Fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty, high-o silver, the Lone Ranger! No one did more to bring law and order to the early western United States than the masked rider of the plains. Astrid is great horse silver he rode tirelessly in the cause of justice. History does not record his deeds, but his memory will never fade from the minds of those who have heard the stories of his adventures. Return with us once more to the thrilling west of yesteryear, the Lone Ranger rides again, leading to Fort Paxton, narrowed as it crossed the Blackfoot Hills. For more than three miles it was a dangerous ledge with a drop of hundreds of feet below and a sheer granite wall rising above. As our first act opens, we see the Lone Ranger and his faithful Indian companion, Tonto, following the trail westward. Bullcrummer's gang is somewhere in these hills, Tonto. Then not far now. Have you noticed any new signs, Kimosabi? Unto find only place where them can't. That's something I can't understand. Until last night they seemed to be following this trail, but today there's no sign of them. Maybe soldier hide signs. Yes, the party of soldiers ahead of us may have covered their tracks. How far ahead are the soldiers, Tonto? One mile, maybe two. I wonder if Bull could have learned of the money they're taking to the Fort. Bull, find out many things. If he's learned, the soldiers have at least $40,000 with him. He'll do anything to get it. What army do with cash? One of it is the army payroll. The rest is for the Indian agent at Clear Lake. I hope Bull knows nothing about it, but I... What that? I found a hope.  Why would anyone use blasting powder in this part of the country? There are no mining here. There's no mining and no farming. It wouldn't have been used to clear stumps. Plenty big noise. Can you tell where it came from? Come from up trail. That's where the soldiers are. I wonder what you think. I wonder if Bull Kremmer could have had anything to do with that blast. Oh, that may be right. We're going to find out right now. Come on, Silver. Get him up right, Conard. Thus flash ahead of the masked man. The blast had started a thundering avalanche of rocks and earth, which completely blocked the narrow trail followed by the soldiers. We hear Lieutenant Jack Harris in command of the small detachment shouting orders to his confused men. Turn your horses, men. We've got the back trail. What's going on with that playboy? We might have been killed. Look, some of the trails have been carried away. Lucky for us, we've got the back trail. You, Simmons, straighten those horses out. Barker, stay away from the edge of the trail. There's a thousand-foot drop. Hang in your pockets, sir. But ain't there no chance of going ahead? The trail's completely blocked, Sergeant. Grasp it. That means an extra day to get to the port. We'll be lucky if it doesn't mean worse than that. This landslide didn't start by itself, Sergeant. Didn't you hear that explosion? Yes, sir, but I didn't. There's no time to waste, Sergeant. Take charge of the men. Get them started on the back trail at once. I'll handle them, sir. Hey, there they get.  Hey, get that horse in the hand. You're holding up everything. Lieutenant, Lieutenant. Right here. Whoa, whoa, whoa. What is it, man? I've seen riders coming towards the bend. Riders? It's probably 15 of them. They come down that gully back there. The leech's come up above. I was afraid of this.  Bull Cremor. Bull Cremor started that avalanche. We can't go forward, and he rode down from the cliff that cut us off from behind. There they come now. He's after the gold we're carrying. The rain for six of us. What are we going to do? The best we can. Get up there.  Where are you going? We've got to save that money.  Get along with you. Come on. Wait, Lieutenant. Then get hold of your sure. Come back here. Fight them off, men. Fire at will. Don't let those cooks get the gold. He ain't got a chance. It's Bull Cremor's awful. He's working on an old ride, Cap. There was a slick notion of yours, Bull, setting that blast so as we could come at the soldiers from behind him. If we'd done it any other way, there wouldn't have been enough of us. We got them just where we want them. Hey, Jim. Get them horses that are carrying the cash. Yeah, Jim's getting them all right. I don't like the way our fellas is getting shot up. Well, there ain't any of them hurt bad yet. Yeah, but now we won't be able to make the bad land some one ride like I was playing in. I ain't got any. I never thought of that. Once in a bad land, we can split up and nobody can follow us. Yeah. We've got to make camp before that to let the boys rest up with me and me in trouble. Hey, look, Jim and some of the boys, you got hold of the Lieutenant. I got him. But I thought you told him not to take any prisoners. Can't use me on no show. Jim, bring that Lieutenant over here. All right, boys. Hey, you soldiers over there.  Jim, put the Lieutenant on a horse and see they don't get away from you. Have the boys got the cash? Yeah. They've already started for the gully to get back on the cliff. Good. You rotten killers. Now don't go to fret, Lieutenant.  But what do you want with a Lieutenant bull? I told you I had a notion, didn't I? Yeah, but... They're taking his fellow along with us. So that the soldiers come, they can't do nothing but fear we'll shoot him. Uh-huh. Then we'll get the boys a chance to get arrested before we reach the bad lands. Hey, that's all right. Go on, Jim. Put them on a horse, like I said. Sure thing.  Let me go. You can't get away with it. I got a couple words for that Sergeant over there. Sergeant! Hey, Sergeant! Keep still! I got a warning for you. And the boys have been shot and taken care of? They're far along behind the horses with the cash. Then we'd better be... Hey, what's that? Someone's coming. We'd better get moving before they get between us and the gully. Can you see how many there is? Can't see a thing. Then we ain't taking no chances. Come on, fellas. We're riding. Back up the gully to the cliff. All of you. Come on, Jim. We got very lucky. He didn't get all of us. There comes two fellas on white horses.  One of them's mad.  They saved our lives showing up just like they did. Bull most likely would have shot us all before he left. Hi there! Hello, fellas. Hello, hello, hello. What's happened here? Bull Kremmer just rode off. He blocked the trail, so the cash we was carrying. And took Lieutenant Harris with him? Tata and I didn't pass them on the trail. They went back up to the top of the cliff. But I don't know how. There's a gully back there. They can climb with their horses. You must have just missed them. Now what are we going to do, Sergeant? I don't know. We ought to ride after them outlaws. But somebody's got to report this to the fort. Listen to me, Sergeant. Yeah? We'll all follow the outlaws. Tata here can follow that trail without trouble. But it won't do any good to report to the fort until we know where the outlaws have gone. Maybe you're right. Bull is probably heading for the Badlands. It'll be dangerous to lose his trail. He won't be getting there for a while yet. No?  They'll have to stop for a while so they can rest up. And we'll find where they stop. Stranger, you sound to me like you savaged what you were doing. He sure does. So you just give the orders and we'll follow along. Are all your men mounted? Sure they are. But we've got some wounded, too. They should be able to ride as far as the outlaws can. They can do that all right. Then come on before they get too much of a start on us. Come on! Led by the masked man and Tonto, the soldiers followed the outlaws. Bull Kremmer headed in the direction of the Badlands. But the condition of his men forced him to call a halt in the hills facing Birch River. They chose a place for their camp where they could fight off any attack. We hear one of the outlaws as he addresses his chief. How long do you figure you'll have to stay here, Bull? Things is worse than I thought. Maybe we'll be here a week. And the soldiers could be brought here from the Fort in just a couple of days. That's why I've rung along the lieutenant when I saw how bad off he was. Yeah? And I got a scheme to get us out of here without no harm. You have? Do you see where the river is? Yeah. There ain't nothing between the river and the Badlands, but that valley beyond. But what about that? Just leave things to me. Before I'm through, we'll have the cache and be where nobody can lay a hand on it. I wish I knew what you were. Bull, the soldiers followed us here. I reckon they would. That don't matter, then. The sergeant and the massfeller just rolled up to camp. They want to talk with you. They sure got nerve up plenty. Tell them to come on over here. I'll do that. What in blazes can they have up their sleeves? They just hang it at tall terms, that's all. They want the lieutenant back again. I sure wouldn't write into this camp if I was in their boots. Go, Silver. All right. Blast your bull. What have you done with young Jack Harris? You'd like to have him back, eh? Bull, look here. Why don't you grab a hold of these fellas, too? Then the soldier sure wouldn't dare touch it. Don't be fools. Huh? We investigated before we entered camp. Yeah? Your men can't be moved for several days yet. By that time, the soldiers can be brought here from the force. That's just why I... We came here to talk. But if you make us prisoners, soldiers will know you can't be trusted. And will attack even if it means our lives. Well, what about it? Well, suppose you keep out of this, cop. I'll do the planning with this bunch. We want the release of Lieutenant Harris. Uh-huh. And we want a chance to get to the badlands. And perhaps we can come to terms. Nope. Not just yet. Why not? Before I'm going to make terms, I want to see every soldier from the fort outside there. Bull, have you gone clean, local?  I said, that's what I'm doing. You say you want all the soldiers brought here? Well, I'll be done. I sure think that'd be about the worst thing you'd anger for. You don't think I'm going to give you a chance to set a trap, do you? A trap? There ain't nobody but the soldiers in this part of the country that I'm afeard of. Yes? I want to know where every blame one of them is. I think I know what you have in mind. If you do, mister, it's a blame sight more than I do. And if the soldiers are brought here, then what? That's all I aim to tell you right now. You'll get the soldiers and then we'll talk some more. We'll do that. But just remember one thing. I know how many soldiers are in the fort. And if every blame one of them isn't here, then the lieutenant ain't got no more chance of living than if we shot him right now. Come, Sergeant. Here, go back to our camp. Then I'll ride to the fort. Maybe you fell a savage in what you're doing, but I sure don't. You'll earn bull's scheme soon enough, Sergeant. Hey, old steel! The curtain falls on the first act of our thrilling Lone Ranger drama. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. How to continue our story. Bull Cramer stole $40,000 in gold from an army train and captured Lieutenant Jack Harris, escaping just before the arrival of the Lone Ranger. The outlaws, however, could not reach the safety of the badlands because of their wounded. They made camp in the hills facing the Birch River, and there told the masked man would follow them. They would not release their prisoner until all the soldiers from Fort Paxton had first been brought to the spot. As our second act opens, we see the masked man after his ride to the fort being brought into the presence of Captain Brent. Captain Brent! Well, what is it? I'll explain my errand, Captain. A masked man. He made me bring him, Captain. An outlaw. Get out of here. I'm not an outlaw. Read this note. What's the meaning of this? Orderly. Put this man under arrest. Stand where you are, orderly. Put down those guns. Read that note, and I believe you'll change your mind about arresting me. Note? It's from Sergeant Murphy. You've seen him? You know what's happened to the money we've been expecting? The note explains everything. Hmm. If this is a trick, good heavens. The money's been stolen. And Lieutenant Harris is Bullcrammer's prisoner. Orderly. Tell the bugler to sound assembly. We ride at once. One moment. But I... Captain, you'll have to take all your men. I'll take every man I can spare. I said every man. Nonsense. It is necessary. And I can't leave the fort deserted. Those are Bullcrammer's orders. I'm not taking orders from that outlaw. And the life of Lieutenant Harris will be in danger. But I tell you... It's a deadlock, Captain. You can take a part of your men and either attack the outlaws or starve them out. That's exactly what I'll do. But Bullcrammer is desperate. He wants to escape with that $40,000. If you prevent him, he won't hesitate to shoot his prisoner. He wouldn't dare. Why wouldn't he? Bull knows he'll hang anyhow if he's captured. Another murder won't change his punishment. But... But I've got to do something. I think I know what Bull's scheme is. Yes? He demands that you bring all the garrison so that you can't hold back soldiers to set a trap for him. I see. I believe he'll make terms for the Lieutenant's release when you've shown him that your men are with you. I seem to have no choice. Do you agree? I do. Orderly. Have assembly blown, as I told you. Have my horse brought outside. I want every man in the fort ready to ride at once. Yes, sir. Now, I have a question to ask. Just what have you to do with all this, stranger? I met your soldier just after Bullcrammer's attack. Yes? Tato and I helped follow the outlaws and I offered to return with a message to you. I think the sergeant's note proves the truth of your story. It should. Come. We'll be on our way in a minute. Good. This means that we'll probably save the life of Lieutenant Harris. But the money will be lost. I believe we can get the money, too, Captain. What's that? Steady silver. You said we could get the money? Not only that, Captain, but capture the outlaws as well. Impossible. I'm sure I know what Bullcrammer's planning. But I'll explain later. We must get started at once. Orderly. Yes, Captain. Are the men all armed and ready? Yes, sir. Then follow us. Oh! Led by Captain Brenton, the Lone Ranger, raced to the hills near Birch River, where they joined the small squad under the command of Sergeant Murphy. Then, accompanied by the captain who knew the masked man's plan, the Lone Ranger once more rode to the outlaws' stronghold for a conference with Bullcrammer. Bull, silver, bull, bull. We want to speak with Bullcrammer. He's been looking for you. Don't try no tricks now. You'll have to get shot. Don't stand there, man. Get moving. Hey, Bull! Here's the masspeller again. They'll only come over here. Get along with you. Gun, silver. See, you brought the soldiers, like I said, Dick. Bull, silver. Bull, that's bull. But you've harmed Lieutenant Harris. Check. You don't have to worry about him, man. We ain't harming them, listen, you fellas get stubborn. Where is he? You can see him right over there by that tree. Hmm. All right. We've done as you say. Every trooper in my command is with me. Now, let's get down to business. Captain, there's just one way you can save that young fella's life. Yes? First thing, you're gonna line up your soldiers across the way where I can see them. And then what? When you've done that so as I can see you ain't trying to trick me, I'll take the fellas that's with me and ride out of here. Go on. We'll take the Lieutenant along with us. We'll cross the river right across the valley of Badlands. Then when we're sure we're safe, we'll let the Lieutenant go. One moment. Yeah? You'll release Lieutenant Harris when you reach the river. Now, look here. You're honest with us. That'll serve your purpose just as well. The soldiers can never catch you before you reach the hill. Don't listen to him, boss. You've got nothing to lose. Just what's your idea, Matt? You let Lieutenant Harris go with the river. We can tell whether you've kept your word or not. You know, blame will will keep our word. We don't want to keep that fella with us any longer than we have to.  Those are the only terms we'll make. Awesome. Tell me it's just some kind of a trick. Ain't I told you enough to keep out of this when I'm thinking things out, carp? Now, you keep still. Moreover, Bull, if you were a man you have with you when crossing the valley, the better time you can make. Yeah, in that sense. And you agree? Yeah, I don't know why I shouldn't. All we want is to get safe out of here with a cash. Like you say, the river's enough head-starred first. And it'll be in plain sight of the soldiers. They won't be willing to wait until Lieutenant Harris can return from the Badlands to learn that he's safe. Man, it's a bargain. Not yet, Bull. But the man's pellet just said it was... You'll have to give us an hour first. What for? I want to talk this over with my men. They may not be willing to give you a chance to escape. If they don't, they sure won't never see the Lieutenant alive again. We'll return to our camp. Then, at the end of the hour or before, I'll give you my decision. Yeah, that's good enough, I reckon. But if you try to send any soldiers ahead to cut me off, I'll know it. You have my word. Every soldier in my command will be drawn up where you can see him when you're right out of camp. They better be. Come, Captain. And you ain't getting one second over the hour either. Right. Let's go, friend. Come on, soldier. Name it all, Bull. Boy, you let him talk you into a thing like that. And what's wrong with it? I don't know, Bull. You don't want to keep the Lieutenant? The sooner we're rid of him, the better. Yeah, that's so... I don't aim to put him on one of our good horses. So if he rides all the way to the Badlands with us, he'd be slowing us up considerably. Yeah, maybe you're right, Bull. It's just that I got a feeling that mask fella was up to something. There ain't a thing he can do. If the soldiers are where we can see him, there won't be nobody to stop us. Now, forget about your worry. We got other things to do before we're ready to ride. Captain Brent, following the instructions of the Lone Ranger, waited until the hour was almost up before informing Bull that he agreed to the terms. Then, while the soldiers paraded in plain sight on the side of the hill, the outlaws rode forth from their camp. Lieutenant Harris with them. We see them just as they've crossed Birch River. Hey, boy. All right, Jim. Cut them ropes on the Lieutenant. Yeah. You rotten killers. You aren't going to get away with this. Oh, still, won't you? I'd expect me to get you loose, jigging around like that. I'd rather be killed and see you men escape. Well, that ain't the way the cabin feels about it. I hope he's off, then, Bull. Well, Lieutenant, you came in right hand. If you hadn't made me a prisoner, you'd never have got away with this. That's just why I thought of this scheme. Oh, why let him get away?  Then the soldiers can't catch him. Sir, let the fella go. I ain't got nothing against killing the line of business. There ain't no sense doing it for no reason at all.  You've got a lot to learn. Now, on your way, Lieutenant. We'll meet again, Bull. If we do, you will be the arm-rated sir. All right, get along with it. Come on. Say, Bull, I just thought of something. What's become of the masked fella and the engine that was with them soldiers? I don't know. What's the difference? But maybe they rode ahead of us. Let him.  Maybe not. But that masked fella looked too darn slick to suit me. Come on. Get in for the hails before the soldiers try to come after us. Get up there. Come on.   Find us in there. You fellas just let me think things out, and you'll always keep any of the fellas that was wounded. Uh-huh. Have the soldiers took out after us yet? No. They're recklessly savvy, they can't get us. What are we going to do when we get to the Badlands, Bull? Well, I was thinking to be a good idea to split up. We'll divide the gold, then meet again when we come out on the other side. Yeah, if we blame sure, nobody can pass. It's a masked fella again. Come on. If he and the injured gunny notion is stopping us, we'll shoot him down. He won't have no chance again, uh... Bull, huh?  What's that? I see him. Well, I'll be. He's very fine. The whole plane varies a blade. And the winds are coming this way. Hold it. Hold it. Hold it. We can't make it through them planes. We've been tricked. That's what the captain wanted an hour for. Forgive the masked fella. Change the ride ahead of us. And that's why he wanted to let the lieutenant lose at the river. We'll ask him. We've got to go back. We've been burned alive. And the fighter's getting closer. The soldier's getting closer. The soldier's getting closer.  And that's what we've got to do. Come on, fellas. Turn your horses. We've got a ride for our lives. Get up, boys. Get up, boys. This man's came worked. A pirate will, man. They're coming right toward us, captain. Why, golly? I'll knock off a couple of those farmers. Don't let a man escape. Bull is the man I want, captain. I'll get him if it's the last thing I do. They've crossed the river. And there ain't no way for him to go except this way. Let him have it, boys. He's a yellow coyote. He's a dead monkey with the army. Captain, they're shouting something. Cease fire. Hold your fire, boys. Throw down your arms. The horses with the gold are safe, captain. Good. All right, Bull. Come forward. Hold your hands in the air. You only got us by a trick, Blashtier. But it was a trick that will put you where you belong, Bull, at the end of a hangman's rope. Bull, I told you I didn't trust that mask, fellas. I was out of thinking of starting a prairie fire. You and your slick scheming.  Sergeant. Yes, sir? We're under guard. We're starting back to the force. I'll take care of them, scum, captain. We'll give them a fair trial, and then they'll hang. Captain, where's the mask, man? I'm afraid we've seen the last of him, Lieutenant. But we ought to thank him. We're too late. There he is. Do you see him? He's riding down the valley. Well, I'll be all gone. He won't even come back to be thanked after saving the lieutenant, getting the gold, and capturing the outlaw. The story you have just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindi News Analysis by Shankara Ace Academy for the date 26th of August 2021. The list of news articles chosen for today's discussion is displayed here. So today we have two editorials and one opiate article and we have four topics from the prelims perspective and in these articles we are going to see about the benefits of soak pits. We will see about a term called as tokenization and we also see about qualified institutional buyers. So on a whole today we have three topics from mains perspectives and four from prelims perspective. So now let us move on to the first discussion for today. So our first discussion is going to be based on this snippet article from the business page which talks about an important term called as tokenization. The news is that the Reserve Bank of India has extended the scope of tokenization. So today we will see what is this tokenization and why is it necessary. See this tokenization refers to the replacement of actual card details with an alternate code. Here the card details which we are talking about is the debit card and credit card details and this alternate code is called as the token. So this token is unique for a combination of card token requester and device. See here the term token requester refers to the entity which accepts the request from the customer for tokenization of a card and this entity passes the request to the card network so as to ensure corresponding token. So remember the token issued corresponds to the combination of these three that is the combination of card token requester and device. So actually what happens in tokenization see initially the card holder initiates a request on the app provided by the token requester for tokenization. Then the token requester will forward this request to the card network and then the card network gets the consent of the card issuer and then issues a token corresponding to the combination which we just saw and most importantly note that for availing this service the customer need not pay any charges. So what if we want to convert back to actual card details. See this can also be done and this process is called as detokenization. So detokenization is when the token that is issued is converted back to the actual card details. I note that this process of tokenization and detokenization can be performed only by the authorized card network but why is it necessary why we are talking about it. See it is necessary to ensure the safety of the card transaction. Initially we saw that the card details are replaced with the token and this token is an alternate code. So in a tokenized card transaction the actual card details are not shared with the merchant during the transaction processing that means the actual card data the token and other relevant details are stored in a secure mode by the authorized card network after tokenization and it is not shared with the merchant. Apart from this the token requester also cannot store the primary account number that is the pan number or the card number or any other card detail and this also ensures the safety of card transaction. Therefore through tokenization there is protection against counterfeit protection against account misuse and other forms of frauds also. So from this you can easily conclude that the goal of tokenization is to reduce or eliminate the risk of loss of sensitive data. Apart from this there is also another goal which is to avoid expensive process of notification loss reimbursement and legal action if such sensitive data is lost. I note that as of now this tokenization is not mandatory it is just based on the discretion of the customer. If you want to do a transaction after tokenization then you can do it otherwise it is not mandatory. But there is one certain restriction this tokenization is not allowed in all scenarios or instances that is it was previously allowed only when the tokenization was through mobile phones or through tablets. But when the tokenization was through mobile phones or tablets then it can be used for all purposes and channels. For example if you want to do a contactless card transaction through mobile phone then here tokenization can be used and similarly if you want to pay through QR codes using mobile phones or tablets then also tokenization can be used. So it meant that this feature of tokenization was restricted to mobile phones or tablets only and it was not available to smart watches or other search devices. But why am I saying was here it is because currently this restriction has been relaxed which is the news today. The news mentions that the scope of tokenization has been extended to other consumer devices also. So from now on tokenization can be used through mobile phones tablets laptops desktops and wearables such as wristwatches and bands and also can be used through internet of things devices. So what are these devices it includes smart watches smart refrigerators etc. So remember to use this tokenization the next time you do a card transaction this is a much needed initiative in the payments industry. So that is all in this discussion we saw about the term tokenization and its benefits. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this editorial article which talks about net zero emissions. The author of this editorial focuses on how the net zero emission criteria is biased and why it needs a course correction. So today we will discuss the essence of this editorial and for that we will also understand some important concepts such as net zero emissions negative emission per capita emission etc. So before getting into the discussion the syllabus relevant to the discussion is given here take note of it. First let us understand what is this net zero emissions. See this term means that all man-made greenhouse gas emissions must be removed from the atmosphere through reduction measures. Let us understand in simple terms you all know that when we burn fossil fuels and all we produce greenhouse gases. But can we simply stop burning fossil fuels and eliminate greenhouse gases. The answer is no because even now a major chunk of electricity fuels etc. they come from fossil sources only and that is why being without emissions is almost impossible at this point of time. And since fossil sources are required to some extent after emissions we also try and remove the greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere and such removal can be achieved even through artificial methods like carbon capture or by planting trees. So if the amount of greenhouse gas produced is captured then the net addition of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere is actually zero and this is what is called as net zero emission. Let us take an example to understand this. We just saw that artificial methods like planting trees can be used to remove greenhouse gases. How see these plants they act as carbon sink. When we use the term carbon sink it means anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases. So plants and trees they are carbon sink. So if as a country we are emitting 10 percentage of greenhouse gases for instance then by planting trees we are absorbing 10 percentage of greenhouse gases then the net addition of greenhouse gases that is released into the atmosphere is actually zero. This is the net zero emission. The amount which you have released should be absorbed through some measures. Here you should also understand the concept of negative emissions. Negative emission is when we capture more of greenhouse gas than we produce. For example if you are emitting 10 percentage of greenhouse gases and we are absorbing 12 percentage then here we are absorbing 2 percentage more. So this is called as negative emissions. But in the current scenario we can understand that the least thing which we can do is zero emissions and in the future we can aim for negative emissions and this is what it also being advocated by the climate activist Greta Thunberg. So remember these concepts. Now another concept that you need to understand before getting into the discussion is the concept of per capita emission. Now to understand this term we are going to take another example. Assume that there is a city. This city is A and this city A has 100 people and these 100 people they use electricity vehicles and all and because of this they emit some amount of greenhouse gases. Let us assume that these 100 people together they emit 1000 tons of greenhouse gases. So the total emission of the city A is 1000 tons here. But if we consider the emission per person then it will be 10 tons only because 1000 divided by 100. 100 is the number of people in that city and this value is the per capita emission. So this per capita emission is irrespective of the individual consumption where the total emission is divided by the population. But exactly you should understand that the emissions per capita is measured as the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the country as a consequence of all relevant human activities and it is divided by the population of that country. So what is India's per capita emission? According to World Bank data as of 2018 India's per capita emission is 1.8 tons. So we have understood the concept of net zero emissions negative emissions per capita emissions. Now let us understand the editorial. See we have been burning fossil fuels for a long time especially since the industrial revolution. So at that time the developed countries emitted greenhouse gases without any apprehensions about climate change. They burnt fossil fuels joyously they emitted greenhouse gases and they developed because at that time a lot of industrial and everyday activity were based on fossils. But now that period has ended and now the concern is on the climate change because when we emit greenhouse gases then global warming happens and this in turn leads to climate change. But this scenario is biased against the countries like ours. Why? Because we are still in the developing stage. So we need to ramp up our economic activity and for that we will also want to depend on fossils because as we just saw a lot of industrial and everyday activities are based on fossils only. But now the scenario is that the developed countries they have already used the fossils and they have emitted greenhouse gases and because of that climate change is already happening. But the concern about climate change has started now only and due to that the countries like ours such as the developing countries and the least developed countries we are pushed into a position to emit less. Here what do we mean is that the developed countries have already used the carbon space or the greenhouse gas space. So now we have only limited space to use if we are concerned about climate change and if we have to keep the temperature of earth stable. But even then the developed countries in the international arena they are proposing to bring down emissions based on total emissions. But this is unfair we can understand that. Why? Assume that you as a person you do not emit any greenhouse gases. But being in a city when we consider the emissions of a city then when we calculate the per capita emission then it will mean that you are also emitting some amount of greenhouse gas. So when this scenario is extrapolated to country level then as a country even if we are emitting less but then also we are forced to use or adapt measures that will help us to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions such as moving on to green energy and using fossil fuels less than less. But the argument is that if we want to become like the developed countries of today's world then we also need some space to use the fossil fuels and unfortunately it is not available. And this is unfair and this is the reason why author of this editorial recommends an alternative for measuring the responsibility of each country regarding the greenhouse gas emissions. The author has recommended to measure this based on per capita emissions. Now you may have a doubt how this will help. Now to understand this we are going to take certain data. If you look at this pie chart this graph is about total emissions of different countries around the world and as you can see India is in the third position China is in the first position followed by United States. And then if you look at this map here the dots represent the emissions level so larger the dot larger the emissions. So based on this map you can say that India is also among the top countries responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. But if you take Africa which is the least developed country it emits near to nothing according to this map. But is this the true scenario are we really emitting that much greenhouse gas emissions to a extent yes and to an extent no. Why because the scenario is different when we consider the per capita emissions of each country. As you can see in this table you can see the per capita emissions of China, United States, India and Russia. And as you can see India has the lowest per capita emissions among these developed countries. Our carbon dioxide emissions per capita is just 1.91 tons which is just 12% of what United States actually emits. So you can see that as a country we burn very little of fossil compared to USA, China or Russia for the development of one particular individual. And that is why author is suggesting to measure the responsibility of each country depending on the per capita emissions. So here it is only fair to allow us to emit more while the other developed countries shoulder more responsibility on the emission reduction front. And in this regard accepting net zero emissions by 2050 actually prevents India's urbanization and India's shift of rural population into the middle class. See this net zero emissions by 2050 is proposed by many countries. For example if you take the European Union it has a European Green Deal under which it has committed to climate neutrality by the year 2050. So based on this other countries are expecting India to set a target like this. But since we are at the developing stage such a target will affect us in many ways because our efforts to pull the people out of poverty will be hampered if we focus on emission reduction. And this is the only reason why the developed countries need to contribute more in this regard. They can have high targets and it can be even achieved without affecting their population and their economic growth. Now the substantiation for such an argument is that the adverse effects of climate change or adaptation is no longer a local concern but a global concern. So every country is anyway going to face the brunt of climate change and therefore it is important for the nations to look at the issue with a global perspective rather than a parochial attitude. And only then we can ensure a sustainable and livable planet. So these are some of the points that you can take note from this editorial article. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Okay now let us take up this news article. It mentions about the Sujalam campaign that was launched by the ministry of Jal Shakti. Here you should understand that the term Sujalam means water. So just remember ministry of Jal Shakti here Jal also means water. So Sujalam campaign is related to water. See this campaign aims to create 10 lakh soak pits in villages across the country and this will be done over the next 100 days under this campaign. Now this move has been initiated to help in the management of grey water and to prevent the clogging of water bodies. So in this regard let us first understand what are these soak pits and how important they are in the grey water management. See these soak pits are a closed rectangular or circular construction which is covered up with porous walls or perforated walls. As you can see in this image this is a soak pit which is in the shape of a well. Now this pit is directly connected to the primary treatment unit of a residential building or commercial building. So what is the function which it performs? See it lets the wastewater which is coming from the septic tank of the building to slowly soak into the underlying ground. So it helps in the process of the wastewater from the septic tank to reach the underground and in this way the soak pits have an important role to play in grey water management. See these soak pits are generally connected to a primary chamber of a residential building or commercial building and this primary treatment unit or chamber can be a septic tank it could be a biogasettler etc. So usually the water that is coming out of such a primary treatment chamber is not pure so it is the effluent water or the sewage water and this water is called as the grey water. Now the issue was that this grey water needs to be subjected to some treatment before letting it into the ground soil. See here you should understand that even though there is no intention to directly use the wastewater that is coming from the primary treatment unit still it is safe to partially treat the effluent water through a soak pit before the water is getting into the environment. So for this partial treatment most of the wastewater management system needs a soak pit and there is also another purpose of the soak pits because they also help in preventing water logging and they ensure hygiene in the surroundings of the houses. See we know that in villages due to lack of household drainage channels the water is from bathroom and kitchen they are let into the road or sometimes they are let into the backyard of the houses and this leads to stagnation of water which can potentially cause waterborne diseases such as malaria but this stagnation of water can be prevented by soak pits. Then another benefit of soak pit is that it helps in reviving water bodies because generally in rural areas this grey water will be directly dumped into the common water bodies which in turn pollutes the water bodies. Now since these grey water will be let into the soak pit it will not be dumped into the common water bodies and thereby the water bodies will remain unpolluted. So these are the three main benefits of constructing a soak pit and the news is that under the Sujalam campaign government is aiming to create 10 lakh soak pits in villages over the next 100 days. So we can say that this campaign contributes to the flagship program of the government which is Swach Bharat Mission. If you can remember the first phase of Swach Bharat Mission aimed to achieve an open defecation free status and this was done by constructing toilet in every rural household and also by persuading all villagers to use that toilet. Now in the second phase the mission aims to sustain and extend the sanitation gains that were gained in the first phase. So that is why the second phase has been named as open defecation free plus and this will be done by focusing more on solid and liquid waste management. Now through the construction of soak pits under Sujalam campaign the liquid waste management has been taken care of. So in this discussion we saw about the Sujalam campaign about soak pits and we also saw about grey water management. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is based on this second editorial article which is titled as income and quotas. Here the term quota is referring to the reservation in our country. So you can understand that the article basically deals with the concept and limitations of reservations in our country. So you know that Indian constitution permits for special provisions in favor of socially and educationally backward classes and constitution also provides reservation in government employment for backward classes. So in this regard the government of Haryana recently issued a notification which specified the criteria for the exclusion of creamy layer within the backward classes and the editorial is written on this context only because recently this notification has been quashed by the supreme court where the supreme court has noted that this notification is in deviation with the criteria laid down under the Indra Sohani case law regarding the creamy layer concept. So that is why our today's discussion is going to be based on this creamy layer concept and what is the criteria set by Indra Sohani case and you'll also see the notification of Haryana government and why it was quashed by the supreme court. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First let us see about the Indra Sohani case and the criteria. See as you know whenever we talk about reservation the judgment of Indra Sohani case is very important for us. This case law is also known as the Mandel commission case. It is important because under this case law supreme court laid down the concept of creamy layer. This concept plays a prominent role when it comes to reservation of backward classes. So what this term actually mean? In simple words the term creamy layer refers to the well-off among the backward classes. Here well-off would mean not only economically well-off but also socially advanced. So what is the criteria laid down in this case for determining the creamy layer? See primarily in this case law supreme court held that those persons who are from backward classes who occupy certain posts and who earn certain income they are to be categorized as creamy layer and these persons and their children will be excluded from the benefit of reservation and they will be considered under the unreserved category. So who are all under this creamy layer criteria? See those persons who are from backward classes and those who occupy posts in higher services and their children. So what are these services? It includes the high ranking constitutional functionaries and employees of certain rank in the union and state government such as the the IS officers, IPS officers and all India services officers. These officers and their children would be treated as creamy layer without any further inquiry. Why because these persons have already reached a higher level of social advancement and economic status. Apart from this those people who are having sufficient income are also to be treated outside the backward class category. So this includes the persons who are having higher agricultural holdings and who receive income from properties beyond a prescribed limit. Now in addition to this persons having identified annual income beyond a certain limit were also directed to be excluded from the benefit of reservation in this Indra Sohani case. So these are the criteria laid down by Supreme Court for determining creamy layer. Those who are fulfilling these criteria they will be called as belonging to the creamy layer of backward classes. So they will not get any reservation benefits. But as you can see here the economic criterion alone is not used to classify member of backward class as belonging to creamy layer. Rather the social status is also considered that is if the person is in a high position then that means they are socially well off. So this criteria is also used here to determine the creamy layer. This was the crux of Indra Sohani case and the creamy layer concept. But what did the Haryana government do? See under its notification it prescribed a different criteria for the classification of creamy layer. See this notification was issued under its backward classes reservation and services and admission and educational institutions act of 2016. This is a state act and according to this those children who belong to a household having a gross annual income of up to three lakh rupees they shall be first considered to get the benefit of reservation in services and also during the admission in educational institutions. And after them the remaining quota was prescribed to go for those from the backward classes who earn more than three lakh rupees but up to six lakhs per annum. So this three lakh to six lakh was the another quota criteria and lastly those sections of backward classes who earn above six lakh per annum they were to be considered as creamy layer according to this notification. And the reason given by Haryana government for this is that this sub classification amongst the backward classes will ensure that people with lower income in this category will get the benefit of reservation. But as we just saw in the Indra Sahani case the economic criterion wasn't the only one that was used to determine creamy layer. The social criterion was also used but here this criterion has been rejected by the Haryana government through this notification because it only mentions the annual income of the household. It doesn't mention whether they belong to a particular post in the government sector or they have certain agricultural holdings or not. It doesn't consider all these aspects and that is why it is said that the criterion set by Haryana government for determining creamy layer is contrary to the one set by supreme court in the Indra Sahani case. But here the surprising fact is that even its own law that is the 2016 act of Haryana which we just saw under which the notification has been issued this law itself prescribes that for the purpose of determining and excluding the creamy layer within a backward class the social economic and other factors have to be taken into account. So this provision has also been totally ignored by the Haryana government and that is why supreme court has quashed this notification. And through this supreme court has reiterated that the economic criterion cannot be the sole criteria for classifying a person under the creamy layer category rather their social economic and other factors have also to be considered while determining the creamy layer concept. So this judgment has given an interesting dimension to the affirmative actions implemented in our country. So if there is a question and problems that whether economic criterion is the only one for determining creamy layer then the answer would be no. The answer should be social economic and other factors. So keep this fact in mind with this let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be based on these two news articles. These two news articles they talk about NMP. Here NMP stands for National Monetization Plan. So in today's discussion it is first understand what this plan is and then we will discuss the news articles. Now to understand NMP we need to understand national infrastructure pipeline or in short NIP. See this NIP envisages an investment in infrastructure of about 111 lakh crore rupees and this amount will be raised and it will be invested over a five year period of 2020 to 25. So we can see that this is a huge investment under NIP. Now according to one of the estimations by the report of task force for NIP it says that the traditional sources of capital are expected to finance 83 to 85 percentage of the capital expenditure envisaged under NIP. So around 83 to 85 percentage of this 111 lakh crore will be through traditional sources but the remaining 15 to 17 percentage needed a way to be financed and for this purpose only now the government has rolled out the national monetization plan. See this plan is for about four years and this four year period corresponds to the remainder of NIP period. We saw that NIP is for 2020 to 2025 and now we are in 2021 so this NMP will be from 2021 to 2025 which is around four years. Now under this NMP government is expected to raise about six lakh crore rupees as capital and this will be around four to five percentage of the money that is needed for NIP. So what will the government actually do under this monetization plan? See what the government will do is it will give the revenue rights of a public sector brownfield project to a private entity that is a private entity may take the revenue from a public undertaking for a specific time and in return that private entity will give a lump sum amount to the government. Now the amount that is received from the private entity will be used by the government to fund the infrastructure projects under the national infrastructure pipeline. So here you should not confuse this concept with the concept of disinvestment because in disinvestment some part of the ownership is given away by the government but in a monetization plan the ownership is actually retained by the government but the revenue collection rights alone they are given to the private entity for a specific period and that too in return for money. And as you already saw the government is only giving away brownfield projects. So what is this brownfield? To understand this you need to know about greenfield projects. See whenever we refer to a project as greenfield it means that the investments are made for the first time in a project or it has been made for the first time in a plan or it has been made for the first time in a place but at the same time when investments are made in the already existing plan or in an already existing project or when the investments are made in a project that is half completed then it is called as brownfield project. And another fact that you need to remember is that currently only assets of central government line ministries and the central public sector enterprises that are in the infrastructure sector have been included under NMP. So these are some of the details that you need to know about the national monetization pipeline or national monetization plan. So now let us come to the news article. See this one news article mentions that a political body is raising apprehensions about this monetization plan and this next news article mentions that already a private foreign entity has been cleared for investing in this NMP. So from this you should note that the investment under NMP is also open to the foreign entities. So these are some of the facts that you need to know about NMP. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Our next discussion is going to be based on this opiate article and this article is a just about the potential of MSMEs in India and the article also discusses why MSMEs should adopt the industry 4.0. So today we are going to discuss about industry 4.0 and its relevance to MSMEs. The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. So first of all let us know what is this industry 4.0. See this industry 4.0 is also referred to as fourth industrial revolution. So if you remember we had three industrial revolutions. The first one used water and steam power to mechanize production and the second industrial revolution it used electric power to create mass production and the third industrial revolution it used electronics and information technology to automate production and this fourth industrial revolution which we are discussing now it is building on this third industrial revolution only. So what is it about? It is about building a digital revolution that is the fourth industrial revolution is building a digital revolution using the electronics and information technology. And as you saw in the beginning this fourth industrial revolution is also known as industry 4.0 or industry 4.0 and according to the opiate article this term of industry 4.0 was coined by German government in the year 2011 and this government gave this term to the current trend of automation interconnectivity and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. And why these automation interconnectivity and data exchange is necessary? It is necessary to increase productivity. So the technological terms which we often see nowadays such as additive manufacturing, internet of things, cyber physical systems, augmented reality or virtual reality, data analytics all these are the technologies associated with industry 4.0. So what is its purpose? See the purpose of every revolution is to boost the production to next level and a revolution helps in the process of transition to the new manufacturing processes. So now let us see how industry 4.0 will help to boost the production. See mainly the manufacturing industries can make data driven decisions with the help of these technologies. So in this way it will help to boost the production and especially the data which is generated during operation of the industry is also stored at low cost and since we are using technologies that have the availability of advanced algorithms this stored data can be analyzed for decision making in real time. So this industry 4.0 helps us to integrate data with the manufacturing and information technology and in this way it helps to boost the production. And when we are talking about industries MSMEs that is the micro small and medium enterprises they are assuming importance in our country but author of this opiate article feels that MSMEs are facing certain challenges in adopting these new technologies under the industry 4.0. So let us see what are these challenges. The first challenge is the lack of awareness about industry 4.0 and the lack of awareness about its benefits. See it is said that MSMEs consider these technologies as disruptive and they feel these technologies have the potential to demolish the existing system. Actually this is true in a sense because whenever a new technology takes over it is termed as disruptive technology only here we should focus on the term disruptive technology. See it refers to the innovations that significantly alters the way that consumers industries or businesses actually operate. So these disruptive technologies sweeps away the existing systems or habits and it replaces them. And how it does this it is possible because these disruptive technologies are recognizably superior to the existing ones. For example we are using GPS every day we use e-commerce online news sites we are using ride sharing apps all of these are examples of recent disruptive technology only. See here you should remember that certain technologies which we are using even for decades such as automobiles electricity service and television these were also considered disruptive technologies when they were first introduced and just because we call them disruptive doesn't mean that they do not have any benefits. And this is the issue with MSMEs because the MSMEs are not recognizing the benefits of these disruptive technologies that are present under the fourth industrial revolution and this is the opinion of the authors of this opiate article. Now other than this the second challenge that is facing MSMEs is that to adopt industry 4.0 they have to make major financial investments because they have to make investment in the right set of technologies and for this they also need expert advice and they currently lack the financial muscle to invest in these kinds of technologies. So this is another challenge faced by MSMEs. Now the third challenge which they face is during the creation of a positive organizational culture so as to adopt the industry 4.0 technologies. Here the MSMEs have to trust the advantages of the technologies and they have to win the support of people and then only they can actually understand that these technologies are less disruptive and they are more beneficial. And the fourth challenge faced by MSMEs is the lack of framework and guidelines. See if there is certain framework and guidelines then the MSMEs can use them while adopting these industry 4.0 technologies. But since there is no framework for that it makes it difficult for them to understand these technologies and the final challenge is present in identifying the relevant tools and practices which they need for this industry 4.0 revolution. So here authors suggest that MSMEs should develop their own vision of industry 4.0 technologies and they have to choose the tools accordingly. So on a whole what is the way forward or what should the MSMEs do so that they can reap the benefits of industry 4.0. See here you should first understand that MSMEs are expected to become the backbone of India as our economy grows larger and larger. So the MSMEs should embrace industry 4.0 without any hesitation. And for this purpose the governments entrepreneurs industrial associations trade unions venture capitalists and research agencies all of these importance stakeholders should be sensitized. And this will help to speed up the task of helping the MSMEs to adopt to industry 4.0 revolution. And in this way we can say that India is actually on a right path. We already have a digital India initiative and because of this India already joined the group of top 50 countries in the global innovation index for the first time this happened in 2020. And using this as a stimulant MSMEs should start raising capitals for entering into the new phase of industry 4.0. This is particularly important in the current scenario of pandemic because most of the healthcare infrastructure in India is MSME dependent. So once these MSMEs adopt and adapt industry 4.0 technologies then they can easily overcome the manufacturing challenges which they face now. So through this we have understood the need for MSMEs to adopt and adapt to industry 4.0. In this discussion we saw what is this industry 4.0 and its relevance to MSME. Now let us move on to the next discussion. So our next discussion is going to be from this snippet article from the business page. So it is going to be an economics topic. See the news is that Kenara bank has raised around 2500 crores through the qualified institutional placement route. So today we are going to discuss about this qualified institutional placement route and we will also see another relevant term which is qualified institutional buyers. First let us see what is this qualified institutional placement or in short QIP. So this QIP is a fundraising tool for the listed companies. Just remember it is related to listed companies. We will see what is a listed company later. And this process of QIP was introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India that is SEBI and it was introduced to enable the listed companies to raise finance through the issue of securities to the qualified institutional buyers. So here the process is called as qualified institutional placement and the one who is involved in this process is called as the qualified institutional buyer. So before understanding this term qualified institutional buyer or in short QIB let us first understand what is a listed company. See it is a company whose shares are quoted on the stock exchange or we can say that it is a company listed on the stock exchange. Then what are securities? Securities are the tradable financial instruments and these instruments are used to raise capital in the private market and the public markets. And primarily there are three types of securities. The first one is the equity or equity. This equity provides ownership rights to the holders and second one is the debt. Now this is a type of security where the loans are essentially repaid with periodic payments. And the third one is the hybrids. So that means it combines the aspects of debt and equity. So it has some of the aspects of equity and some of the aspects of debt. So that means QIP is a fundraising tool for the listed companies which enables them to raise finance through the issue of securities and to whom the securities are issued it is issued to the qualified institutional buyers. So who are they? See these are the institutional investors who are generally perceived to possess expertise and the financial muscle to evaluate and invest in the capital markets. That means they have the expertise and they also have the financial strength. And particularly SEBI has defined QIB under one of its guidelines. These guidelines are called as the Securities and Exchange Board of India Disclosure and Investor Protection Guidelines of 2000. In short SEBI Disclosure and Investor Protection Guidelines of 2000. Under clause 2.2.2 B of these guidelines a qualified institutional buyer shall mean these entities. That is it includes the public financial institution as defined in section 4A of the Companies Act and it includes the scheduled commercial banks. It includes the mutual funds. It includes the foreign institutional investor who is registered with SEBI and it also includes the multilateral and bilateral development financial institutions. Then it includes venture capital funds which is registered with SEBI. Then foreign venture capital investors. Then the state industrial development corporations and also the insurance companies which are registered with the IRDAI that is the insurance regulatory and development authority. They are also qualified institutional buyers. Apart from this the provident funds with minimum corpus of rupees 25 crores they are also QIBs. See when we say corpus in finance it means the total amount of money that is invested. And in a similar way pension funds having a minimum corpus of rupees 25 crores are also QIBs. So remember these entities it is important from the prelims perspective. So as a whole we can say that any of these entities falling under the categories which we just saw is considered as QIBs for the purpose of participating in a qualified institutional placement. So why are we discussing these QIBs and QIPs? It is because nowadays many companies are preferring this QIP route to raise the funds. Why is it being preferred? It is because QIP is a flexible process. It is less tedious and it can be raised within a short span of time. Other than this QIP is also cost efficient and it also has proper checks and balances. And this is why many companies are preferring QIPs as an effective mechanism to raise funds. So that means being flexible less tedious process involving short span of time then being cost efficient are some of the features of qualified institutional placement. So this is a short topic which we saw and this topic is important from prelims perspective. Remember what does it mean and remember the entities which are called as qualified institutional buyers. So with this discussion now let us move on to the next one. So viewers with this discussion we are moving to the practice questions discussion session. In this session we are going to discuss certain prelims practice questions based on the concepts and areas which we discussed during the articles discussion. So now let us take up this first question. The question is a direct question it asks which among the following refers to the replacement of sensitive data such as actual card details with an alternate code to ensure the safety of the card transaction. The options given are operation twist, net neutrality, tokenization, fast tag. See this is a question you can easily find the correct answer even if you don't know what is the correct answer because you know that operation twist is a monetary policy strategy which is used to stimulate economic growth by lowering the long-term interest rates. And second the net neutrality concept refers to the open equal internet for everyone and it's regardless of the content that is consumed. So net neutrality is also not relevant to the description given here. Now if you look at fast tag we know that it is a device that employs a particular technology for making toll payments directly from the prepaid account. So here the description does not talk about toll payments and that is why option D is also incorrect so the correct answer is option C tokenization. So this tokenization concept is related to the safety of card transactions such as the debit card or credit card transactions and remember this. Now let us take up this next question it is with reference to the qualified institutional placement topic which we discussed. The question asks with reference to QIP consider the following statements. Statement one only listed companies can raise funds through QIP and statement two only qualified institutional buyers can buy securities through QIP. So generally in a problem's question when there is a statement with the term only or exclusively we assume that the statement might be incorrect. But in this question you have to be careful because both the statements are actually correct. During discussion we saw that QIP is a fundraising tool for the listed companies so the statement is correct and we also saw that this QIP process enables the listed companies to raise finance through the issue of securities to the qualified institutional buyers and that is why statement two is also correct and here the question asks for the correct statements. So the correct answer is option C both one and two. Okay now let us take up this next question it is based on the Sujalamp campaign it is a two statement question. The first statement is it aims to create more and more open defecation free plus villages by undertaking greywater management. This is a correct statement we saw this during discussion. The second statement is under this campaign one crore soaps are to be constructed in villages across the country. So this statement is incorrect because under this campaign one million soaps are to be constructed one million means 10 lakhs not one crore. So the statement is incorrect and this is to be done in the next hundred days. Now be careful while marking the correct answer because the question asks for the incorrect statements and that is why the correct answer to this question is option B two only. So viewers and aspirants with this practice question let us take up one more practice question. This question is based on the topic of national monetization plan you can write the answer to this practice question in the comment section and don't forget to listen to the discussion on this topic and then attend this question. So with this problems practice question now let us take up three main questions. These three questions are framed on the editorial discussion and the open discussion of today. Interested aspirants can write the answers to these main questions and post the links in the comment section. So viewers if you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and also subscribe to our channel for receiving more updates related to civil services preparation. Thank you.


Hi everyone, I'm Joe for JasperJasperysCaseBrace.com coming at you with 2021 at Padini Contenders Football 3 box picture team number 15 Thousand bucks being given away if you follow these instructions right here Very big thanks to this group for making it happen Appreciate everybody chipping away at this break And a great little late-night rally here All right now, let's see which three boxes we're gonna do here Jason marked those one right you can see the kind of the one and then we have Column three Right here. So one two three for the left side four five six for the right side I'm gonna choose that die right there One two three four five six And it's one so we're gonna do the left side here the side we'll save for next time looking for Five bottles per box on average. Sometimes there's points and if there's points winter take all the points We'll collect them into one pile Randomize them to one person in the brick How thin that pack is? How random is that I don't think I've ever seen this happen in my years of breaking just one card in a pack At first pack felt a little thin too Oh and a plate for the sealers You know find out who that's gonna be the strange box already. Who's it gonna be Richard? Who could it be now? Oh Think it's an autograph plate. Was it a one-of-one find out First auto for the Bears Jesper Horstead rookie ticket autograph For Richard and the Bears last spot mojo Patriots Shawn Wade rookie ticket autograph for Matthew and the Pat riots, right? That's not the right bear. We're looking. We're not looking for you Yes for Horsteads We'll do left-right randomizers on these guys Right also not the Patriot either That's exactly what Matthew's thinking We got nice defensive player here Greg who's so Buffalo Ghost Matthew and the Buffalo Bills. Oh and the plate is Najee Harris one-of-one on a plate autograph That's the right stealer There you go that team was just sitting there nobody wanted the Steelers until Richard got him last Richard all aboard the big hit Express whoo-hoo. There you go Richard. Thank you. All right the redemption is is I have no idea who this is Talandoa Hufanga is a safety for the Niners. Oh he played at USC Yeah, that's right Ben Niners Sean Maddock with the Niners. I Don't think the Niner that he was looking for but All right, I saw two boxes to go. Good luck everybody. All right next box. Good luck second to last Ben second to last When we're down to our last filler we we always try to write last filler in the title so they know it's a lot But the sooner we fill out the first one the second one the last one should go twice as fast ideally All right, we got Braven Jordan Rookie ticket autograph For Mike and the Texans and we got Anthony Schwartz Rookie ticket on card autograph for the Browns. That's gonna be Anthony This is for you Another redemption. That's a numbered car. That's a Michael Thomas chain movers There's the number there it is to 25 That's for the Saints Anthony with the Saints Seven out of 25 we've got Brandon Stevens rookie ticket autograph Purple birds Anthony and we got Darren Hall and oats David with the dirty birds the redemption is Tommy tremble Tommy tremble Saint maybe Panther. Yeah, that's right chat Carolina indeed All right third and final box. Good luck another five autographs Good luck boys and girls He kind of does Ben saying Tommy tremble sounds like a detective in a romance novel, right? Maybe a romance novel set in the 1930s perhaps a lot of 30 slang, you know a lot of A lot of heavy scotch drinking cigarette smoking a lot of rain Fedora's trench coats a femme fatale and writes itself Yeah, a real wise guy that tremble Everything was going great until she walked in the door. Now Gilo sees more of a 1920s gangster Maybe maybe Chicago. Maybe pinstripe suit. Maybe Tommy guns. Maybe Tommy tremble Tommy gun Maybe they're they're running. They're running whiskey over the Canadian border There's Elijah Vera Tucker playoff ticket autograph 80 out of 99 for the Jets Chad with the JTS Jets Jets Jets Yeah, I do Rex. He does kind of have like a Announcing he's he had that little bit. There's Rashad Bateman 18 out of 21. No Marquise Brown does that open some more get some give some more targets for Rashad Bateman That'll be for Anthony and the Ravens He does that because he feels I was actually his time The 1930s and 40s Whoa, whoa in Europe Hitler invades Poland Chuba Hubbard rookie ticket autograph Carolina Panthers, that's for Anthony. There's Elijah Molden rookie ticket autograph For the Titans tighten up Anthony with Tennessee We got another chain movers numbered card one out of 25s to find digs Buffalo Matthew with the bills And we got Mike Stracken rookie ticket autograph for the blue horseshoes that's gonna go to Anthony with the Colts blue 32 All right, there you go gang. That's the break. Let's do some left-right randomizers Let's give away some money money money. All right, so first the left-right randomizer for those round numbers cards Now let's see who's gonna win some breaky break credit. Let's sort by column a If you buy an even number of teams half of those become entries for a shot and break credit top two five hundred bucks each Anthony bought 16 teams That's eight entries Chad got to that's an entry Chris Lombardo got to that's an entry David got to that's an entry Matthew Rourke got four. That's two entries Mike got to that's an entry and Richard got to that's an entry Sean got to that's an entry So looks like everybody bought an even number of teams. Thank you very much So Anthony Chad All right, so top two five hundred dollars of break credit each we're gonna randomize both lists Three and a one four times One two three And a one fourth and final time Right side we'll get those Right side cards right side teams that is three and a one four times for the money Good luck top two five hundred each one two three And a one fourth and final time. Good luck everybody. It's it's Anthony Anthony Definitely had the odds on his side after four times We'll send it to you in one break credit code a thousand dollars of break credit to Jasper's case breaks calm going your way Thanks for watching. Thanks for making with us ladies and gentlemen. I appreciate it And if this football has kind of gotten you fired up prism football is dropping tomorrow So pre-order your teams now pick your teams and random teams Jasper's case breaks calm Let's try to pull some monsters. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye