Hey welcome everybody to another episode of the non-profit show. We're really excited because today is another and albeit rare episode that we do called non-profit thought leader and today we have Anne McCauley Lopez back with us, somebody that I love working with. I love her energy and her mind and the things that she brings to our sector and today we're going to talk about chat GPT and your non-profit, how you can be looking at this tool and you know we went right to the source Anne is a writer, agency content writer, I mean that's the name of her business and so this conversation is going to be really powerful because we want to find out really what she thinks and how we can navigate this whole thing. Again I'm Julia Patrick CEO of the American Non-profit Academy, Jarrett Ransom the non-profit nerd is off today but she'll be rejoining us. We want to thank all of our presenting sponsors who really join with us day in and day out. They include Bloomerang American Non-profit Academy, your part 10 controller, non-profit thought leader, fundraising academy at National University, staffing boutique, non-profit nerd and non-profit tech talk. Also super super cool and we have a new app out and it is so marvelous. Our team at the American Non-profit Academy led by Kevin Pace put this together. You can download this app wherever you like to get your apps or you can even take a quick screenshot here with this QR code. Of course you can find this on our podcast and all of our streaming broadcast platforms. More importantly we have Anne McCauley Lopez back with us. I love that I love that image agency content writer. You know it's so funny and I was thinking about this this morning that you know for all your wisdom and all the things that you've been able to talk to us about it's been fascinating to see how they've grown in concert and in harmony with tech and I was thinking about that and then I was like and today we're talking about chat GPT. I mean so moving the concept of communication, how we share our stories but at the heart of it Anne it's really become a tech issue. It is chat GPT is it's moving fast and I think there are we talked about it there are people who are innovators and they move fast with the technology and then there's others of us who are later adopters or ask some questions kind of test it out and see where it fits and for nonprofits I think we some of us will lean one way and some of us will lean the other way. I think there's a caution we have to express some caution use caution when implementing anything new right I mean we have to be careful about everything. We're all worried about everybody having a website or social media or donations through Facebook or through apps I'm still not like I know I love that you have an app I'm going to try that one out I don't use a lot of apps but I'm very excited but it's those kind of things right that are tech based and we wonder can we use it for our organization and I and this is one of the biggest ones and it's moving really fast which is I don't know about you but it's a little scary to me right well you know I keep hearing about like it used to be back in the day you know your technology had to change every four years and then it moved to two years and then it was like you know updates that we could be doing digitally and then would be updating throughout your machines and now it's like down to hours you know and really reading like chat gbt that the iterations are like now 72 hours on some of these things and so it's astonishing and I think it's really an important thing to be watching and to be understanding and learning about it because it's not going away um so let's dig into this concept first and foremost chat gpt you know there's so much about it we're not going to go and get into what it is and and and uh explain it that way but we're really going to be talking today more about the stewardship and the management of it we were talking in the green room chatter the fear of jobs always comes up in the conversation oh my gosh the robot robots are taking over and we won't be working nobody will be working what do you say to that I say what I thought is there are some CEOs that came up recently and said that and I kind of they weren't very specific like what jobs is chat gbt is artificial intelligence taking I'm not entirely sure so that was part of it uh the other thing was I thought about it from the perspective of when we got self-checkout at the grocery store and with oh my gosh everybody works at a grocery store it's union it's good pay it's a great job you know for job growth all these people will be out of work no my grocery store in my city is all self-checkout and there are people walking around and are very helpful about products and they keep the shelves stocked and they help when the automated system doesn't work or you buy a bottle of wine you know they check your ID and all that so I don't I think the jobs will shift what do you think I think we'll have different jobs we had websites and we have website designers okay right I agree with you I think that it's not an either or I think that it just changes the way we think and the way we work and I think you know you and I are on the same page about communication you know we we think about this because of who we are in our careers I feel like you're my soul sister in that you know so it's words and it's how we communicate but for me and there's still the human element I mean we still need an editor if you will we still need that person that you run it up the flagpole as they say and you get things checked and I've been I completely agree I completely agree and it's not just because that's my business either I think as a whole when we talk about nonprofits a lot of times we're telling stories and we can't tell a story of those we serve with a bot you know maybe some basic content maybe we use the technology in the little responses at the bottom of our website are you interested tell us what you need you know those kinds of things but ultimately we're telling stories and that bot isn't going to be able to tell the story we can use tools like Grammarly which are AI based to do a grammar check or a spell check I also put it into good old Microsoft word because it also has a plagiarism check I've experimented and had articles just dump them right out of chat GPT put them in a plagiarism checker and it is it comes up as original content I'm wondering how long does that last if we're using that raw data if someone else goes in and types the same thing I did you know how to donate to the Red Cross and it was a beautiful article and it hit all the points and it probably took it right from their website because it knows this large entity could the Red Cross take that and put it on their website probably it may even be there in some form probably right I mean yeah right now now I have to tell you I have to tell you I took American nonprofit academy and it gave me some sort of like nonprofit certification so it took the word academy and dove in on that so it's not perfect so we do need humans the other thing is even if we go to if it is a great blog post if it's American Red Cross in Phoenix Arizona or whatever city you're in you want to put your affiliate information in that article right like there's there's some branding and personalization that happens that chat GPT is not doing yet I say that with caution yet yet so there is it is definitely it is definitely editing it some of it is a is a chunk of the writing as well yeah yeah for those stories it seems to me that I love that you use the word tool and it seems to me understanding like how it works within a bigger picture and not just the actual specific what is it going to spit out that how it can work for you and I'm really interested to hear more about this I mean you bring up the piece of like what are other people talking about or what do other people want to know and I remember when we first met you three years ago and we had you on you gave us the tip about using Google to to research what are the questions that people are asking and I thought that was genius can you do the same thing here with that sure in fact I compared I asked it for ideas related to the power of blogging and it came up with a list and there were a couple things that I hadn't thought of there were which I thought was interesting and it didn't bring up some other items so you can when I use it as a tool I use it for I've used it for idea generation so tell me about this but also use those other tools like Google and Google's it that's that that's the AI that there's AI behind that I watched a webinar and he talked about how Google has moved from like a literal translation of what you put in the search engine and I was like oh my gosh there were times when we had to say what how do you make a pizza what is in uh you know like whatever it is and it will come up literal or come up with gibberish because people were doing things on the internet with keywords and stuff that we don't have to get into and then it moved to how do you make a pizza and now it's you just put pizza in and it's pizza near me how to make a pizza what is pizza dough can I make gluten-free pizza and all these different things and each of those we can and that's all AI that's that's Google changing its algorithm it's Google Google's technology learning what are we asking and how are we how are we humans asking it to create answers that um that are useful to us that are relevant to us that helps too where we use those best practices of blogging we combine all our tools and then we're coming up higher in the search engine results how do you donate to or the non-profit podcast you know all of all of the things we're doing in terms of the structure of the website and the content we're producing chat gbt can be used like we use that google tool or in conjunction with it and in conjunction with other seo tools search engine optimization tools that we've talked about like keywords everywhere uber suggests samaraj those kind of things that the super seo experts use um but we can combine those and tell those stories but also use those keywords and answer those questions that people are asking or the chat gbt is saying people are asking you can use it but i think we've got to be strategic yeah i i think it's interesting that you you have helped us draw the the arc of we have already been working with ai this is not chat gbt is not at the forefront of this this is just using that same technology and i'd love that you drew that back to how we used to use google we would i would yeah i remember you full sentences and then you'd go back oh no wait let's change that now you literally can put in one word in it yeah that's you had to say what is the cap you know like it was these long sentences and if it didn't do it you're like oh i'm gonna try something else yeah what and you got creative but now it's just no so i don't know maybe we've gotten lazy but well a little bit of both differently yeah knowing how to use our technology um talk to us a little bit about this because this seems to be one of those things i mean you and i have talked offline about this and that's creating social media posts so many nonprofits that i speak with it's one of the questions that comes in a lot to the friday ask an answered episodes how do i manage blog posts how do i get this content created social media posts where do they live within that chat gpt ecosystem i guess there uh i came across an article i have and i know you'll mention the article i wrote and i'm pretty sure the resource is linked in there um when you just just google it chat gpt prompts and it was an article that included hashtag prompts social media prompts so i conducted a little experiment and i just exactly what i put in social media posts about nonprofit gala and it actually pushed out a pretty good post it says looking for a way to support a great cause while enjoying a night of elegance and entertainment join us for our annual nonprofit gala on this event will feature blah blah blah in support of our mission to blank it says insert mission don't miss the opportunity and it included hashtags so of course the next thing i did was i went in and i said okay let me see what it can give me for those hashtags so it could um i asked it also for social media posts for uh for blog writer for small businesses in charlotte north carolina that's where i am um and a lot of them were stale see but if you're looking for a call to action post once a week which is like the 8020 rule then you just grab one of these it gave me 10 it would have kept going or or had more and it says hey charlotte small business owners are you struggling to keep up with your blog content let me help you out for affordable blog writing service tailored to your business ease contact me to learn more wow i don't i don't know that i could have written a better one and then you put your link or you you know phone number email so i think it can really ease that pressure of creating social posts that we can have some that are generated like this because that's a great one there's other ones that are fantastic in here the hashtags on that gala post instead of saying social media posts for five cave the benefits such and such or whatever it is and it can generate now is it going to be perfect every time absolutely not it writes like a high schooler struggling to write a paper often that's what i found now someone told me there's on the paid version it it is better yeah so if you're willing to to pay chat gbt i'm not there yet i'm a little cheap i want to see what the free version does till they lock me out right and then i'll go through the paywall to see what it does i'm just playing right now just to see what it does because i'm a writer right i can rewrite right but i think for a nonprofit you might get your social posts or get your your posts that you evergreen is the word i'm looking for julia i'm having trouble with words already the the evergreen post so you say every third monday we post about this every fourth tuesday we post about that and you plug them into your calendar your scheduler take those from chat gbt and then the others are the ones that you hire a blog writer or you have a staff person right or about your mission or pictures of an event that you had along with a little article that's sort of a thing to fill in those blanks on social and work that with your blog calendar so if you're you know the theme is a then your social media is about a your theme is b your your blog theme is b social media is b and go into chat gbt for each of those to get those evergreen posts and then just reuse them we don't i have someone that i follow i thought closely and she told me that's her secret she said oh i don't come up with original content all the time i've certain things that i post on certain days and certain times of the month i said i follow you and i didn't even know that and it's a reminder to me oh yeah she said something about that last month i didn't know the exact same post you know social media post not blog post social media i was like what it speaks to you listening to you really it it makes me back up and and and this is something that you've talked with us about before and that is having that editorial calendar i mean looking at chat gbt obviously as a way to generate some stuff but at at the end of the day you still need to have a content direction and a flow and i would also argue it probably would help you to get better chat gbt results because you would be putting in more specific things so for example mother's day is coming up you could say you know talk about how our nonprofit can be support supporting mother's day issues or you know whatever i mean but if you don't win yeah yeah if you don't have that editorial calendar i can see where things just kind of become a little bit more nebulous and then you can focus on you focus on a particular program or mission or if you're serving women then yes you build up to that mother's day if you there's a particular time of year that you like to fundraise or you have that gal coming up or whatever it is yeah focus the calendar there i remember we talked about it you said well what if i well how do i fill my calendar or what if i don't have enough and we don't leave that space because we can put in these chat gbt prompts we can put in other article you know what i mean and it really i think it could be super helpful for for nonprofits and for profits to get those to get those prompts now always add your own spin like for all if everybody put in social media posts for small businesses in charlotte and got the same thing i did well you know i think that's i think that's you know coming down the pike i right and we talked about that a little bit as well in the green room chatter and that is you know you again goes back to the management the human management piece of this but yeah as we become more and more um adept at using this tool and it becomes part of our own system where do we draw the line between plagiarism original content and and you know being unique one of the things before we let you go and we don't have that much time but you mentioned this and i'd love for you to help us out a little bit because i know this is something that plagues a lot of us you talk about chat gbt helping us to generate hashtags and headlines oh yes i used chat gbt i'm going to this little document because i got to play julia thanks for letting me give me permission to play so i said okay let's we've been traveling a lot this year so at my request specifically chat gbt was hashtags for travel bloggers okay and it said here are some effective hashtags for travel bloggers that can help increase uh visibility engagement on social platforms it gave me 20 and it said using these uh you can reach a wider audience but instead also consider region or city specific hashtags industry specific for a non-profit it would be mission specific but give me 20 and they're good so you could take that and pair it with a hashtag generator um that analyzes hashtags and see okay which of these are the best performing and is there something better i mean don't overthink it but this will give you some hashtags jet that was really i wouldn't have i wouldn't have thought to use it for that no and then in this article i was like oh oh it will do that so there's prompts you can put in and just to kind of play it i spent an hour and i got so much information from it i was like okay i'm going to include this now in my process now for headlines i use a uh a i o s e o dot com they have a free headline analyzer tool they have an article that says hey you need more emotional words in your headline here's some ideas and you can track your different headlines and it says a score over 70 is better so add an emotional word add a power word you know untold secrets about the american red cross like i don't know whatever it is to kind of jazz it up and then it performs better in terms of s e o but you're not sitting there going okay team we need a jazzy title for our article you write the topic you get the headliner tool and you know or you get that do the headline and then write it but ultimately you're answering the same question no matter the headline right and it's it'll perform better because it's got all those words that google analyzes and and for that it's for 30 years as a publisher i can't tell you the the numbers of hours that my team and i would sit around and come up with headlines i mean we would literally i could i can see the tables and we would ask the question no that's not sexy enough well that's not you know juicy enough oh that doesn't really tell the story i mean i am fascinating can you repeat that that site again sure it's a i o s e o dot com and i just put in free headline analyzer tool and a free a i headline analyzer tool it was a little farther to i really i love it i absolutely love it so you can go play in there i love it i think that's genius and i think um we know especially with just being barrage day in and day out with all of our digital lives those headlines become your best tool because if you don't get people to open if you don't get people to engage it doesn't matter what your mission is it doesn't matter how amazing your content is if you don't get them with that hook they're moving on to something else and it's really within seconds that's what they say oh yeah use it for your newsletter headline yeah oh yeah share that blog post and that's an easy way to keep in contact too we've talked about all that repurposing content and all that yeah i mean it's easy so instead of your team looking at headlines now they can actually create content do social posts whatever it is there's still jobs circle back on that still jobs well you know we've only had 30 minutes with ann but she has written a really cool article and you can access it on her blog agency content writer dot com and i would imagine that there are going to be more articles like this coming down the pike i'm from you but let's chat let's talk chat gpt was just posted recently and it's really an interesting look at um at this process and in in your blog post you brought up different ways of using this that i had not considered and so it's really worth your while to to take a peek at this because um the way you framed it up with how we can use it and how we can maximize this technology um speaks to a bigger issue of communication and i thought it was beautifully done and like i said it really made me think of not just one or two new things but several new things and so thank you for having i know i know my team is like julia this time went so fast julia it's so great to see you i know it really is i you always like totally engage me and get me going and get me so excited about um what our nonprofits do how we do it but more importantly how we tell the story how we communicate because it's it's such an important part of this overall mission that we that we work on and it's somehow falls to the bottom and we don't spend enough time on it so i love love love your your brain hey another thing um and mccally is a published author and she has this amazing book called we don't get to ring the bell my cml story you know and we um put this up but we don't really get ever get enough time to talk about it in the very few minutes we have left can you share with us your book and and and how we get it and what it means thank you i really appreciate that julia yes this book is about my story uh of having a type of leukemia called chronic myeloid leukemia the reason it's called we don't get to ring the bell is that uh for most cml patients we take a pill to keep us in remission um and we never get the okay you're done with your chemo you're done with your radiation we the treatment is to take a pill so we don't we don't ring the bell and then so it's different it's different than other cancers and essentially now at my point my journey seven years in it's really uh how to manage a chronic illness so i think it speaks to a few different audiences and it's really just the story of me and how we handled those first few years having cml and i just been married for four months and what we what we did to navigate it and how you find a doctor and navigate prescriptions and and all that fun healthcare stuff that uh i thought was important to share yeah you know i love this uh i love that you shared this piece of your life and this part of your life um i think a lot of times in the nonprofit sector we get so exercised about what it is that we're doing in our mission that a lot of times we forget to circle back to our actual clients and learn about their journeys and this goes across the board on all of our sectors within the nonprofit world and so it's really a rich experience and of course who better than a writer a professional writer so i mean it's a really amazing thing um and thank you for sharing that story with us it's it's really it's really really powerful and macaulay lopez ceo content writer with agency content writer amazing amazing free resources on her website agency content writer dot com check it out because there's so much knowledge that ann is beautifully articulated that will help your nonprofit and your management of it no matter where you are on the trajectory of your work it's a remarkable thing and i go back to your site often to kind of sometimes refresh or you know i'll remember something i'll be like yeah how did you navigate this and so great great pieces of information again i'm julia patrick ceo of the american nonprofit academy sure it ran some the nonprofit nerd we'll be back with us shortly um she likes to say she's everybody's nonprofit nerd i claim her as my own personal nonprofit nerd but she can be yours too and again we have amazing sponsors and they are with us day in and day out they include the folks at blooming american nonprofit academy your part time controller nonprofit thought leader fundraising academy at national university staffing boutique nonprofit nerd and nonprofit tech talk these are the folks that are with us day in and day out and again and macaulay lopez you are part of that family with us today being a nonprofit thought leader thank you so much thank you julia it's great to see you it's been a lot of fun hey get don't be afraid of chat gpt be looking into it i i think that's for me that's my message today that i received from you for sure for sure the bloggers aren't going away writers still have jobs we're all good we can use the technology with our other in our toolboxes right and and reach the people we want to reach i agree and i agree hey everybody another great episode of the nonprofit show and as we end every episode we want to remind ourselves our viewers our listeners our guests our sponsors i should add them too to stay well so you can do well you can do well


Hello, my dear friends and Chanakya IAS fraternity. I welcome you all to today's topic in news that is currency manipulation. We will be analyzing the relevance of this news and cover the wholesome aspect that how it is important from the point of view of UPSC civil service exam and how beneficial it will be for UPSC aspirants. We will be covering the news on currency manipulation from to the advanced level of the concept. So, you just have to watch this full video to get hold over this topic and stay tuned till the last of the video. So, before going into the discussion, I want to share a question with you all guys. Listen the question very carefully. Consider the following statements. The statement says, currency devaluation is a deliberative attempt of the market forces of the country to gain significant advantages in their operations. And second statement says, frequent currency devaluations can lead to currency wars. Which of the statements given above are correct? Your options are option A, one only, option B, two only, option C, both one and two and option D, neither one and two. Lock your answers till the end of the video. And if you don't know the answer, watch the video till the last of the concept and you will get the answer. So, moving ahead, we will discuss that why currency manipulation isn't news and what is the context of this discussion. It is the most important thing to know that what is the context. So, the very recently, United States has once again included India in its monitoring list of countries with potentially questionable foreign exchange policies and currency manipulation. So, United States has put a tag of currency manipulator on India and it has put India again on its currency manipulation list. And it claimed that the foreign exchange policies adopted by India are questionable. And the US Department of the Treasury Office of International Affairs in its latest report to the US Congress has included India, Taiwan and Thailand to its monitoring list of major trading partners that merit close attention to their currency practices and macroeconomic policies. So, after discussing the context of the video, now we would be dealing with the basics of the currency manipulation. What are the basics of currency manipulation? So, currency manipulation is basically a level given by the US government to the countries it feels are engaging in unfair currency practices. The key word is unfair currency practices by deliberately devaluating their currency against the dollar. So, just imagine like if dollar is the currency of US and rupees is the currency of India, so either India is devaluating its currency frequently, time and again to challenge the foreign exchange rate with respect to dollar. So, currency manipulation is basically a tag given by US government to countries that are engaging in unfair currency practices. So, this practice would mean that the country in question is artificially lowering the value of its currency to gain an unfair advantage over the others. So, we will be discussing that what is devaluation. Okay, devaluation is basically a concept under which the currency is devalued. In simple terms, it can be said that in devaluation, the currency's value falls. How does it fall? If, let's say, the first dollar was of 50 rupees and today's date is of the same value of 1 dollar, so what is the exchange rate here? It is devalued. Why is devalued? It is devalued because there are some objectives of the government. How can there be objectives? Let's assume that you have to promote the export and reduce the import. So, if you reduce the import and export, then what will you have to do? You have to devaluate the currency. So, who does devaluation? It is devalued by the government. Okay. So, this is because the devaluation would reduce the cost of exports from the country and artificially show a reduction in rate deficits as a result. Okay. So, what exactly is devaluation? It is the... Actually, we should know that what exactly is devaluation. Devaluation of a currency is associated with countries having a fixed exchange rate regime. Devaluation happens mostly in countries with fixed exchange rate regime. Okay. And devaluation affects the value of a country's currency and it leads to fall in the value of a country's currency in terms of other currencies. However, the long-term impacts on the country's economy are very different in devaluation. Like, as I earlier told you, the devaluation of a currency associated with countries having a fixed exchange rate regime. Okay. And under the fixed exchange rate regime, the central bank, the central bank or the government decides the value of currency with respect to other foreign currencies. Here, the central bank of the government decides the value of the currency with respect to other foreign currencies. So, when the government or central bank reduces the value of its currency, then it is known as the devaluation of currency. So, what is happening here? The value of the currency is falling. How is it falling? Earlier, it was 1 dollar equals to 50 rupees. Now, 1 dollar equals to 60 rupees. That is why we call currency devaluation. So, it is frequent efforts by the government or the central bank of the country to lower down the value of the currency. Under this, the value of domestic currency is deliberately reduced in terms of other foreign currencies. For example, in 1966, when India was following the fixed exchange rate regime, fixed exchange rate regime, FER means fixed exchange rate regime. So, in 1966, when India was following fixed exchange rate regime, the Indian rupee was devaluated by 36 percent. How much? 36 percent. So, now, we will be discussing that what can be the reasons and objectives of the currency devaluation. So, first reason can be to increase the exports. Why? How it can lead to increase in the exports? Countries go for currency devaluation to boost their exports in the international market. And devaluation of currency makes it good cheaper. When they devaluate the currency, then their value in the international market is reduced. In other international competition tests, for example, China has reduced the value of its currency or devalued it. Why? So that its goods become less extensive and its goods extend more in the international market. And the most recent example of this is the trade war between US and China. What was that trade war? It was simply devaluation of currency for both the countries in order to gain trade preferences. So, this can and it can devaluation of the currency can also lead to the economic growth rate of the countries due to the higher exports and an increase in the aggregate demand and the economy. And second, it can also lead to competitive devaluation. What is competitive devaluation? Competitive devaluation means if a country is devaluing its currency, then another country will be motivated and they will say that they will do it too. We also need trade preferences and we need to make our product competitive in the international market. So, what will happen? China has devalued its currency and India and Sri Lanka and Brazil will do it too. What will this condition do? This condition will promote currency war. So, it is being said that currency devaluation, frequent currency devaluation leads to currency war and the devaluation of the currency also leads to reduction in the trade deficits because devaluation makes a country's exports cheaper while imports become more expensive. So, what will happen here? The export ratio will increase and the import ratio will decrease. So, what will happen? So, what are the disadvantages of currency devaluation? So, what are the disadvantages of devaluation? Disadvantages of devaluation are inflation as inflation can lead to increase in the inflation rate as essential imports such as oil. Oil is an essential import. Essential imports such as oil will become more expensive and it can lead to demand-full inflation. How will demand-full inflation be? How will demand-full inflation be? How will demand-full inflation be? So, let's assume that currency devaluation is okay and we need oil and people are demanding for oil but there is no demand in economy. There is no oil. We have to import from outside because we have restricted import. We have to export. So, demand-full inflation will increase. So, demand-full inflation reduces the purchasing power. How it reduces the purchasing power? It reduces the purchasing power of the country's citizens and foreign goods and foreign tools become extensive for them. The value of currency is decreasing here. How is it decreasing? It was $1.50. In the international market if you give more money then you will get less dollars. First, if you give more money then you will get less dollars. So, currency devaluation reduce the faith of international investors in the domestic economy. Large and quick devaluation of currency may reduce the faith of international investors in the domestic economy. Okay. So, now we will be discussing that what are the parameters used to put a country as a currency manipulator. An economy meeting two of the three criteria in the trade facilitation and trade enforcement act of 2015 it is an US Act. It is not an Indian Act. This is an US Act. So, an economy meeting two of the three criteria in the trade facilitation and trade enforcement act of 2015 is placed on the monitoring list. These criteria include a significant bilateral trade surplus with the US. One, that is at least $20 billion over a 12 month period. So, the first requirement is that if within a year the bilateral trade will go above $20 billion then the currency manipulator will go above. Second condition is a material current account surplus equivalent to at least 2% of GDP over a 12 month period. In one year if your current account surplus is 2% of GDP or more than that then the currency manipulator will go above. Third condition is that persistent one side intervention what it means when net purchases of a foreign currency totaling at least 2% of the country's GDP over a 12 month period are conducted repeatedly in at least 6 out of 12 months which means from 12 months to 6 months one side intervention which means 2% of the country's GDP foreign exchange or US dollar purchase if you meet these three conditions then the currency manipulator will go above. What are the two conditions first condition and third condition Once on the monitoring list and economy will remain there for at least two consecutive reports to help ensure that any improvement in performance versus the criteria is durable and not due to temporary factors means once you are on the monitoring list then you will have at least two consecutive reports whether you are doing it or not that's why so that the US Treasury can support and confirm that the efforts you are taking the measures you are taking in reality those are not temporary factors so what can be the possible reason behind US Releasing such as if the US currency manipulator is releasing the list then there will be some concern otherwise why would it why would it release the list of currency manipulator so what can be the possible reason the most prominent and most significant reason is Triffin Dilemma Triffin Dilemma is actually a conflict of economic interest conflict of economic interest Triffin Dilemma is a conflict of economic interest that arises between short term domestic short term D for domestic short term domestic and long term objectives and long term objectives and long term objectives of international achievement for countries whose currencies serves as a global reserve means that the US currency is a global reserve currency so due to that the US currency cannot develop for an exchange rate so its economic targets have to be managed on domestic demand and international pattern so it is being said that Triffin Dilemma is the most significant and prominent reason behind the US Releasing the currency manipulator list so now the question is why is India back in the monitoring list of currency manipulators if India was gone then again how it was listed now I have told you the reason behind it please read it again that India which has for several years maintained a significant bilateral goods trade surplus with US trade surplus with US crossed the 20 billion dollar according to the latest report and second condition says based on the central bank's intervention data India's net purchases of foreign foreign exchange accelerated notably in the second half of 2019 2019 ok so this condition India did not meet that the third condition says India sustained net purchases for much of the first half of 2020 which pushed net purchases of foreign exchange to 64 billion dollar for 2.4% of GDP over the four quarters to June 2020 so here India fulfills two of the three conditions which requires to be on the currency manipulators list so this is how India comes on the currency manipulator list ok so what can be the possible implications for India being putting on this currency manipulator list the possible implications for India can be we can say that India has traditionally tried to balance between preventing excess currency appreciation on the one hand and protecting domestic financial stability on the other means India on the other hand does not increase the value of the currency and on the other hand takes care of its financial stability a traditional approach to India ok and India being on the foreign exchange operations it needs to pursue to protect financial stability means that RBI can restrict itself in foreign exchange operations so that it remains below 2% and third the two most obvious consequences could be an appreciating rupee if you are still depreciating your currency you are still depreciating your currency but now you have to appreciate your currency so what is appreciation appreciation is rising value of currency rising value of currency means if the price of one dollar first let's say exchange rate was 20 rupees so today's date now what will happen that the price of one dollar will be 10 rupees this is what we call appreciation what happens with appreciation less inflation ok and with appreciation more import because the value of currency increases so Indian policy makers have to be sensitive for the unpredictable nature of policy making in the US this is also very one dynamic aspect Indian policy makers have to be sensitive for the unpredictable nature of policy making in the US under Trump especially concerning global trade so now Joe Biden has been elected the President of the United States of America so certainly we can hope that at least there will be some stability in the policies so after discussing the whole topic now we should come back again to the question the question was consider the following statements currency devaluation is deliberate attempt of the market forces of the country to gain significant advantages in their operations and second the quaint currency devaluations can lead to currency wars so now which of the following are correct ok so read the question again currency devaluation is deliberate attempt of the market forces of the country to gain significant advantage in their operations it is not all deliberate attempt of market forces market forces have no role to play in this so this statement is wrong and second statement is frequent currency devaluation can lead to currency wars what China was doing in that case China was reducing its currency rate similarly US was also lowering its currency rate so what it leads to it will ultimately lead to currency war so the correct answer is too only so thank you so much for watching this video keep watching the video subscribe the channel don't forget to like share and subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon to never miss an update


I would like to talk about the assessment of risk mitigation strategies for texts or ridges and following our scheme that we talked about in the decision scenario, then what the model results and the value of information with the conclusion. The work I am presenting was done in the short term scientific mission. This is one tool, one networking tool we have in this cost action framework and I was going to UCASA in Australia. They are actually the expert on security issues for structures for civil engineering structures can be found. And I was very happy to work with him together on this case study here. So we analyzed the risk mitigation measures for terrorist attacks with provides the explosive devices. And the structure we are looking at is an iconic structure, two million euro investment. This is what we assume the decision maker is a public authority responsible for the safety of the infrastructure and of course of the infrastructure users. And the decision point and time is the design phase as I think this is also an important feedback we have already collected. SHM should be the decisions are taken in the design phase. We can also for a second scenario or a second risk mitigation strategy we can also take the decision in the operation phase. Life cycle phases is the design phase and 100 years of operation we there we annualize the costs over the 100 years with a forward certain interest rate and the performance is the improvised explosive device IED loading that we are considering. And the objective is the realization of the risks and expected costs or posing the objective differently are the measures are the investments in the safety are they cost efficient do they really help to reduce the risks. So we have here a little different decision tree so our base strategy here is it's no risk mitigation we can do a protect strategy as one. So that's basically implemented in the design a measure to enhance the collapse or to protect against the collapse of the bridge. And the second strategy is control here we have surveillance information which provide an indication that the structure is safe or there's a threat. And if there was a threat then the decision is or the action is to close the structure and to allow for detection measures or certainly getting rid of the explosive device. And this is then connected to the system states safe and collapse for the bridge. So the basic model for the assessment of the collapse probability we are having here is that we work with the probability of a threat. So are there terrorists at work developing an improvised explosive device or maybe the point is that we don't know researchers don't know engineers don't know but maybe there's some information in the police departments and security services. So this is basically to a large extent this is an unknown. And then we have the probability that there is a hazard given that there's a threat. So this goes basically to the performance of the improvised explosive device. And there's quite some data on the performance of an explosive device. So it doesn't ignite, it doesn't explode and it's the damages. And this can be assessed on previous incidents and it's around 20 percent. 20 percent of the explosive devices really do a damage. And then what is the probability of collapse here was this hazard. So again in the perspective of that our decision analyzes provides the interface to the or between the decision analyzes and the decision parameters to the more sophisticated models. We analyze the protective measures in a way that they need to risk reduction and they cost and the higher the risk reduction data are here the higher they cost and this is non linear. So what we find out is that the optimal or we can identify the optimal risk reduction together with the costs. So this is these two columns here and it depends on our unknown threat level. So we basically assume the threat level of our threat probability. This is 2.10 to the power of minus 3 and then we would need a risk reduction of 46 percent and we have these annualized costs here. So we see that for low threat probabilities the optimality goes with rather low performing risk reduction measures and low cost risk reduction measures. This is this is optimal but if the threat probability is higher then we the optimal is here to implement high performing risk reduction measures and also more costs. So this was basically the analyzes of this part and now we are coming to the control strategy. So the control strategy is that we have surveillance information which can give an indication or no indication and the indications depend on the true state. So there's also false indications taken into account. We have the cost of the surveillance system investments operation and replacement every 10 years and the bridge closure for detection actions and costs are accounted for. For instance due to a threat. Again we have we want to identify an optimal strategy in terms of the probability of detection in dependency of the costs we see. Again we have assumed and we have calibrated basically our model on real numbers in a way that high detection or detection performance goes with nonlinear high costs. What we find is that here and strategies surveillance strategies this was all decision variables with a high performance are optimal and also with associated higher costs and both strategies in comparison basically what we can see here is this is the relative value of information. So we divide by the expected costs of our base scenario and we see that for a low threat probability we can identify optimal strategies but there's basically no effect on the overall costs and risks. This is different if the threat probabilities are higher than we can have very significant risk production. So the conclusions are any risk mitigation strategy should be implemented with the knowledge of the threat probabilities. So there must be an interface to some who knows the threat probabilities. The strategies protected control are cost-efficient for threat probabilities higher than two times 10 to the power of minus three despite we can follow our threat probabilities identify optimal measures but they are not significant email field implemented. So below 10 to the power of minus three protective measures and control strategies should be implemented. And this goes to more detail in a publication for the YEPAS in Berlin this year. I would like to know from you what is the experience with the security measures for bridges from your side and are they somehow enforced or how they are accounted for in the design or are there requests in the operation to account for security measures? So this is the first question and I start here. I think it's a very interesting study especially because it's about a type of theory that is maybe not really explicitly considered in design. One thing that I'm curious about is how you think about the capability of security services of assessing that threat probability because from literature it appears that we are notoriously bad when estimating small probabilities where it used to be orders of magnitude of. And in relation to the last presentation is about the catalog of different monitoring devices that catalog is also based on the failure modes that we consider in the design but there might be other failure modes such as an explosive device that might also be relevant. So I think that's also maybe a good thing to consider if we purely base our monitoring strategies on the things that we consider in the design it might give us a really good overview for those things but it kind of lacks the robustness to cover those things that we might not have looked into in design and for those issues it might be even more interesting but yeah it's a I tried to answer the question but I couldn't manage that so. Yes. So Max and I have a comment here. How do you calculate the risk reduction? You have safety measures and of course you have to optimize them and so on but according to experience most of the safety measures are measures which has not been proven in the past by statistical data so you have let's say how effective they are or how they work. How do you calculate this risk reduction especially in these cases where the technology is going fast? This risk reduction is an interface here so we describe what risk reduction is in combination with the costs as optimal and of course this should be substantiated by the assessment of the measures and here we need to come from this overall level more to the specific measures like like a boss offense for instance or whatever measure is or simply strengthening the dimensions and account for the pressure wave and have a set of scenarios where the explosive device can be placed could be placed and then the risk reduction goes with the probability of a reduction and this is what we can assess with the structural reliability methods. Thank you. In the last slide you created a clear threshold based on the thread probability and that probability is purely subjective there is no real realistic definition of a thread probability so how much does it make to create a clear threshold based on such a definition? It's a frequentistic deputation of the tread level but the challenge here is here we can we can calculate from the incidence we have observed at the number of both buildings so there is incidence a number of incidents in the past 20, 30, 50 years and then there's a number of buildings and that's the frequentistic probability of tread and that's in the order of 10 to the power of minus 6, 4 buildings so first day spaces, frequentistic spaces but the more important point here is yes civil engineering, natural hazards, we can look at the past and with our egoticity and stationarity assumptions we can predict the future but do we have egoticity and stationarity in our models which are causing these hazards so that's something like human mass behavior models and where these conditions we are working with usually in civil engineering are not fulfilled at all. So obviously you did this study while in Australia and Mark Stewart has been studying those sort of consequences of bombing and so on for a while right and assessment of risks so Australians are clearly scared about that I don't think they actually have any bombing incident terrorist attacks on Australian soil but anyway my question is really kind of related to your about the probabilities right is it something that Denmark I don't know any other European countries perhaps more UK right because well terrorists very small kind of visible but is it is it a problem for us here in Europe or are you in Europe because UK is not going to be in Europe soon so which kind of relates to what is the probability of that really happening on a theoretical kind of basis okay it's a study in making those decisions right but in practice I mean the practical examples in another context but the practical examples we are seeing is that we have in the areas where there's a lot of pedestrians we have protections like big big plants with big concrete containers or yeah well actually security measures are implemented for this example and there's also also this is papers by Max Ludd an enforcement of security measures for large governmental buildings in US but it's US or Australia right I'm asking in European context should we be scared right or is there a regulation we just don't know or I don't know about but I'm not a person to answer whether we should be scared did the only thing I can do is help me to study such studies and point to official measures which was a good answer Michael well one thing one way to go about the unknown threat probabilities is to look at the unknown probabilities or let's say discretize that you have there in your model which is the typical way to try to assess what if we have this level of threat or the other one but then to consider these to be outcomes of possible unknown systems so given we have one system the the threat level is this another system is this such system as this but we don't know and then you can introduce let's say a uniform prior over the unknown systems and you can optimize decision making looking at the future of course but also looking at just like if we are looking at climate change scenarios uh buying options for adapting to uh knowledge which will come in the future of relevance to understand better which system is actually realizing itself right and I think this is the only thing we can do maybe to ensure that we are able to adapt to the future as it evolves and we get more knowledge right and take into account the different possible systems to the best of our knowledge and if we don't really know then in principle we have a range of different threat probabilities to to to take into account in that way we can optimize decisions and begin identify decision alternatives which are robust


of the application. Bob's always so hard to follow because he brings in a lot of interesting philosophy plus practicality, which is a really unique skill. I'm just going to be all practical, I think, hopefully. So let's talk about some of the analytics problems of large scale implementations. There's a sequence of events that usually happen. First, we hear that we can't get our data in. Apps are crashing. We can't get the 20 million patients we're trying to enroll into the system. We have 5,000, 10,000 concurrent users. Their apps are crashing. People aren't working. So we run around. We try to fix that. Usually we do. And then what happens next? We can't see our data. Everybody's putting data in, but we can't get the analytics out. Dashboards are crashing. Event reports, line list is loading forever. People are waiting 15 hours for analytics tables to run, these kinds of things. We're going to talk a little bit about what can you do to fix analytics performance. I want to say fix. Most of these are kind of, I hate to say the word band-aids, but they're things, they're implementation things that you can do to mitigate the analytics performance issues. Some of them are more practical than that. But yeah. So what are we seeing? The problems that we're really seeing are slow performance of analytics dashboards, long list tables, charts that take forever to load or never load, analytics tables failings, worst case scenario, this almost never happens. Servers crash because the analytics queries are too big. Again, extreme worst case scenario only happened once or twice, not many times. And that was actually due mainly to poor hardware, than anything else. So it's causing, what's causing the problem? The problems are when we start to see large scale tracker implementations usually, you know, around or bigger than 500,000 to a million tracked entities. So 500,000 to a million people in your tracker instance. And what is this doing? These are causing really heavy analytics requests. So we are, you're trying to build maps that show all 10 million tracked entities, right? You've geo-coordinated all of them. So I want to turn on a map that shows all of them, right? So you're asking DHS to return 10 million points on a map. It's a heavy request. Enrollment or line listing with, you know, several thousand, 20,000, 40,000 tracked entities on it, right? You want to see all the data from all of these 20,000 people. That's a heavy request. It's a big, big amount of data to pull in to analytics. Visualization requests that are for longer than 12 months. So maybe you have tracker programs, some of you know, like COVAX or COVID programs now running for a couple of years. You want to see all of your COVID patients for the last 24, 36 months, all, you know, all their data in a single line list or something like that. Or on a, that's a huge request, you know, so these are, these are just the scale of them is really difficult to process. And then the last one, which I think is probably the most important one and something that's more actionable than most other things is any visualization that has an enrollment type program indicator. So an enrollment type program indicator is essentially you're saying I want to see all the data for all of the, for all of these enrollments, right? We have two types of program indicators. We have event and enrollment. Enrollment type produce massive queries. And that's actually what these charts are showing right up here. So the top one looking at dropout, this dropout indicator from the COVAX package, this is our COVAX package, is obviously you see the time there. All those dropout indicators are massive requests. They're enrollment indicators. There's a lot you can do to improve your performance if you can minimize the use of enrollment indicators. And that's the same thing for this COVAX package here. You see kind of two different charts showing large scale. So what are some solutions? The very first one, and this is what Bob was talking about, make sure you have adequate server resources and support. Period. If you're going to do large scale tracker, you have got to have large scale server support and management. You've got to have people who work, who know how to manage it and to do it. These problems usually happen, you know, when everybody is at work, right? So, you know, in the morning, when people are enrolling a lot of people, they're doing a lot of work, they're putting a lot of data in and project managers are querying the databases, pulling up dashboards, right? All of this is happening simultaneously. This is when things really hit the fan. And you've got to make sure that you have the resources, the server resources to do it, to first of all, and then you've got to make sure that when things do hit the fan, you've got staff who can manage, who can actually respond to it. The staff who can respond to it has been a perpetual issue. The other one is do not run your analytics tables during high traffic time, right? Run your analytics tables in the middle of the night when there's no one using it, hopefully, you know? Don't run your analytics tables at 3pm, right? I mean, running the analytics tables is heavy on the server. It's very taxing. And so, if you run it at 3pm, when you have lots of people reporting data, lots of people trying to pull analytics out, you know, there's only so much strain the server can take. Use event report program indicators whenever possible, mentioned that already. And then the first one is do not have dashboards with program indicators or, sorry, enrollment indicators set as your default landing page after login. So, hopefully, I assume you all know DHS too, that when you log in, usually the first thing you see is a dashboard, right? Well, that loading that dashboard is an analytics request, right? It's happening by default. So, it's immediately, as soon as you log in, first thing fires off analytics request. Well, if that dashboard that they're landing on is showing tracker data that's querying, you know, thousands, millions of tracked entities, of patients, then the very first thing you're doing right after logging in is hitting the server with a massive request. And that can be disruptive not only for you, you can wait forever, or it can be very disruptive to other users who are trying to do other things. So, this is a great best practice. And I think one that we really want to encourage as much as possible is, and this is an example from Sri Lanka, where their login page, they've set a default login page or dashboard that's just text. It's information. It's useful information. It's like, welcome to DHS too. Here's some things that you can do here. Here's what's important information to know. Here's some contact information. These text fields are minimal requests. I mean, they're very, very easy to load. So, this is what we recommend, is set your default landing page or default dashboard for users when they log in to something like a text dashboard, especially for heavy tracker implementations. If you're doing stuff in aggregate, everything is probably fine. But if you're doing big, big tracker implementations, this is a good best practice. And of course, you can set it as your first dashboard that everyone lands on by the dashboards are ordered alphanumerically, right? The order that you see the dashboards on the top. So, you can star it. So, that makes it kind of in the frontal list. And then you can also name the dashboard something like asterisk, asterisk notice or asterisk, asterisk info. And then that by default will put it towards the front. That was actually a bug, the sorting alphanumerically. But it became a very useful bug, so we actually just kept it there. Yeah. Some more analytic solutions. Limit the sharing of dashboards, like large dashboards, to just key users, right, that really need to see that data. Does everyone at every level need to see all 20 million tracked entities on a dashboard? Maybe, maybe not. And if they don't have to, don't do it, right? Just give them the key information that's relevant and useful to them. You don't have to share, make big dashboards for everybody. Well, you may have to, but if you can avoid it, I would recommend it. Restrict the number of org units that people need to see. So, you know, if I'm sitting at district level, do I need to see data representing the entire country? Maybe sometimes yes, maybe sometimes no. And if the answer is no, then please make that change.  And I'm almost done. Yeah, thanks. And then tracker analytics requests. So, yeah, make sure if you can do some of your requests outside of peak hours. So, some more advanced implementations, what they're doing is they're actually sending those requests for program indicators in the night. They're caching that data. And then they're, and then so you're able to see that data in the morning without sending these large requests. Just a couple of more points here. The first one is most instances we look at have not changed their caching. So, you have to make sure you enable caching. So, what happens is I log in to DHIs too. That dashboard caches in the browser, right? So, it loads once. And then if I leave and I go back without closing my browser, it's going to be much faster. And the reason it's much faster is because it caches. One easy way to do to make sure that you can continuously go back to the dashboard without sending, requesting from the server all the data is increase your cache duration. So, we recommend setting your cache expiration to 3600 seconds, which is 6 to 10 hours. And there's some steps to how to do that. And then the last one, which is probably not very popular, turn off continuous analytics. Everybody loves continuous analytics, but continuous analytics are running constantly. It's constantly making requests and that kind of stuff. So, it can be problematic. Last thing, if nothing else is working, last resort solutions here, which hopefully no one in this room has ever gone to experience, but just to put it out there, remove tracker analytics for non-critical users. Just don't share tracker analytics. You can consider using SQL views, HTML reports, our shiny apps. These things can work much, have much better performance. You can push routinely to separate instances. So, a lot of large scale will have an analytics instance and a data entry instance. Two different databases. Data entry is pushing to analytics continuously, but the traffic that's on the analytics is not affecting the traffic on the data entry. So, you can have 20,000 current users on the data entry, but that's not affecting the folks on the analytics instance. And, yeah, I think that's it. We'll just say while Marcus is setting up, we are making significant performance improvements and you're going to see some really big API changes coming in the near future to improve analytics performance. But, you know, as these systems grow to millions and hundreds of millions of track entities, I think these will still apply. Okay, I know it's kind of intense. Yeah, okay. Thanks. The next section here is going to be even more practical than the last one. No, I was being serious. When things go wrong, there's always a compounding reason for that. And when a server falls down, there's normally many factors that contribute. And analytics, heavy analytics is stealing resources and other setup choices are stealing resources, missing indexes, for example. We often get called in when there's already a crisis. And during the year of COVAX, we have been called in many times. Many of the people are sitting in this room. And when we get called in to help, usually there's already a crisis and there is no other way for us to help than to get eyes on the server. So, we need to have monitoring in place and it needs to be in place before the trouble arise to be able to help you properly. So, please think about monitoring. Right now, I'm going to go into six very, very concrete things we have found during this very interesting and turbulent period. And this is six things you should always consider. This is six factors that we have seen in many servers have a big impact. And you might not be able to implement all six, but you should consider all six. It might not be a good idea to implement all six, but you should consider all six. And ideally, you should do it as early as possible if you're running a large scale tracker. The first one is ID generation. We know that the random ID generation is slow. We have been trying to make it better. We have not succeeded as well as we want. So, we would actually give a general recommendation that you should not use random ID generation, but sequential, because sequential ID generation was also slow about a year ago, but we have improved it a lot. Reiterating the recommendation of staying on 225 or newer and on the latest point person, because this is where we have been making improvements. The next one is the working lists. We know that the default behavior in the old Tracker Capture app is that you load every single enrollment when you open the Tracker Capture app. This magnifying glass shows the description of the default list. And this is not often a very useful list. It's not often that you go to this list and click the person you want to edit, is it? Well, we want you to consider this. There is a first aid thing you can do, and that's simply to turn off the standard working list. You can see here where to do it. It's in the maintenance app. It's called display front page list. If you deselect that, then the users will be met with the search form here. They will not see the list by default. They will have to search. There is a drawback, and this will also disable the working list in Android, so you have to search there as well. So, this has been a little bit of a catch with this solution. Just to draw a parallel to one of the things Scott had on his slides, the turning off the front page list and making a dashboard that contains only text is like maybe two of the simplest things you can do for your server when you have problems, or if you don't need this list, turn it off and make an informational dashboard. That's the two best things you can do, I would say. The next thing is that the standard lists, as mentioned, might not be so useful, and it might be better to make custom lists. So, this is a slide in Norwegian from the Norwegian COVID system. So, I'll help you with some translations, but the first list here was indexes due for follow-up today. That was the first list you were met with, and this was not a very long list, but maybe there's a good chance you can just click a name and go directly into your the record you need to work with. Some other lists they had was notification not sent, my assigned tasks, and the assigned tasks. The next big tip we have for you guys is the DB indexes. When you search, this is one of the heavier operations performed on the tracker system. As long as you use the unique ID, this is fairly quick, and one general recommendation is that if you can, if something should be unique, it is a good idea to check off in the maintenance and say this is a unique field, because then you get a different kind of search that's happening, which is much, much faster than what you get when you search, for example, for a last name, and these last name, first name queries are generally heavy. To combat this, what you should do is to add a B3 indexes to the searched fields, or the commonly searched fields. There is a very good description in the document that will be linked in the documentation page for how to add these B3 indexes, and example as well, and a good guide there. This is a very useful step to take. Another thing that we have seen is that there is a functionality in the tracker that's not that commonly used. In many instances, we see that there is no limit to the number of hits you can find if you search. This is the default, so that's why people leave it at default, I guess, and the users get used to that they can search for something very, very general, and they can find a very long list of 200 people, or they can try again and be more specific, and we want to recommend that you set a limit here so that when you search, you will not get any results if your search is too broad. This is an example of a very, very long search result list, and this is the setting in the maintenance app, maximum number of tracked entry instances to return in search. It defaults to zero, which means you can get as many results as, well, there is no limit to the amount of results, but it's much better to set this to something sensible, like 10. If your search produces more than 10 results, then you should try to add something more, be more specific. You need to set this both at the program and at the tracked entity type level. When there is a limit, and the user does a search that is too broad, you'll get a message like this, too many search results, please refine your criteria. The last thing I will go through is the blessing and the curse of the custom API queries. Sometimes this is exactly what you need to utilize your system in the most efficient way, an external app, a script that does something smart. What we have seen many times though is that these are queries that is not so tested by us. There might be something with them that is a little bit different than what we are doing. You might put a parameter, you might put something different, an extra attribute that we didn't use or test with, and it might produce a very slow query. It's a good idea to write custom jobs and apps, but put extra care into making sure that they are performing. A few things to remember is skip paging. If you use the skip paging parameter in this custom query, that is a red flag. These queries might be very, very heavy. If you include the page count, this looks so innocent, but it actually causes the query to have to count how many records would fit. Instead of just returning the first one, you're actually triggering something very heavy if you add the page count to your API query. Another thing is that when you're making these queries, it's much less costly to use equals. Use equals if you can, like comparison of strings is very heavy. Then again, make sure to monitor your system, because that is the way to see if there is any queries that is taking, many times we come in and we see that there is one query that takes most of the resources, maybe 70%. It's not a query we know, so we need to help tweak it or change it somehow. But we need eyes, we need monitoring, if we're going to see this quickly with you. All right, thanks. So you can see we have only 10 minutes left and two presenters, so just warning them. But also in the sketch description, we've put a link to the community of practice where you can add questions there. I think it's unlikely we're going to do a lot of open questions, there's just not that much time. So go to the sketch description and click on the link. We'll continue to answer your questions after the session as well. Thanks. This is working. Yeah, I'm not used to this. Hello, everyone. I'm going to try to be fast, quick. I hope if you had some coffee or tea after lunch, the caffeine is still there and you're going down. In any case, if it's going down, yes, for you to know that what I'm going to be talking about here is very well documented. We have everything that I'm going to be talking about here with examples, with the theory behind it. So in case your attention is not the best now, at least go back to the documentation. Basically, I'm going to talk about Android, that's what I'm doing here at University of Oslo. And those are the elements that I'm going to quickly go through because we don't have much time. And what I'd like to do is, first of all, set an example. What I'd like to think the application was designed to be able to work offline. This means that Android is going to take all the information that might need, and I think that's the key work might need. Because if you think about it, you might need to work on the field and you have to, we're not in the detailed war, we're in the analogical, we have to take papers, books, everything, we will load our trunk, we go out there on the field, and we want to make sure that we're taking everything we might need because we don't want to go back. So this is what Android is going to be doing. So it's very important you keep this concept because if you don't set your server properly, Android is going to take a lot of information that might not need or might need. And it's not bad for C, but the thing is, if you have a lot of devices and you're making all these requests to the server, you're going to end up overloading the server. That's what I like to keep as an image. So when you try to configure your server, take this into account. And if you're going to use a user that is only going to be working in a specific organization unit, only use that organization unit assigned to this user, the same for programs and datasets. Because if not Android will take everything and your phone will be slow, the connection or the download of this metadata will be slow. And on top of this, you will be overloading the server.  The same happened for auto-generated values. Mark was already explaining the random and why you should be avoiding them. But also it's important to know that because Android works in this way of offline, if you're dealing with dates or with sequential, you might end up having gaps. For example, if you're using dates and I don't want to go too much into theory because it's explained very well in the documentation. But if you, let's say you're using months and now it's today's 20th of June, imagine we are not on 20th, we're on 29th, your values will be expired on the day afterwards. And then you will need to request more to the server.  So you need to have this theory in mind. So when you're sitting, it's very, very bad to be using day of the month. If you're using auto-generated value, it's a bit better using months, but it's even better using years because this will only expire after a year. Again, links to documentation and you can find it in the official documentation. If you were there this morning, Mark explained very briefly the Android settings were up. These are one, some of the things you can do with the Android settings are up, but basically what you can do is set or tweak in case your configuration cannot be very, very specific for user. What you can be doing here is limiting the amount of data that you want its device to download per program or per organization unit. So these are the things you can do. I will not go to them because if not, all of them have to talk about everything. But one of the last points here is while device management, even though it's not strictly related to the performance, it's important for the performance of the devices. So we recommend and we know it's quite expensive to have an ATM while device management, but it gives you the power or the ability to control this among other things. You have a guideline there where we explain a bit more and we set examples. I know there are a couple of implementations that have been using it. Again, it's quite expensive. So might not be ideal for your solution. In case you're going to be using it, you probably need to budget it before material and make sure you have the economical resources. And one of the things, well, you can do is this, but for me, the important one is the version update control. Why? Because we from Oslo are controlling when we publish the new release. So if now we're in 261 and tomorrow we decide to publish 262 and you have not trained your users on the new version, you might end up having users that are not very happy because they don't know why the change of the interface or whatever. In case you cannot adapt the mobile, you cannot get a MDM, what we at least recommend you doing and this is free to do is basically sitting there, the automatic updates of the application we'll have a mouse here. Yeah, here basically. So disable this so at least your users will not be getting automatically the new versions of the Android. I think I went quickly enough. This is the checklist that I tried to cover in five minutes. In any case, there's not going to be time for questions, but tomorrow at 4.30, if I'm not mistaken, we're having a two hours expert launch of Android. I'd be happily taking your questions there, trying to answer them. And I think you have two minutes. Speed. So I'll continue at speed. So we actually left in a few slides here from the COVAX webinar that Mike mentioned, which I'll skip. It's just one thing I wanted to talk a little bit about. We're talking here about tracker performance, but I think it's important to keep in mind our overall information system as well. So what we saw with the COVAX was that it was for many countries, not really possible to keep up with real time data entry of individuals. So then just keeping in mind that you might actually have to have in parallel with your large scale tracker program, at least for a transition period, some way of continuing with the form of aggregate reporting. So that's sort of slightly on the side of this topic, but just important enough to mention I think here as well. So what I wanted to mention briefly was this issue of linking the tracker data to aggregate data, because what we've talked about the dashboard performance, analytics performance, based on your tracker data, and what is heavy there are the program indicators. The reason is that they're doing lots of counting basically of the tracker analytics tables. So even though we have the process where we take the raw data from tracker, transforming it into analytics tables in the database meant to speed up the performance. These program indicator calculations are still heavy operations. At the same time, we can't have a system where users aren't able to see their data. So what can then be a way around this is to take those program indicators, do sort of a one-time export of those. So you do these heavy operations, but you only do it once and you save the results as aggregate data values. So you need then to basically take all your program indicators that you've defined and have a way of mapping them to aggregate data elements, exporting the data and then letting the users build dashboards analytics based on your aggregate data values. So the interoperability team has developed the tool for them doing the export of all of this is using the API. It is possible and many have developed sort of custom solutions for doing this. But now in the last, I guess, few months, we have an official tool for doing this. In the slides you see we have tools for the links for the tool for a blog post sort of describing how this tool is meant to be used. There is a link to the guidance on the tracker to aggregate and there's a link to a session we have on Wednesday specifically on this whole tracker aggregate integration. So if you're interested in this, please come on Wednesday. We actually, this is again, if I haven't changed the title, but everything here still applies. We have this guideline which Mike already pointed to. We also made this small sort of checklist tool which is aligned with the guidance helping you sort of go through and make sure you've actually done all the things that are recommended in the guidance for ensuring good performance. We even set up this email address which will reach a group of people working on this kind of performance issues. We set it up half a year ago. I don't think we've gotten a single email, so I don't think it's widely known. So this is basically because we see a lot of times there are individuals getting WhatsApp messages, Telegram messages, and it's becoming a bit sort of hard to coordinate what the global team is doing to address these issues. That was it. I think we're over time. I don't think we'll have time for questions, but I'll leave it to Mike to finish. Yeah, just thank you and apologies to our presenters who all get stuck together. They have a lot of good information. So corner them throughout the week, ask questions. That's fine. We have posted up the slides in the schedule and you can find the links there to the community of practice where you can also do the questions online. So thanks again for the presenters and thanks for joining us.


Hello, who am I here with today? Nicole Say. And what sport do you play here? I run track. What is something that you learned throughout your four years here playing track? Playing. Ooh, running, sorry. I'm a soccer player. Well, I learned that everything is definitely a mental game, so once you tell yourself that you can't do it, then you really can't. So you got to start being positive, tell yourself you can, and go ahead and do it. And also, what is something you're looking forward to today? I'm looking forward to hopefully winning an award and just being here with my team. I love them so much. I'm so proud and grateful to be with them here today. And I hope you win today, you know? Thank you. I see a bright thing coming for you, man. I guess I won. No, I don't know. Maybe, maybe not. I don't know. We'll see. Only God knows. All right. See ya. Thank you.


Hi everyone, Joe for JasperJasperCaseRakes.com with the last filler, the only filler we had to do to unlock impeccable basketball. That's coming up a little bit later in a different video. First we're going to do the pack break itself. Three different dice rolls here. First we're going to give away eight spots within that pack break itself. Then we'll do the pack break and then we'll randomize your names. Top two names will win spots in the Pistons random number block and the next four will win spots in that thunder group. So big thanks to Jeff and Mark for making this happen. Appreciate it. So here's a chance for some extra spots. Sorry let me reload those right here. It's from a different break. So new dice, new list is the first dice roll. This is for the extra spots. Top eight after seven. One, two, and seven in final time. After seven, Jeffrey, Mark, Mark, Jeff, Jeff, Mark, Mark, Mark. Extra spots for both of you, which may come in handy on the final dice roll. So we'll put those rooftops there just so we can differentiate them from your full spots. Now let's do the break. All basketball teams are in. Now there's 30 names. Let's roll it, randomize it four to two, six times each. One, two, three, four, five, and sixth in final time. Four to two, six times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, and six. NBA Finals, game one about to tip off doing all the pre-game ceremonies here. Here's the first half of the list right there. And the second half of the list right here. Get the nice instrumental national anthem here. I dig that. Let's print this out, rip this up really quick, and then we'll see who gets into the number block. Taco Fall.  Let's gather everybody's names here. Roll it and randomize it three and a three, six times, top six after six. So top two gets into the Pistons group, then the next four again to the Thunder group and that unlocks the impeccable basketball break. We'll see you for that in the next video. Three and a three, six times. One, two, three, four, five, and sixth in final time. So it's either going to be hopefully a good mix of both names. Mark, Jeffrey, Jeffrey, Jeffrey. So these four will be in the Thunder group and the next two will be in the Pistons group, Mark, Jeff. So congrats to the top six. We'll see you for those number block randomizers. And then finally the break, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Bye-bye.


The message of hope that the Gospel brings to me personally is that because Heavenly Father loves me and loves you and all of the wonderful people on this earth that have ever lived, He gave us the opportunity to have eternal life with Him. And with that as the goal, He wanted us to have this experience of being so imperfect that we can rely on His perfect Son Jesus Christ. And we learn more as these mortals fallen in this world of all the challenges and also all the blessings than we ever could if we were still with Him as wonderful as I know that was. I'm so grateful that we get to be here on earth to find Christ in our own lives. And I've been able to do that the most through a very close study of the Book of Mormon. I invite every person watching this to read the Book of Mormon every day for the rest of their lives because it's in those pages that I have felt the love of a perfect Savior. Someone who wants even more than I do to see me stand with His Father and my Father.