Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32 Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter Interface. It covers the main features of this USART interface, which is widely used for serial communications in embedded systems. The USART is a very flexible serial module that supports asynchronous UART communication, SPI, or Serial Peripheral Interface Master Mode, LIN, or Local Interconnect Network Mode. It can also interface with ISO, IEC 7816 smart cards, and IRDA devices. It also provides certain features that are useful when implementing modbus communications. Applications making use of the USART benefit from the easy and inexpensive connection between devices, which only requires a few pins. In addition, the USART peripheral is functional in low power modes. The USART is a fully programmable serial interface, featuring programmable data length, parity, number of stop bits, data order, baud rate generator, and configurable oversampling mode by 8 or by 16. You also have the option to use basic RS232 flow control with CTS or clear to send, and RTS or request to send signals. The RS485DE, or driver-enabled signal, is also supported. The USART supports a dual clock domain, allowing wake-up from stop mode and baud rate programming independent of the peripheral clock, or PCLK. This allows the peripheral clock to be throttled, along with the core clock, without disrupting communications. The USART features a multi-processor mode, which allows the USART to remain idle when it is not addressed. In addition to full-duplex communication, single-wire half-duplex mode is also supported. The USART also offers many other features, including auto-baud rate detection, receiver time-out, and support several modes which will be described later in the presentation. This is the USART block diagram. The USART clock, FCK, can be selected from several sources. System clock, peripheral clock, or APB clock, the high-speed internal 16 MHz RC oscillator, or the low-speed external 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator. TX and RX are used for data transmission and reception. NCTS and NRTS are used for RS-232 hardware flow control. The driver-enable, or DE, which is available on the same I.O. as NRTS, is used in the RS-485 mode. The clock output, or SCLK, is dual on purpose. When the USART is used in synchronous master mode, the clock provided to the slave device is output on the SCLK pin. When the USART is used in smart card mode, the clock provided to the card is output on the SCLK pin. The USART has a flexible clocking scheme. Its clock source can be selected in the RCC, and can be either the PCLK, or peripheral clock, which is the default clock source, or the HSI-16, LSE, or system clock. The registers are accessed through the APB bus, and the kernel is clocked with FCK, which is independent from the APB clock. The USART receiver implements different user-configurable oversampling techniques for data recovery by discriminating between valid incoming data and noise. This allows a trade-off between the maximum communication speed and noise clock inaccuracy immunity. Select oversampling by 8 to achieve higher speed, up to SCLK divided by 8, where SCLK is the USART clock source frequency. In this case, the maximum receiver tolerance to clock deviation is reduced. Select oversampling by 16 over 8 equals 0 to increase the tolerance of the receiver to clock deviations. In this case, the maximum speed is limited to SCLK divided by 16. The maximum bot rate that can be reached is 10 megabot, when the clock source is at 80 MHz and oversampling by 8 is configured. With other clock sources and or higher oversampling ratio, the maximum speed is limited. The frame format used in asynchronous mode consists of a set of data bits, in addition to bits for synchronization and optionally a parity bit for error checking. The USART supports 7, 8, or 9-bit data lengths. A frame starts with one start bit, where the line is driven low for one bit period. This signals the start of a frame and is used for synchronization. The start bit is followed by 7, 8, or 9 data bits. If parity control is enabled, the parity bit is transmitted as the last data bit and is included in the data length count. Finally, a number of stop bits, 0, 1, 1.5, or 2, where the line is driven high, end the frame. The standard frame was described in the previous slide. This slide shows an example of 8-bit data frames configured with one stop bit. An idle character is interpreted as an entire frame of ones. The number of ones will include the number of stop bits. A break character is interpreted as receiving zeros for a frame period. At the end of the break frame, two stop bits are inserted. The USART supports full duplex communication, where TX and RX lines are respectively connected with the other interfaces, RX and TX lines. The USART can be configured to follow a single wire half-duplex protocol, where the TX and RX lines are internally connected. In this communication mode, only the TX pin is used for both transmission and reception. The TX pin is always released when no data is transmitted. Thus, it acts as a standard I.O. in idle or reception modes. This means that the I.O. must be configured so that TX is configured as alternate function open drain with an external pull-up. In RS-232 communication, it is possible to control the serial data flow between two devices by using the NCTS and the NRTS output. These two lines allow the receiver and the transmitter to alert each other of their state. The following figure shows how to connect two devices in this mode. The idea is to prevent dropped bytes or conflicts in case of half-duplex communication. Both signals are active low. For serial half-duplex communication protocols like RS-485, the master needs to generate a direction signal to control the transceiver or physical layer. This signal informs the physical layer if it must act in send or receive mode. In RS-485 mode, a control line is used. The driver-enabled pin is used to activate the external transceiver control. DE shares the pin with NRTS. To simplify communication between multiple processors, the USART supports a multiprocessor mode. In multiprocessor communication, it is desirable that only the intended message recipient should actively receive the message. The devices not being addressed are put into mute mode. The USART can enter or exit from mute mode using one of two methods, idle line detection or address mark detection. The USART can also communicate synchronously. It can operate as an SPI in master mode with programmable clock polarity or CPOL and phase or CPHA. The clock is output on the SCLK pin. No clock pulses are provided during the start and stop bits. The USART can be used in smart card mode based on a half-duplex communication. The clock is output to the smart card on the SCLK pin. It supports the T equals zero protocol and provides many features allowing support for T equals one. Both direct and inverse conventions are supported directly by hardware. The USART supports IRDE specifications, which is a half-duplex communication protocol. The data from and to the USART is represented in an NRZ or non-return to zero format, where the signal value is at the same level through the entire bit period. For IRDA, the required format is RZI, return to zero inverted, where a one is signaled by holding the line low and a zero is signaled by a short high pulse. The SIR transmit encoder modulates the non-return to zero or NRZ transmit bitstream output from USART. The SIR received encoder demodulates the return to zero bitstream from the infrared detector and outputs the received NRZ serial bitstream to the USART. The USART only supports bit rates up to 115.2 kilobits per second for the SIR end deck. In normal mode, the transmitted pulse width is specified as 3 sixteenths of a bit period. The USART receiver is able to detect and automatically configure the BOD rate based on the reception of one character. The received character can be a character starting with a bit at one. In this case, the USART measures the duration of the start bit, falling edge to rising edge. Any character starting with a 10XX pattern. In this case, the USART measures the duration of the start and of the first data bit. The duration is measured from falling edge to falling edge, ensuring better accuracy in the case of slow signal slopes. 0X7F character frame. In this case, the BOD rate is updated first at the end of the start bit, then at the end of bit 6. Or a 0X55 character frame. In this case, the BOD rate is updated first at the end of the start bit, then at the end of the bit, and finally at the end of bit 6. In parallel, another check is performed for each intermediate transition of the RX line. The USART supports a receiver timeout feature. When the USART doesn't receive new data for a programmed amount of time, a receiver timeout event is signaled and an interrupt is generated, if enabled. The USART receiver timeout counter starts counting from the end of the first stop bit, in case of 1 and 1.5 stop bit configuration. From the end of the second stop bit, in case of 2 stop bit configuration. And from the beginning of the stop bit, in case of 0.5 stop bit configuration. The USART is able to wake up the MCU from stop mode when the USART clock source is the HSI 16 or LSE clock. The sources of wake up can be a start bit, address match, or any received data. Several events can provide an interrupt. The transmit data register empty flag is set when the transmit data register is empty and ready to be written. The transmit complete flag is set when the data transmission is complete and both data and shift registers are empty. The CTS flag is set when the NCTS input toggles. The receive data register not empty flag is set when the receive data register contains data ready to be read. The idle line flag is set when an idle line is detected. The character match flag is set when the received data corresponds to the programmed address. The receiver timeout flag is set when there is no activity on the RX line for a programmed duration. The end of block flag is set when a complete block is received. The wake up from stop mode flag is set when the wake up event is verified. The DMA request can be generated when receive buffer not empty or transmit buffer empty flags are set. Several error flags can be generated. The overrun error flag is set when an overrun error occurs. The parity error flag is set when a parity error occurs. The framing error flag is set when a framing error occurs. The noise error flag is set when a noise is detected on the received frame. The auto-baud rate error flag is set when the baud rate measurement failed. The USART peripheral is active in run and low power run, sleep and low power sleep modes. The I2C interrupts cause the device to exit sleep or low power sleep modes. The USART is able to wake up the MCU from stop zero or stop one mode when the USART clock is set to HSI 16 or LSE. The MCU can be awakened from stop zero or stop one mode using either a standard RXNE interrupt or a WUF event. In stop two, the device is not able to perform any communication. In standby and shutdown modes, the peripheral is in power down and it must be reinitialized after exiting standby or shutdown mode. The STM32L4 devices embed five instances. USART 1, 2 and 3 have a full set of features. Instances 4 and 5 do not support synchronous and smart card modes. This is a list of peripherals related to the USART. Please refer to these peripheral trainings for more information if needed. General Purpose, Inputs and Outputs, Reset and Clock Controller, Power Controller, Interrupts Controller and Direct Memory Access Controller.


So let's take a look at another topic, which is known as factoring. So this is something you've probably already seen in other contexts, but here's a reminder of how this works. First of all, this is based on the distributive property that a times quantity b plus or minus c is a times b plus or minus a times c. Now the important thing to observe here is on the left-hand side, again, the type of expression that we have is determined by the last thing that we do. So over here on the left-hand side, parentheses say do this stuff first, then I have a multiplication. So over on the left-hand side, I have a product. Over on the right-hand side, again, the type of expression is determined by the last thing you do. So here I have a multiply, I have a multiply, order of operations say do that first, and then I have an addition or subtraction. So on the left-hand side, I have a product. On the right-hand side, I have a sum or difference. And here's the key thing to remember. When we use the distributive property to go from a product to a sum or difference, we say that we're expanding the expression, and if we use the distributive property to go from a sum or difference to a product, we are factoring. In general, when we say to factor, what we want to do is we actually want to factor into expressions where the coefficients are rational numbers. Their coefficients are rational coefficients. So let's take a look at this. And here's probably the one and most important type of factoring, which is our removing of a common factor. So a little bit of analysis goes a long way, and the thing to notice here is the type of expression we have, again, let's check it out, order of operations, exponents first, exponents first, multiply next, multiply next. Finally, last thing we do is we subtract. So this is a difference, and so we want to use the distributive property to transform a difference into a product. So for convenience, I might write out my distributive property this way, A times B minus C is the same as AB minus AC, and I'll go ahead and compare my two expressions. So paper is cheap, understanding is priceless. So let's write out each of my terms. So 6x cubed, that's really 6x cubed is x times x times x, and x squared is 12x times x. So these are my terms written out, paper is cheap. And let's take a look at this. So I'm going to compare the distributive property to what I have, and the thing I might see is that I need something that's going to appear in both of the terms of my difference, and I have this xx in both terms. So A is this xx, and then B is whatever is going to be left over. So if I ignore the xx, I have a 6x left over here, and in the other expression, I have a 12 left over, and so I can remove a common factor of xx. And so I'll take that common factor out, and so there's my distributive property, AAB times AC. I'll remove that common factor, and what I have left over, 6x minus 12, and it's helpful, but not absolutely necessary to remove any common constant factors as well. So here, both 6 and 12 are multiples of 6, 12 is 6 times 2. So again, I have that additional common factor to both. Both of these have a 6 in them, so I can remove that 6 as well. And finally, I'll restore my exponential notation, xx is x squared, and there's my factorization. Well, let's take a look at another example. Here I have a couple of terms there, and again, paper is cheap, understanding is priceless, and again, I have a sum of things. The last thing I do here is I add things. I have a sum, and I can factor by turning this sum into a product. So let's go ahead and take a look at that, and I have this x cubed y, xxxy, xy squared, xyy, xy cubed, xxyy, and I'll write things out without exponents, and I'll look for things that I have in common to all of them. And here we have to be a little bit more careful. Let's see, everything has at least one y, and everything has at least one x in them. So it appears that the common factor is going to be xy. So xy appears in this, xy leaves xx, xy leaves y, xy from here leaves xyy, and this xy appears in all three terms. So I can factor that out from all three terms, leaving this and restoring my exponents looks something like that. And again, quit check, this is an important idea. I have transformed this sum into a product. So again, last thing I do on the right-hand side, parentheses, do this stuff first times xy. Well, let's take a look at something else. So again, it is helpful to look at the expression and see what we have. Order of operation says do stuff inside parentheses first. Order of operation says do the implied multiplications next. Order of operation says the last thing I do is I'm going to add these things together. So I'm adding, and I can factor. So I want to transform this sum into a product. And if only I found something that was a common factor in both terms that I'm adding. Oh wait, x minus 4 appears in both. So I can remove x minus 4 from both. And so that common factor x minus 4 comes out. What's left over x plus 8 plus x squared plus 4x minus 5. So that's x minus 4 times the rest of this. So I can do a little bit of algebraic cleanup. This x squared plus 4x minus 5 plus x plus 8. So that's going to be x squared x plus 4x that's 5x. 8 minus 5 is 3. And so there's my factorization of this expression equal to this. Now, here's an important thing to check. I should at the end of factoring have a product. And so on the right hand side, again order of operation says do this first, do this first, multiply, and that's the last thing we have to do. This is actually a product, so we have done a factorization. And I'll emphasize that by giving a bad example at the very last. So again, I want to transform a sum or difference into a product. And in this case, I might say, ah, well, those first two terms have this common factor of x. So I'll remove it. And there's my factorization. Well, no, not really. It is true that x squared minus 5x minus 8 can be written x times x minus 5 minus 8. The problem is it's not a factorization. Again, let's take a look at the type of expression we have. Parenthesis say do this first, then order of operation says do the multiplication, and then do the subtraction. The type of expression is determined by the last thing that we do. And so the last thing that we did is subtract. This is a difference. This is a subtraction. It is not a product, and because it's not a product, it's not a factorization. So we have not factored. We have turned this difference into a difference.


What's going on guys? It's your boy DPJ here today for another Destiny video. Now before we get into the video I just want to say to you guys I apologize for not uploading in the past three or four days.  I hope you guys had an amazing Christmas and a happy new year to the Light Year. Now this video is a top five ice breaker drop freak out reactions. Headphone users may want to turn on that volume just a little bit but if you enjoyed the video hitting that like button is much appreciated. Can we reach 4,000 likes? That'd be absolutely epic if we could. Hope you guys enjoyed the video and I'll catch you on that next one. You really think so? I would say somewhere between 10 and 15 percent. 10 and 15 percent you say? Yeah. Alright I'm gonna press it. Three, two, one.    Oh my god! Oh my god! No! No! There's no credits. Oh my god! Killer, killer, killer, killer, killer, killer! My dick!  Oh I didn't get any loot rewards. I was at my throat. I was at my throat. I was back. I was back.    I should be hyped about that. I just realized we're just slitting away at the ruckus. I guess I just recognize. Thought you got this.   We barely had that not even gonna lie striker void walker combo for the win I got the icebreaker. Oh my god.


Users of Nothing Phone 2, an Android phone, are going to get access to Apple iMessaging starting Friday, November 17th, at least if you're in North America or Europe. They have partnered with Sunbird. Sunbird operates a server farm of Mac Minis that it uses to sign you into an Apple account. It sends your message from that machine over an encrypted connection to the Sunbird app on your phone. Sunbird and Nothing both say that messages are never stored at any point. They're just passing them along for you. But you do have to log in on that remote machine with your Apple login.  It says it's encrypted, but you don't really know what's going on behind the scenes.


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Hi, welcome to nursing school explain and today's video on blood transfusions Please keep in mind that there's also another video that specifically goes over any possible adverse reactions to blood transfusions And this video gives you a basic overview of the different types of blood products We can administer as well as to their indications and associated nursing care, which is always super important So let's first look at what different types of blood products that are available So over here if a patient donates a unit of blood it basically is considered whole blood So that whole blood the patient donates that goes into the back is considered whole blood Now in the lab, but it's prepared. We can basically distinguish between Reds red cells as well as plasma if you've ever worked at a lab or seen a lab Or any kind of blood spilling, you know that those through in the centrifuge When the blood separates we have the red cells and then on top the liquid portion The kind of yellow serum portion, which is also called the plasma and the plasma contains three different Components which are platelets of human and cryoprecipitate. So we can really transfuse any one of these and Also, plasma as a whole and then it would contain platelets of human as well as cryoprecipitate or just each one of those So let's look at those in more detail here RBCs or packed red cells as there are many times referred to are probably the most commonly Transfused blood product the indications would be anemia or acute blood loss, which is also a type of anemia but keep in mind that also pertains to leukemia any of the blood disorders and Any kind of acute blood loss that might occur and one unit of blood typically contains between 250 and 350 milliliters and It has the ability to increase the patient's hemoglobin by about one gram per deciliter So why about one point many times the rules at many hospitals are That the patient needs to have a transfusion once the hemoglobin Drops below seven or eight depending on the overall circumstances So as you can see the patient depending on if they are male or female Typically, you know more hemoglobin level as anywhere between 12 and 16 So they could need multiple units to bring the level back up to where they should be and one unit of Red blood cells replaces about 500 milliliters of blood loss and that is because it's not only The red cells that we're losing if we have an acute blood loss But we're also having the plasma which will then regenerate itself from the bone marrow And for packed red cells there is also a product called buccal side reduction or a process that the blood can go through which Decreases the adverse reaction for patients who do require frequent transfusions because of their specific medical condition now platelets Are a part of the plasma as we can see over here but the lab again can filter out only the platelets and The treatment indication is thrombocytopenia. So low platelets count and One unit of platelets can increase the platelets by about 5,000 and one donor can donate multiple units the platelet bags usually are a lot smaller than the packed cells making anywhere from 50 to 100 mls Then we can also give the patient FFP or fresh frozen plasma and that now is that serum the whole serum component from the whole blood So it includes flintlets of human as well as cryoprecipitate and other minor things And it is a liquid portion of the whole blood and it treats coagulation factor deficiencies because it Contains the cryo precipitate and it is many times used in the emergency reversal of an elevated PT or INR When when that reversal is needed and when the patient has an increased risk for bleeding So that for example might be a patient who is on an Anticoagulant for whatever reason and now they have a fall or a trauma and they require Some sort of surgery an example is a patient who is on coagulant for atrial fibrillation And now they have a hip fracture and they require surgery Well the fresh frozen plasma replaces coagulation factors and the platelets that the anticoagulant kind of tries to Modify and so by replacing if the patient will be ready for surgery sooner Then they would if there would just be watchful waiting until the body regenerates their Their their plasma portion and the coagulation factors that we want to make sure are within normal limits before we send them to the operating room The other portion here that we can administer is up human and Up human keep in mind is this plasma protein that helps pull the fluid or hold the fluid in the Intravascular space so up human about 25 grams per deciliter equals 500 mls of plasma or similarity because it has that ability to pull the fluid into the Intravascular space it causes the fluid shift from the extra vascular or interstitial space into the intravascular space and Reasons that we need it is typically because the blood pressure is low such as in hyperbolemic shock or any condition where the Oblution level would be low so patients with malnutrition for example Patients with a lot of pitting edema because of congestive heart failure if their albumin is low and those kinds of disorders and In the last component is cryoprecipitate and that is the last component here from the plasma from the serums Section of the blood and it replaces coagulation factors only most of the time it's used to replace factor 8 one with a branch disease or Fibrinogen and a condition here specifically where we need to replace Fibrinogen is DIC or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy Which is a sequence of events that can occur due to multiple conditions and puts the patient in a very critical Bleeding state so then in order to give them these coagulation factors as well as the Fibrinogen is going to be super important Now the other thing that I brought out over here are recipients and donors so what recipient can receive blood from what donor and it goes from O a B and a B blood types and then we always have positive and negative our age factors and so Any letter can receive blood from their own letter But remember that we cannot give a patient who is our age negative and are each positive blood product So hence all positive can receive all positive and all negative But a patient who has all negative blood type can only receive all negative Same with a a positive can receive a positive and a negative as well as all positive and all negative a Negative can only receive a negative and all positive Sorry or negative so no positive here B positive can get both B types as well as both all types Be negative again only B and all negative a B positive. They are the lucky ones They are the universal recipient They can receive all types of blood from any kind of donor and blood type and that a B negative Can basically have all of the above except the a B positive because it is a negative factor here And then also in black see what I've kind of circled here Oh negative is the universal donor so that blood is usually a hot commodity if you have one negative blood type Please consider donating blood because anybody can receive your blood in case there is an emergency or the need for that So then over here very important with blood transfusion is the nursing care and The precautions that we have to take now policies and procedures make very Depending on what hospital you work at and so always be our familiar be familiar with the policies and procedures of your specific Hospital these Some of those are universal, but some of them will depend on where you work So first of all when we when we give a blood transfusion we want to make sure that we have good IV access We want to have a minimum of a 22 gauge IV Many times if there is a cute blood loss Let's say the patient with a traumatic injury is actively bleeding a 22 gauge is not going to cut it You're going to have to go larger maybe an 18 maybe even a 16 or a 40 friend Gauge IV access so that the bigger the gauge the more blood can go through there faster So if there's a need for a rapid infusion, you want to have a very large bore IV Of course, we want to check the order and make sure that the physician or the provider has consent in the patient for the blood transfusion There's specific blood tubing available and the reason is that it has a filter because Certain particles might get caught there and we certainly don't want to infuse those into the patient's blood Patients vein and it also has a wide tubing Which will allow you to hang the blood back as well as the normal saline at the same height so that you can then prime them We typically want to use a pump again if this is a huge blood loss and the patient needs many units of blood Frequently we're not going to use the pump We're either going to let it free flow or even use a rapid infuser to be able to administer that blood fairly quickly We always want to double check the The blood with a second RN and you want to check the policies and procedure of your specific facility because Some facilities now have the ability with their electronic medical record through barcode scanning and very meticulous checking of the system that you do not need to check with a second nurse which is kind of a Little scary at first a little different when you're used to always checking in with a second second nurse But it is possible. So be aware of your policies and procedures The other thing that I didn't write down here That's probably one of the most important things we want to administer with normal saline only and the reason is that The any kind of other fluids such as D5 or LR can cause some precipitation with the blood and then we have a huge problem We can't use the blood unit the patient care is delayed or if it reaches the patient now they're getting an infusion of some Precipitated or quietly Once you pick up the blood from the blood bank at your hospital The requirement is to start within 30 minutes and that is pretty universal And the reason is that it comes out of the refrigerator And so it's only go just like food you wouldn't leave food on your table for ever before you even you would Administer the blood within 30 minutes and then also the other thing is the maximum infusion time is four hours And that again is for viability and make sure that it's still safe to do that Use the rate that's appropriate for the patient. So again, if this is a traumatic event acute blood loss It's going to have to be going in quickly But if this is a patient who just needs a transfusion for let's say a treatment of cancer or they have a condition like congestive heart failure or any kind of renal issues We want to make sure we go a little bit slower because anything we put in the patient's vascular system might cause some heart failure and my fluid They might end up in fluid volume overload and it might settle in their lungs So we want to be extra cautious here and then for vital signs We want to obtain a baseline set of vital signs including a temperature That's very important and then check the bios again after 15 minutes of start of the infusion And then typically every 30 minutes to one hour depending on your policy and procedure and the patient's status and If an adverse reaction occurs it typically occurs in the first 15 minutes So you want to stay with your patient for the first 15 minutes Educate them about what you're doing and what kinds of signs and symptoms to watch out for and that way you can intervene right away if something happens and then Swatch my other video on the different kind of blood reactions that are possible the adverse reactions as well as what to do about them So you can see my different video about that Thanks for watching this video on blood transfusions Please subscribe give me a thumbs up if you have enjoyed this video and I'll see you soon right here on nursing school explain


Welcome back to my channel guys. It's your girl Coco styles and on this channel. We talk about beauty fashion Lifestyle and styling. All right, so today we're gonna get into some more trends for 2024 and this video is gonna be about Bags that's gonna carry you through the rest of winter Spring and then fall so pretty much the entire year So I'm gonna get into different styles of bag not necessarily the brand of bag But I am gonna give you some ideas on who carries what if you are a person who Loves higher in bags. I have some of those and if you're a girly who wants a little bit something on the budget side I have some of those as well. So the first style of bag are the baggettes. Okay, so the baggettes are Practical bags. They're small enough to put your everyday things in it like your cell phone your keys your Lipsticks some lotion possibly a mirror very practical bag for an everyday use Now if you are looking for something that is on the higher inside You guys know the Fendi baggette is super super nice. I am gonna pop in a photo So I love this bag so much so that it is on my wish list Now I'm not a girl who wears a ton of small bags because I am tall So for my tall girls you girls already know I don't like really tiny bags on us unless it's like a clutch or something But the baggette, I think it's a really good size for someone who is 510 So probably like 6-2 possibly But when it comes to the strap on a bag, so just be careful if you feel like it's too small You could always buy another strap that has adjustable You know parts to it when you can adjust it to your liking if you're looking for something a little bit more affordable Coach has the studio baggette bag very affordable I still in my opinion think coach has some of the best leather bags Now it's not as good as it used to be back in the day However, they still to me have really really nice leather bags So if you're looking for something that has less of a logo Definitely go for the coach bag and it's super super affordable guys You're looking for something that is kind of in the middle of those two not super low not super high But a nice good price Jill Sander has really nice bags and this canola Leather bag is super cute in my opinion now some of her stuff is really pricey But I think this is a good amount to pay for a bag if you're trying to stay trendy for the rest of 2024 So check her out check out the Fendi bag and definitely check out the coach bag The other style of bag would be Unexpected weird shapes, okay now weird shapes are not always in but there are women who Have a ton of weird shaped bags because this is just what they love now for 2024 These bags are gonna be in and you can definitely find something that's affordable either on Amazon or even on Etsy Now I am a firm believer of not really spending too much money if it's a trend like that I'm a classic style girl. If it is something that is a little different in the style I'm gonna go for classic in color if that makes sense So Marnie has a really really nice bag not super expensive and it's called the Prisma Triangle shoulder bag really cute not over the top even though it's a different shape of a bag I still think it's kind of classy like it's not too over the top I think it's affordable when I say affordable. Let me see Okay, this may be a bit much for some but if I'm gonna say affordable I would say 1500 and under and the reason why I'm saying 15 it may still be a lot to some is because You can find really great bags either brand new or on the pre love market That'll in great condition for that amount of money and to be quite honest guys You could definitely save up for a bag that you really really want You don't have to but if you really wanted something brand new you can definitely do that But the Marnie bag I absolutely love I think it's still classic when it comes to the style But even though it's a different shape. It's still a really nice bag coat diet has Amazing bags affordable in my opinion. I think they have really nice shoes as well Just different styles and just cute little pieces that make the bag unique So they have the Thalia bag, which I absolutely Love guys at this bag has a unique handle and it also has a unique shape at the bottom almost like a pyramid In my opinion, this is something that I would carry out to dinner at night Super super cute. Like I said, they have really nice bags and they're very very much so affordable And one thing I do like about them is that their logo is on the bag, but it's not over the top on the bag So, you know that it's a coat guy a bag But very subtle logo, but the handle is beautiful. It has like a Twitter show handle It's around very very cute from looking at this If you have smaller hands, you can probably stick your hand through but I would recommend carrying it like this Very cute bag very unique in style and definitely something that I would definitely wear for the rest of 2024 now I have seen this bag on one or two influencers that I I don't even know who they were It was on Instagram, but I know I saw it on the feed and it's the copper knee I believe that's how you pronounce it heart tote bag is so cute They have a mini version Which I'm gonna pop in which is the red patent leather one and then they also have a larger size Now something like this is like an everyday bag Because it's like a half-shaped heart and it's kind of like a flat back I wouldn't recommend putting something bulky in there because you don't really want it to like press against the back And show the imprint So like a nice small wallet that is slim If you do have keys maybe stick it on one side or stick it inside of something else to keep the bag in great condition But I really really love this bag and I think I'm gonna probably get it for the spring Because I like it. It's fun and me. I'm probably gonna get red Okay, I think you guys should check it out. Like I said, they have a mini version. They do have a larger version So strikes are in and I was able to find one really really cute bag that I Think is really cute. It's not over the top But it's definitely something that I feel like will bring a little bit of edge to your outfit if you have on a all Monochrome black outfit You can definitely wear this mark Jacob stripe bag if you're a girl who does not like Silver or like gunmetal color. This is not the bag for you But I think it's a really really nice bag a good size. I don't think it's newer in Mark Jacob's like new arrivals, but I don't think it's like old I pulled it up because I like it It's subtle It's not too over the top with the stripes because the bag is not really big But definitely check out bags with stripes on them If you don't want something that is super wide and I guess I would say Beetlejuice style Stripes you can get something that has a little bit of subtle stripes and still pull off that same look for Your trend for 2024. So now we're gonna go into Efferless chic like I guess you could say slouch bags, right? Back in the day slouch bags used to be so on trend But for a really long time a lot of people were getting into more structured bags, which I still absolutely love Hobo style bags are cool And these slouchy bags are cool if it's not your thing definitely skip this trend, but they're back in full effect They have really small ones and they have really really large ones They have affordable ones and they have some that are like super expensive. So monster Gabrielle I have said this before I love the leather that they choose to use for their bags And this is the soft M slouch bag Absolutely love it. It's a very sleek and style. It doesn't have a bunch of stuff going on or any logos But it does have a nice subtle crisscross in the front very soft leather and it's a large So this is something that I would carry every day like a tote just going out maybe putting my laptop in and Reading through everything you can put like a size 16 inch Laptop in it so you can definitely use it as your Go-to bag when you're running out and you want to go work at a cafe or something. The next bag is the Bottega I think it's called intraceto bag. I think that's how you pronounce it or intraceto bag Something like that, but I like the weaving of this bag. Now initially I Wasn't really into like weavings weaving leather. It just was giving me like grandma vibes But this is a really large bag. So if you want something that is on the higher inside Go for this bag, but I am gonna tell you Check Amazon first. Okay Do some searching for leather bags that are they have the same style So you don't have to spend close to forty five hundred dollars on a bag The goal is to kind of like pull in things that are trendy but not necessarily always have to buy The original if that makes sense because there are a lot of companies that make in small business owners that make bags that are great in Quality so definitely give that a look and some of the other designers as well So when it comes to the Bottega bag It does have a really nice gold handle at the top for your shoulder and it's like a curved shape So again, the bag is not the cheapest, but it's actually a really nice bag So if you are looking to add something like that to your wardrobe, definitely check out Bottega So the other style of bag would be patent leather bags Now hear me out patent leather is not for everyone and I've never really been like a super super fan of it But I did buy a really nice tote bag from mango like Right before I went to Portugal Probably like over a year ago, and it's a really nice bag. They had it in red and they had it in black I waited super long so I was not able to get the red one But I did get the black one and it was so worth it So for me patent leather is still like in right good for rainy days, especially if it's like a tote Now aliyah has a really cute heart bag now It's not the cheapest However, it's still really cute. It's not really a practical bag in my opinion because it is a heart-shaped, but It's cute bag now the other bag by Max Mara people sleep on Max Mara it's giving me like a speedy style or a Louis Vuitton Duffel bag style but a smaller version, but it's absolutely cute So you can find this bag pretty much on sale right now probably anywhere really cute. It's patent leather It's still on trend. It's a really nice shape and on sale So that means that it's affordable right now, and then we have the YSL Sadie They said Sadie, but it could be I'm gonna say a Sadie We could say Shade But the Sadie bag is the YSL version so really nice clutch now years ago This bag came out and it was shaped a little bit different because I remember seeing it in like a mustard color at the mall and Atlanta, but the pattern of the version is super cute. It's a really large clutch. So my tall girls This is for us. Okay, if you're into clutches, definitely check this bag out patent leather They have newer versions now that are satin They're cheaper, but they do have like a pretty pink color and I believe they have it in black and a Tan color the pink is really really pretty. So if you're into colors, definitely check that out But the pattern of the version add it to your list so you can be a part of this trend for 2024 So let's get into the last style of bag and that would be Chrome bags now ever since Beyonce's Renaissance tour Chrome has been like Everywhere and it's literally not going anywhere. So Jack Moose came out with something all the girls bought that bag now for me I don't know how the quality is with Jack Moose bags So I do not own one until I go to the store and actually see them in person I don't know if I'm gonna actually get one There's no sense to buy something and the quality of the bag is not good. It's just pointless to me So I'm not gonna buy it, but I know the girls were getting it Which leads me to this bag coach tabby shoulder bag in metallic Very very cute. One of my friends purchased it. It's a really nice bag in person and it's very heavy But in a good way, but it's too small for me But for those of you girls who like smaller bags, definitely check it out It's a beautiful shiny metallic color But if you are gonna go for the chrome style bags for spring in the rest of winter I would say figure out which style you like which leads me to the next bag the Dries Van Newton small leather tote bag They're calling it a tote, but it literally does not look like a tote So here's the difference between the coach bag and the Dries bag The color of the bag. It's still a silver So if you take a look at the coach bag, it's a very shiny color and then the Dries is more of a muted Silver color that is more my speed. So that's what I mean But pick what works for you and not necessarily what everybody else is wearing If you're not a girl who does not like shiny Things don't get it go for something like the Dries one I prefer the Dries because it gives me more of a leveled up look. It's much more Muted for my taste in my style. Then we have Jimmy Chu the Cali silver metallic bag Very cute. I think the style of this bag is amazing for an evening time or an evening wear or whatever It's not super expensive. Now one thing about Jimmy Chu is that they do have nice evening bags And I feel like they always have a bag that goes with a shoe if that makes sense But definitely check out this bag Affordable if it's not affordable for you definitely check Amazon and check Etsy Etsy has a ton of stuff And then we have all these other small businesses that have nice leather bags that you can definitely give a try as well And the last chrome bag is going to be the Fendi Crowley bag. I think that's how you pronounce it. So it's the it looks like the baguette bag if up to me But it does have the chrome metallic look to it.  I absolutely love that one But chrome is gonna be in and here's the thing chrome is not just in the bags this year I'm seeing people bringing chrome back into their homes. So it's everywhere So really just depends on you if you are a gold girl like me You may not get any of the chrome bags, right? And if you do you might get something small like I said in much more muted just to be a part of the trend Those are the style of bags that's gonna be worn through this winter spring and fall pretty much for the rest of the year For 2024 if you have bags in your closet already that matches this style Comment below if you don't which style of bag are you gonna be wearing for me? I think for me Let me be real. I like the baguette bags But I think what I want to do is Kind of get some of the older bags that are I'm not gonna say that they're out. They're not so new So some of the Fendi bags that I absolutely love the style of that Fendi first bag That has been on my wish list for forever I have not bite in the bullet chat and I just know this so you know how you have things going on in your life You just like I really want to do this right now, you know Just so I'm just being smart, but it is on my list and I know I'm gonna get it before Before my birthday, I'm gonna get it and this is logical shopping This is not me shopping every week spending four or five thousand dollars in a bag It's just not what I do But the Fendi first bag is one of those bags that I'm gonna get into my collection girls, okay? So things like that. I do not always go for a trendy things But I go for things that kind of go up my wardrobe, but I digress Those other bags of the bags that people are gonna be wearing at this 2024 They're not gonna go out of style if you pick bags that are great in color and great in Quality so even though the style may be a little quirky You can get something that still can stand the test of time if you go based off of the color and the quality So thank you guys for tuning into this video if you say to the end of this video Please comment Coco. We see you and guys don't forget to follow me on Instagram And Cocoa Styles NYC and Cocoa Styles NY and my personal style vlog Cocoa Styles NYC and my style services Cocoa Styles NY And I'm on tickety tickety talk Cocoa Styles NYC and I will catch you guys in the next one. Bye guys


Welcome to Understanding Place Value. What's in a name? Just as names are important to people, place values are important to numbers. Knowing the place value of a given digit is helpful in math because it allows you to read numbers accurately and to round numbers correctly. This chart shows the names of the different place values that are used most often. By using this chart, we can learn the place value of a digit. For example, in the number 786, the 6 is in the 1's place and has a value of 6 1's. The 8 is in the 10's place and has a value of 8 10's. And the 7 is in the 100's place and has a value of 700's. Let's plug this number into the chart below following these steps. 1. We take the rightmost digit and place it in the 1's column. 2. Working right to left, we fill in the remaining digits. Notice the 6 is in the 1's place, the 8 is in the 10's place, and the 7 is in the 100's place. Learning the place values is necessary because we don't always have access to this chart. Here is another example. Again, you can identify the place value of each digit using this chart. Identify the place values in the following numbers. What term on the right matches the place value on the left? Congratulations! You've completed understanding place value.


Let's talk about liquidity and volatility. People are asking, well, we haven't really moved over the past 10 days or we were in a very narrow price range. Is this a good sign? Well, the matter of the fact is that we just traded in a very high liquidity price level. The technical terms for that is liquidity pools. It is working like a magnet for the price when you trade on such a level. The derivatives market options and futures is helping the Bitcoin price to be more stable. For larger accounts who need to do bigger trades, it helps them to facilitate the risk better without having too much of a price impact. Now also people are looking for a breakout because we have traded now sideways for quite a few days and weeks even, but we don't really see a breakout to the upside. We have seen this massive rejection at 4,200, which is clearly showing that the market is not ready yet for higher levels. We also think that we're going to dive into our accumulation zone, which is between 3,100 and 3,600. First sort of support we reckon comes in at around 3,400, which is also a liquidity pool level. Then looking a little bit on the shorter term side, people are looking for or seeing these drips lower in BTC dollar, which we have seen over the past few days. This is basically nothing special. It is just the weak long hands getting washed out who bought on the way up to 4,200.  We have seen a very small attempt to break higher and we saw a rejection at 3,900. All in all, this doesn't help news like Samsung coming in with a included wallet, crypto wallet in their phone or the Facebook stablecoin, which got also announced last week. In general, in a bear market good news or supportive news getting disregarded and bad news are getting an overweight. In general, we think those news are not having a price impact to BTC or crypto assets per se, but it's definitely a step into the right direction for mass adoption. What's more important than that actual short-term price movement is the volumes that we're seeing across crypto exchanges and even on the Bitcoin blockchain. So the Bitcoin blockchain hit a new high this morning of 4.05 transactions per second. You can see it's been rising throughout the bear market. And then on volumes, we can see that we're tracking right now around 25 billion dollars per day across crypto exchanges. It shows that the crypto industry is growing, that there are more people trading crypto out there, to think that this market only ever surpassed one billion dollars per day in April of 2017. So we've come a long, long way since then. Let's try not to get confused about that short dip. It could easily be reversed. It could go down further. We're not sure. But we want to try to have a long-term outlook on this market rather than just kind of focusing on what happened today. We've been seeing institutional players like Fidelity and NASDAQ getting into the crypto market. And yet it hasn't really had very much effect on the prices. And the reason for this is that the fundamental updates or the news doesn't have as much impact as the technical analysis. And the charts where we can see a trend in the market, that kind of overtakes the fundamental analysis. At the end of the day, bottom line, prices move based on orders. If you have more buy orders than sell orders, the price goes up and vice versa. So just because we have some sort of a news event doesn't necessarily translate into people buying the crypto itself. What's firmly driving the markets is the technical analysis and the trend. So right now, as we said, we're at the tail end of that bear market. And once we see indicators pointing to higher prices, let's say a breakout above that $5,000 per coin level, that's the kind of thing that gets people's attention. That's the kind of thing that causes FOMO and then people buy back into the market. But until then, we're kind of on a low burner. If you are trading crypto and want to do it more efficiently, here are some tips for you from our partner Trade Santa. Today, we will share the first tip, diversify the crypto exchanges. Everyone knows you should diversify your portfolio. It both minimizes your risks as well as gives you more opportunities. The same applies to the exchange as you trade on. First, it allows you to trade more pairs. Second, it gives you more arbitrage opportunities. And third, it decreases security risks in case of a hack. Trade Santa makes platform diversification even easier. No need to do the trades by yourself. Just create bots and allow them to trade on different exchanges. It saves a lot of time as you do everything in one place.


Hello, everybody. How's it going? It's, like, what, 10 AM? Is that, like, early morning for some of you? It's early morning for me. All right, well, let's get started. Since I have only five minutes, I actually thought I had 10. So whoops, we'll do what we can. So I'm here to talk about continuous delivery with Kubernetes, the prequel. So as Jim said, I work at GitLab, and it sounded like almost everybody had heard of it. So great job. I also sit on the board for the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, which is the home for the Kubernetes project. If anybody wants to engage further after this talk, I've spent way too much time on Twitter, so you can always find me there. My DMs are also open. So with that communication thing done, I just want to do a quick primer. How many folks here are familiar with continuous delivery? Solid, solid. So just to make sure we're all on the same page, I am not talking about continuous deployment today. And there's only one difference between continuous delivery and deployment, and that is that in the delivery case, there is a manual push to prod. And oftentimes, businesses do that because they have regulatory reasons for GitLab. It's compliance, something we're working through right now. So that's the only difference, and that's what sets it apart. Is everybody here familiar with Kubernetes? Awesome. Well, I don't know if everybody heard me on that side particularly. Raise your hand if you know Kubernetes. All right, now this is good. So as we all know, Kubernetes is an orchestration system for containers, and it's only just the biggest block Buster project of all time in the late, lately. No shade on Git, Linux, et cetera. All right, with that baseline, let's get started. So today, what I'm going to talk to you about in very fast words is the GitLab case study of moving to continuous delivery. And the key message that I'm going to try to pass on today is that don't necessarily go run to the newest, shiniest object in tooling when you're trying to change workflows for a business objective. In our case, we went to continuous delivery without Kubernetes on our legacy system, and I'll show you really quickly on how we did it, what the benefits were, and some humble pieces of advice if they help you in your work in daily life. So why do we care about continuous delivery? Simply because I think everybody here is familiar at this point that for business survival, we need to be responsive to our users and customers. The only way to do that is to ship fast and resiliently. Who here is not trying to ship quickly? All right, one more person. You're listening. But yes, this has become such a mantra for all businesses today that we need to get there. And instead of having, let's say, two-week, two-month, quarterly issues that you work through and stories that you build and then get feedback from users on, if you make quick, small changes, put it out there to your customers quickly, you get a response, and then you keep adjusting to reach the optimal solution for what your product should be. And that's why cycle time compression is important, and that's why continuous delivery is important, because without that, it's harder to ship fast. So how did GitLab do it? As I said, legacy first. So as some of you may know, GitLab has millions of users, and over 100,000 organizations rely on us. So it's not like having a Greenfield project where you can do everything new, fangled, and awesome. So what we did, so in terms of our tooling, GitLab runs on GitLab, so that helps, everywhere from the issue planning to the version control to the CI CD pipeline security and post-production monitoring. But we do not use containers just yet in our environments. We use virtual machines, and we use Ansible scripts to orchestrate. That's pretty old school by a lot of people's standards. It's definitely not all-in-cloud-native, and that's been a conscious choice that we have done in order to get to CD, in order to train our workforce, and in order to really get the benefits of shipping quickly. So there's a little bit of Kubernetes in the product with feature flags, and people can review changes live, but that's more a GitLab thing, not part of the CD pipeline thing. And what has that given us? Well, we go from commit to Canary in two hours now, which used to be over a day in the past. We've gone from weekly to daily deploys. And keep in mind, this is because of the manual button push that we still have to do to deploy to production. The delivery thing is, as I said, commit to Canary two hours. And then finally, and I think this is the biggest thing of all, all of our developers are now on an on-call rotation, and we achieved this in three weeks since we released the continuous delivery system. For three years, as a company, we'd been talking about this to go from Dev to DevOps, and within three weeks, once we implemented this, we were on it. So what did we get? So we got a culture shift, and this is what I suggest to you as an audience listening about a continuous delivery talk. Focus on one element. For us, focusing on culture shift without having to change our infrastructure as we moved to CD has helped us put quality at the top priority. So the way the pipeline runs, if the automated test failure just sends a Slack message to the team, and they have to fix it before it'll go forward. And we do not do any hot patching anymore, unless it's P1 and S1. P1 being priority one, some user is deeply affected, but S1 being it's a large-scale problem. It's a compliance issue, something major. And as I said, every engineer is on the on-call rotation. Doing what we've done, we have actually maxed out our legacy system. We went from weekly to daily deploys, and we've had 24 releases in July compared to four in May. And now we have bought time to join the Kubernetes boat. Now that the operations team is close with the developers, everyone's coming together to devop. Security has regular sessions with the developers. We're a point where we can join the Kubernetes boat. Being on GitLab kind of gave us some advantages, but the tooling decision was really important. And as I said, humble advice. Figure out the workflows first. Get your team ready. The rest will follow. Don't use shiny objects before you're ready to use shiny objects. And decouple big changes, like infra changes versus people changes. And that will make Kubernetes delivery a lot more doable. And that's all I had. Thank you so much for listening, and I hope you have a great day.


Okay. We are live. Thank you all for joining. We'll get started soon. And Nancy will give them one more minute. Sure. No problem. Okay. Let's get started. Good morning, everyone. And thank you for joining us today. I'm Sugathri Kalluru, director of the Trailblazers Initiative at the DSCI, and I'll be your host. In today's session, we have Nancy McQuire, Vice President, Global Procurement Services, and General Procurement Sourcing at IBM. In her 25 years of career, Nancy has taken active leadership roles in various divisions of supply chains. And today she's going to tell us about her impressive career and share some important insights from her supply chain leadership. Nancy, thank you so much for joining. Sure. Happy to be here. And before we begin, a couple of points. Duration of the session is 30 minutes. So we will have five to 10 minutes of Q&A at the end. We will have a chat activated on the Zoom. So please type your questions or comment on anything you find interesting during the course of the session. With that, let's get started. So Nancy, thank you for your time. So you've managed and work in every nook of the supply chain. You currently serve as the Vice President of the Procurement Services at IBM. Can you give us an overview of your professional journey? Sure. I started with through an industrial engineering degree at Ohio State University. So through my college time, I interned or co-opt, which is what we actually called it, with General Motors. So I was in the manufacturing supply chain part of the world through college. And then when I came into IBM, I was supporting manufacturing. And I came in as a process engineer. But in a few years, I went into management and I went into managing procurement engineering. I managed supply-to-man planning. I managed fulfillment. I managed direct procurement. I manage now indirect procurement. So pretty much the only thing that I never had direct management responsibility for in the supply chain was logistics. But for sure, in a role like I've had in all those aspects, I've had plenty of opportunity to expedite and work with my logistics colleagues. But I've never had that specific role across the supply chain. Thank you. I mean, you've basically been all around it, I should say. Yes. As you look back and reflect on all the work, supply chain work, especially you've done in the past 25 years, what has been the most favorite part, if you can pick one, and why? Well, they've all been different. And some of the jobs you take, you take because you kind of need to get that stripe, you need to learn that part of the supply chain. Those jobs maybe were not quite as fun, but you had to do them. I would say, though, that the experience that I had that has been the most rewarding or most fun was about four years ago. The chief procurement officer at IBM asked me to lead a team to implement agile techniques and agile practices into the procurement process. And many of you on the phone may know agile is typically steps that are used in software development. And IBM made a decision to bring it into operations, which means into supply chain procurement specifically. So I led that for the procurement team and it was awesome. It was so cool for three reasons. One, it was the first time we'd ever done something like that. So there was a lot of creativity that we had to apply to something that we knew very well. Two, I had an incredible team that I was able to put together to make this happen. And then thirdly, this was one time where I designed something and then I was the recipient of it, right? I actually led one of the teams after we implemented agile so that I could, you know, course correct and fix things that worked well or didn't work well. So that was probably the most meaningful thing I've done, you know, really in my nearly 30 years. So just to build off on that. So is there something from your previous work experience, you know, from your early stages of your career, which helped you build this agile experience or, you know, or work on this agile project for the first time? I think, yes, I think that understanding that what we do in supply chain is end to end and having experience in several parts of the supply chain. So when you go to do agile, what agile is is, you know, you basically are having a team take responsibility for everything to search for speed. It's all about speed. So for sure, those experiences helped inform the way we thought about the redesign. And again, the team that I had together, they brought in all sorts of experiences that I didn't even necessarily have. It was a global team. So they were bringing in global perspectives that I wouldn't necessarily know. So yeah, that combination of years of experience and global reach I think really helped with our design. That's interesting to know. Let's maybe talk about the challenges, you know, in all your years of public supply chain experience. I mean, no supply chain leader has been an exception. You must have faced substantial challenges in 2020 and as a result of the pandemic. Can you share some of these challenges, and personally as well as, you know, with respect to in terms of, you know, IBM supply chain and the actions you took to overcome them. That's just a great question. And one of the benefits of my experiences I've been through a few, what I would say, you know, we're just huge alterations in the way things were happening right so we had the dot com bust in the early 2000s, coupled with 911 event right and just change the everything for for a period of time and in the terms of the way transportation product was moved, etc. And then you went to the end of the 2000s 2008 and 2009 when the economy, the US economy broke, right, which had global implications. Many of you had tsunamis we had some really significant earthquakes out of Japan that had serious supply chain disruptions. So a lot of our processes have been developed as a result of those events that really had us well prepared for what happened with when the pandemic struck. So things like, you know, supply chain risk, we were really good at supply chain risk, but what the pandemic did was show us we needed to be even better so we had to go further and further into our tier one tier two, tier three supply base for supply continuity. Some other things like supplier financial risk assessments, very good at that but we really had to increase the frequency, and we had to expand how far we went, because in a global pandemic where everybody is affected. Now you've got supply chain vulnerabilities that could be popping up all over the place. So I would say that our preparation and learnings from those prior events, really enabled us to deal better with the pandemic than maybe, you know, a less experienced organization might face the other really big thing that that we did which I would say was unusual compared to other events. We had a huge human element to this. So the, the practices that that leadership employed right we literally as leaders in IBM signed commitments made pledges about how we were going to lead in a work from home environment. So within two weeks of the pandemic being announced week 95% of our employees were working remote, and they were working remote with environments that none of us really could get our heads around right they might have three generations of family living in the household they might have kids at home, you know, taking school at the same time that they weren't doing classes, these poor parents are trying to, you know, deal with business continuity issues while making sure their kids are getting their their homework done right unprecedented we've never dealt with that before. So the human element was really amazing and this pledge that we had and we used to you know an online social tool to do this. But the pledge was about 10 different elements that basically said hey, we're going to do this during this environment we're going to be empathetic we're going to be mindful we're going to be kind. We're going to be compassionate right and which is such a funny thing to say out loud that we had to do that but it really did shift your mindset to say, This is different. This is not business as usual people are dealing with unprecedented, you know, human situation and what's interesting is it's happening now again to us just in spades we have a very large organization in India. And that's topical right that the challenges in India are just skyrocketing.  Right. That whole pledge was a new element I think that's something we had not had to deal with in prior, you know, I'll call them crises. Thank you.  I think that came out loud and clear. Yes, I think everyone myself included have evolved an emotional quotient that we didn't necessarily have a year ago. Every meeting starts with a conversation about the human stuff before you get into the business stuff. We used to talk that way but you know now we're really doing it right so I think I think there's been some real blessings from this, from this whole, you know, shift to working within a pandemic and working remote. All right, so let's move to the next question and I should call it the question of the order of my favorite question. Supply chain has historically been a male centered environment. It's slowly changing. Do you believe that is still the case, especially in your environment, or is it changing. What advice do you have for organizations to address this gap and promote women leadership and supply chains. I knew you were going to ask me about this so I went and you know looked at some data before we got on the phone today just so that I could ground myself on supply chain. Right and just some data points that I found is it appears that it's roughly a 4060 mix now 40% women 60% men that are in supply chain types of roles. I would I don't have the data but I would speculate that that is that is an improvement over when I started years ago. I don't know how much of an improvement it is but we're getting close to that 5050 mix which you would expect given you know global demographics. So that's an improvement however is still only around 20%. And so that means the leadership and supply chain still hasn't kept up with, you know, the female balance right and and so why is that what's going on with leadership. And you all know on the phone, when you have leaders that are representative representing your organization you have a better chance of being a successful organization. I would say you know this is something that we look at really closely. I can tell you that within our organization we're about a 5050 mix. And this is a procurement statement by the way not a supply I don't have the supply chain data for IBM but procurement. And we are very intentional I guess that would be my first piece of advice is you need to be intentional about this and when I say intentional. So you understand your data right so what look at your data what does it tell you and some some of the data that you might want to collect is, you know, representation what what is female representation. What is female representation in the different levels within your organization. A lot of companies will see, you know, really heavy penetration at the entry point. But then it tapers off as you get higher and higher up the food chain so why is that go underneath that data to see what things you can find out so that that's the first thing in terms of being intentional is get the data that can help inform you. It can also help you when you take actions to look back to see are those actions having an impact. So for I'll give you an example, we had a challenge where we saw all of a sudden one year we saw a bunch of attrition occur out of whack from our normal attrition right. And we get exit interviews and those types of things so we went underneath it like what is going on why are we having all this attrition and we, and we, we had the data. Then we have round tables we had interventions to talk to people we had those exit interviews, and we took actions, resulting from that, and sure enough, you know we've seen a stabilization of that attrition back to normal rates. Our next intentional thing is to really look in that pipeline and see how are we actually moving and progressing with ratios that are equivalent as you get higher and higher up in the leadership ranks because you know going back to my data. Why do we have 40% women in the workplace but only 20% in management. Right, so that that doesn't make sense. So, there's something going on underneath it and you want to get into the data and then make intentional actions around that. Very good points I think being intentional and what's more interesting it's about the data point you raise in a data is very crucial, especially in supply chain right you know manage your demand or managing your suppliers but now from what you said it's it's even important especially for managing your talent. When you're saying like, you know, having a lot of women in the entry level positions and why are they not going up the ladder, what is happening in between. Are there enough incentives or is it are the other fields more attractive so I think the importance of expressing that the supply chain has changed over the past few years, it's no more the men's only club, you know, how it's a wall it's it's become more interesting I think it's important for the organizations to bring that up and say it out loud and clear so that it's attractive and stays as a viable option for for the you know talent.  So, women can have someone to talk to and learn from about how they navigate, you know, what happens when you move from one level to the next right this focus on retention, what happens in the middle when you know women have babies. And you know they have to take the time that goes with that a lot of companies have recognized now how important it is to give a healthy amount of time off, give meaningful reentry back into the workplace. Allow for all the things that women have to do when you have a newborn right you want to nurse you want to be able to you know do those types of things a lot of companies IBM being one have really gotten clever about how to make it much more manageable for women to to to have families as well as as work, which is a huge change to you know 20 years ago 30 years ago 40 years ago it's it's amazing what the come what what corporations have done. I think they agree more. My case here and talk about personal strategies you've touched upon slightly. So, what was your approach to self development and building leadership skills which which enables you have a successful career at IBM. And what advice do you have for the, and the audience who joined us today to succeed in the supply chain journey. I, I, I would go with three things right off right off the top and I know there'd be more but let's just, let's just talk about three of them. The first one is curiosity. You have to have an interest in understanding how your role fits in how your role fits into the next role and understanding of you want to kind of understand things all the time and that curiosity for me extended to, I was always asking what your job was, how they got that job, you know what how they grew in their career, what kind of roadblocks or things I should watch out so that curiosity really started to help me when I would talk to other people about, you know, future roles. The second advice I would say to you is, take the hard jobs and do them really well. So if you if you want to advance in your supply chain. In your career, you really do have to do some of the hard stuff and some of the jobs are ugly, and they may not always be fun. But they, they teach you and they help develop you sometimes it's something that you're uncomfortable with or something that's risky. You usually learn something pretty important through those types of roles so I would say take the hard roles and do them really well. And then finally, just recognize that development is just it's a continuum, it never stops. I'll give you an example of one for me. I'm, I've been in leadership, you know, for for years and years and years. Every day I get a, a feed into my inbox of a bunch of leadership articles that were published the day but day before eight eight articles let's say and I look at the titles, and I can guarantee I read one a day. Just not because I'm thinking oh I have to do this I'm interested in it. And I know I need it for me to continue to be a good leader, and research and advice around leadership is changing right. So, I need to recognize that I need to change and I need to grow so so lead. So I would say, you know, recognize that development as a continuum, you're never done. And then if you keep that sort of as a mindset I think you'll grow naturally in your, in your, in your supply chain career. Great tips Nancy. Again, I think, just a continuation to the self development part. You mentioned about network and mentorship slightly, you know, in earlier chat. So has mentorship played an important role in your career. How early in your career way, you know, did you have your mentor and if yes what have you learned about yourself along the way. Yeah, mentorship, sponsorship, absolutely critical in my career. I work in a huge company for one thing so just having mentors who can help you navigate the maze right is is huge. I would say it was very early on again I mentioned that I'm a very curious person so I would just, you know, strike up conversations with people and to understand things about their background and their career trajectory people love to talk about themselves right and so they would share and sometimes there were natural affinities that grew as a result of that mentorship or mentorships that that were created through that others were more where you know some maybe a higher level executives saw work that I did and reached out and and really kind of pulled me in. It was super helpful they really became more like sponsors of me to say you know Nancy this is a job I think you should go do. And they would sort of sponsor me into that role. I would tell you in hindsight. I wish I wish I would have listened to them more and then more risky about some things I think I would have moved quicker in some areas. I held myself back because I was afraid or I didn't trust enough about how they could see things right and it's interesting I talked to my kids about it now and say, you know you really should listen that they kind of know a little bit more than you do. So that's the one regret as I do wish I would have taken more risk based on based on the recommendation that I have from some of my mentors. That's awesome. And there is a very important reason why I asked this question and say because we kept hearing from all our guests that how important of a role mentorship and network has played in the career. And that is for the very same reason that DSCI we are launching 21 for 21 it's a mentorship program. If I may I want to just quickly talk to our audience a little bit about that program. Sure. It's a pre mentorship program for women who are at the early stages of the career and through a four month program we teach them the idea is to teach them important elements to enable a digital supply chain mindset, and also assign them a senior teacher just like Nancy to be their mentor. I think we want you touched upon it. We believe this, having less women and supply chain is more of a pipeline issue and not just a cultural or a diversity issue. And through the program like this like 2021 we believe that it is more of a sustainable long term strategy for building divers and performing teams. To all my audience it's a great networking and learning opportunity. You've heard from see how important a mentorship or a mentor can play in your role of a mentor can be in your career. Applications are open. So we have most of the past speakers join us as mentors so please check our website for more details and submit your applications. Nancy I think with that let's move to the Q&A. Audience please feel free to type your questions in the chat box. Meanwhile, I'll take the questions which I've received from the registration form. So Nancy the first question for you is what is the key difference between supply chain leadership and leadership in other business units. That's a great question. I think that there is a mindset that goes in supply chain leadership, which is largely operational supply chain people I think you mentioned it right we, we are all about numbers we are all about execution. It's a mindset of operations, and that kind of rises to the top it's also about innovation, because we're always having to transform and make whatever we're doing better. So those two things I think really rise to the top in terms of the leadership characteristics and supply chain, whereas perhaps if you go into let's say research, the leadership in research. The attribute of operations isn't as high up right there they're much more creative. They're doing things just to do them, you know, to break, break and find new things so operations is not as critical in, let's say research so my answer is, I do think the attributes of leadership shift in terms of organization, depending on which organization that you're in, and then if you're in supply chain operations and innovation really rise to the top. Thank you. And we have one more question. How do you discover your career passion. How important was family support during your career. Oh man that second part huge. So the the first part I you know I kind of stumbled into procurement and that type of thing I, I was an industrial engineer. You know that's what I studied and I knew I was going to be an industry but I didn't really know where my career was going to grow. So I'll be honest, it kind of it kind of evolved it wasn't like I sat down and said ooh I really want to be a Vice President of procurement one day. I didn't know that. So, so let me just say that I did know that I wanted to aspire to a higher level leadership role so I knew that, but I didn't really know where that role was going to land and that sort of evolved over time. I respect to family support, absolutely 100% I have three kids, my husband is a professional also supporting me in my professional environment that is, that is a family thing. It's especially a parent thing, both my husband and I spent a lot of time making sure we can balance the things that we have to balance. We have a, we have a bit of a nontraditional household he does the cooking. That's not necessarily true in a lot of households we and he does a grocery shopping to that doesn't fall on me. But there are a lot of other things that I do. So, you know, we balance it and when I have decisions about taking when I took a director role or VP role. We had a very serious discussion about how, you know demands in the household would change and how we would do that so absolutely support thing to make my job successful. That's wonderful to hear. Next question. We say, how did you manage your team's morale during the pandemic. I think it's likely test upon the pledge, by the pledge, but I think the question is more focused on how you personally manage your team and get the morale high. Yeah, you know this was this was just wild right we had both we had both the pandemic, where we were all figuring out how to stay engaged now agile practices are brilliant for this because I don't know if you guys know agile but you have daily stand ups or weekly stand and you're always getting together as a team.  So, so the keeping in touch part was good but then we had the social unrest of the summer in the US right we had, you know, the George Floyd killing and then all of that unrest and all that sort of recognition that. Wow, our teams are under incredible stress. So we really need to talk and that really became we got a lot of great help from our human resources team about how to have conversations. You know, stopping talking about business and shifting gears towards talking about personal stuff. So that's really how we've done it it's been, and you almost have to shift some of your practices that you have in the in the face to face world, like roundtables or that type of thing and you got to start having them on WebEx and you have to start teaching people how to do that on WebEx, or on zoom. So, it's really using a lot of the old techniques but applying them with the technology that is available to us today. We'll take one last question, which is live. I think I'll rephrase this a little bit. What has been the biggest failure in your career, if you consider anything and what are the lessons you learn from it. The biggest failure did you say. Yes. Oh, that's the easy one so I went, I think I shared this with you I actually tried to go out on my own in 2008 to start a consulting company. I left IBM and I went out on my own and the economy crashed. I left in April and the economy crash in August and I spent the next two years trying to sell consulting services in an environment where no one was buying anything. So, I learned so much during that two years I don't regret it one bit, but it was not successful right and I went back into corporate America and I took all the things that I learned during that two years I actually think it made me a better corporate citizen and I was when I left. So again no regret about it but it was, it was, it was a crazy time it was a hard time. Thank you for sharing that amazing. And with that I think we can, we have come to the end of the conversation. I should say I really enjoyed this 30 minutes with you Nancy it's been amazing 30 minutes and I'm sure that audience are feeling the same as well. Thank you very much for your time, as well as thank you for your willingness to volunteer as a 21 for 21 mentor. You didn't have to do it, but you decided to do it so I think that speaks volumes about your commitment to support women leadership. So with that, I would say thank you everyone for joining stay safe. Have a good rest of your week. Thank you bye bye.


St. Lucia, like the rest of the world, is working diligently to access the safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine. We are one of the countries which has signed on to the COVAX facility, which is a global mechanism to source COVID-19 vaccines. This COVAX facility ensures fair and equitable access to the vaccine by all of the participating countries. The facility is making investments across a number of selected promising vaccine options. This will give access to doses of safe and effective vaccines when they receive regulatory approval, and this access will be done by pulling the purchasing power from all of the participating countries. The COVAX facility is guided by the World Health Organization's framework that allows for distributing the vaccine equitably to each country. In an effort to help protect the most at-risk groups in the facilities participating countries. On June 4, 2020, the Global Vaccine Summit, GAVI, launched a COVID-19 vaccines advance market commitment with the goal to ensure rapid but nonetheless equitable access to safe, effective COVID-19 vaccines to all countries, regardless of their income level, developmental status, or population size. In July 2020, the GAVI COVAX AMC was approved as a financing mechanism to accelerate and reserve the COVID-19 vaccine. St. Lucia, along with Dominica Grenada, Haiti, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Guyana, are part of the six AMC caracum countries within our region which will receive a reduction in vaccine costs. It is estimated that the first vaccine supply should be available by March 2020-21. To fulfill the commitment to fair and equitable access, GAVI is presently fundraising to finance the costs of at least one billion COVID-19 vaccine doses, which are fully subsidized donor-funded doses to ensure lower-income countries are not left behind. They seek to cover about 20% of the population of these six countries to make a real impact towards reducing the spread of the pandemic. The Ministry of Health and Wellness has organized the COVID-19 Immunization Committee, which is planning the rollout of the vaccine in country, and this is being done with the support of the Pan-American Health Organization. This plan, which entails a health education and communication module, scheduled to commence in January 2021 ahead of the introduction of the vaccine. This aspect is important to ensure our population has access to accurate scientific information on the new vaccine to facilitate informed decisions in relation to its use for them and their family. Initial information suggests that at least 65-70% of the population would need to be vaccinated to achieve what is termed herd immunity, which is the level of resistance that is required across our population. We intend to monitor closely the use of the vaccine in the developed countries, commencing this month to gain some insight of factors which support its rollout, barriers and any key lessons learned which can be applied to our country. The National COVID-19 Vaccine Plan will also indicate the priority target groups to be focused on when the vaccine is introduced as well as the country policy on the dissemination of the vaccine into the wider community, the policy on availability costs and the conditions for uptake. The Ministry of Health and Wellness will ensure full stakeholder participation as we anticipate a broad level of healthy discussion and contributions for achieving the effective introduction of this new vaccine into country. The Ministry of Health will continue providing updates on this vaccination as we work towards its implementation.