Okay, hi everyone Today, I'm gonna talk about our recent work Geonology proof with sublinear omitized cost It is co-worked by me and my class like from Oregon State University and the payment from Yahoo Labs So what is the genealogy proof? Informally a genealogy proof is a proof system that for one party says Prover that can convince the another party say the wire file that given statement is true and besides that The welfare the welfare should learn nothing from the proof So for example, the prover can convince the welfare that there exists a Hamiltonian path in a large graph, but without showing this path to the to the waterfowl or cleaning other useful information Okay so we noticed that there already already exist some efficient solutions for the For the special for some special case of the natural proof But in all work will focus on the general purpose genealogy to prove Okay, so in the first part I'll show some possible solutions The first one is by using the circuits So since the general purpose Geology proof is just a special case of malicious to PC so we can just interpret the proof statement as a boring circuit and then use the government circuits to implement the genealogy proof and Use the cut and choose technique to achieve malicious security, but it has some limitations first the conversion to a circuit may lead to a huge blow up both in the circuit side and the running time and Second it is inefficient in some cases for example the binary search or the membership statement proofs so in membership statement and proofs we want to show that a Valuable acts if a viable acts is a member of the larger data set s Another possible solution is to use the random access machine You know run pro in a standard run run program there is a CPU with some small internal states and Also, there is a memory which has a large size of data and the CPU can execute the some Instructions that could to read the data from the address one We call this Instructions as the access pattern then the CPU will go Go to the next internal state and ready for executing the next instruction okay There are two other possible instructions first one is to write the data into the memory and Another one is to hot which means which indicates that the RAM program will be terminated So as you can see that in the standard run program We only need to touch the data that will be used in access pattern So in this example, we can see that we only need to touch the data in a just one and two and three Okay There's a variance of the standard RAM program, which is a previous run It was the first introduced by Godrich and the ostrich ski in 1996 as you can see that's in this in this stand in the standard run program if we Encrypt the data and But the access pattern can still leak important information So for example if the CPU trying to access the same memory over and over again and then the adversary will notice that and This is where leaks. This will leak important information to the adversary So in but in the obvious run this memory access pattern looks random and the leaks nothing about the input or the output or the state So in the real world many applications are more efficiently captured by using run program I just mentioned the binary research or and the membership statement proof So you can see that if we use the circuit solution we need to touch every bit of all data and this makes the circuit size linear to the size of the data and This also makes the running time linear linear to the size of the data But in the run program, we only need to touch the data that will be used in the run program Which means this can make our run program sub linear to the size of the data So we can see that the complexity of the circuit can maybe Expand actually worse than the run program So we need some solutions that the cost depends on the run larger than the size of the data All is all inspiration is from the lamb two-party two-party computation from the paper Golden and others 2012 the idea is to repeatedly evaluated the next memory access circuits and It is a semi honest to PC protocol of run program and the cost is proportional to the run to the run program So to achieve the malicious security, we could adopt the Or not the paper a image are 2015 along with a rash, okay The idea is to extend the gkk protocol using cut and choose and it is malicious to PC protocol Or for run program and the cost is also proportional to the run program But it still has the limitations It requires the first one is that it requires many lines of communications Which proportional to the running time of a run program and also it needs to generate many circuits to perform the cut and choose And in the next part I'll show existing solutions Efficient existing solutions based on the Goblet circuit, which is from the paper GKO 2013 the goal of this protocol is trying to prove that there exist Witness that satisfy some relationship are and first the welfare generates that Generates the Goblet circuit that computes this relationship and then both parties perform a committee OT So the proofer receives his while labels of The witness then the welfare sends this circuit to the prover Now the prover can evaluate the circuit to obtain a single output while label Y and Which represents zero or one and this indicates that if the statement is true or not And then the prover commits to such a label Now the player the verify opens Open circuit so the prover can check that if the circuit was constructed correctly And if so the prover will open the valuable Y Now the verify I can check if Y represents One if so that means the statement is true and the welfare will output accept It's a very simple and efficient and it is a malicious secure But so without using cut and choose and the only one circuit is needed So intuitive for improvement is to combine this the GKO protocol with the Goblet lamb from the paper Lou and Ostrovsky 2013 so we don't have to generate a meaning of circuits for cut and choose So you can see this picture as a overview of the GKO protocol Instead of using the Goblet circuit we can replace it with a Goblet lamb But this Improvement also has limitations since the Goblet lamb requires many copies of a Goblet next memory access circuit And lots of other things inside those circuits And we notice that in the recent work there are some improvements for this extra overhead inside of these circuits But it is still cost some overhead So in this table you can see that the Goblet lamb and the GKO It has a constant runs, but it requires extra overhead inside circuit and the MHR Has no extra overhead, but it but the number of runs is proportional to the lamb program So in our work we want to achieve for both of the properties All protocol is trying to find a more efficient lamb and only one circuit is needed and it has no extra overhead inside the Goblet circuit and it has a constant runs of interaction and Also the running time depends on the lamb program which can be sublinear in the size of the data So more to be more precisely All protocol has the omitized cost by reusing lamb by reusing lamb initialization That means we have a one-time initialization at the very first beginning So the proven needs to commit to the memory M and this cost depends on the size of the M And for each proof then we can have the cost depends on the running time of R instead of the size of M So in the in this part I will show you how we achieve this properties For the first improvements, we can observe that the proven notes all the inputs Including the public lamb program R and also the memory contents M So we can see that the proven can execute at this OLM locally and learn the memory access pattern I in advance then then due to the OLM security this Access pattern I makes no information to the Wi-Fi and Then based on this access pattern the Wi-Fi can construct one single circuit that can perform all computations And then there's a since there's no input from the Wi-Fi Then which means there's no private privacy for the Wi-Fi Then we can use some more efficient a goblin scheme such as paper FMO 2015 the privacy free Goblin circuit So in this picture you can see that This is how it looks like when we convert the lamb program to circuit So since we cannot predict the access pattern in the original in the original jco protocol Then we need to touch every time for each year smaller circuits. We need to touch every data in the memory But if we know this access pattern I in advance then we know which data will be used in the lamb program then the Wi-Fi can just generate a Large a large big circuit that contains the smaller circuit which each so each smaller circuit just to compute the one lamb step and When we know when the verify knows this I And the verify then knows which data will be used in this circuit Okay, so we don't have to touch every data in the memory only the data in I so as this is a jco protocol and To see the improvements before before the verify generate a circuit the Proval will compute the Proval will compute this access pattern I and then send this I to the Wi-Fi Based on this access pattern the Wi-Fi can generate the one big circuit that can that perform the that perform all computations To see the to see the improvement number two We'll adopt the idea from all another paper a HMR 2015 while using the wire labels the main idea of these people is that the Proval stores the OLM memory and the state as well labels So these while labels can be reused the direct directly as input to the next circuit So this avoids the the obvious transfer for the Goblin circuit input So for example Suppose we have for two proofs R1 and R2 and in this smaller circuits small circuit 1 it less some data to the memory block Like a 30 and in the next proof R2 the circuit number 4 wants to read the data from that from that memory block since the Proval already has these wire labels and then The Proval can just use these wire labels directly as the input to the R2 and This can help us to avoid the obvious transfer But there's a big problem as you can see that in the original jco particle and in the Improvement to one we need to open the Goblin circuit and that means when we open the Goblin circuit We need both wire labels will be revealed to the Prover and then the authenticity property is lost here by authenticity, I mean before the Before the proof that the Prover only knows one of the two wire labels and and after the proof We still have the same property and the Prover still only knows one of the two wire labels Okay, so that's what I mean by authenticity So as you can see in these two proofs the Prover can just can successfully cheat by just flipping the bit so We cannot directly use the wire labels. We need some we need somehow to transfer the authenticity The idea is the idea is to use the private function evaluation of strongly universal hash functions So what is the private function evaluation suppose? We have a PFE functionality. It takes the takes the hash function from the Wi-Fi and Also takes the input of why from the Prover and they thought put the H of y to the Prover It has some Beautiful properties the first one is a suppose there are two possible inputs y 0 and y 1 to this PFE and The Prover only knows why zero then when we choose this hash function from the hot from the Function hash family and randomly then from the property of the PFE the Prover knows nothing about this edge and based on that From the strong University of H if the Prover knows H of y 0 and then the both of y 0 and y 1 Then the Prover can still not against this edge of y 1 So how it works in our protocol? Supposing the first proof our one has two possible other port while labels y 0 and y 1 and suppose The Prover holds y 0 Then the people pf and then the Wi-Fi will choose this hash function H and send it to the PFE and Also takes this PFE takes the input of y 0 and send this H of y 0 to the to the Wi-Fi and Then to the Prover then the Prover can use this H of y 0 directly as input to the next proof As long as the Wi-Fi will go about the circuit with the H of y 0 and the H of y 1 And we have we need something more about this PFE since we need to open the We need to open this double circuit and the both y levels and also this edge That means we this PFE must be committing with respect to the input of H So I'll give you an example of this committing PFE So we have the function a x plus b is generally universal It takes a and b from the Wi-Fi and x from the Prover Then gives the output a x plus b to the Prover here x and a and b are in the finite field F And this can be efficiently instantiated via the oblivious transfer or the oblivious linear function evaluation So as you can see the difference between the improvement one and two so before we Open the double circuit we use the PFE to transfer the authenticity From the from the previous variable to the new variables so in some way All Portugal has a sublinear omitized coast and the initialization depends on the size of m and It has a constant number of interaction and it avoids the cryptographic operation inside circuit and One thing I didn't mention here is that Since since the Wi-Fi needs to open the y labels to the Prover That means that the Wi-Fi needs to store all y labels in its memory That means that we need the the storage of the the Wi-Fi needs the storage Proportional to the size of data and but you know in our work. We have fixed this problem We also make the storage of the Wi-Fi has a constant storage Okay for the future work as you can see that in this the logic proof If we know some if we can compute this access pattern in advance then we can greatly improve the Efficiency of the protocol so we just we wanted that if we have some useful information Like this access pattern I and that can be computed in advance in the general case not just in the general proof And then this can help if we have this advice that can help improve the efficiency Okay, and that's it. Thanks for the IACR and the sponsor to support the students presenter and cover the accommodation and Travelling that's it. Thanks for listening


Hey guys real estate gaming here today We're gonna be doing some horror stories in Roblox and we're here with timeless Metapod and Christie Rose my god those from giant pumpkins man, and we're here with Twitter. Oh, well, he's not here man, but He's so with us Okay, man, so let's begin it says development. All right, whatever man Okay, so they have numbers So I guess we're supposed to read them in order because most of the Thai stories are that like you have to read them In order I'll still be lost man. It's crazy. Okay, so the name of this one is Pee Pui I don't know if I pronounced that right, but let's go check it out, man Well, let's turn the candle on. Oh, it's a pretty cool setting here. Okay. There is no one here. Oh, man What is that like? Okay, let's go check it out.  All right. He said it. Oh, dude. There's like red eyes right there.  Oh wonder what that is Let's check it out. Oh, he heard a noise or something. It's moving It's gonna get revenge on him for littering on his swamp. Oh, it's a monster guy. Look at him Yeah, it's like tentacles or something What is that thing man? Okay, what? Oh, no, man, you better stop running What's wrong? He's mad at you for throwing trash inside the lake man. Can't you see it's beautiful and sacred in just through trash in there That's why he's coming after you. I have to rush but now he's crying. He's running away.  I would be afraid. Just look at this guy He has like powers or something But what they're on the wagon What does it say? Is it following me again? Well, man, is it I don't see him around man. I Don't see. Oh my god. What is I think he is following him because that purple aura things right there. Oh He appeared.  He's not letting go This is not the end.  What now he has like superpowers Look at this guy now. He's levitating. Oh my god. What is going on here? Now? He ends up having superpowers towards the end Seems like he's gonna get his revenge on that other guy Oh, no, you know what it looks sad you Move man. All right, so let's head into this and let's see seem to dead Now moon boy Whatever that supposed to mean man Okay, I heard that the ghost is here. What is that? It's like a Buddha or something Right, let's go see what happens There's no dialogue. All right, so you just staring at it. Well, but that thing is like letting out that golden glow That's a good thing. I guess he awoke or something.  There's someone right here And they're dead What they even come from they weren't there before. Oh Man something fish is going on here. Okay view profile Bro, she's dead. What are you doing?  He's doing like some ritual or something Okay, lost the chip. What chip like a potato chip or something. Who are you? Oh, she's awake How did she wake up? I thought she was dead man So she's like a zombie now. I Will have to go back to remove what he's gonna remove man.  I guess it has like powers lost What do she disappeared? Where did she go she was just lying there a second ago, man No, oh she is long gone. Oh, she's up there. Haha. Oh, no, dude She's like possessed or something how she floating upside down. That's it Yeah, man. She's up there. Oh No Yeah, look up. Oh my god. What is going on now? Okay, that is just me. All right, so I'm No, man, I'm pretty sure she was up there. She disappeared now. I have no idea where she went towards Where does the guy go now the guy's gone What is going on these stories are weird man. Oh, it's that guy from the first story Okay, so he revived that girl and they both disappeared and now this guy's after them or something We'll see in the third story man.  They're pretty cool Don't the Mac looks sad don't the Mac looks sad. Who's the Mac? Well, look, there's a guy out there. That must be the developer Okay, so now we're in scene three not die. Love friends in the past episode one. Uh-oh It doesn't look too good Okay, let's go back home. Okay, so there's that thing now. It's huge Dude, we just saw it in the last story. It was like a miniature figure now. It's like triple the size man What is that thing? Oh, why does that guy having like red powers over him?  What is he talking to man? I can't what does this thing do man doesn't do anything. All right, there's nobody up there Cuz you are oh my god. What? Oh So this guy's like stalking him now be careful buddy Let's go back home. All right. Where'd the guy go?  Oh, no, he's evil. Look at his face. Now.  He was normal Why why are you so heavy?   Dude, what is that? Well, it's like an axe What I don't know man. I wouldn't get near that thing if I were you Why are you so heavy? friend you Wait, so he wants to be his friend Maybe he wants to form an alliance with this guy Why is the blanket still like no ball? Okay, what was that a dream or was it real? I don't know man It seems like I'm pretty sure it was real because he was following you. Oh, no, not the squid man I'm telling you this guy is everywhere He's gonna be following them till the end. I have to hurry. Okay. Now. He's running away But oh now he's got this friend. Huh? You stop Okay, so I think that guy the tentacle man is after that guy and this guy's gonna protect them. That's what it seems like Hey guys, what's up, man? Help me, please What why you're running Because he's being chased by the squid man, bro Oh, I have to hit you. Hey, no bad words man. Come on. Why do you have to say a bad word? Whatever it's that one, but that one's like major Right, so let's get out of here. It's another fighting So it's like he's protecting the guy that was dreaming But it wasn't really a dream. All right, let's see number four scene four Eating spirit tie. Oh my god. That one looks crazy, man. It looks like a slender man Okay, let's check it out. Okay. Hello my friend I have I have a tool to give you what? What's up with their hair? It's like bald from the back. Oh my god Chill man. Was that the milk man? It looks like a male man or a milk man. Hey chill. He's telling me chill. Why not even doing anything What is it? Huh? Oh, he gave her a flower. Oh, man. Oh my god.  Whatever it was What's up, man? You told me to come Uh-oh, so they this guy sees it. He's freaked out. He's like, uh Don't you guys see that thing over there, man?  Hey, no dude. Hey, what? No, dude. Hey What boom The thing went boom. Oh my god. There was just an explosion Uh-oh, okay, let's go now We better escape this friends Ah, ah, wait. Ah, okay. It looked like she was laughing, but she's screaming. Ah, there you go. Oh my god Oh, dude, that thing's up there What is that? Okay, let's zoom out so we can see it. Okay, it looks like I don't know. You can't really see it Let's see if it's bigger on the other one Oh my dude, this thing's eating him. Help me, please. Where's the guy? He left her behind Well, that's so sad man. He was just with her and he just left her That's so mean and she's dead She's dead man Rest in peace. Oh my god poor girl Nothing disappeared too I bet you in the end of these stories is gonna be like a huge battle between all these bouncers Because they always do stuff like that in the Thai stories. It's just pretty awesome Okay, so now we're on to scene five. How many scenes are they man? My god, there's like four more Okay Well, let's do this one then scene five Chapter new origin. I mean charium new origin. Oh my god. That thing looks creepy, dude What is that? Oh, no That thing looked crazy Okay, so we're back to the fight. I have to hit you I will hurt you my friend Okay, so now they're battling They're going at it. Oh my god. Look they have powers I won't hurt you my friends. No stop Okay, so I seem like it doesn't really want to fight back, but he has to so he won't die Okay, have you ever wondered why? Have you ever wondered why what you to die? Uh-oh, he dodged it man. That boy is quick Okay, what does it say? You you think you were you think so wrong. What did that even mean? What is that? I think it's weird man Like Goku four hours later. So they're still fighting. I guess. Oh my god. They are still fighting. Look at this These guys are so crazy. What does it say? Boom. Okay, so that was an explosion. So they're really going at it, man Look at these dudes. They're still fighting. Oh my god What is that? So did they like Combine Is that why this this guy is here? At least very scary man. I think they combined or something Oh, no, they did it. So it's another monster Five hours later. Dude. They're still fighting. You're not you're not killed friend me You're not killed friend me. Whatever that means What What is it? Okay, so that I don't know man. These guys are just fighting for no reason Okay, so now we're back at these two guys Okay, just finished the ceremony done Okay, so I wonder what that statue is. It's everywhere, man. It doesn't really tell us what it is It's time to pour the water Okay Okay, so these guys are doing a ritual while the other guys are fighting Oh man, who are you? Uh-oh Oh, it's that one guy that was being choked out earlier But now he's mad Just look at this dude Okay, so they're gonna go at it.  All right. Well, let's just finish it here, man See bye guys All right. Well, thank you guys for watching. Thank you guys for the amazing support If you needed a channel make sure to subscribe and turn that notification bell on And if you enjoyed the video make sure to slap the like button and I will see you guys next time


engineering at Cloudflare. So actually, if you notice, our office is right upstairs. So we hope to see you guys more in future. So together with me is also my colleague, Ziggis. He's hiding behind the pillar. He's our SRE. So here in Singapore, we're actually a quite sizeable team, although I'll say hi to Ziggis. Yeah, so we have a quite sizeable team here. It's now about 40, 50 people. So it's not just sales, but engineers like me and also support and network and system engineers here. And we're quite excited to be here because Cloudflare, first, I'll show them who have heard about Cloudflare before this. Oh, that's awesome. Which means I can go. I'm going to leave now, right? OK, just kidding. So we're quite excited because we are a Silicon Valley based company. So actually, from the very beginning, we have actually quite good ties with the open source community. And WordPress is one of them. So when security, when new security vulnerabilities are closed, we are one of a few ones who are in the market to patch them for most of the customers. So that's great. So I think today's my topic is speed up and protect your WordPress sites. So you can do that with Cloudflare. You can also do that with some other similar players in this space. But in this case, since I'm from Cloudflare, I use Cloudflare as just an example. OK, so this is what I'm not going to do. I'm not going to go through the command line and show you all the colorful commands the engineers use. I'm trying to make it visual and show you how to get things done within the reverse proxy solution I'm going to talk about in this presentation. OK, so at the very first place, why do you need to care about web performance? So I think for a lot of people here in this room, we probably already heard about in July, Google has made mobile page speed part of the search engine ranking. And they have been making it part of their search engine for years, and now they are applying that to mobile as well. So which means that if your website loads faster, you actually get higher ranking from Google. So obviously that helps a lot with discoverability of your site. The second thing why you need to think about web performance and why you need to care about it is that it also helps with user engagement. So in a now pretty well-known research done by Walmart in 2012, it's quite some time ago, what they found is that with every single with 100 milliseconds of additional latency, their user engagement or conversion rate, in this case, drops by 1%. So it's quite a significant difference impact given the volume that Walmart handles on their e-commerce platforms. And of course, this is the same theory applies to e-commerce website, but it also applies to social media and even your personal blog. So that's another reason why you need to care about it. Since just now we talked about performance, another thing we need to I think right now we all need to think about is security. So security is something that is somewhat obscure because it seems to be people think about cryptography and hackers who find those obscure vulnerabilities and launch nation-state attacks and stuff like that. But actually, the threats is more common nowadays because all the hacking tools become actually generally available on our darknet. Or if you are interested enough, you can find it somewhere and you can do it. You can scan the entire internet relatively easy nowadays because there are only so many IP addresses nowadays.  And those defacement or hacking or website can be driven by different agenda. Sometimes it's just a group of angry people from somewhere in this region overseas who just want to hack your site to improve their skills, hacking skills, for example. Or sometimes it can be because they want to hold your ransom, they want to ask for money from you, they want to get some bitcoins from you, and they just hold your sites on ransom. So of course, with new security vulnerabilities coming out every day, it also gives more room for hackers to exploit your website. So that's hacking and exploits. The second part of it is encryption or SSL. So if you notice, if you're in this space, you probably have seen this news from Chrome, the Google Chrome team, from July to then 18, which is last month. They are marking all the HTTP-only sites, meaning that sites without HTTPS or SSL is not secure. And if you actually go to my website, my test website, maxwell.cf, and you visit the HTTP version of that, you get a red letter that says that your connection to this site is not secure, and you should enter by any sensitive information, et cetera. So that's definitely going to scare a lot of your visitors out if you only have a site on HTTP, and they're using Chrome. And the reason why Chrome is attracting a lot of attention is because they are typically already start, they are the pioneer in this industry. So once Chrome starts doing that, a lot of other browsers will start doing that. I know Mozilla, the Firebox, is already doing something like that, and we can expect that to happen to other mobile browsers and other browsers pretty soon. OK, so I have talked enough about the problems. Now let's talk about the solutions. So I'm getting a little bit technical here, because I'm using a technical term for that. There's a solution for this problem called Reverse Proxy. Now let's make it visual. So what do we mean by Reverse Proxy? So without Reverse Proxy, your users here on the left who are visiting a website using a browser will use the internet to use, to visit your website, your WordPress sites here hosted on the server. And the server can be on DigitalOcean, can be on Bluehost, it can be on GCP, it can be on AWS, it can be anywhere. It can be self-hosted on your Raspberry Pi. But this is kind of scary, because you are basically exposing your web hosting infrastructure to the rest of the internet. And we all know that there are lots of bad guys on the internet. So that's the reason why people come up with this idea of Reverse Proxy. So as the name suggests, as a proxy, what they do is that they are the ones who are exposed to the internet.  And another thing they do is that as a Reverse Proxy, I can cache stuff, meaning that you have a huge image file on your web page. A Reverse Proxy can save a copy of that on the Reverse Proxy so that the same requests don't need to go to your origin or your servers. So it's both a performance and security tool for website owners. And obviously, at the beginning, I mentioned, Cloudflare is just one of them. If you are in this space, you probably heard about Nginx or Varnish. They are quite popular open source projects. And they have been deployed at scale for lots of WordPress sites as well. Any questions so far? No? OK. So just now I talked about the benefits of Reverse Proxy in a more technical term. Now let's drill down to look at what it actually does. So the first thing, just now I mentioned caching. So now let's use Cloudflare as an example. So Cloudflare here right now, we have 152 data centers across the world. What it also means is that we can save copies of your assets, meaning your images, your videos, your audio files, or CSS files on one of our locations, or all our locations, depending on where your visitors come from. And putting it into a limit term is like serving the content of your viewer's internet neighborhood. And the technical term for that is called CDN, Content Distribution Network. So we probably will hear that term coming up more and more as I go by. And to draw an analogy in the physical world. So I like to use this analogy. Let's say I'm like, I love drinking Wulong tea. I could buy canned tea from my favorite supermarket, but there are only so many fair price stores in Singapore. But instead of going to fair price, what I can do is I can go to my convenience store in my neighborhood, like 7-Eleven, a good example. I can find it everywhere. And no matter where you go, you'll always find they have Coke, they have my favorite green tea, they have other stuff on their shelves. And I can just go there and grab them. Similarly, for Cloudflare, we do the same thing but on a global scale. So we just talk about performance, the CDN piece of it. The second thing it does is security. So by security, what we mean is basically to keep the bad guys away. And just like I mentioned that, because as reverse proxy, you are kind of like an agent of your website. So it takes all the traffic from the internet and it will do some room matching, look at API addresses, look at your HTTP request headers, and identify the back attackers, people that you actually should be allowed to access the website. And depending on the different solutions, different solutions tend to have different ways to mitigate those bad attackers. For us, we have one of our options is this browser check. So you probably have seen that on some website. And what it does is run some JavaScript on the browsers and make sure it's the human beings using a valid Chrome instead of part of botnet. So you will keep the bad guys away. The second thing is that it also help you to establish TLS or SSL, HTTP, secure connections to your users. So the sensitive information cannot be intercepted by the bad guys who run a ROG Wi-Fi access point in your neighborhood, or whoever who have hijacked your Wi-Fi access point at your home are the way it is. So security, and of course, at the end of the day, you also want to show the green padlock in the end user's browser to give them confidence that you are taking care of their security. So actually, before this, I have prepared a demo. It's probably like a five-minute demo. It's going to bring a site to Cloudflare in a really short time. I'm not sure whether any are you guys interested at all? OK, let's do it. All right, so let me just go to my demo site right here. OK. All right, so actually, right now, I have to have my test or demo WordPress site. I call it Cheesy. I call it Cecil's Flores. I have one called Robinson's Flores, but I close it. So basically, it's a very standard WordPress site with mostly static content. But if you look at that, you can notice something. The first thing is that it's not secure, meaning that it only serves HTTP. And if I want to visit the website using HTTPS, you get error. It says your website cannot be reached, because this particular site hasn't been configured with SSL or HTTPS. And another thing, if you notice, is same as other sites. I have a login page, and it basically allows all the attackers on the internet to run scanners on this particular site and try to find vulnerabilities. There's no check and balances in place. Yeah. So now let's bring it to Cloudflare. So actually, it's just three steps. There are only three steps. I should put it into my speaker snow. Let me just go here. So just three steps. First, get account on Cloudflare. Second, change the DNS, the name servers, meaning the name servers, on your registrar to Cloudflare, so that we can get your traffic. And the third step is to install our WordPress plugin. It's official plugin from us, so that we can make the entire configuration easier for everyone. So now let's do it now. So here, this is my registrar called Freedom. It's a free registrar, perfect for testing. And the same steps can be done on any registrar, like GoDaddy, or Namecheap, or Google Domain, whatever you use. And also on the other hand, what I have is that I already have an account on Cloudflare. So this is what I'm going to do. First, I'm going to add the name of my website, syselpholaris.cf. So what's happening on the background is that Cloudflare will do some scanning, try to copy the existing DNS entries to Cloudflare. And this is precisely what our wizard is saying. So I promise you, it's for free, right? So that's the reason why here we have a free plan. It's just free for me, for the other plans, too, because I'm a Cloudflare employee, but don't be confused. Yep, so I'm getting a one free plan. Yep, so we have already got your DNS records. So for those who are tech savvy, you can see we have already copied the A record for DNS. And it looks good. Let's just continue. So in these steps, here at Cloudflare, we are basically telling the user that you need to change your current DNS or name servers from Freedom to Us. And these are the two, a pair of unique name servers assigned to you. So now let me just do some copy and pasting. Copy and paste. Copy and paste. All right, it looks good to me. So now let's save it. OK. So while I'm making the changes, at Cloudflare, you can see that this side is still being activated, meaning that Cloudflare is doing some scanning to make sure that the DNS server change that have been made correctly. So we are doing this constantly on the background. This typically takes a couple of minutes and there's no downtime, because what's really happening is that instead of letting the traffic go to your application directly. Now we are trying to get the traffic from to us. And this process is gradual and there's no downtime again. All right, let's see. So this typically here, we say, is allowed for 24 hours, but actually takes much less than that. Let's just do a quick check. What's my DNS? OK, let me copy this and see how it's been propagated. OK, yeah, it actually looks good to me, except for ISP in Germany is still catching my old DNS and also Australia. So that might be the reason why it's taking some time. OK, done. The zone is activated. Actually, I just received an email telling me that. So with the particular domain activated, what it means is that is that call for now is taking your traffic, we can process our traffic, and we can provide you with SSO certificates very shortly. So now let's take a look at my Cecile Flores website. Let me just refresh it. Sometimes my browser will cache the DNS record, so what I do is I clear the cache. Now let's refresh the site again.  So by Orange Clouded, what we mean is that now this particular site serves from Cloudflare instead of some other third party providers. Yeah. So if you look at the IP address here, or if you look at for those who are savvy, if you look at the network, if you look at the response headers, you can see that Cloudflare now appears to all your HTTP responses. Yeah. So that's how you can tell a site is on Cloudflare. And if you look at there, you can see for some of the content that the gigantic photos on my home page is now being a hit in our cache, meaning that Cloudflare already have a copy of that, and we're serving that from our cache. So this is for those who are tech savvy. So now we come to our last step is to install the plugin. And trust me, this is actually the easy part. So all you need to do is obviously go to Plugins and add a new plugin called Cloudflare. All right. So this is already activated. Now, OK, let's install it, but not activated. OK. Here we go. OK, so you can see there's a little Cloudflare configuration page in your WordPress dashboard. So all you need to do is to go back to your account right here at Cloudflare and copy and paste your settings, which is the API keys from there. So this allows us to configure your Cloudflare configuration from your WordPress sites instead of going managing two different dashboards. Right. And so I have this. Wait a second. Sorry, folks. Where's my API keys? Sorry. Oh, here it goes. Yeah. Sorry, everyone. I don't have my password here. So OK, let me just get it from somewhere else. OK, let me copy and paste them here. Oh, that's the wrong password. OK, now it's getting embarrassing. But let me see. I can get you something else. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I didn't save it anywhere. You know what I'm going to do? Embarrassing. Yeah, I just get it from a keychain there. All right. OK, this looks good. Yeah, the reason why we have these checks is to make sure that your password cannot be copied from other cross-site scripting bots or scripts. I'm going to sign this. OK. Please. OK, got it. Finally, CYN Cloudfare. Yep. So after so much trouble, I made to get in. So actually, the Cloudfare plugin for WordPress is pretty simple.  Just click. And also, we have this thing very interesting called automatic cache management. So for whoever, who have used CDNs before, I think cache management is a big part of it.  So that's the reason why we built this. It will automatically tell Cloudfare to invalidate, to clear the old cache. So it's always the latest content who are served to the internet. Yep. So that's basically about it. So now, if you go back to Cecile Flores, my website, you can see that it has a value SSO certs, already here, provided by Cloudfare. And all this all comes free. And of course, there are more features to there, more advanced security features. I'm more than happy to talk to you a little bit about it because WordPress can be quite sophisticated, sometimes, especially for enterprises. Any questions? Yeah. Most of the clients are all security-sensitive people. Yeah. Because your program is in the context between the digital-sensitive page and the sensitive page. That's a very good question. So in this sample, it's a free plan. So we, Cloudfare, provide what we call universal, which is a free SSO certs. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, that Microsoft has, they are all security-sensitive. Yeah. But you also provide the support for the client. That's a very good question. Yeah. I mean, we're interested to be able to use it for my website. Yep. That's a very good question. Now let's look at this diagram, right? So what you are saying is that Cloudfare here, we automatically get a cert for you. But also, on your hosting provider, they also give you a cert, right? So actually, to your users, what they see is Cloudfare certificates. So it will be used to your cert. That's correct. But however, we need your host, the certs provided by your hosting providers to be able to talk to you in SSL. Meaning that we still, we want you to encrypt this part of the traffic as well, right? We don't want anyone sitting in the middle to intercept your traffic. So that's the reason why you still need a cert here. Yeah. Yeah. That's a very good question. Yeah. Please. Can you please tell us exactly what you're thinking about? Very good question. Oh, well, you guys have the best questions here. So the answer is yes. And I can show you how you can do that, right? So let me repeat the question first. The gentleman there is asking whether they can use self-signed certs on their servers and yet have some encryption between Cloudfare and your servers, right? The answer is yes. And you can actually do that easily here under the Crypto tab. So crypto in this case means not cryptocurrency, but SSL, yeah. So right now it's default to be flexible, flexible, meaning that we always, Cloudfare always talk to your origin HTTP unencrypted.  So in the full mode, we only do encryption, but not authentication, right? Meaning that even if it's signed by you or by any, by invading CA, we'll still recognize that, yeah. Please. It's not right. Really? Is it on Cloudfare or? Really, okay. Yeah, I'll probably talk to you a little bit later. Yeah. Yeah, please, yeah. In general, for sites that use this Cloudfare, not using Cloudfare, the improvement is, please. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's a very good question, right? So actually that's a type of question you typically run into a lot of times with big enterprise customers is that how do you prove that improvement, there's a performance improvement, right? So Cloudfare, unlike some providers that we don't provide performance metrics for measurement because we are non-neutral, right? Because we provide that, we always say we are the fastest, right? But however, in the industry, there are quite a number of the performance monitoring tools, right? Pindum is one of them. I use a free one for my personal site called Status Cake. There's an entire ecosystem who does monitoring, performance measurement, et cetera, right? So I think the best way to see is to run it yourself is to do a comparison. Cloudfare versus without Cloudfare or Cloudfare versus Provider B. Then from there, you can see the difference. But generally, at the rule of thumb, if your visitors are far from your servers, meaning that if you have a service here in Singapore and your visitor is regional or global, you're more likely you will need a CDM because that will extend the reach of your site from just Singapore to the rest of the world, right? To be closer to your visitors. So that's the concept about CDM. It's to be closer. Based on the way these questions are answered, you know, state in and outside is without SSL, because we need to Cloudfare to show that it's secure. I still advise the world that we should have SSL. Yes, yes. As a best practice, I mean as a security principle, we want SSL to be end-to-end, meaning that from your users browser to Cloudfare and from Cloudfare to your servers or your hosting providers. We want this to be end-to-end because without, you know, the weakest link is usually the link that gets, you know, explored, right? So that's definitely recommended from us. Yeah. Yeah, please. Oh, it's basically unencrypted traffic from Cloudfare to your server. Yeah, meaning that HTTP only to your origin, to your servers. Yeah. Yeah, that's another very good question. Yeah, so by default, Cloudfare have a set of... have a set of cacheable file extensions. You can find this article just by Googling that, Cloudfare file extensions. So all the bots will cache all the commonly seen static or cacheable file contents. For example, you know, JPEG, JS, where is CSS? CSS is here. Yeah, so these are typically... those are the things we see don't typically change and we cache them by default. Yeah, but one thing to notice is that we don't cache HTML by default. Yeah, we don't cache HTML. So sometimes as a WordPress owner, you want to cache your entire web page. You need to use something special called cache everything. It's a feature, I think it's a feature available to pro plan or something like that. It's definitely available here. Yeah. Sorry? Custom assets. Custom assets? Yeah, totally. That something can be done with cache everything. Yeah, we can... If you notice MP4 is not here, but with cache everything you can cache MP4. Yeah, yeah. Stream, like... You have a new stream offering, right? Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Very good point. Thanks for having me there. So I think today's session is primarily based on use cases, mostly focusing on the free plan. But if you have specific use cases, I strongly recommend you to, of course, try our service first before drawing conclusions. And secondly is to look at the different plans we have, because a lot of things we do like WAF and stream like video delivery, you mentioned just now are not part of the standard package. But the free package is probably the best we can get in this market right now. Yeah, yeah. Thank you for bringing that up. Yep. All right. So any more questions? Yep. Yeah, please. Oh, I think your question is how do we, what mechanism we have to prevent your domain being hijacked by someone else? Is that a question? Or how do we prevent people from... I think it's very easy to use for the other risks. But if there are any risks to use in front of there, to use for by one of the sites... Are there any risks? Are there any risks? Yes. By what? Are there any risks? I really couldn't think of any. Like risking night security or something else? I had a... As far as I understand the... There are many, many... Okay. Okay. Yeah, so I think your question is about with... Crawford right now, we have 10 million domains on us, a lot of them are free. I think your question is how do you prevent user A, are there any risks because we have so many, too many users? Is that kind of a question? Yeah. Sorry, I don't speak understatedly. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So, yeah, so I think one thing... But I rather take it in a positive light because with 10 million domains, we actually get lots of attacks going on or traffic any moment, any given moment. Or actually Ziggis has a dashboard that has all done going DDoS attacks. It's all thousands, tens of thousands, or lots of requests per second, right? So with that information, actually what we did is that we captured that information and assigned a threshold to every IP address we see on network, right? And we used that to protect your website because we know why IP address is malicious and why we challenge those IP address when they come. Right? So instead of a threat, I think it's more like benefits and like something that's unique for Crawford because of our scale. Yeah. Sorry for being too specific for Cloudflare, but I can't speak for other vendors in this case. Yeah. Cool. If there's no more questions, we have the Space Tool 9. Yeah, that's it. So if you just want to chill out and mingle the network for a bit, then we're all good. So thanks to Cloudflare. Thank you. Thanks for having us and thanks to the pizza and drinks, Valentine's or anything else. Yeah.


Hi you guys, Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel Inside the Hem and thank you so much for joining me for our Spring Sew Along featuring McCall Pattern Company. This is going to be a sew along that is geared toward the beginner sewist. I and McCall's both really want to help get people started in garment sewing.  Working with McCall's we decided to pick a pattern from their Learn to Sew for Fun collection. They have dozens of patterns there for you to choose from and they all really, really break down the process of sewing a garment starting from picking the fabric to the size of the garment that you're going to be choosing and then obviously each and every step is laid out beautifully as well. So we're really just going to take what they already have in the instruction booklet and separate it out into eight videos. So the sew along is going to last for eight weeks every single Friday. We are going to post a video for the sew along. We have chosen McCall's 7405. It looks like this super cute dress pattern.  This pattern features a loose fitting pullover dress that has neckline gathers so kind of like a halter top.  You see has a belt and D has an elasticized waist so there are several options obviously here for you to choose. I am going to be making and I've gone back and forth knee length maxi knee length maxi and just based on the fabric selection that I have I'm going to end up with the knee length but I think the maxi is going to be stunning for any of you that make that I am like so jealous and I'll make another version of it I'm sure but I'm also going to add the elastic to the waist because that's just what's most flattering on my body type I'm a pear shape so I need waist definition that instantly slims me and makes me look like 10 pounds lighter but I'm also going to make the belt too so that's the beauty of sewing your own clothes is that you can mix and match all of these options to create a garment that in your mind is like perfect also when you go to the website there are going to be two different size options you were going to have four to 14 and you're going to have 16 to 26 but when you get the pattern it's going to be letters extra small small and medium represents the six to 14 category and then medium large extra large I'm guessing would represent 16 to 26 size range you're not going to be buying the size that you would normally buy in a store when you are sewing clothes you kind of just forget about that the ready to wear clothing industry has adjusted their sizing over the years to be smaller and smaller and smaller whereas the sewing patterns have really kept the same sizing when they started making sewing patterns which is why there's such a discrepancy so don't be alarmed if you take your measurements and you're like four five six sizes different than what you buy in the store that's totally normal this is a forgiving silhouette in that it's very loose and drapey so you don't have to necessarily get it exactly right in terms of fitting your measurements if we just get it close the loose drapey quality of the garment will hide a million cents so another reason why I picked this one so pick your size that you feel most like represents you you'll see something that says size charts so you're going to want to click on that if you're shopping in online if you're shopping in store somewhere it's always on from a calls patterns it's always on this flappy thing they're all right there but you're going to take a tape measure and you are going to measure your chest and you're actually measuring your high bust which is not the apex of your bust but right where your like armpits are right along this line here and you take a tape measure and you take that measurement and you write it down then you're going to take your waist measurement the easiest way to find it is to bend over to the side and you're going to find that little area when you bend over that like where you fall in on yourself and that is going to be your waist line so then you want to take the waist take the tape measure and you want to measure all around that area write that number down and then you want to measure your hip you're going to go really low like a lot lower than you think you're not measuring where your hip bones are you're measuring like the widest part of your butt so if you have a bubble butt it's going to be low on your thighs if you have like a flat butt then it's kind of anywhere in that range but you're trying to find the widest part of yourself because you want to make sure that this is going to fit all parts of you and that's a part of you that part of your bum is a part of you so you're going to measure that part and write it down and then you're going to compare those measurements to the size chart either online or on here you can be in different columns of the measurement chart that's okay just find whichever one whichever size best corresponds to those measurements if you are in between sizes err on the smaller size like i said it's a very forgiving pattern in terms of size and then i'm also going to provide you with a couple of tips on how to alter the pattern to better fit your body so pick a size buy that pattern in that size now we're going to talk about fabric so i don't want to necessarily tell you go buy this fabric but i do want to try and educate you a little bit on what each of the recommended fabrics are shally is going to be a very lightweight woven fabric woven meaning not stretchy it's very very lightweight very fluid very flowy very floaty all of those lovely things that make a great garment a lot of times it's made from rayon which can also be considered a sustainable fabric you know it's not made from chemicals or anything like that it's a natural type of fabric and the downsides to shally are that it's going to be a little bit harder to cut out when you put your scissors through the fabric inevitably it lifts the fabric up a little bit and every movement that you make with your scissors especially if you're not super proficient in cutting is going to shift that fabric around and you're not going to get a perfectly cut pattern piece that said again this pattern is super forgiving you don't necessarily have to have it perfectly cut out but if it's not perfectly cut out then maybe some notches won't match up and it could be a slightly more frustrating process so if you're an adventurous person and you're a patient person by all means try shally one more thing they can be a little bit sheer since we're making a dress that you want to point out they can be a little bit on the sheer side so enter at your own risk on a shally the next one is cotton knit knit is one of those things where if you put in cotton knit on a website it's going to give you every kind of cotton knit fabric under the sun and there are a ton there are a ton but if you're at all familiar with like you've come from quilting or from bag making then you might be familiar with some companies like art gallery or cloud nine some of those companies have knit fabrics made in the same prints as their gorgeous quilters cotton those knits are a really really good option for this pattern they are going to be a little bit stable little bit definitely more stable than a shally or another rayon fabric would be so you can also buy jersey cotton jersey is a very common knit imagine like t-shirt fabric that it's going to run a wide variety of weights as well try and stay away from anything that says tissue anything that says like burnout would not be a good option for this you're looking for a light to midweight somewhat stable not a ton of stretch like 35 percent or lower cotton knit and that's just going to produce a really cute comfortable dress right it's going to you know you don't necessarily need this stretch because it's like a loose or fitting garment but it's just going to feel good hanging on your body you know what I mean the next one that they recommend is something called crepe crepe can be a lot like shally in that it is really lightweight floaty drapey all of those qualities but it's got a little bit of texture to it it's it's definitely got almost like little bubbles in it it tends to be a little bit more on the weightier side of a lightweight fabric those little grooves kind of stick to each other a little bit better so it doesn't tend to be as shifty and you can choose rayon crepe you can choose polyester crepe or some blend in there polyester is probably going to be a little bit cheaper so I do like crepe as an option you're not going to find heavyweight crepes that I know of most crepes that you see online are going to be lightweight and drapey which is what you want and then the last one that they recommend is something called gauze gauze is typically made from cotton and you're imagining like a really light light lightweight linen kind of gauze has a lot of texture to it it can be a little bit sheer so you want to watch out for that it can be like tissue sheer so be very careful when you're when you're doing that what I would recommend is going to your local fabric shop with your pattern in hand seeing if they have someone who runs the fabric department and seeing if that person can point you in the right direction the way that I learned about fabric the most was going and looking touching feeling and and committing those qualities to memory I think all of those are really really great options for this dress and it's going to produce something that is just really beautiful lightweight I've said this a thousand times now lightweight drapey it's just going to fall beautifully kind of like away from the body in like a natural type of way even if you're not making the elastic one you still want something lightweight and drapey because we have all this gathering at the neckline I usually make sure that that gathers up nicely and then flows away across the bust beautifully like this one does here so leave any questions that you have for me in the description box I'll do my best to answer them in a timely manner next week we are going to be talking about choosing your exact size so I know that we already chose a size range for the pattern size but we're going to be choosing the exact size of the pattern pieces that you were going to cut out so we're going to be getting into the pattern pieces we're going to be laying them out doing some more measuring cutting into the pattern pieces and you know getting all of that part completely prepped so I hope you'll join me here again next Friday for part two of our sew-along thanks so much for watching and I'll see you then bye


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Deepika here. Let's discuss a question which says evaluate probability of a union b if twice probability of a is equal to probability of b which is equal to 5 over 13 and probability of a upon b is equal to 2 over 5 Now the condition probability of an event e given the occurrence of the event f is given by probability of e upon f is equal to probability of e intersection f upon probability of f where probability of f is not equal to 0 So this is a key idea behind that question We will take the help of this key idea to solve the above question So let's start the solution now we are given twice probability of a is equal to probability of b which is equal to 5 over 13 and probability of a upon b is equal to 2 over 5 Now according to our key idea we have probability of a upon b is equal to probability of a intersection b upon probability of b Provided probability of b is not equal to 0 So this implies probability of a intersection b is equal to probability of a upon b into probability of b Now we are given probability of a upon b is equal to 2 over 5 probability of b is 5 over 13 So probability of a intersection b is equal to 2 over 5 into 5 over 13 and this is equal to 2 over 13 Again we know that probability of a union b is equal to probability of a plus probability of b minus probability of a intersection b now twice probability of a is equal to 5 over 13 therefore probability of a is equal to 5 over 26 hence probability of a union b is equal to probability of a which is 5 over 26 plus probability of b which is given to us 5 over 13 minus probability of a intersection b which is 2 over 13 and this is equal to 5 plus 10 minus 4 over 26 and this is equal to 15 minus 4 that is 11 over 26 Hence the answer for this question is 11 over 26 I hope the solution is clear to you. Bye and have a nice day


This video will teach you how to add Arduino to Autodesk EGLE. You can use this to create an Arduino shield, or add a socket to your design, whereby you can plug in an Arduino board. Although it is possible to create a footprint for the Arduino from scratch, we can use a library that has already been created. Sparkfun has already created a library, which contains several of the most popular Arduino boards. For this tutorial, we will add an Arduino UNO footprint. However, the library also has many other boards, such as the Arduino Mega, Arduino Pro, and Tinsy boards. Follow the link on screen to download the library. Inside the zip file there is an LBR file, which is an EGLE library. Next, open EGLE and click options, followed by directories. Here you will see all of the directory paths for the different EGLE files. The first path in the list shows the location of custom EGLE libraries. If you are using Windows, the $Home directory represents your documents folder. If you are using Mac OS, the $Home directory represents your home folder, which can usually be found in your Finder Favorites. You can also type the path directly into Finder, as shown here. Next, move the downloaded LBR file into the folder. We should now be able to locate the custom library from within EGLE. From the main screen, expand the library section and then open the libraries folder. You should see the SparkFun library in the list. Go ahead and expand it to view the components in the library. We will add an Arduino UNO board. This will provide us with a socket, whereby we can plug an Arduino into our PCB design. There is also a separate footprint available, if you wish to create a shield for the Arduino instead. Select the Arduino UNO from the list by highlighting it. The details will load in the space on the right hand side. There are three different footprints associated with the Arduino UNO component. You can choose whichever you prefer. In order to add the component, we need to have a schematic open. You can use an existing schematic, but for this example we will create a new one. Next, click to add the footprint to your schematic. You can now wire the footprint as desired. When you create a board, the Arduino footprint will appear as a component, so you can place it as necessary. Congratulations! You have successfully added Arduino to Eagle. Visit sitech.com, forward slash PCBs, for more tutorials like this.


Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell here. I'm gonna do a video today just showing some of the Short shotgun microphones that are currently out there on the market both for connectivity over XLR requiring phantom for your mo your more pro camera setups and also ones that terminate in 3.5 mil one-eighth For connecting directly into audio input jacks on DSLR mirrorless and more consumer level gear So guess where I am looking for I'm on BNH and I type in short shotgun and I got more Results than I expected to but I just created a little wish list which I'm gonna jump you guys into to show what I think are some of the more Standout options in this particular product category now firstly. Why short shotgun microphones? So if you take a look at my Canon XA40, which I picked up recently I went for the like cheapest phantom powered shotgun that Basically, I could get an afford because I'm like kind of gradually saving up For these purchases and the camera itself is like a big purchase But this is a not short shotgun so you can see the camera the Canon XA40 comes in at 21 centimeters I think you can see my you can see my mouth. So that's great This is 21 centimeters and the microphone itself is 28 So the point of this is you can see right? That's not so bad having a bit of foam over there But you can see it kind of stretches out past now for portability This is a bit of an issue because if you're you know If your camera bag is kind of tight and you expect it according to your camera Size or pretty close to that a very big long shotgun on a short ish Camera like these compact pro camcorders from Canon might mean like in my case that your camera bag no longer fits That's a bit of a problem if you've invested in a good camera bag So there's a reason that short shotguns have a place if space is not a constraint the long ones are more directional Here's what a short shotgun looks like on my camera the XA40 I shot was this setup at a conference this week and unfortunately My microphone vanished after shortly after the shot was taken. I think some of the one of the audio guys Mistakenly thought it was part of their gear So I'm gonna have to either figure out a way to get it back or buy another one. It's a bit of a bit of a bummer So Regarding short shotguns before I go into the various options Let me just a couple of things to know about them This is this is a resource from sure who of course are a very trustworthy brand in the microphone world They say a short shotgun is less directional than its longer siblings But often useful when length must be minimized It still provides better rejection of off-access high frequencies than a hypercardioid microphone would so think about what they're saying There is that like And I saw this being discussed on the videography subreddit There's such thing as a shotgun microphone being actually too directional for your needs like if your interview talent is moving around a little bit Excessive directionality might be a bad thing on the flip side a lack of Directionality in the in the polar pattern might be a negative too if it's pick if it's picking up a lot of noise from the site so rejection and the polar pattern is very important when it comes to microphones and This is what I've seen I've seen it written in a few other places So I'm you know, I trust sure is correct in this The key the key takeaway here a short shotgun is less directional than its longer siblings and most Professional shotgun microphones come in various sizes. I've noticed your long shotguns your medium shotguns and your short shotgun So that's kind of the playoff. You're getting less in the way of size and as I mentioned with my photo my camcorder It's a lot. It looks a lot better the day the day I got to play around with my short shotgun looked an awful lot tidier It fit into my camera bag better, but you're going to be getting less directionality because it's short the microphone Diaphragm is shorter now regarding short shotgun microphones. I could find on the market That's a dangerous add-all to cart button because no I do not have seven thousand dollars on hand to order every short shotgun microphone in existence I've or I can sort these from price height low and you can see how insanely expensive Microphones can get okay to you didn't read this wrong two thousand four hundred dollars. So when people say that you know Sennheiser is like the top of the microphone market. Nope actually gets more expensive So the pro gear can be super super pricey I'm not you know So I imagine this is used by film and TV where price is just not a concern and they're looking for the very best Money can buy the schlub's money see me T Let's just go back to some stuff that's going to work for most of us regular folk not working in Hollywood So I've heard a bit about this microphone the right coach HC 15 And you can see the reviews on B&H as well Getting down into the more consumer Prosumer friendly price points now my this is the one that I bought and it vanished at the conference was the audio Technica, so that's kind of at the very low end of this particular market jumping up a tiny bit You have the DSE S Mike to S and this is a short shotgun that terminates terminates in XLR and it's also moisture resistant. It's got eight five star reviews on B&H and I've only heard glowing things about deity So for an extra hundred bucks.  I presume the length is written physical dimensions Dimensions length so diameter of naught point seven five length of five point eight three 148 Sorry, it's got two options 148 millimeters. So that's 15 centimeters So there's quite a big difference between a 15 centimeter shotgun and a 30 centimeter shotgun When you're looking at trying to get it onto a small little rig like this Then you've got the Audio Technica 80 8 7 8 7 5 are the kid is 220 bucks, but if you just want to get the microphone you get down to hundred and 70 there is this one from Arden. That's hardwired. I don't really like hardwired because it you know Sometimes you want to change up the cabling a little bit But this one I've heard good things about as well. It's another short shotgun hardwired, but I don't know if that shock mount is Like hard onto the car. I presume you can take it off that I'll do it's just to show one final one. This one seems to be exceptionally popular in the short shotgun world It's the Sony ECM VG1 and you'll see some knockoffs Places like Ali Express, but it's they're pretty much as expensive Sometimes as the original and this is a $200 short shotgun microphone from from Sony And you know, there's you can watch reviews for all of these on YouTube And it does run on phantom power So if you're gonna have to be properly set up On the camera or camcorder side that you have something which has an XLR in Or you know if you want it you can terminate this in 3.5 I'm not sure you can do it's designed to be used over XLR with phantom power So that is the short shotgun microphone world quick review Based on what I'm recording this video in late May of 2022 Hope this was helpful for some other folks looking to pick up one of these microphones And if you enjoyed this video, please consider subscribing to this YouTube channel


My name is Sarah Gulabdara, CEO of Legacies of War, as well as the chair of the U.S. Campaign to Ban Landmine and Customization Coalition. My name is Dr. Lekin Anu. I'm a professor of sociology at California State University of Long Beach. I'm here today at USIP for the second annual War Legacies Symposium on Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. So the Legacies of War, and this is in respect to the American Secret War in Laos, where from 1964 to 1973, the United States dropped over 2.5 million tons of ordnance during 580,000 bombing mission over Laos. I was born after the war, and my first memory of a bomb happened when my father had to operate on a classmate of mine right in front of our house. My dad was a surgeon during that time. The little girl was just walking home from school, just as I was. So this haunting memory have left like an impact on my life, and which has led me to my role today. For me personally, the fact that not having the opportunity to get to know my extended family members in Cambodia, my grandparents, my aunts and uncles and cousins, one cannot underestimate the lost opportunity for experiential memory making and the lack of opportunity to interact with them. And that interaction and memory making opportunities is a way to transmit cultural history and experiences that are important to the Cambodian identity. While I can't speak for the rest of Americans in the US, I can say that Cambodian Americans in particular, for me as a medical sociologist, I try to find solutions to the unresolved trauma that affects my community, both in the United States and in Cambodia. And so when I heard about the International War Crimes Tribunal, the extraordinary chambers in the courts of Cambodia, I heard that there was an opportunity to have Cambodian survivors participate in the search for justice in K-002, the prosecution of the former senior Khmer Rouge defendants. And so I contacted the court officials and they basically said, yes, you can participate by way of submitting victim information form. So I figured out the mechanics of international law and the victim's participation. Long story short, I was able to submit the largest collection of testimonies with the community, Cambodian community across the United States. So this is our contribution to peace and reconciliation in Cambodia. In 2016, when President Barack Obama visited Laos, he was the first sitting U.S. president to actually go to Laos and acknowledge America's history there during the American secret war. He not only acknowledged, but he was out there with the people and he made a landmark announcement of $90 million for the next three years, so $30 million each year to address the impacts of unexplored ordinance victims' assistance and mind-race education. So since then, legacies of war have worked with our leaders in Congress, including Senator Patrick Leahy and Tim Reiser from his team to ensure that funding grows each year to address this issue. Number one first and foremost is working and deepening our commitment to ensure that funding level for UXO clearance, victim assistance, mind-race education grows. I think this is a great opportunity for U.S. investment to invest in health infrastructure, training for nurses and other medical professionals, and of course, the transportation available to achieve this in order to save more lives. In today's symposium, we talked about 7,000, you know, exchanges between Vietnamese and U.S. You know, I think this is an opportunity to do the same with the youth in Laos. The opportunities, I believe that we've already tried the political and economic approach. I believe it's important to promote the U.S.-Kimboan relations by way of sociological approach and endeavors to tap into unconventional ways to address how to help people tap into the creative aspects, arts, culture, language, and that the opportunities could be in the form of education, especially for the younger generation. Majority don't know what had happened, why it happened, and how to understand how this tragic history is a part of their identity, part of their history, but yet it should not define them. So how do we transform that something is negative and the legacies of war and conflict and devastation could be used as a way to promote healing and justice so that we can find accountability and justice for those that have been victimized by this?


Another Patreon request, this time from Mauricio, a horror themed game called Nosferatu. If you remember a few months ago I looked at a Super Famicom game called Clock Tower. If you liked that game's vibe, but got frustrated with the slow pace and point and click gameplay, you might dig Nosferatu instead, since it's more of a cinematic platformer that allows you to be more hands on, or more accurately fists on, as there's no weapons here, fighting goblins, Frankenstein's monsters, mummies, all sorts of creatures with your bare hands. But yeah, since this is a 2D cinematic platformer, the controls are very deliberate, or if you'd rather put it bluntly, stiff and slow. I wouldn't call the controls here as stiff as something like out of this world though. Nosferatu controls a bit closer to something like the SNES port of Prince of Persia, and that's not necessarily a bad thing. The problem is that, like I said, you've only got your fists to use, as well as a jump kick and a running charge. That's pretty much it for attacks, and that makes the game get pretty boring after a while. Weapons would have been a nice addition here, especially since this game is really freaking tough, with spikes everywhere, dissolving floors, boss fights that are like Wars of Attrition, buzz saws coming at you.  There's no blood in this game at all. Kind of weird considering this game is, you know, named after a vampire. But yeah, Nosferatu is really tough, with timing-based puzzles that can take a few tries to get the hang of. No saves or passwords here either. But thankfully, the game at least allows you unlimited continues, so that's good. I will say, though, for a cinematic platformer, at least the jumping here is forgiving. You manage to cling to ledges pretty easily instead of just automatically falling to your death, like in games like Blackthorn. Anyway, you play as Kyle as he makes his way through several different castles in Transylvania, in the hopes of rescuing his significant other, Erin, after she was kidnapped by who else but Nosferatu. Along the way, you can collect three different kinds of crystals. Green recovers health, blue extends your health meter, and red increases your attack, and you can lose red crystals as you take damage from enemies. One thing I should point out that wasn't made clear by the game is that each treasure chest can contain more than one crystal, so keep that in mind and make sure to check each chest more than once. The big selling point and strength of Nosferatu is the overall presentation, the visual design, the sprite work, and the music. The pixel art here is fantastic, the backgrounds, the intro here. I mean, if this is the kind of vibe you're seeking, you've found it here. This is well done. The music especially, I feel, adds a lot. This is one of the more underappreciated soundtracks on the Super Nintendo. My only thing is that the castle setting gets kind of old after a while, the colors used in the actual levels are just drab, so I wish they utilized the outdoor settings a little more, for example, but they're only reserved for boss fights. So yeah, is Nosferatu worth playing today? It depends on what you're looking for.  The controls do take some getting used to, of course, but if you liked Prince of Persia for SNES, you'll do just fine with this game. You might spike a few controllers in frustration because of how hard this game can be, but still, Nosferatu is an enjoyable game and a kind of underrepresented niche on the Super Nintendo.