Good morning, everyone. Welcome to today's session. I hope each one of you had a great weekend So said did you have a good weekend? Yes, ma'am. I had a really good weekend. We missed you last class said what happened? Actually, ma'am. I was going through a sickness in in Delhi. There is a very severe cold and climate change Okay, okay Okay, so how are you feeling now? Now I am completely fine ma'am. Oh, yes, we can see that you're refreshed and strong Good, thank you. And I'm glad to know that you're recovered and doing better Okay. Yeah, this session has been recorded. So even before we could start with our session Can I request one of us to please lead us in prayer? Sing Can you lead us in prayer? Yes, ma'am, come let's pray Father we come to the throne of grace Lord. Thank you for the day you have given us Lord Whatever we are going to learn from your new testament Lord your living word that Lord this wish not just a word But Lord every word in this Bible is truth Lord is going to happen and it has happened Lord The word we are going to learn Lord it should be not just kept in our heart But Lord the prophecy the promise you have done in the Bible Lord that should become true life and Lord It should be put freely in our hearts Lord in our daily life Lord Thank you for this our word what we are going to spend learning about your word Lord that it should not be wasted But it should be become a tree Lord a full fruit for everything Lord. Thank you for this day Thank you for the sir. Thank you for all the students and the teacher Lord in Jesus name. We pray amen So today we're going to study on the third book of the new testament that is the gospel of Luke Okay, so can we turn our Bible To the gospel of Luke. So how many chapters are there in this gospel? 24 24 chapters and who's the author of this book? Anyone The doctor professor himself Yes, yes. Yes. Thank you so much. So um so far. Uh, we have covered two gospels That is the gospel of Matthew and gospel of mark. So what did the gospel of Matthew potray? Jesus has And what did mark potray? Jesus has anyone from the class Make a note. Please make a note so that you know the more we repeat this in every class So we remember them better Matthew potrayed Jesus has the king And mark potrayed Jesus has the servant the humble servant And we'll see Luke potraying Jesus has the man The way they introduced Jesus has Matthew introduced behold your king and mark said behold your servant And here we see Luke saying behold the man And we also see uh the characteristics of resemblance of the uh, you know in each book as Matthew potrays as the king and mark as the prophet and Luke as a priest And also we see uh this these books are written to a different set of audience. So Who did Matthew write to? The Jews Yes, you're right and mark Mark wrote to the Romans And we are going to see Luke writing to the Greeks. Okay. Let's remember Matthew wrote to Jews mark The audience was a roman Can we remember that Matthew to Jews mark to romans and Luke to the audience of Greeks Okay, so with this You know, we can move on to study the gospel of Luke. So we see the author The author of this book is Luke where he portrays Jesus as the perfect man So what do we know about this author? He is the only gentile right of the Bible Exactly. Thank you. Anyone else? Anyone else? What do we know about Luke his background? Let's say he was a physician or doctor Yes, a well-learned man, right Anyone else would like to add to it? Okay. Apart from Luke being a physician uh Doctor Or a well-learned man. He was also Yes, a Gentile The only Gentile who has written a book A gospel of Luke and he was also a traveling companion to Paul whenever Paul visited Near Philippi the hometown. Okay of Luke. He was traveling with Paul And there's little bit controversy over the facts that the author of this book was Luke This can be clearly demonstrated when they read the book of Acts. So When when we read the gospel of Luke and when we read the Book of Acts both are very similar and when we can make sure the author Is Luke when we read through the book of Acts it clears the scholar says clearly It has been identified the author of the gospel of Luke and The book of Acts is Luke And yes Luke being a learned man the writing style also adds as an advantage for him You know a lot of technical words the way He the style of his writing is seem to be very good Lot of medical languages he used and you know the technical vocabulary carries Makes this book a very Well-learned very well Written book. So we see there are about 50 common words In these two books that is in the book of Luke and in the book of Acts and Luke was a Man of compassion He he was a very good intimate friend of Paul And yes, we know Paul was also a learned man. So they both made a good companion. They both Shared a lot of learnings and a lot of interest. So they made a good friendship and you know, they were good friends with each other so Luke traveled With Paul most of the time for his journey, especially in the second missionary journey It traveled whenever Paul visited his hometown on very Close places to Philippi. So Philippi was a hometown of Luke With that we also see A little bit of Luke's background. He was born in Antioch of Syria Uh, at least where his parents decided and he was not a Jew He was a Greek from his background and he was the only Gentile who wrote the book and he was well educated in science of medicine and yes Uh, yeah, he was possibly uh He was actually ministered by Paul And later his life was transformed and because of his transformation Uh, and the intimate uh Fellowship with Jesus. He started supporting Paul in the ministry and uh, he though Luke was not an eyewitness Of Jesus of Christ in his earthly ministry, but then the words that Paul shared Touched him and transformed his life where he was converted and then we also see that uh, you know, um traveling to many places and he was also Well, uh, Luke was also part of with Paul in his last missionary journey when he was traveling to Rome He was also part of the shipwreck journey and uh, many other hardships along with Paul Yes, witnessed himself. So it was easy for him to document it clearly in the book and he was He was a he was a trained and discipled by Paul in the ministry Um, yeah, this is what we see uh the background of Luke We also see that the the scholars say that he was never married He was not married because there's no other information about him. And uh, yeah, they believe that you would have had a natural cause of death in the place called Bethania But then uh, yeah, some other people say maybe he was martyred at the age of 80 But there's no fact no proven fact like he was martyred. So the scholars go ahead saying that uh, he may have had a natural death So this book was written the gospel of luke was written in uh, 59 to 63 ad And this book was written to the greek to the greek audience So the gospel of luke is especially specifically to a person By the name theophilus now who was this theophilus? Because it has been addressed when we see uh, the first chapter we see in verse three He says I write a right to you and orderly account most excellent theophilus the very uh, the writing itself shows and addressing to a roman official such as a Governor because most excellent has been addressed to some officials. Yes. I see lubega hand been raised You'd like I have just withdrawn my hand faster. Thank you Okay, you want to share about the roman official of theophilus Yeah, I think luke as a book was written as a defense You see both both the first and the second Look because we know luke one is the gospel and luke two is the acts. So they were all written as defense Uh in in defense of jesus christ in the first place and the second one was in the defense of uh Paul Okay, okay. Good. Thank you. Thank you lubega for adding that. Yes. It was written as a defense Well, uh, now we were talking about the theophilus uh roman official Now what is the background of him? Who is he? He was a person who's a roman official standing in the influence who was sought by paul's trial as well And uh, he was a magistrate who was due to Hear paul's case when we read the book of acts We will get to know more about that and he was also a person of nobility who was the Pattern of luke and who founded the production of this book Some of the scholars say that he supported him to Produce this gospel of luke. Well, the gospel of luke was written in a general sense to the greek world We see that the greek where Those people who pursued an idea of the perfect man so we study Luke the gospel of luke as written focusing on the art Religion literature and it is so obviously seen when we read through this book And we also see there's an idle man not as same as the official Uh, uh roman officials But then the idle man here we see uh denoting at Jesus the man of beauty the man of wisdom or carried his ministry with lot of grace We also see that though luke was a greek he he he concentrated To write this book as a gentile writer and to uh, he wrote this book so that anyone The greek or the other audience from the world when they read they could understand the man Jesus as the perfect and uh, yes luke Travelled and he spent a lot of his time after encountering Jesus He spent a lot of time with paul in the ministry specifically among the greek world because we also see that paul had this passion To uh to share the gospel to the gentiles and here we see to like-minded people joining together and Heading toward the ministry So, uh, what is the purpose of this book? Can anyone see? What is the purpose of this book? Can one of us read Luke chapter one verse one to four Luke chapter one verses one to four Many have undertaken to draw up an account of things that have been fulfilled Among us just as they have handed handed down to us those who From the first word I witnesses and servants of the world Therefore since I myself have carefully investigated everything from the beginning It seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you Most excellent thelophists thelophists So that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught Thank you. So here we see luke, uh unfolding to purpose That is to set forth the well researched and an orderly account of the life of christ The second point we see is to strengthen the faith of the believers in Jesus With an affirmation of the faith rested on the solid historical facts So with that purpose so what are the things that mark this book As the perfect man or denotes Jesus as the perfect man Well, we see uh, luke is writing to the greek world And portraying jesus as the perfect and the ideal man first we see that the genealogy of jesus In luke chapter 3 verse 38 luke chapter 3 Can we turn to luke chapter 3 verse 38? See we see from 23 luke chapter 3 verse 23 to 38 we see the genealogy uh genealogy back to the first adam and then the second point we see that the emphasis Is on jesus as a normal human experience where the gospel of luke gives us the fullest description of Jesus birth his infant his childhood And the human development how we had not only about jesus luke also describes about john the baptist and jesus infancy Which no other gospel has been shared We also see uh luke portraying jesus has an humble human birth Like in luke chapter 2 verse 6 to 7 Can I request one of us to read luke chapter 2 verse 6 to 7 While they were there the days were completed for her to give birth And she gave birth to her firstborn son And she wrapped him in clothes And laid him in a manger because there was no room for them in the inn So as we read this you know with the clear detailed Information luke is portraying how jesus was born Even when we read about john the baptist you also says how john the baptist was conceived and how he was born You know what happened when uh Elizabeth and mary together when they met the song the beautiful song we'll come to that later but then here in this verse we see that the humility and the human birth of jesus Can I request one of us to turn to luke chapter 2 verse 42 The child continued to grow and become strong increasing in wisdom And the grace of god was upon him So here we see The natural human the childhood of jesus how You know the child grew your luke writes the child grew and became strong in spirit Filled with wisdom and the grace of god was upon him You know he he shows the human childhood how jesus grew And third can I request one of one of us to read verse 49 same chapter verse 49 Luke chapter 2 verses 49 Why were you for me? He asked didn't you know I had to be in my father's house In my father's business some of the virgin says father's business when we read from 46 to 50 we understand that how jesus was reasoning in the temple And look at the hunger for the knowledge So as a man he was growing he was reasoning We see that and can I request one of us to read verse 51 from the same chapter Of 52 also 51 and 52 I can go Yes Jesus went back to Nazareth with his parents and obeyed them his mother kept on Thinking about all that had happened Jesus became wise and he grew and he grew strong God was pleased with him and so were the people So here we see his subjection his obedience his submission to his human parents and we see him Develop into a full manhood he developed intellectually that is in wisdom The worst talks about the last verse 52 talks about that how Jesus developed intellectually In wisdom and he also developed physically in stature And he developed spiritually that is in favor of god and he developed socially with favor Favor with man favor with god and favor with man Well, we also see in Luke chapter 3 verse 23. Can I request one of us to read? Luke chapter 3 verses 23 Now jesus himself was about 30 years old when he began his ministry. He was He was the son So it was thought of joseph Yeah, thanks. So here we see luke mentioning Jesus himself began his ministry at about 30 years of age at 30 years of age. So here we see the Fully grown jesus, okay the age of 30 and this is only mentioned in the gospel of luke and not in the Other gospels and with that we also see that how luke portrays jesus as man of prayer But more than any other gospel He focused he portrays jesus saying that he was a man of prayer and he focused on that Can I request one of us to turn to? Luke chapter 3 verse 21 Luke chapter 3 verses 21 When all the people were being baptized jesus was baptized too and he was praying heaven was opened Yes Yes, we see Heaven was open at the time of jesus baptism We also see after the day of miracles in chapter 5 verse 15 and 16 Can I request one of us to turn to chapter 5 verse 15 and 16? chapter 5 Verses 15 and 16 Yet the news about him spread all the more So the crowd of the people came to hear him and to be healed of his sickness of their sicknesses But jesus often withdrew to lonely place and place and prayed Yes, we saw how jesus withdrew himself he took time to pray He took time to pray so that means what prayer was a very Very vital in the life of jesus very important in the life of jesus So it should be for us if it was important for jesus himself How much more important it should be in our life? We also see in chapter 6 verse 12 chapter 6 verse 12 Can I request one of us to please turn to chapter 6 verse 12? Now it came to pass in those days. He went out to the mountain to pray and continue all night in prayer to god Thank you. So when we look at 12 and 13 in continuation We see that uh jesus prayed even before he could start choosing the 12 disciples You know in chapter 9 verse 18 we see even before the first prediction of his passion he prayed And uh chapter 11 verse 1 can I request loop chapter 11 verse 1 can I request anyone any of us to please turn to chapter 11 verse 1 And it came to pass That as he was praying in a certain place When he ceased one of his disciples said unto him lord teach us to pray as john also taught his disciples Amen, and we see how jesus taught them The model prayer of our father what in heaven. So here we see again jesus teaching the model prayer Prayer was very important Even at the transfiguration we see there was a prayer prayer for peter You know when peter was tempted jesus saying take heed peter i've prayed for you And we also see even before um he was been arrested by the roman soldiers We see jesus getting into the garden of gethsemane and what did he do he prayed He prayed there and very well Luke narrates the whole atmosphere like how jesus He sweat sweat was as similar to the blood And look at the tension that jesus went through at that time and how he was comforted by the angels, you know Luke records all this clearly And how jesus prayed on the cross in a loop 23 34 We see how jesus prayed even at the time of his death jesus prayed and we also see the There are other things that luke focuses on jesus ministry that is Luke focuses on jesus need to eat as a human as a man. He was hungry. He was thirsty You know, he sat near the Well of jacob to meet the samaritan women and he said i'm thirsty. Can i get some water? As a man he was tired walking from place to place. He was tired So jesus sat You know the emphasis as jesus has been a fully man You know luke put rays very clearly in that and also look emphasis on Empowering of the ministry of the holy spirit in the individuals including jesus in this gospel He also showcases that jesus was a Had a good relationship with people. He was compassionate over people Yes, we also see that matthew been writing like whenever jesus moved with compassion There was miracle among the people and here we also see luke Recording that the emphasis that jesus was filled with compassion for people We also see luke depicting of the angel ministering to jesus as the garden of gethsemane We also see how um, luke portrays or emphasizes on jesus Angerizing in the garden of gethsemane as i just said about the sweat drops of blood You also see that luke records the centurion's declaration You know when jesus was at the cross it's a centurion the roman god who declared Saying jesus has the righteous man. We see that in luke chapter 23 verse 47 Can i request one of us to please turn to luke 23 47 please luke chapter 23 verses 47 The centurion seeing what had happened praise god and said surely this was a righteous man See the centurion has been declaring that This was a righteous man And we also see luke record jesus commending his spirit to the father Father i commend my spirit into your hand We also see luke records some of the distinct features in this book. So um, yes in times of The volume of text luke stands out So only luke records the four songs that became part of the liturgy of the historic church That is the magnificat the song of mary which is recorded in luke chapter one So these luke chapter one and two has many songs But the song of mary is recorded in luke chapter one verse 39 to 45 Okay, we don't have time but then you can make a note in your bible saying that there's a Magnificat the song of mary that she sang, you know, uh, she sang Uh when she met elizabeth And then uh in reply we also see the benedictus or the song of zekariah That is from luke chapter one verse 67 to 79 The third song we see is the gloria in excelsis Or it is also known as the song of angels. It is in chapter two verse 13 13 and 14 Where the angels sing gloria to god in the highest and on earth peace goodwill toward men And in luke chapter two verse 28 to 32 Luke chapter two verse 28 to 32 is the fourth song the nun Demetrius or the song of simian when he saw the messiah When he saw the messiah this song was birthed in simian So luke very clearly You know as Recorded all these four songs and we also see Higher emphasis on the women luke has shared many emphasis on the women poor children In his book One of them is i'll just get the scriptures. Will you just give me a Yes We see that luke has mentioned about 13 women 13 women and uh It is not mentioned elsewhere in the other gospel But then he shows particular interest about including the story of a Immoral women the women who supported with the gifts for the ministry. We also see when Jesus was carrying the cross and walking to the mount calvary We see the women weeping lamenting over him on the way of the cross and we also see women very Very prominent figure he's been writing it about them The story like after The death at the at the tomb, you know, mary magdaline who came there You know very clearly he been mentioning about the importance of prominence for the women is given in this gospel And all these speak about The gentle service of women to the society and to god and how passionately they were following jesus And also we see jesus was also interested in the children and uh Look portrays that how the childhood You know Jesus showed interest over the children is he told the disciples do not hold the children from coming to me And he also This is the only gospel where the childhood the infancy of john the baptist and jesus is also mentioned. We also see look Clearly portrays a social relationship that jesus had with different people at that time that is with the Pharisees and With zekai is these people where actually the outcast people You know with the sinners He had with the prostitutes Many other people who way uh who way betrayed way Outcast who considered to be the outcast with those people but then jesus You know he he did not hold himself from being with them Tax collectors he made a relationship with them. He treated everyone equal And he also Shows that how he had the social relationship with you know by many Parables like the lost coin the many making at the return of the prodigal sound or the Inkeeper tending the wound, you know the social relationship what people can have through many parables Look was also interest in the theology. So Uh In the theology so he also presided jesus christ as a savior of the world that is savior to the lost Sinners he also showed that how the samaritans Uh, they uh samaritans hated Jews. They were completely Opposite of each other. They hated so much But then your jesus come comes and he says listen Um, the universalism is portrayed like, you know, uh, I die for both I need both samaritans and Jews are on the same level ground So he emphasized on the universal blessing is based for everyone And uh, look also portray saying that, you know, there's a very evangelistic Uh, uh letter we could also say by saying that the day of salvation is near Uh, he emphasizes on the word called now and today You know, there's more focus on now and today. So when we read the gospel, we see there's a the day of salvation is near So we need to accept jesus as a lord and savior because it's only through him We can receive this free gift of salvation And we also see the joy of salvation gospel has been uh shared in this book There's a lot of gladness joy the word called rejoicing occurs 21 times more than any other gospel and also as I said the four songs has been recorded Only in the gospel of luke And also luke is interested on the poor and the oppressed luke records on Seven of his parables either concerns about the poverty the wealth or the economic need of the people who were living there at that time So he records all this and he also pays attention to the praise and the glory of god through the song of what may be praised and zekariah and the Angels how they were glad and praising Uh praising the birth of jesus to the shepherd announcing the good news to the shepherds and how shepherds praised how simon at the very uh site of carrying the baby jesus as He had the revelation of ease the son of god ease and messiah and the way he praised god all has been clearly Recorded in this gospel Yeah, we also see in the gospel of luke a lot of contrast Uh he he because he's a learned man The way the he has written brings a lot of understanding a lot of revelation a lot of insight in this book like He brings a contrast between Yes, even when he shares the parable like you know, he brings a A contrast in the parable or Explaining a situation explaining people the two types of people. There's always a contrast that is between the rich and the poor Between jesus christ and the john the baptist when he wrote about them We see, uh, even when he's narrating the story of how mary and martha like jesus how You know how hospitality they were when jesus came to the home The issue is a different character of mary and martha the characteristics of Pharisees and the public in we also see the rich man and the lazarus We also see peter and judas And lastly, we also see the two thieves on the cross The difference between the two thieves one mocks jesus and one says one receives jesus has the saviour And he's asking him if you can remember me on the paradise. So there's always a Contrast and this gives us a clear picture of different type of people who lived in that season and uh There's a key verse can we turn to the key verse in this book luke chapter 19 verse 10 Luke chapter 19 verse 10. Yes Luke chapter 19 verses 10 for the son of man came to seek and To save what was lost? Amen So the son of man has come to seek and to save which was lost So this is the key verse the ultimate message that the son of man Here luke put ring jesus as the son of man He has come to seek and to save That which was lost That which was lost. He has come to seek and save us from this world We also see uh The book of the gospel of luke been compared with other gospel that is with the gospel of matthew matthew Is a gospel of sad rejection of jesus as the messiah, but then luke put raise it as glad acceptance of jesus as the son of man When we compare the three gospel that is matthew mark and john luke contains The most complete account of jesus uh family background the birth and the childo Also, some of the scholars say luke would have been the author Of the book of hebrew. So along because of the writing style, it's not proved But then they just consider because of the writing style. He was a learned man. He wrote a gospel of luke acts He may have written hebrew, but still now it is anonymous But then because of the writing style, they say that Because luke in the gospel of luke, he put raise jesus earthly ministry In gospel in the book of acts. He put raise jesus ministry through his church And the book of hebrew talks about his High priestly ministry. So we are not sure but then this is out the scholar The jesters maybe he could have been one of the author and some of them say that paul Could have also been one of the author But then we do not have any fact towards the author of the book of hebrew But then it is a good message talks about the high priestly ministry of jesus with that We also see the outline of the book of luke. I request you to please go through your notes Don't know more about the outline of the book where the ministry of the son of man has been dated By the parables and many miracles that has been there and also we see the rejection of the son of man in the book And part for the crucification and the resurrection of the son of man And this is one of the book which includes the birth of jesus and the ascension of jesus In this book, we also see the ministry of the holy spirit as a supplement in this book and also judging others and The emphasis on prayer has been clearly mentioned in the book so that we also know that if jesus could emphasize and Pray how much more you and I should focus on having a prayerful life So with that we conclude the gospel of luke and I keep this time open To add or share something on the gospel of luke Class it's open. So you can add or share something That you would like to share on this gospel of luke Is there something new that we learned from this book? Other than we know that he was a doctor. He was a physician. Anything new that we learned or Which refreshed our thoughts? Okay, any questions from this book? I request you all to please go through The notes so that we can have a clear understanding along with that I request you to please read the gospel of luke to know the good news of jesus christ So with that we will end the session And we'll end this We shall dismiss with a word of prayer. Can I request? Zellie if you can pray, please And dismiss us Thank you We thank you for the gospel of luke whatever we have learned or holy spirit will continue to minister to us and Give us the input and as we Love or go through the book of luke luke you speak to us Hallelujah father as we disperse from this place down. I pray that you continue to guide us leaders You bless our pastor and also and bless each one of us learn in jesus name amen Amen amen. Thank you so much for joining in today's session. See you all tomorrow With the gospel of john request you all to please go through the notes and the word Thank you. God bless. See you all tomorrow


For me, inventing the product was from my wife. My wife had arthritis in both hands. She couldn't open a water bottle. She said, you're smart enough to create something to open a water bottle. And that's what I did. That's what I did for her. She passed. I'm trying to do the best I can.


Today we are going to deal with pneumonia, pneumonia, various types of pneumonia and its management and communication. Coming to the definition of pneumonia, pneumonia is defined as acute respiratory illness with radiological permanent ray shadowing. Acute respiratory illness means either fever or shortness of breath or cough or chest pain. How does one get pneumonia? Our body has a protective mechanism that filters the bacteria or organism and keeps our lungs from becoming infected. But when our immune system is weak or organisms are very strong, body fails to filter these organisms or bacteria. That's how one get pneumonia. Pneumonia can be of community acquired, hospital acquired and ventilator associated pneumonia. Cap community acquired pneumonia. It occurs in community within 48 houses of hospital admission. Most common causative organism of community acquired pneumonia is streptococcus pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumonia itself is the most common causative organism of community acquired pneumonia resulting in hospital admission as well as ICU admission. Hospital acquired pneumonia. It occurs in hospitalized patient after 48 hours of hospital stay. Most common causative organism of hospital acquired pneumonia is gram-negative basalic. But when you ask which is the single most common causative organism of hospital acquired pneumonia, it is the gram-positive cocci, which is tap horus. Ventilator associated pneumonia. It occurs after 48 to 72 hours of mechanical ventilation. Most common causative organism of ventilator associated pneumonia is pseudo monast. Ventilator associated pneumonia is of two types that is early ventilator associated pneumonia and late ventilator associated pneumonia. Early ventilator associated pneumonia occurs within five days of mechanical ventilation whereas in the late it is more than five days of the mechanical ventilation. Streptococcus pneumonia is the most common causative organism for the early ventilator associated pneumonia. Other causative organisms is a hemophilus influenza. Late ventilator associated pneumonia causative organisms are pseudo monast, tap horus and acinetobacter. Pneumonia is of two types that is typical pneumonia and atypical pneumonia. Typical pneumonia it occurs within alveoli that is putum production will be there that is within the alveoli. But whereas in the atypical pneumonia the infection occurs in interstitium that is the space between two alveoli that is the interstitial infection. So in the typical pneumonia fever with productive cuff will be the clinical presentation whereas in the atypical pneumonia fever with dry cuff or scanty sputum. On blood R.E. in typical pneumonia predominant neutrophilic leucocytosis will be there whereas in the atypical pneumonia mild leucocytosis mild leucocytosis only. Sputum gram staining reveals organism in typical pneumonia whereas in the atypical pneumonia no organisms are revealed in sputum gram staining. Just x-ray features in typical pneumonia it is alveolar exudates in atypical pneumonia no alveolar exudate will be there will get interstitial pattern peribrombo vascular infiltrate will be there and bilateral hedgenus will be there. Most common causative organism of typical pneumonia is streptococcus pneumonia. Other organisms are tachyloids, plebsiola and pseudomonas. In atypical pneumonia most common causative organism is mycoplasma. Other organisms are legionella, chlamydia and viral. Most common causative organism of atypical pneumonia resulting in ICU admission is legionella. The typical pneumonia caused by streptococci, strepilococci and plebsiola we will compare it. Risk factors for this streptococci, typical pneumonia caused by streptococcal is smoking mainly by smoking and it is the most common pneumonia in diabetic militants and alcoholics. IB drug uses pneumonia. It is the strepilococci and it occurs as greater pneumonia in post-viral anus. Risk factors for the klepsiola are alcoholism and malnubration. Clinical features of streptococci, it's a characteristic sputum that is red trusty sputum in streptococci. In strepilococci it is mucocoralin sputum whereas in klepsiola it is red carangeli sputum. Just x-ray features of streptococci, it is the low bar consolidation that it involves only a lobe or a segment of lung. It is a localized involvement and it is the most common pattern in community acquired pneumonia. In strepilococci we get bronchon pneumonia. Bronchon pneumonia, it affects the lungs in patches around bronchi. We get bilateral patchy consolidations, can cause nematoseals, cavity and lung abscess. It is the most common pattern in hospital acquired pneumonia. What is nematoseals? It is the air-filled area with ill-defined walls whereas cavity is air-filled area with well-defined walls. Just x-ray features of klepsiola are right upper lung, right upper lobe consolidation with bulging fissure. It is the most common characteristic that is bulging fissure will be there. It can also cause nematoseal, cavity and lung abscess. Treatment for the streptococci, it is with beta-lactam and strepilococci. If it is methicillin-resistant staph aureus, treat it with vancomycin. And if it is vancomycin-resistant staph aureus, treat it with linizolidin. Klepsiola, treat it with beta-lactam plus aminoglycoside combined both. Now, coming to pseudomonas, occurs frequently as ventilator-associated pneumonia. It is the most common causative organism of pneumonia in bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, structural lung disease. Tamp aureus is also the causative organism for this condition but pseudomonas is the main causative organism. Clinical features include pivo with mucopurulence putum, it can cause lung abscess, cysticcery features are bilateral infiltrate, treatment with anti-seudomonal beta-lactam plus pleuroquinolones or aminoglycosides. You can treat it either with anti-seudomonal beta-lactam plus pleuroquinolone or aminoglycosides. Now, coming to acenitobacter, it occurs as ventilator-associated pneumonia. Initial treatment is with carbapenems if persistent treat it with colistium. Now, coming to atypical pneumonia caused by legionella and mycoplasma. Most common method of transmission in legionella is due to aspiration. More than auralization, it is due to aspiration and spread is through contaminated water. It's not from person to person. It's through contaminated water. Special features include associated pneumonia is associated with diarrhea. Other features are headache, confusion, hyponetremium, altered liver function test. As it is atypical pneumonia, Graham's training reveals no organisms. Poor response to beta-lactam. It occurs in all-dage and in immunocompromised patients. Occurrence of illness within 10 days discharged from hospital. Legionella incubation period is 5 to 10 days. Mycoplasma is the most common atypical pneumonia. It is otherwise known as walking pneumonia or eat an aged pneumonia. Extra pulmonary features include rash, erythema nodosum, encephalitis, bulian barrier syndrome, hemolytic anemia, myocarditis, pericarditis and arthritis. Mycoplasma contains no cell wall. If you cure pneumonia associated with diarrhea, then you should think about legionella. And pneumonia with hemolytic anemia, you should think about mycoplasma. How to diagnose? Diagnosis is made by serology or PCR, polymerase chain reaction. As it is poor response to beta-lactam, treatment is with pleurokinolons either with pleurokinolons or macrolite or tetracycline. Best treatment for legionella is levofluxacin and moxifluxacin. Azitromycin is the best treatment for mycoplasma. Pneumocystitis pneumonia. Pneumonia in the immunocompromised patient. Infection. This infection can occur in any but this is only in immunocompromised patient. It is the most common capacity fungal pneumonia in HIV. Risk factors include TDPO count less than 200 per ml in HIV and in organ transplant patients. Patient on long-term immunosuppressive treatment. Primary immunodeficiencies. Clinical features include either fever or dry coughs or shortness of breath. Initially chest x-rays is normal. Peritubular infiltrates will be there which leads to diffuse interstitial infiltrate. Pneumotoxyl pneumotorax can be seen. Diagnosis. Diagnosis is mainly by bronchoalveolar lavage rather than protein sputum. We go for bronchoalveolar lavage and visualize for cyst. Right gemstasein, gormon methamine savusin, immunofluorescence stain will use these stains for visualizing the cyst. Drug of choice include Cortramaxazole. Cortramaxazole is the drug of choice for propyl axis ulcer. Coming to the assessment of severity of pneumonia it is Curb 65. Curb C4 confusion. U4 urea greater than 7 millimole per litre R4 is free free rate more than 30 per minute B4 systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg Dastolic blood pressure less than 60 mmHg and 65 age more than 65. If the score is zero to one between zero to one then you need only OP treatment. Form treatment with antibiotic. If it is two, score is two. Hospitalize and treat. And if the score is three to five is between three to five then consider it as severe pneumonia and patient may require ICU admission. Empirical regimens for community-acquired pneumonia. OP treatment it is oral forms. If the patient is with no comorbidities you can treat either with macrolite or beta-lactam or tetracycline. Macrolite you you can use clarithromycin or azithromycin or doxycycline. Beta-lactam amoxicillin or moxclab amoxicillin clavulinate can be used. In IP treatment we use both oral and injectable forms but mainly injectable form. In non-ICU patient treat it either with beta-lactam plus macrolite or fluoroquinolones. In ICU patient treat it either with beta-lactam plus macrolite or beta-lactam plus fluoroquinolones. In ICU patient if pseudomonas is suspected treat it with anti-seudomonal beta-lactam plus fluoroquinolone or aminoblycosides plus azithromycin which is a macrolite. If community-acquired methicillin resistance tap or is suspected treat it either with beta-lactam plus macrolite plus vancomycin. And the second one is the most effective regimen which is beta-lactam plus fluoroquinolones plus linizolid with or without clindamycin. This is the treatment part. Coming to the complications of pneumonia. Most common complication it is a paranymonic effusion will be there. M. paeema retention of sputum causing low bar collapse, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pneumothoraz particularly with staph ores, separative pneumonia or lung abscess. It may cause ARTS, renal failure, multi organ failure and ectopic abscess formation. Thank you.


This video is sponsored by Rainbow Black, a new novel by Maggie Thrasch. These are all refractor telescopes with about five inches of aperture. And let me break that sentence down. A refractor means that the telescope focuses the light coming in using glass lenses. And aperture, you can think of that as how big is the telescope. What aperture technically means is the diameter of the primary lens here in the front of the telescope. And the reason that people are interested in telescopes with larger apertures is the bigger the telescope, the bigger the light bucket, allowing us to see smaller and fainter details in those deep sky objects out in the night sky. In simple terms, you can think of a telescope as an extension of your eye. So the bigger that you make your eye, the more that you can see in the dark. And with visual astronomy, that matters a whole lot. It's often people's top priorities to get a big light bucket, a big aperture, which is why reflectors are very popular because it's much cheaper and easier to produce a big mirror than it is to produce a big glass lens. With photography, there are a lot of factors, though, that can even outweigh aperture when it comes to getting very high quality photos. You know, for one thing, the mount is incredibly important when doing photography, astrophotography. So while this review is going to focus on the optical tubes, the telescopes that you put on the mount, you definitely can't skimp on the tracking mount if you plan to use a telescope this big for astrophotography. And there are other accessories like an auto guiding system that make the mount even more accurate that I did use when I was testing these telescopes for this review. So why am I reviewing these three five-inch refractors? I've previously done these kinds of shootouts at two and a half inches, three inches, and four inches with refractors, and with each shootout, I'm trying to do multiple things at once. One thing that I'm always interested in is a kind of value-to-performance ratio. So I try to pick telescopes at very different price points. So value and price is one thing, but I'm always trying to learn something new. So to test common theories that you hear about buying telescopes, and in this video I'm interested in two things. First, both the SV Bony and the Skywatcher are APOs, meaning that they are triplets that use extra low dispersion glass, and both actually list the type of ED glass they use. The SV Bony uses FPL51, and the Skywatcher Esprit uses FPL53, which is a higher quality. So I'm very interested in knowing, you know, with these glass types, what the difference is when it comes to false color fringing around bright stars, because that's usually what we're looking at in evaluating ED glass. Skywatcher says that it's virtually eliminated, while SV Bony says chromatic aberrations are significantly reduced. But, you know, it'll be interesting to see what those statements actually mean in a real head-to-head. And if that wasn't enough, I'm also interested in a theory. The theory is that the acromatic refractor may be just as good as the more expensive apochromatic refractors if you use narrowband filters. So for the inexpensive telescope, I bought this one. This is the AR127 from Explore Scientific. It is an acromat, meaning that it's a doublet with two glass elements, and neither glass element is ED glass. This telescope is well regarded, I know, for solar imaging with a day star quark, where you're only, you know, focusing a tiny wavelength of light right in the H-Alpha emission line. But I'm going to be trying it with 5 nanometer astrodon narrowband filters. So much wider band passes than a solar filter, but still pretty narrow compared to what we do with broadband. So we're going to see if this theory holds up. I've tested each telescope with both a one-shot color camera and a mono camera with narrowband filters. Both these cameras are full frame with the demanding IMX455 sensor, thanks to ZWO, who has lent me these two cameras so I can do this kind of high resolution testing on my channel. Let's now jump into the physical characteristics of these telescopes, starting with the Explore Scientific. And starting at the front here, this telescope has a fixed dew shield, so you cannot retract this. It's all one piece, which makes it a little bit longer to store. It is a glossy white. And then working our way down, it has a Vixen style dovetail. Only two holes in it, where you can attach the rings, because the rings have to be at this distance apart to support the top handle. So it's all just sort of one big fixed unit in a way. You could take this Vixen dovetail off and put on a longer plate, but you would still need the mounting holes to be in these two spots if you wanted to use the top handle, of course. But all of this mounting gear seems pretty well done. I will say that for some reason they put on this shiny metal plate, screwed on this shiny metal plate on one side of the Vixen dovetail. And I'm not sure what its purpose is, because on a lot of my mounts, all it did was prevented me from actually being able to slide the dovetail into the saddle, because I feel like it made the Vixen dovetail a non-standard width. While if I took that off, it's the standard Vixen dovetail width. So I'm not sure why they did that exactly, maybe to for some systems where it's not a clamp style like this. It's a screw right on the plate. It's to prevent maybe marring of the plate. That's my guess for why they did that. Okay and then working our way back here they've screwed the finder shoe right onto the optical tube, which I don't know. I think it's pretty nice because it puts this higher so I can actually use a guide scope here. But there's also a channel up here in the top handle if you want to do attach a guide scope up there. But this is elevated enough and the fact that it's on the tube means you can use a guide scope successfully right there as well. Okay and then moving our way back here to the focuser. This is dual speed. It's a two inch focuser. I think it's a crayford style. Pretty cheap seeming, you know, not not a substantial. But it does have the markings for distance. If you take off this compression ring there's 48 millimeter threads back there and it does have both a tensioning and a locking knob on the bottom. I'm not sure if it's possible to automate this focuser or if you would want to, but you probably could take the whole focuser off and replace it with a third party focuser pretty easily. To explore scientific with cap off but rings and dovetail installed weighs 13 pounds 14 ounces or 6.3 kilograms. Okay here's the SV bony. It has a retractable dew shield and there are little screw holes here for retaining screws to keep this up but they were missing in the review copy I was sent. This review copy has been with many other reviewers so I think they just got lost at some point but there are three screw holes here for little retaining screws on the dew shield. It is a matte white with a little bit of shine to it. Okay and next up we have the rings and dovetail. It is a vixen dovetail pretty standard one with a few holes different options for where to put the rings. Both the rings and the dovetail have a lot of cutouts. I think this is you know to keep the weight down and it is a very light scope for how long it is. The rings have like a very thin tape-like thing to protect the scope from metal on metal and then this knob right here towards the back of the scope is for rotating the entire focuser. So the entire focuser rotates like that and then you can tighten it up like this. I typically prefer the manual rotator to be back here on the tube rather than up here rotating the entire focuser because sometimes this can put things at awkward angles but you could also make the argument that it allows you to put the focusing knobs at any angle you want which could be beneficial. Okay it has two spots for Cinta shoes. The copy I was given came with one Cinta style finder shoe. If you had a guide scope with some height to it it might be able to clear the rings. I can tell you that the William Optics Unigide don't work with this placement of the finder shoe so I ended up putting my guide scope on top of the rings here which do have tapped holes for attaching you know a guide scope directly or putting on a top plate and then putting your guide scope on the top plate. The focuser is a rack and pinion style. It's not the smoothest I've ever used. It's a little bit noisy. It does have a lock here on the bottom. It's two speeds and it does have markings for how far you have it racked out which is nice for repeating focus and the field flatener which is included in some bundles screws on right on to the end of the tube here. So you take off the visual back and screw on the field flatener and it comes with this adapter to end in m48 threads and then from there you have 55 millimeter back focus to your camera sensor. The SV Bony with cap off but rings plate and flatener installed weighs 14 pounds 11 ounces or 6.6 kilograms. The SV Bony that I was sent didn't include the case that they're now bundling it with but I can see online that it's a soft sided case and this is the bundle that I would recommend. I'd recommend getting the telescope with a case and with the field flatener if you want to use it for photography. If you're not planning to use it for photography for some other use then you could get the OTA only and save a couple hundred dollars but bundle one includes both the field flatener and the case. Okay starting at the front here we can see it's printed right on there. This is the Skywatcher Esprit 120 ED Super Apo Triplet. The dew shield is retractable that far and it's held on by two screws here and I will say that it does have a lot of play. You can see it's moving quite a bit back and forth but at least on this copy so far if I put both of those down lock both of the you know locking screws down then there's no play. It only has that play when these are loose so I'm not sure how big of a deal that would be or if it pose any issues over time. Okay going down the telescope here it has these really nice substantial thick rings that are felt lined to protect the telescope finish and a good green Skywatcher Green Laws Mandy plate here so if you have other Skywatcher things like this EQ6R mount it works really well with the the whole color scheme. Okay and now we're looking at the top of the rings I just wanted to show you that there are five tapped holes on the top of each ring for attaching a top plate or other accessories on top here. Okay and then continuing down the scope this is called a captain's wheel and it's one of two methods of rotation with this telescope. If you loosen this up it rotates the entire focuser and it's not my favorite but it it it does tighten quite well. I think I have it so tight right now I can't even get it undone but I'm sure if I really tried or I got a better angle on it I could and so because this rotates the entire focuser it can put the focusing knobs at sort of odd angles but you also have the option if you want of putting the focusing knobs on top which some people do like doing that for whatever reason you know maybe having to do with adding an electronic focuser and how you want the bracket positioned and things like that. Okay and then continuing down here after the captain's wheel we have the focuser this is a 3.4 inch rack-impinion focuser dual speed of course. It does have a you know the rack-impinions on the bottom here that you're not seeing but then it also has this additional steel rail here on the top I guess just to make sure there's no rotational play in the focuser and this is actually fairly rare I don't see this in too many telescopes so I I think it's a cool addition because I don't you know it prevents the focuser tube from having much play there and then of course it has the markings here so you can get repeatable focus so for instance if you found okay if I hit focus at around five centimeters then you can you can rack it out to that again the next night and I know that you're very close to being in focus. Okay and then back here we have the second method of rotation this is two rings that you and again it's but getting a good angle there we go that you loosen up and then that allows you to rotate the whole camera differently than how the focuser is rotated and then when you're happy with that rotation then you lock it down with this top ring here. It's not my favorite I I think I'd rather have just a little you know locking nuts like as on many focusers just because I think these glossy metal pieces are really hard to grasp especially when it's cold but maybe they do a better job of really locking down rotation I'm not sure my complaint though is just that it's hard to do especially in the cold with like you know you can't do it with gloves you have to take your gloves off and then if it's if it's a winter night and I was testing these in February so it was a winter night it was it was pretty difficult to grasp those when those are cold pieces of metal. Okay and then behind that I just have here attached the included 1x flatener you take off the visual back and add this on uh there's also a optional reducer available from Skywatcher and also one from Starzona they the Apex reducer which reduces even more the Skywatcher one reduces I think 0.77x and the the Apex from Starzona is a 0.6 with cap off but rings plate and flatener installed the spree 120 weighs 22 pounds nine ounces or 10.2 kilograms the spree 120 includes this really nice premium roadie style hard sided case with wheels for rolling it and you can you can have it in this orientation or also put it up vertically like that especially when you're rolling it that's how you would do it it has handles on three sides a substantial handle there and then two other handles on the short sides and then on the inside it comes custom cut with all these cutouts for the different accessories that are included including a right angle corrected finder diagonal for visual and all the different adapters you'll need to use it with the field flatener and things like that and then this is a really cool thing with the spree cases it has these racquet balls built in to protect the telescope and before I jump into looking at all the images taken with these telescopes let me tell you a bit about this video's sponsor the novel Rainbow Black when I want to de-stress I love to get lost in a good novel just to get wrapped up in an engaging story is my favorite kind of entertainment and if you're the same way I have a great book here to recommend Rainbow Black is by author Maggie Thrash who is actually a good friend of the channel and you've seen her in previous videos that I've made she helped me make this one that went on to be my most popular video ever and Maggie's new book is out this week it's getting great reviews and it's quite the epic it takes place over a period of 16 years in the life of a young woman whose parents are falsely accused of satanic ritual abuse and a lot of the book is a legal drama it's seen through the eyes of the protagonist a child as she grows up in and out of courtrooms I think this is a fresh take on the legal thriller and it feels a lot more real than a lot of thrillers I've read because the main character is so fleshed out and raw it's my favorite book that Maggie has written and also I'm biased but my favorite book I've read in years so if that sounds intriguing to you you can get Rainbow Black now it's available on Kindle in paperback and as an audiobook okay we're now going to look at images that I took with each telescope these imaging tests were done over two nights one for one night for the one shot color tests and one night for the mono narrow band tests and you can read all the tech details here you could pause the video and just read through the you can pause the video and just read through these if you want because I'm not going to read all of these out but just to sum it up the one shot color tests were done with the moon not visible behind the treeline at least and I did three-minute subs with no calibration guiding was good it was in an observatory the object was high in the sky so as many variables I'm trying to sort of you know take out of the picture as possible so we can really get a fairly fair test between the telescopes and then the mono test very similar except I was using the 6200mm camera and neuroband filters from astrodon but the guiding was good again and this time I did five-minute subs per filter five each for the HA and 03 so that's it we're going to now look at the images and I'm going to start here with single one-shot color subframes and again these are not calibrated so here is the explore scientific ar 127 and as we would expect from an acromat we have a lot of visible violet fringing on all of the bright stars here's the sv bony 122 with the reducer so the reducer definitely has some vignetting that you can see that there's a brighter part of the field here in center and then here is the sky watcher esprit 120 and it looks pretty perfect this tiny little bit of vignetting in the corners I suspect is from the 48 millimeter threaded adapters I was using not from the scope itself okay and then now we can just quickly look at the center and corners for each scope so the explore scientific I was not using a field flagner because it doesn't come with one and there's there isn't one suggested on their website so you can see the corners are fairly elongated and that's just from not using a field flagner but here in the center we can see it's a lot sharper but we do have that violet fringing that is common with an acromat and then here is the sv bony and it looks a lot more even and flattened out because I was using a flattener reducer and then here is the sky watcher and you can see the sky watcher we don't have the darkening of the corners and the stars look pretty much the same across the entire full frame field well if we look closely at the stars on the sv bony when you look at the bright stars on the edge of the field they get a little bit funky you can see that that halo has some bites out of it and then over here you can see it's a little bit distorted with some split chromatic aberration while if we look at the same on the sky watcher spree they just look perfect no matter where we look even in the extreme corners these look near perfect maybe a little bit of chromatic aberration in the extreme corners but not much distortion to speak of they look perfectly round which suggests it's a nice flat field okay and then now I have the stacks and stacks will you know just any problem optically will just show up even stronger so the the violet fringing shows up even more in the stack than it did in the single frame the vignetting from the reducer shows up even more of course if i had calibrated these with flats that wouldn't show up like that but i'm just wanting to show sort of without calibration what to expect i was also trying to do these tests very quickly so that's another reason i didn't take flats okay next let's look at the center of each stack and this i picked this center because it's you know where the tadpoles are so we can sort of look at the level of detail in the tadpoles but also of course be looking again at the star performance and you can see that the explore scientific the it's it's not just the violet halos the stars are also a lot softer than they are here with the sv bony or the sky watcher spree at first glance here this is just with the screen stretch applied the sv bony and the sky watcher spree look very very similar while the explore scientific of course is sort of the odd man out here let's try to see if we can sort of amp up the differences here between the sv bony and the sky watcher and the way to do that is sort of an extreme saturation test so if we apply just a lot of saturation to each of those crops um that's what happens to the explore scientific i'm just going to close that because i'm not super interested in that one but what i want us to look at here is the difference between the sv bony and the sky watcher spree because remember this is one of the things i was interested in with different types of ed glass this is the fpl 51 on the sv bony and the fpl 53 on the sky watcher can we see a difference in how well it controls chromatic aberration in the center of the field with this extreme saturation test and yes we definitely can so i thought this was a really good test just to sort of prove a point here okay i just i've just zoomed in just a little bit more just so you can really see it in the video if we look at the stars on the sky watcher here there's a little bit of splitting and some people have pointed out that that kind of split might actually be from the atmosphere even high up you can still get some kind of atmospheric dispersion that can cause a split when you do these saturation tests but what is really clear is if you look at all of these bright blue stars over here in the sv bony we are getting violet fringing on those and on the sky watcher they're just looking perfect even this with this super amount of saturation and then if we look at this bright yellow star right down here in in the sv bony it is getting sort of a split color while here it just is not it's just looking it's looking really nice same sort of deal up here with this bright blue star up here we're going we're getting violet fringe on one side of the star and this one it's maybe a little bit green but that just might be noise and i think it's looking just a lot better so this i hopefully makes makes clear what are you really paying for with fpl 53 versus the fpl 51 it's it's a if you're really you know demanding on on color and with bright sources like stars it's going to make a difference now if you look at the nebula you can see the nebula looks basically identical in both shots okay and then that was one thing that i wanted to test the other thing that i wanted to test was how does an acromat like the explore scientific hold up with mono and narrowband filters because a lot of people say if you use it that way it's it's it's pretty amazing how good it is and i actually found this to be true i was shocked at how good this was here is the h a uh five subs stacked and then let's compare that to the sv bony and the sky watcher spree okay and i these are much closer than the one shot color examples and just for people interested here's the oh three for each the oh three on the sky watcher is definitely the best of the batch partly just because the vignetting was definitely accentuated without flats while this has just such great field illumination that it turned out really well but also i'm just seeing much better contrast with the sky watcher compared to the other two with the oh three filter which is interesting because with the h a they seem a lot closer right in terms of contrast i mean i'd still say this sky watcher has the best contrast but the sv bony is pretty close and then the explore scientific actually you know did pretty well considering that's an acromat okay and then this bears out if you actually combine them and do bi-color imaging with the h a no three this is much closer the the we're much closer together between the the cheapest telescope and the most expensive telescope with narrow band then we were with one shot color right or color imaging in general it would be the same case if i did rdb and and mono because that that violet haloing is is something that is uncorrected in the blue spectrum so even if you're to use a blue filter that that extreme violet haloing on acromats is still going to be there while with narrow band because you're just sampling that that very thin five nanometers of light with oh three and h a it makes far less of a difference that it has that extended blue response you can see the stars are about as sharp and controlled in each of these now we are seeing a little bit difference in contrast i think probably because the coatings on the sky watcher are probably the best of the batch here and the coatings on the explore scientific are probably the worst that's my guess for the differences we're seeing in contrast especially with the the more defined oh three on the sky watcher but another successful test proven that with an acromat and narrow band it really punches above its weight but with broad band is where you're really going to have to want to pay for the more premium scope especially if you like that look where you're you're saturating your stars and when i say that look where you're saturating your stars i don't mean you're going to go to this extreme but um this is just an example just to really show the difference but even if you're just sort of saturating them above this which is barely saturated at all you're going to start seeing those aberrations on the sv bony while the marketing was correct on the esprit 120 it it's it's virtually eliminated that chromatic aberration on the stars okay so hopefully that was all useful i really enjoyed this test i i found that by having these sort of goals of what i was trying to find out it helped me sort of focus on analyzing the results and it was a lot of fun i did take all of the data and combined it all together just to make a final picture it's just for fun so this is my final picture of the tadpoles and the surrounding area and i like this picture it's i think it's under 10 hours of data but it's it it came out pretty well due to my dark skies and i i didn't use the broadband data from the explorer scientific because if i had combined this in it would have been distracting so i i just used the broadband data from the sv bony and the sky watcher esprit and then i used the narrow band data from all three telescopes and the processing on this one i just did a starless on the narrow band and then blended that with the broadband to get the natural star color you're now seeing everyone who supports this youtube channel over on patreon.com slash nebula photos it's an excellent community of amateur astrophotographers at all different experience levels but everyone who is on my patreon i have found have been people that want to learn and people that are willing to share their own expertise and there's a few ways we do that one is there is an active discord which is like a members only area uh on on my message board and you can get involved there in a monthly imaging challenge but there's also just all kinds of different discussions happening all the time over there and another way that you can uh get involved and give share your own expertise is i do a monthly zoom call with the whole community and then once in a while we do in-person events and specialized zoom calls as well and i really can't thank my patreon members enough because i'm now doing nebula photos full time thanks to all of you and it's what allows me to make these in-depth reviews like the one you just saw to have the time to actually sort through all of this data and analyze it takes a lot of time so if you enjoy this youtube channel i think you're going to get a lot of benefit out of joining my patreon community and it starts at just one dollar a month and for that you get direct messaging support with me that zoom call that i mentioned the patreon side of the discord which includes the monthly imaging challenge and a whole lot more there's some exclusive videos over on patreon so if you're interested head over to patreon.com slash nebula photos till next time this has been nico carver clear skies


Welcome back it's time for our first hot topic and we want to take a look at the rejection of 25,000 naira quarterly allocation given to resident doctors in Nigeria by the federal government and the strike is ongoing already and they are saying there's no going back on this strike we're going on indefinitely until government gives us our demands which we gave during the ultimatum that we gave the government. We have been joined by Dr. Kaleb Ikuri, President Association of Resident Doctors Cross River State. Good morning to you Dr. Ikuri. Thank you. Good morning. Actually the President of Association of Resident Doctors University of Calabas teaching in hospital Calabas Cross River State. Thank you very much. Good morning my host. So talk to us about this development give us what we need to know with the latest developments since the strike and this offer that your association is rejected. Thank you very much. Actually on the 26th of July 2023 the Nigeria Association of Resident Doctors Command is mentioned like we are indefinite strike following the aspiration of our ultimatum that was given to government on the 5th of July 2023 and we met on the 21st of July and of course decided to go on this indefinite strike and of course from the 24th to 29th of July we were here in Lagos in last and the Lagos and State University hospital for our statutory national executive council meeting our next meeting so it was at the end of the next meeting that we had some observation and the observation one of them of course let me just try to get to know the observation so that we observe the avoidable strike that commenced in Nigeria since the 26th of July 2023 and we also observed the attempt by women in Nigeria to Nigerians to solve the issues of course and we also saw the slow wheel of progress by government in implementing our demands which are taking years and even months while I would say implementation of course and we observed that the circular for one-on-one replacement which was promised to us since 5th of June in or even towards the last days of the previous regime have not been settled our 2023 medical residency training fund you know have not been paid up till now even though it was captured in the 2023 and our budget of Nigeria and we also observed that the areas of salaries areas of them consequential adjustment of adjustment of minimum which go to our members the promotional areas for a member of the medical officers in several and tertiary institution have not been paid we also observed the downgrading by the medical and the council of Nigeria of our membership and certificates and then of course and one of the things was there was what and is our topic this morning where the national salaries income and wages commission release a secular you know the government is the has approved 25% quarterly allowance or what is called a countrymen allowance and also 25% increase for our business salary and of course we also observed in that meeting about the casualization of doctors in the federal tertiary health institution across the country and of course again we observed the resistance of his security especially in cross river state and Colaba in particular where a professor of neurology in the department of internal medicine the best of Colaba teaching hospital was kidnapped from a house and is over two weeks now in fact it's starting the 18th 17 of the 18th in terms of her doctors and they have no release and of course and finally we observed the before they also have that in the state tertiary institution some states are going doctors up to 24 months salary like in the state the salaries are still being owed and of course the general issue of a brain drain our severe brain drain which I've mentioned as the no release of the one-on-one secular and then of course even generally the hardship Nigerians are going through in the following the removal of force of city and the recent hype in the prices of the premium motor spirit coming on as a true so that is it is just one of the 25% is just one of those several things that aboriginals and wish we have nothing seen well thank you I don't even know how to begin to to fatum the marriage of yes and then 24 months for doctors to be owed you know I'm thinking about when I'm hungry I don't see clearly and then someone has to go do operation someone has to be a hungry doctor I can't just imagine but now let's just begin with what we're talking about today mostly what were you asking for the government has given you 25% quarterly allowance or something and a raise 25% raise in your salary what is the doctors or what are the doctors asking for that the government is not giving I gave you a thousand yes we're just calculating if it is but he said 25% not 25% then there is a 25,000 Naira quarterly is that is that what it translates to 8,300 Naira month about that yeah so he's asking what exactly is a dog I remember what I asked for 550% increment so he's asking what's the stance now what are you asking is any shift not well as a station of resident doctors and national body we as at the 17th of July 22 we wrote to government you know asking for 200% increase which of course have not been overtaken by event where we say 550 and all that you know you people need to know that we're not just calling an amount obituary we know what we are talking about because we are only trying to reverse the salary to what it was as a 2014 which was supposed to be reviewed after 5 years but it has taken 10 years and have not been reviewed so that we are talking of when you put it in a private passion with the price of where the cost of living the cost of living taxes and everything Nigeria we're only trying to go back to what we were so as not as not as such a shunt of resident doctors we have asked for a 200 percent and of course we shall be overtaken by then with the current and price and increment in fear and of course the other allowance we they call a countrymen like money given for clothes or equipment is even laughing because we are asking for several allowance even we even specified what is called specialist allowance especially for the seniors with the senior registrars in our mis-discrimination that on the great residency training and all the equipment allowance so to come and give 25,000 naira and what you have translated to the amount you mentioned for a month is quite laughable well you doctors have described it as a portraits sum I don't know if the government is willing to ship ground from the 25% increment in salary and the 25,000 special allocation that they've given to you but the thing now is that you see when two elephants fight as we know it is the grass that suffers the Nigerians who will not have their doctors in hospitals and clinics are the ones that are going to be at the brunt of this and you as your association has said this is indefinite what are we looking at here how is this going to pan out what next and I asked for the ordinary Nigerians I asked for Nigerians okay so I'm asking because the government has said this is what we are going to give and the doctors are saying we are not accepting it so it's two elephants fighting and the grass is suffering the masses who will not have their doctors in hospitals in their clinics what next what are we looking at how's it going to pan out any ideas well thank you hope you can hear me yes you know what if if the patients at the grass is I want to also say the machines have suffered and the machine cannot even cut again or even the glass cannot cut those glasses again and we can authentically tell you that doctors are driving due to this severe breathing drain people are living in the country because of this hardship and even what the search was made is mainly because of this poor and remuneration and of course the poor working environment that is in this country so we are left so few and we are overworked so you should understand that the gross the grass cutting machine is even more affected than the grass as we're talking to you now you can no longer cut the grass so we are doctors we are suffering that's why we are calling on the federal government and we are also calling on those patients and those people who we are talking about to join hands with us and call on the current federal government of Nigeria in the led by Bola Mettinibu to do the needful these things as we have said a bit that they can be done so what the demands we are asking for can be done within this we do want to do this some of these things can be done so we are looking for commitment on the side but like I said earlier the slow wheel in the progress of implementing our demands is just the issue so they would prefer what is for everybody stakeholders let's come together and call on this government and put all the pressure our traditional role our real father's national role and everybody we should come together and put an end to this and strike there they avoid the strike if you ask me you know when during the last administration the dr. Kirsten Gege was in charge and we weren't sure if he handled the situation well there were division views with regards to how the situation was handled especially since he is a doctor himself and so here we are in new administration no one we're not yet sure who's going to be head in that unit how disappointed is your association with the way the last administration handled this and what are you hoping to see with regards to who is going to replace Kirsten Gege okay please your question again the network is actually fluctuating sorry all right what are your expectations of this administration you know what do you want do you not want to see that will be carried over from the last administration we know who was in charge last administration and you seem disappointed what is the that you are expecting from this administration especially who is going to replace the man in charge that will be listening to you that you guys when negotiating in the last within the last last administration and the game was and the federal minister of labor and employment but primarily we are under the federal minister of health and then we had the minister and then and we also had them the minister of labor so what we're expecting from the new administration is that they have hit the ground running it's more than two months going to the top month of course we have seen some approver of certain who's sums of money you know we saw 17 billion given to the National Assembly 35 billion to the judiciary and the initial attempt to give 8,000 per month to four households about 12 million of them we are saying that they didn't wait for the former you know they didn't wait for the former executive council to be formed for this approver to be done these things we are talking about you know like the MRT of the medical training fund is already in the office of the county general they cannot prove it the issue of the secular and one for one replacement of doctors and nurses that have left that are in eyepiece those things doesn't need them to come however for the incoming ministers of labor and productivity and also the minister of health where when they come they can only continue even if all the demands that we have act are done today there are three things that need to be done in our tertiary health decision so that we can give good quality of care and ensure patient safety so we are so should you have waited should you have waited yeah so should your association have waited for all of that to be established before going on strike that no we should go but it's a continuum we should not wait because even when they came did you know wait for those ministers who approved the five billion that are we still have to go many places with the structure that they have gotten now it's enough for them to even do all we are asking for you know some of the things don't even involve money like we used to say imagine them just asking that the medical and medical staff of Nigeria to reverse the downgrading of our members of it doesn't need one naira you only need we so in the midst of our strike we just saw and a secular from the National Service and income which is commissioned okay bringing out the secular so who told them to bring out that secular is government they can walk we I don't think we should wait for the federal national executive class to be formed we have a president we have secretary chief of staff of the president and the whole lot the governor is there let them do the needful and we'll find a way and when the new ministers coming we will continue if not we'll keep on waiting endlessly for people to settle down and like a very dirty water of a flood in the rainy season I don't think we will settle down in in good time before things run out of hand okay we're wrapping up now just finally if you were to choose the lowest-hanging fruits what will there be because government definitely may not may not solve all the problems that you have enumerated here there were quite many so what are the most pressing ones that even if they cannot solve the other ones in the shortest possible time they have to do maybe within the next one month one month is too far all our demands are very practicing about it you know what I bought the status of your station or the federal including the release of our trainer in Calabar like I told you earlier who has been in them in the den of adopters and opting out they are all pressing demand like that that's how I'm some of the government official or one of them access what can I do they let them start doing it then we sit down we we are recessed from the meeting the meeting that we went to strike is on recess that wasn't on the 21st so we went to recess we reconvene again and called the strike we're on recess for that meeting what I've ended is our statutory next meeting so we are just willing to reconvene anytime the show working but as I've known not really have been done what was done is not accepted is rejected so let them do the meet with the demands are before their eyes let them start and we need to review what they have done and I can assure you that the welfare of patient of Nigerians is really in our heart and will not hesitate in order to review and possibly combat if they start doing what they should do and those emphasis like I said the issue of brain drain let them replace doctors let the secular for one-on-one replacement be released let them you know tell the relevant government agency to release that secular the head of the federation and then of course the 233 MRT members are going money to go for exams let it be paid like other issues the areas we are talking about these things can be done in the reversal of the downgrading of our member certificate and then the states they can also call on the government where since we are wrapping up I want to also comment some governments in Nigeria that have done well in fact notably and I think not long ago the government of the west of the month some other state about five six of them after this MRT 23 you know the revised version they paid it and some of them have approved and and the commerce salary scale which was the struggling you know the full one where others are also not doing well so whether you will be commented where they don't do well we can commend them sir thank you so much dr. Caleb a curry for your time and we hope that this is resolved as soon as possible for the sake of the people for the sake of the people yes and we are the people the doctors are the people yeah we are all we are all part of it all right doctor thank you so much for being here thank you dr. Caleb dr. Caleb a curry has joined us to take a look at the unfolding drama with the striking doctors well between the striking doctors and the federal government we watch and see how all of that unfolds stay with us as we come back with our second hot topic on the breakfast