و التَقْبُ�� عَرِ نَا زَالِمْ يُيمَنَ Up m Wild Maghre ... والتَقُبى حني COB د سابٍ ... إ يا رمِحين school إِنَّا اللَّهِ وَهِ لفل رُضِبًا ... و Hag Kelly يَا يُهَلَّمِي أَهَابُنُ التَّقُّقُّا وَقُولُ قُولًا سَهِدًا يُسْلِخْ لَكُمْ عَبْلَا لَكُمْ وَيَرْفِي لَكُمْ وِرُمَّكُمْ وَمَا يُقَرْيْنَّا لَوَ رَسُولَ وُقَبَلَكَزًا رَوْزًا عَمْلِيمًا عَبْلِيمًا عَبْلِيمًا We begin with the thanks and the praises of Allah SWT, praising Him and thanking Him SWT for allowing us to come on this blessed day of Juma'a. For allowing us to come on this blessed day to worship Him the way that He has commanded us to worship Him. Because it is necessary for us to realize that our worship of Allah SWT is not out of our own volition. Rather, He has chosen for us to be here and He has given us the ability to worship Him. And so for the very ability we have to worship Him, we need to thank Him SWT. And one way of thanking Him is through شكل. And another way of thanking Him is through the اتباع, through the following, through the holding type and the firm holding onto the synod of the Prophet SWT. And so one of the synods of the Prophet SWT, he describes the Juma'a. He describes the Mu'mineen, he describes the believers in multiple ways. But one of the ways that he describes them is he describes them as one body. He describes them as brothers that go beyond brothers of blood, but brothers of faith. Brothers that it doesn't matter which tribe or country you're from. It doesn't matter what sect you belong to. But because you say that you are closer to Me than anyone else. And you are more sacred to Me than the جعباء والله سبحانه وتعالى itself. And so one of the ways that we show this love between one another is in a famous saying. مَنْ وَصَلَى سَفْفَنْ وَصَلَهُ اللَّهُ Whoever approaches the Sufuf, the minds of the crammer. He is the one who is going to reach Allah. So out of the other and out of the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ, I ask everyone to come closer. Come to the front Sufuf. Come close to your brothers. Come forward and join the mercy and the angels that Allah سبحانه وتعالى has placed up here. This is where the mercy and the forgiveness of Allah سبحانه وتعالى is. At His highs. He encompasses this entire place in His mercy and forgiveness. But in the front and closest is where He places most of His mercy and most of His forgiveness. And the Prophet ﷺ would begin his prayers. Would walk through the lines of the prayers. And he would take his hand and make sure that the shoulders are lined together. Like a brick wall. That there is no space such that it is seen as if the Sahabah were uncomfortable in their prayer. Being so squished together in their prayer. That their shoulders are being smushed with the shoulders to the people next to them. But in that moment is when we hear the stories of the Sahabah ﷺ. That is when we hear that the Sahabah ﷺ used to see it as if Allah was in front of them. And that paradise and hell were to the right and left. They used to act as if they were out of this dunya. But the meaning to that actualization is to show it in this world by the coming together of the dunya. So when we stand, we stand strongly and we stand firm. We all know the famous example of what happens when the believers being one body. And we all have faced the greatest enemy. Not Shaytan. But the greatest enemy, the corner of the couch or the table. Oh, when you bay their Nikito on that, you're done. Everyone knows that pain. And no one wants to ever experience it again. But it always happens. And just the pain in a Pinky Toe causes your entire body to ache. So it is as if the what we need are one body. If our Pinky Toe hurts, our entire body is in agony. So to prevent that, we must be like the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. Signaled with his hands like this. Firm. Strong together. And so now let's examine insha'Allah. What is it that prevents this from us? We know that Allah SWT is all-wise. We know that He is all-knowledgeable. And so Allah SWT in the Qur'an places certain ayat. A period with certain other ayat. So things that everyone knows, like whatever you read. Something like أبري مصراء. We're going to have. Other places Allah SWT puts the worship of Allah alone. And what does He pair with it? Being with your parents. To raise the status of building a body that He places it with. And so Allah SWT says In an ayah that we all hear every single beat at the Jumu Khulfa. Just for a moment. Oh believers. So He's talking to us SWT.  Imagine that these addresses to us are as if always going to the صحابة. Always saying something about the Qur'an. Know that the Qur'an was sent to you. يا خلام. يا مؤمن. يا أيها الذين اعملوا. اكتبوا الله وحقوا تقاديه. Have this on this sphere. This Taqwa of Allah. As is His right. As is His right. Can anyone claim to say that they fear Allah. That they have the Taqwa of Allah. That they have the awe of Allah. As is the right of Allah. Subhan Allah. The صحابة heard this a day. We're shook. How do you know this? So we console them. And another ayah came down. And told them do as much as you can. وَلَا تَمُوتُمَّا إِلَّا وَهْتَمُسْسِيْمُونَ It's not died except as believers. So this very powerful ayah. Extremely powerful. Have Taqwa of Allah. As is His right. What does Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'a compare it with. وَا اتَّصِمُوا بِأَبْلِ اللَّهِ جَمِيعٌ وَلَا تَثَبْرَقُوا. That hold tightly unto the rope of Allah. And do not be divided amongst yourselves. وَلْكُرُونَ اِعْمَدُ اللَّهِ وَعَلَيْكُمْ And remember that ni'ma of Allah upon you. اِذْبُنْتُمْ اَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّةَ بَيْنَا كُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَكْتُمْ يِعْمَدِي خُوانًا That you were once divided. And that division caused you to be on the edge of a fire. Of the Jahannam. But he, Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, pulled you back.  Making you brothers. This is a ni'ma of Allah. So when we look left and right. And we see that guy's a little awkward. I'm not really inclined to talk to him so and so. That person slighted me this one time. That person, this excuse. That person, that excuse. That person, that excuse. Especially when it gets into jealousy and lying and deceit. Oh, this person does this and this person does this. When we get into these things, we're being divided. And this is a tool of the Shekhan. So it is our obligation to remove this hate from our hearts. It is absolutely necessary that we remove that hate from our hearts.  So when we see these individuals.  But you don't get it. Right, you just don't get it. This guy, he. And then so on and so forth. You just don't get it with this guy. This person, my situation is different. We always come up with these excuses. So we need to ask ourselves and ask ourselves this. What is it that causes you to hate so and so? Is the reason that you hate such and such person because of a divine purpose? That you hate them because you have anger for them because you have restraint away and you stay away from them because they disobey Allah in a certain way. They take the rights of other people away. They are known to be deceivers and they are known to be فاسقون. Is that the reason you hate them? Or is the reason something nasty? Is it something within our hearts that we hate them for? Is it a cultural reason? Is it a religious reason? Is it an intellectual reason? Oh, he's too smart.  Or is it that we just don't share any interests while trying to be quick? Whatever we want to move in. We always see that weird kid. Who's sitting by himself at the lunch table but everyone's always cheering him on.  But he's always the one by himself. He's always the one who's sitting alone. He's always the one who has no friends. When we see it in the movie we always want him to win. When it happens in our cafeteria or that's just a weird kid what's the difference? What's the difference in the two situations? It's the same situation. In one situation we want to help the kid but in the other situation we're actually in the shoes of the cool crowd and that kid is just weird and he's isolated. The difference is that in the movie they introduce us to that kid. They tell us his backstory. They tell us what struggles he's went through. They tell us what secret powers he has. They tell us what potential that he carries within himself. They show us that this is not just an ordinary kid. No, this is some sort of hero. This is some sort of superhero. This is some sort of master. They just don't know it.  Three person that you hate. You dislike. You may have known them for 20, 30, 40 years. Do you know their show? Do you know what they went through? Do you know what it is that they had to struggle with? We don't know these people. And in order to build this bond of إخوانة to have this ويخوانة with الله ياريك and to have to remind ourselves of this نهما of الله upon us it is our duty again to know these people. So insha'Allah we make the intention to do this and we ask Allah SWT to give us how to let your hand in that part and assist us to sell to the one who you are and to bring himself to you in the whole world of you. Alhamdulillah The last point I'm just going to end with is that it will be homework. You won't be tested on it. You won't be graded on it. But it's just something to think about. What my teacher said that the times that we live in now specifically our times we live in what he called the method of إبيس. It is the pathway, the tradition the following of إبيس of شفا. And so we have our own creed that we hold on to. So our creed of statement everyone knows this. Alhamdulillah It's what makes us responsible. Our creed of statement is What's the creed of statement of إبيس? That brings you into his method. That brings you into his game. So my teacher said that his statement is That I am better than someone else. If ever in our hearts we begin to think That I am better than this person or I am better than this person or I am better than this person Know that you are on what dean the dean of إبيس. These are the words that he said to creed his own religion. These are the words that he said when he disobeyed of God. These are the words that from all of the angels that surrounded the heavens prostrating to Adam. This is what isolated him. Who do we want to be with when we say when we interact with people? Do we want to say انا خلي ومين في إبيس inside? Or do we want to be the people of لا إله إلا الله and be with the angels and be with the NBA and be on the side that we know in the next world is going to be victorious. So just reflect in all of our interactions that we have with people whether it be your little siblings whether it be your parents and it's easy when it's someone you don't know. It's easy when it's the way you're at the restaurant. What is those people close to you when you're interacting with them? Are you saying that I know better than you? Oh, kids say this all the time. I know better than my parents. They don't understand me. They don't know I'm going through. What are you saying? انا خلي ومين Bring about humility to be on the side of Allah to be on the side of His messengers and insha'Allah الله سبحانه وتعالى will grant us victory in this life and in the life of Him. الحمد لله سفل الله ولكم وليساء المسلمين فالسفل ولكم ولكم ولكم اللهم اللهم قرنانا وحمنا وعفنا اللهم قلتنا جنة معنى بين وصديقين وشهد value وصديق وعفنا من عدل ولكم ومن عدل وجهنل ومن عدل وحشر ومن عدل السفل الله ولكم وليساء المسلمين


What's up everybody jason for jazzy's case base calm another ten box series two twenty three twenty four hockey mixture just sold out This is number six guys remember features two hobby boxes four tins four blasters And again if you buy two or more teams you get a chance to win the black Hawks now again Like I said today's been all out of whack number two still there You know no one no one wants to grab the ducks I get it though because there's only one team left so if you want a chance of the Hawks they can't get them But yeah, we haven't had anything crazy out of the cases that we are working on for number two And some of those boxes that are from the same cases that are we working on for number two are still available here for number six so like I said for I've been announcing it for every break the The hobby case that we were working on is All the way from one to six So we've grabbed two boxes here the last two boxes of the first case of the hobbies Are going to stay for number two which again we haven't had anything crazy out of the hobbies yet and then same thing for the For the blasters from the first the blasters are 20 box cases only one through five stayed with those So number six starts a fresh case of blasters which I have right here And then tins we're only one through three So four five and six are the second case of tins which I have right here. These are the last ones So number seven basically number seven starts a fresh hobby case Fresh tins and then we're going to be working on the remaining 16 blasters starting in seven So the only thing fresh here is going to be the blasters So before I do the randomizing for the hawks, I just wanted to say that and I'm going to generate four numbers from this blastery case Like I said, we'll just grab randomly from there on out but trying to keep everything together, but you know, it's kind of I know it sounds a little confusing just because We're just skipping around we started off with three then we started off with five and then we did four and now we're doing six and It's a little crazy But here we go guys, let's generate four numbers first one is three next one is nine 20 so And then 20 of course, I'll grab that it's all the way at the bottom last box And then 13 This is going to be 13 And then 20 is going to be able to appear the last box on the right Don't worry guys. I'm pretty official. Let's keep it the way it is I think 20 is going to be this all the way at the bottom awesome I just wanted to get that settled I want to put this back in again. We're going to grab randomly from here. I'm not again Oh, yeah, that's right. The time changes tonight. Yeah, I'm definitely not staying past 11 tonight I'm going to wake up at like 11. It's going to be 12 tomorrow. I forgot about that Rex All right, now, uh, let's switch scenes here now and let's uh, see who gets two or more teams to get a chance at the hawks D mac got two John Got 13. So technically only six get a chance X line got 10. So that's five entries And then Kirk two Michael two And then yank it too All right, so out of the possible 15 we're going to get 15 All right, here we go dice roll it and we got a two and a six eight times. Good luck eight times one two three four five six seven and eight D mac, how about that? Six two and a six eight times. Look at that D mac There you go, man. Congratulations. You just won The black hawks Yeah, I think yeah, I mean, I'm sure there's not another X line is there and let's focus So I said regardless in the hobbies we stopping hitting crazy Tens I feel like we hit one bidard already But then like there could be there could be more and then blasters. This is a fresh case. I have no idea where we're gonna hit here But the hobbies is where it's at I feel like we haven't hit nothing super crazy out of that stuff yet So if there's nothing crazy in these two boxes guys number two is gonna have some crazy loaded boxes if that's the case Unless you have a dud case, but I don't think so. I feel like there's gotta be some nice stuff I don't think we've hit a bidard in the in the hobby cases yet so I mean you can get into seven and eight those would be fresh cases, but Obviously odds are a little bit better for number two. So like I said, I know there's only one team left So if you haven't gotten to the break, yeah, you're not gonna have a chance at a bidard But there has to be at least one customer If not two that only have one team. So I mean I know it's gonna be the ducks a little bit pricier, but hey D-mag only had two teams in this only had one entry One and 15 shot just like as you would and he won the The blackhawks. So can't say you're not gonna win. You don't have a chance because you definitely do All it takes is one One maybe one guaranteed at least maybe two young guns on this blaster Charu and nice Logan Cooley Luke Hughes UD canvas young guns So I'll be going to left or right side So if it goes to the left side, that's gonna go to the yachts and Michael If it goes to the devil's right side, that's gonna go to DMAC Tristan will know It's a nice blaster though. All right. It should be the first blaster there Should be the second one here Mark doggasio doing gunter And Bobby McMahon and that goes to the Leafs and Kirk Nice Leo Carlson There you go I see these are going around anywhere between like 50 to 60 per young gun Of course, if you get a numbered one, you're in the clear There you go. John with the ducks That's probably the second best team in here guys It's Matthew Carlos Pulo and Frazier Minton UD canvas there Tate Thompson and Khorchinsky's which has been a teaser there for the Hawks There's the blasters Not bad though. Not bad Tins now We'll see those there for last There's four tins right there guys These ones should have three to four young guns for 10 I actually hadn't sneezed all day. So I feel like I'll do for some sneezes Thank you, man All right, here we go guys. Nice another Leo Carlson For the ducks. Remember this could be you in number two guys Even though you're not gonna have a chance of the Hawks.  Let's go for about maybe 50 50 bucks 60 bucks So all you need is like two of them at least Stanislav Sonny Milano and Tristan Lonello Lucas Condorre Trevor Zeegers for the ducks canvas Maxine Dimitri Baronco Mick Ging More insider. There's a kind of a dark glossy Check these go for like maybe 15 20 bucks, maybe Little sum sum DMACC Matthew Piotros Luke Philip UD canvas young guns Ludwig for the penguins And we got a program of excellence Wade ridden For uh, Canada Beecher and nice there's a badard Carlson young gun checklist It's because these don't go for that much, but it's still some Left or right side for that one, of course Sardiff We got Jeremy Swamin Crystal Tang canvas Khorchinsky teaser I'm not Tim Paolo um Yeah, you can think of it that way jimmy a young gun is their first like signature rookie um So yeah, and then obviously I mean before like maybe I want to say maybe like two years ago Maybe three Definitely pre 2020. There was only like Base Which is like, you know normal base Like that Right, that's like the first if you think of that and you had a canvas Which was like the canvas version of it And then you only had like two numbered cards of the same variation you have an exclusive to 100 And then high gloss out of 10 that that's it. That's all they have So exclusive so for a ton high gloss even more But now they added a couple more numbered parallels. So now they added, you know more like those um What is it outburst that looks like the silver Then they added the red outburst to 25 and they added, uh, you know Uh, the one-on-one gold outburst, which is cool. You know, it's not like they flooded It's not like it's not like panini is like prism where like there's like hundreds of variation colors now So, I mean, I don't think it was a bad thing, but like pre 2025 correctly, they didn't have all those colors But now they added a couple more, which is fine. I mean, I I mean a one-on-one would be nice, right? So yeah, they have outbursts. They have clear cut Which they've always had actually they added deluxe Red outburst and then the outburst gold. So they added basically like four new color parallels Three of them are numbered. One of them are not But yeah, basically, this is what it is mcdavid dazzlers dolly mckinnon angelista surga chef gates and air Here we go guys. So again, we haven't put anything crazy out of the hobbies Uh, number six is where it ended. But since we have number two left, there's still two boxes left from this case So again, I haven't seen one badard yet to my knowledge out of the hobbies So if there's any old badards here, that means number two should have at least one I mean, we have seen some cases. I've heard that had zero badards, but on average you're getting one to two I'm pretty sure we haven't hit one from hobby. But maybe we I don't know I feel like we haven't hit one from hobby Because we did number four earlier and we hit one in the in the tins. All right guys. Here we go last two boxes hobby edition Nick Sweeney Now there's king gulpie future hall of famer for my kings color angle jacob tritron matt murray And then there's an outburst jack I go ponder zerry canvas blake shot and mark shackley. Sorry stony sloth little blue jackets macky or macky young guns elliott this one there's Then we got a fluorescence dust and wolf My brother loves that goalie. All right done the last hobby box And unless we actually ended up hitting one badard, I feel like this hobby case has been kind of a dud I don't even think I've gotten like one numbered card yet memory Matthews angle Joe Pavelski for the stars There's a carnival dart portrait beacher and mario ferrara outburst Michael Klesinger canvas there of nick Suzuki for the canadiens You see saddles highlighters It's a nice one there Who is the predators? Predators is uh Exxon Hugh McGaing I lost that here guys Tristan Lanue Bobby McMahon, UD, canvas, young guns There's a clear cut Joel Erickson Eck All right, final two boxes got to have something really nice So there you go guys. We did end up still getting a couple of badards We got a glossy couple Leo Carlson's and then we got the checklist And then a portrait so again left or right for all of those uh checklist slash dual young guns all right And then we're gonna go roll it six into four ten one two three four five six seven eight nine ten Ten times ten times left side gets that so for like that badard It's gonna go to the it's gonna go to the Chicago block box and then Logan Cooley would have won that one for the phoenix coyotes Or easy All right appreciate it guys again, um like I said number two is gonna have the remaining two boxes of Of hobby boxes and then the remaining set of tins from the first pick your teams one two three um And then seven starts a fresh case of hobbies as well as tins And block serves we just started a fresh case as well. Appreciate guys. Thank you


Mae'rstoed, roasteddau, sydd gan y cyfnodol, mae'n cael ei wneud y siarwr yn yr hynny o'r ddysgu'r ddweud. Fydnodd Broseryd RC o'n ddull ei gweithio am hyry o'r ffawr, mae'n cael ei gweithio gyda'r gweld ff jagu. Mae'n dda'i hefyd wedi cael, fan o'r yllaf ar y cyfnodol i elef mor ar y ffawr, a erioed e'r oed yn yn ôl eu bydd yma, a'r tyn. Mae wedi cael ei gweithiau, Maen nhw'n cael ei wneud am yr ystod yn y Cymru yw'r cynllun yma. Felly mae gennym o'r fatha'r bwysig sy'n cyllid yn gyffredinol ar gyfer'i anghir ar gael arnydd o ddiddordeb yn ymgyrch, sy'n gwybodol yn ymgyrch ar gyfer'i gwahodol a'r ymgyrch ar rhan hynny yn ymgyrch ar gyfer yma'r ymgyrch ar gyfer ymgyrch ar gyfer ymgyrch ar gyfer ymgyrch ar gyfer'i gwahodol. Bydd yma'n hynny'n cymwybolaethol yn y Cymru yw'r ysgolwyd. My vote of thanks is dedicated to the academic staff, our lecturers and tutors, in particular our fractional staff who did so much for us on so very little. I'd also like to give a special thanks to the non-academic staff. Thank you to support staff, cleaners, security, porters, catering staff and all outsourced workers who are pivotal to the functioning of this university. I think many of us here will be very familiar with the Just For Workers campaign. In a few months after nine years of struggle they are going to be brought in house and this victory is going to help ensure many of you here. I'd like to thank our families and friends without whom I know many of us wouldn't be sitting here. I'm lucky enough to be a part of the cohort that is the class of 2018 and I'd like for us all to acknowledge the level of labour, both intellectual and emotional, that was done to get us here today. Especially the encouragements and support you received and also gave to friends and classmates. Take a moment to look around you. You all did that with each other and for each other and that is a massive achievement. They say it takes a village to raise a child but also really takes the whole community to get you a degree. Having said that, I'm sure that your degree has been just one part of your time at SAAS. In fact, I'm sure that a commitment to social change and liberatory politics has been a central part of how you spent your free time during your university time. Whether it's partaking in the abundance of extracurricular activities run by societies or going on a protest. So what I'm saying is, continue with it. Collectively organise, be kind and generous to others but also yourself. You're so much more than a degree classification, whether it's a first, a two-one, a two-two or a third. University is so much more than what you learn inside the four walls of a classroom. I know that the discussions and debates in the JCR bar on the green, the SAAS steps at parties or on picket lines have just been as formative. There is a lot that we've got out of SAAS but it's fair to say they also gained quite a bit from us. You may feel grateful towards SAAS but SAAS should really be grateful to have had you. Not only did they gain £9,000 a year and more so from international students. They also gained unique minds and characters who contributed so much to the culture and spirit of SAAS in the short time they were here. So I'd like to thank SOAsians both past and present for cultivating such a rare and extraordinary space that we've all come to love. SAAS has built a reputation for itself that suggests a commitment to social justice. I'm sure that it's this reputation that led many of us here in the first place. I hope that it continues to practice what it preaches and even if it doesn't then I know it has students that will continue to do that work for them. Whether it's fighting for free education, outsource workers or a more decolonial world, I know we can trust SOAsians to stand up and fight for justice, equality and liberation.  Who will join the standing up and the ones who stood without sweet company will sing and sing back into the mountains if necessary, even if under the sun. We are the ones we have been waiting for. Thank you very much.


Hey everyone. So I'm Pete Membrune from ExpressVPN and I'm really, really excited to get to talk to you guys about Lightway. We've had a lot of discussions over the last few days. A lot of people through the booth have been really, really, really nice. But wanted to give a chance to explain why we did this and the reasons behind it. And so obvious question, why do we make Lightway, right? There were some very well-known protocols out there. Okay, we have OpenVPN and of course we have the new and shiny WireGuard. So why did we go and create a new VPN protocol? Why didn't we just join and work with other open source projects? What was the reasoning for this? Well, OpenVPN has a lot of pros to it, right? It's been around for very, very long time. It's been audited. It's well-known. People would recognize the name, they'd understand it. And for the longest time, it was our preferred protocol. Nothing wrong with that. The challenge though is OpenVPN was really created in a different era. It was designed for the days when your PC would be a box on a desk. You'd have a cable going to it. And that was pretty much as complicated as your networking environment got. And relatively speaking, speeds are much slower then. The demands on a VPN were significantly less. It expects to run as a binary. That might seem like an odd thing to point out. But if you wanted to get this into, say, an iOS app or you wanted to get it into an Android app, there was some surgery involved. And it wasn't really designed with that in mind, understandably. And there's relatively limited ways to interact with it. If you want to control it as a binary, if you want to start, stop, and get status information from it, that's more difficult to do. It does have some support for this, but you don't get full access. A lot of the time, you would need to, for example, look at logs and stuff like that. But of course, WireGuard. Why not WireGuard? Well, again, lots of pros for WireGuard. It's a super simple implementation. It's super fast. It's very easy to set up. I think to say that it has a lot of momentum behind it would be selling it short. It has a lot of momentum. There are some cons to it, though. And I should preface this by saying, when I talk about cons here, I mean them from the perspective of ExpressVPN and what we're building and what we need out of a VPN. So with WireGuard, all your keys must be pre-shared among all your endpoints. That's fine if you have a small number of people that you're trying to hook this up to. When you have many thousands of servers and you have millions of clients connecting to it, pre-sharing keys is undesirable. Now, of course, you can build infrastructure to do this, but now you have to build and maintain the infrastructure and do all the work involved in looking after that. And, well, that takes you away from actually focusing on the VPN part, which is the part where you're going to be actually hopefully adding value. The keys are also bound to IP addresses. That's how you authorize keys to connect through and use the API of WireGuard. And we're very privacy focused. We don't want to have this particular key is tied to this particular IP address. Of course, the simplest way that you could pre-share all your keys would mean the same IP, the same key shared everywhere. That's undesirable for us because, again, it links those things too closely together. Could you make a system that does it differently so it's different per connection? Sure, absolutely. But now you need to build and maintain that as well. The WireGuard project has no interest in TCP support. They list this on the limitations page and they have a very good reason for it.  It's not a great day out. Nobody likes it. It makes perfect sense they don't support it. But for us, we have a very, very large amount of users that are in using networks that don't have UDP. Think public government Wi-Fi.  In these environments, if you don't have UDP, and it doesn't matter how great UDP is, you cannot use it. If you want to support those users, you must then provide a fallback, which, possibly ironically, is usually open VPN. They also have no interest in DPI avoidance. Their feeling is that, well, that should be done at a different layer from the VPN. They want to focus on the core VPN parts. Again, that makes perfect sense. But for us, we have a lot of users in those sorts of environments where they're dealing with corporate firewalls. They're dealing with various different networking restrictions. And so for us, we really need to have things like obfuscation that's directly and easy to integrate into our protocol. Something that, sorry, Wargo wasn't interested in. So these are all things that, even if we put work and time and effort into them, we tried to upstream them, we wouldn't really have a receptive audience because we're just not building this the way that, you know, they're looking for. So how do we make lightway? Lightway was built with a mobile first sign. So one of, we've probably heard this a lot with things like web design. But when we were putting this together, designing for mobile or embedded systems first was really key for us. We have a lot of people who are using low-powered Android devices or otherwise like embedded routers and things like that. Mobile devices have a very different set of problems. They generally have limited power. They generally have limited CPU. And they have very interesting network configurations. One minute you're on Wi-Fi, then you're on to 5G. Now you're back to 4G, back to 5G again. If you can handle these things nicely on mobile, when you then go to run this on, say, desktop, it's just going to work nicely for you. Trying to go the other way can be very complicated. So a guy called, these are Ams, I'm not sure if you guys have ever heard of him. He was a big inspiration for Jonathan and I at Apple. I don't like reading off-slides, but bear with me. I'm going to do it here. So everything interacts and is dependent on other things. We must think more thoroughly about what we are doing, how we are doing it, and why we are doing it. And that really was the main driving force for our work on doing mobile first, how we balance all these different things together so that we get something that's very valuable and useful for people at the other end. So that's really where we're going with the mobile design aspect, trying to keep all of these things in mind. We'll touch on some more of these as we kind of go through, but that's the general gist and direction that we were taking. So what really is lightweight? We've got this far. We haven't really talked about it much, but this is actually a picture taken from near my hometown, Plymouth. It's on Dartmoor. It's to represent the blue sky green fields, the approach that we were able to take. This is probably one of the only three days you might have got a blue sky anywhere near my hometown. Anyone who's been on Dartmoor knows it's usually grey and miserable, so it took quite a while to find this. Basically, we had this rare opportunity, and it was, well, if we had a big enough magic one, what would we do? We have a lot of experience building and running these things. If none of the existing things are a good fit for us, what would we create instead? What if we could just pick something? What would it be? So one of the questions I get is, well, why not WireGuard? Why don't you like WireGuard? I love WireGuard. It's great. I use it myself. And to say that Lightway was inspired by WireGuard is a very true statement. I think everyone will agree that when WireGuard first came out, it blew people's minds. No one really knew that VPNs could look like this, and it changed how people started viewing VPNs as a technology. That's all we really wanted, that sort of stuff. There's lots about WireGuard that we really, really wanted. However, it's also grounded very much by OpenVPN. We have over a decade of running a platform with OpenVPN. We like how the binary runs. We like how the connections work, how authentication works, how network assignments work. There's a lot of stuff that we'd learned running this that we were really happy with and really wanted to keep. One of the key things, Lightway is secured by Wolf SSL. I won't go into too much detail on the reasons why we picked it, but we did go through a whole host of different libraries before picking Wolf. But the key reason I mentioned it here is we did not roll our own crypto. So Wolf provides all the cryptography and the connection security for Lightway. None of that is implemented by us. And Wolf themselves have actually verified and confirmed that the implementation that we've used and how we've used a library is correct. And engineered by ExpressVPN, this I'm putting in there because we designed it to do very much what we wanted it to do. It's very opinionated, right? Like a lot of software, this was designed to solve our pain points. And chances are it will solve a lot of other people's pain points as well. But this deliberately fixes problems that we cared about. And we designed it with that in mind. So Lightway really is a mobile first open source VPN protocol. It's open source under the GPL v2. It emphasizes simplicity, security, privacy, and performance. That's really what we were trying to do with it. So what does it offer? Well, it's fast. Realize that's a very iffy thing to give without numbers. Everything is relative. But even in our basic builds that we're clocking, well over line speed for gigabit connections, it's power efficient. Lightway doesn't really do much of anything. If you're not passing traffic through it, Lightway is basically inert and on purpose. So things like sending heartbeats by default, Lightway doesn't do that because that would wake up your phone, that would draw battery, draw CPU, again, turns on the radio, more power, more CPU. We try to do as little as we possibly can there. And we're also using Wolf's hardware acceleration. So again, we're using less instructions and getting better power efficiency that way. It has first class support for TCP. Again, for lots of people, this is an irrelevant feature for us. It was absolutely critical. And so Lightway supports TCP just as well as it does UDP. It was designed to support easy extension. This is so that you can easily add things around the tunnel and also things through the tunnel. And this is because doing that with open VPN is quite difficult. You're not supposed to do that. But it's something that I need to do in my role. So I wanted to make sure that it was simple to extend. As a very simple code base, the first version we released publicly under the GPL was just under 2,000 lines of code. So it's quite a simple code base. People say, oh, the one code base is so simple, you could audit it yourself in a few days. While Lightway is so simple, you could probably audit it on a live YouTube stream. It's really that simple. Most of it is getting and setting in terms of the code itself. A big focus on privacy and the ideals there, so the ability to mask IP addresses from the client itself. This means that if you did have someone looking over someone's shoulder or looking at log files and things like that, you wouldn't really have to be concerned about trying to obfuscate it because the IP address doesn't actually have any real identification value. Everyone else on that system would have the same one. So where's Lightway today? It's been around three years carrying real world traffic. It protects around 4 million people around the world. So far this year, it's handled over 11 billion individual connections. We've transferred, on average, just over an exabyte of traffic so far. Also, it's independently audited by QA53. So once when we open sourced it and went live, and again quite recently, so again, we're keeping up the public quality of the protocol. This is just a very quick comparison to OpenVPN. Again, this is because this is what we were running and these values are relative, but if you've ever tried doing speed tests or performance testing, you know as well as I do that just spewing out numbers is not particularly helpful, but compared to users who had been using OpenVPN, people were experiencing twice as fast connection times. Reliability was improved by 40%, so connections were longer lived, and we're basically seeing double speeds on average across all users. So for Lightway tomorrow, while what currently is written in ANCC, we are making a big push to move this to Rust. Somebody's happy, and this is for all the reasons that you can probably imagine. Three years ago when I put this down, we were looking to support again those really embedded niche devices, and the Rust compiler wasn't there yet. It just wasn't going to do the job. That's no longer the case, and I think most of you probably know that Rust has moved on massively in three years. We are very excited about taking advantage of things like the memory safety, the borrower checker, performance, the much simpler code, and modern toolchain and things like hash maps being available out of the box is quite a nice thing too. We're also moving quickly to implement the post quantum protection. This is something that's been talked about a lot quite recently. It was a big topic of the real world crypto conference a couple of weeks ago, and to do with right now, we're seeing this save now decrypt later that even large companies are now doing, with the idea being that in about 10, 15 years, quantum computing will be at the stage where they can basically unzip the encrypted data that they're storing today. I can go into more deals later in the Q&A if anyone's interested, but the short version is the post quantum protection that we're looking to roll out will help protect against that particular threat. Also, we're improving open source reference clients. We have one right now. It's not great. It did the job, but it's not something that people would generally be able to run as their own server, their own client. We're revamping and improving that so that you can use it ultimately as a drop-in replacement for open VPN. We're hoping to get it packaged into distributions and things like that. Lastly, your community outreach and engagement. Part of the reason why I'm here today, and why we've been here the last few days, just to try to engage more with the community, figure out new things that we can do with this and new ideas and how we can make it more useful to more people. If you're interested in some of the stuff that we're coming up next, do have a Google Form that you can fill in. It's just an email address that we can contact you and just let you know, hey, here's where we're going. We're still trying to figure out the best way of doing that. Rather than trying to figure that out in a rush and get it horribly horribly wrong, we have something simple to get us started. Again, the usuals are social channels. If you are interested, please feel free to check us out anywhere there. Thanks for listening. All right. Thank you very much. I'm hopeful if you want to start getting set up. Yeah, we're going to do questions, but you can start getting set up in the meantime. Questions, Ryan? The TCP over TCP problem. You mentioned uniform IP addresses visible from the client. Are you doing termination in the client so you can avoid the lobbying format? To avoid the what? Sorry? The performance collapse of TCP over TCP when you have a drop packet. Based on the stuff that we've been doing, we very rarely see TCP meltdown scenarios these days. It's most common when you're on either a very poor network or you're on the edge of Wi-Fi and you get a significant number of drops. Normally, this cleans itself up quite nicely and compared to trying to have a workaround as opposed to just leaving it be and not using TCP at all, so far we very rarely see this in the field. Some of the stuff that we are doing to improve this is just having timeouts based in lightweight itself so that it knows when it's trying to send traffic if it isn't getting a response or you're not able to read from that socket after a period of time. It can affect you like a dead man switch and just reset that connection. Usually, due to what triggers those events, it's usually when it's in your pocket and not being interacted with. Usually, when those things would happen anyway, you wouldn't be aware of it. It wouldn't be happening just as you were typing something, for example. There's definitely things we can do to improve it, but so far it's not posed much for a problem. I wanted to ask, do we need to use ExpressVPN itself to utilize lightweight? Do we need to use ExpressVPN itself to utilize lightweight? For example, OpenVPN and WireGuard offer their own servers so we can set up in our servers. How can we use lightweight? Lightweight, as in the core protocol, it's on GitHub. It's fully open source. You can use it for anything. That is the core library. That's been designed specifically to remove any mention like TCP, UDP and stuff like that. You can hook it up in any way you can imagine to whatever you want. The most fun one we've talked about so far is doing lightweight over Google Sheets. You don't actually have to use TCP or UDP. You can stick it over a spreadsheet if you want. Your performance would not be great and you wouldn't be streaming anything, but you could build that connectivity. To answer your question more directly, we do have a very basic reference client as I alluded to earlier. That's being improved now. Over the next few months to the end of the year, we're looking to release better reference clients that are improved that you could use as your own server. You do not need to be an ExpressVPN customer to use lightweight. You can go and take the library now and build stuff with it, but soon there will be better suited clients. You can actually use it as an open VPN replacement. Is there any tentative date or any specific line that you're working with in the open source domain which has a promising deadline or data on which we can expect something that we can use on our own servers? Can you say that first bit again? Is there any open source client which is closely working with you so that I can expect the data on which we can try deploying this on our own servers to test it out? We do have a lot of people at Express who are very engaged with the open source community. I think we have a couple who are debbie maintainers. We have a couple who do a lot of work at open WRT. As part of the new validation and testing for the new work we're doing with Rust, that's what's going to cause these new clients to be created and released, but then we release as part of the Rust rework effectively. At that point we are looking to work with any open source distribution that wants to help and work with us, and we'll be openly trying to help, for example, ensure that we're able to package it in the right way. We're looking to work with distributions to try and get it out there. At least initially, you'd just be able to download it either from the crate or into your site, but we are actively looking to work with people to get it integrated into distribution so others can use it. Thanks for your presentation, Pete. Could you speak more to the post-quantum protection part that you're talking about? Do you have a framework and idea in mind that you're working on that you're exploring? Could you maybe speak a little bit more to that? Sure. One of the really nice benefits of using Wolf SSL as our library is Wolf SSL has already integrated post-quantum support as part of the LibOQS project. For us, actually enabling post-quantum security is effectively tweaking the configuration of Wolf and then rebuilding. We don't actually have to do anything particularly special for that. We don't have to implement new protocols or new layers. We're just going to take what's already there that someone else has already designed, tested, and certified, and we're going to use that. If anything crypto related, that's how we approach it. We try to do it hands-off. Do you want to know more about the actual issue or your core of the issue and just want to know the framework? We're just going to use it. If you go to our GitHub page, we create a system level wrapper for Wolf SSL already, so Wolf SSL-SYS. It's a Rust create for Wolf SSL. We've already integrated the post-quantum feature into that. Anyone can pull that create, set that feature, and they'll have access to Wolf SSL in Rust with the post-quantum stuff enabled. We're currently working on adding the high-level wrapper around it so that you can more easily use it with things like Tokyo, but the core stuff is already there, and it's already open for people to look at and see you're working. Cool. Two questions. One is, how do you handle expiry of SSL-SYS for this? The second one is about, what was the inspiration or why I got that you just stated from? Thanks. So Lightway itself doesn't really do anything specific with the SSL certs. It just uses whichever SSL certs that you provide it, so you can get those from any provider or your own CA if you want. So again, you can indeed use less encrypt. Again, another benefit of using Wolf SSL, like standing off the shelf certs, just work out of the box. So there's no restriction on how you create those or how you use them. As long as you have in the client the CA so that it can recognize the server, there's nothing you need to do that's special for that. In terms of inspiration, I think Warguard was super inspiring for a whole host of reasons. Until then, VPNs are always clunky. You always expect them to impact how you use your connection. It's going to get slower, latency is going to go up. This was just something that we kind of just assumed and expected would happen with all VPNs. I think what Warguard shows is that they can be lightweight and still be secure, and they can be really, really fast. In many cases, we've seen with Lightway that this actually improves internet connection performance. Obviously, this is testing through R-Service, and R-Service have awesome connectivity. Rather than going for your ISP provides, particularly for international long-haul stuff, by hopping into us, you can access that bandwidth. What traditionally be a case of, please use our VPN, it's not that bad. Now it's actually like we can improve quality of experience. The other way Lightway can do this for you is with it's like it can roam between Wi-Fi and Cell. If you are doing, say, a speed test and you're on Wi-Fi and you just turn Wi-Fi off and you drop back to Cell, your speed test will continue. It'll drop or change, of course, but your connection itself won't drop and your traffic won't be exposed. We found this actually be really helpful even going in elevators and things like that. When you get that WhatsApp call and you get in the elevator and like, I've just lost it for a second. When you come out, of course, you're usually waiting a few more seconds for it to realize that the network is back, the 3Ds come back, or 4Ds come back and trying things to catch up. With Lightway, because it's keeping networks that kind of alive and it very quickly recovers, usually the poor connectivity features in the stuff that runs on top of it, they never need to kick in. So you tend to get faster responses for things like, if you're running Grab or you're running Uber or something like that, you do tend to see more faster recovery, basically. I have a general XP-Pin question, I think, specific about Lightway. XP-Pin recently pulled out of India. There are no Indian servers from what I can recall the last news I read. How are you dealing with situations where more and more governments are having more regulations to control the VPN usage of the citizens? I have a specific use case where I need an Indian server and XP-Pin doesn't have it anymore from what I know. So how are you dealing around that? For the situation because I couldn't use any other VPNs, I set up my own VPN server on an Indian instance and then I am using that. Cool. I'm not a lawyer, obviously. So the India case was quite interesting. As soon as the Indian government said that we are going to put these restrictions in place, we immediately pulled all of our servers from the region. Once it's important for us to have servers there to represent people who want to use it there, privacy is our thing and we will not compromise on that. So as soon as there was any hint there might be some issues, we just pulled out of it straight away and we were the first to do so. However, what we do have for India, I'm not sure if you're aware, but we do have what we call virtual clusters. Again, we're quite open about these. These are clusters that you can connect to that will give you the geolocation of India. So for a lot of connectivity issues that you might have where you need to be in India with an Indian IP address, the virtual clusters can be quite beneficial for you. So if you haven't tried that, give that a go. Again, we are maybe a company, but we're a law-abiding company, so we make sure that we don't get into any of these sort of sticky situations. If we start seeing more cases of this, we will do the same thing. We will pull our servers out. We don't compromise on our privacy or how we build our service. Thank you. So I have a question about the actual cryptographic protocol you guys are using. So I just skimmed your reports from QA53. It seems to be that you're just using TLS because you mentioned that you use wealth TLS, so just actually use the TLS protocol. Pack all the network into a TLS tunnel and use that instead of wire guard. Yeah, so for the TCP side of things, we just use plain-vehicle TLS 1.3. The reason for that is it works really well and we haven't found any reason to change it. For UDP, we are still using DLS 1.2. We have certain extensions that were added to that from the TLS spec to give us a better key renegotiation, but we're already working with Warped Up greater to DLS 1.3. That will also then give us the post-quantum support as well on both the TCP and the UDP side. Yeah, okay, this was well known about so the PQC will be just using the TLS efforts that use that. Yeah, exactly, yeah. So with DLS, once we remove the DLS 1.3, we just get all the benefits of the TLS stuff and then we'll just use the standard of the shelf stuff again. Okay, thank you. Thanks. All right, any more questions? Any more questions? All right, thank you very much. Cool. Thanks everyone. Thanks.


Hi guys, this is Jason here from Nathaniel School of Music. In this challenge, I'm going to introduce you to something which has sort of tormented me over the past couple of weeks. I call it the Thresio Challenge. So basically, I want you to play the Thresio pattern along with a lot of other triplet groupings which don't really fall under the basic time feel of the Thresio to take you out of that, come back into that rhythm and at the same time, practice chord inversions like crazy. This will be a really, really good chord inversion exercise and at the same time, also practice one of the most challenging but yet very sought after and very popular left hand patterns. So there's a very common left hand pattern going on which you pretty much use for almost all the standard groovy music out there, whether it's Latin, whether it's rock and roll, whether it's any kind of stuff, right? We also call it the Umpa rhythm, Umpa, Umpa, Umpa, Umpa, Umpa. In the right hand, the challenge is to maintain the Thresio rhythm which is but not only play that. We add a kind of a flair and an arpeggio. So you're kind of tested to play your chords and your arpeggios in one exercise. So and then the next chord, back and then it starts getting crazy at the last chord which is the A7b9. So it's a four chord progression, Dm, Gm, Dm and A7 with a b9, that's the Bb, you see there, right? So I really hope that you will find the challenge exciting and it will help you in your growth. You don't have to do necessarily the whole thing. If you want to simplify your left hand, so be it. You want to simplify your right hand, so be it. So I'm just showing you the exercise with all the bells and whistles which I could think of while doing it, right? Within of course my comfort zone and then I pushed myself way out of my comfort zone and then made that sort of my new comfort zone. So that's generally how you practice stuff. So here's an exercise for you with inversion practice, with hand independence, with ear training, with rhythm training, with left hand, with a very important left hand pattern, the works. There's a lot going on in this exercise. So before we start the exercise, it will be great if you can hit that subscribe button, turn on the bell for notifications and this entire lesson will be supplemented with notation. So if you read music or if you'd like to learn reading a bit better, head over, get yourself a copy of the notation on Patreon and support us. It's $5 for an entire month where you get everything we will ever do on YouTube past and present and future. So I welcome you now to the Thresio Challenge.  Fine. So the chords are D minor, G minor, D minor and A7b9. Okay, D minor, quite easy. G minor is here and in some instances I'm playing G minor with a minor 6th version. I quite like that voicing. D minor is vanilla D minor and then A7th we are going to add color to the harmony because the rhythm of that chord is also going to go crazy. Okay, so I'm going to explain this to you over four cycles. The first cycle will sound like this. Okay, so as you can see something very different happened at that last chord. So let's go through the first cycle again and before we do the left hand pattern is going to be consistent throughout the lesson. So you do D minor like this. An important trick is start with your pinky, middle and thumb after which when you go to the fifth your middle finger has to be lifted for obvious mechanical reasons and then you put in your index finger. So there's a little bit of this work you need to get into your subconscious. So maybe you just want to work on this D minor, take some time on D minor, so this is all about the left hand. So also very important to staccato the top end of the chord, um, pa, um, pa, um, um means long.  So then the melody is coming, okay, just jam with something you know, you know, just to get cracking with that left hand thing, just get used to that then try out the G minor which is simple. A flat D broken and then switch, swap out your fingers, middle for index, you get your G minor and you come back to D minus the whole left hand is always going to be G minor back to the same old D minor and then a seven flat nine. I don't really care about that in the left hand much. I'm just playing a normal a major a major. So let's go through all the four chords again, D minor, D minor, um, para, G minor, um, and D minor, maybe jam a bit, G minor, just jam with basic melody, just play some song, you know, I don't know what I'm playing, but you get the idea of anything, okay, so just get used to some melody stuff in the right hand and now coming to the actual exercise. So the left hand, get it nice and well oiled. The right hand is quite easy. I'll just show you for the first three chords, which is always going to be like that. And then each cycle, I'm going to walk you through what stuff happens over that last chord, which is an a seven flat nine. So it's pretty much this phrasing in the right hand. So it's triad three hits. That's why we say thresio. Then you're adding that pinky at the octave. So okay, and the same story for the next chord G minor and you need to find the closest inversion. What is that D G B flat? So D minor root position, G minor inversion. And then you can even add a minor sixth or ignore that G minor D minor. Same story. And that goes on for the whole exercise, only difference being in the next cycles. There are four cycles towards the drill, right? So first cycle you do thresio, pa pa pa pa, thresio, pa da da da, thresio again, pa da da da. And then the a seventh chord, I'll teach you that. And then you do the same operation with the next inversion of D minor in cycle two, which will be and then G minor closest inversion.  So D minor started here, then F A D and lastly, third cycle, you're going to do A D F. So and then slightly tricky, just deal with that weird finger passage. So G minor back to D minor.  Fine. And the very last cycle, what happens is the D minor chord, you're going to express it in every inversion. So you do, that's all the three inversions you just did in cycle one, cycle two, cycle three, cycle four, you're doing pa pa pa pa. And I'm bringing in that arpeggio as well in the midway between the three inversions. That's basically the deal. So I'll just show you the right hand minus that a seven thing. For now, I'll just use it as a placeholder and just hold it like that for you. But we will deal with the A seventh very shortly. And the left hand again, what was it doing? Oompa. So whole thing G minor D minor and then the A seventh, then you go to higher inversion. Same left hand and then the A seventh, I'm going to teach you. Then you go higher third cycle and that A I'm going to teach you. And then the last cycle, that's the inversion drop, you could call it that arpeggio drop, arpeggio drop. Right. So just to cap it off, let's look at the dominant A seven flat nine at the end. Different stuff happens to each. The underlying strategy, which I have at that A seventh chord is I want you to work on your triplets. So I'm just trying to introduce all the possible kinds of triplets we have. So the first one happens in cycle one, where you go from two and three and four and one and while while you do this one and two and three and four and in the right hand you go da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da, da. So you're trying to give this is the pulse. This the left hand goes kind of goes eighth notes while the right hand is going triplets dividing the pulse by three pump pump pump pump pump pump pump pump pump pump. So the tricky part is how are you going to get the triplets there and the eighth notes there? That's the goal. That's why I've called it a challenge. It's something to just push yourself, hopefully out of your comfort zone. So you go right and then it comes neatly to the higher inversion of D minor right. So putting that together in cycle one triplet it lands here.  So A7 flat 9 has all these notes and I'm avoiding the A which is the obvious root which any way you're playing here. So I'm developing it in 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4. So 3 plus 3 plus 3 plus 3 equals to 12, 12 plus 4 equals to 16, that's 16, 16th notes for you. So which is adding up to the same cycle. So the earlier case I divided the beat by 3 in my run at the end. In this case I'm dividing it by 4 but phrasing it in 3, 3, 3, 3, 4 right. So okay so the whole thing with cycle 2 sorry cycle 2 started on the upper inversion of D minor. First cycle, second cycle then run. So I'm doing higher inversion of D minor and then it neatly takes us to the higher inversion of D minor. So first round A7 was triplet, second round was starting here the accented phrase. It will be if you use a bit of conical, you can count it out easily by saying, then it goes neatly to the top. So coming to the third cycle now let me demonstrate it and then explain it uses 16th note triplets at the end of the bar, 16 no triplets basically means you're dividing the pulse by six so that'll be daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga daga triplet triplet triplet triplet right takite takite takite takite takite takite so it's a bit faster so I've designed it again in a nice two octave arpeggio run for you to practice let me play it once and show you remember D minor now starts off up top here earlier it was here cycle one cycle two and now cycle three G minor as usual, and D minor, run, okay, so that run was, and then it ends. Let me try and help you with the fingering, or that, you can just work on that. We cross after, maybe do it in pieces, and then slightly on the quicker side I would imagine. So that's about the third one, if you can play it, otherwise maybe do another embellishment which you learned earlier. And now coming to the fourth one which I really like, remember the embellishments are all in thinking of threes. First we did 8th note triplets, then we did groupings of threes, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, because we had to compensate, you know, for that last 16, for it to add to 16. Now we just learned the 16th note triplets, which is still 3. The last one would be using dotted notes, okay. Let me just show you. The last one, remember the, before the filler, you're doing descending chords. Now, what's happening there? I'm also voicing the diminished chord, or the A7b9, in these ways, one and a, two and a, three and a, four and a, two and a, three and a, four and a, two and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, four and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three and a, three the accents of those notes, what we call as a dotted feel, or using dotted notes in music, so the challenge of that is, there are no arpeggios, it's these intervals. Try that out. And then okay, let's try and get the whole equation a bit slower. I'll call it out as best as I can. Cycle 1, triple it, triple it, higher inversion, accents 3, the 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, then 3rd cycle, triple it, descending inversions, end with 3rds dotted. Okay, so that's right. If you didn't follow much of what I said, and if you read music, the notation is waiting for you on our Patreon, head over, check it out. You may be a notation kind of person, so read it and nail it. The speed or the tempo I'm completely leaving to you. So the reason why I called it the Thresi or challenge and used that word challenge is so that you guys can do it and send it to me. So it'll be great if I can hear your submissions, you could easily send it to me on my Instagram channel by just sort of you release it and then tag me, I will get a notification and then I can definitely share it with on my on my portals. So all the best with the challenge. I hope it will help you with all these many things. I've tried to put in a club, chord inversions, a bass pattern, triplets, arpeggios, inversions, all of this in one and all the best with it. And if you're energized enough after having done it, well, the icing on the cake would be to transpose it to a couple more scales and see how that can work as well. Again, guys, this is Jason here from Nathaniel. If you haven't already, don't forget to hit that subscribe and more importantly, the bell button for notifications whenever we do new lessons. And consider following us on Patreon. There's a lot of stuff there and a lot more stuff which is going to be coming out there, including lessons, more videos, which we'll be putting out there and so on and so forth. Cheers and thanks for watching.


Well, Bemidji is now in good company. It's one of three bird cities in the state. Hattie Clodder explains. Hastings in St. Paul, Minnesota have something in common. They're the first two Minnesota bird cities, and now Bemidji is on the list. There are a few requirements to receive the title of a bird city. Improving habitat for birds. Another has to do with supporting conservation action in town across a whole range of environmental issues. And a third has to do with reducing threats to birds. Presented by the Audubon Minnesota Society, a bird city designation recognizes a community with bird-friendly initiatives. Bemidji State University campus has several pollinator gardens and lake shore restorations that have utilized ana plants. There are ways to help improve the livelihood of birds and help protect them. You can start by using pesticides that don't harm insects which in turn harm the birds who eat them. A ceremony was held at Cameron Park and Bemidji Mayor Rita Albrecht was present to accept a certificate and says a designation can help promote birding. Hopefully we'll be a way to attract tourists here and people in our community will really appreciate that we have paid attention to our habitat and to the birds. Although the loon is the state bird, Purple Martins also call Bemidji home. There's summering in the north to take advantage of the abundant insects and Lake Bemidji certainly provides abundant insects. Purple Martins use these nest boxes and Bemidji State University conducts research. Including the new houses I found last week, we probably have 120 breeding pairs in Bemidji. The celebration also coincided with International Migratory Bird Day in Bemidji, Haiti-Clauder, Lakeland News. The city is working on signage that'll greet anyone who drives into town so they know Bemidji is a bird city. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


The study determined inulin, sugar, phenolic, and antioxidant content in Burdock, Arxium-Lapa-L, root extracts obtained through pressure-liquid extraction and ultrason-assisted techniques. The results showed that the ultrason-assisted extract had higher inulin content and total phenolic compounds, while both methods exhibited high antioxidant activity. This article was authored by Nadezhda Pekkova, Ivan Ivanov, Dasha Mihailova, and others.


CHAPTER XXV of Mary Louise Solves a Mystery by L. Frank Baum. Red for LibriVox.org into the public domain. An Interruption. Before you sign this promissory note, remarked Janet Orm, as Elora reluctantly seated herself at the table, you must perform the other part of your agreement and give me the present address of your father, Jason Jones. He lives in Dorfield, said Elora. Write his street number here on this separate sheet. The girl complied. Is it a private house, or is it a studio? A cottage. Father doesn't paint any more. That is very sensible of him, declared the nurse, yet I wonder how he can resist painting. He has always had a passion for the thing, and in the old days was never happy without a brush in his hand. He had an idea he could do something worthwhile, but that was mere delusion, for he never turned out anything decent or that would sell in the market. Therefore the money he spent for paints, brushes and canvas, money I worked hard to earn, was absolutely wasted. Was your father keep any servants? One made, an Irish girl born in the town. Still economical, I see. Well, that's all the information I require. You have given your word of honour not to notify him that I have discovered his whereabouts. Is it not so? Yes, said Elora. Now, sign the note. Elora, pen in hand, hesitated while she slowly read the paper again. She hated to give fifty thousand dollars to this scheming woman, even though the loss of such a sum would not seriously impair her fortune. But what could she do? Sign it, girl, exclaimed Janet impatiently. Elora searched the note for a loophole that would enable her afterward to repudiate it. She knew nothing of legal phrases, yet the wording seemed cleverly constructed to defeat any attempt to resist payment. Sign! cried the woman. With a pen hovering over the place where she had been told to write her name, Elora still hesitated, and seeing this nurse's face grow dark with anger. A sudden click sounded from the hall door, but neither heard it. Sign! she repeated, half-rising with a threatening gesture. No, don't sign, please! said a clear voice, and a short, stumpy girl with red hair and a freckled face calmly into the room, and stood smilingly before them. Janet uttered an exclamation of surprise and annoyance, and sank back in her chair, glaring at the intruder. Elora stared in speechless amazement at the smiling girl whom she had never seen before. How did you get in here? demanded Janet angrily. Why, I just unlocked the door and walked in, was the reply, delivered in a cheery and somewhat triumphant voice. This is a private apartment. Indeed! I thought it was a prison, said the girl.  Perhaps I'm wrong, but I guess I'm right. The nurse paled. The look she flashed from her half-failed eyes was a dangerous look. She knew in the instant that the stranger had come to liberate Elora, but the next instant she reflected that not all was lost, for she had already decided to release her prisoner without compulsion. It was important to her plans, however, that she obtain the promissory note. So instantly controlling herself she lightly touched Elora's arm and said in her usual soft voice, Sign your name, my dear, then we will talk with this person. Elora did not move to obey, for she had caught a signal from the red-headed girl. I object to your signing that paper, protested the stranger, seating herself in a vacant chair. I have at the faintest idea what it is you're about to sign, but if I were you I wouldn't do it. It is the price of my liberty, explained Elora. Well, this is a free country and liberty doesn't cost anything. I have a carriage waiting outside, and I will drive you back to the Colonel and Mary Louise free of charge. You won't even have to whack up on the cab hire. The nurse slowly rose and faced the girl. Who are you, she demanded. No one of importance was the answer. I'm just Josie O'Gorman, the daughter of John O'Gorman of Washington, who was a lieutenant in the government's secret service.  The aforesaid John O'Gorman declares I'm not. He says I must learn a lot before I become a real detective, so at present I'm just practicing.  That wasn't an easy job for an amateur detective, I assure you, and it cost me a lot of time and some worry, but Glory B., I've now got you located and Mrs. Orm's jig is up. The nurse moved softly to the door that led into the passage and locked it, putting the key into her pocket. Now, she said with another flash of those curious eyes, I have two prisoners. Josie laughed. I could almost have sworn you'd try that trick, she remarked. It was on the cards and you couldn't resist it.  But my daddy has taught me, in his painstaking way, not to be caught napping. A good soldier provides for a retreat as well as an advance. I've been on your trail for a long time, and only this morning succeeded in winning the confidence of the cab man who drove you here. I wasn't sure, of course, that you were still here, until I saw Elora's face at the window a while ago. Then I knew I'd caught you. The cab is a closed one and holds four inside, so I invited three policemen to accompany me. One is at the back of this house, one at the front door, and the third is just outside here on the landing. Probably he can hear us talking. He's a big man, that third policeman, and if I raise my voice to cry out he could easily batter down the door you have locked and come to my rescue. Now, will you be good, Mrs. Orm? The nurse realized her defeat. She deliberately took the note from the table and tore it up. You have really foiled me, my girl, she said philosophically, so if you knew all you would not blame me for what I've done. You've decided not to dig any money out of Elora, then? It wouldn't matter to her, but I have abandoned the idea. However, I shall insist on making Jones pay me liberally for my disappointment. Now, take the girl and go on. Get your things, Elora." Josie regarded her thoughtfully. I had intended to arrest you, Mrs. Orm, she remarked. But honestly, I can't see what good it would do, while it would cause Mary Louise and the dear Colonel a heap of trouble in prosecuting you. So unless Miss Jones objects— All I want is to get away from here, to be out of her clutches, asserted Elora. Then let us go. The woman deserves punishment, but doubtless she'll get her just desserts in other ways.  Janet Orm unlocked the door to the passage. Then she stood motionless with drooping eyelids while the two girls passed out. Elora, greatly unnerved and still fearful, clung to the arm of her rescuer. When they had gained the street and were about to enter the closed automobile, she asked, Where are the three policemen? Invisible, returned Josie very cheerfully. I had to invent that story, my dear, and the recording angel is said to forgive detectives for lying. She followed Elora into the car and closed the door. Drive to the Blackington, please, she called to the driver. And as they whirled away, she leaned from the window and waved a parting signal to Mrs. Orm, who stood in the upper window, her face contorted and scowling with chagrin at the discovery that she had been outwitted by a mere girl. CHAPTER XXVI. OF MARIE LOUISE SOLVES A MYSTERY by L. FRANK BAUM. Read for LibriVox.org into the public domain. Jason Jones. The Colonel and Peter Canot had just entered the drawing-room of the suite at the hotel and found Mary Louise absent. This was unusual and unaccountable, and they were wondering what could have become of the girl when the door suddenly burst open and Josie's clear voice cried triumphantly, I've got her, I've captured the missing heiress at last. Both men, astonished, rose to their feet as Elora entered and with a burst of tears threw her arms around the old Colonel's neck. For a few moments the tableau was dramatic, all being speechless with joy at the reunion. Colonel Hathaway patted Elora's head and comforted the sobbing girl as tenderly as if she had been his own grandchild or Mary Louise. Josie perched herself lightly on the center-table and, swinging her legs complacently back and forth, explained her discovery in a stream of chatter, for she was justly elated by her success. And to think, she concluded, that I never missed a clue, that it was really the nurse Mrs. Orm, Mrs. Jones's old nurse, who stole Elora, according to our suspicions, and that her object was just what I thought, to get money from that miser, Jason Jones. Daddy will be pleased with this triumph, I'm pleased, Mary Louise will be pleased. And, by the way, where is Mary Louise? I don't know, confessed the Colonel, who had just placed Elora, now more self-possessed in a chair. I was beginning to worry about her when you came in. She seldom leaves these rooms except for a few moments, and even then she tells me or leaves word where she is going. I spoke to the clerk when I returned, and he said she had left the hotel early this morning, and it's now four o'clock. Josie's smile faded and her face became gray. Now, who, she said, could have an object in stealing Mary Louise? Complications threaten us in this manner, and the first thing we must do is— Oh, Elora! exclaimed Mary Louise, who had softly opened the door and caught sight of her friend. Next moment the two girls were locked in an embrace, and Josie, a shade of disappointment struggling with her sunny smile, remarked coolly, Very well! that beats the champion female detective out of another job. But I might have known Mary Louise wouldn't get herself stolen. No such adventure ever happens to her.  An adventure has happened to me, Josie, and—and I hardly know how to break the news. She held Elora at arm's length and looked gravely into her friend's face. Elora noted the serious expression and said quickly, What is it? Bad news for me? I—I think not! replied Mary Louise, hesitatingly. But it's—it's wonderful news, and I hardly know how to break it to you. The best way, remarked Josie, much interested, is to let it all out in a gush. Wonderful stuff never causes anyone to fate. Elora, said Mary Louise solemnly, your father is here. Where? He is just outside in the corridor. Why doesn't he come in? asked the colonel. He needn't have worried about me, said Elora in the sullen tone. But I suppose it was the danger of losing his money that— No! interrupted Mary Louise. You mistake me. Jason Jones, the great artist, a splendid, cultured man, and a sharp rap at the door made her pause. Answering the colonel's summons, a bell-boy entered. For Mr. Canot, sir, he said, offering a telegram. The lawyer tore open the envelope as the boy went out, and after a glance at it exclaimed in shock to surprise, Great Heavens! Then he passed the message to Colonel Hathaway, who in turn read it and passed it to Josie O'Gorman. Blank silence followed, while Mary Louise and Elora eyed the others expectantly. Who did she say is outside in the corridor? demanded Josie in a puzzled tone. Elora's father, replied Mary Louise. Jason Jones? Jason Jones, repeated Mary Louise gravely. Well, then, listen to this telegram. It was sent to Mr. Peter Canot from Dorfield and says, Jason Jones killed by falling from an airplane at ten o'clock this morning, notifies daughter. Elora drew a quick breath and clasped her hands over her heart. Even genial as the two had been, Jason Jones with her father, her only remaining parent, and the suddenness of his death shocked and horrified the girl. Indeed all present were horrified, yet Mary Louise seemed to bear the news more composedly than the others, as if it were a minor incident in a great drama. She slipped an arm around her girlfriend's waist and said soothingly, Never mind, dear, it is dreadful, I know.  And yet, Elora, it may all be for the best. Josie slid down from the table. Her active brain was the first to catch a glimmering of what Mary Louise meant. Shall I call the man in? She asked excitedly. The man whom you say is Elora's father. No, answered Mary Louise. Let me go for him, please, I. I must tell him this strange news myself. Try to quiet yourself, Elora, and—and be prepared. I'm going to introduce you to Jason Jones. She uttered the last sentence slowly and with an earnestness that bewildered all her hearers, except perhaps Josie O'Gorman, and then she left the room. The little group scarcely moved or spoke. It seemed an age to them, yet it was only a few moments, when Mary Louise came back, leading by the hand a tall, handsome gentleman who bore in every feature, in every movement, the mark of good-birth, culture, and refinement, and in a voice that trembled with nervous excitement the girl announced, This is Jason Jones, a California artist, the man who married Antoinette Sieber. He is Elora's father, and the other—the other—why, the other was a fraud, of course, exclaimed Josie. CHAPTER 27 of Mary Louise solves a mystery by L. Frank Baum. Read for LibriVox.org into the public domain. What Mary Louise Accomplished I am quite sure it is unnecessary to relate in detail the scene that followed Mary Louise's introduction, or the excited inquiries and explanations which naturally ensued. To those present the scene was intensely dramatic and never to be forgotten, but such a meeting between father and daughter is considered too sacred to be described here. Mary Louise's intuition had not played her false. She had found at the Congress Hotel another Jason Jones, far different from the ones she had known, and a few questions elicited the fact that he was indeed the father of Elora. So as briefly as she could, she told him how another man had usurped his place, and seized all of Elora's income, at the same time willfully depriving the girl of such comforts and accomplishments as one in her position should enjoy. And to think, she added indignantly, that he is not Jason Jones at all. I believe you are mistaken there, replied the artist thoughtfully. Jason is a family name derived from one of our most eminent ancestors, and in my generation it is also borne, I have learned, by one of my second cousins, a Jason Jones who is also a painter and aspires to fame as an artist. I have never met the man, but his indifferently executed canvases, offered for sale under our common name, formerly caused me considerable annoyance, and perhaps interfered with my career. But of late I have not heard of this Jason Jones, for soon after my separation from my wife I went to Southern California, and located in a little bungalow hidden in a wild canyon of the Santa Monica Mountains. There I have secluded myself for years, determined to do some really good work before I returned east to prove my ability. Some time after Antoinette died I saw a notice to that effect in a newspaper, but there were no comments, and I did not know that she had made me guardian of our child. That was like Antoinette, he continued in gentler tones. She was invariably generous and considerate of my shortcomings, even after we realized we were not fitted to live together. Her renunciation of me seemed harsh at first, for I could not understand her ambitions, but in fact she drove me to success. I have won the grand prize, after all these years of patient labour, and from now on my future is assured. Have you never long for your child? asked Mary Louise reproachfully. I have indeed. In imagination I have followed allura's growth and development year by year, and one of my most cherished anticipations, when coming here, was to seek out my daughter and make myself known to her. I knew she had been well provided for in worldly goods, and I hoped to find her happy and content. If my picture received favourable comment at the exhibition I intended to seek allura. I did not expect to win the grand prize. It was this newly discovered Jason Jones and his daughter, who already loved him and shyly clung to this responsive and congenial parent, who went to Dorfield with the Colonel and Mary Louise and Peter Cannot and Josie O'Gorman to attend the obsequies of the other less fortunate Jason Jones. Mrs. Orm was there, too, Mrs. Janet Orm Jones, for she admitted she was the dead man's wife, and told them, in a chastened but still defiant mood, how the substitution of her husband for the other artist had come about. Many years ago, when I was nursing in a New York hospital, she said, a man was brought in with both arms broken, having been accidentally knocked down by a streetcar. I was appointed to nurse him and learned from him that he was Jason Jones, a poor artist who was, however, just about to win recognition. He showed me a newspaper clipping that highly praised a painting, then being exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which was signed Jason Jones. I know now that it wasn't his picture at all, but the work of his cousin, but at the time the clipping deceived me. I was ambitious to become something more than a nurse. I thought that to be the wife of a famous artist would bring me wealth and a position in society, so I married Jason Jones without love, and he married me, also without love, in order to get my wages. He won where I lost, for during several years I foolishly supported him with my savings, always expecting him to become famous. At first he attributed his failures to his broken arms, although they had healed perfectly, and I ignorantly accepted the excuse. It was only after years of waiting for the man to prove his ability that I finally woke to the truth, that he had no talent, and then I left him to his own devices. In Chicago I sought to forget my unfortunate past, and found regular employment there in my profession. It was while nursing Mrs. Jones that I overheard her give to Dr. Anstruther the supposed address of her husband, which had been furnished her by a casual acquaintance, and tell him to wire Jason Jones to come to her at once. I well knew a mistake had been made in that she had given the doctor my own husband's address, the address of an entirely different Jason Jones. My first impulse was to undeceive her, but that would involve humiliating explanations, so I hesitated and finally decided to remain silent. When the doctor had gone to telegraph and the die was cast, I reflected that my husband, whom I knew to be sunk in poverty, would ignore the request to come to Chicago to be reconciled to his dying wife. My Jason wouldn't care whether I lived or died, and wouldn't have spent a cent to be reconciled with me. For of course he would think it was I who asked for him, since he would know nothing of Antoinette Seaver Jones, or that she was the wife of his distant relative, the other Jason Jones. He did indeed answer Dr. Anstruther by saying he would not come unless his expenses were advanced, so the good doctor launched the future deception by sending him ample funds. I knew of this action, and wondered what I ought to do.  Knowing her condition to be dangerous, I feared the shock would kill her, which it really did, for still I kept silent. I told myself that I had not aided in the deception in any way, that it was a trick of fate, and I could not be blamed. I thought that when Dr. Anstruther met my husband there would be explanations and the truth would come out, but somehow that did not happen. Jason Jones walked into Antoinette Seaver Jones's room expecting to find me dying, and saw a strange woman in the bed, and his wife, in good health, standing before him. He let out an oath in his surprise, and my patient, who had raised up in bed to stare at him, uttered a lo-mone and fell back on her pillow, dead. I saw the tragedy and involuntarily screamed, and Jason Jones saw she was dead and cried out in fear. I had just time to recover my wits and whisper to him to keep his mouth shut, and I would make him rich when Dr. Anstruther hurried into the room. The whole thing was unpremeditated up to that time, but now I assisted fate, for I had witnessed Mrs. Jones's will and knew well its contents. No one seemed to know there were two artists named Jason Jones, and everyone accepted my husband as Elora's father and the one entitled to her guardianship, and to profit by the terms of the will. An hour after Mrs. Jones died I secured a secret interview with my husband, who until then had been thoroughly bewildered and explained to him that the mistaken identity would, if he took prompt advantage of it, give him the control of an enormous income for seven years, until the child reached the age of eighteen. He was fearful at first that the other Jason Jones would appear and prosecute him for swindling, but as the husband of Antoinette Siever had not been heard from in years, even by his own wife, I induced him to accept the risk. It was I who virtually put that income into my husband's hands, and in return he agreed to supply me with whatever money I demanded, up to half of his receipts. But he proved that there is not always honour among thieves, for after he had been made legal executor of the estate and his fears had somewhat subsided, he endeavored to keep all the money for himself, and begrudged me the one or two installments I forced him to give me. Strangely enough, this formerly poverty-stricken artist now developed a love of accumulation, a miserly love for the money itself, and hated to spend to any of it, even on himself or on the girl to whom he owned his good fortune. The coward actually ran away and hid himself in Europe, and I, having spent all the money he had given me, with the idea I had an inexhaustible fund to draw upon, was forced to turn nurse again. After three years I had saved enough to follow him to Europe, where I located him at a lonely villa in Italy. Its very loneliness was my undoing, for he made a husky servant lock me up in an out-house, and there I was held prisoner until Jason had again escaped to America. He thought he could hide better in the United States, and that I wouldn't have the money to follow him there, but I had fortunately saved enough for my return passage. By the time I got home, however, he had completely disappeared, and all my efforts failed to locate him. So I returned to Chicago, and again resumed my profession. You will say I might have denounced him as an imposter, and made the police hunt him up, but that would have ruined my chances of ever getting another penny of the money, and might have involved me personally. Jason knew that, and it made him bold to defy me. I silently bided my time, believing that fate would one day put the man in my power. You know how I happened to find Elora in Chicago, and how I lured her to my home and kept her there a prisoner. It was found that the dead man had made large investments in his own name, and as he had left no will, Janet declared that this property now belonged to her as his widow. Peter Cannot, however, assured her that, as the money had never legally been her husband's, but was secured by him under false pretenses, all the investments and securities purchased with it must be transferred to the real Jason Jones, to whom they now belonged. The court would attend to that matter. And it serves you right, madam, added Peter Cannot, for concocting the plot to swindle Elora's father out of the money his dead wife intended him to have. You are not properly punished, for you should be sent to jail, but your disappointment will prove a slight punishment at least. As far as I knew, answered Janet, defending her crime, Elora's father was either dead or hidden in some corner of the world where he could never be found. To my knowledge there was no such person extant, so the substitution of my husband for him did no injury, and merely kept the income out of the clutches of paid executors. Had the right man appeared at any time during these four years to claim his child and the money, he might easily have secured them by proving his identity. So the fault was as much his as mine. Jason Jones had personally listened to the woman's confession, which filled him with wonder. While severely condemning her unscrupulous methods he refused to prosecute her, although Mr. Cannot urged him to do so, and even carried his generosity to the extent to presenting her with one of her dead husband's small investments, obtaining from her in return the promise to lead an honest and respectable life. It had been the artist's intention to return to his California bungalow, but after the probate court had acknowledged him and had transferred to him the guardianship of his daughter, he decided to devote the coming years to Elora and endeavour to recompense her with fatherly devotion for the privations and unhappiness she had formerly endured. Elora did not wish to be separated from Mary Louise, so her father purchased the handsome residence of Senator Hewling, which was situated directly opposite to that of Colonel Hathaway in Dorfield, and succeeded in making it a real home for his daughter. Josiah Gorman went back to Washington well pleased with her success, although she said, with a little grimace of feigned regret, I did pretty well for an amateur, for I tackled a tough case and won out, but after all it was Mary Louise who solved the mystery and restored Elora to her honest and true father. End of MARRY LOUISE SOLVES A MYSTERY by L. FRANK BAUM Read by Cibella Denton in Carrollton, Georgia, in March 2009.