You mentioned the industry and there's lots of changes now in the translation industry in general. I know you're following them very closely as an expert and as a person very interested in the use of technology in translation and in audiovisual translation especially. So we've been seeing in the recent years lots of language technologies being used in audiovisual translation such as machine translation and new features in self-diting software the use of translation memories and so on. We're now seeing there is a large language models being introduced by big companies that will surely also be at some point used in many different ways by companies in the industry. They are surely already working on using these in their workflows. How all these advancements in technology affects the need for certification in subtitling. I love technologies and the reason why I do is because I see their application in my daily life because they make my life easier. I use automatic speech recognition on a daily basis. It's so advanced that I rarely type myself. I dictate mostly everything and I would like to see a subtitling editor that gives me this kind of freedom this level of intimacy with a machine. Let's clarify some concepts first. So I think that there's been a lot of discussions about machine translation being a problem. I don't think it's a problem in itself. Nor is artificial intelligence. The problem is what you do with them. The ethics attached to it. If a company decides that from tomorrow my subtitles will only operate with AI tools I am imposing a model. And maybe as an LSP I'm not even qualified to know if it's efficient for my workflow or not. And maybe I will regret my decision because I will be criticized for the awful quality that I produce. I think the professionals need to be trained and trusted. Meaning that if I as a company if I trust my subtitles to be able to use AI tools and they use it when it's appropriate. I believe that that's when we will see a kind of change. The real shift from subtitles to augmented subtitles. Shall we call them like this? Because professional one resists the change as it's happening now but in the professional world the profession itself will evolve nicely. However LSPs cannot use this as an excuse to lower rate. It's not ethical and it doesn't work. Back to your question I think that a certification will serve this purpose to progressively acknowledge this technological innovations include them in newer versions of the certification making sure that an augmented subtitler is the one that aside from all those skills we talked about is also aware and can master this new technologies as well.


Hey, guys and girls, welcome back to theCUBE. We're live at Dell Technologies World 2023 from Mandalay Bay in warm Las Vegas. Lisa Martin, Dave Vellante here. We're going to be talking about some cool stuff next, pun intended. David Hardy joins us, PowerEdge product manager, responsible for power and cooling solutions at Dell Technologies. And Brandon Peterson is here as well, SPP, a product at cool IT systems. Guys, welcome to the program. Thank you. Hi, thank you. Brandon, talk to us, give the audience an understanding of cool IT systems. I know you date back to 2001 and the catalyst to start the business had to do with the gaming industry, but give us the context there and how the company has evolved since then. Absolutely, so cool IT's been around for over 20 years, as you said. We were founded in a garage in Calgary, Canada. The company's grown quite a bit since then. We got our start in desktop liquid cooling and when the industry started to heat up the data center industry, we started to transition our technology over to use for more commercial application in data center servers. And so we've been focused on that. We've been partnered with Dell to develop and validate liquid cooling servers direct from their factory. So you started in desktop? We did, yeah. So we have desktop liquid coolers that we still design and manufacture in ship today as well. You got to explain that. So the desktop was what, running like super computers on the desk? For gamers and so they'll have a small radiator and a small pump inside of their desktop computers and we adapted our technology for use in those as well. The gamers always want to overclock, they want to run it as hot as possible, break all the rules. Yeah, my kid's a gamer. Every time I go into his room, it's like so hot. I get it. They'll talk to me after we'll get him one of those devices. There you go. Cool. Doug, talk a little bit, sorry, David, from your perspective, a little bit about the partnership and what you guys are doing together. We've talked so much at this show about generative AI, power issues, challenges, efficiencies, opportunities, but talk to us about why Dell is partnering with Cool IT Systems and what's the value in it for you? Sure, and there's a very clear reason why we decided to partner with Cool IT. Back in the mid-2010s, we saw where this was going, processing power was really going to continue to increase, get hotter and hotter. The need to do enhanced cooling made us investigate a lot of different technologies. Direct liquid was one that we figured out was going to have the highest performance, best longevity. Cool IT as the leader in this space was a natural for Dell to partner with leader, partnering with leader, being kind of best of breed for the combined solution. So what, I mean, I've been around a while, so I remember looking at IBM mainframes before they went to CMOS. It was like it made a coupled logic and they were hot and it was all liquid cool. You couldn't cool those things with a fan. You couldn't do it with ambient air, hot aisle, cold aisle, all that stuff. So what's the state of liquid cooling today? What's the substance you're using? What are the, is it chemicals? Is it, you know, how should we think about that? Do you want to take that one? So the state of liquid cooling today, there's a number of different technologies on the market. We separate those into direct liquid cooling, which will have what we call single phase, which was one of the technologies Cool IT offers and two phase, which just basically means the fluid's boiling off. Those same two options exist in another version of liquid cooling, which is immersion cooling. So there's a dielectric fluid where the servers are dunked right in those tanks and it may stay as a liquid or it may boil off. So single phase or two phase. And then there's also indirect liquid cooling. So rear door heat exchangers or in-road coolers, we're actually putting water closer to the racks just not into the IT equipment like you are with whole plates. So we offer both direct liquid cooling, single phase and rear door heat exchangers that work integrated with the rest of the system. And what are the advantages of those relative to some of those alternatives? Why did you choose those? Yeah, so there's two main thermal challenges that we see in servers and in data centers. One of those is the local cooling problem at the chip level. So direct liquid cooling gets cooling right to the chip. It targets the hottest spot on the processors to take that heat away. The other challenge is more at the rack level or the data center level. And some of those technologies will deal with one or the other. Direct liquid cooling can deal with both. Rear door heat exchangers help at the rack level or the data center level, but don't get cooling quite to that chip. So DLC is more versatile, if I understand that, is that correct? Very versatile, yeah. And what are the economics like in terms of the different approaches? Yeah, so when we look at different deployments across the world, we would look at an ROI somewhere between six months to two years, depending on power costs. If you can offset some of your infrastructure costs, some of your cooling equipment at the building level, you may not have to invest as much up front for chillers and pumps and fans and HVAC systems. And then you're obviously having an energy savings. You're not running the server fans as hard and you don't have to run your chillers. You don't have to run your HVAC systems. So DLC is more expensive, but you get the payback faster. Is that correct or not necessarily? It is a cost adder that has a strong ROI. Right, okay. And so you presumably know a lot about this, right? And you consult with customers as to help them make the business case, how they're going to get offset some of those costs, whether they're replacing chillers, maybe lower capacity, or maybe just getting better efficiency out of them. Is that right, David? Yeah, by and large, but all customers are unique. So they've always got a particular use case that we help them solve for. Not, it doesn't do a lot of good to throw general TCO numbers to customers that have use cases where they bring us in to not just sell them servers, but help with your entire environment. So when customers are focusing on performance, which directly cooling is uniquely situated to provide support for the top-end CPUs and GPUs, it may not be necessarily an efficiency game. It may not be a when do I get my payback, my cost break even. I don't want to go faster and not blow up. Others have more of a nuanced position. They're like, we're willing to take on this added investment with a little bit of complexity because it gives us higher performance, but we're paying attention to that payback and we're going to monitor what our cost savings are because we not only are delivering performance for different functional groups in our company, but they're answering to the C-suites who are now asking about sustainability metrics. How is this reducing our carbon footprint? Things of that nature. So even some of the complexities within DLC, the benefits, it sounds like far outweigh some of the complexity that's still there. I mean, that's the beauty of liquid cooling, to be honest. I'll start by saying we help our customers make the transition when it makes sense to them. That's a big part of being a trusted advisor, not just selling something. But when they're ready to accept it, it not only is higher performance, but it's so much more efficient at capturing heat that it's one of those, you know, it's a win-win, basically. It enables higher performance, enables greater efficiency, reduces the power burden, it's just a great solution. Who are your customers? I mean, I don't necessarily mean if you can name a particular person. I'll answer from the Dell perspective and Branick can answer from the broader perspective, but for us it's been high performance users, be it in financial companies, electronic design companies, national labs, things of that nature, but they've been really the heat seekers, trying to maximize compute per rack. Right. And yeah, we have a similar perspective, so we've seen government research supercomputers be more of a traditional use case for direct liquid cooling, but the transition that we've seen in partnership with Dell the last few years is a transition to more enterprise applications like telco, financial, medical applications and so on. Do the other co-lows involved in the sort of decision process, or are they more sort of, you could put whatever you want in our systems? That's a great question. And again, I'll answer from the Dell perspective. We have a, obviously a lot of our customers have gear in co-lows. Co-location providers, they have a lot of smart people on their staff that are behind the scenes, so they know what's going on. They see this as a need that maybe isn't quite ready for prime time, and so they're not proactively rolling it out, but they've studied this and they know exactly what it's going to take to stand it up on their floor because they know they're going to have to in the next couple of years. Yeah. And by way of doing lots of deployments, we've been in a lot of co-location environments and there are the same questions up front in any data centers. Just help us through the process. How do we do this right? And we are able to walk them through that and with Dell have deployed in multiple co-locations. I love walking through data centers these days. It's just amazing, isn't it?  And so you, I think I'm inferring, you're going to see more and more liquid cooling in these co-lows over time. Well, one of the things about using liquid cooling in a co-lo that you'd especially like is that because it requires less air movement and the fans are spinning more slowly, it's so much quieter than a traditional data center, especially running high performance gear where those fans can be really screaming loudly. David, can you comment on, you talked about a number of industries that are being impacted here positively. We talked yesterday with JJ Davis. We talked a lot about ESG and sustainability. We talk about, and one of the things that she mentioned an interesting stat was that 95% of RFPs coming in have a sustainability or an ESG requirement that customers need to work with companies like Dell and cool IT systems who are going to help these customers achieve their sustainability goals. Talk about DLC as a facilitator of that for your customers. Sure, sure. So one of the attributes of direct liquid cooling as we've deployed it is the heat exchange is a coolant capturing the heat out of the IT, exchanging the heat to another liquid loop. What you are able to do with the solutions as designed by cool IT is use a very warm, a high temperature for heat capture and transfer. What that allows you to do is eliminate running chillers which consume a lot of power overhead. It in some cases allows you to eliminate even evaporative coolers which in certain environments like say in Las Vegas, evaporative coolers can be very energy efficient but they consume a lot of water. Place like Las Vegas where water scares, you want to try to do something and really the most efficient is to do basically a dry heat transfer that you can only do if your solution relies on warm water heat exchange and Brandon I don't know if you want to add anything to that. No that's perfect and we've seen that for many years out of Europe, the RFPs with requirements for efficiency and we've seen customers successfully respond to those because of direct liquid cooling and being able to reduce the energy used to cool those data centers. What's the broad trend? I don't know if you can answer this but what's the broad trend thinking across the whole landscape in PUE? Is it trending toward one or is it going in the other direction? Well, we know things that are definitely trending. Power per components continuing to go up. Power per rack use space is continuing to go up. So because liquid is a more effective means of heat capture it's going to be capturing to liquid. The question is exactly how is that going to be deployed? We're using it a certain way right now. I'm sure that's going to evolve but exactly what that ends up looking like in five years it's going to be different but we can't exactly predict. We're jointly we're on standards bodies for the industry to help push things in certain directions that we feel strongly about but what the exact implementations are going to be, yeah you can't really say yet. But if I were to, I don't know somebody must do this there must be some data center research company that does it but if I were to take broadly the average PUE across all sites I'm inferring that it's trending in the wrong direction and that's a good thing for you guys because it's got to be at least stabilized or reversed and the only way you're going to do that is with liquid cooling. Is that a fair assumption? Well I would say a fair assumption is definitely that rack densities are increasing that to David's point the chip heat is going up and on top of that the temperature you have to hold those chips at is actually coming down so they're hotter and you actually have to keep them at a cooler temperature and so some of those traditional technologies are just not going to be able to keep up with that. I think that watching a metric like PUE helps and I think if you're measuring something you're going to look to improve it over time so we hope to help bring that PUE down and I think as more data centers choose efficient cooling technologies we'll hopefully see that number come. I mean are people actively measuring that or is this just sort of something that is a fun metric to throw around? Oh they're measuring. Yeah okay so they're still serious about it. I mean last time I was involved in this space that was the holy grail right? I mean in search for PUE at one. Yeah so PUE has some limitations as a lone metric to measure data center efficiency so people are using that in combination with how water usage effectiveness or utilization effectiveness. There's other metrics that are trying to combine the different pieces there are more holistic efficiency metric. It's a little bit like talking about sustainability in a broad sense where it's not just the materials you make your system of or your cycling plans it's what's the source of the energy that's going to power that system or the life of the system. It's the same thing we're having to look or we're helping customers look more holistically from the server to the rack to the entire data center to try to maximize the efficiency there. Is what happens to the liquid? Is it sort of sustainable, it maybe evaporates, you've got to replenish it? Well it's closed loop. Yeah so it's closed loop period of the end right? So we circulate a water mixture with profiling glycol to the IT rack that's a closed loop and that fluid that's maintained properly will last over 10 years and it's pretty environmentally friendly relative to some of the other fluids. I think the big thing in the industry this year that everyone was watching was the PFAS fluids and how those would be banned eventually and we've seen a lot of the two phase vendors have to move away from certain fluids that were not environmentally friendly. With us it's just a mixture of water and it can be disposed of for local standards very easily. What's the maintenance protocol? What's the best practice? Do you have to inject certain other fluids to keep it clean? Yeah so we check in on the systems every six months. We'll take a sample of the fluid and we'll analyze that and make sure everything's within acceptable limits. If it's not we send out a chemical adjustment package that gets added into the system and everything's running happily and normally after that. Just put a little tang in and stir it up. You're good. Exactly. David first to you and then Brandon as in our final minute here talk to us about the maturation of the partnership between Dell and cool IT systems and some of the things if you could kind of peek into a little roadmap that the audience might be getting to have their hands on any time soon. Well that's a sneaky question. You're trying to make us devolve secrets here. I have my ways. But I'm actually going to say something that may sound a little boring but our customers have historically been really high performance, kind of the exciting big projects. We're working on making this more consumable for the mainstream enterprise customer. We want to make it pretty boring. We want them to be able to order it, know that it's going to show up like a traditional Dell server with pro support wrapped around it. Have it feel like a mainstream transaction and have the management of that server in their environment feel like all of their other air cool gear. That's our goal, very, very boring. And I'll be a little bit boring as well. I'll be backwards looking. So we've been working with Dell for a very long time and we launched product all the way back to 14G. We've been expanding upon that effort ever since. So we work very closely with Dell. We're developing validating liquid cooled servers that their customers can trust and can be deployed to your pro deploy and pro support. Trust it, make it more consumable. Guys, thank you so much for joining David and me on the program really giving us the lowdown on DLC, the opportunities and benefits for customers. We really appreciate your time. Thank you. Thank you very much. For our guests and for Dave Vellante, I'm Lisa Martin. Up next, two CUBE alum join us, Doug Schmidt and Satish Iyer. They're going to talk about how customer priorities for services are changing and the five ways in which Dell is responding. You won't want to miss.


Guys hi, it's David here again, and this video is about Maybe the biggest question of them all What does it mean to be happy and? I'm gonna ask a question and The question is this do you want to be happy? Because I'm gonna talk about six Reasons why I think you don't want to be happy, okay? I'm gonna talk about six reasons why you don't want to be happy everybody I meet Says they want to be happy right we all think we want to be happy, but I'm gonna talk about you know is that true Is that actually true? Ask yourself that question. Do you want to be happy? Do you want to be happy now the stuff I'm gonna talk about a lot of it is in All sorts of spiritual paths of course in miracles Loads and loads of different paths talk about these principles, and I'm gonna sum them up in the six here now the first reason Why I'm Opposite this way I'm gonna tell you the secret to happiness at the end of this video right and My prediction is that almost everybody that watches this video Will have forgotten The answer within a couple of minutes of having finished this video I'm gonna give you the answer, and I'm not kidding about that. I'm actually gonna give you the answer to be happy You can be happy right now if you accept what I say at the end of this video But my prediction is that you want you want want to hear what I have to say, okay? The first reason you want You want it won't register with you you won't hear it or you won't accept it Is that when I say what I'm going to say next you'll get very defensive, right and what I'm going to say is Right now you and I'm talking to you personally you're you're very unhappy in your life you're very unhappy and That's not an easy thing for people to hear it's not an easy thing to accept right and when I say that to people right and That's an assumption, but it's an assumption. It's a very it's an educated assumption because Almost everybody in this world is unhappy Right almost everybody, and I'm talking 99.9 percent So when I say that to them they'll say No, what do you mean? I'm not unhappy. I'm not depressed. I'm not upset Okay, and they'll say you know I've got a good job. I've got a nice family I Get on well with people and they'll say all these things right But do you ever get upset? Are you ever lonely? Do you ever crave things that you don't have in your life? Are you searching for something? Is there a void inside? You ever feel guilty? It's a general feeling of emptiness that people have and And Do you ever get upset? I'm talking about if you ever get upset That tells me that you're not happy right now. That's a deep teaching there And I'll talk about that in a few later videos, but if you were ever Get upset That's a sign that you're not happy Right. That's the first reason right people get defensive about the reality They're in denial about the fact that yes, you know what I am not happy So first of all you have to accept the fact that I'm not happy where I am and That's your decision. You can make that the same for yourself. Okay, so it's the first one the second one is that When I tell you the secret to happiness You're already thinking to yourself. This is utterly impossible.  He's full of it now Let me tell you I'm not full of it, right and I'm deadly serious about this Very earnest in what I'm going to tell you, but you'll think it's impossible think about this Like there is not one psychologist or one psychotherapist out there in the world that thinks That it's normal to live a life without any upset or any unhappiness We've accepted the idea that to be unhappy in the world is normal and the way it should be Okay, so there's this belief out there that to be happy is an impossible dream Right and I'm gonna tell you it's not You can be fully happy all the time It is possible, right, so Is that a belief that you want to give up that it is impossible and to accept the fact that yes It's very very possible and people have achieved it people have done it Now the third one is very difficult to accept And it's this the reason that you want to accept what I'm I'm gonna say at the end is that Not only are you miserable in your life?  Well? What if I asked you to give up something for happiness?  What if I was to make a bargain with you right now and say You need to give up that right now, and I will give you perfect happiness right Give up that person you're in the relationship with the amazing person in your life You have to just never see them ever again. Let them go put it on the other hand. I will give you complete joy all the time a Lot of people would say no way not doing it, right? So they value something more than happiness, right? What if I said to you you have to give up your reputation? You give up your reputation and you will be blissfully happy happy for the rest of your life Would you be willing to have your name solid? Okay, your reputation tarnished Well, if I said forget making 50,000 Euros a year or dollars forget making 100,000 I'll give you 10,000 here, and I can guarantee you you'll be happy Really happy. Would you do it? Can you live without the car or the lifestyle that you're chasing? Most people wouldn't most people They think that these things that that bring them happiness in in their lives are Are amazing that they think they're there the things that make their lives worth living But what if those things that you're actually holding on to are? Like a ball and chain. They're actually the things that are keeping you from happiness So the next one I'm going to talk about the fourth reason you won't want to listen to this is That you're currently a thrill-seeker You are you're you're seeking thrills rather than actual happiness So what do I mean by that? To be happy is to be at peace All the time Okay, never get upset about anything and never get overly invested or excited about anything So what most of us do is we seek the thrill and then of course we have the crash Okay, so we were after this cycle now We were only after the point to the the top point the crest of the wave But that would break and eventually we realized that you know, we're on a we're on a roller coaster here Whereas the the path of happiness is just like that all the way through constant now Something that people don't understand about that is that this level Actually starts to ascend and goes up and up and up higher and higher and higher But we think that well, yeah, but I can get that thing now that really cool thing that's going to give me all the excitement and We're addicted to thrill-seeking and we want to give that up because it's it's here now. We can actually Forsee that happening. It's it's like a possibility to us the idea of being happy or being at peace seems like a pipe drink so Are you willing to give up the thrill-seeking? Because seeking things in the world that you think are going to make you happy So that's the fourth one the fifth reason is Most people Suffer a lot in the world or they have suffered and they've suffered in trying to get whatever it is in life that they want Right, and they have setbacks and they have highs and lows and if someone was to come along and say yeah All that suffering was completely pointless And you didn't need to go through any of that to be happy at all. It was a complete waste of time How would you respond it would mean all your suffering was completely for nothing didn't mean a thing You didn't get any brownie points from it, you know, you weren't working off karma. It's just It was a waste of time So you would have to let go of all that stuff that story about all the hero's journey and I struggled through this and I Overcame everything. It's pointless You don't have to do that Okay, so that's number five And the last reason is What I'm going to tell you next number six is a difficult one because It means that when I tell you the secret It means that you have to take full Responsibility for your happiness and not only your own happiness but your Your your happiness, right?  It means that a stop.  Are you willing to let those go? And that's the sixth reason so Here is that brings me nicely to the secret. This is the formula for happiness Okay, and it's so simple the formula for happiness is That you stop actively Engaging in the process of making yourself unhappy and then you'll be happy You stop actively engaging in the process of making yourself unhappy and Then you'll be happy Okay, so it all comes down to you Happiness is not something that you attain Happiness is something that shows up when you stop actively making yourself unhappy With all these crazy ideas we've picked up Through the ears all the programming we have about what it means to be happy none of it is true None of it you don't need someone else to complete you Don't need a great job You don't need to be poor Right, there's no there's no nobility in poverty. There is no There's nothing to do. There's nothing to achieve. There's nowhere to go. There's no one to see. There's no one to talk to There's no guru right It's just you stop putting all these demands in front of The piece that you want the piece that is there and it's free Anybody can have this You know a poor person working in Bangladesh Can be happy right and a CEO and an investment bank, you know Can be happy It doesn't matter. It's just What do you value? Do you value happiness if you value it? It's yours just for the asking So can you remember some people are probably forgetting already? How do you become happy? You stop engaging in the process of active actively making yourself unhappy So your job is not to become happy. Okay your job is to look at all the blocks that you have put in the way of your happiness and Start dropping them so that's the video and That is how you attain happiness and now you've got some work to do now. You've got to start looking at those beliefs and Start putting them under the microscope a little bit. Okay, and start bringing them to that higher Self that everybody has that peaceful part that is in everybody's mind That is there if you call on it and it will help you look at these beliefs And it will help you see this is this isn't good. It isn't bad. These beliefs aren't good or bad.  Why? You don't need to do any of that so bear that in mind guys and I will talk to you soon


Ladies and gentlemen, the President of the United States. Ladies and gentlemen, I think we have demonstrated to the President that we'd like to stand up and applaud him for at least 20 minutes. But he, in the interest of time and because of his busy schedule, let us now sit down. Mr. President, it's my... Mr. President, you're going to be introduced today by Rabbi Milton Balcony. And it's not because... We rejoice and praise the Almighty for the recovery and homecoming of the First Lady. With a deep sense of humility, respect and admiration, I present to you the President of the United States. Well, thank you all and thank you, Senator Boschowitz, Ambassador Gavin, Rabbi Balcony, members and guests of the Inner Circle. It's an honor for me to be here to thank personally each and every one of you for the support you're providing the Republican Party. One of my Republican predecessors, Rutherford B. Hayes, once said, He serves his party best, who serves the country best. Well, today that remains true. And I might add that by supporting our party, you are also supporting our country. And I'd like to express my special appreciation to an individual who has indeed served his party and country so ably, Ambassador John Gavin. You all may be aware that a number of years ago, John and I were in the same profession. I might add how great it is to see so many here from the film business. John Gavin and I share the distinction of having represented our fellow actors as presidents of the Screen Actors Guild. I know John went through some of the same travails I did as head of the Union. And then he went on to be one of the best ambassadors this country ever sent to Mexico. You know, as governor of California, I visited Mexico on several occasions. One in particular, I'd been asked to represent the President of the United States there. And I got up and made my speech to the assembled gathering and then sat down to very scattered and somewhat unenthusiastic applause. I was embarrassed, particularly so when the next man up was being interrupted about every second line with the warmest applause. And I, to hide my embarrassment, decided I would clap louder and longer than anyone else. Pretty soon our ambassador leaned over to me and said, I wouldn't do that if I were you. He's interpreting your speech. You know, today our greatest challenge is to make certain that we're being understood by the American people. The current ups and downs in the stock market make this task even more imperative. The 1980 election was a watershed for our country. Instead of minor corrections, the people opted for fundamental change. And the liberal idea of more and more government worked as advertised if it had the American people would not have turned to us. But it wasn't working. Murderous inflation, economic decline, sky-high interest rates, and a heavier and heavier tax burden drove the American people into our camp. And as a team, I think every one of us can be proud of what has been accomplished. In short, we came through for the American people. And when I say we, I'm including all of you and all of our party. Inflation, which was public enemy number one in 1980, robbing from the savings of the elderly and destabilizing the entire economic environment, has been put in a cage. Interest rates exceeded 20 percent in 1980. Today the prime rate is in the single digits. And although there is some fluctuation, there is every reason for confidence that it will remain at a reasonable level. Industries, which were struggling for survival in 1980, have been modernized, infused with capital and confidence, and are now aggressively competing in the marketplace. I've visited a number of companies over the last year, and the turnaround from the pessimism and defeatism of the 70s is something short of astounding. Whether I went to the Harley Davidson plant in Pennsylvania, Dictaphone plant in Florida, or a Somerset Technologies plant in New Jersey, I saw a new spirit and a new confidence from the production line to the boardroom. And all of this is reflected in the statistics. Productivity is up, real family income is up, and more Americans are employed than at any other time on record. I don't know whether any of you know, I had to find out, I had to find out that the potential employment pool of America is considered to be everyone from 16 years of age, male and female, up all the way, including all the retired people. And today almost 63 percent of that pool is employed as a job in this country. Our policies ushered the United States into the longest period of peacetime growth on record. The entrepreneurial spirit has been reactivated, and our economy has been reinvigorated from the bottom up. Almost every indicator suggests that the economy is fundamentally strong. Now perhaps this is why it's so difficult to explain why the stock market is acted as it has in recent weeks. There's much discussion on this issue. But let us note that over the last few months, there has been a growing anxiety on Wall Street. I think one of the most effective ways to restore the confidence of America's investors, large and small, is for the GOP to regain control of the United States Senate in 1988. Our Senate majority in the first six years of our administration played an essential role in putting America's economic house back in order. Together we laid the foundation for good times. We were a team the American people could count on. Losing control of the Senate has created an impasse between the legislative and executive branch and sent a warning signal that has obviously been heard on Wall Street. What is plaguing the stock market is a very real sense of uncertainty. Powerful forces dedicated to protectionism, high taxes and profligate spending gained enormous leverage when we lost control of the United States Senate. The professionals in the financial world know how to read the political tea leaves, and they fully appreciate how devastating protectionism or a return to the failed policies of the past would be to our economy. That's why our job in the months ahead is so vital. From my part, you can count on me to head off any legislation that would knock the wind out of our economic growth. To make that specific, I've got my veto pen loaded and no anti-prosperity legislation is going to leave the Oval Office alive. I told a gathering earlier this year that all of this talk about me being a lame duck is for the birds. Sure, I'll admit, I limp a little bit, but that's because back there in show business days, in a charity baseball game between the leading men and the comedians, the comedian at first base tripped me when I was running out of bunt and broke my leg in six places. That's the only limp I've got from doing a good deed. But the second half of the solution is up to all of us, and your presence here indicates that as inner-circle members, you're ready to do your part. It's up to us to put forth the maximum effort, not only to place a Republican in the White House, but to make certain that he has a Congress that will work with him instead of against him. Since World War II, all the Republican presidents in these more than 50 years have had Democratic majorities in both houses of the Congress except for one two-year term when Ike Eisenhower had a Republican Congress just for the two of his eight years and for the six years that I had a Republican Senate, although a Democratic House, the rest of the time. In all those that half-century or more, it has been Democrats controlling both houses of the Congress. And of course, it was all right with them that the Democratic presidents, they all had Democratic Congresses too, just as we did, except for one two-year period when Harry Truman had a Republican Congress. Well, we've got a good start on the opposition. Any one of our candidates for president is head and shoulders above the crown that's vying for the other party's nomination. They're just in a totally different league, and it's going to be like putting up Beaver Cleaver against Sergeant Slaughter. Let's remember we need only five seats to regain control of the Senate, and here too, we're off to a good start. We're attracting top-notch candidates, just to name three, Pete Dawkins of New Jersey, Connie Mack of Florida, and Jim Jeffords of Vermont. Let me just make this pledge. I may not be a candidate myself in 1988, but I'm not sitting this one out. I'll be campaigning the width and breadth of this country and making certain that our team wins the day. Now, you know, I was going to say at this point, and I know the answer already. I was going to say I've got one question. I know the answer. Are you with me? We've got a record of success and agenda of prosperity and freedom, and believe me, we won't be treading water over the next 15 months.  Serious challenges remain as do opportunities for accomplishment. The political maneuvering in Central America, for example, is now fast and furious. We're doing our best to see that the current peace program is successful in ending the bloodshed and democratizing the region, and we won't be satisfied with phony reform, and I can assure you, we will not sell out those who are fighting and struggling for freedom down there. We'll be tough and realistic in our pursuit of peace because that's the only way that lasting progress is achieved. That same principle guides our negotiations with the Soviet Union, and here again, by holding firm earlier, great strides have been made. Those who marched for a nuclear freeze would have left Europe dominated by Soviet Intermediate Range Missiles. We stood our ground, and today there's been impressive progress toward achieving a proposal that I made six years ago, an agreement for the elimination of a whole class of U.S. and Soviet Intermediate Range Missiles, the zero option. Now, it would be the first mutual reduction of our two countries' nuclear arsenals in history. And today, with our economy reinvigorated and our defenses rebuilt, we're proving wrong those pessimists who less than a decade ago suggested America's best days were passed and that we were a nation in decline. We're proving our strength and leadership. In the Persian Gulf, we have demonstrated our strength and reliability to friends and adversaries alike. In short, we are no longer projecting weakness. We're going about our heavy responsibility as leader of the free world, and we aren't complaining. And we Americans do carry a special burden. Teddy Roosevelt put it well. He said, For the world has set its face hopefully toward our democracy. And oh, my fellow citizens, each one of you carries on your shoulders not only the burden of doing well for the sake of your own country, but the burden of doing well and of seeing that this nation does well for the sake of mankind. I'd just like to take a minute here and share with you a couple of letters that I have only recently received, but they really touched my heart and I'm sure they will yours. One of them was an eminent scholar who was on his way to the Soviet Union. And in the cab going to the airport here in this country, he had a young fellow driving the cab and he engaged him in conversation and found out that he was in college and he was studying, driving cab on the side. And he then asked him, he said, Well, what do you plan to do when you finish your education? And the young fellow said, Well, I haven't decided yet. Then he got to the Soviet Union and he got a young cab driver there by coincidence. And on the way in, being fluent in Russian, he addressed him in Russian and turned out this young fellow was still getting his education and driving a cab. And he asked him the same question. He said, What do you plan to do when your education is finished? The young fellow said, They haven't told me yet. And the other one, and I'm sure it'll make you as proud as it made me. This gentleman wrote a letter and he got a little philosophical in the letter and he said, You know, you can go to France to live, but you can't become a Frenchman. You can go to Greece, but you can't become a Greek. You can go to live in Japan. You cannot become Japanese. And he went on for several countries of this kind. But he said anyone from any corner of the world can come to the United States and become an American. I'm confident that just like the Americans who came before us, we'll meet the challenge. And now as we get ready and going into the campaigns, just one last admonition. We gave it birth in California in 1966. Let us in this campaign, while the primaries are on and members of our party are competing with each other to see who will get the nomination, let us all observe the 11th commandment. Thou shalt not speak ill of a fellow Republican. And you and I know we don't have to. The Democrats will give us plenty of ammunition. Well, all right. Thank you all for what you're doing. And God bless you all. Thank you. All join me please in God bless America. God bless America. Bless and beside. Thank you, Mr. President.


Hello everyone, welcome to today's lecture. What we discussed last time was introduction of ruthenium tetroxide as a aggressive oxidizing agent for the conversion of alcohols to the corresponding acids, cleavage of the CC bond to the corresponding di aldehyde or di ketone or di carboxylic acids depending on the condition. Also we saw that the olefins can be converted to the corresponding epoxide if one uses a nitrogen ligand and we have also seen that how catalytic amount of ruthenium reagent such as ruthenium dioxide or ruthenium trichloride is used in conjunction with a cooxidant such as sodium metapariodate for preparing the ruthenium tetroxide in the reaction medium and thus only catalytic amount of the ruthenium salts can be utilized for this CC bond cleavage. Now towards the end of the last class that we saw that ethers or cyclic ethers or cyclic ethers can be converted to the corresponding esters or lactones and that was mainly because as we had discussed earlier that since the ruthenium tetroxide is a very strong oxidizing agent it is a very aggressive oxidizing agent it reacts with solvents such as ethers or pyridine or even benzene that was the reason why the oxidation of the acyclic ethers to the esters or cyclic ethers to the lactones took place. We now will see in today's class the mechanism of how does that oxidation occur. For example, we can start with the cyclic ether such as tetrahedrofuran. This tetrahedrofuran then reacts with the ruthenium tetroxide and forms a species of this kind where there is a positive charge on the oxygen and of course there is a negatively charged ruthenium species which is attached to the oxygen. Now what can happen is this negatively charged part of the ruthenium species is able to take the proton from here and then in the process it breaks this in this fashion to form an oxonium ion and another ruthenium species of this type. Now this ruthenium species can go and react with the oxonium ion at the carbon which is electrophilic to form this species and this species then undergoes oxidation to form this type of lactone and a ruthenium species. This ruthenium species loses water to form ruthenium dioxide. So ruthenium tetroxide has got converted to ruthenium dioxide and in the process ether which is tetrahedrofuran has got converted to the corresponding lactone. This is how the reaction occurs and it is a very useful reaction as we had seen different types of examples I can show once again. Those examples are here for example you have this substrate of this kind going to the corresponding lactone and of this type to the corresponding lactone. Therefore, this is a very useful conversion of ethers to the corresponding oxidized esters or lactones depending on whether it is a cyclic or cyclic ether. Now there is a modification of the ruthenium tetroxide. We saw in many cases that the aldehyde is oxidized to the corresponding acid. That means if you allow a primary alcohol to react with the ruthenium tetroxide it forms the corresponding acid and I had already discussed the mechanism of the formation of the acid from aldehyde using ruthenium tetroxide. But many a times when such conversions are required to be stopped at the aldehyde stage then there is a problem and this becomes more important when say you carry out oxidative cleavage of a cyclic olefin or even an acyclic olefin but with substrates which can give the corresponding aldehyde but then these aldehydes are oxidized to the corresponding acid. So basically what it means that we need to develop protocols which can allow the reaction to be stopped at the aldehyde stage because as I showed one example that C-C bond cleavage does not occur with reagents such as ozone or K-monophore such reagents then ruthenium tetroxide becomes a better oxidizing agent to cleave that.  Keeping these kinds of requirements in mind, Steve Lay in 1994 reported introduction of reagent which is tetra n-propyl ammonium perrothenate which is also popularly called as TPAP. In this reagent system the good point is that it is having a large counter cation here and that is useful because it can allow the solvent to be used which are normal organic solvents. In this reagent system a co-oxidant which is also soluble in organic solvents can be used and mostly it is the NMO that is N-methylmorpholine oxide. This is N-methylmorpholine oxide but also one can use sodium hypochloride or oxygen as a co-oxidant. It is obviously very selective reagent and mild reagent compared to ruthenium tetroxide because of the large counter ion that is present at the same time it is a negatively charged ruthenium perrothenate species and therefore it is having less reactivity compared to the ruthenium tetroxide. So using this the alcohols can be converted to the corresponding aldehydes with no over oxidation or no reaction with multiple bonds. In this case it was found that if molecular sieves are used which are nothing but aluminum silicates as they absorb water to remove water high turnover of the catalyst is possible. Now of course with the same reagent system there are conditions under which primary alcohols can be converted to the corresponding carboxylic acids but then that is not so much really required but if one wants to see this is the reference that you can check it. Now with what is the mechanism of the TPAP based oxidation it is very similar to the ruthenium tetroxide based oxidation but here I have shown that the TPAP which is present here has this counter cation which is large tetra n-propyl ammonium salt ammonium species that reacts with the alcohol to form this kind of species where the lone pair of electron on the alcohol reacts with the ruthenium with the movement of the electron density onto the oxygen forming this intermediate and this intermediate then can take up the proton allows the oxidation to take place in this fashion and one can generate the corresponding ketone and the ruthenium species which is low valent compared to the starting ruthenium which is ruthenium 7 the ruthenium 7 goes to ruthenium 5 here 5 and this is then reoxidized with n-methyl morpholine n-oxide to the TPAP and one loses the corresponding n-methyl morpholine as a byproduct from the n-methyl morpholine oxide. So this is the mechanism which is proposed for the oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding ketones obviously this does not react further with the aldehydes to form the acid. So examples are here this kind of alcohol having a double bond is converted to the corresponding aldehyde with 85% yield this kind of substrate having an epoxy alcohol and two double bonds and of course the phenyl rings here which can be oxidized and this substrate when it was reacted with a swan oxidizing agent it gave only 12% of the oxidized product on the other hand with TPAP 78% of the corresponding aldehyde was formed. But you can also see another example of course in this particular case also the nitrogen has been protected as a CBZ group is CBZ group is nothing but COO benzyl group CH2 phenyl this is the protecting group for the and this is what is called CBZ and therefore this is protected and that gives the corresponding aldehyde no over oxidation no oxidation of the double bond. And another example is of course this lower one where this protecting group is also unaffected which is tertiary butyl diphenyl silyl that is this protecting group is like this we have two phenyl rings here and tertiary butyl. So this is OTBDPS tertiary butyl diphenyl silyl. So these kinds of different protecting groups are unaffected and the reagent allows oxidation in a selective and mild fashion therefore it has become a very popular oxidizing agent. So as I said that different protecting group such as SEM which is 2-trimethyl silyl ethoxy methyl like this MOM which is nothing but CH2 O methoxy methyl protecting group for the alcohol or any alcohol type or MAM which is methoxy ethoxy methyl either. So you have CH2 CH2 O CH3 then trityl group which is nothing but this type of substrate from the oxygen here of course then you have a silyl group, benzyl group, pyromethoxy benzyl group, tetrahydropyrenyl group, acetate and benzoate protections. Also functional groups such as enones, double bonds, epoxides, halides, ethers are stable under the reaction conditions. So therefore TPAP is a very useful alternative for converting primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or without and without cleaving various kinds of double bonds or tolerating different types of functional groups. It is also found that one can introduce this type of solid phase catalyst where you have the part of the nitrogen is attached to say polystyrene based group and such an oxidizing agent also is useful because you can recover and reuse it. Simply filter it off and the solid phase ruthenium reagent can be reused for the oxidation of alcohol to the corresponding aldehydes. So this is what it was related to the ruthenium tetroxide based oxidizing agents which were conveniently made useful for various transformations and of course introduction of the TPAP for mild and selective oxidizing agent. Now we go to another oxidizing agent, oxidation rather and that is called as Tamao-Fleming oxidation. In the Tamao-Fleming oxidation what is used is a carbon silicon bond of this type is converted to the corresponding carbon oxygen bond. That means this bond here is basically converted to the corresponding oxygen. This was introduced by Tamao where he used a slightly different types of silicon based substrates and slightly different conditions as one can see here with potassium fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, potassium bicarbonate in methanol. At the same time Fleming introduced a somewhat robust silicon based substrate where there is there are only carbons which are attached on the silicon carbon based groups which are attached and this with the in the presence of potassium bromide peracetic acid in acetic acid medium allows the conversion of this type of substrate to the corresponding alcohol. What it does it is clearly one can see that it allows the silate group to be used as a mass OH group. Interestingly what is very important in this oxidation is whatever is the stereochemistry of the original silicon substrate. That means if this substrate which is used has this type of silicon group attached where the absolute stereochemistry is like this or like this. So if one starts with this type of absolute stereochemistry the hydroxy group also is coming from the same side. So if one takes this substrate then one can get the corresponding alcohol which would look like this. So enantiose selective hydro silalation of alkenes followed by Fleming, Tamau, Kumada of course Tamau and Kumada did together the oxidation so this called as Tamau, Kumada oxidation but popularly it is also called as Tamau, Fleming oxidation can lead to the chiral alcohols. That means if one starts with any olefin like this where there are two different substrates attached or say for example something like this and if one converts into the silal group which is present here in this fashion where you have now an asymmetric center that is being created and if this is a chiral compound then of course you can get upon this oxidation the corresponding alcohol in a chiral fashion. So you start with a chiral substrate and you can get the corresponding chiral alcohol because the oxidation that occurs is highly stereo specific or stereo selective reaction. Now in Tamau oxidation one ligand on silicon must be hydrogen or a heteroatom that is the condition but in Fleming oxidation all ligands on silicon are carbons. So there is a slight difference in the condition reaction conditions and therefore the requirements are slightly different. What is the mechanism of the Fleming oxidation? The Fleming oxidation essentially involves as we saw that a conversion of a stable silicon containing stratium material to a reactive silicon intermediate for further oxidation. So under the protein conditions which was the initial condition that was reported by Fleming it basically involved a regioselective protonation of the phenyl ring favoring beta silicon effect that means this particular phenyl ring undergoes protonation in such a fashion that the proton gets attached to this particular carbon atom and the positive charge is formed at the next carbon atom which is the beta carbon atom and this is because of the favoring beta silicon effect which is nothing but a silicon hyper conjugation. It has stabilizing influence of a silicon atom on the development of a positive charge at a carbon atom one position away that is a beta position from the silicon this is the alpha position and this is the beta position. So this particular formation of a positive charge at the beta carbon then eventually allows a proto desalination because the negative charge that has come on the X that is a say for example if we use HBr then it is a bromide ion that bromide ion then interacts with the silicon and this carbon silicon bond is broken to regenerate the aromatic system here like benzene here and in the process we generate the reactive silicon intermediate. So essentially this is nothing but a regioselective proto desalination to form a reactive silicon intermediate for further oxidation this is the basis of the flaming oxidation. Now in principle one can use any electrophile in place of H+, and carry out the cleavage of the carbon silicon bond and generate the corresponding aromatic compound for example we could also use a source of bromonium ion that means a phenyl group could also be activated via bromination using either excess of bromine which will of course give a source of Br+, as well as Br-, or a bromide ion under oxidation condition that leads to the formation of a bromonium ion eventually for aromatic system to react with that electrophilic species and in the case of bromine then of course we get bromobenzene as a byproduct and of course the same silicon which is a reactive silicon intermediate for further oxidation will form. Now this is the substrate that we have got that reacts with parasitic acid where the parasitic acid replaces the X from here Hx is out and we can get an intermediate of this type which undergoes now this is the chiral center that we are talking about it this is the chiral center that we are talking the asymmetric center. Now this substrate looks very similar to a substrate that can be seen as equivalent to undergoing as bare veligar oxidation and in the bare veligar oxidation also if you recall that the chiral center does not lose the chirality and therefore this migration from here leaving the acetate ion out gives this intermediate. Now here the chirality is not lost which now then reacts with another mole of parasitic acid where parasitic acid attaches to the silicon here forming this intermediate and the remaining R primes which are present which are the carbon substrates they undergo bare veligar type of oxidation similar to the one that I have shown it here undergo to form with the first R prime you get the transfer like this here to give the substrate which is again attacked by the parasitic acid to eventually give via bare veligar oxidation the two OR primes here. So we have one O R substrate which is what is derived from the alcohol and then two OR primes from the silicon substituents and then the acetic acid attacks onto this silicon substrate and we get this particular product as the stable ultimately stable silicon substrate which upon basic workup like sodium hydroxide followed by protonation releases the alcohol and the silicon side product. So this is the framing oxidation in which in two steps first the silicon substrate which has one phenyl ring and two carbon substrates two form carbon based groups undergoes proto desylation to form silicon X bond and then with parasitic acid eventually one gets this alcohol which is having same chirality as a starting silicon substrate. So we will stop it at this stage today and we will take it up in the next class the other aspects of this flaming thermo oxidation and the utility in organic synthesis. So you can go through some of the references I have mentioned already you can go through those references as well as revise what I have discussed today. Till then bye and thank you and we will see you in the next class.


The extractor doesn't seem to be working as well, yeah some of these uh some of these legs the solder doesn't go on so easy or it's the flux in my solder or just the solubility or that's just not going on at all it's almost like putting water on oil or oil on water it's just not wanting to mix yeah it's not the nicest looking joint but it's got it a little servile purpose right I think what I'm going to do is I'm going to do these two first yeah they sort of go brown I really that I think that's the flux that's uh I don't know I don't know I really don't know I'd like to know what's going on there but I don't know I think that's something to do with the solder or it's something to do with these it's something to do something to do with this probably just me this is not good this is not good at all I think that's nice so I'm just don't want to be soldered there's a hair on that and it's not going to go on mine because well I haven't had any that long unless it's a bit of something could live in the plastic of the NEV this is terrible absolutely terrible oh dear it just will not be soldered to so it will not be soldered to now you imagine you're building one of them dso138s because I come across this a lot building those that's part of the reason why I've stopped doing it now because sometimes you just get components pads that will not be soldered to and it messes up what you're trying to do is a perfect job a lot of uh a lot of gunk around my solder iron well no it's not my soldering iron it's not too high it was designed on 315 so it's just not soldering to the legs it was just not soldering and I've got more chance of damaging the LED keep trying to solder this this is ridiculous I suppose it's I don't know I don't know I don't know what to say I don't know what to say now like I said on those dso138s that some of them were terrible the boards or the components but they just would not soldered to go and I can sit here and I can crack around doing stuff soldering I don't have any problems whatsoever I don't know whether it's contamination and the production or or what see that not a problem not a problem straight on not a big club again not a problem some of them are okay some are this one won't be soldered to either well it's just not just not getting on top just doesn't want to know so I'm going to move them try them there just fold it right there I'm going to move them same solder maybe that's sticking and that's sticking to me a bit more smaller maybe that's why they give so many extra because they know that some are just not going to play the game but that's too easy I thought that there was too easy too good to be true it didn't stick and well I should say or soldered well it'd be nice just to get that to a good lob on to there whatever it is put that in this game so like I just got to turn this this way to get to this I'm sorry not ready to see it but it's such an angle where I've got to be completely uh umbered extras or something well that's a terrible solder it's just a big glob but we'll be happy that it's uh it's in the right area still it's what it's supposed to be anybody notice what I've done for what I haven't done I've not got one here nope just not about that this one's a little bit problematic trying to solder but not as bad as the others so there's okay oh I can't believe there's another two layers after this not that easy to solder to this but I've got one down there let's stop there I'll play the game maybe I'll drop oh I love it when I'm off oh this gunk around my uh ah actually quite a lot of soldering I want a decent solder a decent soldering station forget those plug-in jobs seem useless that's what useless all right we've already got like one or two things to solder but you've got to have a phone for hours because you've got plenty to solder yeah and it's got to be neat or at least neatish but man then you get a tool I can't even see that down there probably it's always looking around the drink again I'm quick in drinking I'm stopping as from tomorrow the reason why I say tomorrow is because I've still got a little bit of bales in the fridge and uh I think it would be um well maybe throw away bales I think it should be sharp basically so I'm just gonna have the last that's the one I'm gonna quit drinking I'm gonna get back into a bit of fitness like I used to a lot before I thought once the kids had you know grown and stuff I could just let myself go but it turns out what happens is they have kids and you're gonna stay relatively fit uh keep up with them walk yourself a push bike rather than use the car for you know into town journeys where it's not needed like that push bike is brilliant no blood going oh I'm not gonna get to that that's not actually quite touching sorry you don't get to see some of this but unless I take the camera down and put on me the solder that won't really work me at all I've lost what I was trying to solder out there all right that's the second row I'm gonna do these from bits as well I'm not looking forward to you it's like I don't know how many hours it is how many hours of video editing I've got to go through to leave bits in take a bit out and then watch the whole bloody thing again no true no some sort of sense yeah I think uh when it comes to doing these front bits I know the first one I didn't do it but just put the old long nose pliers in it you've got it and just bend it around the pliers because at least then all of them you can keep the same I know I haven't done that with the first ones here but the rest of them I'm gonna be doing that with is it's just easy it seems well and it's going to be more uniform I don't know if that's the right word to use I didn't really get an education at school I was one of the difficult students or people as they used to say but they still say that when it's for students so yeah just put it out the same as what you would deal with and put your pliers like that in the same place it looks tight up and then for this one I'm gonna bend to the left right over to the right and this time I'm gonna snip it just before halfway so there's some crossover but not loads hopefully the solder will stick as well as that seems to be in fact in all this right now move it over the solder works on that I'm gonna stick that to that really I'm trying to keep it joint up like I didn't see that all the the light and the white and black and colours is just all blurring into each other nice good connection there now it doesn't look terribly bad I don't know well three thirds of a little bit we really won't be isn't it I think that's allowed I think we're all right eating yourself a bit too much I'm gonna cut this in half I don't know if I've ever had the pain trying to cut it before but this is annoying though with this magnetism part of it so there's my little thingy there we go magnetism go away come back another day see that work that work well doesn't it yeah it's stuck in there huh there you can see that still not the imagines one is off there I'm supposed to allow me that thing look just they just stick they just what the magnetism doesn't work it magnetizes this is where it shouldn't be all right I'm just a little bit of a bobble of solder and there's been a solder just by my hand that's I don't know if that's the way I'm doing it I'm not just making a damn much of it it isn't good this isn't fun no no this isn't fun at all now how am I gonna get that out of there well there all right it came apart it's not far right it came apart a little bit of tension to turn in I don't get that but I'm first there that's the way to go forwards I think someone might have a little bit it's still magnetized yeah it was another thing I bought off ebay you know the old magnetized there that's uh doesn't be magnetized and I wait four weeks for it to come along and not do its job okay two out of four let's just keep pushing forward oh this is terrible that's uh that's just like browny black no that's not sticking to nothing it's all up nothing same solder on this one no problem sticks okay not that bit so well but solder this will actually work gotta be really careful if you keep it if you keep the iron too hot around the leds because they just they die so so easily leds thing and probably one of the most sensitive I think for the stuff I've done with leds well then if this is the case throughout but you know I'm already eight months into this hobby and uh but I've been at it every day I'm a bit addicted I think you can get bitten by a bug in you know if you go to the gym and this is the same I think you can get bitten by the bug basically the bug is this you build stuff it works and you think oh I can build something awesome and then you just you just want to build things every day and see what's good and what's not and that's what I do basically I do myself it's time every day for this yeah I do it every day if I can't get my head around building something I read I read or I watch some uh some videos out there I like watching tear downs and all I watch are people do repairs on things and pick up hints and tips from them and says chat away you know what they're doing I think this one's gonna stick happy doing it I hope there aren't too many like this because I don't have any spares of these I've only done like three or four


As-salamu alaykum. Lately, a lot of Canadians have been enjoying evening walks to get a bit of fresh air after long days at home during this pandemic. On Sunday, in London, Ontario, that's what a grandmother, two parents and two children went out to do. Three generations of the Afzul family – Salman, Madia, their children, Yomna and Fayaz, and their grandmother. But unlike every other night, that family never made it home. Their lives were taken in a brutal, cowardly, and brazen act of violence. This killing was no accident. This was a terrorist attack motivated by hatred in the heart of one of our communities. Mr. President, I am horrified by the attack that took the lives of four members of a family and seriously injured a nine-year-old boy on Sunday evening in London, Ontario. We are at heart with their close during these extremely difficult times. And we all hope that the little boy will be able to recover from his injuries quickly, even if we know that he will live for a long time with sadness, incomprehension and anger caused by this flash attack and Islamophobia. This is unfortunately not an isolated case. The great mosque in Quebec, the cowardly murder of Mohammed Aslam Zafis at a mosque in Toronto, the violent attacks against black Muslim women in Edmonton and so many other people across the country who faced insults, threats and violence. They were all targeted because of their Muslim faith. This is happening here in Canada. And it has to stop. Mr. President, we must not get used to this violence. We must not let ourselves be desensitized. We cannot accept that it becomes normal. Every time we are witness to this hatred, we must denounce it. And it starts with small gestures. Words matter. They can be a seed that grows into an ugly, pervasive trend and sometimes they lead to real violence. The jokes that are not funny, the casual racism, the insinuations that are only meant to diminish, the toxic rhetoric, the disinformation and the extremism online, the polarization we see too often in our public discourse and in our politics. As leaders and as Canadians, we not only have to say enough is enough, we must take action. We cannot allow any form of hate to take root because the consequences can be far too serious. We've seen it in Christchurch. We've seen it in other places around the world and we've lived it here at home. Right now, Canadians are outraged by what happened on Sunday and many Muslim Canadians are scared. Last night I spoke with the Mayor of London, Ed Holder, and a representative of the local Muslim community, Nawaz Tahir, to share my condolences and discuss the urgency and the more we must do to keep our communities safe. Mr. Speaker, we stand with the people of London and with Muslim communities across the country. We're going to continue to fund initiatives like the Security Infrastructure Program to help protect communities at risk and their schools and places of worship. We'll continue to fight hate online and offline, which includes taking even more action to dismantle far-right hate groups like we did with the Proud Boys by adding them to Canada's terror listing. And we'll continue doing everything we can to keep communities safe. The fear of the cruel attack on Sunday in London doesn't represent us as Canadians because we know we're stronger in peace than in hate and violence. And we also know we must tell the truth. This hate and this violence exists in our streets, online, or elsewhere. As long as it will exist, we will have work to do. Mr. Speaker, if anyone thinks racism and hatred don't exist in this country, I ask to them this. How do we explain such violence for that child in hospital? How can we look families in the eye and say Islamophobia isn't real?  If you listen to the parents who beg their children not to wear traditional clothes for fear of them being harassed or attacked simply for what they're wearing, they'll tell you racism exists. Muslim families have often felt uncertain or even fearful when they go out in the streets wearing traditional garb. The reality is most Canadians haven't necessarily been aware of that fear that far too many racialized and Muslim Canadians would be with them anytime they go outside. If the attack in London has any follow-up or I don't even want to say positive, but any impact on non-Muslim Canadians, it should be this, to understand the anxiety and the fear that our fellow Canadians carry that they shouldn't be. It is on all of us to understand that experience and be there to support and to help. We can and we must act. As Canadians, we've been fighting a global pandemic for over a year now and we did it by coming together, by working together.  I want all Canadians to know that we are all diminished when any one of us is targeted. We need to stand up to reject racism and terror and work together to embrace what makes our country strong, our diversity. May peace and blessings be upon you.


Have you ever woken up and thought, how did I get here? If you have thought about that, this book is for you. And if you've never thought that, keep listening to find out why this book is important and how you can live vicariously through the characters. Hey, this is Kyla Denigal and welcome to Kyla's Reading Day. Today we're talking about the book Sunburn. It was written by Laura Lipman. The genre of the book is fiction. The theme of the book is thriller. So this book is all about how what you see is not what you get. You are reading the book.  She bumps into somebody named Adam. You're like, okay, you got a burgeoning love story going on here. Great. And then find out, bam, Polly is married. Bam, Polly had a kid that she left. Bam, Adam is investigating Polly. It's a mess. You find yourself rooting for Polly and Adam to be together to have this whole thing work out when everything is stacked against them. So I'm reading the book and I find myself cheering for Adam and Polly. I'm like, okay, these two people, they're not perfect. They've got some past, but they can do it. They can push through. Are they even supposed to be together? Do I really want Polly to be with her kid? Not if she's miserable with the husband. It's a lot. It was a lot. It was a lot, a lot, a lot. But the story was written in such a way that I was like, okay, I could picture these lives, right? Reading this book made me think of you're on a road trip. You're in the car next to people or maybe you pull over at a gas station or get food and you're just looking the car of the people next to you and you're like, where are they coming from? What are they about to do? Why are they doing this instead of what they were doing yesterday? Because this book made you realize what you see is not what you get at all at all. So this book was really important to me because in another life, I was an anthropologist. I love to watch people. I like to study people. I like to go to the mall and just sit and watch people. I'm a people watcher. So what I was saying about watching people at the gas station wasn't to be creepy, but was just to like wonder, just to be curious, just to say, you know, I'm on this road trip because I'm driving to go see my daughter's grandparents. It could be something that minute or it could be anything. It's truly fascinating. So Sunburn was a great read for that. I would not reread the book. The story was twisted. There was a lot of, there were a lot of seedy things going on and yeah, I would not, but I would. I always say I'd watch a movie about it. I guess the anthropologist in me wants to see the way another person would enact the movie. I want to see your interpretation of it as well. But yeah, so no, I wouldn't reread the book. Probably because it got me daydreaming a little bit too much. I was just like, is this what it seems? Is this my hand? Am I reading this book? What you see is not what you get. Not in the book, Sunburn. So if you're still here, thank you for watching the video. Please leave a comment and let me know how you felt about it. And please like this video that really does help YouTube share these videos with other people who enjoy books, other people who want to hear someone talk about books, and it really will help the channel. So until next time, thank you for watching Kyla's Reading Day. Bye.