With this we come back to the problem of Hartree-Fock and we had derived the Hartree-Fock-Ruthan equation as Fc equal to Fce. I hope all of you have done this exercise of checking that you have to write in the manner Fce and you cannot write in any other way. And we also wrote F in terms of the coefficient and remember that the F now everything the input matrices are all in terms of atomic orbitals. So if I have integrals in terms of the atomic orbitals I can construct F. However F will depend on the coefficients or what we call charge density bond order matrix which is actually related to the coefficient. So I hope you remember this terminology that we define a P mu nu as a matrix which is sum over molecular orbitals i equal to n by 2, 2 times C nu i and C nu i star, something like this. So this was the definition of the charge density bond order matrix where the summation was over the molecular orbitals. So now the final index molecular orbital does not appear it is only atomic orbital and we can write the entire expression of Fock matrix in terms of F mu nu or we actually were writing F nu mu does not matter. In terms of the two electron one and two electron integrals last time I showed you how to quickly write one and two electron integrals as well as P mu nu or P mu nu matrices project the charge density bond order matrices. So once you write then the question is how do you solve it? I also told you the iterative method starting from a Born-Oppenheimer geometry choice of basis set A mu then you have to actually calculate the one and two electron integrals then guess the P that is the important thing the P depends on the coefficients construct the Fock matrix solve the equation get nu coefficients construct P again construct Fock matrix and continue to do till it converges. So that was the basic iteration we will write it again at the end but let me complete the story because there is a subplot on how to solve this because that is something we have not discussed after we construct Fock matrix at every iteration you have to solve this equation. So the problem with this equation is that the original basis sets are not orthogonal not orthonormal or orthogonal. So that was the problem and that is the reason it did not become an eigenvalue equation if they were orthonormal then this S would have become unit matrix and this would have been automatically an eigenvalue equation. So the strategy to do that is actually to orthogonalize the basis set. So I have started with some matrices A the basis sets A mu I want to now construct a new basis let us say A nu prime which is orthonormal the original matrices are not orthonormal in fact they are actually not orthogonal to be more precise they can be normalized to unity by itself but their overlap is not 0 that is the problem overlap with each other with different mu and nu is not 0. So we now want to construct a new A mu prime which is orthonormal from the original set and then we will see how does that this equation look like and then we will worry about how to solve. So you construct A mu prime by a transformation as usual all if you have a basis you can transform to another basis by a transformation matrix. So we will use a transformation matrix X.  So this is the original matrices original basis which are transformed by this transformation matrix X note the way the indices have been used. So for the mu th vector A mu prime the mu th column of X represents that vector. So that is the only thing it is a column because this is coming in the second index. So that is the only thing that you have you should be consistent whenever you write a matrix notation rho and column. So that is what we have been using. So if I do this then it is very clear that the original matrix was original basis was not orthogonal but the basis which I am generating are orthogonal. So quite clearly this X cannot be unitary matrix remember unitary matrix connects only orthogonal sets one orthogonal set one orthonormal set another orthonormal set. So in this case of course this matrix is connecting a non-orthonormal set to an orthonormal set and the matrix is actually not unitary. So it is just to remember that because we always have this concept of transformation by unitary matrices so in this case X is not unitary. So then we need to know what should be the character of X what is unitary? Unitary essentially means X dagger X is identity. So it is not of that character. So what is the character of the X such that the Mu prime set will become orthonormal. So to analyze that let us look at the overlap of 2 prime let us say Mu prime and Mu prime. So this should become delta Mu nu. So what I will do is to expand both left and the right hand side exactly like with this basis. However remember with this transformation remember Mu and Mu are fixed index so when I use transformation I must use different dummy indices. So that you just remember. So let us say for Mu I am using sigma or whatever lambda whatever lambda and another for sigma. So I have two transformations to make. So one is this one. So this will now become X so it is Mu. So remember this will be lambda. So it is X lambda Mu star the left side I am doing and here of course you have got A lambda then I will write the rest. Then I am expanding this side so this will now become nu this will become sigma. So X sigma nu A sigma is it clear? Do not get confused with Mu and nu. I used here Mu and nu but this nu can be sigma lambda anything depending on my requirement. Here of course I cannot use Mu and nu because these are my specific indices. So the Mu th one I am actually expanding by lambda. The dummy variable is lambda in this case. So it becomes X lambda Mu star so nu becomes lambda and A lambda goes here in the integration. Then this becomes now expansion of A nu prime. So actually here everything has to change. Mu has to become nu this nu has to become sigma. So this becomes X sigma nu A sigma. Just remember this is an expansion so these indices you have to understand the indices that is all. You can actually expand this. So this is the very important thing how to write this. Once you can write this correctly then everything will be okay. So you have to be very careful in writing this. So now I will do a transformation in the following manner. X lambda Mu star I am going to write as X dagger Mu lambda. It is a matrix. So note that the X dagger Mu lambda will be nothing but X lambda Mu star. Then this is going to become the original overlap matrix between the A which I have already defined as S. So this becomes S lambda sigma. This is already defined as a overlap matrix in the original basis. And then I write the next X sigma. Remember these are all numbers so I can turn them around any way I want. Remember what I am doing is I am not doing matrix changes. Under lambda and sigma these are numbers. So I am just rewriting this expression all over again. Then you can see now I have a matrix multiplication. This is a repeated index. So the whole thing can be written as X dagger S X Mu nu. You all agree? Now I do the matrix multiplication because I have been able to bring the indices in correct order. Please remember these are the little arithmetic that you have to keep doing in matrices. It is not very difficult. Now I can say the entire, now I do not need to write the summation. Please remember because summation has been hidden under multiplication. So if you expand this you will get this. Mu nu. This one my condition is that this should be delta Mu. Because I want this to be orthonormal. So this gives me a condition on X. I was looking for the condition on X. I said X is not unitary. So what is the condition that the X should satisfy such that the transformation of this basis which is a non orthonormal basis by the matrix A becomes orthonormal. So now I have got the condition. Quite clearly if X dagger S X Mu nu is delta Mu nu I can write that the X dagger S X is an identity matrix. With an identity matrix Mu nu at element is a delta Mu nu. So once I know that my X dagger S X must be identity matrix I must now choose an X which will do the job. And this is where there are several choices. So a popular choices, there are two popular choices. One is called the canonical, canonical choice. Another is called the Lafdins which is actually symmetric and we are going to use that.  Now you see if I just do a matrix X is matrix S to the power minus half. If I put it here quite clearly S is a Hermitian matrix. So X dagger is also Hermitian. So X dagger remains S to the minus half. This becomes S to the 1. This becomes S to the minus half. So overall it becomes S to the 0. So if I put this here then it is S to the minus half because X dagger is Hermitian S S to the minus half and that gives you S to the 0 which is identity. So essentially we need to choose a matrix such that it satisfies this. So obviously S to the minus half is Hermitian.  Please remember it is not inverse. It is X dagger. So it is very important to understand because it is not unitary. And again I am repeating because many people who write both of them cannot be minus half. This will be plus half. So that is not true. That is only when it is unitary. So in fact, so X dagger is actually X Hermitian matrix in this case. Not unitary but Hermitian by my choice. But there can be other choices. So which I am not going to discuss. There is only one choice that I will discuss. I will probably mention another choice which is also very popular. But let us work with this X equal to X to the power minus half. And with this I can now orthonormalize this basis set. I can go from a basis A to a basis A prime. So that is so. Then we can now continue. So next my problem is of course how do I calculate S to the minus half? I hope all of you know how to calculate function of a matrix. I did that in previous class in 4 to 5 probably. I do not know if I have done it here. But it is good to remember that given any Hermitian matrix you can find a function of that matrix. So one way to do that. So if I have a let us say any A to the power n, do not multiply A many, many times. But diagonalize A that will be unitary transformation.   And in general any U dagger function of A, U would be function of A D. So to calculate this function of A, now you do reverse transformation.  So this will become identity, this will become identity you will have only f of A. The trick is that since A D is a diagonal to find A D to the power n is very simple. All you have to do is to make nth power of the diagonal elements and then you do back transformation. If it is a complicated function you just take that complicated function of the diagonal elements whatever that is very easy, a number. So for example if I have S to the minus half it is very difficult to do a matrix to the power minus half. How will you do matrix to the power minus half? But what you can do is to diagonalize this matrix, S matrix to get a diagonal S D and then take inverse of the diagonal matrix. That is very easy because all you take is inverse of the eigenvalues and then back transform. So calculation of X itself is a task. Remember there are many sub tasks that we are discussing. After I have now got X the task is to calculate X. But let us say that you know how to calculate X but that sub task now I am just writing a simple algorithm. Diagonalize S which means I know U and diagonal S which is eigenvalues matrix but diagonal. Then calculate S D to the power minus half that is cheap. A diagonal matrix to the inverse is very easy just take inverse of all the diagonal elements reconstruct.  So this is a small task that you must allow the computer to perform to get X and remember this is very useful. Even if you are taking 100 power of a matrix that can be constructed as a function. Do not multiply the matrix 100 times. It is much easier to diagonalize this matrix once and then take 100 power of this function S to the power 100. Let us say that is very quick because it is only eigenvalues. 100 power of a number is very quick and then back transform. One more transformation. Only one. So I can give you a sine of A, cosine of A. Any power series like S to the minus half is a power series. You do not have to bother about this because since it is true for every power of n since the function can always be expanded in a power series it is true for in general for a function of A. So that is the whole argument. So after that you just apply this. So that makes it very nice idea again borrowing from something which mathematicians knew. Then take the inverse square root of sd and then back transform. So this is the basically the step and I have written it down. It is very simple. I have not written down calculate sd to the power minus half but that is obvious. That is a very obvious step to do that and that is the cheapest step diagonal element you can take any function and then of course back transform. This is called the back transform because you had U dagger on the left. Now U dagger comes on the right. So that is why I am calling it back transform and back transform essentially gives you this part out. So this is a small part that you have to do. I will not write s to the minus half anymore. I am going to write the equation now in terms of x. The reason is I can use some other x. Labdian orthogonalization is one choice but there may be some other x. So right now I will make it general. Whatever x I use remember x dagger sx must be identity. That is important. So this is something that we have to remember that that is a condition that x dagger x must be identity. So let me now say that I know this matrix x. So the point that I discussed right now is only to tell you that I know how to orthonormalize this. What is the x? Whatever is the x I have given you one choice. There can be other choices and there are many many choices you can discuss but that is not important. Most of the time the symmetric s to the minus half is used in most programs. So I just told you the most popular choice. So x dagger sx is identity matrix and then let us see what happens to this equation. That is my main concern. How do I solve the equation with this? So with after knowing this x which transform a to a prime basis I now want to define a few quantities. So for example I first want to go back to the equation sce. Remember this is of course a diagonal matrix which contains the orbital energies as in the diagonal elements that is something that I need to find out and I do not know the coefficients. I pre-multiply this matrix x with x dagger. So I write this equation as x dagger sce. So that is the first task I do. Now that I know x matrix I pre-multiply with x dagger. Then what I do is to insert here an identity in the following manner and insert here also. An identity in the following manner x dagger fx x inverse c. This is an identity xx inverse quite clearly because x is not unitary but xx inverse is always identity by definition. So there is one small assumption that this x whatever x I choose I have lots of x's to choose but this x must be non-singular. Even when I calculate s to the power minus half it is very clear that it may become singular under the condition if one of the eigenvalues of s becomes 0. Because remember when I am doing sd to the power minus half they are the eigenvalues of the s. I am diagonalizing s. I wrote in that sideline I diagonalizing s. See one of the eigenvalues becomes 0 then I cannot take inverse square root to the power minus half. So such a situation occurs provided the basis there is a dependence in the basis.  Now usually we know how to do this. Today's basis says we know how to do that. So I have started with this original equation which I have to solve pre-multiply by x dagger from the left. Then after between f and c and between s and c I have introduced an identity xx inverse. Then I define a new quantity x inverse c. So let us define x inverse c as c prime. Note that since x is a non-singular matrix x inverse exists. I can calculate x inverse and I can define a new coefficient matrix. Remember our c was a coefficient matrix which gave the molecular orbitals in terms of the atomic orbitals or a basis. Now I have a new transformation matrix. In fact very quickly you will see that this is the transformation matrix where the same molecular orbitals are expanded in terms of the prime basis c prime. So it is like I looked at the molecular orbitals in terms of the original atomic orbitals. So I had this coefficient which connects. Now I am looking at the same molecular orbitals in terms of the transformed basis a prime. The one that connects is c prime. So it is like looking at an object with a green specks, another same object with a yellow specks so that matrices become different which transform. So same molecular orbitals are transformed from a by c matrix and they will be transformed from a prime by c prime matrix. So that will be the essential argument of the c prime in the physical interpretation. But right now let me define c prime and define f prime as a new matrix x dagger fx which is very easy to do because as soon as I construct f I can always write x dagger fx because x is known, x is known. So I can do that. So I have defined this, I have defined a new matrix this. This is an identity by definition of x. So quite clearly I can now write an equation f prime, this is f prime, this is f prime, c prime, c prime, c prime, c prime, c prime equal to c prime e which just gives beautifully an Eigen value equation. So all the prime that I have written is the same equation projected in the prime basis. This equation is projected in the a basis, original basis, I have projected in the prime basis. So now I know how to write the equation. The problem is that I cannot have f. I have a projected f which is a prime. That is the only thing but that is not a big deal. All I need to do in my SCF step is to add one more step. When I construct x after that reconstruct a prime because x is known and note x, x has to be calculated only once. It is s to the minus half. So do it outside the iteration. Only once I have to calculate x. Then I do a prime and then I diagonalize. I will write down the entire step. Once I diagonalize I get c prime but then I do not know how to construct f prime from c prime but does not matter. I will go back to c by a reverse transformation. So c is x, c prime. Pre-multiply by x. So x x inverse identity. So c is x, c prime. Once I know c prime I reconstruct c, I reconstruct f because rather I reconstruct p first. Then reconstruct f.  So I have just added a few more steps. I am going to write down the entire step now but I hope it is clear that I just go back to the orthonormal basis and then come back to my original non-orthonormal basis. Construct f because that is where my f is known. f is known in terms of the original basis. So I construct that then I again make my new f, re-diagonalize, get the new c, reconstruct the old c, old p, old f.  You just have to remember the steps. It is very easy. I am going to write down the entire steps of course now but I am just explaining first. So once you do that, you get c prime. From c prime you get c which is x c prime and then once you have c construct p from the c and then eventually f and then back to f prime and then go back. If you write an expression of f prime with respect to c prime but then all these x dragors will anyway come. It is not a big deal. Same thing in a more complicated way. So I am basically dividing the steps. Computationally it is always better. Like if you multiply three matrices, you write two matrices first then multiply the third matrix. I hope all of you know this. Computationally you never multiply three matrices. You never write sum over lambda, sigma. Even this that I wrote once that I showed you something like x mu, I do not remember x, x, x mu sigma, x dagger mu sigma, s sigma mu whatever, x, x mu lambda whatever. You can write anything you want. So when you summing over, never sum all of them at a time. I write in algebra it is okay but when you sum, you sum these two then sum these. So bring only one index at a time summation index. I hope all of you know this is a very simple computer tricks that we always use. So one way to explain that is to make a generally three matrices. Let us say I am writing d equal to a b c. So your expression is d i j equal to sum over a i k, b k l, c l j sum over k l. Let us say it is m dimensional problem. If I start all the loops together when I write a computer program, for every i j I have a summation over k l. So for every i j how many steps I have to do apart from the multiplication? This multiplication has to be done m square times because k is 1 to m, l is also 1 to m and then I have to construct m square number of coefficients like that. So the entire process is called m to the power 4. I think you have to understand these nomenclatures. So it is m to the power 4 because to construct the entire matrix d, I have to do m to the power 4 steps. Within each step of course there is a multiplication but that is not bothered. On the other hand you can break it down. You can first construct a b. So if you do this a b multiplication, how many steps will be there by the same definition? m cube because you have only one summation in a b. Then multiply c.  So large m, it is much less than m to the power 4. So that is the strategy. So this becomes actually proportional to m cube, not m to the power 4. So by very simple trade you can bring down the computer time. So when you ask people to write computer program, that is the first thing I give. Multiply three matrices. Now those who have learned FORTRAN, they will first start doing du i equal to something, du j equal to something, du k equal to something, du l equal to something. Write it down. That is the easiest thing to write. d of i, j equal to a of i, k into b of k comma l. Oh, program is over. Bad program. Program is okay. It will give correct results. So you have to understand that is not the program you are looking for in high performance computing. But that is a good thing to start with. If even somebody can write that, I will be happy initially. Then you learn, why do you write? Then you learn that these matrices are sparse. Most of the elements are zero. So then how will you do it? I give you only the non-zero elements and they are indices. Now write down a program. That is much, much harder. You cannot have a loop drive. Du i, du j, that will not work. Random numbers are given which are only non-zeros whose indices are given to you, both for both a, b, c, for all three a, b, c or a, b, whatever. Multiply them. That is a harder problem. So I am trying to give to my students. They are struggling. So that is a harder problem actually to do. But then only you realize how to do because that is a sparse matrix. Most of the quantum chemistry matrices are sparse. So you do not unnecessarily multiply zero times something. Just to get zero you do not do work. When you know it is zero. Any one of them is zero is going to zero, become zero. So you do not even go through that. But that is a second level of problem. But initially remember that the multiplication itself is a challenging task. So what you are telling is essentially I can do that but all these multiplications will be involved. So better to break it down. So then each time we go into the loop we have to also find an exit now when it has converged. Now I have been discussing that. Quite clearly a convergence test can be done directly with the c in the coefficients of converged or conversely if density matrix has converged. So I construct the density matrix. I can directly write density matrix. So one of the ways to do that is to construct the density matrix at the nth iteration is nth iteration mu nu. Compare with the earlier iteration mu nu right mod square sum over all mu common. Element by element you compare with the mod square. Why mod square is important? That makes it positive. That is important because otherwise you may get zero because one element is highly positive different another is negative but all both of them are wrong. They have to actually converge the right value. So take mod square. This number should be less than some delta or epsilon. Delta is a very small quantity. If this is so then it is converged. So that is my exit policy. So then I will exit from Hartree Fog. That means I am satisfied. Now your Hartree Fog is as accurate as your delta. Of course if you put a very high delta then you will exit very quickly and somebody will put a very low delta you get a better Hartree Fog. Now typically these numbers are 10 to the minus 7, 10 to the minus 8, 10 to the minus 9 you know typically but you know this can you have to be very careful when you write a Hartree Fog program. Many times your program has more or less converged. This has come up to 10 to the minus 7 but you have put a delta which is 10 to the minus 12. It will never come that low. So program is running stupidly and finally it will say after 200 iterations it has not converged. But actually it is almost converged. Numerically you never get 0. Remember numerically so it is because you are not paying attention and unfortunately many people do that in the old days when they used to give input. Today of course your can programs like Gaussian takes care. It is quite intelligent so it sets everything and it will even tell you if it has not converged why it has not converged reset the delta in this manner and then do it but that is not good you know you should people should learn on their own why it is happening look at the output those skills are unfortunately vanishing very few people have in in you know we are learning program there is no other option we have to make it converge so at first understand why is it not converging if it is going down and down but it is not reached 10 to the minus 11 it is it 10 to the minus 10 in 200 iteration we will take another 50 iteration to reach 10 to the minus 11 is not important that's an acceptable value in terms of number of digits you can stop it okay so that is a kind of judgment that you have to make computer will of course print that it has not converge that's what you have asked it to print okay because you have given the delta if it has not reached you will not it will say not convert and then you go and report your supervisor no no no the SCF is not working it is not converge so that's very bad you know that is where I expect all students to look at it why it has not converge so look at the output of a program very carefully and then you yourself can change it many times you don't have to bother and the and in the same thing will happen for geometry optimization many many things it is this is only a safe optimization any iterative steps this will happen so this is my convergence test okay so if I understand the convergence test I can now write down the all the steps in a in a in a way that will that will give you the Hartree-Pock program and that is what is done in all the program except the one thing that I have not discussed is how to even choose the original basis a the basis of atomic orbitals I'll come down come back later so let's say that I know how to choose it so right for so the initial thing is of course the step one is to choose your geometry because everything is born open hammer approximation so it's a BO so I'm going to define my born open hammer electronic Hamiltonian by choosing the geometry which essentially means choose the nuclear coordinates there's nothing else about geometry where the nuclear are once I do that my second point is to choose the basis in that geometry choose my MU then calculate the 1 and 2 electron integrals I hope all of you know what is 1 and 2 electron by now everything in atomic orbital basis so there is no molecular orbitals molecular orbitals will come in terms of the coefficients and in terms of the P matrix so it's all going to be hidden there so calculate 1 and 2 electron integrals in AO basis this atomic orbital basis and then guess P in atomic orbit and now usually you will say I have no clue now to the coefficients how do I guess one of the guess could be make it 0 which means f will be nothing but h code mu to start with okay so then you construct f whatever is your guess construct f note that now f is available in terms of P already I have given the expression so construct f once I construct f now I come to the safe equation so now I know what I have to do I have already told you that I must construct x first so I have to add steps here when I say calculate 1 and 2 electron integrals the 1 electron integrals also involve x s overlap matrix so calculate 1 and 2 electron integrals and x whatever be that x be okay so this requires some step because you have s remember overlap integral is also a 1 electron integral just like h code so all 1 and 2 electron integrals s but if you want to write this you can write separately that even here I can write calculate overlap s and x which means s to the power minus of okay and calculate rest of them if I do that then I don't have to write this I can make this step 3 you know that's my choice I can make this step 4 step 5 step 6 that's any unimportant what is the number once I have done this now construct f prime which is x dagger f x now I know x I know f construct this and then diagonalize I will only say diagonalize if I diagonalize f prime my output is c prime eigenvectors so when I diagonalize I get eigenvalue c prime and e so when I diagonalize f prime I get c prime with that c prime I construct c so diagonalize f prime the output is c prime and of course e but e is not important at this stage I am going to look at e only when it is converged I reconstruct c back I look at the MO in the old basis and then construct p again because if I c has changed then p must change correct then the step 11 is to subject it to the convergence test now convergence test because I have constructed p here which is my guess okay later on it will be constructed and I have constructed p so compare between the earlier and this iteration so basically I will just say do a convergence test then if it is successful of course it will never be successful after first iteration but I am generally writing exit and then print all the things once you exit you had e everything now all the outputs you print coefficient everything if not which is of course initially that's what is going to happen you have to now go back to I have got my p so go back to step c six okay step six is now construction of f again reconstruct a prime again diagonalize reconstruct c reconstruct p again do a convergence test if successful this is my exit remember other loop will continue if not go to step six there is another way you have exit that is if your number of times you do that is more than 100 more than 200 exit which is what I just now said and then if computer just means oh I failed you know I did a lot of hard work I couldn't hundred means I have done a lot of hard work okay but you know I'm not writing that part but eventually you know I failed okay so which could be for many many reasons so you go to step six and of course continue continue again you come to step 12 this more or less now summarizes the entire scf state and as if you understand you know how to write program you would actually be able to write an algorithm at least if not program in a flow chart I mean those who have done done little bit of programming there's something called flow chart you do these box how to do each of them is a different matter and it becomes complete thing however we have to come back and discuss this this is very important how do I choose I have left it right now blank so I but today I thought I will discuss with you this part is very very important to remember please also look at this projection operator it is very important to look at this sorry this charge density bond order it's not a projection operator charge density bond order which I had written down a sum over i equal to 1 to n by 2 2 c mu i star sorry 2 c mu c mu i star okay just just reflect on this matrix I am going to come back in the next class to discuss properties of the charge density bond order matrix which I have just written but there are some interesting properties that I will look at question is that is it an idempotent matrix there are lots of questions we will do I already was telling that is it a projection operator okay so you have to see it's a matrix however these two are vectors in fact in a matrix form you can write this as 2 c c dagger we will see how to look at that as I think it looks obvious the way I have written p mu nu because you have to sum the sum now is over the molecular orbital so that is why this is a very interesting matrix because here the coefficient would be 2 c mu the second index is a molecular orbital c is the only one which is the connection with the atomic and molecular orbital remember so that's a very interesting thing 2 c mu i c dagger i nu which is c nu i star so if you see this matrix is actually 2 c c dagger and we can look at whether it is whether it is idempotent or not so if you do p square what will you get you will get 4 c c dagger c c dagger clearly it is not idempotent it is clearly not an idempotent matrix so what is the properties of the matrix I will come back and discuss about p very interesting matrix right now I have left it as just a mathematics construct because this is there will lot of there will be a lot of interpretation of this matrix because this is where I said physically mullican analysis is bond order lot of things will go so we will have to explain that so we will come back to that but please go through these steps if you have any doubt because this is something again not very typical it is not taught most of the classes and we will also discuss later any other ways of going x but that's not important I think we will stick to mostly s to the minus up and remember how do you construct x that is very important s to the minus half diagonalize s so that's another step here so you can keep on building more and more steps that's of course 100 steps you can build each has a sub task so you have to diagonalize s then you can say that get unitary transformation do sd to the power minus half back transform so each step has many many sub tasks so that number of steps you can write as many as you want to write okay but I mean that I think matters should be very clear that each of them is a sub task and you know you know this is something where you can actually start programming you start writing F so you become boss you know after some time so you can break down and give and give it to the students and then start assembling programming is very important after that it assemble all the modules and of course they have to have similar symbols these all that but I think the reason I'm writing it down that this can actually be a step to program apart from just knowing the theory you can actually look at all the steps total SCF these programs are also available on parallel machine today that means many processors are run together but if you are do only on single processor okay sequential codes hundred bases it in a good Intel you know depends on what is your CPU top of the line CPU you know this very complicated question loaded questions it may not even take one minute then what do you mean run the code write the code that depends on you that completely depends on you right per atom today we use maybe 25 30 35 depends on what if it's a heavy atom or even more that we discuss when you discuss the basis how to choose them okay but yeah writing the code how long time it takes it depends writing does not take time the debugging text for sure if you are going to write a code is not going to give results you can I can you can try a simple matrix multiplication it doesn't give you results in the big I don't know how many of written you will get something zero because something is not defined so that's another issue program writing I don't want to convert this into writing program in fact I was very tempted to take a course on computer programming actually in chemistry but there is no course actually you know it is so complicated yeah but where which core number you tell me the number 504 504 485 is that right so nobody takes it now who is taking it so it is taught these are taught these are taught no I mean basic for yeah but if you if you know then you should be able to write some of this but as I told you even to construct this you have to be careful x dagger fx is again construction f prime mu nu x dagger mu sigma f sigma lambda x lambda nu right again 3 multiplication you have to do break it up to 2 so every step you have to be very careful okay so I just want to tell you that I if you expand every step now you can see that there are so many things to do that's why it's like every step can be a small computer problem msc student one almost each step you know if somebody has to just construct s and then get x that itself is a good project you have to diagonalize back transform do sdm to the power minus or back transform construct x is not going to be easy yeah you think it is easy you try it as a project okay I will give you overlap matrices you try and if you have to construct the overlap matrix okay it will take you 1 or 2 years from the basis because you have to understand how to write in terms of Gaussian these that's far more complicated okay all right so that's I think we will close here


That right there is one thick piece of cod. Let me show you how to make it dantastic. First thing I wanna do is slice right there. We're gonna keep that as one piece. And we're gonna take this nice thick piece of the loin right here. We're gonna cut right through the middle. Three nice pieces. Now's when you need a good seasoning. How about the blue top? That's the new Dano's seasoning. Get it, it's for fish. Sprinkle generously and coat your fish. Flip it over, roll it over, and do it again. Let's get it nice and coated. Now we're seasoning properly. Now let's fire up our cast iron pan. We're gonna turn this to a high temperature. It's been about three or four minutes. You can tell we're nice and hot because you can see the smoke. So we're gonna go in with some grape seed oil. This is great for high temperature cooking. And now we lay in our fish. After about a minute and a half, we're gonna take this from a high and turn it down to a medium. Let it keep cooking. All right, now it's been three minutes total. Let's go on and give this a flip. All right, now we're gonna take our little carry-go butter. We're gonna add that in. Let our butter melt. We're gonna go in with some fresh lemon. Here you go. All right, it's been two minutes. Cut it off. Now we can even do a little basting. All right, now it's been a minute. It's just been sitting here simmering. Clean it up. Now you know what time it is. It's time to get a bite. I'm gonna squeeze some fresh lemon. Get that perfect little crust on there. Mm, mm, mm, that's how it's supposed to be done. That is delicious.  That is the yum-yum-get-you-some and something you should try and let me know what you think. Y'all know I love you. Leave a like, leave a comment. We'll see you next time. Keep sprinkling, my friends. Mm, can't get it to stick to my fork. Mm, mm, mm, mm. Mm, mm. Mm-hmm. It's real.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com with a pack of Tops Chrome Baseball Jumbo. Jumbo pack number 58, 12 Tops Chrome Black Teams being given away that it's coming up in the next video. First we're gonna do the pack break, then we'll randomize the names and match you up with a team. Big thanks to this group right here in Brandon. Killing the break too. Appreciate that. All teams are in. This is just for the pack break and a different dice roll for the giveaway part. Four and a one, five times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, and a one, fifth and final time, four and a one, five times for the teams. One, two, three, four. All right, so here's the first half of the list right there, and there's the second half of the list right there. I wonder why we put the Brandon state next to his name. Was there another, was there, is there, there's probably another Brandon Richards out there, right? That must be the reason why, that's why we usually do that. All right, there's the final printout. Hot off the presses. I think along to, yeah, yeah, no, that helps with the, I think you ended up winning the Brandon Richards war though, because I don't think other Brandon Richards has returned. And an autograph. Luis Frias, rookie auto blue. That's for Conrad and the Diamondbacks. 100 out of 150. I think it looks like it might be some, might be the adhesive stuck on the top, that card. I think you probably clean that up a little bit Conrad. I'll just leave it alone. I'll leave you to do it. I think there's some, might be able to Google how, how best to remove that. There's some helpful tips on the inner webs. All right, now here's the, here's the big, big moment right here. Who's going to get those teams? So let's gather everybody's names again. And like I said, we're going to match you up with the team. New dice, new list, and good luck. Three times, two and a one on the randomizer. Top 12 after three, you'll get teams in the next break. Good luck. One, two, and three. All right, so from 13 through 30, sad times, my apologies. But I appreciate everybody giving this a shot. Every time to the top 12, Brandon does have the odds on his side, 12, 11 for Brandon, Brandon less, Brandon, Brandon, Brandon, Conrad, Conrad, Brandon, Brandon, and Brandon, scared money don't make money. Conrad and less, you snuck in to the break as well. So who didn't get in? Evan, my apologies, Crystal, and Eric. We'll get them next time. Thanks for trying though. For everybody else, top 10, and anyone who bought spots in this break, I'll see you in the next video at jaspyscasebreaks.com.


All right, hi everybody. I'm Ardyn Maginski here with Texas Instruments at Embedded World 23 and we're gonna take a look at some exciting products that we're launching for the Embedded portfolio at TI so come with me and check out our booth. It's been a busy show? Oh absolutely, it's been incredible. Lots of momentum, lots of exciting announcements. So we'll talk a little bit about some of the really cool technologies we're doing within MCU and MPU of our products. What we'll talk about today is some of the cool launches we're doing on our MSP portfolio. We'll talk a little bit about our new arm-based M-Zeros and then we'll circle around and take a look at some of our vision processors where we're adding analytics at the edge to make electronics smarter, more intelligent. The latest generations of microcontrollers get to be even smaller in nanometer, lower power consumption. Exactly, you're spot-on, right? Lower power and more integration, that's what we're about. And you can kind of see as the wafers are gaining to 300 millimeter, our capacity continues to grow as well. So let's take a look at some of the cool demos here around our MSP M-Zero portfolio and what we're showing here today is a brand new Just Launch portfolio that we announced yesterday of M-Zero Plus based MCUs. All these? All these? All these are new? Absolutely, so great scalability, lots of different packages, lots of different memory options, and lots of really good analog integration. And that's really where TI differentiates. We add a lot of the architectural and integration around the arm cores to enable our customers to innovate. But we don't stop there. What we do with these parts here is what we actually solve the ease of use and how fast our developers can get started, right? So we've developed a number of configurations and tools that, yeah, a number of different tools that we've enabled our customers to be able to configure the MCU without it needed to program it. So now imagine an analog designer who's trying to innovate with an MCU can start with graphical interface tools that simplify their development cycle, get to production faster, narrow it down to one of our many MCUs, and get going quickly with this M-Zero, MSP-M-Zero process. So this analog configurator, what is that about? Yeah, so what this configurator does is it lets you connect the different analog pins within the device without having to actually write any lines of code. So let's say you want to take an ADC signal in, you want to filter it, and then you want to react to it, right? You can do all of that with configure it with visual blocks rather than writing any lines of code. And the time to market is just substantially simplified, and you can innovate rapidly. Nice. You can see some of the cool applications that MSP-M-Zero's go into here, and really, these are small MCU's, so they're actually everywhere. Believe it or not, every little board in the world will have one of these little chips on it, and you can see it's everything from a car to power to motor control right anywhere you do in any kind of process. There's pretty much buildings that are being shipped. Absolutely. But this is the latest... This is the latest, greatest, lowest power, lowest cost, affordability, bringing MCU's to the masses. Is it ARM Cortex-M-Zero? It's got ARM Cortex-M-Zero Plus, exactly. All right. Very good. So we'll circle around and take a look at some of our visual processors as well. So in addition to the MCU's, we're launching lots of processors today as well focused on vision specifically. So what we've done is, these are also ARM core-based processors, but what we have done is we added a TI-developed AI engine and site that allows us to enable lower power or lower costs than analytics could ever be. And why does that matter? Well, electronics are becoming more and more intelligent, which means they have to make decisions, and those decisions have to be done with low latency. And so they have to happen where the data happens, and that is at the edge, right? And with the scalable portfolio, we actually tailor the size, the power consumption, the cost to the different applications they're needed. We started with something like a 6-2-A family here that enables a single to dual cameras with up to two tops of performance. And then we scale up with our 6-8-A to 1-2-8 cameras and 8 tops, and even to our AIM 6-9-A where we can support up to 12 cameras with 32 tops of performance. Are these all of your board, the partners? Absolutely, yes. So as you can see, all of our kind of TI boards up here where we're demonstrating the various demos. And as you look down, right, this is the scale of the ecosystem that is brought to our portfolio through our partners. And what this does is again, simplifies our customer experience to get to the market faster, through available hardware, through easy-to-use software, and most importantly, making it reusable across all applications. All right. So there's all kinds of shapes and use cases being developed and put to market. Absolutely. There's no one size fits all, right? And that's the differentiation from TI.  All right. And here on the screens, you show some of the Edge Vision AI processing applications. Absolutely. Yes, you can see a few different applications across board here from different cameras. And really what we're showing is the sensor is responding at the edge, right, where it's important to make that decision. So you can see whether it's an intersection where you're trying to see cars and people walk across and you have to turn it off the lights. You want to make sure that is accurate and safe, right? Same with something like a delivery robot that's driving around dropping off packages. You want it to be able to be safe and reliable. Nice. So you're launching the new Vision processor? Oh, yeah. So the same 6A family that you see here just announced yesterday, right? But it's actually now available on TI.com. So everything here you see here, you can come to TI.com slash Edge AI and order today, get started today. So you've been working over the past time to get all these board makers to prepare the boards so that they could be ready. Yeah, and this is an extension of the portfolio we have. So AIME 6 is actually a brand of many different processors and the AIME 6A added analytics to our already existing core base, which has enabled our customers to really reuse a lot of the software and add on the analytics to get to marketing and faster, including our board partners. And that's an ARM Cortex? A53 for the Cortex. And then the accelerator is actually TI developed one. So we can differentiate on the power and affordability of these. And that's directly on the SoC? Directly on the SoC. Integrated fully. So great power performance and power consumption. The power consumption is a really important aspect. It absolutely is very low power. And that's what makes it be able to be at the edge, right? Because once you're at the edge, you have to deploy in all kinds of small form factors, right? You have to make sure that all of these things are can fit what they need to go. And then power becomes a very big consideration. So that's where we've innovated by scaling across our portfolio with all of these low power processors. Nice. So this could be a huge seller potentially. This could be a big market. It's a huge market. As you walk around, you've seen AI, right? All of the electronics are becoming more intelligent. It's a major trend. And it's solving real world problems. So we see a lot of opportunity here for people to innovate. The next gen security cameras, it's just going to be not like the previous gen. Absolutely, smarter, better, safer. All right.  Yeah, we can look at a few more demos as we walk around here with different intelligence. You can see here pose estimation where you can actually tell what the human is doing, right? And you can react. So you can imagine in a factory where you're with a co located with a with a bot, right, that's moving around, and you're moving around, you want to be able to tell exactly where your hands are, right? Because you don't want the robot and the person running into each other, right? And with this kind of AI technology, we can actually do that at the edge and retain privacy because all the decision and all of the data processing happens at the edge, you don't have to send any of the video or data out to the cloud. Nice. All right, because it would be terabytes and terabytes of data. And there's no need. And there's no need. That's exactly. But that's the industrial innovation. Similarly, we see a lot of innovation in retail, home automation. And so one of the demos we're showing here, if you're able to see it. Maybe we'll go on the other side. Alright, let's do that. Yeah, so if you look over here, what we're showcasing with this demo, again, running on our aim six to eight products that you saw over here is object identification and classification for retail use case.  And so what we're showing here is I can actually tell you what you put on your plate and charge you automatically for it, rather than you having to stand in a long line, you know, explaining what you're purchasing. And that innovation is going to make people's lives better. Give us more time back, right? And enjoy our lives a little bit more. So we're extremely excited about some of the things that are happening. Start the alarm. And if you're not getting the right ingredients for your diet. Sure. That's a fantastic idea. I love that. That would definitely help me get better with my diet. Go directly on your phone and connect with your fit app and tell you exactly what you ate. And tell you if you're missing it in the fridge too, right? So you can reorder it as you need it. Nice. Is this just smart programming or is really enabled by your chip? So it's really enabled by our chip because the way AI technology works is actually it is trained on the data, the real world data to make those decisions. So instead of it being, you know, pre-programmed for a decision, it's trained. And what that makes it do is be more accurate, right? More responsive. But also over time, it can self train even more, right? The more bananas I put here, the better the banana recognition will get, right? And so it only gets better with time as well. So each chip gets better or the whole training? The model gets better. Yeah. It gets shared to all the chip somehow. Yeah. I mean, there's a lot of models out there to get trained for sure. But generally you do it on the chip, but these are also connected, right? So we have the things like Ethernet, we have Wi-Fi protocols. So all of these things can talk to each other and improve together as well. Nice. Yeah, it's very exciting. We're super, super excited to be here. Nice. There's a bunch more you want to show? I think we hit all the key ones, I think. So it goes all the way around your booth. And that's all the meeting areas. Yeah, you'll start running into some meeting areas and coffees. But if everybody wants to see me drink some coffee, that's an option too. Cool. All right. We've got the cool stuff. Thanks a lot. I appreciate it. Thank you for coming by. And again, this is Arty Maginski with Texas Instruments here at Embedded World 23.


What's up everybody Jason here for Jasper's case breaks calm 2022 hip parade baseball limited edition series 3 dual case break Just sold out remember this is baseball edition and it's random teams number one 20 total boxes So we have two cases in here guys everybody gets a random team in MLB Which is a core of course these include some autograph cards autograph memorabilia cards and dual autograph cards Ruggies etc. They always have all this stuff in here So here you go We have dice roll here So customer names from John down a Martin bottom straight up and then Daniel from Jeremy won those in a prism sell-up pack And we got dummy backs all the way down to the Washington Nationals and Let's roll One of the four five times damn my four straight streaks of nine is over five times one two three four five Michael or sorry Matt Down to Jeremy here we go one of the four five times five times one three four Atlanta Braves out of the Milwaukee Brewers All right, so many other braves Michael With the Astros crisp of angels marlin with the Cardinals Joe with the Mariners Dan You have the Giants marlin with the Cubs white talks Orioles Pirates Marlins Michael P with the rays right now the other Phillies Marlin with the Reds Sam with the Rangers Marlin with the Nationals Martin with the Tigers Peter with the Royals Marlin with the Yankees as well as the Mets David with the Padres Jeremy with the Rockies John with the Blue Jays Chris of the twins Marlin with the Red Sox and they go the Dodgers Kevin with The A's Michael with the Diamondbacks Marlin with the Guardians and Jeremy with the Milwaukee Brewers There we go And yeah, let's pause the video see if anybody wants to trade and when we come back. We'll see if there's any traits All righty, welcome back guys. There was one trade one one trade Ryan traded the Phillies for Martin's Mets So Ryan now has the Phillies Martin now has the or sorry Ryan now has the Mets Martin has the Phillies Ryan with the little character sign has the Mets now Martin with the Phillies now Logan's still calling a Harper. Well If it goes for the Mets or if it goes for the Phillies great, but it could still be Washington Nationals I guess that feeling when you get to trade for your favorite team or like Team you collect or that feeling when the team gets random us to you. You don't even have to do anything, right? Like the best feeling for you guys boxes. Don't be a push Yeah, but at least see that's the things poor that could happen and you don't hit That's the worst part, but at least you had the opportunity. I mean I really have the opportunity did not All right first one first one We have killer off a Kierloff. Sorry Alice Kierloff rookie for the Minnesota Twins Minnesota good and Chris Walker Yeah, where's the PG flat, you know that people be in on this today with the NHL all-star skills competition going on today My Kings ended their six-game road trip 4-0 and 2 getting 10 points out of the possible 12 Kings are hot right now Very nice five-star autograph of Jose of brave Chicago White Talks that's going to Martin Call you a stramsky that is from archive signature series baseball little chrome 1960 rookie star little reprint and that is not numbered at least not to my knowledge, but Very nice hit for the Red Sox and that is going to Martin all goldschmidt 18 out of 27 That is for the st. Louis Cardinals Going to Martin We have Christian Yellich That is from definitive 21 out of 25 Milwaukee Brewers Jeremy Olson 36 out of 100 We have a bobby wit jr. For the Kansas City Royals Very nice peter with that one Yellich at one point was really high up there, right? I mean mvp But I think he's had a couple rough games or a couple rough seasons. I should say and johnny bench for the Cincinnati Reds That is a class of cooper's town from upper deck baseball 25 out of 25 Cincinnati Reds that is going to Martin Dude, this belage of shit has to be pre-taped because the sun's not even down yet Sun's not even down yet out of five Jacob de grome and you are going to get a package this weekend ryan. Actually, you know what?  We still have another case, but wait, there's more We have lordy's jerry l jr. Two color patch and that is nine out of ten Toronto blue jays That's going to john Alkaline tops heritage Detroit tigers. That's an awesome card a little reprint right there. Maybe 2007 Detroit tigers that's going to martin So there you go first case Dunzo let's go with the next one 57 out of 100 We have ozzie albies from triple threads 16 out of 25 Atlanta braves are going to matt cow ripkin jr authentic game-worn relic that's a piece of the jacket and the jersey from prime patches 2005 40 out of 50 That is Baltimore Orioles going to martin 16 out of 100 We have a nico horner. That is a bowman's first 9 5 10 2018 bowman draft Chicago cubs going to martin 35 out of 100 david right for the meds Another one for rine trade mojo working out good right now And a cube adieu rookie and that looks like a tops holiday It's 200 holiday mega box Detroit tigers going to martin All right, we are down to Now ryan how it just won't stop hitting now It's gonna take all of your guys's hits Well sweet spot Jeff bagwell 16 out of 25 For the houston astros and that is going to michael l you know michael four left We have my piazza 9 out of 25 for the dodgers 2015 tops tier one bronzing it's a 859 um Looks like a little not a smudge, but listen the ink was kind of running out there and then for the surface you had 9.5 corners An eight So actually, you know what made it an 8.5 really was the corners good in eight Which are usually rough in tier one See some white tips, but still a nice hit there for the dodgers and nick tywalk All right three more to go three more to go This one feels heavy. This could be like a transcendent or a gold frame or something Donnie baseball from museum collection four out of 15 Yankees on the board martin Have yourself a break martin two more to go patch autograph andrew ben attendee 11 out of 15 museum collection boston redsox that is another one from martin And last box 91 out of 100 Oh tom wilson is going to be in the hardest shot It's his first all-star game Really and you're a wizard ozzy. I used to love when tops triple trezzies or tributes to look like this 47 out of 50 tribute ozzy smith Same those cardinals Very very nice St. Louis that is going to martin. Have yourself a break And there you go guys Very nice stuff here always solid hits coming out of hip parade for the price point. I think it's great I know there will be some teams that went hit list and customers want to hit this but We'll get them next time in another break There's that the chrome a really nice bobby wit So appreciate it guys. Jaspy's casebricks.com


Alpha thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by anemia and a clinical phenotype that varies from asymptomatic to lethal hemolytic anemia. It is the most common monogenic gene disorder in the world, especially in Mediterranean countries, Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent. The disease results from deletion of one or both alpha genes on chromosome 16, which leads to a decrease in the number of functional alpha-globin genes. The severity of the disease depends on the genotype-phenotype correlation, with HBH disease being the most severe form and hemoglobin-Barth's hydrops-fetalous syndrome being the lethal form. Molecular analysis is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. Genetic counseling is offered to couples at risk for HBH disease or hemoglobin-Barth's hydrops-fetalous syndrome and carriers of alpha-plus or alpha-zero thalassemia alleles generally do not need treatment. HBH patients may require intermittent transfusion therapy during illness and most pregnancies in which the fetus is known to have hemoglobin-Barth's hydrops-fetalous syndrome are terminated due to increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity.


Data can be more or less complex. Imagine a data set with many features, say 100. How do you know which features matter the most? And how could you possibly project the data onto a 2D plane? One of the popular techniques to answer this question is principal component analysis, or PCA in short. PCA transforms the data into a new attribute space where features are uncorrelated and ranked by the degree of explained variance. Let me show you this by painting some data. Although this data is in 2D, we could identify the position of each point just by knowing its coordinate in a new tilted axis. This would also be our principal component. Its direction is defined by the vector PC1. If our data align in a many-dimensional space, maybe only a couple of principal components are enough to explain it. Let's see this in action. This time I'll be using wine dataset with 13 features. A 13-dimensional space is difficult to grasp, so we'll be using PCA to transform the data into fewer dimensions. How do you know how many principal components to go with? The best choice is to select the first few principal components that explain, say, 80% of variability. Orange shows the proportion of explained variance in a screen diagram. Five principal components in my dataset already explain slightly more than 80% of variability. I can check the transform dataset in the data table. Now let's see how our transform data looks like in scatterplot. I will plot the data using just the first two components. The three different vines are really nicely separated. Turns out that chemical components, called flavonoids, are those that define the first component the most, followed by phenols. Today we've learned how to transform our data into a set of linearly uncorrelated features with principal component analysis. Next time, we'll show you another way to rank features with rank widget.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscaserates.com with our last random number block randomizer featuring these teams right here to unlock pick your team of 14 Appreciate everybody getting into the action. That's how the number blocks work Big thanks to this group Thanks to the numbers. Let's roll it randomized names and numbers six and a three nine times one two three four five six seven eight And ninth and final time We got Josh down to Josh Josh Smith down to Josh Smith Six and a three nine times for the numbers one two three four five six seven eight and oh, there's eight and Ninth and final time You know, there's nine right there. We got one down to eight All right, Josh Smith with one mark with five Chad with zero Taylor with three roto with seven Stephen K with six Taylor with two Chad with four roto nine and Josh with eight Let's order these numerically and coming up in the next video in a separate video will be the break itself We'll see you for that jaspyscaserates.com


Minecraft hosting sponsorships. Yes, we are thinking about you guys the Minecraft gamers out there We want to help out all different types of gamers out there and now it is your turn if you look behind me You will see some Minecraft gameplay from a freedom partner called ex bros Yeah, that honestly is a pretty awesome channel named. Yes me, but you check out his channel It's link will be in the description below now me personally. I know about this much about Minecraft So I'm going to stop talking. I'm going to direct the traffic of this video over to Anthony aka Spitfire He is a very intelligent and very knowledgeable Minecraft player. He is going to go over what we're looking for the Minecraft hosting sponsorship And it is up to you guys the Minecraft gaming partners to put in the comments below what you were looking for in the sponsorship But I'm done talking so Spitfire take it away. Thanks Aaron. I appreciate the introduction today I wanted to talk to everybody about Minecraft server hosting Now Minecraft servers aren't necessarily a complex thing to pull off You can actually host one on your very own computer at home. However, that gives you a lot of problems Limited bandwidth limited hard disk space Having to manage it yourself So a lot of youtubers reach out and they ask for a sponsorship Basically, they give a company a little bit of publicity in exchange for some server space And that's what we're looking to do here today. I would like to know what you are looking for in that kind of relationship Are you looking for a specific server brand? Is there a server brand that you would like us to contact such as servercraft beast node cloud of frost hosting? Or really anything else cubed host Are there any brands that you know of that you would like to work with any that you can recommend? Server hosts here on YouTube and across the net Well, there are a lot of them. So we are trying to ask you to help crowdsource us narrowing this down Do you currently have any kind of a sponsorship with a Minecraft hosting company? If you have an existing relationship, we may be able to use that to our advantage and be able to research our Possible future dealings Minecraft server hosting can be kind of tricky because a lot of places will list how many gigabytes of RAM that they give you But they're not talking about what kind of hard drive that your world will live on or They'll talk about how many players you have and not talk about how much disk space you have or how Fair the CPU time is split up That's one of the reasons we are reaching out to you is because there is probably more experience out there in the group In freedom than any one of us staff members has Some other names in this space would be MC Pro hosting Spartan host apex Minecraft hosting pro Minecraft host MC power hosting and a whole host of others here at freedom We are trying to grow with you that is a two-way street And that's one of the reasons why we've been asking these crowdsourcing questions lately is because there is more than likely more experience with these individual companies in The crowd than any one freedom employee has on their own So tell us Guide us and let us know what you have to say on the matter. Oh before I forget I'd also like to know those of you out there. How many of you have experience with MC my admin Multicraft and command line These are usually the three ways that Minecraft servers are administrated Command line is probably the most difficult Multicraft is usually what most people are used to looking at While MC my admin is also a very powerful tool Let us know in the comments section down below because this is going to be a huge part of choosing a host Whatever the most people are familiar with is probably the platform will go with till next time. I'm Anthony with freedom like Subscribe comments, please


There are universalities to human terror. One of them is abandonment. We all have that. Why?  A lack of love and attention equals death. You've probably already heard about the psychological research of what happens to babies and orphanages when they're not held. You can feed them. You can give them the same nutrition and same calories. Baby A gets nutrition and calories, baby B gets it, but only baby A is held, baby B dies. That's how much we need love. That's how much we need attention. It's not enough to just eat food, to get the right amount of nutrition, to keep the heartbeat thing. You need love and attention.


Welcome to FIG's weekly trading and economic update. I'm Mark Bailey and this is Jessica Russett. Mark, last week we had retail sales released domestically. The RBA had their monthly meeting keeping rates on hold and the ECB met on Thursday night. What was your take on it all? Yeah, look retail sales I think came in line with expectations at 0.4%. In terms of the RBA statement still very very upbeat in terms of Philip Lowe's commentary on the domestic markets and also internationally as well so that's continuing the theme that he's painted. I think as well you've got to be a bit cautious about some of the house prices and they're trying to control that in terms of the dynamics of the interest rates and you also had an interesting note from APRA as well kind of putting a bit of pressure on the banks in terms of some of their lending criteria as well. And yes last night on Thursday night you had the ECB announcing that they're going to keep rates on change. They were going to cut back on QE as planned but Draghi was still very dovish in terms of what he would do for the eurozone as and when necessary. You are seeing a bit of an uptick in terms of CPI so that's going to help him there in terms of pulling back and giving justification for that but I still see economic growth out of out of Europe has been pretty soft. So Jess, what's been keeping you busy this week? There's been a few more buybacks announced which obviously isn't helping investors with piles of cash to invest already. That's correct. So it was another week of short supply and over subscribed new issuance that hit the market and as you said there seems to be more buybacks than actually new issues being released at the moment and two buybacks that were announced at the market were one from McPherson's and one from I am Gold. So McPherson's limited announced a 60% partial redemption of its March 2019 floating rate bond and that's at a principal amount of 103%. So this is higher than where the bond had been trading prior to the announcement and then post the announcement the bond spiked in price and it's improved by two dollars in price terms so that's a really good outcome for clients. Was that the call? Was that the call date at 103? Yeah that's correct so that's a 103 call price for clients and so it is actually being called at its first optional call date and that is the 31st of March 2017. The other one I mentioned which is in the US dollar denominated space is I am Gold and I am Gold is doing a full redemption of its October 2020 US dollar bond and that is after it has successfully completed a 2025 maturity 400 million US dollar new offering and those funds are going to be used to call back and buy back this 2020 bond. Now the 2020 bond has a call price of 103 spot 375 and once again this is also higher than where the bond had been trading prior to the news and so clients get a little bit more gain a little bit cash back which is a great outcome. On the back of the news it too spiked in price and the price has gone up two dollars as well so it's also a great outcome for clients and the expected redemption date for the 2020 bond for I am Gold is going to be the 3rd of April 2017. So in the meantime clients are still able to trade both of these bonds switch out of those positions and reinvest into other bonds and the beauty of doing that now is that clients are able to take advantage of supply already out on the market rather than waiting until after the call day and being in competition with other investors trying to find a home for these readily available funds and the other benefit of it also is to lock in a yield now rather than being at the mercy of any market movement over the next coming weeks while we wait for that call date. So it's kind of a bit of sweet because you're getting cash back at a really good price but you probably don't want cash back so you've got to try and find another home for it to reinvest. Exactly that's right so it's really better to maybe have a look now and line up that order and avoid any reinvestment risk. So all eyes are going to be on the U.S. we have non-farm payrolls being released and that's going to lead up to the Fed meeting as well talk us through it. Yes there's a lot of important data coming out in the next few days before the Fed meeting as you say next week. So on Friday we've got the non-farm payrolls market consensus for 200,000 jobs to be created and also we've got CPI and retail sales CPI is probably flat on a headline basis 0.2% on core and retail sales excluding fuel is expected to be marginally positive at 0.1% so those are the key three data points and to be honest yes they've probably got to be massively out of whack with what's happening in terms of consensus expectations for there to be a change in the Fed's thinking. The market is pricing in 95 to 100% chance that they do hike rates in March next week and that's unless we get some really strange figures coming out from those three data points I think that's going to be the case. You know kind of looking beyond that be interesting to see if there's any commentary in terms of the gradual pace of interest rate heights going forward but I don't think there'll be a lot of change. Janet Yellen had a couple of commentaries out there where she was basically saying March is a done deal but that doesn't imply that we're going to speed up any future rate hikes but again it'll have a big impact in terms of the curve and we've seen those interest rates yields on the treasuries increasing this week pretty significantly over the last couple of days kind of 10-15 basis points higher in the 10 year and also it'll impact the currency and where the Aussie dollar trades in relation to the US so there'll be important data points looking forward in the statement. Thanks Jess. Thanks Mark. Thanks for watching. Tin hats on. Enjoy.


the climate crisis is at our doorstep. Our country is flooding in the west, flooding in the east, it's burning in the west, it's baking in the south, everywhere we look, the disasters are fueled by climate change and our uprooting families claiming thousands of lives. When hurricanes strike, it's black and brown in working-class communities that are hit the worst and the last to get power or to be rebuilt. When temperatures soar, it's farm workers in the fields, construction workers who die of heat stroke. We don't have a minute to lose. Scientists say we only have six years left to cut U.S. carbon emissions in half to stop kind of shock and climate change. We need an all-out mobilization of our government to create green union jobs and end the era of fossil fuels. The good news is, in the past few years, we have an actual shock of doing that. The Inflation Reduction Act was the biggest climate bill in U.S. history. President Biden's remaining climate corpse, which is smottled after sunrise's civilian climate corpse, will create 2,000 green union jobs in the first year building the Green New Deal. But the value is, Biden and many politicians are taking our tour, talking the climate talk, are also letting fossil fuel industry run wild. Under Biden's leadership, the United States is extracting more oil and gas than ever before and more than any other country.  New fossil fuel developments threatened to undo the gains we fought for. Biden has approved new oil and gas projects like the Willa Project that will sacrifice indigenous communities so oil executives can bring home a bigger paycheck. There are dozens more on the docket. Fract gas companies are seeking federal approval of dozens of natural gas export facilities that would produce the equivalent of 675 coal-fired power plants. As a result, the United States is attracting more fossil fuels than ever by 2030.  That's why we're here today. Our generation deserves a president who funds climate action, not genocide. This president's day, dozens of Sunrise Movement hubs across, hubs and chapters across the nation are rallying and taking action. We're mobilizing across the country and demanding Joe Biden be the president that we deserve. Sunrise Movement is mobilizing young people from San Diego to Boise, to Phoenix, to Chicago, to Kansas City, to Miami, to Philadelphia, to right here in Burlington, Vermont.  Biden can't build renewables on Monday, approve fossil fuel projects on Tuesday, and claim to be a climate present while at the same time, funding falls that are killing innocent of Palestinians in Gaza. That's not how science works, and a million people know it. There are dozens of actions Biden can take today that don't require Congress to do anything that would save countless lives. He needs to use the same emergency powers that President Roosevelt used during World War II, or that both Trump and Biden used himself in response to COVID, to ensure that we are doing everything we can to confront the greatest crisis of our time. President Biden has a choice. Does he want to be remembered as a one-term president who is afraid to stand up to fossil fuel initiatives? Or does he want, does he want explosion of oil and gas development he oversaw to undo the progress made by the Inflation Reduction Act of the American Climate Court? Or does he want to be remembered as the president who heated the call of young people of the working class and the people of color on the front lines of the climate crisis? You can finally close out the fossil fuel era and set us on the path to a prosperous economy and a viable future. President Biden declared a climate emergency and showed that Americans have green union jobs, our communities are prepared for climate disasters, and the Biden will end the era of fossil fuels and stop the climate crisis once and for all. Thank you for inviting me. I am extremely proud of you because any change will happen if the question of stopping genocide or for our environment only young people can make the change. If you read the history, they are your generation is the generation made the difference and now we're looking up for you to do that. My name is Muafi. I'm a member of the Coalition for Palestinian Liberation and member of Vermont for Justice in Palestine. For years, I will tell you we tried to contact 350 Vermont to connect the struggle for the environment and the colonization of Palestine and occupation of Palestine, stealing land, uprooting the trees, stealing water from the Palestinians and put them in a concentration camp like Gaza was important for us, but wasn't important for the early environmentalists here in Vermont, thinking anyway everybody will be flooded while we are looking for liberation of people like Palestine. Now we are waking up. We are waking up and we can see that the struggle for the Palestinian liberation no difference than the struggle for your future, for your environment. Look at Israel what does in Palestine when it comes to environment when they are digging on the Mediterranean Sea for gas and for oil and now part of it if they succeeded to occupy Palestinian Gaza, Gaza is sitting in oil. This is one of the reasons and for that I would love you to see that the connection between the struggle for environment or the racial and social struggle, black and brown people and the labor coming from the south, our migrants or our indigenous people who save this land and we are exploiting this land. I'll say to you our future in your hand, the end of genocide in Palestine and those billions of dollars that your government, the U.S. government are sending it as a death to my people, it's in your hand as American you have responsibly, but seeing you standing on this cold weather I have hope and for that thank you very much. The most recent National Defense Authorization Act sent $886 billion to our military. The most recent climate, piece of climate legislation, the Inflation Reduction Act which was in 2022-2021, sent $391 billion compared to the $886 billion in the National Defense Authorization Act. Biden's authorized annual military spend is 23 times the annual investment of the Historic Inflation Reduction Act. In one year we will spend more on our military than we'll spend over 10 years for climate, let alone other social services. Right now, President Biden is not being the president we deserve, we're as a generation and our movement is stronger than ever united in anger because we know that we deserve someone who will actually fight for our future. Is that right? We deserve a president who will end the era of fossil fuels once and for all. Is that right?  We need a president who is working for our future and right now we don't see that. Hi everyone. I would like to start by thanking you again on behalf of Sunrise for coming and supporting us today. It truly does make all the difference. To see all of these passionate and love filled faces today brings me so much hope and I do not say this lightly. We live in a world in which hope often feels unattainable and holding onto it near impossible, especially as a young person facing this crisis every day is exhausting. To look out my window each morning and see flooded fields instead of the winter wonderland of my childhood is so crushing. The stream of deeming statistics a constant reminder of the future slipping away from me and my peers. It is a way too significant for any one person to carry. The good news is I don't have to. None of us do. Each person here today is a channel for hope. Each and every one of us has decided to take advantage of the ability we have to bring light into this world. Life that carries us across generations across movements and across political parties across our planet. I urge you all to leave us today with one goal in mind. Keep shining. Let us be persistent. Let us be the light through the windows in the places our leadership resides. Let us be the reminder of the responsibility they hold. Let us be the hope.  We are all angry and we're all upset that the leaders in power do not hold climate as a priority. We're not acting fast enough and before we know it our world will be thousands of times more different than the way we know it. You know what I mean. I guess I want to tell you a story. My family's from the Philippines and I remember when I was a kid I would go on nightly Skype calls and would tell my family in the Philippines all about my day and about my life. Just as friends would, just as neighbors would. Despite being thousands of miles apart we would tell each other you know we love each other. I remember one night there was we my both my parents were huddled around a laptop. I thought it was just like another Skype call. Turns out they're watching news broadcast. In 2014 Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines. It was the worst Typhoon that has ever hit. Nothing has happened like that before. Thousands of communities were destroyed there wasn't power for months.  My father's house her childhood home was flooded all the way to the first floor. My name is Audrey Warren. I'm here today with Sunrise Shandling Valley in support of climate action. If I list it's because of my lips I can't feel. Vermont is changing. This isn't news to us who live here full-time and this doesn't come as a shocker to anyone in the world right now. 2023 was hard enough a year for Vermont from the catastrophic flooding in July that made national headlines to the blue algae that threatens the species in Lake Champlain. Vermont is facing climate change in full force. In the last century Vermont's average temperature has risen by a full two degrees in the summer and a whole 4.5 degrees in the winter. Now this doesn't sound like much but this is detrimental to our state's economy and ecosystems. The rise this rise in temperature could mean annual floods similar to the ones that we had this summer. Thousands of Vermonters lost their homes businesses and schools. Many became homeless as a result and lives were destroyed. We don't want this. Our state cannot handle the outcomes of the events time and time again. The recovery efforts from July are still happening as I speak as right now. We were the headline of the news for two weeks before we forgot. Before our state was just another past trend in the media. Roughly 14,000 Vermonters as a result applied for FEMA in hopes that they could rebuild what they had lost and again we were let down. 18,000 Vermonters applied. There were 14,000 applications for FEMA. Only 6,300 were approved. The other 7,000 well they were denied or it was never followed through. FEMA could change lives of so many. Could lift people up from the disruption destruction climate change has caused. It's on our ecosystems. The tourism agriculture and recreational benefits that our state offers us. In the next 10 years we could lose over 70% of Vermont's annual income. This could mean the loss of skiing, fresh produce from local farms and maple syrup would become a delicacy for only the wealthiest of families in Vermont. I mean this year alone we have experienced the cloudiest, wettest and warmest winter since the 1950s. It is so hard to sit here as today's youth and let this happen. We cannot sit here and wait for something to be done or change to appear. We are the change. Us as a community, the change that we are so desperately waiting for. There are answers for us. We could use the grass clippings from your lawnmower and produce it into ethanol for our vehicles. The blue algae from the lake, yes, that can also be used. We could kill two birds with one stone. That could be used to produce 30% of our state's annual ethanol production. There is hope here. The world isn't ending. It is not over yet. There is still time. There are efforts all over the world today in each state and each country discussing and rallying for climate action. Just being here today, listening to each of our speeches and rallying for a better future, that is what we need. Thank you for being here and listening to the youth of today.


What is going on guys, today I am back with another Destiny 2 video after about 2 hours sleep. But we got awake and do deserve videos for you guys. Now it is the 6th of October 2017 and Zer this week is located within the EDZ upon Earth. So he is here, so we need to spawn into Wind in Cove, so it seems. Okay so we have landed and to be honest I actually don't know where he is because this isn't recorded. I haven't been and checked him out before doing this video. This is all done live so can we mark him? Yes we can so let's go to him. Now there's two things I am hoping, well obviously can't be both of them because they are both weapons. But there are two things I need, one is the sweet business, the other one is the vigilance wing. I'd much prefer the sweet business but the vigilance wing will do just fine. Do I have to climb?  Is he doing all the way up here? Is that the way of all these enemies I am guessing? So yeah vigilance wing, sweet business, please Zer, please Zer. Please please please, how you doing mate? Please. There's only one more exotic I need now and that is the sweet business. Now I'm sorry guys for the reaction but yeah I've been waiting for this weapon for so long. The vigilance wing, 270 attack will cost you 29 legendary shards. Ah true, 5 round burst, heals on ally death, whatever. Full tracer, 270 defense, 23 legendary shards, relentless tracker, visually marks targeted enemies, deals more damage to low health marked enemies. We then have an insurmountable school for the titan. This is a helmet, obviously as you can see. I just can't speak, I'm so happy he's brought the vigilance wing. I apologize people. 270 defense, 23 legendary shards, transfusion matrix, kills with arc melee, abilities trigger, health regeneration and restore melee energy. Now I'm sure he's brought that already. Then we have the warlock's helmet which is the nazarex sin, 270 defense, 23 legendary shards. Abyssal extractors, void damage kills, increased ability, energy recharge rate. So yeah not a bad week to be actually the best week so far because he's brought something I need. He's brought something I need. The vigilance wing is here people and I'm so happy. Let me just get out of it. Let me see this. Let me see this. Oh yes! I finally got it. Yeah let's celebrate people. I can't believe it. I am so so happy. I was going to make a video saying I point this there with this but he actually, oh. Hello. I point this there with this but he's finally brought something I need. I love you sir. Oh well I can't blow myself up in there but that was a fail. But yes guys that is the end of the video. There's a little location for the seat for October 2017. Hope you guys enjoyed the video. If you are new around here and enjoy daily destiny videos be sure to subscribe and hopefully people I will see you on that next one.


Penguin Presents. Cold Kill by P. J. Tracey. Red by Sarah Borges. Prologue. 1957 Confine a dozen scientists and engineers to a seemingly endless desert of hard-packed sand with no recreational diversions and, inevitably, they will design and build a golf course. This is not just any golf course, Donald. Arthur kept insisting. This is Augusta, a near-perfect replica of the first nine holes, minus the grass and the water hazards, of course. Both of which are somewhat critical components to any dandy golf course, wouldn't you say? Stylistic details, Donald. A matter of preference. Tennis is played with equal enthusiasm on lawn and on clay. Think of this as golf's version of a clay court. I think it's ingenious, really. We could really use some caddies in a clubhouse. I'll give you that. Arthur always dressed in the plaid knickers and cap of his hero Bobby Jones, which looked especially ridiculous in the deserted New Mexico hinterlands. But that was the charming thing about Arthur. In his knickers and cap he was at Augusta, on the master's course Bobby Jones had built, and he made you believe you were right there with him. Donald Buchanan and Arthur Friedman played the makeshift course almost every morning while the rest of the men slept. Most of the scientists preferred to work through the chill of the desert night and sleep through the most brutal heat of the day. But Donald and Arthur were paced to a different clock. I have an idea, Donald said, as he lined up his drive. Jesus Christ!   It could still happen. Nice drive, Arthur said, as he watched a golf ball sail up into the dry air against a backdrop of blue sky and mountains. So what's this idea of yours? A bomb that doesn't kill anybody. That defeats the purpose of a bomb, doesn't it? Not necessarily. If you could invent something that could destroy infrastructure, power grids, delivery systems for weapons, communication, transportation, the enemy would be crippled with no cost of human life. The world would never again see the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Without infrastructure there are no resources, no order, no money, and nothing to buy with money even if you had cash in hand. Anarchy would fill the vacuum and people would die anyhow. Friends and neighbors would end up killing each other over a crust of bread or a vial of penicillin. Perhaps, but the death toll would be minimal in comparison to a multi-megaton atomic bomb. So you're seeking a more moral weapon. I'm seeking a less morally repugnant one. Infrastructure can be rebuilt, but humans cannot. And how do you propose to invent such a device? I don't know yet, but the electromagnetic pulses the bombs generate intrigue me. You need a nuclear detonation to create an EMP substantial enough to be an effective weapon, which is exactly what you're trying to avoid. Yes, but there has to be a way to generate EMP without a nuclear detonation, and if we could harness something like that, perhaps miniaturize it and selectively direct it? It's something to think about anyhow. Indeed, but for the time being I'd think about what you're going to do with that nice drive you just made, because it landed in a sand trap. They both laughed, because the whole damned golf course was a sand trap. By the time she was nine, Alice had moved five times. She had been too little to remember the first two moves, but the last three were sharp in her memory. It was always the same. Father would come home one night and tell them all that in two weeks they were going to live in a wonderful new place with a bigger house, a nicer town, and better schools. Alice and her brother and sister, older by five and six years, all would start crying, because they knew they would never see their best friends again, and then Father would send them from the table before they finished their dinners because crying was not allowed. Father was very strict about a lot of things, like not crying, but he was never mean like Melinda's dad, who had slapped Melinda's face once when Alice had been— Sample complete. Ready to continue?


truancy versus delinquency. When we talk about the truancy, that means that the child is skipping the school without having any valid reason. While in delinquency, the child will engage in certain type of criminal acts which are against the legal laws and the cultural norms. That means that the child will be involved in such activities which will not be legally approved and which will be against the cultural norms. So, there is one behaviour in truancy which is skipping of school. Whereas in delinquency, there can be multiple behaviours which can be criminal acts. For example, such children can do shoplifting, they can steal something, they can pick up someone's toy, they can go somewhere and steal something, they can do a big criminal act, they can do fraud, they can murder. So, such activities which are not legally approved when they do minors, minors means when they do children, they are called deliquent behaviour. And when children or adolescents skip school, they are called truancy. You will get these terms in literature usually twice a year. The reason for this is that the truancy is a predictor of deliquent behaviour. So, this means that the children or adolescents who exhibit the behaviour of truancy are more likely to exhibit the deliquent behaviour. So, that's why these two terms come simultaneously. And their difference is important to understand that when you will call a behaviour truancy and when you will call a behaviour deliquency. Thank you. Thank you.


2D ferroelectric semiconductor alpha into C3 is used as channel material in field effect transistors for its retentive and switchable dipoles, flexibility to be compacted into diverse structures, and efficient device architecture at the nanoscale. The study demonstrates a large memory window of 13V and an on-off ratio reaching 103V by controlling in-plane polarization, which is modulated by the bottom gate voltage of the C substrate due to inter-correlation without of plane polarization. Non-volatile memory characteristics including stable retention lasting 17H and endurance over 1200 cycles suggest a wide range of memory applications utilizing the lateral bottom contact structure. This article was authored by Shiro Miao, Ryosuke Nitta, Sakairo Izawa, and others.