Welcome to Conversations with Creative Minds. We have been searching for the meaning of creativity and the role it plays in our daily life. People use creativity to express themselves in different ways, such as writing, painting, poetry, composing music, or innovating new products. Creative Minds have never been more relevant than today because of the need to solve our society's dynamic and complex problems. Today, our guest is award-winning at New York Times bestselling author William Martin. He has a rich career spanning decades, including working in the construction industry, Hollywood, and of course, writing some of America's best historical novels. He's been called the king of the historical novel. He's authored 12 novels, Back Bay, Nerve Endings, The Rising of the Moon, Cape Cod, Annapolis, Citizen Washington, Harvard Yard, The Lost Constitution, City of Dreams, The Lincoln Letter, Bound for Gold, and of course his latest book, December 41. It's a thriller. And being a thriller, it's a departure from Bill Martin's usual historical novel genre. Welcome Bill. Thanks for coming back this time to speak with us again. This is your second appearance with us and we are happy to have you back. December 41 is about events that occurred on December 7, the attack on Pearl Harbor to Christmas Eve on the White House lawn, right? That's how it unfolds, begins actually on December 8th with the FDR's speech to the nation and his voice travels out across America, out into the hinterlands, out across the deserts and up and over the mountain ranges and down into Southern California where the radios in several different locations are picking up that voice. That is the way in which I tie together a series of disparate characters at the beginning of the book who will become irretrievably intertwined by the end. The FBI on December 8th, 1941 in a lot of places, particularly in Los Angeles, was arresting Japanese and German nationals and their allies and friends based upon long-time surveillance and the FBI in Los Angeles rated a compound in a rather expensive and ritzy part of Los Angeles today, a compound that you can still find back in the hills of the Santa Monica Mountains if you know where to look and in the opening scene they arrest everybody down there except for one guy who gets away and he's the one they should have caught because he's the one whose job it will be to get himself to Washington DC and shoot Franklin Roosevelt on the night that he lights the national community Christmas tree of Washington DC and the United States Christmas Eve. It's a great setup for a novel, a novel that's only going to take a couple of weeks to unfold, which you're right is a real departure from the books that I've written over the last 30 or 40 years or so. A December 41 is a thriller rather than a historical novel. Did you find writing this book easier or more complicated than your usual format? There's no book that is easier or more difficult than the one before. There is no step in the process of writing a book that I find easier or more difficult than the one before. When I'm outlining a book I'm always saying gee I wish I was writing. When I'm writing the book I say gee I wish I was editing. When I'm editing the book I say gee I wish I was copy editing and when I'm reading the galleys and proofreading I say gee I wish this book was published and done and out of the house. So nothing ever gets easier for you as a writer. You only get better at it and the idea that writing a single three-act structured novel is easier than writing the big historical volume that covers, as in the case for example, of Cape Cod a thousand years is it's accurate because those books Cape Cod or Back Bay or City of Dreams are much larger in scope than this book. A lot more characters, a lot more stuff to have happening and yet this book took me a couple of years just like all of them do. And even though it's shorter than those books the demands of coming up with scenes that are exciting and seem new but are also part of what is a very traditional kind of story which December 41 is those kinds of scenes challenge you and you need to find new ways to tell an old story basically. Yet the book is rich in detail as you would find in one of your historical novels which is a bonus for the readers. Now did you learn of any actual attempts or assassination plots against the U.S. government during that time in your research and also did you discover anything in doing your research in World War II that utterly surprised you that you had no idea about that really was amazing to you? Well first of all the matter of plots and assassinations and things like that Franklin Roosevelt was the target of an assassin in 1933 when he was a the president-elect. He was sitting in the back seat of a car greeting people in Miami, Florida was an open open car you know convertible and there was back in the crowd an anarchist who stood on a stool and took aim at Roosevelt and loosed off five shots but there were two problems one the stool broke and the other somebody hit the guy's arm and the bullets went astray and that saved FDR who wasn't hit but the person with whom he was riding at the moment who was Mayor Anton Sermak of Chicago was hit in the stomach and later died. FDR cradled him in his arms on the way to the hospital so there was that. Then in terms of the growth of the the fascist movements in the United States in the 1930s all of them ultimately had as their stated goal to take control of the United States and put on to our system of government the same kinds of rigid controls that you were seeing in Germany and Italy and in Japan. There were plenty of people here starting with Charles Lindbergh for example and the America firsters who admired the Germans for what they were accomplishing in the face of the depression particularly in contrast so they believed to the efforts of Franklin Roosevelt who was a kind of an eclectic throw anything at the wall a liberal reformer whose goal it was to basically save capitalism and he was successful at that I would say but these groups and I write about this in the book these fascist groups such as the German-American Bund of Southern California they all were waiting for something called the day the day when all of these fascist groups would rise up start shooting the wrong people and start putting into power the people that they wanted in the mayor's offices and the state houses and in all of the other places where the granular details of American governments were created and so that all of that lead in suggests that while none of these plots would come to fruition obviously there were plenty of people out there thinking about ways in which to get control of the United States there was a plot in the 1930s in which businessmen were planning to put into place a United States Marine officer a colonel or I think or in general who was going to replace Franklin Roosevelt that one went out the window there were lots of these these plots and as far as specific assassination plots on Franklin Roosevelt well you have the the evidence that the secret service was very worried about this when I got the idea to write this book and it all came to me in a movie theater I was watching darkest hours with Gary Oldman where he plays FDR where he plays Winston Churchill and he calls FDR on the phone and asks FDR for help it's May of 1940 France is falling the Germans are advancing on Dunkirk and so forth and so on and FDR says I can't help you American politics ties my hands FDR was in the process of slowly moving the American people toward the realization that they were going to have to fight fascism probably in two on two fronts before it was all over well he tells Churchill I can't help you good luck the camera cuts back and we see Churchill slumped into despair in the movie and as I was watching it I thought to myself in a year and a half those two guys will stand together on the South Portico of the White House like the national community Christmas tree and express the unity of these two nations in their struggle their crusade against fascism and what a target they will make that's where the idea came from and I immediately started doing some research into the possibility of this having happened the part about Churchill being there of course we know about because Churchill traveled in secret in the first week of the war he traveled in secret from England to the United States arriving on December 22nd I think 10 day a 10 day journey on a battleship he left on the the 12th yeah he left on December 12th took 10 days got there in December 22nd much to the shock of the world so we know Churchill was there the arrival of Churchill up the ante not only for the fictional German assassin in my book but also for the real secret service characters and one of them who appears in the book was actually he's a historical character he wrote up his name was Mike Riley he wrote a book called Riley of the White House shortly after FDR's death and the end of the war in which he described his whole experience as FDR's uh anchor man the man who stood at FDR's elbow all the time ready to move quickly pick the president up because of course we know Roosevelt was crippled from polio and couldn't couldn't walk uh to pick the president up and run with him if something bad appeared to be happening and Mike Riley talked about the concerns of the U.S. Army and military authorities in those first weeks of the war uh concerns that were somewhat unfounded that the Germans might find a way to send paramilitary forces at the White House in order to kidnap or kill Franklin Roosevelt what dropped paratroopers of all things out of the sky uh and in response to this they put machine guns on the roof the White House they had military vehicles circling uh circling the White House perimeter perimeter grounds day and night with 50 caliber machine guns on them all kinds of things like that and Mike Riley as the newly appointed head of the Secret Service was much more concerned about as he wrote the the lone assassin or the small team of killers dispatched to kill the president and when I read that I said it didn't happen but they were worried about it they were watching out for it that gives me the justification to go ahead with this bit of the story uh and to uh to spin a whole fictional yarn out of the idea that somebody might try to try to take a shot on Rose at Roosevelt on Christmas Eve so uh that's the long answer to uh to the question that you asked as far as being surprised by anything in world war two history um I would have to say that you know I've read so much there was no moment at which I just slapped myself in the forehead and said wow I didn't know that um but it's uh the process of writing the book was a process of accumulating lots of details that were all very interesting not only about uh FDR and Churchill but about the whole country and where we were as world war two was thrust upon us that's why the book is rooted in popular culture uh it begins in Hollywood it begins with characters who are trying to make it in the movie business and will be drawn into this this web of conspiracy in danger and drama that I've tried to create here and at the same time they're always aware of American popular culture of the of the music of the moment the number one song on December 6th 1941 going to the top of the billboard chart was Chattanooga Choo Choo and of course that's um uh that's an interesting detail on December 8th and this is one of the reasons I began the book on December 8th on December 8th 1941 the day in which FDR gives his great speech the day in which Winston Churchill says I need to get to the United States in order to get into Roosevelt's face because Japan has attacked the United States Roosevelt may turn the force of the United States entirely on the Japanese but we know that Germany is the country we have to defeat first well in addition to those two things December 8th was the date on which uh at Warner Brothers a play arrived at the studio in the story department along with some books and other things that had been sent out by the story editor in New York who wanted to uh wanted to get what was called and still is called coverage on this material that's when it's given to a young reader who in those days worked for a dollar 12 an hour a young reader who would read the play or read the novel and then write a report on it it's one of the things that I was taught to do when I was in film school though I never I never ended up doing and it certainly wouldn't have done for a dollar 12 an hour um but uh one of the plays was everybody comes to ricks everybody comes to ricks of course would just a year later become the movie Casablanca sure and it would become even though there are no battle scenes whatsoever in Casablanca it would become in a way the ultimate American war movie uh it's it's romantic and it's exciting and it's funny and fast moving and uh and it manages to show you in the character of Rick played by Humphrey Bogart the evolution from a guy who as he says in the movie will stick his neck out for nobody to a guy who's ready to throw himself completely into the fray in order to defeat the Nazis and um and while my novel doesn't replicate the plot structure or the love triangle or anything like that what it does do is take that theme and put it on to my fictional characters and so it's just one more piece of the um it's one more piece of the larger drama and one of the reasons that I began it began the book in Hollywood well that's why second world war is always and utterly fascinating um is uh another thriller on the agenda perhaps uh are you thinking of it or back to historical novel or it just well to finally figure that out before we say goodbye i'm looking i'm looking for the idea that will uh capture me in a way that makes me just want to spend another two years sitting here in this room writing and writing and writing and it the likelihood is that it's going to be a historical thriller of some kind and um I think it will probably have the tighter structure of December 41 and of some of the bigger books though I do intend at some point in my career between now and whenever I stop writing entirely uh to write one more Peter Fallon novel this might not be uh the time I think that I'll probably since I did enjoy writing a three act structure uh which is basically what you have in December 41 uh the first act is set in Los Angeles the second act on the road on the super chief speeding across America and the final act is in Washington DC I uh I think that that kind of structure is is one that I like to work in and I'll probably give you another thriller sometime in the next few years but these books all as I said at the beginning take a long time and it never gets easier you just get better at it if you learn how to ask yourself for right questions as a writer well whatever it is all of us fans through the years will welcome it and um we appreciate your coming here to talk about your new book today I loved it and I see great things going forward for it and I hope that she can come back here again and discuss something else soon I hope I hope I write something uh something that is ready in a short period of time so that we can get together again and tell more stories about books we write yeah well I look forward to it and um Citizen Washington is my favorite of all of them because of Washington and um I look forward to your discussing that with us very soon all right Bill thanks again thanks for coming back uh great to talk to you again great to hear about the novel and how it evolved how it started terrific great story thank you


Okay, yes, within the civil war. I think so too. It's supporting war as well in war, in war, supporting war and even saying we're going to send our little bit of army to Ukraine and it's in a civil war. Yeah, UK is in a civil war. We held off on putting on a civil war for a while, but I think it's pretty much a given civil war. I would say Ireland is in a civil war as well. What say you, Irish? Are you in a civil war? All the supla. Why is the UK in civil war? The Netherlands simply failed to form a coalition. Rhodes stays in power. That's a pretty fast and loose. No, it's not. Look at what they're doing, the farmers. The farmers and the truckers, what they're doing. There's thousands upon thousands of farmers and truckers right now in Germany, in Holland, in Belgium. In Belgium they're throwing manure in Brussels all over the place. So it might not be a shooting civil war. My definition of civil war is loose to a certain degree. Because I'm not interested in being corporate media telling you that something is happening that you cannot deny that it is happening. We want to know what's coming and where we are, where it's brewing. Once it's done, it's done. It's obvious what it is. So we want to be proactive. We want to be in the United States civil war. Again, there's no doubt that the United States is in civil war now. Are we okay with this? Calling the United States civil war? That's why, Alex Smith, what's your criteria to determine for countries? Yeah, that's why, Alex. Using your definition of civil war, 90% of history, those countries were civil war. No, I wouldn't say 90% of history. No. Europe wasn't Holland. When was the last time the truckers and the farmers, tens of thousands, went onto the streets? When was the last time the Dutch government turned to the farmers and said, you have to give up 30% of your land? When was the last time that inflation went through the roof like this? I don't think. Not that I know of, anyway. This is a double one. It's got two sides to it. We don't want two sides. We want one side. Canada is a serious dissent going on. People are waiting for next elections to see what happens. If the next election is the ruling party that gets in, which is going to be the conservatives, if they don't start doing some of the things that they promised and pull back on the world economic form agenda, Canada is going to start getting into a civil war. No, Alex. Not high inflation equals civil war. I didn't say, oh, just because high inflation is civil war. No. Right now, there are major highways blocked off in Germany and Holland. There are tens of thousands of farmers and truckers blocking roads. That's a civil war. Alex is laughing. You can laugh if you want. We called Ukraine a civil war. People were laughing. What are you laughing at?  There are 500,000 Ukrainians dead. If you guys live there, you don't think it's a civil war. Let us know. Alex, there's some conflicts, but that happens all the time. In other news, no, Alex. 49ers to Wintonet. Then Northern Ireland moved to be more pro-Irish or something like that. Yeah, there's something going on in Ireland. People in Ireland, the citizens are pretty pissed. I think that last Dutch farmer protest was in the early 90s. It wasn't on this level, not that I know of, not that I can recall. Their leadership wasn't completely disconnected from the citizens. I watched a little presentation by a Dutch farmer on stage. He was questioning some politician. The Dutch farmer, it was incredible. I should have linked it up. I stopped saving stuff. I'm just linking a number on a gilded server. That's where I link stuff up. The Dutch farmer came on and turned to the politician and said, Listen, you guys are attacking us. This is our way of trying to make you understand that we are extremely upset. This is going to kick into the next phase if you do not stop your attack on us.  We're giving you warning. If you don't pull back on your world economic form agenda, trying to prevent us from growing food, attacking us, increasing taxes, increasing fuel, taking away our land, not renewing licenses, you're attacking us. This is your last warning. That's what the Dutch farmer on stage talking to a politician was saying.  Take that as you will. I call that a civil war.


Ia maia, Ia Caroline, I'm actually the Communications Manager for the Arts Centre in Christchurch. Michael and Sara were unable to make it so I wasn't expecting to be standing up here today, but they have entrusted me to give their presentation. So here goes. Quite a few of you are probably familiar with the Arts Centre in Christchurch. It's reopening in stages. One of the elements that has opened really recently, just in August, is Rutherford's Den. Rutherford's Den has been around for a long time at the Arts Centre. The earthquakes closed it five years ago. It gave the Arts Centre an opportunity to reimagine how Rutherford's story could be told. They brought in Michael and Sarah from SM projects in Australia to use a variety of digital storytelling techniques to tell Rutherford's story. As the communications manager, I can vouch that they've done a fantastic job. We've had fabulous feedback. It's a completely different experience to what it was before the earthquakes and it's given us an opportunity to tell Rutherford's story in a whole lot of different ways. Last week's earthquakes were actually quite a good reminder of the good things that can come out of earthquakes. This is definitely one of them. This is a real success story as is the Arts Centre as it reopens. I hope you come and check it out next time you're in Christchurch. So in 2015 the Arts Centre commenced this ambitious project to redevelop Rutherford's Den. Rutherford's Den is a museum space dedicated to the legacy of Lord Ernest Rutherford, who's one of New Zealand's most prominent scientists. You're probably aware of this. He's the guy with the moustache on the $100 note, if you didn't realise that. We do give away quite a lot of moustaches actually, quite popular in the shop. The Arts Centre is based within the grounds of the former University of Canterbury which is where Ernest Rutherford undertock his first significant scientific research as a master's student in the 1890s. So this is the real beauty of this space as it's a heritage space, but within that we've fitted all these amazing new digital storytelling devices which fit beautifully within this space, but it's really bringing to life this old story and it's actually the thing that blows away particularly the students who come into this space because they do run an education programme, is that he actually studied there and we take them down to the den, which you'll see, the actual den where he studied and I think it really helps to bring home to them that from really humble beginnings you can take an idea and turn it into something pretty amazing, which is what Rutherford did. So it was at the Arts Centre when he worked at the Arts Centre at University of Canterbury he was awarded an international exhibition scholarship to Cambridge University where he joined the likes of JJ Thompson working at the very forefront of modern physics in the 20th century. So here's the Arts Centre, this is a couple of months old now, this is the North Quad it's all reopened, it's been landscaped, if you go to the Arts Centre website you can see how it looks today. Rutherford's den is adjacent to this, it's kind of down in this bottom right-hand corner so this is where Rutherford, this is the campus where Rutherford studied. So in spite of the Canterbury earthquakes, the Arts Centre has remained one of the most significant clusters of heritage buildings in New Zealand and rebuilding the Arts Centre or restoring it following the earthquakes has not been about just restoring the heritage features but also fitting it out with the latest modern infrastructure and technology so this is throughout the whole site. Rutherford's den is a really great example of how this has become a reality but the work behind the seams, this is the library building for example and the North Quad underneath that, there's been huge trenches dug for a lot of services and for a lot of data and the whole site now has got not just the latest data it's also centrally heated and that's drawn from on-site aquifers so the site will be sustainable so there's a lot of that kind of stuff going on as we reimagine the Arts Centre. So the vision for the Arts Centre is to create a hub for creative entrepreneurs in the heart of Christchurch and I think the Rutherford's Den is a really good step in this direction. This is actually a still from a time lapse which you can see on our website if you go to the Rutherford's Den pages so you can see the transformation from a heritage space into the Rutherford's Den of today. So on the outside there and you can sort of kind of make out the ceiling that's all been retained, everything's had to be fitted in there in amongst strict heritage restrictions. Before the earthquakes this was just an empty room essentially so what they've done here is in the middle you can see a circular type of experience there so you can actually step inside that and we'll see some visuals from that shortly. So as you learn about atomic structure you step inside that experience and you're actually surrounded by visuals that explain atoms and it actually responds to your movements so it's a really really great way of getting across the idea of how atomic structure was discovered. In the foreground you can see quite modern looking equipment there's a lot of iPads, there's a lot of interactive experiments with magnets and so forth so people are really encouraged to come in and interact with the exhibition it's not about just coming in and reading stuff there's a lot of reading but kids in particular love the fact that they can come in and play with all the stuff that's in there. So this is the Rutherford's Den webpage if you go to the arts centre site you can dig in a lot more to find out about all the different elements that we've got going on in the space and you'll find a mix of interactive, immersive and hands-on exhibits and interpretations and they're not only devoted to Rutherford as a person but also to his qualities of scientific imagination, curiosity and collaboration so it doesn't just focus on Rutherford himself it delves into a lot of the work of his peers so this is just a really short excerpt from one of the videos that plays up in the main lecture theatre so this is a lecture theatre that has the old wooden benches as they were back in the 1880s where Rutherford himself sat and now instead of the blackboards we've put up these digital screens that play a video so we call it a digital blackboard it looks like a blackboard before it plays you may not even realise that you're in a room that's been fitted out with modern technology and that's part of the mystique of the space really you need to get in there and you get fooled into thinking you've just stepped back in time into an old lecture theatre and it looks beautiful and it's been restored perfectly but the next thing on these massive screens you get this beautiful video playing explaining the story of Rutherford and his contemporaries so for Sarah and her team when they were selected in 2015 they treated the opportunity to reimagine Rutherford's den as a chance to revisit this iconic legend using the tools and methods of site-specific digital storytelling and interpretation SM projects based in Australia they were formed out of a passion for digital storytelling and the creative possibilities afforded by mixed media interventions into a space integrating physical and digital experiences into museum and placemaking contexts so much of the studio's previous work helped create new experiences of the Arts Centre and the Rutherford's Den's history using the tools of augmented and immersive media sound and projection to connect with historical collections and novel ways bringing the tools and the ethos of place-based digital storytelling allowed them to reimagine Rutherford's own story and its place in our digital era they connected it with the origins of the Electric Universe and to the future of energy and our collective scientific imagination so they do this in various ways one of the great ways they connect to the future of energy is in what we call the future energy room funnily enough and kids love this one as well you go in there and it's got a screen on the wall and you stand on a square in front of it and essentially if you for example wave your arms and there is a Kia on the screen wave your arms, it actually picks up your movements and as you're waving your arms you might be generating wind energy for example, or in another one there's a Kiwi and he's stomping his feet and he's digging down onto the earth so he's generating energy so it's a really great interactive way of explaining to children just how renewable energy comes about and again to something completely new and original for Rutherford's Den it's gone down really really well so traditionally Rutherford's story is told as that of an iconic genius a man who discovered the nuclear structure of the atom Einstein called him a second Newton and he was also called the greatest experimental physicist ever to have lived this is the heroic view of the scientist but it underplays the extent to which Rutherford was a collaborator and benefited from the insights and abilities of others through digital storytelling and digital curation visitors can explore the many connections between Rutherford and other realms of scientific discovery to connect the discoveries of light, magnetism, electricity, colour and atomic structure to connect art and science but also to connect the world of atoms with the contemporary world of bits as you arrive in Rutherford's Den this is what we call the Rutherford's Wall so what you can't see from this is that it is actually an interactive screen so you can touch the screen move the elements around to explore the particular areas that you are really interested in and one thing we've found is that people when they arrive they don't realise it's interactive and it's quite a new idea, a concept for them that they can actually come in and touch the screen to find out what they need to know so it's been quite good that this is located very close to the entry so that we can actually explain that to them the whole style of the experience has been kept quite minimal so we don't want to put up too many signs we want people to just explore and discover as they go through the immersive experiment or experience I was talking about earlier that explains the atomic structure this is an excerpt from that so you're standing inside this huge curved experience and it interacts as you move and it explains to you the atomic structure so it's a really beautiful way of using the digital storytelling to get that message across to people this is the den this is the actual cloakroom that Rutherford had converted into a space for his early experiments so down here we've used sound recordings and a film projected onto the wall to give people the experience that they're actually in the space with him and again this has been really great for children so I'm needing to wrap up now so trying to, all I can say is look you want to come down and see this next time you're in Christchurch there is a lot to see in this I'm not a science person I'm an arts person and I've learnt a lot and every time I go in there I learn a lot and at the end of the day as a communications person to me that's what it's all about for people to come into the space and learn about Rutherford in their own way and I think that they have the choice by using such a variety of techniques Thank you


What is up everybody welcome to week three of the NFL season and the fandal hurry up I'm Brandon Godulla managing editor at numberfire.com. And I'm going to be talking about my three favorite stacks for the week three main slate. There are a lot of great games to stack this week. But one stack that stands out above the rest for me is going to be Russell Wilson and DK Metcalf. The Seahawks are playing the Vikings indoors and dome games are statistically a bit more fantasy friendly than outdoor games. So we have to like that. And Russell Wilson is off to a pretty efficient start. Overall he is average just shy of 300 yards and three touchdowns. He's average three touchdowns per game just shy of 300 yards per game. Minnesota has opened up the season is just a middling past defense based on their expected points allowed per play. No need to downgrade Russ at all. And eyes are probably more on Tyler Lockett's though because of his hot start. But I'm going to be prioritizing DK Metcalf at seventy two hundred. Metcalf is average just eleven point one fandal points per game with Lockett at twenty five point nine. But the underlying data in their profiles things like routes run area or stuff like that imply that Lockett should be at about fourteen and a half fandal points per game with Metcalf at thirteen point two. Metcalf is also getting a two point five downfield targets per game. So Metcalf has regression coming his way. Minnesota ranks third worst against downfield passes thus far. So it could be the regression week for DK Metcalf in week three. Any time we can justify Lamar Jackson we should do it. It's basically always Jackson's average fourteen carries and two red zone carries per game at ninety seven rushing yards per game because he's just a fantasy football cheat code. But he's also averaged a viable two hundred and thirty seven passing yards per game. And the Lions are by far the best passing matchup possible for Lamar Jackson. So that benefits Lamar who in this case with Lamar we know the Russians there is the question is can he tack on the passing and he should be able to do that this week. And Marquis Brown has actually emerged as their number one option in Baltimore which has not always been the case. Hollywood is up to a 30 percent target share and a 40 percent air yard share and that includes one and a half red zone targets per game. And as we would expect for Marquis Brown three downfield targets per game Detroit is fourth worst against the deep ball this season by yards per target allowed so we can be in store for a ceiling game from both of these options for week three. We also have a value stack opportunity this week with Justin Fields starting for the Bears at sixty five hundred dollars on a fandal. If we like if we really truly want slate shattering value from a pastor we need big time production and unless you know fields or another quarterback under seven thousand is going to go for like four hundred yards and three touchdowns passing we should be seeking rushing to the left side and fields has that he ran 10 times in week two through just 13 passes times by comparison. Sure he had only 60 yards on those 13 passes but the efficiency expectation should be a lot greater for fields because he was a stud coming out of college. I'm going to want to stack him with Alan Robinson primarily but we also have Darnell Mooney for a mega value stack this week at fifty six hundred for Mooney. We had four of their overall targets from Justin Fields to downfield but Robinson is the clear number one he had three targets and one downfield from Justin Fields last week. He's the one we should bank on and take advantage of the savings we get with Justin Fields but good matchup this week against the Browns. So I'm in on Justin Fields stacking him with either Alan Robinson or Darnell Mooney for the week that I'll do it for my favorite NFL stacks for week three. Best of luck this week and let's double dip on those touchdown passes on Sunday.


The 16th All India Conference of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions, CITU, started in Chennai, Tamil Nadu from 23rd January 2020. The conference is being attended by over 2,000 delegates across different sectors such as banking, telecom, defence, construction, coal, scheme workers, among others. They are representing around 60 lakh members from 25 states and fraternal organisations. The conference is being held on the golden jubilee year of CITU formation and the centenary of the founding of the first central trade union in the country. The conference also gains importance as attacks on the working class and the labour rights are rising under the current regime led by the Badiya Janta Party. Amid widespread protests across the country against the Citizenship Amendment Act, National Register of Citizens and National Population Register, the conference passed a resolution demanding the repeal of CAA and the rejection of NRC and NPR. Terming the CAA as an assault by the BJP government on the secular foundation of the constitution of India, the resolution called upon the workers of the country to carry forward the movement and uniting all other toiling and democratic sections of the people till these demands were met. The Congress of India is facing serious challenges. How is the attacks on their livelihoods, on their words, on their working conditions and giving the rights, on their rights, the basic rights? And the second is the BJP government's attacks on the democratic rights of the people, on the basic constitutional rights of the people and the government. At the same time, the government also under coming power for the second time, it is trying to implement the RSS agenda of Hindu Rastra and putting the second one into a community based on this new law which is called the Hindu Rastra, the RSS agenda. So, these are the challenges from the working class, particularly the CITs who respond to the spoken community and struggle, which is fighting to unite the working class so that the uniting working class can face the challenges of its neoliberal attacks. The government is trying to provide the working class with religion and caste places, regional places, etc., and also divert their attention, disrupt their dignity from their real issues. The opening session of the CITU also passed a resolution in solidarity with the people of Jammu and Kashmir calling for restoration of peoples and workers rights. On the occasion of the Republic Day on 26 January, the national flag will be hoisted and the delegates will take a pledge to defend the constitution and the unity of the country. The conference will conclude on January 27th after a massive public rally which will be addressed by the CITU leaders.


Ladies and gentlemen welcome back. This is sound of Mike and I am here to fix your form today We got a little bench press if you want to get involved. We need 70% landscape high definition three reps Sent to ask M.I.K.K. E at gmail.com We're here to try to help your bench if you guys enjoy this series if you enjoy this channel Please do your boy a favor smash the thumbs up right now Let's see if we hit 1500 likes and be sure to subscribe my man's got that arch of the gods Self-lift off in the gym. I dig it Angles pretty decent bar path pretty decent when we're looking at bench. We do not Repeat do not want to press in a straight line. We want a slight arc and if you can look at the the head or the But or the tail or whatever it is the tip You know what I'm saying of that barbell from that position. It looks great and he's touching Good spot on his chest. We want the elbows just under if not just in front of the barbell And as we press we want to press up and back towards the rack That's kind of the the bend and flare the elbow that many of people have talked about over the years From that one angle look really really good man. Let's see what we got here Back looks tight decent position overall.  We want our scapula retracted. You want to think about shrugging back and down It's gonna keep our shoulder socket a little bit more stable and give us a nice Stability stability when we're pressing but then with our legs what we want is our knees below our hips And then we're gonna be flexing our quads and glutes and pushing our entire body our entire momentum back onto our traps So right here is knees are below his hips, but you can see his butt raise up just a little bit If you can tuck your heels in a little bit more and still keep your heels onto the ground Maybe even a weightlifting shoe would help and then keep flexing yourself back onto those traps. It's gonna help a lot We're gonna go slow-mo like this is ESPN Midnight ESPN highlight plays ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the bet brush championship the garage championship of YouTube This is silent Mike your host with the most we're building pecs We're not having sex or shooting text or whatever it might be. Oh, you already have weightlifting shoes on so that's good What I think you could do my homie is if you could squeeze those heels in a little bit more towards your butt or a little bit more towards Your shoulders just a hair and then you'll be able to flex your quads and glutes without them raising at all You also just be able to stay tighter overall, but overall guys to be honest I know I just said overall a few times Overall in its entirety this is a really really clean bench rest really a textbook bench press if you guys are looking to bench Follow my man right here. I wish I'd his Instagram. I'd shout him out because It's really really solid the setup's good There's multiple ways to set up some people like to set up from the bottom up Meaning what would they do is we'll pull more of their body behind the barbell right there in this position pulling yourself up Plant your feet and then plant your traps The other most common way is to which I do if you guys are seeing me bench press As I like to get my feet up onto the bench press I literally put them on the pad and I like to set my traps first and then with my hands Firm on the bar I wedge my traps into the pad and then I place my feet onto the ground and Continue to push myself into the barbell and almost wedge if my arms are totally locked I wedge my shoulders in between the pad and my arms as stiff boards Into the barbell if that makes sense and then I put my feet down Depending on the Federation if you want to compete or if you do compete The US AP all the IPF federations of that nature Forks you to keep your head down on the bench press and heels down onto the floor many other federations You can move your head and you can be on your toes. I don't think there's a lot of advantage for most There's a few but for most in moving your head I do think that for many people though being on your toes again can help that stability With the leg drive and pushing yourself onto your traps a little bit So if you can get onto your toes, you can then make the angle from your hip to your knee Greater and then you can flex your quads and glutes a little bit harder while still not wiggling around and keeping your glutes on the bench Just go over some common questions because my man here's bench needs no more help.  And then it can you keep your elbows and a proper elbows and wrists in a proper position? In relation to the barbell throughout the entire press again, that's gonna be underneath the barbell You want that forearm stacked and then also the elbow just in front of the barbell as you're pressing So I think a wider grip for most as wide as you can go Obviously, that's relative is going to be a little bit better because you can cut that range of motion just a hair But again, it's going to depend on the individual. We're moving on to the next one Can't tell if we're in slow-mo or if my man just moves a little slow So right here already off the jump I could just tell right we want to talk about Comparing it to the other one. We had our knees below our hips here We do not and what I can automatically tell me is if you look up the chain towards the upper body His shoulders are not in a tight position his shoulders are exposed and he's pressing a little bit with his shoulders The shoulder joint is very mobile, right? We have to reach above our head. We have to tie our shoes It moves in almost a 360 So that's the kind of the point of the scapular retraction or keeping your back tight Is we want to lock that shoulder joint in place and almost just press with our arms, right? So if you think about shrugging we shrug back and down as I mentioned and we want to keep that shoulder and back Tightness throughout the entire lift off press pause the entire set So right here my man's shoulders moving a little bit too much and his head as I mentioned I think it's very few that get away or take an advantage or get an advantage Excuse me of your moving head so two things my man that I really want you to work on I want you to work on finding a way there's two different ways of getting your knees below your hips One for you would be move your feet further out in a wide direction or to tuck them slightly back towards your butt The other thing we really need you to work on similar to a pull apart with a band or a face pull with a rope is We need to keep those shoulders retracted if you can get a lift off It's gonna be easiest to keep that shoulder tight the entire time That's why I recommend lift offs whenever we can because then you don't have to Overpress pressing with your shoulders press the bar out of the rack and then get in the position You can have someone lift it for you You can see right here his back isn't even too tight right now and then when he lifts it out of the rack His back gets even looser So what we can try to do is get a lift off You can see the shoulders are exposed right there That's going to cause one it can cause some shoulder pain It's putting a lot of stress onto the deltoid itself That's why an arch occurs sometimes because when we have that scapular attraction or our chest high and our back tight We get a little bit of an arch but more importantly The issue is is the stability in the shoulders you can control your elbows You can troll your barbell a little bit more when your shoulders are stable and that goes for all lists The more stable we are the more we can represent and show our strength and an unstable situation it's more difficult to Transfer the power in which case this is from your body pushing into that bench Or in the squat your legs pushing the ground if we're not stable if we're not tight As that the you know the term everyone screams. I'll get tight get tight.  He's got the sneakers match in the top even right there. You can tell his shoulders are exposed a little bit This weight looks very light for my man. He seems very strong two things again Leg positioning I'd like to see toes a little bit straighter It makes it a little bit easier to flex your quads and your glutes It's also going to put less stress on your knees in the long run So kicking your heels out and then pushing or excuse me pulling your heels back in towards your gluteus The other thing is even right there. You can see the shoulders are a little exposed They're a little pressed forward You can you guys can just even do it while you're sitting or standing or driving or what hopefully not driving But whatever you're doing watching this video You can move your shoulders forward and then we want to move our shoulders as far back as we can And we always want them as far back as we can Another thing I recommend for my man right here, although that grip looks fine and your elbows are in a decent position right there I Do think in the long run you'll be a little bit better off with a wider grip, especially once that back gets a little bit tighter I do like that You have a lift off because your shoulders don't change from your setup to your pressing But the shoulders weren't that tight to begin with so we need to everyone need to work on some pull-aparts and face Pulls find a sensation of scapular retraction and then we need to execute it on the bench press Shout out to my man's in the background doing the preacher crow get swole club Appreciate everybody for listening. Silent Mike tell your friends videos Tuesday Thursday Saturday Sunday. I'm out of here


Hello everyone, this is Arvin Mathirajah from ST Microelectronics and I'm very, very excited to be talking to you today. Welcome to this webinar on VI Power Intelligent Power Switches, high-side drivers, low-side drivers as well as brush DC motor drivers. I'm responsible for market development for ST's VI Power Technology and it's my pleasure this afternoon to share with you. What VI Power Technology is to introduce you to the product line and really to help you understand the features and the benefits so that you can leverage this technology to not just speed up your design cycle and design process but enhance the reliability of your design and to reduce the cost of your design especially for 12V, 24V DC applications. So let's get right into it. Before we talk a little bit about what VI Power is, I'd like to mention a few things. First and foremost, this process technology is qualified to the Automotive AEC-Q100 Electronics Stress Standard which is a very stringent standard for reliability, especially short circuit reliability when it comes to protected FET technology. And another very big benefit is that the VI Power products are guaranteed for 15-year production lifetime from the date of launch and quite frankly the M07 product family that we'll be talking about today was launched just a few years ago and so there's longevity to the technology and the product family that we will be discussing today. Also because of these products being used of course in non-automotive applications but also because of their application in the automotive space, we tend not to make changes to the die or the packaging therefore the front and the back end only because there's a lot of testing and qualification that's required and that benefit obviously transfers to you as the user. All VI Power products are designed to operate from minus 40 degrees Celsius up to 150 degrees Celsius, die temperature, junction temperature and they have extensive diagnostics features to improve the performance and the reliability of your design and therefore also very very applicable to safety critical applications and harsh operating conditions that you might find in medical or aerospace or transportation applications and of course even consume electronics for that matter. And we're very proud to say that for VI Power Technology ST is a market leader, we have over 50% market share and in the vertical power switch technology and we appreciate you attending this webinar and learning more about the technology and perhaps seeing as to how it can fit your needs today. So I'd like to start with the video that does a great job of introducing VI Power Technology to you and once the video is done I'll be right back here. Welcome back. So continuing right from where this maybe have a quick refresher on again what VI Power Technology is. Now if you were to take a MOSFET and use it as a power switch to maybe power up a load, maybe a heater coil or some kind of a lamp or light, whatever the case may be, there's a couple of things that we need. First we need a driving circuit to drive that MOSFET efficiently. Second we need to have circuitry to protect the MOSFET against destruction that could be caused by excessive current voltage or temperature. And then third we probably need some smart circuits around that as well to perform sensing to give us information in order to perform diagnostics and other protection functions and features that are based on intelligence. In order to do all of this there's a considerable amount of design effort, not to mention higher component count and a larger board space that's required. And therefore the assembly costs go up, the reliability of the design goes down and in order to provide a solution that eliminates all of the additional design and the overhead and the reliability, the loss of the reliability. What STVI Power Technology does is it integrates the power MOSFET along with a gate driver, protection circuits, sensing and diagnostics all into one package and in most cases one monolithic die as well. So using that technology we can then provide or create high side driver solutions or low side driver and HBrush driver solutions. So let's start with talking about our high side driver solutions. Well before that here we'd like to share a little bit about the evolution of VI Power Technology. In fact we're currently in the fourth generation event and approaching very quickly the fifth wave of innovation. VI Power Technology was introduced to the world in the early 90s and since then we've had a lot of innovation especially in terms of adding smarts through diagnostics but also in miniaturization. And therefore as you can see the ideas on area product which allows you to have smaller lithography for a given amount of power dissipation. That's absolutely been improving over the years and today we're currently in production with our M07 family which achieves significant miniaturization that we'll talk about. And of course we're on track to launching our M09 and M011 technology here in the next few years so we're very excited about that. Now what kind of applications and market spaces would VI Power be applicable to? Well really every industry that you can think of. Within the automotive space some of the primary applications would be motor control resulting in let's say or being used in sliding doors or sunroofs, window lifts, any kind of fans or pumps, seating etc. And then also power distribution in your body control module or your smart junction box and especially to control lighting, your front rear and interior lighting that could be light bulb or LED based and to actuate locks and solenoids. Now that can then extend to other industries as well in other markets such as aerospace, you know in the commercial space if there's any kind of LED lighting application or point of sale system, bending machines, beverage dispenses and so on or battery applied, battery powered appliances or tools. These would be great for use as integrated power solutions in those applications. And again building industrial, medical and like. So to start with high side drivers, what I'd like to do is maybe introduce the concept to you. Here if I can direct your attention to the diagram in the lower left corner, you'll see that there's a microcontroller and then there's an interface to this gray block here which is a high side driver. Now this high side driver has an integrated FET and has some very simple digital interfaces with the microcontroller. The most important being the input pin which allows you to turn on or turn off the FET that's within the high side driver. There is a multi-sense pin which is actually an analog feedback pin that's a current source and therefore you'd need a resistor to convert that to a voltage. And then you can use that analog feedback to identify current temperature and voltage of your driver. And I'll talk a little bit more about that in the next few slides here. There is a sense enable pin that enables or disables the multi-sense feature and then there's also various select pins depending on the number of channels in the package. So a given package as you can see we've got multiple packages here. A given package could have one channel, two channels or four channels meaning four power MOSFETs, fully protected MOSFETs in them. And the RDS on values or the on resistance of these FETs would vary from or range from 1.5 million to 140 million. So this gives you a lot of granularity and depending on the power that your load requires you may choose a FET that is appropriate for that specific load. And we'll talk about how to identify that. With the M07 family the operating voltage range is 4 volts to 28 volts DC. That means we offer full short circuit protection in that voltage range. And then for the M05T family that would cater to your 8 volt to 36 volt operating range and you'd have full short circuit protection there. For the M07 family the clamp voltage or the absolute maximum voltage is 41 volts. For the M05T family it's 58 volts. And you could drive loads up to 30 amps as a matter of fact. And all these switches have very very low quiescent current typically 0.5 microamps which is outstanding. Now in terms of the applications we already talked about it but typically if you've got a mechanical relay you want to replace or you want to drive a solenoid or a motor. You want to power up some kind of a heater or a light or a sensor. These would be ideal solutions for those needs. To talk about the diagnostics and protection that's built into the high side drivers. MultiSense which I mentioned to you earlier where you are able to glean information such as the current temperature and voltage. Definitely gives the microcontroller the information it needs to make smart decisions. But there's also built in diagnostics such as identification of a short to battery condition. Or if there is an open load or there's no load that exists. Both when the switch is turned on or when the switch is commanded to turn off or stay off. And the drivers are also designed to detect over temperature conditions or if there's a loss of ground or a loss of battery condition. In both cases the gate driver will shut off and stay off until reset. In terms of protection there is a variety of protections against transients, load dumps. Especially if you're in the transportation industry you'd be familiar with load dump scenarios. There's built in clamp for over voltage conditions as a shutdown for an under voltage condition. A lot of our hybrid packages have built in reverse polarity to protect the circuit within the driver. But perhaps most importantly there's a two stage current limit that essentially powers our enhanced power limitation strategy. Which I'd like to introduce to you now here in the next slide. So if I was to take a let's say a 20 milliohm driver for example. And turn it on to a load that is shorted. There will therefore be short circuit current which is fairly high current. And what would happen as you can see in this graph here to the top right hand side. Is that your current will rise instantaneously starting from zero may go all the way up to a very theoretical high limit. In this case there is a built in limit to the 20 milliohm switch which restricts the current or limits the current to 75 amps or around that value. Now as that current is limited there will eventually be a point where the temperature of the junction between the coldest part of the die being the logic area. And the hottest part of the die which is the power stage that junction temperature difference would exceed 60 degree C or 60 Kelvin. At that point the driver actually shuts off and waits for that delta temperature to drop below 40 degrees Celsius as you can see here. Once that happens the driver automatically turns back on in an auto restart manner. And if the short circuit condition persists eventually the delta temperature will again reach or exceed 60 degrees C and the driver will shut off. And it will do so until eventually if the microcontroller does not turn the driver off and the short circuit condition persists. Eventually the driver junction temperature will reach around 175 degrees C which we consider the shutdown threshold. And at that point the current limit that's built into the chip will actually be dropped from a high limit to a low limit. And the driver will automatically modulate itself at a frequency that allows it to maintain the power dissipation within the package and therefore protect it from a catastrophic failure. Now this is the way that the driver actually protects itself it's a phenomenal strategy and it's this particular operating scenario is called auto restart. Now there is another operating mode which we call latch off mode that is actually programmable or configurable via a pin called the fault reset pin.  But rather than restarting would actually stay off and therefore be latched off until the input pin is recycled or reset. In the latch off mode these drivers are designed and have been qualified to pass one million repetitive short circuit cycles which is great a performance per the automotive standard. It's absolutely excellent performance. The multi sense pin allows the user to glean information such as the current that the MOSFET is driving to the load the temperature of the die in within the package as well as the voltage at the drain pin which is typically your battery voltage.  And especially within these high side drivers there is a loss less current sensor meaning there's no shunt resistor for example where you would have power dissipation. Therefore it is there's no loss within the current sensing function and the accuracy would be 95% so typically 5% error which is great for a multitude of applications. Now in terms of temperature sensing it's fantastic to know the temperature of the of the die and therefore roughly the board as well when you're doing thermal profiling of your design. And optimizing your PCB design and also to understand what the temperature is so that you can calibrate your current sense accordingly because current sense accuracy actually varies as temperature drifts. So there's a lot of benefits to having this information. In terms of electromagnetic compatibility or EMI performance of the drivers a lot has been done to improve the gate drive functionality of the high side drivers from the previous generation. To start with the switching times are faster and the turn on and turn off times are actually symmetrical and therefore the rise and fall times are going to be constant with your PWM frequency that's excellent. And in terms of switching losses they've been a 10% improvement in switching losses compared to the previous generation as well as compared to a lot of the gate drivers or the high side drivers that are out there in the market. Because of the optimal edge shaping and the improved slew rates of the high side drivers we've been able to pass class 5 in the CISPA 25 EMI mission level or EMI standard. So really we have best in class thermal efficiency and electromagnetic emission performance. Now one of the unique features of the M07 family is the ultra small footprints for the given on resistance. As you can see there's three primary packages that a majority of the drivers are offered in. This is the power SSO 16 package which is very similar in size to the SO 8, your standard SO 8 package. It's a 20 millimeter squared area and typically you'd have your 8 mili ohm up to 140 mili ohm drivers in this package. And then you have your larger power SSO 36 package which is great for your low RDS on usually your four or three or one and a half mili ohm packages. And then there's also the octa pack which is similar to a deep pack with more pins that allows you to drive loads with a seven mili ohm or a four mili ohm driver. Now what's interesting is that compared to the previous generation, the third generation or M05 family, these packages are up to 75 percent smaller. And within the market the M07 high side driver family has the highest package density. So really this allows us to not only reduce the size of the packages but also the cost of the packages. Another thing that I'd like to mention here is as you can see in here the left hand side there's a scale that shows you the junction to ambient thermal resistance. Meaning how much temperature rise could you expect to see for one watt of power being dissipated by the package. So for example if I was using a 50 mili ohm high side driver to drive a three amp load, power is calculated by I squared R. So current times current times resistance. If the driver is 50 mili ohms at room temperature which is 25 degrees C, typically at very high temperatures, let's say at around 125 degrees C, that would, the junction temperature, the RDS on would double typically to let's say 100 mili ohm. So three amps times three amps times 100 mili ohms gives you .9 watts. Just let's say close to round it up and let's say close to one watt. At that point if this driver was driving a load where the ambient temperature was around 85 degrees C and that 50 mili ohm driver was in a power SSO 16 package, you would expect to see around a 21 degrees or 20 degrees C rise over that ambient temperature which means 85 degrees C plus 20 degrees C. You would end up at about 105 degrees Celsius. So we typically like to keep the junction temperature to less than 125 degrees C only because at that point even though the junction can handle it, maybe the FR4 material on your circuit board may not be able to. And so that is how you would be able to identify what kind of driver and package to employ in your design. The M07 product family has actually been designed as a family. So there's a lot of flexibility and scalability in terms of the pinout and in terms of the RDS on. So if you were to look at a 10 mili ohm driver in a power SSO 16 package, a 140 mili ohm driver would also be in a power SSO 16 package with the exact same pinout and all of the drivers in between in the RDS on range. This allows you to keep the same PCB layout but use different drivers and packages depending on the needs of the application. So you could have multiple revisions or you could use the board in multiple different designs depending on your end load requirements. So in a single channel package for example, pins 29 through 32 would not be connected. But if you were to use a dual channel package for the same RDS on, for example a VN750 versus a VND750 which is a dual channel package, they would be pin to pin compatible. In terms of nomenclature for our high side drivers, any ST part number starting with VN is used to identify a VI power part. The number seven after the letter, if it's a D it's a dual channel Q quad channel. That number seven after that letter identifies the generation or the technology, in this case M07 would be the number seven. And then the three digits following that would be the RDS on. So 140 mili ohm switch would be 140 or a 50 mili ohm switch would be 050 and so on. So here's a quick look at all the products that are available in the M07 family. As you can see closer 25 parts here and there's a lot of granularity. And this allows the user to optimize or optimally select the right driver without compromising on the cost to be able to drive a given load. And you also have cost savings that can be achieved by using multi-channel packages, not to mention that these multi-channel packages also utilize less space on your board. All of these numbers here on the bottom regarding the amount of current that the drivers can handle are calculated based on a four-layer board given 85 degree Celsius ambient operating temperature. And this would be the maximum continuous current that a given driver could drive given these conditions. So you could probably drive more if the ambient temperature was lower or if you provided even better heat sinking than having a four-layer board. I'd also like to introduce you to the M07 enhanced driver portfolio, which is brand new. These will be launched shortly here in the next quarter of 2018. We have added a few more part numbers, therefore further increasing the offering within our high-side driver family. And what's unique about the M07E or enhanced products is that they operate down to 2.85V versus 4V with the standard M07 drivers. They have improved thermal packaging parameters and more importantly, a superior current sense position as well. Typically, you would get a few percentage points of improvement in your accuracy. We also have our ViPower zero or what we call the Vibzero family, which allows you to pack in very, very low RDS on drivers in small packages and these would be great drivers for use in applications such as powering up high power heaters or replacing high current relays, power distribution for high power loads, high current loads, as well as motors. And they do have extended current sensing features. A lot of them do, as you can see by the magenta color dot. And what that means is that you have improved current sense accuracy even towards the lower current ranges of the driver. And they all operate down to 2.85V as well. We do have a product line with the M05T high-side switch family which caters to 24V applications, typically industrial and transportation sectors where if you're looking at off-road equipment, agricultural equipment or controllers where 24V is nominal, 36V is the maximum voltage to guarantee short circuit protection, and the clamping voltage is 58V. We're also capable of handling much higher inductive energy and therefore very suitable for circuits where there are longer leads or where you're driving high-inductance loads. As you can see we have drivers that can drive 2.5A up to 11.5, maybe 12A given the same conditions we talked about in the previous slides. Okay, very excited to share with you the launch of VI Power M07 SPI multi-channel high-side drivers. And what's unique about the SPI drivers is the communication and control of the drivers within the packages is done via a serial peripheral interface or a serial communication bus, digital bus, versus using just simple direct digital inputs or logic inputs. This is very useful. If you have a design where you have a multitude of channels or loads that you want to control, let's say 10, 15, 20 loads, you definitely want to use multi-channel drivers to reduce your board space and to more importantly reduce the number of IOs that are needed on your microcontroller in order to control those channels. So for example, if you had 20 channels you wanted to drive, you could use 5 packages of our quad-channel SPI drivers, the VNQ7003, VNQ7004, or our 5-channel VNP7008, which have different RDSons per channel and you can use those as needed for your design. There is also the benefit of having improved diagnostic capability for all of these channels because you now have a serial communication interface. Here's a block diagram of a typical 4-channel SPI driver. As you can see, there is this logic block here where you can control, you know, bulb versus LED mode that affects your open load detection. Also, there is, you know, current sense feedback and control of the blocking time of your high-side drivers, you know, controlling the slew rate. All of this can be done via SPI, which is an 8-bit or a 16-bit, you know, depending on what you configure it to be at a 4MHz rate. There is also what we call LIMP home functionality. And what LIMP home functionality allows the user to do is to control directly these channels through digital logic pins in the event that the SPI driver or the SPI bus for some reason drops and there is no serial communication between the microcontroller and the multi-channel high-side driver package. This is very, very important for, you know, safety-critical applications where you would need some kind of robust backup in the case that the communication bus drops. And as I mentioned to you, there is very much like the other high-side drivers. There is very low standby current and this complies with the Sysper 25 standard and the AEC-Q100 standard that we mentioned earlier on. So, to talk a little bit about the high-side drivers in action, again, they're used in a plethora of applications. I mentioned beverage dispensers or multi-purpose load boards or power distribution boxes. You know, solid state solutions basically driving lights and, you know, valves and solenoids and fans and such. Okay, now to talk a little bit about the VI Power low-side drivers, specifically our OmniFET3 family. OmniFET3 uses M05 technology and a low-side driver is different from a high-side driver, only in that the low-side driver has its source connected to ground versus the load in the case of a high-side driver and the drain pin is actually connected to the load versus the DC bus in the case of a high-side driver. The interface is also simpler. There is an input pin and there is a digital status feedback pin if you so choose to use it and there are single-channel and dual-channel packages. The three-pin versions are great for replacing your standard FET. Typically, if you're using a SOT223 package, a three-lead low-side driver, you could replace that with the protected version, which is the OmniFET3 driver. The clamp voltage is 41 volts, but you would still have the built-in current and power limitation and the over-temperature protection. Now, if there is a need to get diagnostic information such as an open load or a short to ground or if there is an over-temperature condition, then you could use and you design the five-pin version that comes with that status pin. Here is our product offering for the OmniFET3 low-side driver family. As you can see, again, a very robust offering ranging from one amp up to seven amps. The seven-amp driver, which is a 10-milli-ohm driver, comes in a PowerSOT10 package, which is part of our OmniFET2 family. A VNL designator is used for low-side drivers and the rest of the nomenclature, the numbering scheme, is the same. Excellent. We appreciate your attention so far and I'm excited to talk to you about a very, very important topic and also the last topic of our presentation here today, the VI-powered H-bridge motor drivers. If you want to take two high-side and channel FETs and two low-side and channel FETs such as our high-side drivers and low-side drivers and put them in a bridge configuration, add some controls, you can now drive a brush DC motor or two unidirectional motors or multiple motors in a cascaded fashion depending on how you configure these drivers. Very, very flexible in terms of configurability and they have the same features as our high-side drivers do. The operation range for voltage is 4 volts to 28 volts with full short circuit protection. We have 8 mili ohm to 200 mili ohm drivers and that would be the combination of your high-side and low-side. So 8 mili ohm would mean your high-side driver and your low-side driver would be 8 mili ohm path. All of these drivers are capable of being pulsed modulated or switched at a rate of 20 kilohertz and have very, very low standby current at the range of three microamps. And most importantly, lossless current sensor that I mentioned to you when I was talking about the high-side drivers is a built-in feature called current mirroring that allows you to identify the current through the high-side drivers of these H-bridge drivers allowing you to perform torque or speed control of your motor very, very effectively with high accuracy. There is also the same current and power limitation that you would come to expect of VI power technology with thermal shutdown protection and added cross conduction protection to prevent the high-side driver and the low-side driver of the same leg from ever turning on because that would be catastrophic. It would be a short-circuit condition. All these inputs are not just 5 volt but also 3 volt CMOS compatible. Okay, let's talk about the general application scheme for these H-bridge drivers. And I'd like to direct your attention to the blog diagram over here. As you can see, there are four switches in the H-bridge package. Two high-sides and two low-sides all are N-channel FETs. If you were to turn on high-side A and low-side B at the same time, current would flow in a particular direction, causing the motor to spin, let's say, in a clockwise direction. If you were to turn on high-side B and low-side A, current would flow in the reverse or opposite direction, causing the motor to spin in the opposite direction. If you were to turn on both high-sides at the same time, leaving the low-sides off, that would essentially cause the motor to slow down and stop, or essentially that's a way to break the motor. You could do the same by turning on both the low-sides on at the same time with the high-sides off. You never want the high-side and the low-side of the same leg to turn on at the same time and therefore you do have built-in cross conduction protection to prevent that from happening.  Input A controls the high-side driver A, input B controls high-side driver B. And the PWM pins control the opposite low-side driver. So in order for me to allow current to be conducted in, let's say, the forward direction, I would have input A turned on and the PWM pin would then drive low-side B. Also, I could use the select pins to select the desired feedback on the multi-sense pin if I'm looking for the current to the temperature or the voltage of the high-side drivers. I can choose to do that using a truth table that's available in the datasheet and by selecting logically through the select zero and the select one pin, selecting those states logically. We also encourage having a blocking capacitor, which is recommended for, you know, just filtering out ripple and voltage transients that you typically see on the supply because of the load that the motor would put on to that bus. The multi-sense pin, as I mentioned to you, provides, you know, a current that's proportional to the load, but also the temperature and the voltage feedback. And this would then be converted to a voltage using an external sense resistor. There is a multi-sense enable pin that allows you to actually disable multi-sense on one driver in the event that you want to get sense feedback from another driver sharing the same ADC input pin. Therefore, you could use multiple HBRIS drivers but only have one ADC pin and still be able to look at, you know, sensor information from any one of those drivers just by disabling or enabling the multi-sense pin on the rest of the drivers. Here is a roadmap and a product offering for our VNH family, the VI Power HBRIS family. As you can see, we have M05, M07, and even M09 products are available. The M09 VNH9013 is really the power stage only. It does not have the protection and the controls yet. But all of our M07 HBRIS drivers, which are brand new in the market, have all the features that I described to you. And I would also like to take this opportunity to talk about our low-OMIC HBRIS drivers here on the next slide. But as you can see, before going there, you could use integrated drivers to drive, you know, a continuous motor load of 2 amps all the way up to 10 amps, maybe even higher depending on the operating ambient temperature and the heat sinking that's provided. So to talk about our low-OMIC HBRIS. What's different about the low-OMIC HBRIS from the rest of the HBRIS driver family is that instead of having four switches all integrated into one package, we have two high-side switches in a package and two low-side gate drivers. So you don't have the power MOSFET within the package, but you have the gate drivers which would drive an external power MOSFET, allowing you to essentially distribute the power that's being dissipated into three different packages or maybe two if you're using a dual low-side FET and therefore achieving better thermal performance on your circuit board. Our VNHD 7008 has a dual 8-milli ohm high-side driver and VNHD 7012 has a dual 12-milli ohm high-side driver and using conjunction with external low-side FETs, you can drive fairly high power motors up to 180 watts. They all are 20 kHz PWM compatible and they also have in fact an additional charge pump output in the occasion or the case where you want to drive, for example a reverse battery protection MOSFET. Talking about motor drivers in action, there's many, many different applications that the H-bridge drivers can be used in. We talked about seat control, we talked about power lift, gate locks, latches, bed lifts for example in the hospital environment, agricultural seat planters or sprinklers to controlling any kinds of valves or multi-direction motors, instructional robots, 3D printers, vacuum cleaners, really any application that uses a DC brushed motor. Okay, to wrap up I'd like to talk about some resources that you could use to evaluate and design in VI power technology and VI power parts into your application. To start with we have easy boards. They're very simple small boards with the respective parts ordered onto the board, whether it's a high-side driver or an H-bridge driver, along with all the resistors that you need in order to interface with the microcontroller. There's a simple breakout pattern and a header connector so that you can connect your load and also connect your microcontroller and just test and evaluate the part and its performance thermally and also the logical performance for the diagnostics and protection. As you can see there is an EV-prefix for getting a respective eval board for a given part so if you're looking for an easy board for the VNQ7140 you would essentially order the EV-VNQ7140AJ you can get it through your distributor or directly online on ST.com slash automotive underscore eval boards. We also have flyers and brochures, many many application nodes, design guides, manuals, CAD models for all of our parts and there's also product selection guides and matrices. All of these are available on the resources page of the VI Power Parts and you can also use the ST SmartSelector tool for VI Power products. You can either scan the QR code on the screen right here or go to ST.com slash SmartCell dash VI Power. It's a very simple three-step process that allows you to identify the right part of your design. In fact there's a video that I'd like to play that walks you through the selected tool. Also you could download an app on your Android phone or iPhone through the Play Store or the App Store, search for ST VI Power and you have the same tool available on your mobile platform. Finally, to wrap up we have our Twister Simulator which is a very powerful electro-thermal simulator at state-of-the-art, absolutely cutting edge, the only one of its kind in the market and we launched it very recently, you could download it on ST.com slash Twister Sim. I have a video that I'd like to play here which talks about this tool and once that's done I'll come back and wrap up. This is a device that is used in VI Power technology that allows complex evaluations with accurate dynamic simulations of load compatibility, wiring harness optimization, fault condition impact analysis, diagnostic behavior analysis and dynamic thermal performance. Simulation results including junction and case thermal profiles, load current and diagnostic behavior are known on dedicated scopes views or exported in a number of different commonly used formats in just a few clicks. Twister Sim has an interactive selector that pre-selects suitable devices based on first level system requirements and it assists in describing your actual system configuration with layout, load and driving profile customization to build an accurate model of the final application. Let's try a real example of product selection and simulating its electrical and thermal characteristics using Twister Sim. Click on interactive selector button and enter your typical and maximum supply voltages, device topology, number of channels, load type and load characteristics. A PWM source type is typically selected for LED or lighting applications where brightness control is desired or for motor applications where speed or torque control is desired. If no switching is required for the load, select DC. Now set ambient temperature and PCB dissipation area information. All information is automatically displayed by Twister Sim to pre-select suitable devices capable of meeting the requirements. Newer devices and devices that better match your conditions are reported first. The colored labels give a first feedback of expected maximum operating junction temperature. The presence of the Twister Sim logo indicates the availability of simulation models. If the selected device is among those having a simulation model, it is possible to export the selected device and application information into the simulation section. Let's select, for example, the N7140AS. Press the export button to proceed. At this stage, you can further customize your project parameters. You can modify line in, line out, then DC or PWM, loads, resistors, RC load, RL load and lamps. Simulation parameters such as duration and step size. Now it's time to press the simulation button to launch your simulation. A progress bar shows its progress status. At the end of the simulation, Twister Sim automatically opens a scope view to display the simulation results. However, a plot button becomes active as well during the simulation to check the results while the simulation is in progress. Now you can customize the data displayed in different plots according to your needs. Adding new plots. Adding a new curve in a plot. Adding a new function. Adding a new curve. Zooming an area of interest. At the end of the simulation, you can save and export simulation data in different formats to facilitate result analysis. Thank you for your attention. Excellent. We hope that that video added value to you and that it's inspired you to go to ST.com slash Twister Sim and download the evaluation version. Of course, you can get the free version once you follow the screen instructions. It's a very simple registration process where you enter your details. You'll get an unlock code for free and then you could use the full version as well. But that concludes our presentation for today. Again, thank you very much for attending and thank you for your attention.