going to work. You know Seattle is going to attack a weakness. Tyler Lockett each door for another big game. Russell Wilson continues. His march toward the MVP, the Seahawks stack, an obvious but correct call for this week. Let's go to something a little bit less obvious, right? And I think that's the Buffalo Bill, specifically Josh Allen as Stefan Diggs, which really worked well the first couple of weeks of the season. And then they hit a few road bumps. You know, the schedule got a bit tougher. The injuries grew for this Buffalo team, but this combination hasn't been as lethal as it has been. Now we talked to Tom Vecchio earlier this week. He really likes Stefan Diggs. Why is everybody back in on the bills here in week nine? Yeah, I think it's important to remember context, Greg. And what I mean by context is, did Josh Allen meet expectations in those games? And I think that he relatively did because there were a couple of bad weather games. There were some tough matchups in there. And that Jets game, you know, they didn't put up points, but they moved the ball. They got in the red zone like 83 times. They just couldn't score in that game. So he probably fell short of expectations there. But in the other games, we didn't really expect that much from Josh Allen. We've expected big things out of Josh Allen. He has come through. He's had 25 fan dual points in each of those games, each of his first four games. He had 30 points in two of those. So I'm expecting Josh Allen to bounce back, which in turns, in turn means I expect Stefan Diggs to bounce back. We look at the games where John Brown has been healthy because John Brown did get into full practice on Thursday this week. Diggs has 29% of the team's overall targets and is averaging 2.5 deep targets per game. That is an amazing workload against a Seattle defense that is very, very, very beatable by outside wide receivers. So Stefan Diggs, I think is a tremendous cash gameplay. He is a great tournament play too and a logical stacking partner for Josh Allen. Because Josh Allen checks so many boxes at quarterback, he's at home, he's facing a bad defense. He's in a projected tight scripts, logical stacking partner and he has rushing. I think Josh Allen is the top quarterback on this slate.  I think both those guys are the top two guys in the slate, but I want Josh Allen number one, Russ number two. And when I do go Josh Allen, I'm stacking with Stefan Diggs most of the time. But do you think that John Brown is also in play at $5,500? With John Brown back healthy, he could be vital to the build success this weekend, but Stefan Diggs obviously the favorite target thus far this year for Josh Allen. If Josh Allen can get back on track, Stefan Diggs can get back on track and your DFS lineup will look really, really nice with that combination of Allen and Diggs on Sunday. Perhaps the favorite player on the slate for Tom Becchio as we spoke about earlier this week was Justin Herbert. And he loves this game with the Charger in it, except the big output here for Los Angeles in this game and pairing Justin Herbert with Keenan Allen. Well, it makes a whole lot of sense since Justin Herbert entered the lineup. Keenan Allen has been reinvigorated and hopefully they can put up quite a few points here on Sunday. Yeah, I agree with Tom. This is a really fun game to stack too. And I think it's my number two on the slate behind Buffalo against Seattle, a good pivot if you don't want to swallow the chalk with that game, which I am inclined to do personally. But I understand if you don't want to, I want to go with Herbert instead. And Herbert has a lot of the same things we liked about Josh Allen. He can run a little bit. He's facing a really bad defense. He is at home. He's also indoors, which does not hurt. So I think that bodes really well for Justin Herbert. I also think what bodes well as we've seen the Chargers showing a lot of faith in Justin Herbert so far this year. They have played three games this year with Herbert, Mike Williams and Keenan Allen all healthy. They have thrown the ball 56% of the time on early downs in the first half in those three games that's compared to 50% in the other four games they've played so far this year. So when they've had these pieces healthy, they didn't want to let Justin Herbert open things up, which means that we can get a good floor and a good ceiling out of Justin Herbert. Herbert's efficiency has been awesome this year. That's despite facing a lot of tough matchups. He has had four different games against top 12 past defenses. He's had three against top 10 past defenses and just one against a defense ranked outside the top 20. He will get number two this week against the Raiders. So Herbert, I think is a nice way to say it's in salary, it's in $900. And like you said, it's just Keenan Allen. He's kind of like the Stefan Diggs here where you know where to go when you're stacking this team. Allen, 30% of the targets in that aforementioned split with Mike Williams and Justin Herbert. And his salary is right between the Stefan Diggs and Tyler Lockett. So that's not gonna make Keenan Allen be contrarian by any means, but it will at least put a cap and a ceiling on his roster rates and tournaments. I think that's a really attractive thing. So if you want to pivot a bit off of that Seattle Buffalo game, I think this is the best place to go. You lock in Justin Herbert with Keenan Allen, running back with Darren Waller at tight end. And I think you'll be setting yourself up to have a lot of fun if that game does what it could do and shoots out. Mainers and chargers in the AFC West could be a fun game. Justin Herbert, Keenan Allen, two of the mainstays that are gonna be in our lineup potentially this weekend for the chargers. One of several games you could stack.  Well, Justin Herbert's a fun one and there's just gonna be a lot of points here. There's just not much defense. The chargers getting rid of defenders. I like this game as well. It's going to be a fun Sunday here in week nine. That's gonna do it for us here on the FanDuelHariot. We've given you the stacks, the top values on the boards. We've given you the top stars and Megan Nunez gave you her favorite picks of the week. Jim, we appreciate the time. Good luck this week. Thank you, Greg. Enjoy week nine and we'll talk to you again on Monday to wrap it all up. That's right, back here on Monday, Jim and I will go over the players whose stocks are rising after the end of the week. For Jim Sones, I'm Greg Sussman. Have a wonderful week and enjoy the games. And we'll see you back here on Monday for another edition of the FanDuelHariot.