As Nigerians joined the rest of the world to OSHA in the New Year, Christian fatefuls have expressed hope of better livelihood in 2023. This was part of their expectation during the crossover service which was held at Dominion City Church in the Khajar area of Lagos. Emmanuel Olu Babokun has monitored the event and tells more. It was the time of worship as Nigerians come down to the end of 2022, OSHA in the New Year 2023. The atmosphere was filled with hope as it is a new dawn for residents and the country alike. Here at the Dominion City Church in Khajar, it was no exception. Looking back through the rough part experienced in 2022, worshipers still took their turn in appreciating the goodness of God in their lives through testimonies. I want to thank God because He saved her.  I've been here with just geeks and not having an actual job to do but I'm in here with a good job, a dream job and something I've always loved to do and I just want to return off, thanks to God. In his own way, the resident pastor of Monish Nigerians to be of Khajar are the year 2023. We bring about greatness however to achieve these stressed out things to be done. We believe that the time has come for God to begin to fulfill everything he has said concerning Nigeria. A lot of prayers have gone ahead over Nigeria. A lot of people have gone through a lot of hardship and God has had the cries of the people and we believe that 2023 is going to be the beginning of a good time and a good season for Nigeria. Even though we pray as a nation, God will not come to change Nigeria for us. It is us that has to change. God is limited to the level that man is willing to cooperate with him. So if we don't come out to vote, we won't blame anybody. So let's come out to vote and vote the person you believe that has the interest of this nation at heart. As Nigeria finally entered 2023, wasp is expressed hope and joy to see the new year. Very grateful to God for preserving all our lives and making it possible for us to be here. So I'm excited. My first time here and I'm excited. I believe that God has started a new thing in our lives as individuals and in Nigeria. I feel excited, I feel hopeful, expectant, happy, motivated to be a better version of myself in this year. It's awesome as in I'm so elated, I'm so happy to be alive and to be counted as part of the living in this new year. With 2022 going on and 2023 year with lots of activities, including the general elections, our journey to looking with bated breath and fingers crossed that it would be a year to remember. Emmanuel Olobubukum, P.S. TV News. And don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


The main reason we started with this project was because the students were tired of doing their examinations on pen and paper. Most secondary schools in Norway today, students do their examinations electronically. They say that they can think better with using a computer on the examinations day and also produce better examinations. When they come to university and college, they have to go back to pen and paper. We have several goals in the project. We want the students to be able to hand in their ongoing assessment electronically. We also want them to be able to go to the examinations day and take their supervised formal examinations electronically. We want the academics to be able to hand in their examination questions electronically and the internal and external examiners to be able to access papers electronically. We also have a goal to streamline the whole examinations process from A to Z, to digitalise it and to automate as many stages as possible so that we can reduce the human error factor and produce a better quality service to both the students and to the staff. Scalability has been a number one focus from day one for us. We've chosen a software-to-service application, which means that students and staff can access the e-examins platform from a web browser. Students can also bring their own machines on the examinations day. And we're working with a secure browser so students cannot access the internet or other material from the hard drive that they shouldn't have access to on the examinations day. Papers can be checked automatically for plagiarism when submitted. The examiners can have access to the papers the day after the examination.  The examiners will be given new tools for giving instant feedback to the students and multiple choice tests, for example, can be corrected automatically. And with new technology, the teachers will also be able to evaluate their students in new ways in the future and give different types of examinations. All universities and colleges are in the same boat and we have the same ambitions. So a national group of experts have been put together, a group that I'm leading. So we can work together instead of competing in this field. We can coordinate the activities and the initiatives. So we can offer digital assessment to more students, more institutions and we can achieve our goals faster. We're basically reinventing the way the administration work and the academics with regards to preparing and correcting their examinations.


Hello and a warm welcome to our little talk about chat control or chat monitoring. This talk came into existence relatively spontaneously because it's a topic that we will have to live with in the following months a lot. So we have Konstantin Kalisi and me, Tom from the Digital Society. And we want to say thank you very much to the studio Suthaus in Berlin who spontaneously built the studio for us. And thank you very much for the content team who just fit us in on short order. And it costs a lot of nerves, I'm sure. So thank you very, very much. So very spontaneously we created this because I think it's a topic some of you might have heard about, but it is very high up on the political agenda or it should be for people who care about our rights as citizens. And we will get into detail a little later what exactly it means. But it's about pretty heavy surveillance measures that should be or will be introduced and that will also affect end-to-end encryption. So we think that this topic and there are concrete plans already on the EU level that we have to mention this and to face this. And we'll get back to the action that we are planning in the end and how you can participate. And right after the talk there is a workshop planned, what we can do, how we can do that in the following month. Because we think that right now we have a chance to chance those really dystopian plans and maybe stop them before they come into action. So chat control or chat monitoring, some of you or most of you probably heard about this before. It was a topic in the last years, but I want to explain quickly what exactly it is because there is some confusion. So, especially last year, it was used to or understood as an exemption from e-privacy. And e-privacy is something most of you will know about. It's about the e-privacy rule that still happens. So we are talking about data protection when communicating digitally. And the main problem with this ruling, this rule, that surveillance is not allowed. So it's guaranteed or it's supposed to be guaranteed that you have trustworthy communication, that not state agencies or companies can have surveillance on our communication and control it. So what has happened so far with chat control or chat monitoring, we have this. So I'm not sure if it is readable on this slide. So the e-privacy guideline, it instructs national states to take care that surveillance and interception of messages is made impossible or being banished. So now lawyers say, well, you have to be certain that this doesn't happen. We all know there are exceptions. But basically it should be made certain that whenever we communicate via phone or wherever. So this is not only about chats, but let's not get into detail. So our communication is not supposed to be monitored at all times by companies, by state agents, whoever. Concrete. So to be a bit more in detail, this guideline is in effect since 2018, but it uses a definition or used an older definition. And that has been replaced in 2018. So suddenly there were new definitions. What is electronic communication? What are the electronic communication services? And it defined that this is also not only number dependent services, but also those independent of numbers, phone numbers are affected by this. Before there was arguing. And then suddenly some companies noticed and also the commission that Microsoft Google and others, even before that, they were scanning communication, mails, chats, and so on.  There were different methods for this. And so they noticed that the scanning already happened, apparently only then. And then they got hectic. And in 2020, in September, there was a new proposal. And they said, well, we need an exception from the ePrivacy guideline. And it happened as a decree. So it came into effect immediately. And they said that scanning for these things and also mentioning it or calling the police basically was still allowed. And only in July 2021, already in July 2021, this came into effect. Some people worked against it, but all in all, it went through pretty unchanged. So we will call this chat control 1.0. That's the scanning that was voluntary. Yeah. Back then, also back in April 2021, the commission announced that, yeah, it's important we have to introduce those exceptions. But they already said in a few weeks, we'll also have a draft that not only allows voluntary scanning, but that also makes it mandatory. And especially, and that was quite obvious back then, that it should also include end-to-end encrypted communication. A few weeks turned into a full year by now. And we don't really know what's planned there. But then Johansson is very fixed on this, that it should be mandatory for service providers to scan for such material. And this is all public knowledge. What the plans are in detail, we don't know. But we have to see that we are handling a commission that is now headed by Ursula von der Leyen, a German politician who has a bad history of surveillance. And that's the commission that plans a few things. We don't know any details yet. There was a leak recently. So there was an account or report about possible plans. And apparently, these guidelines will be quite far-reaching. So grooming should be punishable as well and be scanned for. And the issue is how to scan for new material that would only be possible through AI or something. That's something we will not talk about that much. So it's a bit dystopian, what we have to expect. And in particular regarding the very clear commitment that the commission seems to have. And at the same time, another parallel development is that encryption. Of course, this is not something that's been in the focus for the last year or so. European governments, world-wide governments have this. In 2020, the Council of Ministers under the German presidency at the time. The German ministry headed the respective committee. There was a paper from which I want to quote a few things. So back then in 2020, the idea was that in a dialogue with the IT industry, they wanted to come up with new technologies to circumvent encryption in communication. And they cited terrorism, organized crime, sexual abuse, but another large number of cyber crimes and crimes enabled in the cyberspace. So you have to keep this in mind when you say, when we talk about the concrete plans that we're talking about right now. So when they are talking about sexual abuse of children, this is what they have in mind as well as applications of the new technology. Now back then, the whole thing was mostly talked about as end-to-end encryption, which should be banned or circumvented. And in the last few years, the whole debate turned to client-side scanning, which you may have heard about. There are plans from Apple that they would not refer to communication through a messenger, to matching hash values coming from a database, which I will be talking about. So matching these hash values with files on the devices of the user. In 2021, these plans were put forward by Apple and there was quite an outcry from civil society organizations, politics and scientists, who all said scientists in particular that this was a bad idea and within one month Apple backpedaled and said, we are going to postpone these plans. So that's the history before this. And I have already alluded to the meaning of chat control, and I will now ask Konstantin to talk about chat control. Thank you, Tom. Yes, I'm going to sketch out what we actually talk about when we say chat control and there will also be a more technical view on this later on, but I'm trying to break it down to make you see why in my view this is a form of surveillance infrastructure that we haven't seen yet. So it will make sense to first delineate this from traditional or classical surveillance. These plans that Apple put forward are helpful to understand what is envisaged and what we are talking about. So normally when you use a messenger to communicate, the way it works is that from your smartphone, be it via a server or directly, you send a message to another smartphone and traditional surveillance would start by eavesdropping on the communication and intercepting the communication and decrypting it. And what has been started through signal and other messages is that end-to-end encryption has become such a standard that about every messenger does or should offer this feature now if they should be regarded as respectable messengers and this is regarded as a problem by those supporting chat control. So business protection of our private communications of course protects everyone including criminals who would like to transmit depictions of child sexual abuse through this channel and the solution therefore is supposed to be that the confidentiality of all communications is attacked. There are three escalation scenarios in this potential escalation scenarios which I'll talk about and these are all undermining end-to-end encryption in smartphones to find out which messages are sent and whether child sexual abuse images are included in those messages. The first escalation stage is to look for known depictions of sexual abuse so you will have known images and hash values for those which you would match with the messages that are sent so the messages would be compared to the values in databases. Then there is the search for hitherto unknown images so you would need some kind of artificial intelligence for that which tries to recognize what is the age of the people in the image what is happening are these cases of child sexual abuse and the third and most grave escalation stage is to try to detect grooming attempts from adults towards children and that would require a content analysis of communications and probably a linking from this to other data that is available about the person and we do know from the leaks and Ilya Johans Adren says that this scenario is actively in debate and they are trying to establish this. So what have we done about this so far? From the time that the apocalypse were known at latest we know that we have that we are dealing with attempts to establish a large surveillance infrastructure and that we have as a civil society have to stand against that so we try to build an alliance which has stable foundations we have entry European digital rights which published a paper of principles stating certain red lines that any draft regulation would have to keep to because of course we do support the attempts to protect children but you cannot do this by bringing forward a regulation that is in violation of human basic rights and that will be nullified by the courts and which at the same time restricts the fundamental rights of everyone so this paper makes clear that there cannot be a blanket surveillance without cause it has to be targeted it has to be controlled it needs judicial permission and independent institutions have to control this client side scanning is an unpermissible technology which would affect the communications of everyone and control and surveil everyone we also say that it's not a solution to use solely technological measures to solve a social problem social work prevention child protection which really tackles the problem at its roots that has to be put forward and that has to be rather than trying to tackle it at the end now with these principles that we agreed we have applied pressure to decision makers we wrote a letter to the European Commission we had conversations with various actors in civil society to bring forward this position we made input to the German coalition negotiations with the new government formed in last autumn and you may have noticed that the coalition treaty says that automated scanning is rejected by the German government coalition the Social Democrats, the Greens and the Liberals and we will make sure that they are keeping to their promises we tried to raise awareness we were able to make a few journalists aware and of course we do advocacy work as well by contacting people from the European Parliament for example so what is going to happen now presumably at the moment the draft is still being agreed on within the commission it had been postponed so it is being postponed which might be due to the fact that even within the commission there may be doubts about the legality of this draft and surely it is also due to the massive resistance that has come from civil society so we have had an effect already we and all the others have been raising their voices and it is necessary to keep being loud the invigid state of publication is the 11th of May with a question mark because this has been postponed and we feel, we notice that Commissioner Johansen is having a hard time finding support for these plans where are we now? we are actually before the proposal of a regulation which is depicted in this graph in this photo so it is a good thing that we started building an alliance early and that we are not surprised and are articulating our concerns even now and that we built a foundation to maybe hopefully before it is being published to resist this draft regulation so this is where I am going to hand over to Kallisi who is going to talk about the technical side of things thank you so how does it look from a technical standpoint? it already sounds bad and I think once we look at the technology it gets worse so as Konstantin mentioned we want to see how does it usually work when you communicate using a messenger usually it looks like this the green line, that is end to end encryption that is the end to end encryption of our communication so Assad and Bettina they communicate and the whole communication is end to end encrypted so that means no one can read it not even the server that facilitates the communication so now we enter the question can we still scan this? right now as Tom mentioned the big tech companies are allowed to scan so unencrypted communication for example uploading something to the Google Cloud pictures or something it can be scanned and the idea to also include this or do this for end to end encrypted communication works similarly the first escalation step is looking for already known material for example Microsoft they have a big database of known pictures of abuse and these images are turned into hash values so what are hashes or hash values? they are like a fingerprint of an image so a so called hashing algorithm is used on the image and that is supposed to be unique so that this fingerprint only matches this image and then there is two scenarios one or the first one is that you scan on the device so there where the magnifying glass is that's where the search would happen so that would mean that whenever you are sending an image and hash is created and then your phone contacts or uses a hash database and compares this image to all the known images that's part of the sexual abuse material and then this image would then be sent to the service provider and this might for some of you sound not that bad but you should know that it's attackable so there is additional software on your phone and if someone can compromise your phone or maybe you root your phone then you can either trick the software or you can just change it so you might include hashes or might change the hash database so pictures of maybe protests are added and then you get flagged there are other open questions but we'll come to that later the second scenario or the second version of this is to have everything on the server so we all know that even if our phones are basically computers were 10 years ago we still have limited space so of course we can't download all the hashes or that would make our phones slower at least and that's unwanted of course so the second option is to compare the hashes on the server so your message is still enter and encrypted but the image is turned into a hash that hash is sent to the server and the server then compares the hashes so that's the second version so it always goes over the server and then if it was flagged of course it has to be checked by a human and we should remember that the second scenario that Konstantin already proposed was scanning for previously unknown material so until now we were looking for material we already know exists but now we want to look for new material that is previously unknown how can we do that? well, AI fans will shout now yeah, use AI image recognition and what they basically do or can do is just guess is there a person on the image how old is the person how much skin is there on this image and just how does it make humans react basically and that's what could be used but of course the problem is if we have young people who just text and maybe send each other nudes then this classifier could already flag it or maybe you are on holiday with your kid and maybe there is an image from the beach and maybe the kid is naked and because the kid is very young and a lot of skin shown it flags your picture so again there are two ways to do this first on the phone so we already have we need to have already trained classifiers and this classifier is used to sort images in two categories so it could say, yeah, this is a young kid and likely abuse so what do we have to do? we have to train classifiers and to do that we need data and we need people who say yes, this is correct and this is not correct just classification and all this is then put on our phone and the classifier already runs it always runs over all the images before we send them and should the classifier flag something then the material is sent to the provider then controlled or checked again and should it really be prohibited material then of course there will be an according reaction the other option of course is to have this classifier run on the server we already talked about this the phones are powerful already but still limited so it would be better to outsource this so we have it run on the server so now we have to check all the pictures on a server so all the images are now taken out of end-to-end encryption and of course this is a problem because if I can enter or break into the server I have access to everything now the question is how long is it kept on the server of course and the classifier can be manipulated if you have access to the server but the same of course is valid for the phone I can always attack the system and I don't know about you but I think I don't like the idea of uploading the images of my small needs to some server that's why I use end-to-end encryption because I don't want that and now there is scenario 3 which is the most likely scenario so far or seems like it so not only scanning pictures but also scanning text so now we need text recognition software and this software needs tries to detect grooming it tries to detect age which is difficult of course in the grooming context so if you know that a person an older person who attempts grooming they change their language so how do we differentiate between sexting of teenagers and grooming or attempted grooming so it's difficult and it would imply that this end-to-end encryption has to be broken because if we do it on the device then we have to classify a problem the classifier is trained but AI can be wrong and it's very difficult to put it into context and if we have it on a server then we all know if we scan the text on the server there is no end-to-end encryption anymore so we have a whole band with a whole array of problems that we cannot easily solve so much for the technology behind it but of course there is not only technology some people might think yeah we can develop something for that but of course there is more so what's the basic problem with this control and scanning I mentioned it before of course with technology we already always have the problem of missing context so if I send some image of my kid to my partner or if it's abuse it's very difficult to differentiate and we all would be put under surveillance and especially with teenagers when they do sexting it would always mean that this material is taken out of context and is reviewed by strangers and that's a problem then we have the image review done by providers because usually it's not directly sent to policing agencies because they have a lot on the plate already so there is review done by the platforms and we already always know that it usually is done by service providers by third parties who are badly paid and it's a very in-principerant action and we don't really know the criteria so the next is the legal aspect so looking back to the title of this talk the secrecy of letters is in the title and there is the secrecy of communications which is fundamental right in the German constitution for example so this is the effected law and there is an opinion by a former judge from the ECJ who said that the ECJ simply would not accept this proposal but of course it has been our experience with data retention that as soon as the device is there it takes a long time to get it removed again legally the next issue is mass surveillance without cause now psychologically the fact is that we would not be able to trust our devices anymore but our mobile device is the most personal thing that we possess for most people it is a kind of diary I think there are several people who simply put all their notices whatever they think their images whatever into their mobile phone so the feeling that you lose control over your device because there might be a software on it that controls it is grave I remember this wonderful slogan by the reclaim your face campaign there is this so called treating effect if I as a person feel under surveillance I regulate myself basically so this is not just a threat to the personal space and the feeling that someone constantly is intruding there but it is an issue for activism for people that get engaged politically and want to take part in activism now economically we know this debate we have known it from other areas of course the Microsoft Google giants have their software in place they have an application for this and smaller platforms will have a problem there are ideas to have an open source solution available okay there is an open source solution but then again you have to look how much would I trust this software really I may not have a black box anymore but I still there still might be changes this is not this is not something I want and people with less technological knowledge will simply not be able to understand what's going on and the political level we have said that the council of ministers back in 2020 already said that these innovative surveillance technologies are something they want to use and in concrete this means the probability that they are going to use it is quite high and use it for other purposes too in a time when climate activism is criminalized when Victor Orban is censoring a lot of things in society you really have to ask do you want to give this tool to anyone and I think the answer has to be no because it's always going to be exploited and abused as once it's there and if we in Europe do it it will be out in the world and once it's out there others will want to use it and that means that very quickly images of political calls might be affected now pragmatically, practically we did already talk about the fact that implementing this without breaking encryption is not possible and it has to be made clear too that what a chat actually is there is a big question how about the centralized services how about pinboards where you put up notices to exchange messages it's not really defined how about end-to-end encrypted emails so this might be a difficult issue and very fundamentally the security authorities are on a lot of strain already the Swiss Federal Police said already that a large amount of these things are simply too much for them to look at there are too many false positives so the whole tool wasn't of much use and to just react to events again gives you too much data and more data isn't necessarily better and the other question is these databases that contain these hash values which are used to compare content to where would they be stored we have seen the current Europol debate that they have a large amount of data but cannot really say what's actually in there and the question therefore is how well is this suited to be used in this context so fundamentally is this a good idea clearly no it's not and one other thing you have to keep in mind is that as soon as something like this is used the perpetrators will be driven underground and that doesn't mean that it will be any easier to find them now what we call for as Konstantin already said we do not want end-to-end encryption to be undermined we don't want any obligation for scanning in messenger apps we want investment into victim protection programs and good police work rather than a blanket surveillance and we want a good legal basis for deleting this data because it has been in the press that the German Federal Criminal Police Office does find data but has no legal basis to delete those data so that no data gets deleted and we do we've seen that we're at the very start of the debate in contrast to other issues where we only got involved as the debate was actually in the middle of its process so we have a chance to really raise an alarm right now for one thing we can apply pressure to the German Interior Minister Nancy Fieser who is of course in the Council of the Interior Ministers reminded her of her coalition treaty and you could always call your MPs your members of parliament and talk to them about it and make them understand what is at stake you'll find us on twitter and mastodon under chat chatgeheimis that's German for chat secret the hashtag is chatcontroller German for chat control we're happy for any donations for our campaign materials and the twitter and mastodon accounts will give you the links to donate what you also can do is use there was someone who asked people who got up and watched a platform to ask German members of parliament for their positions and we've had some clear answers for example the green politician politician so these platforms are a cool way of contacting members of the German parliament at least and ask them to take a position to make their position known and to remind them of the coalition treaty and make them aware of what makes sense in that regard now how would it continue after our Q&A we will have a workshop as well to show you how you can take joint action maybe in a different kind of context discuss how we can do what we can do to make the breadth of civil society aware of things and I think the motto of bridging bubbles is very well suited for that because who if with us is placed to bring this message forward and tell people that there is a real problem coming and we have to do something because our communication is under threat and we need encryption as a fundamental right and as a foundation for our democracy I think it's a very important issue and for several people it will be perhaps kind of hard to grasp but I think there are good ways to make people aware of the issue and I think that's what we need to do and that I think leads me to the questions that you may have right now any questions or comments or requests none? oh that's a pity do you have any questions there's nothing in the pad apparently this interpreter hasn't opened the pad yet in that case I will close the session here please follow us on twitter or mastodon and if there are questions you can reach out to us Konstantin and myself through our personal accounts you can reach as well and Tom can be reached via the digital society I very much recommend following European Digital Rights to be updated on the at the European level and I look forward to seeing you in the workshop the big blue button room is linked to on the page of the organized sessions page I haven't got the link in my head at the moment but I think the Divock website will lead you there and that will hopefully make you find us a self-organized session as I said and I hope to see you in the workshop and I look


The challenge of the Yukon It's Yukon King swiftest the strongest leap dog of the Northwest Placing the trail for Sergeant Preston of the Northwest modern police in his relentless pursuit of lawbreakers Gold gold discovered in the Yukon a stampede to the Klondike in the wild race for riches Back to the days of the gold rush with sergeant Preston and his wonder dog Yukon King as they meet the challenge of the Yukon The weather out of Oregon had been rough and it wasn't until the steamship Portland Approach the dock at Skagway that the passengers could come on deck a young man whose clean-cut features were a light with eagerness Strip beside an older man whose clerical color marked him as a minister Side-by-side at their feet were two pieces of luggage of very similar design The boy grinned as he looked at the bags then turned to the man next to him That's right, sir Peterson's my name minds Bob Kelly, but I'm glad to know you noticed you as we came aboard ship I noticed you too Reverend Fact is the steward almost gave you my bag instead of your own We must have bought our luggage in the same shop. Well, did you get yours in Seattle? Yes, did you yes? My old was about to fall apart and I needed a bag with a sturdy lock on it for this trip I've got most of my money in mind. We do have a lot in common Are you going to Alaska or the Yukon? I'm heading for Dawson Hey docky, yes, but it'll be a few minutes before we're able to go ashore. So this is Skagway You know anything about Dawson Reverend Peterson. Well, I know the town very well. I lived there for years Now I'm going back to build a church But what about you Bob? Are you intending to look for gold? No, I'm going to try to prove something to my dad My father is a Horace Kelly the newspaper publisher. You've heard of him. He's very well-known He's too well-known. I figure I'm old enough to be on my own But dad wants me to go to college and study journals. How old are you Bob? 18? I'm an artist Dad admits I'm pretty good and he's offered to get me a job But I want to make my own reputation without trading on his. How do you plan to do it in the Yukon? It's a colorful blaze isn't it Reverend Peterson? I Guess you couldn't call it that Jack London and Bob's service are there getting material for books I ought to be able to get material for my work Maybe I can get a job in a newspaper cartoony or something. Well, I wish you luck Bob If you need help look me up. I know quite a few people in time. That's kind of you I want to make my own Dad said as soon as I spent my money, I'd cable it. I want to accomplish as much as I can without help keep in touch with me Anyway, I may need the services of a good artist who sketch plans for the church Well Bob, you better pick up your bag. There are no porters in Skagway to carry it for you You'll find it different from Seattle Passengers on the steamship Portland swept past Bob on the deck as they surged on the gangplank from the boat to the dock In the excitement Reverend Peterson picked up Bob's bag instead of his own and with the confusion Bob didn't even notice it You'd better hustle and get on the ride Bob gripped the bag Reverend Peterson left this item and then he was caught in the mall He looked for a strength of minister and saw him hurrying down the gangplank Unknown to Reverend Peterson two men waited on the dock for him two passengers from the steamship Portland Who had murder in their hearts? It was several weeks later when Sergeant Preston reported to Inspector Maynard at Mounted Police headquarters in Dawson Like a sir, where's King outside waiting for me, sir Did you learn anything important about Peterson's murder while you and Skagway Sergeant? I didn't learn much inspector came in on the steamship Portland. They must have been killed soon after landing Curious coincidence. How's that sir son of a friend of mine came to Skagway on the same boat Two confidence men were passengers on the Portland to sir Apparently they caused quite a bit of trouble during the trip. What kind of trouble usual kind crooked card games Who are they sergeant on the passenger list? They were listed as Jim Loomis and Sam Norton I haven't heard of them before they're not wanted for anything sir. I understand they were heading for Dawson Do you think that they're connected with Peterson's death? I've been thinking along that line, but I can't report anything definite You have no clues then sergeant. No, sir I know Peterson was carrying a large sum of money to finance a church here in town But neither the money nor his luggage can be found have you released the news of the murder to the public not yet Of course people are coming to Dawson's from Skagway every day Someone will probably bring word of it with them. I wish we could keep the story quiet for a while Yes to make it easier for me to continue my investigation. I don't want Loomis and Norton to know I'm looking for them They assume other names you'll have trouble finding them in Dawson. Yes, sir. I know I'm watching for big spenders. They must have Peterson's money Keep working on the case sergeant and by the way if you do see the boy I spoke of a few minutes ago keep an eye out for him. Will you of course, sir? What's his name Bob Kelly? His father's Horace Kelly an old friend of mine newspaper publisher in the States isn't he? Yes, I have a cable from him here He wants us to see the Bob stays out of trouble and if necessary lend the boy money to come home He says I'll reimburse you and so on and so he must be quite worried about his son boy It sounds like he's a chip off the old block Sergeant did I ever tell you about the time Horace and I were on cemetery Ridge at Gettysburg? No, sir. It's quite a story sergeant young Bob has a fraction of his father's courage. He'll be all right. Oh, that's fine Good be willing to bet my commission that he wouldn't ask for help no matter how much he needed it And if Horace mentioned my name to him Probably do his best to keep me from learning about his circumstances. The boy needs money, sir He could cable his father. I think he'd starve first from this cable I get the impression that Bob's out to prove himself to his dad. I hope he can do it Well, that's all sergeant. If you learn anything about the Peterson murder, let me know immediately very well, sir Bob Kelly didn't know that the Mounties were aware of his presence in the Yukon Shortly after leaving Skagway, he had nearly exhausted the small amount of money in his wallet Knowing he had more in his suitcase He wasn't worried until he tried to open the bag he had carried from the boat When the key wouldn't spring the lock he realized that Reverend Peterson had picked up his bag And that the one he had carried belonged to the minister Bob had had just a few dollars in silver when he reached Mrs. King's boarding house in Dawson He inquired in several places about his friend Reverend Peterson, but had learned nothing He went to the local newspaper office looking for a job Oh, I'm sorry son, but I can't afford to hire help now Work for almost nothing Mr. Matthews if you give me a chance. Oh, I can't do it I don't have the facilities now for printing pictures anyway Maybe in a couple of months things will be better come back. All right, Mr. Matthews. I'll do that Bob's need for cash was immediate. He was hungry and he had room rent to pay He began making the rounds of every store in Dawson. Sorry Kelly. I can't use anyone without experience I got all the swampers in need. We're not hiring anyone. No, we don't need anyone. Can't use you Kelly Come back next week this heartened and discouraged Bob turned toward Mrs. Kane's boarding house He was desperately hungry as he opened the door and went inside He thought longingly of his mother's cooking Yes, Mrs. Kane Hope you've got the mud and snow off your feet before you came in young man. Oh, yes, Mrs. Kane. I I did My station sure look gaunted you're not eating right I guess maybe I'm not well sit down. Thanks, ma'am.  You know it. I hadn't noticed it You're putting me out. Can you pay the rent you owe me? I can't pay you now Mrs. Kane. I don't have the money That's what I thought I'll take my bag and leave. I'm sorry. I promise it as soon as I get some cash I'll hold on young fella. Not so fast. You're not taking that bag anywhere Uh-huh. I won't put you out. I'll let you stay another week But I am holding the bag for security And I took it from your room this morning. I noticed it was still locked. Yes, it's locked didn't even unpack it Did you know I didn't it was mighty heavy Well, I'll keep it and when you pay me what you owe you get it back fair enough That's fair enough. Mrs. Kane. Hope you can get a job real soon. Do you know Reverend Peterson here in town? I should say I didn't know him two hundred dollars of my cash is in the reward fund that's offered for his killer Did you say his killer? That's what I said Some cold-blooded heartless highwayman killed the Reverend made off with his baggage And whoever did it knew about the money the Reverend was carrying to build the church here Why the whole town's been buzzing with the story ever since the Mounties released the news yesterday I'm surprised you didn't hear about it. I guess I've been so busy looking for a job I didn't pay much attention to anything else. The police are looking for the Reverend's baggage right now They figure if they can find that they'll have a lead on the killer Hey, what's wrong here? My goodness boy.  No, that settles it You come right into my kitchen. I'll see did you get a square meal? Figured by the looks of you. You were mighty hungry, but I sure didn't think you were weak with starvation Come on now, this is Cane it's well of you and I I appreciate it, but Could I have that that suitcase you're holding? I'm sorry Bob, but I made it a policy all my life not to extend credit without some Sort of security Now if there's anything you've got to have I'll let you get it But I have to hold most of your stuff till you pay your end now. Come on into the kitchen Bob Kelly had been stunned by the realization that the suitcase in Mrs. Cane's parlor was the one the Mountie sought He appreciated his landlady's kindness and did justice to the hearty meals he placed in front of him But Bob's mind was a turmoil of fear and uncertainty He was scared he wanted to free his mind of the knowledge that made him feel so guilty But he felt that Mrs. Cane might suspect him if he told of the truth In fact, he was afraid to tell anyone he had the missing suitcase Until he had a chance to go to the law with it, but he couldn't take it to the Mounties until his rent was paid As he pushed his chair back from the table Bob didn't know what to do Thanks very much for the meal Mrs. Cane. Oh, that's all right. Hope you feel better now. I feel much better Hey, where are you going? I just got an idea Maybe I can make some money by drawing pictures of people in the cafe. Oh, I think you could What's a try anyway? Bob got some paper and a pencil and thus equipped he visited the nearest cafe He saw two grizzled old prospectors seated at a table Now listen Pete your penny anti-stake couldn't hold a candle to mine Hey dirt I struck last week was it? What do you want kid? I thought you gentlemen might be interested in having your pictures drawn picture Look here kid if you're being funny hold on Kid could you draw limbs picture? Yes, I could if you can draw that grizzled old buzzard there I'll buy the picture Pete.  But now them you know, I'm a long-sighted better looking than you are.  He is and I'll pay you for it You'll just sit still for a little while. I'll make sketches of both it now. You'll see Under Bob's pencil Pete's homely but good-natured face began to take shape on paper The rest of the cafe's patrons gathered around to watch him work and from time to time made comments The solid or named lamb was highly amused. Well, you see this Pete. It's a perfect image How much longer do I have to sit still? I'm finished now. Well, let me see my pictures.  They don't Pete you've been squinting away snow blindness for the last 15 years So you think it's funny, huh? Well, now we'll just see what he does with your picture Sure sure go ahead youngster. Don't pay any attention to Pete He's just burned up because all his time he's been fancying himself a real good-looking cuz in the truth Oh As Bob sketched limb the prospector named Pete set glowering as he watched the boy swift sure pencil strokes His frown gave way to a grin When Bob finished the sketch Pete was laughing hardly but lambs bellow of rage silenced his friend Coming here and try to pass off and not be looking pretty like that as a picture me You get out kid go on get out Money and I'll get out willingly you're going out anyway. Oh, no, you don't So you just want to get rough, huh?    Let you go. You give me my money.  Yes, Preston's my name those those are sergeants right right this is King I'm Bob Kelly Kelly. Did you start this fight? With everyone talking at once sergeant Preston had difficulty getting the facts behind the fight But when Pete and Lem showed the sketches Bob had drawn the Mountie looked sternly at the two prospectors I understand it you both told the boy to draw each other's pictures. That's right sergeant But just take a look at this wouldn't you be insulted if somebody tried to tell you you look like that, please You think this is a good likeness of them? Oh sure tears sergeant Preston Only ought to see what the kid drew of me Oh, of course, I wouldn't have hit the kid for it, but I sure don't feel complimented. He ain't no artist Lem does this look like Pete Commissioned this boy to sketch your pictures he kept his part of the bargain now you keep yours all right I'll pay for Pete's but not mine. I'll pay for you By during I'd like to have it just to scare the daylights out of some pesky grizzly bears have been getting into my ratio Pay up both of you Kid I guess I owe you something a little extra Sergeant says it was wrong Sorry, I hit you. That's all right. You don't have no no no. I want to settle up. I guess I was a sore head, but Well, I don't believe I look like that Sergeant Preston with King at his heels Escorted Bob Kelly from a cafe and Bob pocketed the money he had earned sketching His newfound friend the money Didn't tell me knew how much that cash meant the newspaper publisher told me this morning You've been in the scene Bob. I've been to see almost every businessman in town trying to get a job With the money from those two men I can pay my rent now fine Bob I'm paid up. I can get a bag Mrs. Cain's holding for me. Then I want to see you I've got to explain something. Would you like to explain it now? No, I'll do it later. Where are you being at water? I'll be there inside of half an hour thing and I will be looking for you While Bob was engaged in his fight in the cafe a man named Blackie Wilson who had been a passenger on the steamship Portland Heard to a room in the hotel Victoria His partner a tall heavy-set man was eyeing the contents of Bob Kelly's suitcase With a sour expression on his face Did you park on Craig? What for this time? I checking up has got results.  You checked up on Peterson before we killed him. You were the one that was so sure he was carrying a pile of money in his bag When we opened the bag, what do we find a lot of drawn stuff for long into a kid named Bob Kelly? Then you have to follow the kid to Dawson and we're still up and listen. I Found out where Bob Kelly staying so I also found out that the kid came into town with a suitcase Just like like the one we took from Peter's. Yeah So you see I was right the bag the kids got must belong to the sky pilot then Kelly's got the cash Yeah We'll get Kelly and beat the truth out of him if we have to he must have traded bags with the minister and fixed the So is that two of them would meet in town or by this time he knows Peterson's day all the more reason We got a hurry the kid might go to the mountains or do some dumb thing like that a hurry up into that park Yeah, where is Kelly's living in Mrs. King's boarding house at the edge of town If we get the cash, you won't have to come back to this hotel I'm all set like a good for stopping run a sled and dog team in case we have to get away from town fast Then Craig the two of us will be set. Maybe we will and maybe we won't I Still want to be shown that your check and up is right this time. Well, we get the King's boarding house You'll see I'm right now. Come on Blackie Wilson and Thorne Craig hurried to Mrs. King's boarding house the landlady talked to them in the partner and As soon as they saw the suitcase she had been keeping for Bob They broke the lock Ignoring her protests blackie went through the contents of the bag until they found a leather pocket This is it Craig look open it up. Yeah, but hold the gun on the old lady a gun Why you thieves you robbers that bag belongs about like on it does sister Here's some money Craig paper money Dollars a good old American money. He were rich. Didn't I tell you that kid had Peterson's bag? Didn't I tell you that I checked you were right blackie. I take it all back You had this figured out to a tee he doesn't beg then then that money belonged to Reverend Peterson That's the church money. It's our money now lady. Hey blackie. Look, huh? Out the window see that Kelly kids coming here coming on a run to we got the cash There's no need to stay around here.  I've got guns get the law Kids going for health blackie. Let them have it He's falling you got him now. Let's get out of here. We got to go over make sure the kids dead He got a look at us. You got the kid. I saw him fall up. Come on It was some time later when Sergeant Preston and King arrived at Mrs. Cain's boarding house Mrs. Cain told Sergeant Preston how blackie and Craig had come asking for Bob How she had talked to them in the parlor and then how they'd broken into the suitcase taking from it a large sum of money As she finished talking Bob Kelly regained consciousness and he began to talk He told how Reverend Peterson had taken his bag by mistake when the minister left the boat They must have learned where I live and then came to open the bag. No, my key wouldn't spring the lock Sergeant That's how I first knew I had the wrong bag. Those two men knew the money was in it and you describe the men Well, one was tall and heavy and the other. Oh, I was so upset. I guess I can't remember Bob, did you get a look at them? Yes, I saw them. Could you describe them Bob or better yet? Give me a sketch of them. I think so sergeant. I'll get some paper and a pencil as Bob quickly sketched two faces Mrs. Cain stood by nodding your head vigorously That's exactly what they look like sergeant Bob's done a good job This one who was called blackie and the other one was Craig. Good. Let me have those sketches, Bob Sure thing sergeant, but where are you going? King and I are going to try to find these men.  It's fine sergeant. Good. Take it easy for a little while. You'll be all right Bob Helen you suppose you'll find those men. I don't know Where you going? I'm gonna see if sergeant Preston won't let me stay with him till he gets us to but Bob those men are dangerous I'll be back Mrs. Cain Sergeant Preston had gone from one hotel to another and in each one he showed Bob sketches to the room clerks No one recognized the man until he reached the hotel Victoria Sure, sergeant. I know these two they're registered here is blackie Wilson and Craig's on take me to their room In the room blackie and Craig had hurriedly left Sergeant Preston found Bob Kelly suitcase. He also found some clothing one of the men had thrown on a chair Get this set boy. We're looking for this man. That shirt belongs mr. Wilson, but your dog might Want him to do you ready boy The great dog king led sergeant Preston from the hotel to a trace and harness shop two doors away We sergeant. I recognize those two He raised the team and slid from me for 24 hours. How long ago were they here to maybe three hours ago. Thanks one king Sergeant Preston left the shop with King at his heels the money went to police headquarters where he found Bob Kelly waiting for him as Preston harnesses team Bob pleaded with him Please let me go with you Bob. It may be dangerous. I know it these two men may be more than thieves They may have killed Reverend Peterson. I'll stay out of the way. I haven't time to argue with you Hop in my sled. You mean you let me go. Yes As Sergeant Preston's dogs covered the well-traveled trail out of Dawson Neither the mountain or Bob Kelly had any way of knowing that this was the route blackie and Craig had chosen But King running ahead of the team seemed confident, but he was on the right track One hour passed and the great husky never slackened his pace Two hours have gone by when Sergeant Preston noticed a subtle change in King's manner Sergeant, are you sure they took this trial on the way King's acting? I think we're not far behind them Hey, look, there's a sled on the trail ahead. I can just make it out. I see it Bob. King. See boy Why are you turning to the right? This is a shortcut King. What's enough? Sergeant Preston's point dogs turned to the right then the swing dogs followed but the two young intermediate dogs were slow The great dog King left the nukes heels That's it boy. The mountain sled turned from the trail and King went back to his place at the head of the team I Short time later blackie Wilson's rented dog team rounded the turn in the trail Craig Thorne was riding in the sled and it was he who first saw a big husky Leaping down the side of a snow-covered embankment. What the? It was King Blackie that big dog stopping the team. What's your mutt's mush? It won't move.  It looks like Hey, it is a money. We'd better find out how much he knows. I'm keeping my gun handy There's only one reason why he'd be stopping us. Oh blackie Wilson. How come you know who I am?  That's right. What's the idea stopping us going to search you to before you got more? I'm looking for a leather pocket belonging to Reverend Peterson the pocket contained American paper money Oh, you don't think we're steady Craig. I got a gun here Marty This says we're going on about our business owing that gun was a mistake Wilson. Yeah That's what you think Now get back Marty. You're taking orders not giving them Wilson.  Don't raise that gun. You're breaking my arm. Drop it. You win I can't blackie. All right, King quiet boy On guard fellow when I searched these two King's bird fangs were a threat neither of the killers dared to ignore Since they had seen the dog in action they quietly submitted to being searched just as I thought Here's the leather pocket with Tom Peterson's name on it We found that folder and I witness and Dawson a Mrs. Cain will testify that you stole it Furthermore, I found the bag Reverend Peterson carried from the boat in your room at the hotel Victoria Like you dumb mutton head you had this all figured out.  You're both under arrest in the name of the Queen When Bob and Sergeant Preston returned to police headquarters in Dawson Bob's father was with Inspector Maynard the inspector was explaining to the newspaper publisher Horace our man heaven been able to locate either Sergeant Preston or your son. I don't give a hang about Preston What about Bob Preston has nothing to do with him? I assigned Preston the job of looking out for Bob And now you can't find either of them. You're getting old John losing your grip You should have gotten out of uniform at the end of the war instead of going into another outfit You can't control your own men. You can't police the city the size of Preston Bob Where have you been Preston what happened? Bob Kelly and I just brought in the two men who killed Reverend Peterson. Here's a full confession from them We recovered Peterson's church fund and the killers are behind bars awaiting trial. Well, Sergeant Did you say Bob assisted in making the arrest? That's right Well, there's a $2,000 reward offered by the town for the capture of the killers You're entitled to that reward Sergeant Preston you and King I suggest the reward be added to the fund Reverend Peterson raised to build a new church an excellent idea Sergeant Yes, indeed a fine idea. Now. What do you think of your son Horace? I'm mighty proud of him Bob I came to Dawson to see how you were doing. I'm glad you came dad now We can go home together.  Yes, sir. I miss mom's cooking say dad Yes, son when I get home, how about letting me write the story of this crime for the paper? Oh, Sergeant Well Agreed you get a bye-bye Sergeant Preston, I think there's more to this than you've told me Inspector when you read my report, you'll have the whole story including kegs part in it. Oh, that's right, fella Then this case will be closed Now here's Sergeant Preston with a preview of our next adventure the case of the detective who liked excitement Yes, Lieutenant Mike's feral of the San Francisco police liked excitement But I didn't expect to find any in the Yukon. He did though Like in King and I went into a blind canyon after two crooks who were wanted for murder There were hostile Indians at the opening of the canyon the crooks were firing at us from excellent cover And at that moment we were attacked by a pack of starving wolves There was plenty of excitement during the next few minutes even more than Mike would have liked be sure to listen to this exciting adventure Next Wednesday These radio dramas a feature of the challenge of the Yukon Incorporated are created and produced by George W. Trentle Directed by Fred flower day and edited by friend striker the part of Sergeant Preston is played by Paul Sutton They are brought to you every Wednesday until September 12th when we shall resume our regular Monday Wednesday and Friday broadcast This is Hal Neil wishing you goodbye and good luck


Hello everyone. I am Kashmira Nagvekar, senior project technical assistant at IIT Bombay. I'll be presenting on heartbeat monitoring in modal quiz for auto incrementing quiz time limit. Okay. My previous contributions include download SS submissions. It was a feature request, like in modal quiz, there was no way through which we can download all the SA questions submissions. Like the way it is in assignment module wherein we can download all the assignments in one go. Here in quiz module, for every user, we need to go to that particular user, click on review attempt, and then only we are able to view all the SA questions submissions. Attachments provided for that particular SA question. So it was requested as a feature in modal tracker. So we gave it a shot, and now it is available in modal plugins directory. The next is merge PDF files. This is still under review. It is used for merging all the course PDFs. You'll get a single merge document with page numbers stamped on it. So we are currently developing a quiz access rule plugin, heartbeat monitoring for auto incrementing the quiz time limit. So in modal, consider a scenario where a teacher has set up a quiz with a limited time duration. The user logs in and starts the quiz. After some time, suppose he encounters a problem which results in the interruption and disconnection of that particular quiz. Interruption of the quiz. So the user loses a certain amount of time, quiz time, until and unless that particular problem is resolved. So after the user comes live again, the teacher has to create an override. There is a modal feature, user override, through which the teacher can allot some extra time as a compensation for your time lost during that particular quiz attempt. So that particular amount of time is added to that particular user's quiz attempt. Now here the challenge was there is no way to automatically quantify the amount of time lost, actual amount of time lost. And also the compensation for the time lost has to be given manually with the help of user overrides. So we propose a solution wherein the user connections and disconnections will be monitored through hardbeats provided by WebSockets. Connections and disconnections will be recorded. The time lost will be calculated and automatically the user rights will be set up for the users who have lost time. The technologies used are Node.js, Express and Socket.io for hard-bit tracking, and then trigger modal to automatically create the user override. So Node.js is a JavaScript runtime. It is an event-driven, non-blocking I.O. model, which is useful for many concurrent connections. Socket.io, it has two parts. The server side library and client side library. It is a JavaScript library. It is based on WebSocket concept. Then Express is like a minimal flexible Node.js web application framework. Like what is jQuery for JavaScript? Same thing as Express for Node.js. So implementation. What is hard-bit mechanism? It is a kind of a signal sent between machines. It is a periodic signal sent between machines. So send between machines to see if the destination is reachable. It is in the form of ping-pong messages sent at regular intervals. So if the endpoint does not receive the hard-bit for some time, the machine which should have sent the hard-bit is considered to be dead. So integration of this module will be as a quiz access rule. It will go under access rule folder of quiz module. And the workflow will be monitoring the health of the connections using hard-bits provided by WebSockets. Node.js HTTP server is used and socket is used with Express for providing a bidirectional communication channel between a client and a server. Then the connections and disconnections of all the sockets are recorded in a database table. Also the time lost is calculated. Like here the time to consider is when that particular socket went offline. When it came back online and accordingly the lifetime and dead time are calculated and stored in the database table itself. Then the module is triggered to automatically create a user override by the amount of time left. So in future whenever a user loses time due to network failure or any such crisis, there will be no manual intervention. If you need not manually create a user override, it will be taken care of automatically. So I have a small demonstration. First the node server needs to be started. It is listening on a certain port. Then here the administrator locks in. This is the admin interface under access rules, hard-bit monitor quiz access rule. Here it displays a list of users which are currently taking the quiz and their status. Now user takes a quiz. Here this is the admin site. The live user entry is recorded in the table. Again student site. Now the student goes offline. And accordingly the status is updated at the admin site. Now the user comes online again. He continues with the attempt. So sometime he has lost sometime due to disconnection. So when he comes live again, the status update is reflected at the admin site. And the amount of time lost is the dead time. So your override is created when you click on save. So he had lost six minutes which were added to his quiz time. So when the user refreshes his screen or goes to the next question, the time will get added to that. Thank you. Any questions? Sorry? Yes. So every time he can switch off, study the question, google the answer and then come back. Yeah. Hello. Does it again work on the fixed IP concept? No, nothing as such. Sorry, I can't hear. I can't hear. I think this is an excellent thing you are doing. This was very much needed because the developers are here. Please make it a priority to bring it in Moodle core. We desperately need this. This is a recurrent problem all of us face. So wonderful you are doing this. There are a lot of other technical things which we can discuss offline. Thank you.


Maen nhw i'sgwethaf am y syniadau Cymru, ac mae gennym ni'n rown ein nhw, aethau—aib yn i-gwysig. Maen nhw'n grwp 34 â Gwysigol Rhwst, aelwaf i'r cabbwyr Rhwst. Rhwst, cyrraedd o gwyllwn i Gwysigol Rhwst i'r gwysigol Rhwst aelwaf i gwyllwn i gwyllwn i gwyllwn i'r gwyllwn i'r gwyllwn i gwyllwn i'r gwyllwn i'r gwyllwn i gwyllwn i gwyllwn i'r gwyllwn iddyn nhw. I move amendment 34. Those amendments ask for more protection at the start of the process for vulnerable adults and require the register general to have regard the Adults with Incapacity Act, as well as the importance of inclusive communication and promotion of equality and non-discrimination. By ensuring the information and support provided is done in a way that supports capacity and decision making in line with principles of the Adults with Incapacity Act. The amendments would also require information advice and support in relation to understanding the effect and consequences of obtaining a GRC, including for people who may have powers under a welfare power of attorney or guardianship order. The Adults with Incapacity Act is the key legislation that enables other parties to make decisions for people who do not have legal capacity to make the decisions for themselves due to a mental disorder, which may include mental illness, learning disability or personality disorder or cannot communicate because of a physical disability. The person is considered incapable of the cannot act, make a decision, communicate a decision or understand or retain memory of a decision. As an experienced mental health officer told me, it is important that incapacity is not seen as a blanket judgment but rather decision specific. For example, you can have someone who can still manage their money but can't decide on welfare matters. I acknowledge that the bill provides ways for a person with an interest to challenge a GRC, but there is nothing included at the front end of the process. The committee made some general comments about the need for guidance for all applicants, looking mainly at 16 and 17-year-olds, but the situation of vulnerable adults didn't seem to be considered. A general duty in this area would prevent their needs from being overlooked. For those who are covered by formal arrangements, a stronger provision is possible than for those without. The aim of my amendments is to build safeguards at the application stage to reduce the risk of a later successful challenge in the Sheriff's Court on grounds of incapacity to understand. I will. I thank the member for taking my intervention. I agree with Ruth Maguire that it is vital that only adults who are capable of understanding the implications of the decision are able to apply for a GRC. Does she agree with me that this highlights that any application for a gender recognition certificate should only apply to those who are aged 18 or over? I personally agree with that. Early assessment would prevent the person from getting a GRC and others from having to intervene at a later stage. I believe that going through the process of having it challenged at the end would be far more difficult and challenging for the adult concerned. I want to be clear that this is in no way suggesting that everyone with communication difficulties or a learning disability would lack capacity. I repeat that it is important that incapacity is not seen as a blanket judgment but rather decision-specific. I believe that those amendments will benefit applicants who are capable of understanding by reducing the risk that they are put through complex and stressful legal processes that could have been avoided by taking more care earlier to avoid a GRC being issued to anyone who is incapable of understanding its effect. I wish to speak against amendment 34 in the name of Ruth Maguire, but I support amendment 46 on the basis that I think is incredibly important that we take into consideration inclusive communication and support for disabled people. I worry that amendment 34 could have a disproportionate impact on disabled people. For a number of years, guardianship orders and power of attorney have long since had an impact on disabled people's choice, control, freedom and dignity. It is crucial that in this process all including the Registrar General can consider capacity and coercion, for example. There are elements of protections on that in the bill and in other areas, for example in the Registrar General's work that they do around forced marriage. I believe that amendment 34 is not needed, and it worse could have an unintended consequence for disabled people that I do not think the member or others would hope it to. On that basis, I wish to speak against that amendment today. I thank Mr Duncan Glancy and I call the cabinet secretary to respond. Thank you. Those amendments would place a duty on the Registrar General to ascertain for every application for agenda recognition certificate whether the person applying is subject to a welfare power of attorney or guardianship order to have regard to the adults within capacity Scotland at 2000 and to provide information advice and support. Under the age of legal capacity Scotland at 1991, a person of or over the age of 16 years generally has legal capacity to enter into any transaction having legal effect. The bill also already provides for a person who has an interest in a GRC to apply to the sheriff to revoke a certificate on the ground that the applicant was incapable of understanding the effect of it or that the applicant was incapable of valiantly making the application. The register—yes, of course. Ruth Maguire. I thank the cabinet secretary for taking an intervention. I wonder if she would respond to my point that those processes are available at the end rather than at the beginning and comment on what safeguards are available at the beginning of the process. The Registrar General can also make a similar application to refuse an application on the grounds of incapacity. That would be at the start of the process. It is right that it would be for the sheriff, rather than the Registrar General, to determine whether a person had capacity to make an application based on the evidence because he would be able to gather that evidence, unlike the Registrar General. There are other persons who could valiantly have an interest in a certificate in the circumstances that the person obtaining the certificate may not have capacity. Those include, for example, a person with power of attorney or a guardian or a person authorised under an intervention order under the Adults Within Capacity Scotland Act 2002 acts for the person obtaining the certificate. The 2000 act makes provision about decision making on behalf of those lacking capacity generally in relation to applications to the sheriff or court of session or to the public guardian. The Registrar General does not have functions in relation to proceedings under the act, therefore it is not clear what the relevance would be to the Registrar General's functions in this context. Provision already exists in the bill to allow for GRCs to be refused or revoked on the grounds of the capacity of an applicant whatever their age, and, as has been set out, national records of Scotland will provide guidance to applicants on how to make an application and the effects and consequences of obtaining a GRC. Those amendments also require the Registrar General to make available information, advice and support and to communicate that in an inclusive way. There is already a requirement on the Registrar General to publish information on the process and the effect of a GRC, and I agree that that should be done in an inclusive and accessible way. The national records of Scotland already have a clear commitment to making its websites and resources usable and accessible, and that is set out in its accessibility statement. I do not think that those amendments are required and I would urge people to vote against them.  I am pleased to have got on the record my concerns about adults with incapacity. Based on what the cabinet secretary has said, particularly around the importance of inclusive communication around the support that I will not be pressing those amendments. Ms Maguire is not pressing amendment 34. Sue Webber wishes to press amendment 34. The question is that amendment 34 be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division, and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Mr Alon. My app failed. I would have voted no. Thank you, Dr Alon. I will make sure that that vote is recorded. Point of order, Kenneth Gibson. I do not think that your microphone was on. Sorry, my app failed too, and I also would have voted no. I have seemed to have lost connection. I do not know if my vote was recorded. It was not, Ms Martin. How would you have voted? I will ensure that that is recorded. Point of order, Stephanie Callaghan. I can inform you that Ms Callaghan's vote was recorded. Point of order, Craig Hoy, online. Sorry to interrupt, Mr Hoy. I can inform you that your vote was in fact recorded. Okay, thank you very much indeed. Thank you. The result of the vote on amendment 34 in the name of Ruth Maguire is yes, 27, no, 94. There were two absensions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 35 in the name of Ruth Maguire. Already debated with amendment 30, Ruth Maguire to move or not move? That amendment is not moved, but it is moved by Edward Mountain. The question is therefore that amendment 35 be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. There will be a division, and therefore we will move to... Members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Pauline McNeill. My absions have completely crashed. I would have voted no. Thank you, Ms McNeill. I will make sure that is recorded. Point of order, Keith Brown. My absions have completely crashed. I would have voted no. Thank you, Mr Brown. I will make sure that is recorded. The result of the vote on amendment 35 in the name of Ruth Maguire is yes, 28, no, 95. There was one abstention. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 36 in the name of Russell Finlay. Already debated with amendment 30, Russell Finlay to move or not move? Move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 36 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division. Members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Keith Brown. My absions have completely crashed. I would have voted no. I will make sure that is recorded, Mr Brown. Mr Hoy, I know you want to make a point of order, but again your vote has been recorded. I assure you. The result of the vote on amendment 36 in the name of Russell Finlay is yes, 55, no, 68. There was one abstention. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 37 in the name of Martin Whitfield. Already debated with amendment 6. Martin Whitfield to move or not move? Not moved. The amendment is not moved. Oliver Mundell is looking to move. Amendment 37. The question is that amendment 37 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division. Members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 37 in the name of Martin Whitfield is yes, 32, no, 90 abstentions, 1. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 105 in the name of Jackie Baillie. Already debated with amendment 6. Jackie Baillie to move or not move? Not moved. Jackie Baillie is not wishing to move that. It is whoever it is. The question is therefore that amendment 105 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division. Members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 105 in the name of Jackie Baillie is yes, 9, no, 111. There were two abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 38 in the name of Ruth Maguire. Already debated with amendment 30. Ruth Maguire to move or not move? Move, please. That is moved. The question is that amendment 38 be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division. Members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 38 in the name of Ruth Maguire is yes, 36, no, 86. There were no abstentions and the amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 106 in the name of Michael Marra. Already debated with amendment 100. Michael Marra to move or not move? Not moved. Amendment 106 is not moved. Jeremy Balfour is seeking to move it. The question is that amendment 106 be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. There will be a division and therefore members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Richard Leonard. My app would not connect to the server if it had. I would have voted no. Thank you, Mr Leonard. I will ensure that that is recorded. The result of the vote on amendment 106 in the name of Michael Marra is yes, 25, no, 95. There was one abstention. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 2 in the name of Graham Simpson. Already debated with amendment 100. Graham Simpson to move or not move? Move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 2 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 2 in the name of Graham Simpson is yes, 54, no, 65. There were two abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 3 in the name of Graham Simpson. Already debated with amendment 100. Graham Simpson to move or not move? I will try again and move. That is moved. The Parliament agreed amendment 103. The Parliament is not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. Point of order, Fousal Chowdry. I can advise Mr Chowdry that your vote was recorded. Point of order, Karen Adam. It does say... I can advise you that your vote was recorded. The result of the vote on amendment 3 in the name of Graham Simpson is yes, 54, no, 65. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 39 in the name of Michelle Thompson. Already debated with amendment 18. Michelle Thompson to move or not move? That is moved. The question is that... I... Getting ahead myself. Call amendment 39A in the name of Russell Findlay. Already debated with amendment 18. Russell Findlay to move or not move? Moved. The question is that... Amendment 39A be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 39A in the name of Russell Findlay is yes, 60, no, 63. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 39B in the name of Russell Findlay. Already debated with amendment 18. Russell Findlay to move or not to move? That is moved. The question is that... Amendment 39B be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. That is the vote closed. The result of the vote on amendment 39B in the name of Russell Findlay is yes, 60, no, 63. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I call amendment 39C in the name of Russell Findlay. Already debated with amendment 18. Russell Findlay to move or not to move? That moved. That is moved. The question is that... Amendment 39C be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 39C in the name of Russell Findlay is yes, 35, no, 87. There was one abstention. The amendment is therefore not agreed. I therefore ask Michelle Thompson whether she wishes to press or withdraw amendment 39. Ms Thompson. Yes. Thank you. The question is that... Amendment 39 is agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 39C in the name of Michelle Thompson is yes, 61. No, 61. There were no abstentions. As the vote is tied and Parliament has been unable to reach a view on the amendment, I have to exercise my casting vote in line with the approach taken by all my predecessors. If such a cast against the amendment, therefore the amendment is not agreed. I call amendment 107 in the name of Rachel Hamilton already debated with amendment 95. Rachel Hamilton to move or not move. Amendment 107 is agreed. We are not agreed. There will be a division and members should cast their votes now. Is the vote closed. Oder Jackie Baillie. Thank you. My app did not refresh in time, I would have voted no. My app didn't connect, I would have voted yes. Result of the voting amendment number 107, in the name of Rachel Hamilton is yes 29. No 91. There was one abstention, the amendment is therefore not agreed. Equal amendment 4, in the name of Graeme Simpson. Already debated with amendment 100, to move on up. I'm not intending to move 4 or 5. Thank you, Mr Simpson. The amendment number 4 is not moved. I'm going to call amendment 5 in the name of Graham Simpson already debated with amendment 100, Graham Simpson, not moving. Thank you, Mr Simpson. The call amendment 40 in the name of Gillian Martin already debated with amendment 18, Gillian Martin, to move or not move. That is moved. The question is a call amendment 40A in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 18, cabinet secretary, to move or not move. The question is that amendment 40A be agreed, are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. We are division and members should cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The call amendment 40A in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 119, no, 2. There were two abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I call amendment 40B in the name of the cabinet secretary already agreed. I debated with amendment 18, cabinet secretary, to move or not move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 40B be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 40B in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 118, no, 1. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I call amendment 40C in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 18. Cabinet secretary, to move or not move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 40C be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 40C in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 128, no, 0. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I call amendment 40D in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 18. Cabinet secretary, to move or not move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 40D be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. There will be division members who cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 40D in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 119, no, 0. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I call amendment 40E in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 18. Cabinet secretary, to move or not move. That is moved. The question is that amendment 40E be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. That is moved. The question is that amendment 40E be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. The vote is closed. The result of the vote on amendment 40E in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 118, no, 0. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I call amendment 40A as amended. Press. The question is that amendment 40A as amended be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There will be division members who cast their votes now. Os yn iawn. Maeut o'r maes yw Mikel Marra? Maes yw'r awtso i fynd o'r ffordd i'r ddaf. Gweld eich ddechrau, S assets. Rydw i ddaf yn ddaf i ddweud i ddweud i ddweud i gael 14, ydym yn unig amiddateb gluten nhw Cillee Martin, ddym yn ddweud o'r gwleidau No 0. Y ddweud i ddweud i ddweud i ddweud ein ddaf yn amdani? Mae'n ddweud i ddweud i gweld judgeun, mae ddweud adrodd o'r gwleidau sefydliad ar gyfer. On this occasion, I was actually right. Call of amendment 47A in the name of Paula Cain already debated with amendment 100. Paula Cain to move or not move. The question is that amendment 47A be agreed to. Are we all agreed? We're not agreed to. There'll be a division and members should cast the votes now. The votes are closed. Point of order, Colin Beattie. Can we have Mr Beattie's microphone please? I couldn't connect. I would have voted no. Diolch yn fawr, Mr Beattie. I'll make sure that's recorded. The result of the vote on amendment number 47a, in the name of Paul O'Kane, is yes, 32, no, 70. There were 22 abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. In fact, the cabinet secretary to press or withdraw amendment 47. I'll press. I think the question is that amendment 47 be agreed. Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. There'll be a division member who cast their votes now. The vote's closed. The result of the vote on amendment number 47, in the name of Shona Robison, is yes, 121, no, 0. There were three abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I'll call amendment 48 in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 100. Cabinet secretary to move or not move. Moved. Thank you. The question is that amendment 48 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? No. We are not agreed. There'll be a division member who cast their votes now. The vote's closed. The result of the vote on amendment number 48 in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 118, no, 0. There were six abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. I'll call amendment 49 in the name of the cabinet secretary already debated with amendment 100. Cabinet secretary to move or not move. Moved. That is moved. The question is that amendment 49 be agreed to. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are not agreed. There'll be a division member who cast their votes now. The vote's closed. The point of order, Colin Smyth. My app seems to have frozen, but I would have voted yes. Thank you, Mr Smyth. I'll make sure that it's recorded. The result of the vote on amendment number 49 in the name of Shona Robison is yes, 118, no, 0. There were six abstentions. The amendment is therefore agreed. We now move to group 10, certificates obtained by fraud. Point of order, Jeremy Balfour. I would like to go back to the point of order that I made earlier today in the debate on those with disabilities and those with care and responsibilities. It is now coming up to 12 o'clock. For those of us who have carers, they are now having to stay up way beyond 12 o'clock so that they can help us when we get home. Can I generally ask whether the bill will consider this at the last meeting? Can you also tell us what time you are expecting this to end so that those with us— I appreciate other members who perhaps do not have those concerns, but for those of us who I do have, I think we should be able to be heard. Can I ask when do you think this will finish so that those who have to provide that care will at least have some idea? Can I deal with the point of order for Mr Balfour first and then I will return to you, Ms Bailey? I certainly accept the earlier point of order that you made, Mr Balfour. It was an issue that was discussed by business managers at their most recent meeting. The Presiding Officer laid heavy emphasis on precisely the points that you are making, Mr Balfour. The business managers have agreed to continue this evening until group 13. I am not able to give you a precise time as to when we are expected to finish. That will depend on both the length of the speeches and the number of votes that we have. I am sure that we all appreciate the time that is approaching midnight. The difficulty that we have is that people are tired and mistakes will be made. There are substantive groupings ahead of us to try to achieve all that. I wonder whether you would consult with the business managers to see whether we can curtail business just now and resume tomorrow. Thank you, Ms Bailey. That reiterates the point of order from Mr Balfour. We had a meeting with business managers about an hour ago where it was agreed that we would proceed up until group 13. I would invite those of a similar view, Ms Bailey, to have a word with our business managers if there is a prevailing view that we do not proceed as agreed at the last meeting of business managers. There may be an opportunity to review that, but there is not much more I can add at this stage. I seek your guidance once more. The run-up to the establishment of the Scottish Parliament was made of its proposed family-friendly principles. As it stands, this Parliament has spent nearly 10 hours debating the Gender Recognition Reform Bill. Many MSPs have young families, including myself, and will have had to make last-minute arrangements for childcare. If Parliament is to conduct itself in such a way, Holyrood can no longer define itself as a family-friendly Parliament. My fear, as referenced earlier, is that it will not be the last MSP to state that late-night sittings are incompatible with working here while raising a young family. So, can the Presiding Officer advise if late-night sittings are now standard and whether amendments can be voted on over multiple dates, with the final debate taking place in January to better accommodate sitting hours? As I said to Mr Balfour earlier on, the Presiding Officer, during the meeting with other business managers, again, laid heavy emphasis on precisely the points that both yourself and Mr Balfour had made at the beginning of the session. She also laid heavy emphasis on the reputation of the aspiration that this Parliament has always had to be family-friendly. It is more than regrettable that we find ourselves in the situation that we are in, but, nevertheless, there has been an agreement within the group of business managers earlier on this evening to continue to group 13. As I say, if there are further discussions that can be had with business managers, I am sure a further meeting can be arranged to discuss this, but at the moment that is the basis upon which I am proceeding. Further point of order, Liam Kerr. I wonder whether the Presiding Officer would accept a motion without notice to put the question raised by Jackie Baillie MSP to this Parliament to pause business at this point and resume tomorrow. Can I thank Liam Kerr for that point of order? I am not inclined to take the motion without notice at this stage, but what I think would impress upon the business managers is in the interim that they reflect on the comments that have been expressed across the chamber by a number of members and revisit it. As I say, on that basis there may be an opportunity to look again at what was agreed at the last business meeting, but I thank you very much for that point of order. I understand from the pause there, so you are perhaps waiting for business managers to convene again. Since we have all of the party leaders in the chamber, would it be possible for the party leaders to assemble to look at the timetabling of this bill? The First Minister, myself and the leaders of the other political parties, to look at what we can agree on as the political parties within this chamber to take this issue forward. Thank you, Mr Ross. I appreciate the offer. This is really a matter for the business managers, and I think there is not much more I can add to that. With that, I suggest that we move on to group 10 certificates obtained by fraud. I call amendment 108, in the name of Jamie Greene, group with amendments 110, 114, 115, 116, 138 and 139. Jamie Greene, to move amendment 108 and speak to all amendments in the group. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I am as keen as anyone to get through this bill. I suggest that I could happily offer before I move on to my grouping that we give the business managers a few moments of their time in an adjacent room to have that discussion now. I would be more than happy to postpone just for a few moments to let them make that decision. There is clearly a concern for failing coming from all quarters on that note, and I seek your guidance if that could happen. Can we have a bit of quiet minister? Everyone of us obviously wants to see what business managers would do, so I am quite happy to have conversations with my fellow business managers and discuss it and take it from there. Thank you very much minister. I do appreciate that. There will therefore be a brief suspension to allow the business managers to have that discussion.


So the error is invalid get index number on base array. So this error happens whenever you're trying to access a value inside an array, but the value is bigger than the amount of options that are. Although here it says three and we have three items here, the arrays index start with a zero, being the first value, one being the second and two being the third value. So in this case, if we want to access the third value, we need to do this so that the index of the array is not bigger than the amount that there are. Let's print to confirm that this is working and we see here human. Okay, sometimes this happened and you have to be very careful about whenever you're using, instead of a number here on an index, a variable. Maybe you're looping through it or you're doing something else with it. So in that case, if we have a variable and we say it is going to be two and we set that value there, this will work, but sometimes you're modifying this variable and this variable goes out of bounds. So in that case, please check that the variable that you're using is a number that can be contained within that. A way to do this could be adding a size conditional. So if this variable is smaller than the array and size, which will give us a number of how many entries there are, we don't see the error because it's checking that the size of this array has to be smaller than the number that we're trying to check.