Thank you. Hey. Hey, hey, hey. Bullies, man. Look, hush, hush. Alright. Alright. Alright. Alright. Had the band. It's under square. Who got this? ... м goodbye. ..lerce. You guys, I saw your shows there. Mellue's there. Thank you, thank you. Suc burn. Suc burn. How were the because of your show? These are shows that I have never seen Ten years ago. So this is about time. Time. Tell you how. Time. Time. But suddenly, I see that time Just in case, would you have a part of your joke? How did it make you feel? Was there any help or support? Even the comedians were there. How did it make you feel? It was very amazing. It felt like 10 years ago when we were performing in the streets. But we were up on a skizzer, we enjoyed, we sang along. It was amazing. It was beautiful. What is that one thing that has kept you guys together for 10 years? Even though I'm a Muslim, I'm still a Muslim. Even though I'm a Muslim, I'm still a Muslim. Brotherhood, work ethics and cinema. I've seen it in my family before work. Before, I used to listen to music. But then I started listening to music. And then I started listening to chocolate. What do you think of the music you listen to? Because you're the one who helps me to improve my music. But how did you guys meet? Do you listen to music? I used to go to the Kenyan National Theatre as an actor. I used to be an actor before. I used to go to travelling theatres. Then I went to the Kenyan National Theatre, I met with Modeca. I went to audition for a play. I went to the West Toboa. I went to the Toboa. After I went to the band to let it grow, I went to the Kenyan National Theatre, I went to the Nyemba, I was a poet, I was a poet. And then I went to the band to let it grow. I went to school, I went to the academy, I went to school, I graduated. I went to the first single I went to. And then boom, I went to the Gero. Oh my God! What inspired you to come to the band? When I was a kid, I used to go to the band before. What inspired you to come to the band? I didn't know anything. You didn't know anything? I didn't know anything. You didn't know anything? Among other names, I came to the band. I came to the band with Swagha. I went to the band. C.C. came to the band with Swagha. I went to the band with Swagha. Anyway, I came to the band to encapsulate everything that we do as artists. Because we are different types of artists. Painters, drawers, nene, fashion, all kinds of art from the heart. So heart the band. I understand the bridge between the heart and the heart. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Let's go. Today we are here for Chris. Where is he? How is his relationship with Chris? I came to the band with C.C. before the music. Chris was a member of the band. I came to the band for a very long time. Then I came to the band with the music. Believe it or not, Chris was a support online. I came to the band with Chris and he was a member of the band. I came to the band with Chris. I wanted to be a part of the band. I came to the band to surprise my fans. I wanted to say, Why not? Because you know why? Kenyans for Kenyan. Music is about collaboration. We have to show people why people need to come together. That is what we do with our music. That is what we do with our art. I came to the band to help. I came to the band with Chris. Sofa, what can you say about Heart The Band and some brands that are easy to celebrate in 10 years? Maybe some highlights that we can achieve. Sofa, what is the place that you want to attack? At the end of the day, if I am better than I was yesterday and tomorrow I can be better than I am today, then I will win. So for Heart The Band, this is our fifth album, 10th year, so expect more from Heart The Band. Good music, no joke, no one has ever heard the music of Heart The Band called it Evergreen. We have been together for over and over and over again for years and years to come. So man, thank you so much for being here. We've had this request here, what do you want to say about Teftemrembo? Teftemrembo? What do you want to say about Teftemrembo? Teftemrembo? Teftemrembo? Teftemrembo? Camera? Not all camera. How much? How much? How much? We need to work on that. We need to work on the background vocals of BGV's, so that they can be really good. We need to work on the music and the music. You can give us credit for that. We have to be behind the scenes and work on the music. Thanks to the fact that we have a lot of students. I have been to Mesquisa for a long time. I am not a lady, but I am a lady. Speaking of lady, I didn't expect you to come to work here. I am not a lady, but I am not a lady. I am not a lady, but I am not a lady. Hi! Hi! I am not a lady. So, how are you? I am on the same side to pick up my stuff. I am not a lady, but I am not a lady. I am not a lady, but I am not a lady. I am not a lady. But for me, I am not a lady. We have many things to say. We are from enough cities. Well, since I was in that school, I am not a lady. I am not a lady. So we confirm. Do you have any things to show for your work? Of course we have things all day and day. Hahaha! All day and day is just a matter of you being in the shop for work. I like hearing that you support. Anyway, we are just going to go out to have a coffee and talk and then it will be time to go and meet people. They're not going to be around for many days. So I suggest you go and show that you support. We have some things to show. Thank you. Good day. Good day to you. I got that. When I was a private son, especially in a relationship, I actually moved to Oswali. I was in the comment section, so that's it. Is it because maybe, especially in a relationship, especially in a relationship, especially in a relationship, especially in a relationship, maybe that is the reason why you decided to come to the Band at the end of the day. At the Band, we are musicians. That's what we focus on. You see, I never knew how to communicate with my family. I do not know how to communicate, but my focus is our music. That's what we like to share. I will answer now. We are Academy-class, so you can see right away. That's not okay. It's the first time I've been to Bambi. It's the first time I've been to Bambi. It's the first time I've been to Bambi. Lastly, a message to Chris. My name is Chris. I'm a hard worker. I'm a road surface worker. I'm a labor worker. I work in music. I keep pushing Kenyan music. I keep doing what you do. God bless you. God bless your music. God bless your family. The interview we did was a very nice interview. The answers were very nice. There are two words that I want to say. As in music is bigger than us. There are two words that I want to say. I want to focus on that. There are two words that I want to say more than I want to say.


Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhum. Alhamdulillah, we thank Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala for this gift of life. We thank Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala for our ability to be here, to have iman, to act upon that iman, and to give us as we said life as nothing is guaranteed for us. I'm going to share with you, for a moment, I pulled up and went to grab my khutba, only to realize that it is sitting back on my desk at Zetuna College. And it was another time that this happened. I was giving a khutba in Vermont, and I know that I had walked to my car with the khutba. And I looked everywhere for this khutba, and I had plenty of time, maybe 40 minutes before the khutba, and I could not find the khutba. And then after I came back to my car, the khutba was in the visor. And the metaphor that I took from that was that I looked down. I looked everywhere, down, but I didn't look up. Not to create space with Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, but to get what I'm saying. And that was what I walked away from, that I didn't look up and ask Allah, but yet I tried to exhaust all of my means that I could without taking a moment to say, yeah, Allah, where is this khutba? And it was four inches from my face. So what I wanted to talk about today, we, or myself, in the past couple of days, I have been getting messages about, you know, October is mental health month, and perhaps we could talk about that, or there has been a lot of talk about that and the circles that I am in and other things such as this. Or perhaps we could speak about the situation that is happening in Iran and what is happening there, tragic, no doubt. This other issue also that we could talk about, I'm sorry that I meant to say that October is Domestic Violence Month, that's what I went to say. And there were talks about perhaps speaking on that. But as I thought a bit more, and by no way am I belittling any of these actions, but I thought to myself, there's a clear imbalance in that each one of these things, the issue of domestic violence, the mental health issue, or the situation that is happening in Iran, to me the imbalance is that I am not hearing anything that is guiding me back to my ultimate reality, to meet Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala. And I understand these as being our life in this world, no doubt, and I understand the importance of these things. And that's what made me, what I wanted to speak about today was thinking about this, du'a'a Allahumma la taja'a al dunya akbarahamina. O Allah, don't make this world the greatest of my concerns. And not that those things should not be our concerns, don't get me wrong for one moment of what I'm trying to say here. What I'm trying to say is that where is the balance? Where is the balance that at each time when I'm engaging with people or I'm looking, even my social media, which means that there are things that this AI is understanding and it's sending to me that I'm not being reminded of my ultimate journey home. And I'm not being reminded of the hope that accompanies that knowing my shortcomings. And I think about this in a hadith that I can remember from my khutbah that I had prepared. And I'm going to paraphrase it because I can't remember it verbatim, forgive me. But it tells of a story of a man. It says he is the last inhabitant to exit the Hellfire. And he looks back at the Hellfire and he says like, I am done with you. And he praises Allah and he thanks Allah for removing him from this. And as he is walking away from the Hellfire, he sees a tree and he asks Allah if he can sit under this tree and he has granted this. And he rests there and then there's another tree that's greater than the one that he is sitting under. And he says, oh, Allah, that tree.  You'll continue to ask for war. No, no, no, Allah, only this tree. Only this tree. So Allah grants it to him. And he moves to this tree and the same thing happens. A greater tree is presented to him and he asks, oh, Allah, that tree. I will not ask you for anything more after this. By servant, didn't you just ask me for this? I'm afraid if I give this to you, you will not be content and you will ask for more. No, Allah, only this one, only this one. And it says that as he moves to that tree and he sits there, he then sees the gates of Jannah. Of course, he's going to ask. Oh, Allah, this one. Oh, Allah, this one. Please, just the gates. And as I share with you this hadith, it reminds me of my, Alhamdulillah, absolute blessing from Allah, Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala, the first year that I became Muslim, I was able to make Hajj. And one of the most vivid memories that I have is standing just back from the Black Stone and looking at the door of the Ka'bah as it is shrouded in all of its beauty and thinking to myself, and I'm looking at the people that are scrambling, making dua'a, multazim, because the dua'a between the Black Stone and the door of the Ka'bah is mustajab from Allah, Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala is accepted by Allah, Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. And I'm looking at the people that are scrambling to kiss the Black Stone. But I'm looking at these doors and seeing that all of these people are outside and what if this was the fight for me? And those doors are closed. And there is no entrance into Jannah. And I sat there and I looked and I looked and I thanked my Lord because just a few months later, earlier, I would have been on that group that I had I died in that state that I would have been on the outside of those doors. Allah knows best. And this hadith continues and the man has let into the Jannah and he has seen all of these things. And there's more that continues in the hadith but I'm going to just stop here to say that the hope that I felt when I read this hadith that this is the last person to enter from the exit from the Hellfire to be entered into the Jannah and the type of Farah, the type of joy, the type of happiness that this person has. And you think about it and all of the hadith that we hear about and at the end of time that someone who just has a myth, Allah, a mustard seed of, of Iman and their heart will enter Jannah. What type of hope does that give to us who find in our lives Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala facilitating us to be here for Jumu'ah week after week after week. Facilitating for us Ramadan after Ramadan after Ramadan. Facilitating for us our children to memorize the book of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Facilitating for us a life insha'a Ta'ala that we are exhausting and spending our time seeking the pleasure of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala with all of our shortcomings. The joy that that brings me just to be considered, if you will, to be considered to enter into Jannah. So that's why I'm saying why I started off talking about yes, we could speak about mental health or yes, we could speak about domestic violence or yes, we could speak about this situation in Iran. We can speak about all those things. And rightfully, we should. But all I'm saying is that for me, it felt, it feels like an imbalance. And to bring us back to this place of balance at an absolute minimum. But to be around and seek company and seek conversation and even start conversation about the joys of this journey home. And what we will experience in Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Not because of what I do, because of the promises and the grace of our Lord. And that through all of these struggles that there will be this mixture of these hardships but also the sweetness of Iman. And when I think about this mixture, I think about the story of Bilal radi Allahu Anhu. It said that when the Sahaba saw his back from the punishment that he received that they wept and they asked what brought you through that. And he said, yes, both were there. The pain of this was there, but the sweetness of Iman was there. And the sweetness of Iman was superior. It eclipsed that pain. That's what I'm talking about of why that balance is needed. These are difficult times. And seemingly, I don't know for you, but for me, they seem like they get more difficult. And the next thing unfolds. And the next thing unfolds. And the next thing unfolds. However, we should not be surprised because we were warned about this. We were told about this. So just taking these moments that I'm able to share with you here that this is a reminder. First for myself, as one of my early teachers said to me, my ears are closer to my mouth than they are to yours. So I am the first one to hear it. This is a reminder for me. That one, when situations look bleak, that we have this hope to look forward to. And not, as I said, to negate our existence in this world, nor to say that this world is profane because it's actually beautiful. It's beautiful that we are here. Our families are beautiful, wallillah and hamd. There are beautiful aesthetics such as sunrises and sunsets and mountains and all of these other things that we can find. Hope of our children, of our grandchildren, whatever it is, these are things that are all beautiful. No doubt. So I said, I don't think that this world, I personally do not look at this world as just being profane, lah, abadan. But there are trials and will be trials and we all know these things. So insha'Allah this will serve as a reminder first and foremost for myself, that through all of that and hearing of this last man granted this gift, if you will. How could we even call it a gift? I don't even know that I can have a word to describe what that is from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to be granted paradise after a duration in the fire. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala protect us from the fire, from seeing it, from smelling it, from even knowing of its existence.


Okay, welcome back after the break. We still have Prince and Kanran and Sivak to join us. Okay, so before the break, we looked at 2nd Timothy chapter 2 verse 2. Now we will move on to verses 3 to verse 7. So can one of you read verses 3 to verse 7 please? 3 to verse 7. Sorry, you can go ahead and read. Okay, you therefore must endure hardship as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. No one engage in warfare, in angels, himself, at angle, himself with the affairs of this life. That is, may place him who enlist him as a soldier. And also if anyone complete his athletics, he is not proud unless he completes according to the rules. The hard working farmer must be first to partake of the crops. Consider what I say and may the Lord give you understanding in all things. Thank you, Kanran. So here Paul is mentioning or presenting to analogies. Analogies are something similar to something else. So he is trying to highlight a few characteristics, what the material power to be a good minister of the Lord and so he is presenting 3 analogies here. First of a soldier, then of an athlete and then of a farmer. So 3 analogies, soldier, athlete and farmer. And he is trying to highlight a few characteristics on how to be a good minister of the Lord from these 3 analogies.  Being a analog god, a serving god is not an easy thing.  So if you want to serve god, it is not a life of needs or comfort. There are going to be difficulties. There are going to be totally filled with pain and suffering and difficulties. But it's also not going to be easy and it's not going to be a comfortable life. We need to be ready to go through hardships and difficulties and be like a soldier. A soldier is always ready for the call of. He was explaining, he is always there at his post, always there doing his responsibility. He is an inspector of whatever his physical needs are, he won't care for them. But he will be there to do what his commanding officer, the chief officer, the commanding officer has asked him to do. So we see that a soldier is always ready for the call of duty. A soldier who lives with his family and has his children, when it's a call of duty, he is ready to meet other people and just respond to the call.  But he is always ready on the call of duty.  And for this everything we need to live that way, we need to be always ready to do what God is calling us to do. Now having said that, it does not mean that a soldier should not fulfill his responsibilities towards his spouse or to his family or parents or his children. Yes he does, but what we are saying here is greater than that, this is called for duty. And similarly, it does not mean that once we are serving God that we don't take care of our spouse or children or our parents. We do, we have to. That's also God given responsibility. But what God is saying is that we need to be always ready to what God calls us to do and not get entangled with the wrong things. But keep ourselves free to do what God has called us to do. So that is the analogy of a soldier, how a man of God needs to be a soldier. In the second period he talks about an athlete. Now an athlete he trains, but he got the disciplines his body, he works hard so that he can win the race. But for him to win the race, he needs to complete according to the rules. He has to take part in run the race according to the rules that are all set. So for example, when an athlete is running a race, he needs to only start, he has to be at the starting point firstly. Then he can only start when you hear the whistle blow or when the gun, you know, the gunshot. Here's the gunshot, that's when you can start the race. You can start it whenever he feels like running the race. And he needs to keep in his own lane, he cannot change the lanes. And he has to reach the finishing point, he has to cross the finishing line. That is when he can win the race. He can do a shot of getting a medal. So for understanding Timothy in the same way, we need to serve according to God's terms and not according to our own terms. We need to meet God's requirements, we need to meet His standards and we need to complete part of His rules. And you know, we need to come, align ourselves to the standards that He has placed for us. And we know that God has standards for His call that is placed on our lives and we need to live by those standards. So that is the analogy that is presenting of an attitude that we're completing according to the rules. The third analogy is that of a farmer. Now we all know farmers are very hardworking, you know, only a hardworking farmer can enjoy the fruits of his hard work and enjoy the harvest. If he does not work hard, he just sits there idle not doing anything, there will be no harvest, there will be no fruits. So a hardworking farmer will enjoy the fruits of his hard labor. So without hard work, they can do no harvest or they cannot enjoy the fruits the same way. When we serve God, it's not something that is going to be comfortable and easy. It's going to be hard work, we need to labor, we need to work hard. But you know, God has His promise in His work, we bless the work of our hands and we will enjoy the fruit of God. You know, a farmer will bring about a great and a rich harvest. And then Moses ate, he says, remember that Christ Jesus. Now this word, remember Paul, this is a warning because it was something that Timothy might easily forget. But he said it because Timothy needed to be reminded to keep this in the forefront of his message. Now what does he need to keep in the forefront of this message? That Jesus Christ is the seed of David. Timothy needed to keep this fact, present this fact or teach this fact or preach this fact. But Jesus was the Messiah of Israel who came in the seed of David. And this was supposed to be the forefront of his preaching. The next thing that he was raised from the dead according to my gospel. So he was raised from the dead, which is the greatest fact and also the greatest credential of the authenticity of Jesus Christ that he was resurrected from the dead. Now this phrase seed of David, it means that Jesus was raised from the dead. It also means that Jesus came as a seed of David.  So it was essential for Timothy to remember and teach this truth about who Jesus was. That he was fully God and fully man. How is he fully God? He was a seed of David and was fully man because he was raised from the dead. And Paul says, according to my gospel, Paul was somebody who felt he was entrusted with the gospel. He was a custodian of the gospel. Somebody who was to guard the gospel. And he was not ashamed of the gospel. And he felt that the gospel belonged to him. In that sense, you know, he preached it. But also he says it belonged to him in the sense that he believed in it. Not just preached it, but he also believed in it. And it was his gospel. And it should also be the gospel of each one of us individually. That means we need to take ownership of the gospel in a sense that we need to believe it. We need to live by it. And we also need to preach it. That's when we show that the gospel belongs to us. And he says, this is because of this gospel that we preach, we will endure hardships. And when we endure these hardships, when we go through these hardships, when we persevere, when we endure, it is so that others can obtain salvation. So Paul is telling Timothy. See, I'm preaching the resurrected Savior and look at me where I am now. I am in chains. So he's telling Timothy that he's not just telling him to be like a soldier, a farmer and athlete. I'm not telling him that he has to endure hardships and serve God. It's not going to be easy. But he's saying look at my own life. I too am suffering. Like somebody who is like an evil dwarf who has done something wrong. They look for preaching the gospel. And that is why I'm in chains. But he's saying that, you know, he's saying that he's in chains. Like as I just say, he's an evil dwarf, but he's not done something like evil. But he's saying he's in chains because he is preaching this eternal gospel. And so he doesn't mind being in chains because of eternal gospel that he has preached, you know, and he will continue to do so, so that others can receive salvation. So we need to also be mindful of this, that when we serve God, it's not going to be easy. We need to be like a soldier, an athlete, a farmer. We have to endure hardships. We need to work hard to do things. We need the harm is the fruit of God. But we need to understand that, you know, the gospel that we preach, we just have to own it for ourselves, own it in a sense that we believe it and preach it so that others can receive salvation. Okay. Any questions? Any doubts? So this versus, if not, we will move to verses 11 to verse 30. Can somebody repeat that, please? Verses 11 to verse 30. Anyone like to do verses 11 to verse 30? Hello class, no one's there. Is anyone there? Okay, thank you Thomas. Persecutions, afflictions, which happened to me at Antioch, Iconium, what persecution? No, Thomas sorry to interrupt. Are you reading in secondary chapter 2 verses 11 to 30? Sorry sir, my page in the third verse, chapter 3, one moment. Yes. Okay, one moment. 11, right? 11. Yes, 11 to 30. 11 to 30. This is a faithful saying, for if we die with him, we shall also live with him. If we endure, we shall also reign with him. If we deny him, he also will deny us. If we are faithless, he remains faithful. He cannot deny himself. Thank you Thomas. So this is our hope in the midst of enduring hardships that Emporh is giving and sharing his hope with Timothy. We know that if we die, we will live with Christ. We will die, but we have the assurance of hope of eternal life, which is what we mentioned about in the previous verses in the previous chapter. And it says, if we endure hardship, we are going to reign. So this is our hope that all of us have, that if we endure, we don't give up. We know we will bring Christ in His name in the kingdom. And if we suffer now, we have this hope that we will reign with Him. On the other hand, there are severe consequences of our denial.  Jesus says about this. He says, whoever confesses me before a man, I will confess him before my father in heaven. Whoever denies me before man, I will deny him before my father in heaven. Because in Jesus, I said that. So when we deny Christ or when we become faithless, it impacts us. But it does not change anything from God's side, from His name. We know that His nature never changes. It is the same as the same thing forever. Now, there is a difference between denying and faithless. Denying means outrightly saying no. So that is what when we deny Christ, when we outrightly say no, then, you know, He has no choice but to deny us. But faithless is, you know, we go through moments of, when our faith is wavered, when our faith is weak, when our faith is shaken, you know. But God understands us. He knows our faith, He knows our weaknesses. But He says that, you know, He will still remain faithful. So that is the meaning of denying and being faithless. When we deny God, it is totally same. We don't have anything to do with Him. We don't want Him. It is same as no to Him. When we do that, one has more the choice of denying us. But when we are faithless, that means, you know, moments when we are weak in our faith, our faith is wavered, our faith is shaken, you know. But God will still remain faithful again. And it means that, you know, when we go through those moments of faithlessness, we can always get back to God. He has not changed. He will never change. He will still remain faithful. He will revive us. And He will take us to higher levels.  Okay? And was 14. And one of you read was 14 things. Dave, would you like to read verse 14? Sir, keep reminding God's people of Him. These things warned them before God against parading about words. It is of no value and only ruins those who listen. Thank you, Dave. So here, Paul is again reading the synagogue. He says that, you know, heavenly preach, preach, exalt God's people in the church community about all these things and what are these things about enduring hardship, how to be like a soldier, an athlete, a farmer, you know, how to remain faithful to God and not to spawn Him. He says, teach all of these things about how to endure hardship for the sake of the gospel of Jesus Christ, not to be ashamed of the gospel. And he says that, you know, we must also continue to absorb people to stay away from engaging in useless thoughts, useless things, arguments, you know, and fighting over words, ideas, arguments because it does not benefit anyone. And I think Paul is reading it, writing about this from, you know, first thing that we've been seeing about it. He says, don't waste your time. You know, don't engage in these people who, you know, try to bring about arguments and, you know, fight over words because all of this is not going to help anyone. It's just going to bring in more strife, more division. But when you teach and preach God's word, that is what will build you up, that is what will strengthen you in the faith. And this is what he's spoken of from the 1st and the 2nd chapter of one of his Remindings. And then he says, you know, keep preaching, keep exalting and teaching people about all of these things. Okay. Vasudevi. And one of you read, Vasudevi, please. Jayan, to present yourself, approve to God our workers who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the words of truth. Thank you. So here says, be diligent, which means be focused. And, you know, being diligent is something that's not a one-time thing. It's something that is ongoing. It's a continuous work that has to be pursued carefully with earnestness. And he's telling, for a semi-committee to be diligent in three things, be diligent firstly to present yourself approved to God. That means live in a right manner before God. Walk in a right manner before God. The second thing that he says you need to be diligent is be diligent as a worker who does not need to be ashamed. That means work in a way that you are not ashamed before God. Fulfill your calling. Fulfill what God has asked you to do so that you don't stand ashamed. You don't feel guilty or content before God. And the third thing that you need to be diligent about is rightly divide the word of truth. And committee, be careful how you handle, how you preach, the word of God, you know, vitally dissect it, say the truth as it is to be said in a plain way. You know, don't take any other means to explain it, but to spread our right in the word of truth, explain a preach of each God's word. And verse 16 to verse 18, I was going to tell you that phrase. Verse 16 to verse 18. Verse 16 to verse 18 says, but shun, for fame and idle babblings, for they will increase to more ungodliness. And the message will spread like cancer. Hymenias and philatis are of this sort who have strayed concerning the truth, saying that the resurrection is already fast and they over-show the faith of some. So Paul is telling them, we go in God, in idle and silly talk. And then he mentions to people, when we are hymenias and philatis, you know, hymenias is mentioned by Paul also in 1 Timothy chapter 1 verse 20. All we know about these men, you don't know much about them, but all we know about them is that they are engaging in useless and ungodly talk and they are spreading, you know, wrong things, talking wrong things, presenting wrong arguments and jokes. And that is being very, you know, destroying the faith of people. It's being very destructive into church, being about a lot of division and destruction. And Paul has dealt with them as he has mentioned in 1 Timothy.  That means everybody is just receiving it, hearing them out and it's just spreading so fast and cancer also because it spreads fast and it brings pain, it brings more joy. It breaks down the whole body, the whole system, the way it functions.  He says, don't have anything to do with it. Verses 90 to 21 and somebody with that please, Verses 90 to 21. Can I read? Yes, sure, thank you. Nevertheless, the solid foundation of God stands having this seal. The Lord knows those who are and let everyone who names the name of Christ depart from iniquity. But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and silver but also wood and clay some for honor and some for dishonor. Therefore, if anyone cleanses himself from the lantern he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified and useful for the master prepared for every good work. I'm sorry about the sound. No, no problem, thank you. So here Paul is drawing an analogy from utensils that are used at home. He says that in the home there are vessels in our homes as well. There are vessels that we use for regular use, regular day to day offerings and then we have special vessels that we use for special occasions, special purposes when we have guests at home. And the owner is a little excited or proud to have all these special utensils properly, dinner sets or tea sets that we have to display it and to use it when we have guests to serve the guests just to honor them for who they are and serve special food in that. So to be a vessel for honor means a vessel, we need to be vessels that are used for special purposes for honorable use and a vessel that brings honor to God. So if you want to be a vessel that God wants to use or he wants to put on display or he wants to release his special purposes or his special anointing to us then there are four things, four important requirements that we need to be a special vessel for honor. And I'm sure all of us would like to be the vessel of honor, vessel of honor where we are used for special purposes for God, for honorable use where God wants to put us on display by just pouring out his anointing for us, releasing his special purposes for us, giving us special positions or even according to science protocols and numbers to our life. If we want to be such people then there are four important requirements to be a vessel of honor and if you know what he says it says that God says if anyone in verse 21 he says therefore if anyone, so it means anyone that means all of us can be those vessels of honor so what are the four important requirements to be a vessel of honor, first thing is we need to be cleansed, that means we need to, you know, department of life of sin we need to, if not, we need a simple carnal nature but we need to feed a spirit man, we need to grow in a spirit man we need to starve the things of the flesh that means not given to our fleshly carnal nature and desires of our carnal nature that's the lust of the eyes the lust of the flesh in the fight of life so we also need to cleanse our self out of this corner. The second thing is we need to be sanctified, that means we set ourselves apart to basically doing what God has called us to and to be those vessels of honor that is one thing there so to be set apart for sanctifying, you know, the minute we are born again the sanctification process begins it's not a one time thing, one minute thing one day in or one event but it happens throughout our life and the extent of sanctification happens to the extent that we are willing to submit and contemplate our lives every day that much the Holy Spirit will work helping us to sanctify us to cleanse us, purify us, to present us brainless holy, without spout drinking or blemish before the most high God to be set apart to be holy just like a soldier an athlete, a farmer sets themselves apart to fulfill their specific calling responsibility, the position that we are in. We need to be useful that means we need to be available to God's call, to be available to what He's asking us to do and to be easily used by God not just holding on to our weaknesses saying we can't do this, can't do that nothing to do this, nothing to do that are just available and also prepare that's what we are willing to put and be ready ourselves to be ready to take on all the purposes to flow in a mountain of God so all of us can be wrestlers of honor but we need to work on those four important requirements to become that vessel of honor and remember that it was one that the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ has been given to us in Ephesians chapter 2 we see that the grace of God has been lavished upon us and so we have the grace of God to enable us to bring these vessels of honor any questions, any doubts so far but not to be removed thank you Thomas we'll move on to verse 22 and one of you will read verse 22 actually also youthful lust but pursue righteousness, faith, love, peace with those who call on the Lord out of pure heart thank you Kiran so in the view of becoming a vessel of honor we have only one choice and that is to stay in all ungodly lusts and passions and we need to desire or we need to pursue that means pursue is keep going after relentlessly and keep going after never stopping, persevere, enduring peace, faith, love and peace and we need to do this with those who call and do this with those who call on the Lord out of pure heart so here there is an idea of togetherness of community meaning do this in a community of people who are doing the same thing join these people who are also pursuing righteousness, faith, love and peace so this whole thing that Paul is saying here is bringing about the idea of togetherness of community is saying this meaning do this in a community of people who are doing the same thing so it means that we need to live in a community along with others who are also pursuing righteousness, faith, love and peace and also if you want to become a vessel of honor then be with those who are doing the same thing that is what he means in this verse verses 23 to 26 can one of you read that please the last three verses 22 to verse 26 don't have anything to do with foolish and stupid arguments because you have the produced chorus and the Lord's servant must not be a chorism but must be kind to everyone able to kiss, not resentful opponents must be gently instructed in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to unknowledge of the truth and that they will come to their senses and escape from the crack of the devil who has taken the captive to do his will thank you Dave so here Paul is telling me that there will be people who oppose you people who oppose the gospel people who oppose Jesus Christ but when they oppose you how do you handle them how do you handle the situations firstly he says don't get into any foolish or you know ignorance disputes again he goes back on the same thing and he is still talking and reviving him he says because when you get into all this foolish and ignoring disputes or arguments you know it will just produce it will just produce deficient and then he says you know instead the servant of the Lord must not quarrel, must not fight must not get into strife but what must the servant of God do he or she must be gentle and patiently teach people connect them in humility we need to teach them all gentleness why was Paul telling me that why is he saying you need to be gentle with them fight with them correct them in humility because these people are not argue with them or fight with them because these people are taking captive by the devil they have to be snare of the devil whatever you speak to them or argue or present your arguments it's not going to do anything to them it won't be able to help them with any God it's only the Holy Spirit who can move in them who can work in their lives to bring them to a place of repentance and to a place where they are able to embrace them soon so that they can come back to their senses and they can come out of the snare of the devil that they are in right now so in that context the servant of God should not argue fight with them it's going to lead them more astray but just be gentle with them teach them that the Holy Spirit and God can work in their lives and help them to embrace the truth bring them to a point of truth to embrace the truth it's free from the snare of the devil that they are in in right now it also talks about the importance of prayer we can share with people we can teach them, we can preach to them we can do this in love, patience and gentleness but we also need to engage in prayer because it's a bondage so strong for some of them and we can fully come out of the snare of the devil who's controlling their lives controlling their lives only but the power of the devil is given the power of God so that is what he ends this chapter 2 a key takeaway is verse 21 therefore when one answers himself from the latter he will be the vessel of God sanctified and useful for the master who will work with you good work so we need to be a vessel of God and we see that every instruction given in this chapter is directed towards this one very important call that a calling is not something that is going to be easy it's going to be difficult but we need to be vessels of honor so that we can honor the God who has called us who's appointing us who's releasing his work to us and so that people can see the way that we conduct ourselves in honor and with honor the power that we serve so that is end of chapter 2 everyone has any questions, doubts any comments no questions, no doubts okay there are no questions and no doubts I will end class thank you all for joining class okay test on 1st Timothy is on web 16 right web 16 yes nun yes okay so that is next when is the test so please prepare for 1st Timothy okay thank you all for joining class have a good day and I will see you for the other classes I think we will have tomorrow we will have class okay see you all have a good week and a good weekend and I will see you on Monday ma'am how will be the exams it's written or it's over


Hi, my name is Dr. Glenn Simmons Jr. I'm at Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine in the Department of Biomedical Sciences. And I'm Dr. Stephanie Thomas, I'm an assistant professor in the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology in the School of Medicine at the University of Minnesota. The paper that we co-authored together is along with an undergraduate trainee titled Targeting Lipid Metabolism in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. One of the main reasons that we were interested in doing this work was because both of our research programs and our individual laboratories kind of work in areas that are separate but end up converging on this particular disease model. My research is interested in how lipid metabolism can affect the ability of the immune system to target tumors and help improve patient outcomes. And through that work, we've been working in several different cancer models. The one that we're currently looking in has been lung cancer over the last year, but looking at some of the literature that we've put together in studying both lung cancer as well as other cancer models, we found that ovarian cancer has very similar characteristics that makes it such that lipid metabolism is an interesting area to start looking into developing research programs around. And as Dr. Simmons mentioned, so our research areas are kind of complementary. So my research laboratory focuses on proteomics and we are taking a proteomics approach to studying ovarian cancer, so determining the molecular mechanisms and also studying some of the altered signaling pathways that confer sensitivity or resistance to treatment. So the thing that was really surprising when looking at this particular work, looking at ovarian cancer and specifically this high-grade serous subtype of ovarian cancer was this idea that the role of lipid metabolism has been pretty divisive in the field. So there's a lot of research that suggests that limiting lipid metabolism within cancer cells specifically is a very viable way of treating and eliminating tumors. But there's also a lot of research that suggests that lipid metabolism itself isn't something that you would want to target, but it's actually a consequence of several upstream mechanisms, pathways they converge on lipid metabolism, but it's also kind of interwoven into the global metabolism of the tumor microenvironment. And so I think to me that this area is so far from, you know, or the questions being asked in regard to lipid metabolism and cancer are very far from being solved. And I think we need to continue to ask more questions using more sophisticated techniques to investigate just which way we should go in terms of improving therapeutic outcomes. Yes, I definitely wholeheartedly agree. And then I think that was a great dovetail with the area of my research and that we do have a lot of targeted therapies that are available, but they're not 100 percent applications. So some of the targeted therapies that are available, the patients that are stratified to be on those targeted therapies, only maybe about half of them do respond. And then these are the patients that supposedly have the favorable genetic predisposition to respond to these targeted therapies. So from my laboratories approach, that means that we have a lot of work to do. There's still a lot that we don't know about the signaling pathways that are that are aberrants and ovarian cancer. And then what are some of the opportunities for us to identify novel drug targets? But before we can identify novel drug targets, there's still a lot of work that we need to do to figure out what are some of the alterations that are occurring just on the basic fundamental molecular mechanism level. So for me, it was very exciting to really dig into the research and find out more about the role of lipid metabolism, the synthesis, the way the metabolism and conferring sensitivity or resistance to treatment. And also some of these lipids thinking about them from the perspective of them being prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. So really along the theme of we have targeted therapies, but they're not great. They're not efficient. They don't work for all patients. So there's really a lot of opportunity for us to study additional areas. And lipids is one of those areas. Right. And based on the work that my laboratory is interested in, we're actually looking to take kind of this basic understanding of how lipid metabolism is central to what we're now understanding is this alter metabolism within within the cancer disease state, but then also to find new models to investigate these things so that we can come up with new targets to kind of understand the interconnectedness of various protein, protein interactions and protein or gene environment interactions. And so for us to do that, my laboratory is now utilizing three dimensional bio printing to develop new models to ask questions of how these different cell types are interacting with each other in a three dimensional space and then manipulating the environment in which these cells are growing to show that how those two things, the cells in a three dimensional space and the environmental nutrient space interact with each other and how that impacts how therapies are received and the overall effect of those therapies on removing or eliminating tumors. Yeah. And then so for my research, we are our laboratory is predominantly based. We do take like a mass spectrometry based approach to most of our analysis. So we are really interested in deploying some discovery based studies and also some targeted based studies. So the way that that pipeline looks is we have an experimental model. So right now we have some cell lines that we're working with and also some patient derived Xenograph models that we're looking at. And we can look at differences in protein relative abundance. And then once we have some viable candidates, those candidates are then moved along the pipeline for the development and deployment of some targeted proteomic, math based proteomic assays to really figure out whether these changes are indeed correlating with disease stage. So in port, I think the final thing that we really want to make sure that we do before we close this out is to thank all of those that were involved in this work together, Dr. Thomas and I actually co mentored an undergraduate student who helped us put together this this manuscript by the name of Sally Chaudhury. So we definitely want to acknowledge her as well as both of our institutions for I think supporting the work that we do, because at one point we were at the same institution when we started this work, I was once at the University of Minnesota, along with Dr. Thomas. Yes, and yes, I don't think I have anything else to add on. Definitely, this was a great, great collaboration. I think there's a lot, a lot more that a lot of more work that needs to be done in the realm of ovarian cancer and liquid metabolism. Absolutely. And I think one other thing, I guess, an additional addendum is just to say that the experience that we have both had with publishing with Uncle Target thus far has been pretty smooth, especially compared to other other journals. I think the process is pretty straightforward and the review process is not too arduous to getting the information out there for the public to get a hold of and help to kind of broaden the knowledge base and help other researchers develop more interesting research questions and help move the entire field forward. Great. Yeah, thank you very much. Yeah, it's been a pleasure working with Dr. Simmons. He was one of the spearhead of this project and definitely thankful for the opportunity to be involved in this project and to really provide my laboratory with other opportunities for exploring other avenues of ovarian cancer.


Today, we're going to talk about the spinal cord. And I brought along my friend here to help tell you some of the salient features and to show you the spine in the real skeleton. So let's turn about and have an about face and look at the spinal spinous processes along the vertebra. And we're not going to go into the details about how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments there are because you've already learned that. What I want to emphasize is the relationship between the vertebra and the canal where the spinal cord runs. So let's put the brain back in our model here.  And what I want you to realize, I'm going to put this in front like this, is that the spinal cord comes down and ends right about here where my thumb is. At about L1. And below that you have these rootlets of the cauda equina that continue on down through the canal and inside the dural sac down into the sacral region. And then these roots, sensory and motor, emerge from the foramina that are along the vertebra or in the sacrum. And therefore if you're going to remove cerebral spinal fluid, you want to do it down fairly low at about L4, L3 and that region. So let's go now and look at a plastic model showing the roots. So here is a plastic model of the vertebral column with the pelvis attached. And while we're looking at the cervical region with the bones of the vertebra here, I want you to take note of the red vertebral artery on either side. The vertebral artery comes up through the foramina in the sides here of the cervical vertebra and then enters through the foramen magnum, that's this hole right here, to form the two vertebral arteries on the medulla and then join to form the basilar artery. When we talk about the vascular supply to the brain, it will be important to remember that this part of the circulatory system, the vertebral basilar contribution supplies the brainstem in the posterior fossa of the calvarium and is very important. Now to focus on the spinal cord, which is represented in green here, the cord is large in the cervical region where you have the cervical enlargement for the arms and hands, the appendages, and then it becomes a little more difficult to see as we drop down here. But as I move the cord laterally and lift it up, you can see that down in this region here, they've added the spinal nerve to each segment. And notice that the nerves come out between a notch in each of the vertebra. There's a dip in the bottom one and a disc-shaped semicircle in the upper one and together they make the intervertebral foramina through which the spinal nerve emerges. And sitting in this foramina, not demonstrated here, is the ganglion where the sensory cell bodies of the nerves carrying sensation are located. In between the vertebral bodies here on the anterior surface are the discs. These are the discs that so many people have moving in one direction or the other, herniating. They can herniate posteriorly, anteriorly, and as they move toward the central canal, they put pressure, I'll just pretend to herniate here, they put pressure on the spinal cord. And if they put pressure on the nerve here, then people have either pain or partial paralysis, or both. So the relationship between the vertebral column, the disc, the emergence of the nerves and the foramina through which they emerge is very important. Now let's look at a gross specimen of the spinal cord. So I have here six spinal cords laid out from rostral or near the cervical end to caudal near the sacral end on this tray. And the first thing I want to tell you is that the spinal cord does not come, cut into little pieces like this. This was in the process of the pathology review of the spinal cord, that the attending person cut it to look at it, to examine it for any pathology. So the spinal cord is not in segments, but is all connected like this. And these cut marks do not represent different spinal cord levels. They're totally arbitrary as if you were cutting salami for dinner. Now, let's look at the outside. Remember, the dura covers the outside of the spinal cord. And here on the outer surface, we see these bumps.  But these bumps, there should be a pair on the right and left sides at each level. Those are the dorsal root ganglia. These are where the spinal nerves are emerging on each side of the spinal column. So there is a pair of dorsal root ganglia. Now dorsal root ganglia, a ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system. These cell bodies have one process or axon that goes out to the periphery, to a sensory organ in the skin. And the axon then comes into the spinal cord to carry on and carry the information up the spinal cord toward the brain. Or there is a cell body in the spinal cord whose axon emerges in the spinal nerve and goes out to innervate the muscle. So the dorsal root ganglion is sensory. But passing through this region here are also the motor fibers. So we want to keep in mind that each of these represents a level. Now I can't tell you exactly where, but this is approximately one segment of the spinal cord. Let's say it's thoracic. And this would be thoracic one, thoracic two, thoracic three, approximately like that. This is the cervical region of a spinal cord where in the cervical region, so that the brainstem would be in this direction. And here on the dorsal surface you see a groove. And emerging in that groove are all these little rootlets. These are dorsal or sensory roots. You see all of these. All of these would be coming in over one spinal nerve. So on right and left sides you have the filaments or the rootlets of the dorsal side. Now if we turn it over, so that's sensory. Dorsal is sensory. Dorsal is also called posterior. And we use those terms interchangeably. So these are dorsal roots or posterior roots. And if we turn it over, it's harder to see on this side. But most of them have been torn off in the removal of the cord. But on this side you can see the ventral roots. These are coming out on the ventral surface. And they are motor fibers going out to muscles. Unfortunately, most of them are missing. Here we are in the cervical region. And let's magnify this as much as we can. So that I can show you that there is gray and white matter in the spinal cord, just as there was in the cerebral cortex or the brainstem. The white in the middle is the gray matter. It's backwards, I know. And the beige on the outside is the white matter. So the white matter is in the dorsal region or posterior region, in the lateral region, and in the anterior or ventral region. And the dorsal part of the cord was where the sensory fibers were coming in. And the ventral part of the cord is where the motor fibers were going out. And there is sort of a butterfly pattern. And at each level, this is the cervical level, so there's a lot of gray, or white in this case as it appears, cells because we have so many muscles to innovate in the hands and in the arm. If we look now, let's say, at the thoracic level, where all you have are a few intercostal muscles, then you can barely see, you can barely make out any neuronal regions, any of the white H or butterfly pattern. It's very, very difficult to see because there aren't very many neurons because we don't do very much with our intercostal muscles, unless maybe you're a belly dancer. And as we move down farther, down toward the sacral region and the lumbar region, then, because we have lots of muscles in our legs to be innervated, again, we have more of the white area, which is the gray or anterior horn and posterior horns as we call them because of the shape of this H and the dorsal or posterior is going to be sensory and the ventral or anterior is going to be motor. And then, finally, we get down to the very, very sacral region where it's almost all gray matter, it's almost all white. And you can see that we have a lot of cells that are involved in the innervation of the sacral region. This model of the spinal cord can show you things that we were not able to see in the growth specimen. However, it gives you an exaggeratedly large impression of the spinal cord and I wanted you to see how narrow and tenuous and delicate our spinal cord really is. So let's just recap very quickly. Let's focus on the upper model here because it shows us, first of all, a spinal nerve and this is the bulge of the dorsal root ganglion and here is the ventral roots coming and passing through and joining in the spinal nerve and here are the dorsal roots that are passing through with the cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglion. So this spinal nerve has sensory and motor fibers. The motor fibers are in the ventral or anterior roots and they are actually leaving. Their cell bodies are in the spinal cord. Remember, this part of the spinal cord has the cell bodies and the axons go out and they carry on out to the muscle or if they're autonomics, they're going out to the smooth muscle and these axons are dorsal roots. They are coming in and they are connecting in the gray matter here and forming tracts out here in the white matter. So we have tracts, anterior, lateral and posterior tracts. They're carrying information up and down the cord so they're going up and down and we have roots that are coming in at each level that are coming in laterally. So the superior or posterior part of the spinal cord, the gray matter here, is particularly sensory and the ventral part or anterior part is motor neurons and in between, of course, are other neurons that we will not focus on. So damage to this part of the cord would give you a paralysis of the muscles innervated by these axons and a compression of the roots here would give you a sensory loss for the segment or the dermatome of the body supplied by these axons. And so this is the segmental nature of the spinal cord. Each segment has a dorsal and ventral root. So this model really represents two segments of the spinal cord. Now, important in understanding the function of the spinal cord and in clinical testing is the fact that we have reflexes. A reflex is an automatic response to a sensory stimulus. So if a sensory stimulus comes in over this root and it makes connections with the nerve cell body in the anterior region here and those roots come out and go to a muscle, you have a reflex sensory in and motor out. And there is only one connection between the axon coming in, connecting with this neuron and this neuron coming out. That is what we call a monosynaptic reflex. One synapse, one transmission junction. And so they're very fast, they're very automatic, and they need no thinking.  So each segment of the spinal cord has a reflex associated with it and there are some reflexes that are more commonly tested than others. And that patella reflex is the most classic but they are all monosynaptic reflexes and they provide information about the level of the spinal cord and whether it's a sensory loss or a motor loss or both. And the absence and presence of reflex are very important clinical science, not only in the spinal cord but also we're going to see in the brain stem. Now to relate this model to a stained cross section of the spinal cord, this happens to be cervical spinal cord, just want you to see that many times in teaching neuroanatomy, the cord has been cut and it has been stained and we have special stains for the axonal myelin, the insulation of the axons that are carrying information over long distances. So the axons or the white matter, remember are on the outer part of the spinal cord and the cell bodies or the gray matter are on the inside of the spinal cord. And this is where we get this sort of classic H pattern or some people call it in some regions it looks more like a butterfly. So these are the cell bodies. So when we talk about a reflex, sensory information comes in, synapses on a neuron here, that neuron sends its axon out to the muscle and that's all there is to a simple monosynaptic reflex.