Welcome to The Journey. Today, we're gonna talk about the five must-have tools to create a paperless office. It was to accept paper, unless it's money. Woo! You did it on me! So paper is wildly inefficient. It's not searchable. It's so cumbersome. You know, you're trying to find a receipt for maybe 18 months ago that you have no idea. Yeah, good luck. So definitely going green, paperless is the way to go. That's one of the things we can't receive, so I love when we travel for work. It's everything's digital. So, yeah, sure. Get the receipt, take a photo, get rid of that, and it's there, organized. I don't have to worry about losing it again. Very efficient. And I like it when people, actually, some businesses text message the receipt to me, because I always have a digital version that I can refer back to later. Even my farmers market does that because they use Square App. So it's like, hey, don't have to have this exchange at all. Digital world. So many people are going paperless now. Yeah, so even when I go to the grocery, I used to jot down toilet paper, avocados on a piece of paper, et cetera, and stuff to my pocket. But now, no way. Done with that. It's on my iPhone. iPhone notes. Go to the grocery. I just have this constant grocery list that I update, delete, update. That's not convenient. Yeah, very convenient, paperless, efficient, better for the environment. Also, when it comes to recipes, I made a vegan chili last week.  Not a good idea. Yeah, you could just try it. Disaster way now. But that's where tablets have come in handy. I use my tablets all the time in the kitchen and just set it up. Pop it up. I'm not printing off the recipes anymore like I used to online. Find that good vegan chili, print it out. No, I'm saving trees and I'm making some pretty good vegan chili. So what you're saying is next time I see you, I'm getting some vegan chili. Yeah, plant-based all the way. So Emma, what are some benefits of actually going paperless? Yeah, so weighing the benefits because there's like pros and cons to everything as you know. Some benefits that come to mind right away is increased productivity. Like when I was talking about the receipts, the work receipts. Don't have to waste all the time looking for them. Yeah, you don't have to like find it or take the risk of losing them. They're digitally there on one place in my phone. Along with increased productivity, there's also employee flexibility. Oh, and just saving money, cost savings as well. She does like that kind of paper. I'm so frugal. But some of the disadvantages could be higher costs in the beginning to get all this up and running, upgrading some equipment and even some compatibility with applications. True. So great points, Sam. But here are five ways to go paperless. Starting with tool number one, DocuSign. Have you ever used DocuSign? I've used it all the time. It saves my signature. I love that. It's also, you have to go through Adobe Reader. So it makes it extra legit. Legally binding. Legally binding. And on top of that, it works on all browsers and devices. I've even done that using my cell phone. Signing a document. On your phone, on your tablet, on your laptop. So second, Evernote Scannable App. Oh, you love this. It can be very beneficial, especially if you're a networker like myself. You can scan a business card and it goes directly into the app. It's all the relevant business information. But also, you can use that app to actually send your LinkedIn information off to another prospective networker. So, Emma, have you ever heard of IFTTT? Oh, yeah. It's fun to tango together. Yes, it is. But that's not what that was. But how do you tango? It's like, what was that? If this, then that. If this, then what? It's a workflow automation tool. So say you scan business cards like we just talked about. If you have something set up to where after that action is taken, another action is done. Say emails, or it saves in a directory in whatever device you're using. I also heard that it's compatible with voice assistants. So you're Alexa, Google Home, Cortana. Number four, Microsoft Drive, Google Drive and Dropbox. These are super rad because I do. I use them all the time. And you can access them on the go and with your team. So like for me, I'm in San Diego and my team's in Austin. And we're constantly collaborating on the same projects. But with Google Drive, we have a lot of our docs there that we edit, whether it's slides or Word docs or Excel. And we can all chime in, comment, edit. And what's also great is a lot of documents take up a ton of space, which when you think about the paperless world, instead of a ton of paper on your desk, you're putting this all online, like a cloud-based storage. And you don't have to put all that on your computer, taking away all that space. Oh, that as well. Yes, that's a good point. I'm constantly running out of storage. It drives these guys nuts. I finally got a new phone because of it. But yes, I know. I can actually take a phone out.  I use it every day. I have my to-do list. You can just jot down notes. And it's also on browsers.  So the bottom line, go paperless. It's going to clean up your desk, which if you're like me, I spent way too much money on my desk and it's a piece of art and it looks way better when there's not a ton of paper all over it. But it also cuts down on operating costs. All right, that's a wrap. You just learned five must-have tools to have a paperless office. Make sure that you like, comment, and subscribe. Also, be sure to ring that bell so you're the first to know when our next video comes out. This is A Journey. Thanks for watching.


SCP-2317 is a female between 10 years of age, with data expunged. SCP-2311-7 were retrieved following a police raid on a warehouse owned by an organization called the Children of the Scarlet King. 24 hours after the rescue, SCP-2311 went into labor pains, giving birth three minutes later to SCP, causing a event resulting in numerous confirmed casualties. Foundation personnel immediately took possession of the remaining SCPs 2312-2317 and, based on notebooks recovered from the cult, instituted procedure 110 Montauk to prevent future occurrences.


Good morning guys. It is officially my 25th birthday. So I obviously already celebrated this weekend today I'm just gonna have a chill day going to get a massage. I'm gonna go to the pool at my dad's house And then I'm going to a cooking class tonight, which I'm very excited for I'm about to leave and run a few errands actually But what it's unbox a birthday present. This is obviously from first off cheat Um, I use like birthday money and then I paid for this so it's like kind of from everyone and myself Yes, so I'm gonna tick-tock you will not be surprised. Oh my gosh this weekend was so much fun I was so tired in 12 hours guys it is Perfect, so it's this pink Versace bathrobe I would like how fabulous and then the tie is the classic pink Versace tie I mean, this is just I will be living in this. I really will be living in this Anyways, I need to get going cuz I'm kind of actually late running a bit behind this morning did my morning pages because you know We're still on the artist way. I haven't missed it in today's day eight I actually need to read the second chapter today. Also. I've been reading things you do in the dark by Jennifer Hellier Which is like pretty much my favorite thriller author and I'm just like not loving it I'm at almost 70% I will say it picked up once I like made the connection in the middle of the book But I don't know I'll finish it and let you guys know how I feel But I'm not like dying over it, you know Just picked up my Starbucks This is my order again for anyone who needs a new Starbucks order. It's really good I get an iced grande coffee to pops your vanilla. No classic with a splash of oat milk If you guys what you can screenshot it also I have it on my high that on my Instagram if you guys are ever like in a pinch, you know Then I got kale egg bites I actually got two because I thought I'd be really hungry But I drank a sip of my coffee and like now I'm on green warm, but the kale ones are really good Anyways, I'm gonna go drop off some film. I go to Garland camera It's 20 minutes away, but they give you your film back in hours. So it's worth it I'm going there and then I have to drive back To go to get my massage at the now which I'm very much so looking forward to so heading off drinking my coffee listening to Podcasts like such a good day for me, you know, yes It is my birthday technically, but it's really just like my ideal day. Oh All right guys, it's my dad Happy birthday. Oh, thanks dad. Okay back to what I was saying. Oh my gosh. Sorry guys That's what I was saying going to my massage the now so peaceful I love it now, but I cannot wait to squeeze to open up here They are coming to Dallas my favorite place and I was a solid second favorite place All right guys, I took the dogs to oh fits Thank you for that took the dogs to the pool fits has not been in the pool since he was a little pup So we're gonna go swimming today. Are you excited? Okay? No, he doesn't care. He's looking for his bestie Teddy. Teddy can't go swimming only you fits trust me You can do it. Come here, bub. He hasn't done it. Oh, hey job. I'm gonna teach you how to swim come here, bub You're gonna love the water He looks like a rat, you know, I'm sure he'll be out later Anyway, so I'm gonna relax listen to music read my Kindle and then Tonight I have class so I'll go home shower and get ready to do my hair actually so it'll be done for the next few days So I like maybe I'll order some lunch It seems as though fits is not that into the pool But I feel like normally our dogs always growing up would swim all the time And that's why they weren't allowed the newer So I just figured fits would also love it because they're all doodles. Maybe he'll get there I'll keep you guys posted. I'll let you know what he looks like right now. Oh fits, bub. Oh, wow Oh, I just put on my robe for the first time. I'm out of the shower. I'm back home. I finished the Jennifer Hillier book I honestly I wouldn't recommend which is hard for me to say because I would recommend every book of hers that I've read I Just like I didn't love it.  I think I got Potentially a sun rash like a sunburn. I'll keep you posted. Okay Best face mask ever. All right. It is just so hydrating. Okay. Wow It just got a little recess in a wine glass. I'm gonna sit down and watch the toast gonna relax reply to my text messages And then I will need to get ready pretty soon eventually and I have to get ready for another green glass I'm very excited for I did just want to do a little chat very quickly. My house feels so good My room feels so good. Like it's just a good day as I've established today is my 25th birthday when I was doing my morning page this morning I was writing about this but I remember when I was even turning 19 I didn't want to turn 19 I was freaking out because for whatever reason I would really freak out every single year My birthday came around because not only am I am I an overachiever, but for whatever reason I wanted to Achieve all these things by a certain age and have all the Sun by a certain age There's something like really unrealistic and also that wouldn't have allowed me to like live the life that I currently live For example when I was 20 like the thing I wanted the most was like a group of girlfriends Who were all friends with each other and we were all really close and we try when we did everything together And I have that now whereas before I didn't have the friendships necessarily that I always had wanted I had some I obviously had certain friendships that were great It just wasn't in like they were all floaters anyways, but it's interesting because At 25 now while I do feel very accomplished I am way happier about all of the things that didn't go my way and all of the things That I didn't even think I cared enough about or wanted that badly For example besides wanting that friend group the main things I really cared about really career-wise And I will say a lot of those have happened I'm very grateful for and I am driven and I do care about that But I think I thought those were the things that were going to fulfill me and they weren't at all I talk about this on the podcast all the time the things I'm more grateful for the things that didn't work out that I thought I wanted then I am for the things that did work out like For example breakups are always pretty much a good thing friendship ending things are really hard But eventually lead you to something better like things on job opportunities that you think you wanted eventually to do something better College it didn't get into eventually lead you to something better. So, okay, really? So, okay, go go seriously. All right now at 25 one day into 25 when I'm obviously so wise And way more mature and I have grown up so much in the past 24 hours I do seriously want to say like I am the most grateful for my life. I've ever been I'm the happiest I've ever been I'm so grateful for y'all. I'm so grateful for my friends my family and Ultimately, I've realized that like those three things are what matter the most to me and not Achieving a certain milestone by a certain age And I think a lot of that pressure isn't even helpful when it comes to career stuff and also like longevity You have nothing you shouldn't work hard and you should be trying but I do think like we Something that I've shifted is thinking like oh my god I'm like excited to be 40 and I have so much time like 25 is still so young I have so much time to achieve so many other things. So while it doesn't mean to like not work hard and not focus on your career I just mean there is a lot of life ahead. You know what I mean? So anyways, I'm really grateful and I love y'all so much and I would not be living the life that I am without you guys And I really really really do love you guys. I'm really about expressing emotion So I think I don't do it enough But from the bottom of my heart like thank you guys everyone who's watching my videos for years or even if you This is your first one or listen to the podcast or whatever it is Like I'm just so unbelievably grateful for y'all. Also, there's an entire Episode solo episode one 25th birthday up on the podcast right now and there's a bonus episode this week So we have another one all about skincare But anyways, it's really grateful. I'm gonna watch the toast now and just chill am I nice for sachi rope And I'm gonna use to get ready literally every day like look at how cute. This is I just love it guys Look at how cute this is Margot just sent me flowers and a little birthday balloon. Oh my god So cute. I started a new season of the something was wrong podcast I listened to the one where the girl was in there's like a really like spiritually weird churchy manipulative Engagement and then I think I've listened to another one. I'm blanking on the other one and now I'm listening to season two Very interesting. They just go through different stories. Sometimes there's trigger warnings and things but very interesting podcast Also, I like a good podcast later in the afternoon at night when I'm getting ready. That's more like chill and not Like this is how you can make your life better. Those are my morning podcast, you know also and some fruit roll-ups because we bought some for the Lake we didn't eat them all and now I'm having them. So anyways, it's 6 15 Picking classes at 7. It's very hot out Of course, this is August 1st top is actually unfortunately, Brandy Melville jeans are Levi's. I'm wearing my new and new balance shoes I got one good on go. I got my other ones and go as well It really is just so hot and we're going to a grilling class and you know, it's gonna be cold in there It doesn't matter But it's my mom my sister my cousin and Lauren going so it's gonna be a good time But like it is really hot and I don't have any of the okay pants clean.  I really did and I also downloaded a new book. I think it's a flicker in the dark It's the redhead's pet needs to read that very quickly So I can listen to the episode on Thursday. Do you guys have any other book club podcast rex because I really need I don't know why I said this word um I need more book club podcast like I want my own book podcast But I need some more to listen to you because like once a month like I need more, you know I like celebrity memoir book club, but I just listen to that because you really want to read the book to listen to it Let me know guys Also, like any snack for my childhood obsess got a refresher because I just felt like it It's my birthday going into my favorite place guys.  I'm running ladies. Welcome to my welcome to my home if you will Maddie is not doing well with the attention being on me on my birthday, so Last time I was here actually all of you are here. What is this rooster remind you of? Oh Yeah That's my cooking class It was so much fun if you guys watched my last Sunday vlog I went like literally last week and I've already signed up for at least two more classes I have another one I want to do and then I have a plan with another friend to book them So I love taking classes there. It's not finished an area so much fun Graham is my teacher for both classes. He's great. Like it's just so much fun It's such a good activity and just thing to do to like switch things up I don't have a lot of fun. Also my little sister Maddie You guys saw very funny today. She's always very funny But she got me a birthday gift for the first time in her whole life Sometimes she would get them from when she was younger on like our parents car kind of thing You know say it was from her but she would always buy something that she wanted So like she would give it to me and then she would take it, you know, so she's nothing if not I don't know Manipulate I mean she knows what she wants, you know, I'm just gonna figure out a way to a way to make it happen She got me. Oh my god. Tell it ties I don't know that she knows that I just got these I love these So I'm actually so glad because the more the merrier I need these in every bag There's so much better for your hair when you pull it back and I just I love them So thank you Maddie, then she got me a car that I already opened and I scout the solider these things are amazing And then she got me these cute. I think these are oh, yeah, they're face masks right direction jar face mask I've always wanted to try these but I haven't before I cannot believe she got me birthday gift Like that is like very out of character and she got me sprinkles cupcakes Which she loves sprinkles and she probably got one for her dog, too, but like that's a really you know When your siblings are just like growing up. That's how I feel today I woke up this morning. My first thought wasn't even about the fact that I'm 25 It was like, oh my god, Maddie turns 23 this year and that is just it doesn't seem right It really doesn't and my mom surprised me with Chocolate covered strawberries which she already gave me my gift. Obviously she was in on the robe And I love chocolate coverage covered strawberries like oh my god, they look so good. So anyways, I am Exhausted like something about what any day that I go to the pool. I'm so tired So anyway, what a good birthday I feel like it's just dragging on for so long between the podcast and the trip but just so much But I'm so grateful. This has been genuinely the best year of my life And I feel like 25 is probably hopefully gonna be even better. I love you guys so much I hope you guys enjoy I need to go to bed because it is literally 9 p.m. And I am it's way past like that time as you know, so love you guys and I'll talk to you soon Ah because I always get questions like have you ever been cheated on I'm like have I Have hi babe. Honestly, I feel like I definitely told Kenzie the story because you know She lived through it, but I don't know if like Dom knows like I go on her Instagram and every single photo She has the necklace that I bought him for Valentine's Day Like at the time that we were dating on her body and she is tagging him in every single photo every photo


The topic of today's presentation is the research project that Lee and Daphner, Chris McGlinche and I are carrying out at MoMA since last June 2015. And I'm pleased to be here, but I'm representing all of them. So rather than taking pictures or write a lot of notes, please take a picture now of this QR code. This is not a hinge or an adhesive. This is a code and if you can scan it or take note of this link, you can find this presentation online or part of it. I will present some of our findings and some of them would not be understandable online when this video of these two days symposium will be online. So this is another way to review our findings. And for us it's also a tool that I don't know will help us to receive your comments, suggestions for adhesive or if you have experience other solution for engine RC papers, all of these information will be more than welcome. The Museum of Modern Art maintains a very active exhibition program for 3 million visitors per year through an average of 50 on-site presentation, 10 to 10 traveling partnership exhibition and projects. With one gallery of 50 hundred square feet devoted exclusively to photography, there are photographs to be found in every curatorial department and are integrated into a number of exhibitions across the board. The acquisition and display of resin coated photographs and digital prints on RC type papers is now routine. Some of the oversized print can be quite large. These works as well as many contemporary photographs require delicate minimal exhibition mounting but present certain challenges. Conservators hinge RC papers relying on available adhesives on their experience and by following colleagues recommendations. The photograph and science section of the conservation department is currently investigating a selection of adhesive and attachment systems for the display of resin coated photographs. Here you see an overview of the studies on adhesives for RC papers to date. In 2004 MoMA investigated new adhesive formulations for polyolefin surfaces and building on that research, this study is aimed to add evaluating products now currently available and in use for conservators. We are approaching this investigation from two angles. On your left the first is an assessment and how a selection of adhesives on two carriers performs on one RC paper. The second on your right considers the materials attributes of classic RC papers to ones that are currently available. We purchase a variety of adhesive tapes and adhesive films potentially suitable for hinging RC papers. Our selection criteria was directed by our knowledge, our familiarity with the adhesives by available testing results such as BAT and audit tests but also by collegial recommendations and literature research. Admittedly the creativity for unusual adhesives also played a role in our selection. We conducted a number of preliminary evaluations to eliminate hinge combination that appear fundamentally flawed. In this pre-test products were scored according to shear strength and removability. Shear was scored on a pass failed basis and removability was ranked numerically. If a hinge was easy to remove it was a sign and a higher score. If it caused planar deformations, left residues or caused skinning or burnishing it was given a lower score. This image here shows you our heavy weight test where a hinge with a contact area of 0.5 square centimeter and a load of 270 grams gives the approximation of the shock a photograph in a crate in transit might receive if the crate suddenly drops. Originally 2% gelatin failed this test but we repeat this test with gelatin 5% on hollitex and the hinge remains suspended and this was quite impressive to us. Adhesives that did not make this cut are listed here on your left. There are the ones that didn't pass the shear test but on your right you have the results for the removability test. So 14 of the original 50 combination of adhesives and carrier passed failed in the pre-test. It's about 28% of the total 50. Here are all the candidates that made it and they passed the next level including 10 proprietary adhesives and 9 films and tapes which for now the core set of materials in this study. They are all commercially available and if you cannot find your favorite here please tell us and we can probably include them in our further testing. We tested then 25 adhesives and tapes supplied in a variety of methods. When possible we applied two different carriers Japanese paper and hollitex for a total of 50 again combinations of adhesives and tapes. The contact area for each is again 0.5 square centimeter. Each combination was tested in shearing and peeling test. Shearing and peeling strengths are respectively involved in flat heavy hinges. Each card tacked to the wall supports four RC paper samples with weighted hinges. The four duplicates permit us to average results and measure standard deviation. We calculated weight based on weight per area each hinge would support for most photographic prints. We selected a 20 gram weight which is slightly more than heavy weight paper. So this is our top row and this is the shear test. In the first month seven hinge for two different adhesives failed out of a total of 144 samples and these are goodie dots and Lascaux 303 but after seven months and this picture was taken like a week ago. Most adhesives appear strong enough for use as flat hinges so that means that all of these combinations of adhesives with their carrier they could be paper or hollitex are actually strong enough to hold that weight. The Lascaux 303 on paper remains adhere to the flat hinge but the Lascaux 303 on hollitex have all failed. We repeated this test three times to confirm the findings and always we had the same result. This underscores the importance of the bonding system and the carrier of the hinge which plays definitely a critical role. Goodie dot samples on both paper and hollitex carrier failed the test. For those of you who are not familiar with goodie dots this is an adhesive that past the PAT and it's essentially applied and it's applied to substrate in micro dot pattern. If a small portion of this hinge fails the remaining hinges would have to bear twice the load causing failure due to overloading. This product can eventually be perfect however for little weight papers. Okay it works. In PL test however there was much more action. Likely we documented the cards at all stages. The scale bar on each sample allows us to monitor and quantify the creep and this is the little scale that we applied to each sample. So we can track actually how each sample creep during this test. In this video we are going to scroll through the status of the PL test as of last week. This is after only four of the nine months experiments. The peanut boards contains again four samples with identical carrier Japanese paper or hollitex and of course for tapes this does not always apply. Red colorized fields are outright failures, yellow are borderline or questionable system and light green are so far looking good but the brightest green are so far the ones that didn't show any creep at all. Instances where two different colors appear simultaneously are instances where the carrier is having some influence on the bond strength. During installation and by the end of the first week a number of samples failed completely. We repeated this to verify that the application didn't affect the integrity of the bond. This was even repeated with lighter weights and we found they failed too. We will provide an update of the testing as completed in five months and with this video we want to show that there is a role that paper carrier influences the adhesive bond. Let remind you that we conducted all of these tests using just one type of RC paper and you will find in the presentation online the results like listed so you don't kind of get crazy looking at the images stopping the video. Now the last part of this talk is going to focus on characterizing RC paper in photography and now digital printing. We initially selected 13 papers. This includes vintage and currently available RC paper and RC type papers. We decided to include the digital papers because these materials are acquired by and displayed at MOMA and come into the lab on a regular basis. If the previous findings suggest the adhesive carrier interaction influences the bond the next part of this study examines papers and how their inherent properties might influence adhesion. Our collection is growing and we are getting additional paper both new and vintage. The resin in RC paper is polyethylene. This polymer is a polyolefin which is characterized by a long aliphatic non-polar chain structure consisting in only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. The image on the right shows 100 microliter drop of water on polyethylene, a material that water has a very little affinity for. This is the cracks of the problem for RC prints in general. Adhesives that have a very good cohesive strength arising from their own polarity have a weak affinity for non-polar material like polyethylene. Wedding is the first step towards adhesion. Consider the long-term ramification of a bond between two materials that have a weak affinity for each other. If the substrate was more polar, however, like polyester or even an oxidized polyethylene, the water would more effectively wet the surface. We can quantify the difference with contact angle measurements which we will show in a few slides. We did ATR, FTIR on our RC paper samples and by inspecting the carbon-hydrogen we can see that not all RC papers are pure an oxidized polyolefins. The FTIR of these 13 papers suggests only a few are pure polyethylene, while some must contain components or oxidized polyethylene due to the presence of carbonyl or carbon-double bonded to oxygen. It is interesting to know that the two bottom spectra here that don't indicate any carbonyl are associated with the vintage papers. Sodi-oxidation is not age-related, rather manufacturers later learned that some polarity would improve inks and markers to stick to the verso. Obviously this opens up our option for adhesive too. In this detail of the previous spectra we see only the carbonyl absorption band. The samples colored out on the right have a carbonyl maximum at about 1720. This is an excellent agreement with the literature for polyethylene that has been oxidized by coronadis charge. You also find in the pattern literature for photographic papers coronadis charge being the method used to improve the paper's compatibility with inks. Traditional adhesives might be viable for these polar RC papers. Not every conservator then has half a TIR to identify the papers, but the contact angle test might suffice in assessing the paper surface polarity and therefore potential adhesive suitable for use. In this test we use a small mechanic mirror set at 45 degree angle with a few microscope slides to raise the paper so it could be easily be viewed in the reflected image with a microscope. The paper being tested was weighted down and a 100 microliter drop was placed on the paper. We waited for three seconds and captured the image. And you can see here with this video how that happened and it was so beautiful I guess. We wanted for the droplet, it's almost invisible at naked eye and theoretically non-destructive. You will find technical information about the mirror and the special pipette we used at the end of this presentation or also online. The angle of contact in the image was measured in Photoshop and it was great because you can actually have the right angle that you can just use in that software. And you can see here that not all RC papers have the same polarity. These are our results. Previously we feared that RC prints were non-polar, but this is only true for some papers, not for all. The RC prints were non-polar, but today this is much less likely to be the case. The image at the left concurs with the FTIR spectra. These systems are the most aliphatic or hydrophobic and the ones on the right have the strongest carbonyl signal. The Eiffel multigrade, which is this in yellow, is the paper we are using in our original adhesive testing because this is a true polyolefin, meaning it is hydrophobic and relatively difficult to get adhesive to stay stuck together. We are conducting surface characterization studies on all these paper samples to evaluate if and how surface roughness influences adhesion. In here, our light section, and this is actually the surface, of course, of the Verso. The differential interference contrast, micro-rackin imaging, and micro-rackin imaging with Henian's contrast, and we are using the workflow that Paul Messier used for the Thomas Walter project. So there are a number of next steps in the queue for us in the next months, including artificial aging, Wilhelm research, hinge removal assessment, and testing to evaluate the chemical stability of the image material with the adhesives. But suggestions for additional adhesives and carrier are more than welcome for further testing. Please send us your ideas, and I'd like to thank again Jay and Sara, FASC, and Center for Creative Photography. Thank you.


Welcome back to the 1980s. Nostalgia is a funny old game. And let me just clear something up here. If you don't have a friend who owned an Amstrad CPC back in the day, you're the problem. Oh, and by the way, this is not a history lesson about the Amstrad. This is more a video about those graphic artists out there that saw all those specky ports to the Amstrad CPC and thought, ugh, we've got to do better than this. So, like me, they just wanted a quality on the Amstrad. And the Amstrad graphics, including the colour palette, left a positive early impression. And I couldn't think of a better way to kick this video off than with Trantor, the last Stormtrooper. It not only looks terrific, but it's doing all the things that the Amstrad isn't supposed to be able to do. It's one of Amstrad's many Rembrandts. And Coda David Perry and graphics artist Nick Brutey did the Amstrad proud. Now this was a big deal back in the day. There was nudity long before you could type naked in your search engine. Kids had Stormlord. It's a fantastic, in fact, it's a masterclass of an adventure from Raphael Seaco and the graphics and sound alone are stunning. In fact, for a while on the Amstrad CPC, in my humble opinion, it was the best looking game I'd seen for some time. Suffice to say, it makes great use of the Amstrad's colour palette. There were two things guaranteed from anything released by Dynamic Software. The games were brutally difficult and they nearly always came with pretty graphics. After the War Scrolls nice and it makes tremendous use of the Amstrad's colour palette. And if you're into mindless blasting, this takes some beating. What's also interesting about this is the graphics modes are split between the top and bottom part of the screen. So the game area is in mode zero and the scoring area is in mode one. David Perry and Nick Brutey strike again on the Amstrad with Savage. The whole thing is finished in 16 colour throughout the three stages. And whilst it's no PlayStation 5 in the graphics department, back in the day this was pushing the Amstrad CPC nearer to its limits. But just look at it, it's a thing of beauty. It's so smooth, it's fast and the little touches to the animation you can see haven't gone unnoticed. Unconvinced more than ever. When I look back at the Amstrad CPC graphics, I feel so lucky to have owned this computer. The Amstrad was where it was at. I think if the computer would have been released maybe a year earlier and sold a few more million, not only might it have been the lead platform, we'd have probably seen a hell of a lot more games. With this level of quality, I seriously want to celebrate this game as a work of art. And look at that, goodness me. It must have been so exciting to work as a graphic artist on the Amstrad. I remember buying this and I was really impressed, especially with the graphics and the way the waves came at you and the colour in the background. So I added it just because at the time, I guess it was that shock value. And I loaded it up recently just to see if I'd imagined what I'd originally played in the graphics department and it still looks good. And the bonus is there's a good challenge. I know it doesn't scroll, but just look at it. It's absolutely fabulous to look at throughout, throughout all the levels. There's no question for me, this is one of Amstrad's finest and it came from Ocean as well, Ocean Software. And we have to remember that this would have been released in 1987. And the strength of the game is it just gets better to look at the further you progress. It's a cult classic on the Amstrad CPC and I've not spoken to anybody that doesn't love it. It's not perfect, things don't move as smoothly as I'd prefer, as I'd like, but the abundance of 16 colour and the well-defined sprites. Yes, there's a little bit of flicker on the main sprite, but apart from that, the rainbows actually look like rainbows unlike the other 8-bit versions. And this video isn't even scratching the surface. There's boss fights, there's all sorts of different levels. It's a fantastic little arcade conversion and it's done the Amstrad the 8-bit proud. This is actually one of my favourite platform games on the Amstrad CPC. It's also one of the best looking. My wife and I are watching the Adams Family spin-off on Netflix Wednesday and that's really good, but it reminded me of this game so I went back in and played it for a little bit and it's still bloody good. It's also worth tracking down a long play of this game and you'll get a sense for how big the game is and how well done the graphics are throughout. Ah, Xenon, terrible idea to add this one. But it's all fuelled by nostalgia at the end of the day and I remember loading this up and I was quite impressed with this. I thought it was a decent attempt of one of the best 16-bit shooters. I also think we did well to get this as a hand-me-down. I'm not sure if anybody in their right mind would play this today, but I'm just making the point that back then I thought it looked really good. This is basically Thundercats. Hear the magic, hear the roar. It's a difficult game, but if you persevere with it you can really get some fun out of it, some enjoyment out of it. I've played it on all the 8-bits, the Commodore 64, the ZX Spectrum, but I prefer the Amstrad. The scroll is decent, the animation is decent, the graphics are really colourful and this is another game from David Perry and the graphics from a guy called Nigel Brownjorn. Try as I might. I can't get off the first level. I used to be fantastic at this game and the second level sees you riding around in the head of the Statue of Liberty, flinging fireballs at all sorts of monsters and ghosts coming towards you and from memory the Marshmallow Man is at the end of the stage as well and it looks terrific. The chap called Steve Green did the graphics and he also later went on in 2004 to do the graphics for Sirius Sam. Remember kids, stay puffed. Every 8-bit owner knows about Batman. On the Amstrad it's probably one of the better games and I suspect it would feature in anybody's top 10. I personally love the graphics in this game. I absolutely love the detail, the sprite animation and the fact that you can flick your rope out and you're transcended to the other side of the screen instantly. Just love everything about this game and especially the graphics. Absolute thing of beauty. Here's another terrific game on the Amstrad that hardly ever gets a mention. I really like it I especially like the first level and the third stage which is a shoot and up section. For me it represents everything that was great about 8-bit what it stood for and I especially love the graphics in this game. They are some of the best. So I'm not sure why it doesn't get talked about more but enough of that we're here for the graphics and for an 8-bit these more than hold up. Good old Danny Boy. He can't beat Nick Brutze and David Perry. A strike again with Dandere 3. The first two Dandere games. I quite like them. I thought they looked really good. Especially the first one because it had that comic book style but the controls were a bit iffy. What we've got here is quite majestic. They really pulled out all the graphical stops. Sometimes I have to pinch myself and remind myself that this was an 8-bit and Amstrad CPC. Graphically it's easily one of the best. I've included Agent X2 purely for this level alone. The other levels you could take or leave. You know I just remember being blown away by the smoothness of the scroll and the look and feel of the game. The visuals are done by Mark Wilson, Steven Tatlock and John Tatlock and like the graphics just listen to that music by Tim Folin. Truly magnificent. Barbarian is the reason I look down on all 8-bit computers equally. I wouldn't have been surprised back in the day if this had been running on an Atari ST or later on the Commodore Amiga. It's that good. Pound for pound the Amstrad CPC is not only the heaviest 8-bit computer Oh gosh, it was often capable of the most beautiful display as well. I can't think of anything sensible to say about this game. It's a really good racing game, bike game and the animation on the bike is fantastic. The speed update is probably on par with Martex, Nigel Mansell's Grand Prix. But I think the thing that captures it for me the thing that pulls me in is how fast everything is and how good everything holds together and looks at top speed. I think it's safe to say that this is probably the best shooter map on the Amstrad CPC. It's also probably one of the best looking. I mean, the Amstrad CPC is one of the most peculiar computers which is, you know, one of the reasons I do rather like it and people waste lots of their time trying to criticise it and yes, things could have turned out better but I also think people should be rather more patriotic about it. It's British. I think most of us remember ZX Spectrum ports as a bad dream. The Amstrad CPC was the third machine and by that very existence that means it was top of the pile and we had every right to expect games that took the machine near its capability and this one looks flipping brilliant. It was a disgrace that we even got Speccy ports when you see things like this and I'm one of those wingers that moans about them all the time. This was one of my big delusional moments on the Amstrad CPC back in 1986. I was convinced that this arcade perfect. I mean I saw screenshots in computer and video games and other magazines at the time but until I'd actually played the arcade version this was like a honeymoon period for me and compared to a lot of the games on the Amstrad around this time this one really stood out. Get Dexter looked absolutely amazing but this second one took it to another level I remember thinking my god what's going on the original took me by surprise the second one I just wasn't expecting caught me cold. This was just the boost the Amstrad CPC needed at the time and I talked this game and the Amstrad up like there was no tomorrow. The best thing is it's all beautifully designed and really well animated. I first remember seeing the Commodore 64 version and I was like oh gosh that's absolutely appalling so I wasn't holding out much for the Amstrad CPC arcade conversion I still had shades of outrun in my mind but the one saving grace is that I remember the same people that worked on Wettelmans were working on the Amstrad version of Chase HQ and just look at it it's bloody marvellous God I remember this one it's completely bonkers in fact I've mostly forgotten how it works but what can't be denied is the quality of the graphics that absolutely brilliant you just have to make sure you see this game because it uses the Amstrad colour palette and graphics in the way it was intended you probably can't see it now but back in the day this amazed me there's a lovely metallic sheen to this game it really stands out it's got that techno feel to it I just remember having lots of fun with it and it was from Ocean Software and when I saw these graphics I thought to myself I've got lots to look forward to this is the way it's going to be from now on and look at that little left hand side scrolling printer it works really well brilliant it's definitely one of my favourites and it's one of my favourites to look at now according to Amtix February 1987 they said that the graphics are very colourful better than the Commodore 64 version and it's a very highly polished piece of programming so I'll definitely take that and it's always nice to know have it confirmed that we've got one over the Commodore 64 it's one of my personal favourites and I absolutely love the graphics stay away from those ghosts yeah I'm not sure what to make of this one as a game I preferred Pacmania you just couldn't see enough of the screen for this one and it was really difficult to finish the graphics though I think personally just up things a notch I love the colour that's being used and the smoothness of the scroll why on earth didn't Pacmania look this good? still back in the day I played the tape out of this now although I found this one a little bit boring a little bit too slow but graphically it doesn't really put a foot wrong so it wasn't utterly miserable I think it's biggest failure is that it's just repetitive and yes it's another example that the Amstrad CPC can do shoot-em-ups and it can scroll perfectly well and just look at all those sprites on screen at once I mean my problem with this game Mr. Heli is that anybody I knew back in the day that knew anything about anything told me that games like this wouldn't work on the Amstrad CPC you know not just from 64 fanboys or ZX Spectrum fanboys from anybody anybody who had a vague idea of how this stuff worked so when I saw this it was like come of the hour come of the computer now I can't remember if this game hit the bottom of the barrel you know if it was any good or not but I remember the graphics and I really like them they really stood out and they get bigger and bolder and better the more you play in fact I don't think there was anything wrong with this game other than it was really difficult but I think the graphics are good I like them I think this one Squeak went down really well and it's probably one of the better games on the Amstrad but it looks absolutely terrific massively cute but terrific I think on the 16-bit versions the game actually scrolls and according to computer and video games back in 1989 they said incredibly even cuter sprites than on the ST and the Amiga versions talking about great graphics not many games on the Amstrad can hold a candle to sorcery in fact Amtix back in November 1985 said to date graphically the best arcade adventure yet for your Amstrad and I don't think many people would argue with that there's lots of fantastic looking games on the Amstrad some I haven't even covered but yes this is up there I imagine that many will argue that this is the best graphically on the Amstrad CPC and computer and video games back in July 1991 they awarded this game 94% but they said that they were amazed by the quality of the Amstrad conversion the animation is as show-stopping as ever the game plays great and there's loads to keep you occupied can't argue with that this is late in the Amstrad's life Super Cauldron it's doing things in 64K that I wasn't even aware the Amstrad could do and it's also one of the best games I've played on the Amstrad I think it also pushes the Amstrad the tablet and the multi-directional scroll further than it's probably been pushed before and when I say that I mean from a stock Amstrad CPC 64K machine now this is a special game on the stock Amstrad CPC it's 128K to run but it's an even better game on the Amstrad Plus machines well I say it's a better game it just looks better, infinitely better but for a stock Amstrad CPC this is a thing of wonder a thing of beauty it's absolutely magnificent it's delightful it's a shame that this game doesn't feature any sound but it's got everything and if you played it on the Amiga then you'll understand how good it is for an 8-bit even the text in the comic book sections has a nice feel about it it's just a really well put together package you can tell, you can see that whoever did the graphics on this game it was a real labour of love they really understood the Amstrad colour palette I remember the first time I saw this winter games and it did, it blew me away and I remember shouting at everyone come and have a look at this, it's unbelievable I was probably only about 8 I love looking back at all of these games I mean there's not much to look forward to at the moment in the UK I mean we've had Brexit we've had three Prime Ministers, two Monarchs a Recession, a European War Exit from the quarterfinals of the World Cup again apparently we finished second in the Eurovision but nobody watched that so the only thing I look forward to outside of my family and relate to right now is retro gaming and none made a bigger impact on the Amstrad CPC in the graphic department in Xypho's fantasy the gameplay, the controls are a little bit ropey but as you can see, look at that look at that and there's so many games I haven't even mentioned Akari Warriors, Renegade Target Renegade, Combat School in fact Dragon Ninja from memory looked really good, it was a nice scroll Gauntlet was really good as well and Gauntlet too in fact Gremlin Graphics released Nigel Mansel, World Championship in the latter stages of the Amstrad's life and that was pretty special as well Graphically there's a lot to celebrate about the Amstrad CPC it really did hold its own and as time's gone on there's been really good progression in the Amstrad community it's more alive now than ever the game that I would cite as probably having the best graphics of all time is Pimbal Dreams and we've still got Vespatino to come so I hope you've enjoyed this video don't forget to like, subscribe, leave a comment and let me know if there's a game I missed now, if you've watched up until this point next are some honorable mentions enjoy


St. Lucia was impacted by a Category 1 hurricane on Friday, July 2, 2021. Assessment of the impact to roads, infrastructure, lives and livelihoods continue as we work on bringing the country back to normalcy. Unfortunately, there was report of one fatality in the Forsythiax-Suffer area. Let me pause for a minute to express my condolences to the family of Mr. Peter Victor. We at NIMO believe that one life lost is one too many, because you can replace your property but not a life. NIMO received reports of partial and total damage to homes throughout the island. On Saturday, July 3, the Prime Minister and official from Infrastructure and Myself did an aerial reconnaissance to have a view of the damage and as was mentioned previously, the damage to the banana fields was quite visible. Indeed, the agriculture sector suffered extensive damages. Please be reminded that we are still in the midst of an active Atlantic hurricane season and based on the destructive nature of these tropical activities, you are advised to continue with the hurricane preparedness if you have not done so. Your preparedness plan should include, for example, a family plan, a business plan, assessment around your home and property to identify the hazards. As you see the progress of ELSA after impacting several islands in the Winwood Island and the entire Caribbean chain with rainfall and gusty winds, I remind you of the real and present threat and danger these activities can have on our society from economic to social and loss of lives and livelihoods. As you see the progress of ELSA after impacting several islands in the Winwood and the entire Caribbean chain with rainfall and gusty winds, I remind you of the present and real threat and danger these activities can have on our society from an economic to social and loss of lives and livelihoods. We have about 15 more storms remaining and it takes only one to cause catastrophic effect on any one country. With the rise in climate change, we have seen the rapid intensification of hurricanes, for example, tropical storm ELSA changing rapidly into a hurricane within a short space of time. This behavior could have only been made possible due to climate change and the effects of climate change on our small island development states and this could only be mitigated through preparedness. Preparedness also builds on the resilience of people and as a nation it is our desire to become resilient. In closing, I would like to express my solidarity with the other SIDMA member states and other countries that were impacted by Hurricane ELSA. Thank you.


Well, hello everyone. Thank you for being here tonight. We know it's a tight schedule at Davos, so we appreciate everyone being here. My name is Enrique Azevedo, and I work for a media company that was built around the power of diversity. And not just gender or race, but also points of view. By 2020, half of all US children are going to be part of a minority group, so we represent the changing face of America. I'm an anchor for Univision and a special correspondent for This Is Fusion, and this year we have partnered with the World Economic Forum to discuss and re-imagine the 21st century dream. That's the name of our session. On a more personal note, this is our third four year at Davos. We're really happy to be here. At first, I thought that the job of the moderator was like an orchestra director. You potentialize the talent of the people on stage. But now I realize he's more like growing with a bulls in Pamplona. The key here is to stay out of the way, to let you, the audience, fully enjoy the experience. So with that in mind and with that spirit, I'm going to do a brief introduction of our very distinguished panel and ask them to share with us to start this conversation. Their 21st century dream, I'll start in order. Rodrigo Tejero from Argentina, a young global leader and the founder and director of a very interesting startup in Argentina. Tell us about it and welcome, Rodrigo. Yeah, from Recargape. So it's a very wide question, right? So what I believe is that talent and dreams are evenly distributed, but opportunity is not. And in the last 20 years, there's two technologies that have been very important in the internet and the supercomputer that we have in our pockets, smartphone. And I want to share my example. I'm Argentinian. I live in Argentina. I have a company that's a mobile wallet. And basically, we reach millions of people. We're 50 people in the company. But although I'm an Argentinian, 99% of our business is outside of Argentina. It's a US company. And we've crowdsourced the whole business. So we've raised millions of dollars through this business. And what I want to share with that is that today, this technology, the internet smartphone, is actually allowing these opportunities for the vast majority of the people. So this is a dream that, in my world, has come true for me. So today, I'm sharing this panel. And for me, this is an incredible one. I'm very grateful for it. So this is my dream, in a sense. Thank you, Rodrigo. Matzi Modisa from South Africa, global shaper. A key. She's got more fans than will I am, apparently. But tell us about your startup in South Africa. And of course, briefly about your 21st century dream. Sure. So I'm Matzi Modisa. I'm a global shaper from the Soweto have in South Africa. And I run an industry association called CIMODISA. And it's about creating and building entrepreneurship ecosystems on the continent. It's a function of identifying what's required to move this paradigm of ensuring that we create an enabling environment for any entrepreneur to survive. Whether in San Francisco or whether in Johannesburg, we have to give you the ability to run and build your own business. So that's what I do. And I am passionate. I'm an entrepreneur. And I'm an entrepreneurship activist. Also, what's important is that I'm a young person. I'm the current generation, not the future generation. We are the majority of the world, the young people, the population. And we cannot be ignored. We have been able to inherit key decisions of what the elder people have done. But we're also custodians of key decisions of now. But I also feel that young people are the leaders of the fourth industrial generation. And the 21st century dream means that it has to be inclusive. It has to have everybody feel like they're part of this dream. It has to be integrated. We all have to feel like we plugged into the world. It has to be one that everybody feels that they have the skills to go into this world. We have to equip the young people with the skills and the ability. So the 21st century dream is very critical. And it's something that young people of today are going to lead. Inclusion, that's something we're going to be discussing. Of course, tonight, Mutar Kent, the president and chief executive officer of the Coca-Cola Company, who insisted that we had young global leaders and global shapers in our panel tonight. Of course, it's not something that we didn't want. But we recognize that, Mr. Kent, your 21st century dream. Yeah, well, first, I'm really proud that we started supporting the young global. The first and only major company to start supporting the young global shapers. When Klaus and I talked about this four or five years ago to bring really a much younger voice to Davos. And it's the fourth year now. So I'm really proud that all of them are here and supporting their fellow young global shapers here. But I will tell you what my dream is around the three W's that we always follow in the Coca-Cola Company to have stronger communities where we do business. The three W's are women, water, and well-being. And I hope that the fourth industrial revolution and all the technologies that come with that from nanotechnology to 3D printing to every single smart system that is available to us enables us to achieve all those goals that we have in our three W's. For women, the three W's are that we want to have empowered 5 million women outside of the four walls of the Coca-Cola Company by 2020. We got five years to go, and we believe that we can hopefully live that dream in this 21st century in 2020. In water, our goal was to be water-neutral by 2020. We've already achieved that in 2015. Our dream would be to achieve that in our down supply chain, where eight, 10 times more water is used in our supply chain than what we use in agriculture in all the things that we actually buy, that we can achieve that in our supply chain all the way down. But when we do that, the world will be a place where water is respected much more than today. That's the dream there. And well-being is not just physical well-being, mental well-being, financial well-being. And so what we would like definitely is the inclusiveness that we don't have today in the world. The 200 million unemployed goes away and that we actually are able to, through all the technologies, all the smart systems, all the grids, all the home smart systems, all the agricultural smart systems, factory smart systems are able to have us actually create more net jobs than we lose and that then we have a very inclusive world. That's the dream. The three Ws. Yes. Thank you so much. Representing the disruptors, Nathan Chasic from Airbnb, co-founder and chief technology officer, thank you so much for being here. Your 21st century dream. My dream is that anybody can be a micro-entrepreneur. And by micro-entrepreneur, I mean have the ability to earn a supplementary income. This is what we see happening on Airbnb today. We have over a million hosts in 191 countries who share their home and derive a second source of income. And I've seen the power of that second source of income. It gives people the space and time and ability to take risk. And they often use that to, I've heard stories of many bootstrapping their business. Sometimes it's a tech business. Sometimes it's a bakery. Sometimes it's a young person. Sometimes it's a retiree. Sometimes they use this opportunity to follow a passion that takes them down the road of a nonprofit. So by giving people flexibility and a little bit of extra income to pursue their dreams, I think it's a powerful thing. Thank you so much. And William Adams, also known as Will I Am, the founder of the I Am Foundation and award-winning musician and music producer. Thank you, sir, for being here tonight. Thank you. It's good to be here. Would you share your 21st century dream with us? So I'll share my 21st century dream by just giving a snap. Hello. Picture of what the 20th century dream was and who was in the part of adding to that dream. So at the beginning of the 20th century, Africans, a lot of Latinos, were not a part of shaping the world. Women were not a part of shaping that world. And in the beginning of that 20th century dream, people like Edison and Tesla, the byproduct of all the things that were working on an electricity, created my industry, music. So we wouldn't have the music industry if it wasn't for GE and RCA. And I moved my mom out the projects in that industry, music. But coming out of poverty with music doesn't mean I'm able to change the neighborhood I come from. So my 21st century dream is to take all that I've earned from music. And that's what I Am Angel is about, is teaching kids tomorrow's skill sets today. So I started an after-school program because it's hard to know how to change the LA Unified School District or any school district in America. So I started an after-school program where I teach kids robotics, computer science, GIS, global information systems. They build maps. We send them off to China every year to learn Mandarin and Cantonese. And my 21st century dream is that the unlikely candidate are a part of this conversation on shaping the world and giving the tools today. So who would have thought that a person from the projects that would stand in line and get free lunch in this summertime because my mom couldn't afford to feed us and stand in line and get powdered milk and cheese would go around the world, sing in music, and take care of my family, and then risk all that money to start a consumer electronics company so I could show the kids in my neighborhood that they should dream to be Steve Jobs, not just Stevie Wonder, or Michael Dells, not just Michael Jackson's. So if I didn't start my own consumer electronics company, they wouldn't have thought that that was possible. So after we sold Beats to Apple, I was one of the founding members of Beats, it gave me the ability and proof that, look, what we can do, guys, we don't just have to dream of being musicians and athletes. We can be scientists and entrepreneurs and engineers and solve tomorrow's problems. And so taking what we've done in the ghetto that I'm from, I want to scale that and go to places like in Africa and Philippines and South and Central America with this proof that we can participate in shaping the world with tomorrow's skill sets. Talking about unlikely candidates, I just want to point out that most of the members of this panel are immigrants, some rose through the corporate ladder from nothing to everything, disruptors, young entrepreneurs, people changing the world with music. So I think that speaks a lot about diversity and the power of diversity too. We want the audience to participate. It's part of what we encouraged this year. It used to be that they didn't let you take yourself on out and do anything with it. Now take yourself on out, take pictures, share them. And also you can participate in a poll that we have today. And before I read you the question for the poll, which I have in my phone, sorry about that, I'm going to take out one of my favorite gadgets, this newspaper, and read you this headline from today. 2016 will be even worse than 2015, says the World Economic Forum. The world will be a more dangerous place this year with everything for environmental catastrophes to the migration crisis. So with that in mind, I ask you if you're optimistic about the future. And you can participate in our poll. You'll see the link there. It's wef.ch slash 21c, or you can tweet with the hashtag 21st Century Dream. We had a meeting with global shapers yesterday because we wanted their voice to be included here too with a group of them. And they already tweeted about their 21st Century Dream. Francis Solano from the Philippines say, I dream of a world-world conflict because of resources, its history, and where the youth truly cares for the Earth. Myel Reed from San Francisco said, more equitable access to opportunity, optimism, over fear, and collaboration across differences. So that's part of what we have. You see, not at all optimistic, a little bit optimistic, very optimistic. You choose, and we'll have the results at the end so you can be part of this conversation. So I want to talk about inequality and opportunity first. And that's something we talked about in that laying around inclusion and equality. I was talking about these numbers backstage. It costs around $400 for a kid to go through the school process in Africa. We invest $400 in a kid in Africa. In the US and Europe, that figure is around $100,000 from kindergarten to high school. So with that gap, with that inequality, are we talking about just one dream or different versions of that 21st century dream? And I'll start with Wunter Kent. Look, I think there's inequality not just in the education system, but there's inequality and also access to water, basic hygiene, the health issue. Access to everything. So I think it's not just about education. There's huge gaps in the world today. And of course, everyone's dream is that those gaps go away. They're not going to go away themselves. That $400,000 to $100,000 is not going to go away. The access to basic rights, dignity, all of that is not going to go away. Freedom versus having freedom, that gap is not going to go away unless we have much more collaboration between government, business, and civil society. Governments can't do it alone. Businesses can't do it alone. And neither can NGOs do it alone. But I think we have enough examples, whether it be water conservation systems, whether it be employment opportunities for youth, whether it be gender opportunities and getting rid of gender disparities, we have enough examples where the golden triangle, I call it, between government, business, and civil society is yielding very positive results. And I think we just need to find the way and pave the way to have many more of these golden triangle partnerships as we go through the 21st century starting now. Because if we don't, those disparities are going to grow. And the have and have nots are going to grow. And the thing that I worry the most on that chart that worries me gives me the highest worry is that the social mosaic that we know today is not going to last if we continue to have 200 million unemployed. And the rate of losing traditional jobs versus creating new technology jobs now is in favor, unfortunately, of losing traditional white collar type jobs and administrative jobs. One million net a year right now based on the latest human capital report of the World Economic Forum, Trustee Counsel for Employment, which I'm the chair of. So I think the solution lies in creative partnerships utilizing technology. Mati, Melissa, how do we pave the way for young people in Africa? It's an interesting one. But my favorite is that education is the nucleus of bridging this gap. What do you do when you cannot comprehend the opportunities that are existing? What do you do when you are not able to take advantage of what exists within your platform? I mean, there's a high level of people are very illiterate. It's important that education forms the basis of our ability to bridge this gap. We have to be able to feed people with the skills and the capability to do something because we're talking about the fourth industrial revolution. A lot of the people where I come from are still in the second industrial revolution. How do we move them? How do we make them leapfrog? But as a young African, it's a function of, I don't want to think of playing catch-up to the rest of the world and leapfrogging to the fourth industrial revolution. It's a function of how do young Africans lead the fourth industrial revolution, not leapfrogging and not playing catch-up. Will, you were talking about that, leading that revolution not only aspiring to be part of something that is not a transcendental change? Yeah, it's about focus, right? And who's going shed skin and take risks? And how young do you start? So there's this guy that, one of my heroes, his name is Dean Kamen. He has this program called First Robotics. And Coca-Cola Company are one of the folks that help sustain First Robotics to teach kids early on that nine years old to build robots. So I believe that it's about focus, dedication, sacrifice and commitment. There's a lot of wealthy people in Africa. There's a lot of people that are willing to work. Why, I don't understand why we just can't make it happen, and it's by starting early and having an earmark for 20 years from now.  If you go back just less than seven years ago, there wasn't apps. There was no such thing as app developers. Because iPhone wasn't out. Nokia was the giant. Nokia doesn't even exist today. So a lot can happen in 10 years. So I'm a super optimistic. So when I see those worry charts, I'm like, okay, let's put our optimism goggles on and start early at nine years old and go. Don't try to influence our poll here. We're trying to see the results at the end. You're already changed right away. No, but you scared them by putting worries up. I'm like, hey, optimism first. Now let's go and get busy. Nathan, you mentioned starting early and I can't agree more. We shouldn't underestimate the potential of young people. I myself got started in the tech industry at the age of 12. I was fortunate that my dad is an electrical engineer and we had a computer at home and we had books at home. But one day I was homesick from school and I just started looking at the books. I was curious. And that was the beginning of me teaching myself how to program, buying more books. And I taught myself everything I needed to know about computers outside of school and it became the basis of a business that I ran throughout high school and I used it to later pay for my college education. More important than that, there was the confidence it created in me that I could teach myself anything I put my mind to and that I could create things that other people valued. I know there's so many young people. We gotta realize that they're capable of so much. We, of course, have to create the environment though where they can learn. They have to have access to the material whether it's through school or through the library or a community center or their families. But I think starting early is so important. It puts you on a fundamentally different trajectory. Fast forward 10, 20 years and you can be just totally somewhere else. Can I just add to this? Sure, go ahead, yeah. So you were encouraged. We can't underestimate the power of encouragement, right? So less than 70 years ago, there wasn't a country called Singapore either. So a lot, you can do, Africa could change dramatically in the future, right? So Bengal or India, I went there in 2006, it is, Bengal or India's transformed because of tech. People in Africa have cell phones, but they just, no one's telling them that they can participate in this conversation around disruption and transformation. You can learn everything on that, but no one's telling them how to learn on their own. So there's a lot you can do. It's amazing, you mentioned cell phones. Now a kid in Africa with a smartphone has access to more technology and more information than what Bill Clinton had when he was in the White House. So that's how far we've come, just really quickly, because I always complain that Latin America comes last and I'm doing that to Rodrigo and Tejero. And talking about inequality and opportunity, we come from a region with critical inequality. Just to mention, in my case, in Mexico, we have more than 50 million people living in extreme poverty or below the poverty line. Around five million people living in extreme poverty, I think it's a figure. Talk about inequality and opportunity in Latin America briefly, people. Okay, I mean, most of the problems in the world are solved with growth, and growth comes from productivity. And productivity comes from technology. And what I said before on technology, on connectivity and smartphones, is just these two technologies are making a huge difference for the opportunities of so many young people for education, for work, for doing so many things. And I think that's something that, with the example I showed before of my own company and how we've been able to do it all across Latin America, it shows the potential of the smartphone, of the internet, of really allowing billions of people across the world to really have access because this distribution platform is incredibly efficient. And I help out in different organizations and there's one that go to slums and you actually see people very poor with smartphones. And they use practically everything on those, these WhatsApp, Facebook, and the potential of learning from there is just dramatic. So, and those dreams I think today are being equalized in a sense because of that opportunity of being connected to the world. And I think the smartphone is the connection to the world. And thanks to the internet, it's something that we have to do so most of the people in the world can have connectivity. And that's, I think, one of the most important things so we can equalize dreams and equalize the opportunities for everybody. I guess as people become more connected, they become more aware and more conscious of their rights. And that has had a huge backlash from corporations and governments. How do we do this golden triangle of collaboration that we're talking about? One of the things that we're talking about here, of course, is the importance of education, learning. You talked about it. We'll talk about it. And I think one of the impediments that we have to, barriers that we have to get rid of is that if you go around the world, most of the places, Latin America, Asia, Africa, even in the Western world, the percentage of schools, K, you know, one through 12 schools that have access to high-speed internet, you would be amazed how low single digits in most of the world, countries around the world.  And so I think that's one of the things that we have to start working on, all of us, the golden triangle. What can we all do? And one of the interesting things that happened to me, over the last sort of 12 months, is that there's a company startup in the United States called OneWeb, set up by a fellow called Greg Weiler. And they're building satellites, low-cost satellites, small satellites that they're going to launch in the next 24 months. Other investors here are Branson, Airbus, and Qualcomm, Paul Jacobs. And we went in as a founding partner, investing in this company, for a different reason. Why we went in is to exactly that, provide, help provide high-speed internet to schools around continents like Africa. Jumpstart, because you don't need cables. Once the 600 satellites are launched at a low orbit, about 80 kilometers instead of 400 kilometers, the normal satellite orbit, you can actually generate high-speed internet with an antenna half the size of this little portfolio. And a country, middle-sized country, say a Columbia or Argentina, you'd be able to, you would spend no more than $20 million to get 100% coverage in all schools for high-speed internet. Imagine what that can do. How that can leapfrog and change the paradigm. Another thing is, you know, I checked how many ministers of education there are here at Davos this year. How many? Well, not a handful, not a handful. So, we have ministers of finance, we have ministers of trade, ministers of agriculture, every kind of minister. We don't have ministers of education. Maybe that's why the web says these years are going to be worse than the last one. Yeah, well, I don't know. But I think we need to put everything in scale without this leapfrogging and without giving people access, equalizing that word in the rest of the world. I think we're not gonna get there. And I think with equalization, through disruption and through technology, like one web that is gonna provide this kind of access to high-speed internet, I think there's a chance. Just wanted to ask Nathan about Airbnb in Cuba. That started last year and it's an interesting case because we talk about, you know, awareness, people more conscious of their rights and the backlash that I was referring to from governments and corporations. I think that could be a good example. So, I got to go down to Cuba last year around, I think it was April time, May. And it was really interesting. In Cuba, there's not a lot of connectivity. There's connectivity for government employees, there's connectivity at universities, but the average person doesn't have access to the internet or at least not affordably so. And yet, they have managed, they meaning the average person has managed to get access to a lot of content. I met with some entrepreneurs, I was curious, what is a Cuban entrepreneur like? And this Cuban entrepreneur had seen a video on YouTube about the Airbnb success story and was excited about some of the lessons that he thought he had learned and wanted to talk to me about it. And I was blown away. I said, how did you get access to YouTube down in Cuba? But they've come up with a system to work around the lack of... Don't reveal their system because we don't want to... Oh, this is public. But basically, someone downloads the internet and content onto physical drives, big one terabyte drives, and you can go to the store and pick your programs and get it on a flash drive and watch videos. So it was amazing to see how resourceful people can be when some of these things are missing. Yeah, incredible. Will, you wanna say something about internet? Yeah, so last year was my first year coming to Davos and I met Greg from OneWeb and he was with Richard Branson and I was just sponging up this dream he had on a new constellation of satellites. And then a couple of months later, I'm in London with Moutar we're talking about a sustainability project that we have called EcoCycle. And he tells me about OneWeb. I said, I've met Greg. Can you tell him that I wanna be involved in OneWeb because my vision on what I'm doing in my neighborhood and taking that and scaling it and bringing it to other parts of the world, OneWeb will be perfect. So I'm not just a blind optimist because I sponge up the world so much. There's a lot of solutions out there. It's just about connecting those dots. And OneWeb is that technology allowing everyone to have access to the internet.  You've got to get them and encourage them to be a part of this conversation, discipline themselves and give them tomorrow's tools so they could write code, build robots and compete. Like, who ever thought that a little guy can compete with a big guy? Look at Airbnb. Who ever thought that they could really disrupt hotels? I remember the first time you were there. I went to Airbnb to visit their offices one time and I was like, I don't get it. Do you remember that? 2011, I was like, well, I like hotels. I don't get it. And then today, I was like, OK. I feel like a fool because I remember that. And he's like, he could really be like, yeah, well, the fucker. He could have really put me in my place. But thank you so much for being so helpful with that. But that goes to show you that a lot of people probably told him that. A lot of people probably said you can't move the needle. Hotels are too big. What are you guys thinking? But when you encourage folks and you have willing people that are dedicated, look at what you can do. Look at Uber. Look what they did. You know, look at the unlikely candidate, Apple. They were not in the phone business. They changed phones forever. The same thing can happen to folks that were always left behind. As soon as you push them and you give them the tools, watch what happens. So let's connect the dots. Connecting this discussion to the brother conversation here in Davos, the new prime minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, a phenomenal leader. Yesterday he said technology needs to serve the cause of human progress, not serve as a substitute for it. And we were talking about the promise of technology in this panel. But what about some of the perils of technology? And when you want to leapfrog from the second industrial revolution to the fourth industrial revolution, what are some of the perils of technology for people in Africa, for example? Well, I think an able of technology would probably be infrastructure. So without electricity, there's no internet. So let's just start with the basics. We talk about a partnership between the public, the private, and the civil society. We need to invest in the infrastructure. Because without the infrastructure, people don't have access. So we essentially have to identify, what are the key elements that will actually enable this technology and make sure that everybody does have access to it? So I'm one of those people that's constantly promoting that people need to have access to the corrective infrastructure. We need to invest in the infrastructure. And let's talk about millennials, because that's something that's a key component of the conversation here at Davos. And there are expectations in terms of being part of the workplace, in terms of sustainability, gender equality, just a quick note, 82% of the 2,500 participants this year at Davos are men. Only 18% are women, just one women on our panel. Just saying. But gender equality is one of the expectations for millennials. You work in a millennial workspace. Nathan, tell us about their expectations in terms of moving forward. At Airbnb, I think the median age is probably about 29. And there's not that much spread on that. So it's a very young workplace. Everybody who comes to Airbnb comes for the mission. The mission is to create a world where 7 billion people can belong anywhere. Anywhere doesn't just mean geographically. It means outside of your comfort zone. So we're very values-based. And I think that's a pattern you see amongst young workers, is they want to work for purpose. It really matters. And we see that internally. All these issues around inequality and having more women in leadership positions and LGBT equality are all things that the employees are incredibly passionate about. And that we take extra time to model internally so we can project that externally. LGBT equality, that's something that Vice President Joe Biden mentioned in a breakfast.  What are you doing as a co-corporation, coca-cola company to advance this agenda of gay rights in the world? Well, I think the broader thing, the broader picture is that our consumers, particularly young consumers, no longer actually just only want a good product, a product that tastes good, or a product that feels good, but they want to also ensure that whoever produces those goods and services, the character of the people that produce them, the company, is also matches their character as it relates to the planet, as it relates to sustainability, as it relates to making communities stronger, as it relates to the whole equation of how stakeholders actually value for stakeholders are created, all stakeholders. So I think that, I think, is critical. Within that equation, diversity is key to attracting the best talent in the world, as was just expressed. And from that perspective, diversity for religion, diversity for race, diversity for gender, and diversity for every single type of individual has to be respected in a corporation and upheld the dignity. And that's what we do at Coca-Cola. We're one of the first companies that actually put LGBT couples in advertising. And I think that was a big breakthrough. And obviously, everything else inside the company, in terms of rights for LGBT couples, which we uphold. But I think, importantly, going out and portraying LGBT couples in our advertising was really important breakthrough. Rodrigo, what are the role of the corporations in advancing the millennium agenda, climate change? We talked about gender equality, LGBT rights, others. What is the role of the company? Look, what I would add actually right now is, I mean, millennials have come of age in globalization in this tech disruption. I mean, they're digital natives. And these people are going to be expecting another way to relate to the world. And that's probably going to change all types of industries. I think that the concept of people using Uber and expecting that type of response for everything is something that's very important. And that's in my sector, in FinTech, for example, there was a survey that it said that millennials, 71% of them prefer to go to the dentist than to go to the bank. And these kind of things are just mind-boggling, right? But the expectation really of getting things instant is very important. And so companies that solve those problems are the companies that are going to thrive. And probably all the industries will be changed because of this behavior that millennials have. And in that sort, for sure, they love diversity. They accept it. They like to work and have a balanced life and pursue a purpose. They want to work on things that they love. And I think that's just being genuine to oneself, right? Is accepting themselves and accepting others. And I think that's a very important part of what you buy and how you work. You certainly understood that very well at Cargat Pay. I'm going to open the four or two questions from our audience. We have one question over here and one question over there from one of our global shapers. And then on social media, we're going to take one question from social media so our team can be ready after these two questions. Thank you so much. My name is Federico Rivas, and I'm a global shaper from the SunSolider Hub. In the words of Professor Hausman, an increase in productivity reduces income inequality in the world. And that is why I applaud Will I Am Foundation because it's exactly where you're connecting kids into a global economy by giving those skill sets of coding, of Mandarin, et cetera. But however, half of this world is young. And in regions like Africa and Latin America or where I come from in El Salvador, kids with their free time, they're forced to join gangs and are forced to all sorts of terrors on their day to day. So I want to ask our tech experts on the panel today, how quickly will these developing regions will be fully integrated on this fourth industrial revolution? How quickly will this jump from the second to the fourth will come and how optimistic are you that this science will save our youth? Well, I don't necessarily think this is just a technology problem. Technology might be able to help, it might be one input. But I think role models is something we didn't talk much about. Will mentioned it a little bit. But I think role models are so important to setting someone on the right trajectory and motivating them to think bigger. So in some places, your role model might be a gang member. And that's going to be a hard thing to overcome. Many young people's role models are professional athletes. And that's great, but not everyone's going to be a professional athlete. How do we get more young people to understand that they can teach themselves how to code, that they can start a business, that they can do something that others really value and really take control of their destiny? I think we as society need to think about how can we make those role models more visible into communities that might not be having access to those kinds of messages. That's a powerful message in the age of recruiting power of organizations like ISIS, for example, will I am? Being raised in an area where gangs was normal, gun violence, teenage deaths, senseless shooting, new type of entrepreneurs selling the legal stuff, that was normal for me. And when you got to look at it for what it truly is, no gang, they have a product they sell. They're not just a gang to be a gang. Hey, let's go out and be violent. That's not, there's a product they sell. And in a terrorist, there's some product they sell. But we don't look at it as business. So businesses have to be competitive and adopt and recruit earlier. Because the workforce will get swallowed up. That's why there's so many jobs unfilled in the tech sector. And those jobs will change communities forever. That's the reason why I'm focused there. So I go to my kids and I'm like, hey, who are you guys going to be? El Chapo, Carlos Slim. I was born in an all Mexican neighborhood, right? Every woman, I was the only black family. So who are you guys going to be? El Chapo or Carlos Slim? The possibilities of being Carlos Slim, you don't have to risk your life. El Chapo, you probably would never be El Chapo. Let's see the amount of money you can make being Carlos Slim. So when you paint it that simple for them, of course the choice is going to be like, oh wow, I want to have code. I want to build robots. That's the reason why the recruitment starting at 16, now I have 322 kids and a waiting list because I fund it, you know, if I don't fund it, I have to, if I don't raise money, I have to pay for it myself. And for the past, you know, since I started it, I've been paying for it myself. But it's great because the results are awesome. Our kids this year, like I said, they'll go to Harvard and MIT.  So what do you do? So I want to change my neighborhood. That simple, I met General Colin Powell and this was 2008, 2009 after Obama was elected and I played my part on, you know, getting young people to, you know, apply themselves and share their voice and vote. I said, hey, General Colin Powell, what do you think I should do next? You know, how do I get the youth to stay active? He said, well, you should focus on your neighborhood. That you can change without any assistance. I was like, wow, I was like, and then Mark Benioff said the same thing. You know, his one-on-one program with Salesforce he was inspired by General Colin Powell. So there's some people that push you. And so I'm here to continue to push, but you got to see it how simple it is. It's business and business.  Just like in the early 20s, alcohol was an illegal product. Now there's big companies selling alcohol. You know, it was illegal to sell it. Now it's legal, but this new thing is a little different. So we have to be a little bit more conscious on the recruitment and what they could turn into. Like in the political debates you were mentioned, so you have the right to reply, Mr. Kent. Well, I'm not replying. I'm just adding the point. I can't stress the importance of families, mothers specifically. And therefore I think, you know, doing something about education through creating empowerment for mothers is critical. And let me just give you an example. What we see across Brazil, many countries in Africa where we've created economic empowerment for women, identify the woman, give them basic training, basic accounting, basic stock rotation, basic retail techniques, and distribution techniques. Link them with micro crates from the IFC. And these 835,000 women that so far we've been able to economically empower, they really care about their communities. All the money that they earn, they spend in their communities. All the money that they earn, they try to educate their kids. And once those kids are connected, you have a huge sea change. So I can't stress the importance of creating economic empowerment models, simple models that create economic empowerment for women in these areas where tremendous amount of inequality exists. Is a huge sea change if we can do it. And if we can't, I will tell you, then there will be 500 million more unemployed and all that will be fresh ground, ripe ground for recruitment. Recruitment by gangs, recruitment by terrorists, recruitment by every negative thing that generates misery. So we get to the last question. I'll let you two answer that last question. Maria, go ahead. You can stand up and introduce yourself. Yeah, they're gonna answer that last question. Hello, my name is Mariel Reed and I'm a global shaper as well from the San Francisco hub. And I also work at Coursera in the Bay Area, which is the largest massive open online course platform. And I wanted to pull a couple of things together. I'm really glad that young people are so well represented and that there's been such a focus on what we're doing to make sure that young people are included in the future. But we also see that there's this huge disruption of work manufacturing. It's gonna touch basically all aspects of life. And so my question really is, oh, and by the way, people are living a lot longer too. So my question is what are we doing to think about an inclusive future, not just focused on the next generation, but this generation and even above it to make sure that the people that are around now are not also left out of this kind of digital future. Matzi and Rodrigo, you close out, go ahead, Matzi. Sure, it ties on to a point that I wanted to make earlier and an emphasis on education. I think we have to revisit how we educate our youth. In South Africa, there is 25% unemployment and 62% of young people are unemployed. So that says something about you now get young people into a system for 16 years of their life. They come out, they now go into university. They come out, then they have a situation where they're not employable or the economy is not able to absorb them into the labor force. So there's clearly something very wrong in what we're teaching young people. You know, Kucera, I'm glad that you're actually part of that because that's essentially I feel the way the world should be going. You know, when you're young, you're told you have to train as a lawyer, as a doctor, as a teacher. And nobody tells you about getting a nano degree. Think I only heard about getting nano degrees last year that I can actually go online and educate myself with whatever subject matter I feel I'm lacking in or I'm passionate in. So it's a function of how do we revisit the education system that we have because from a young age of zero to six, you're just absorbing. And then once you now go into primary school, high school, it's a function of now you're being forced to learn things that you might not necessarily want to learn or you have a natural ability to learn. So I really, really think that education has to be revisited and it's an integral part of teaching young people skills of the future. Coding is very, very important. I'm part of what we call Code Tribe in South Africa. Young people from disadvantaged communities, they don't necessarily have the opportunity to be educated because it is a small minority of us that can go to high institutions of high learning. So it's a function of how do you then give young people skills that they don't necessarily have to learn at university because that is still a privilege in this day and age. So nano degrees, quesera, that's the future. We need to start now integrating that into the mainstream systems of education. Really, I'm gonna start our final remarks and I'll start with you. So let's make it really concrete and say the one thing, the one actual thing you'll do when you step off this stage to fulfill your 21st century dream and help others fulfill theirs. So the one thing you'll be doing to fulfill your 21st century dream. Okay, I really believe that entrepreneurship is a future in a sense of helping other people in my country and in the region, in the world and connecting as well our region with the rest of the world. We've just come from 10 years in Argentina from a very closed economy and now with our new president, Magdi, things are looking much better. So in that sort, personally, I'm trying to help connect civil society more into the region as well as in Argentina, but particularly on the side of entrepreneurship with different organizations. Well, the fourth industrial revolution is still a dream, but we have to talk about, we are here now. Going forward, we don't know what to expect. Going forward, we don't know, we will learn as we go along, but I think in the world of robotics, we have to be human about it. As we rise, we have to pick everybody else and young people have the responsibility of being revolutionaries in this revolution. So one thing you'll be doing, one practical thing you'll be doing. While pushing entrepreneurship and continue being an activist on the continent and giving young Africans a dream and saying, you can do it, you have, there's nothing different to you than anybody in San Francisco. And for us and for myself, is how do I give them those skills and those tools and enable them? Thank you so much. And all I would do is just make sure that we can compress time to get to our goals of these five million women empowered and then also try to play an important role in providing connectivity through these interesting disruptive investments. Just push the agenda faster and better on those and make sure that those satellites get up and make sure that they provide what they're promised to provide. Nathan DeChasi. I'll continue to share my own story but also identify those in our community that are becoming micro entrepreneurs and using that as a step change in their lives and making sure those stories are heard in the community. And Will, do you get the last word? Taking what I started in my ghetto, it's a success. It works. There's a person in the audience that I know is gonna help me in Africa. To take what I'm doing, where I'm from. And I believe there's a calling. I woke up today like, why and how am I here? Because where I come from, I should either be in prison, shot, on drugs or selling drugs because everybody in my neighborhood, those are the results. But my mom, she guided me to apply myself and to help. And I'm gonna take what I'm already doing and take it to Africa and she's gonna help me do that. So, yes, a warm round of applause for our distinguished panel. William Adams, Nathan DeChasi, Mutur Kent, Matzim Modise and Rodrigo Tejado. Thank you so much for being here. We appreciate it.