Good evening aspirants, before moving on to the discussion we have two important announcements on Wednesday that is on 11th of August 2021 we are live streaming science and technology current affairs for prelims 2021 and this session will be live from 2.30 to 5.00 p.m. and we also have another live current affairs session on Indian polity upto fundamental rights on Friday which is on 13th of August 2021 and the timing for that session will also be from 2.30 p.m. to 5.00 p.m. so please take note of the timing and make good use of the sessions for your prelims preparation so with this let us move on to today's hinder news analysis the list of news articles chosen for today's discussion has given below and they are provided with a page numbers of different editions and also the link for handwritten notes in pedia format and the time stamping of the discussed articles will be provided in the comments section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers so come let us move in to the first news article now look at this news article the intergovernmental panel on climate change or this IPCC's sixth assessment report titled the climate change 2021 the physical science basis has been released and this report throws light on the alarming adverse effects on the climate change so in this part of the discussion we shall be looking into what is this IPCC or the intergovernmental panel on climate change and also the highlights of the report we are actually discussing the highlights of the report because these highlights can be quoted in your mains answer as a value edition so come let us move into the discussion the syllabus covered by this article is given below see first let us begin by knowing about this IPCC or the intergovernmental panel on climate change see this IPCC is the body that was first formed in 1988 by the united nations environment program and the world meteorological organization see its first report was released in 1990 and it warned of the potential consequences of the rising greenhouse gas emissions and in fact this report later proved to be the key to forging of the UN framework convention on climate change two years later and as we know this united nations framework convention on climate change or the UN FCC is a parent treaty to the 2015 paris agreement so since then reports have been produced roughly every seven years and the latest one is its sixth report see the IPCC reports are also called as synthesis reports and these reports are a comprehensive assessment reports about the state of scientific technical as well as socioeconomic knowledge on climate change and these reports also cover the impacts and future risks and also the options for reducing the rate at which climate changes taking place so apart from this the IPCC also produces special reports on topics that are agreed to by its member countries and even methodology reports are also prepared and it provides guidelines for the preparation of greenhouse gas inventories and remember this IPCC has got around 195 member countries thereby making it a well represented body so by now we have a brief understanding on what this IPCC is so now let us look into the important findings of the report see the findings of the report have not been present and in fact it has set alarm bells ringing see the first and the India specific finding in the report is that the Indian ocean is warming at a higher rate when compared to other oceans see this phenomenon has got two implications one is through this scientists have warned that India will witness increased heat waves and flooding that is more rains with more severe rain can be expected in India especially over southern India according to the report and more worryingly these will be the irreversible effects of climate change now coming to the second implication see the second implication of the warming of Indian ocean is this that is a report says that the warming of the ocean would lead to a rise in sea levels which leads to frequent and severe coastal flooding in low level areas in India so with a 7517 kilometer coastline India would face significant threats from the rising seas and across the port cities of Chennai, Kochi, Kolkatta, Mumbai, Surat and Vishakapatnam 28.6 million people would be potentially exposed to this coastal flooding if at all the sea level rises by 50 centimeter so this is an alarming finding in the report so before we proceed let us quickly understand about the concept of sea level rise see what happens is when the temperature increases any substance happened to expand that is with an increase in temperature the molecules will move far away from each other and the same happens with ocean water also that is when the atmospheric temperature increases the sea water will expand so therefore this is the major factor that causes the sea level rise now apart from this another minor factor also plays a role in it that is the melting glaciers see in a global warming situation highs melts at a faster rate than usual and this melted water will eventually discharge itself into the sea so this also leads to the rising sea level so what happens is when sea level rises the coastal areas and the islands will get affected adversely so this is the underlying concept here and this report has brought this to our notice see apart from these findings it is also found that the monsoon extremes are apparently going to increase over India and South Asia and the models indicate a lengthening of the monsoon over India by the end of the 21st century so to conclude the report reminds us that unless extremely deep emission cuts are undertaken by all countries that too immediately the Paris goals are unlikely to be met so the report recommended that countries should strive to achieve net zero emissions that is to make sure that no additional greenhouse gases are emitted by 2050 so these are some of the takeaway points or the points that we need to have in mind in relation to this news article so now let's move on to the next news discussion our next news discussion is going to be based on this editorial article in this editorial article the author has discussed about the evolving nature of the Iran-Saudi relationship and the term detente in the title means the easing of strained relations between countries so the author here also describes on how there is a chance of easing the tensions between Iran and Saudi so in this discussion we are going to explore the evolving nature of the Iran-Saudi relationship especially since the time the British left the Persian Gulf in the 1970s and we will also discuss on the recent issues and development in this regard and then we will explore on how a stable Iran-Saudi relationship will ensure a stable middle east and we will also focus on how this in turn will ensure a stable global economy so the syllabus covered by this editorial article is highlighted below for your reference so let us start with understanding the geography and significance of the Persian Gulf see the Persian Gulf is a shallow marginal area of the Indian Ocean and this area lies between the Arabian Peninsula and the southwestern Iran and as you can see in the map it borders several important countries of the Middle East which includes Iran, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq and most importantly it also joins the strait of Hormuz see this strait of Hormuz connects the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman and for your additional information see a strait is a naturally formed narrow and typically navigable waterway and it connects two larger bodies of water so coming back the strait of Hormuz is only 54 kilometer wide at its narrowest point and the main shipping channels that pass through this are 30 to 35 kilometer wide and they are around 8 to 12 kilometer wide see this strait of Hormuz is important because it is critical to the transportation of crude oil and also the liquefied natural gas to various global markets now coming back to the Persian Gulf first let us understand the history of this Gulf see under the 1970s Persian Gulf was a British lake and after the British left the United States of America they came in as the guarantor of the region see this USA they came with its twin pillar policy that is the Iran-Saudi Arabia policy the time period then was the Cold War period and USA wanted to contain the Soviet Union's influence in the Persian Gulf so oil and regional security became the main drivers of the US policy in the Gulf but instead of directly intervening in the region like Britain what USA did is they opted for the twin pillar policy that is under this policy USA decided to build up its two regional allies and they were the Iran and Saudi Arabia see they chose Iran and Saudi Arabia because these two countries were local powers and on doing that USA believed that they could protect the region from the spread of Soviet influence so therefore as a part of the policy the United States of America they encouraged both the countries to acquire billions of dollars of the most advanced arms during the 1970 and it is said that Iran embraced the twin pillar policy more enthusiastically than Saudi Arabia and therefore Iran even started to intervene militarily in Iraq and Oman but this policy got collapsed suddenly in the 1979 and it happened when the Shah that is a king of Iran was overthrown in a revolution and that revolution brought a republican regime to power as opposed to USA's influence in the region so this is in brief the history of the Persian Gulf so now let us focus on the relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran themselves see many bilateral efforts were made by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia and the Shah of Iran for example King Faisal initiated his Islamic solidarity policy in 1964 and he even visited Iran in 1965 and then further in 1966 Saudis defense minister even described the Iranian-Saudi friendship as a perfect example of Islamic brotherhood and also the neighborly relations and apart from this the two states were also active members of the five power safari club for intelligence sharing and for your additional information this safari club was a covert alliance of intelligent services and it was formed in 1976 and this club ran clandestine operations around Africa at a time when the United States Congress had limited the power of the CIA and the formal members of this safari club were the pre-revolution Iran Egypt Saudi Arabia Morocco and France and the club maintained informal connections with the United States South Africa Rhodesia and Israel so in spite of being described as a perfect example of Islamic brotherhood and neighborly relations the relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia did not remain the same and even we saw that in the 1979 revolution that happened in Iran see it was a cultural revolution which disturbed the strategic balance of the region and one of the ground reasons for this is that the Gulf monarchies and the western allies have been aiming to destabilize the revolutionary government in Iran so this led to the creation of the Gulf Cooperation Council in the year 1981 and the main aim of this council was to tilt the balance of power in the Persian Gulf region to Saudi's favor and as you know the Gulf Cooperation Council is a regional inter-governmental political and economic union that consists of Bahrain Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and then we also saw that Iran started military interventions in Iraq see this happened with the approval of United States of America so this led to the Iran Iraqi war which continued from 1980 to 1988 but however after the war the tensions in the region began to subside after that Iran-Saudi relations started flourishing for example in 1996 Iranian president told the Saudi defense minister that a defense pact would be mutually beneficial for both countries and then in 1997 the crown prince of Saudi he even attended an Islamic summit conference in Tehran Tehran is the capital of Iran and this act of the crown prince of Saudi was seen in Tehran as a good beginning for removing misunderstandings between the two countries but then once again the relationship started starring after the Arab Spring of 2011 because at this time both Saudi as well as Iran were aiming for regional dominance so they exploited the upheavals that were caused due to Arab Spring in order to expand their influence and notably they started locking horns in the caves of Syria and Yemen say for example in Syria Iran supported Syrian president Balshar al-Assad and he enabled his forces to largely route the rebel groups in the country and the rebel groups were backed by the Saudi Arabia and above all these there exists a religious schism between the countries which is they follow one of the two main branches of Islam that is Iran is largely Shia Muslim while Saudi Arabia sees itself as a leading Sani Muslim power so the issues between these countries influenced the geopolitics of the region but however in recent times the things are changing and mainly since the pandemic hit the COVID-19 lockdowns and temporary export import embargoes resulted in the drop in oil prices and before this itself Saudi boycotted Qatar from the Gulf Cooperation Council so this made the organization inoperative and then with the end of the Donald Trump era in the United States of America Saudi also doesn't enjoy the influence in Washington like it used to do so further the Abraham Accords between the Israel United Arab Emirates and the Bahrain has also given new dimension to the geopolitics of the region and finally the United States of America's decision to pull out its troops from the Afghanistan and to reduce its commitment to Iraq has also added a new security dimension to the region so this is the existing or the prevailing scenario so having done with the existing scenario now we are going to see on how important is this Persian Gulf and its stability to India see the Persian Gulf and its stability is quite important to India because India has a third largest crude oil importing country so therefore the stability in the region and a stable price is of foremost importance to India secondly India has a huge expatriate population in the Gulf region so this means the stability in the region ensures the safety of the Indian population there and thirdly the Gulf region is diversifying its economy so India with its expertise in renewable energy can view the region as a potential investment option and apart from these reasons see in the recent past Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates they have not adopted hostile posture to India's domestic developments such as removing the special status for Jammu and Kashmir under article 370 so this brings to light that the Gulf countries are eager to build a strong and independent political ties with India without getting affected by the India Pakistan relations so what is the way forward for the region owing to its strategic importance see the first and foremost comes the stability in the region see the stability in the region is critical or it is important to the economic health of the world so therefore measures should be taken to ensure that secondly Iran Saudi back channel talks that began in April are now an open secret so therefore they are poised to produce a symbolic breakthrough in the coming days and then efforts should be made to ensure freedom of access to and outlet from the Gulf waters through the straight of hormones and there should be freedom of commercial shipping in international waters in the Persian Gulf etc and apart from these efforts should also be made to reduce the external influence that stands detrimental to peace building measures in the region so to conclude with the U.S. shifting focus to Indo-Pacific and with the possible new stable relationship between Iran and Saudi the geopolitics of this region might be a focused region for UPSC exam both in prelims as well as in mains so in relation to prelims the focus might be on the map making part and with respect to mains the focus might be on how India balances between Iran and U.S. and it can also be in the light of India's role in the Middle East with the U.S. pullout from Afghanistan so with this we have come to the end of this editorial discussion now let's move on to the next news article let us take up this news article the news article reports that talasemia patients are not getting the drug they need so in this context we are going to see about this talasemia see the talasemia is a blood disorder that is passed down through families or in other words you can also say that it is an inherited disorder know that this disorder is the most common inherited blood condition in the world and this condition is caused by the changes to the genes for hemoglobin and for those who are not aware see hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells and this carries oxygen around the body now this oxygen is important because it is a sort of food that is used by the cells to function so now what happens is in talasemia the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin or a kind of inadequate amount of hemoglobin so when there isn't enough hemoglobin what happens is the body's red blood cells will not function properly and they will only last for shorter periods of time so therefore due to this there are only fewer healthy red blood cells traveling in the bloodstream now when there are not enough healthy red blood cells then there is also not enough oxygen delivered to all the other cells of the body and if that happens then it causes a person a feeling of tiredness weakness or shortage of breath to the person and this condition is called as anemia so this means that talasemia leads to mild or severe anemia note that severe anemia can damage organs and it can also lead to death so by now we have an understanding about the disorder so now let us move on to see as to who gets affected with this talasemia disorder see this condition can affect people of any nationality and ethnicity but it is particularly common in people of mediterranean ancestry and it is also found in people from middle east asia including india and latin america know that talasemia is usually diagnosed within the first six months of life and without ongoing treatment it can also happen to be fatal in early childhood note that there are different types of talasemia as hemoglobin is made of two proteins namely alpha globin and beta globin know that this talasemia generally occurs when there is a defect in a gene that helps to control the production of one of these proteins so based on this the types are alpha and beta remember alpha talasemia occurs when a gene or genes related to the alpha globin protein are missing or changed or in simple terms when it is mutated and when you take beta talasemia it occurs when similar gene defects affect the production of the beta globin protein so these are the types see know that there are also many other forms of talasemia and both alpha and beta talasemia includes two forms and they are the talasemia major and the talasemia minor so as we already saw talasemia is an inherited disorder so to develop talasemia major one must inherit the gene defect from both parents and to develop talasemia minor it is enough if they receive the faulty gene from only one parent so note that people with talasemia minor are the carriers of the disease and most of the time they do not have symptoms and in fact according to the WHO around 5 to 7 percent of the world's population have this talasemia minor see one good thing about this disorder is that fortunately treatment exists for this disorder and the treatment for talasemia major often involves regular blood transfusions and folate supplements and for your information a folate is a nutrient in the vitamin b complex that the body needs in small amount in order to function and stay healthy and this folate actually helps to make the red blood cells know that those people who receive a lot of blood transfusions they need a treatment called chelation therapy and this chelation therapy is done in order to remove the excess iron from the body see when blood transfusions are done it can actually lead to a buildup of iron and this can cause serious side effects including diabetes, heart failure and also liver disease so therefore medications called iron chelators are provided in order to remove this excess iron from the body and note that these iron chelation drugs are provided free of cost in India at the designated government hospitals and today's news is something related to this see the news says that the non availability of these drugs is an issue coming back please remember there is no cure for this talasemia major which means the treatment must continue for life so and other than this the bone marrow transplant is also a treatment that is used in some people especially children so these are some of the problems related facts that you need to have in mind whenever you read about talasemia so now with these points in our mind let's move on to the next discussion now look at this news article the news is that nabad has been supporting the weavers of karnataka and on that line it is joining hands with the state government and in those lines weaver clusters are being set up and it is also hosting a marketing initiative in north america for the weavers so through this article let us quickly refresh our learnings about nabad see nabad is an important aspect for the preliminary exam so pay attention see the importance of institutional credit in boosting rural economy has been clear to the government of india right from its early stages of planning so to understand this see farmers resort to borrowing from local money lenders and what these local money lenders do is they charge them with exorbitant interest so even the transactions are not made transparent so the farmers and the rural borrowers fall into a debt trap and this adversely impacts the rural economy and livelihood so therefore in order to mainstream and formalize the credit disposal the reserve bank of india they constituted a committee and it was a committee to review the arrangements for institutional credit for agriculture and rural development see this particular committee was formed in the year 1979 and it was formed under the chairmanship of shri b sivaraman and in its recommendations the committee recommended for the formation of a unique development financial institution which is designed in a way to address the credit needs of rural farmers and others so on those lines the national bank for agriculture and rural development which is shortly known as nabad was established in 1982 by an act of the parliament see this nabad it came into existence by transferring the agricultural credit functions of the reserve bank of india and it was also vested with the refinance functions of the then agricultural refinance and development corporation and remember that nabad was set up with an initial capital of just rupees hundred crores but its paid capital was around 14 000 crore as on march 31st 2020 so with this you can imagine the growth of this financial institution over years see initially and all it was in fully government owned but after the revision in the composition of share capital between the government of india and the reserve bank of india the nabad today is fully owned by the government of india know that this nabad is a development bank that is it is specific functions to bring about some perceptible development to certain sections in the society so this is mandated for providing and regulating credit and other facilities for the promotion and development of agriculture small-scale industries cottage and handicrafts and it will also be extended to other rural crafts and other elite economic activities in rural areas so basically the aim of nabad is to promote integral rural development and also to secure prosperity of rural areas and for your information one of the most important function that nabad has been performing is this see this nabad in order to address the impact of climate change it created the climate change fund out of the profit of nabad during the year 2016 to 2017 and since then nabad contributes annually from its profits towards the corpus of this fund and know that this institution of the climate change fund is an unique initiative of nabad as a development financial institution to foster sustainable development and apart from this some of the farm sector scheme in which nabad is a partner is the daily entrepreneurship development scheme and then we have the commercial production units of organic inputs and next the agri-clinic and agribusiness the national livestock mission etc apart from these the other schemes in which nabad is a partner are the interest subvention scheme and the new agricultural marketing infrastructure scheme see in addition to these nabad is also a developmental partner in several of farm sector schemes as well and examples for them are the credit linked capital subsidy scheme for technology upgradation of micro and small enterprises then the dindayal anthiyodaya yochana the national rural livelihoods mission and also the comprehensive and looms development scheme etc just roughly go through the scheme so that you can identify them from the prelims paper now we are going to discuss this news article the article reports about the death of Commodore Gopal Rao who was a 1971 war hero and also a recipient of the Mahavir chakra which is India's second highest military declaration see he was also the commander of two Arnala class anti-submarine corvettes namely the INS Kiltan and the INS Kachal see these two are important because they were a part of the task group that attacked Karachi harbor during the operation Trident on December 4 in the year 1971 and note that this date that is December 4 1971 is now marked as the navy day so in this context let us discuss in brief about the Indo-Pakistani war of the year 1971 and also about the operation Trident see see after the partition in 1947 Pakistan had two parts one in the east and one in the west and the capital of Pakistan was at Karachi in west Pakistan and it was later moved to Islamabad in the year 1958 see despite east Pakistan having the largest population among all the provinces he did comparatively less economic growth and also political power so what happened is Sheikh Mujabi Rahman who was a leader of the awami league in east Pakistan they demanded more economic and political powers and also there was a language issue prevailing among them so in 1948 Muhammad Ali Jinnah stated that Urdu was the official language for Pakistan so this resulted in a protest that erupted in Bangladesh speaking east Pakistan and it resulted in the killing of several students in the year 1952 so later in 1971 the awami league they won a landslide victory in the national elections in the national assembly Sheikh Mujabi Rahman who was the leader of the awami league in east Pakistan was not made the prime minister of Pakistan so what happened on March 26 in 1971 the people of east Pakistan that was led by Sheikh Mujabi Rahman they declared independence and the war between the Pakistan army and the Bengali freedom fighters called the Mukti Bahini was a part of this so during the war India gave shelter to the refugees and they also trained the Mukti Bahini and following that finally on 16th of December in the year 1971 Dhaka fell into the hands of Mitro Bahini who were the elite forces of the Mukti Bahini and the Indian army and following this the agreement was signed by Prime Minister Indra Gandhi and the President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan in the year 1972 in order to reverse the consequences of the 1971 war so this is a brief description or a brief account of the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war so having done that finally let us discuss about the Operation Trident see every year India celebrates December 4 as Navy Day in order to commemorate Operation Trident see Operation Trident was a key offensive during the 1971 India-Pakistan war wherein the Indian Navy inflicted heavy damage on Pakistani vessels than the Karachi harbour see the India-Pakistan war of 1971 had begun on December 3 and it started when the Pakistan Air Force launched pre-emptive strikes on airfields in western India and India responded to it through this Operation Trident and under this the Indian Navy sank around three vessels near the Pakistani port city of Karachi and the stars of the mission whether than recently acquired Soviet OSHA missile boats and the Indian Air Force also played a crucial role during the Operation Trident when Karachi's Kimari oil tanks were destroyed by the Indian Air Force so this is a brief description or a brief background which the news article demands us to know so by now we have come to the end of today's article discussion now let us move on to the next segment of our inter-news analysis that is the prelims practice question discussion look at this prelims practice question which of the following statements is incorrect with reference to thalassemia statement one it is an inherited blood disorder common in people of Mediterranean ancestry statement b it causes mild or severe anemia and statement c there is no treatment or cure exist for thalassemia major and statement d signifies both a and b see statement a is correct because thalassemia is particularly common in people of Mediterranean ancestry but now what happened is due to migration it is spread throughout the world and can be majorly found in Middle East Asia and Latin America and coming to the second statement as we saw in a discussion thalassemia causes mild or severe anemia so statement b is correct now moving on to the third statement or the statement c see this statement is incorrect because treatment do exist for thalassemia and as we saw the blood transfusion and chelation therapy are some of the treatments in this regard but the only concern here is in spite of having treatments there is no cure so this statement is partially true and partially false so since the question wants us to find only the false statement the correct answer here is option c which says that there is no treatment of cure exist for thalassemia major now look at this question consider the following statements regarding the climate change fund statement one says that the climate change fund was created out of the profit of nabad and statement two says that nabad contributes annually from its profit towards the corpus of the fund so which of the statements given above is or are correct see from our discussion it is clear that statement one is correct and yes it is created out of the profit of nabad now coming to the second statement so based on our discussion we can infer that this statement is also correct see these two statements are a direct pick from the website of nabad usually such direct picks are a common trend in UPSC so keep that in mind while starting our revising so the right answer here is option c that is both 1 and 2 now coming to this question operation trident a military offensive recently seen in news is related to india and pakistan afghanistan and pakistan india and china israel and saudi arabia so from our discussion it is very clear that the correct answer here is option a that is india and pakistan see under operation trident indian navy vessels fired anti ship missiles heavily damaging the pakistan's karachi port and the pakistan navy suffered huge gas as a result of the operations by the indian navy in the early hearts of the 1971 war and this event was followed by the operation python see the list of main's practice question is given below so interested candidates can write your answers and post them in the comment section so with this we have come to the end of today's hinder news analysis and if you've liked the video then don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankar eyes academy youtube channel for more updates regarding UPSC civil services preparation


The Equitable Life Assurance Society presents This Is Your FBI. This Is Your FBI. The official broadcast from the Files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation presented as a public service by the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community. At the beginning of the new year, there are few fathers who don't pause to reflect on the 12 months that have gone by to make plans for the future. Plans that will promote the happiness of those they love. That's why so many fathers pick January as the time to increase their family's protection with the Equitable Life Assurance Society. Yes, the finest New Year's resolution of all is this. Resolve to give your family increased security through life insurance. Then keep that resolution by getting in touch with your Equitable Society representative tomorrow. Tonight's FBI file, The Souvenir Gun. It is a fact certified by history that after every war, there has been an increase in crime. It is not a fact, however, that the new criminals are a result of the practice which the army and navy gave our younger generation in the art of murder. The hoodlums who are swelling the files of police departments all over the country are hoodlums because of circumstances. War time is a period of loose morals and easy money, a set of conditions which suits the criminal to perfection. Let us therefore stop pointing at the armed forces and blaming them for our current troubles. Let us stop finding reasons for the crime wave and start finding cure. The night's file opens in a clearing near a small cabin located in the hill country of one of our mid-western states. A man is standing in this clearing firing a pistol at a string of tin cans that are propped on a fallen log. Oh, hi, Evie. What's this? Not bad, huh? No. This is that German luger I bought from a guy. I ain't missed one of them tin cans in the last 20 shots. Why should you? You've been practicing every day for the past two weeks. That sounds like a beef. It is. It's a matter, Evie. You really want to hear it? Sure. I'm bored. Bored stiff. Well, it looks sweet, huh? There's no law that says you got to stick around. Oh, Jack, this has nothing to do with you and me. Well? I just can't take this way we're living. Now, look, Evie, I told you why we... I know. You had to lay low for a while, so we hole up here in the woods. But what happened to the rest of the things you told me? What do you mean? About what a big guy you were going to be. I am going to be a big guy. The biggest. That's why I'm taking my time. I don't get it. Look, Evie, I'll lay it all out for you just once more. There's lots of different ways of making a living with a gun. Up to now, everybody, even Dillinger, has always made one mistake. That's what's licked them. I ain't making that mistake. What's that got to do with us staying up here in this broken down place? Gives me a chance to practice and think. How much longer does it go on? I'm doing a job tomorrow. You are? Where? In town. Then we're leaving here? I am. You're not. What? This is just a small touch sort of a practice. We don't make a big move yet. Look, Jack, I can't take much more of this. You want to call it quits? No. All right, then we do it my way. Now watch me pop off that little tin can on the end. That's right. I'm Detective Sergeant Craft. Oh, hello there. Hello. I heard about you. Oh, I just ended to see your agent in charge. He told me to talk to you. I'll swap. I'll pull up a chair. Thanks. Case came into headquarters this afternoon. There's an FBI angle in it. That's why I'm here. What's it about, Sergeant? A stick up in a building over on State Street. Yes. Messenger carrying an envelope containing money and securities was way laid right outside his office. I see. Armed man forced him into a self-service elevator, took him down the basement, tied him up, made a clean getaway. How much cash was in the envelope? A little over $1,000. What's our angle, Sergeant? It was every indication that the robbers skipped across the state line. Oh, I see. Messenger, did you give you a description of this man? Mm-hmm. I have it here. We've already sent out an alarm on him. Good. Now, is there anything else I should know about? Yeah, we have two good leads. Oh, what are they? Well, a weapon the holed-up man used was a German Luger. Messenger knows guns. He recognizes them. Another souvenir gun? Yeah, it looks that way. We also found the Messenger's envelope in a trash barrel in the basement. It was empty, of course, but there were several fingerprints on it. Can we get us it? You already have them. Oh. They're on the way to your lab right now. Well, Sergeant, let me assemble all these facts on paper, then we'll go to work. Good morning, Evie. I didn't know you were back. You got in late last night. Why didn't you wake me up? I didn't want to disturb you. Oh, I wish you had. I was worried. What about? Well, a job. How'd it go? Well, how'd you expect? It went fine. How much did you get? Oh, about a thousand cash. Well... A few securities. You got rid of them, just kept the cash. Baby, you can pack your things. We're getting out of here? Yep, we're moving into town. Oh, wonderful. I got us a suite of rooms in a good hotel. Jack, a suite? Wait till you see it. Real class. I spent our last hundred bucks for it. Our last hundred? I thought you got a thousand on the job. I did. Well, where's the other nine hundred? I loaned it to a guy. You what? That's why I did the job. You pulled a stick up so you could loan somebody else the money? That's right.  No, no, it's like an investment. Oh, brother. Wait a minute.  The guy's coming around to the hotel to see us tonight. You'll find out then how good an investment I made. Baby? Yeah, honey?  Only temporarily. Oh, after two months of bathing in that mountain stream, I'm gonna live in a bathtub. Look, honey, that guy's on his way up. Oh, you mean the one you loaned the money to? Yeah, I want you to meet him. Oh. Hey, there he is now. Come on. Well, I find out why you made the investment. Mm-hmm. Just a minute. Hello, Jack. Hi, Ray. Come on in. Thanks. Ray, I can meet the wife. Honey, Ray Nelson. Howdy there. Hello. Oh, and this happened, Jack. Getting married? Yeah, a couple of months ago. Well, congratulations. Thanks. Sit down. Okay. Can I fix your drink, Mr. Nelson? No, thanks. Ray, I'll tell you why I asked you to drop over. It's about that dough I loaned you. The 900? Uh-huh. Well, something's come up that sort of puts the squeeze on me. I'm gonna have to take it back. What? Sorry. What? You just gave it to me last night. I know. You also knew that I had to use it to pay off a guy. I ain't got it, Jack. Oh, that's bad. Oh, when you gave me the dough, you said I could keep it as long as I like.  Jack, I just ain't got it. Mm-hmm. Well, in that case, maybe you can pay me back another way. How do you mean? Do a job with me. What kind of a job? I know where there's a safe that's loaded with dough. It's a real soft touch. No dice. Boston safe is your business. What do you mean? I retire. And big jobs are too tough. This one's a cinch. It's a roadhouse just outside of town. I've cased the setup. I got the whole thing planned. Jack, I just can't do it. Is that the answer I gave you when you wanted to borrow the dough? Is it? No. And why don't you return the favor? Okay. That's better. Evie. Yeah, honey. You make that drink now. Okay. I'll drink to a good investment. Can I come in, Jim? Yes, come ahead, Sergeant. I got your message. Ask me to drop over. As we received a report on those fingerprints. The ones on the messenger's envelope? That's right. They belonged to a man named John Belmont, also known as Jack Belmont. Belmont? Mm-hmm. Never heard of him. Did he have a criminal record? He's wanted by the United States Army. He deserted over two years ago. Oh, yeah. We've had no report on him since. Must have been hiding out. Now that the war is over, he figured the heat was off, huh? Probably. How did you get the report back from Washington so fast? By teletype. Oh, by the way, he deserted from this district. I see. Anything else on him? All mostly routine stuff. There's one note here, however, that states he's an expert shot. Did he serve overseas? No. I wonder where he picked up the loot. He didn't have to go overseas to get that. No. Unfortunately, too many guns brought back as souvenirs are getting into the hands of men like Belmont. Yeah. Well, there's the story, Sergeant. But it still doesn't bring us any closer to apprehending him. That's true. One thing is certain. If he's come out of hiding, he'll undoubtedly attend another job. We've got to pick him up before he does. Okay, let's go inside. What about the car? We leave it here. Right in front of the roadhouse? I gave the doorman a fin. Tell him we didn't want to get all jammed up back in the parking lot. Let's go. Now you know the setup. Once we're inside, we head to the manager's office. Right. It's an old safe. You should crack it no time at all. Uh-huh. Here we are. Go ahead, honey. Great. Thanks. Okay. We head right down here past the bar. Come on. This is a real nice place. Mm-hmm. Maybe we could stay a while. Yeah, that'd be great. That's the manager's office right ahead. Yeah. Maybe you wait here right outside the store. Okay. We're going in. What do you want? We've got something for you, mister. Huh? This. There's a safe, Ray. Uh-huh. How's it look to you? Soft touch. You got the soup? Yeah, right here. How long will it take? Just a couple of minutes, but it'll be noisy. I'll cover that. You get to work. Right. Everything okay? Naturally. What do we do now? You and me are going to have a little dance. What? Come on. Let's get out on the floor.  Come on. We ain't done this in a long time. No. Let's dance over by the dance dance. Why? I want to talk to the leader. What for? I had a request for him. Oh, Jack. Honey, fellas, lead, girls follow. Hello, mister. Yes? I got a request for you. I'll be glad to play it. What's the tune? Oh, no special tune. Just so long as it's loud. Sorry, that's for squares. So is this. What? Don't rumble, mister. You do as I say. I'll keep the gun right under my coat. Now play loud. Feed it out for his loud. Come on. Can I in that door for Nelson, honey? No. Can't you play any louder? More fresh, boys. Feed it out. OK. Keep it that way. Just to take it down. Down, boys. Keep it that way till we get out of here. Thanks for the content. We will return in just a moment to tonight's file, which shows how the FBI brings to justice these criminals who have succeeded in pulling the wool over the eyes of honest citizens. Now, a word about men who pull the wool over their own eyes. I'm thinking particularly of many, many fathers in this country. In the back of their minds, they know there's a question they ought to ask themselves. But they keep dodging that question. They refuse to ask themselves. If I should die, how would my family get through the critical years before our youngest child finished high school? How long would my wife and children continue to be well fed, well housed and well clothed? Please don't say to yourself, oh, I guess they'd get along all right. That's pulling the wool over your eyes again. What you're after now is a true and honest answer. To help you get it, the Equitable Life Assurance Society has prepared a special fact-facing chart which has these three advantages. First, its simplicity itself. You can fill it out in five minutes flat. Second, you are guided every step of the way by easy to understand pictures which illustrate the unavoidable expenses your family will have to meet. Third, when you're finished with this fact-facing chart, you'll have a clear, accurate and complete picture of just what income your family would need during the critical years.  How about telling me where to get this fact-facing chart and how much it'll cost? Why it doesn't cost a cent, the Equitable Society representative in your community will be glad to bring you a copy of this chart. Phone him tomorrow or send a postcard care of this station to the Equitable Society. That's E-Q-U-I-T-A-B-L-E. The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. And now back to the FBI file, the souvenir gun. Because we are a nation of collectors and souvenir hunters, almost every member of the armed forces brought back something to show the folks at home, something to identify him even more than the uniform with the specific victories in his theater of the war. Many of those souvenirs were foreign weapons, weapons which ranged from single-shot pistols to Japanese machine guns, which had been used to kill. Now, with the war over, those weapons are falling into strange hands and being used again as instruments of murder. Now to protect yourselves, your FBI asks those of you who have possession of souvenir weapons to comply with all laws where required and have them registered if you have not already done so. By doing that, you'll be doing your part in fighting the crime wave. The night's file continues. Several hours have passed since the daring Roadhouse holdup. Detective Sergeant Grant is paying a late evening call at the apartment of FBI Special Agent Jim Taylor. Well, Jim, I hope I didn't wake you up. Not at all, Sergeant. I was reading. Good. What's on your mind? Well, I've just come from investigating a holdup at a Roadhouse out on Route 16. Yes? Their safe was cracked open. Over $12,000 was taken. I think the man who engineered the job was our friend Jack Belmont. Really? Yes. Pretty clever job, too. What are the details? Well, two men entered the manager's office before he could call for help.  He inscribed the men just sketchily, but he caught a glimpse of the gun. Oh? He's certain it was a German Luger. Is that what makes you think it's Belmont? No, no. We have more than that. One of the men went back into the club. He and a girl went on the dance floor, threatened the orchestra leader with a gun, made him play loudly to cover up the noise of the safe being cracked. It was clever. From the description the orchestra leader gave us, the man who threatened him was Belmont. And a girl working with him, too, what? Evidently, yes. Now, Jim, I know this job doesn't come under your jurisdiction, but... We still want Belmont. Wait till I get some clothes on, Sergeant. I'd like to go back with you to that roadhouse. Evie, what time is it? What? I said, what time is it? Oh, it's almost eight o'clock. Are you sleeping? Uh-uh. Just dreaming. What do you mean? A beautiful white bathtub back at the hotel. Oh. Jack, why'd we have to come back to this broken-down cabin? To meet Ray Nelson. Why couldn't he come to the hotel like he did before? Much better meeting him here. When's he coming? He'll do it at eight o'clock. You gonna plan another job? Nope. Aren't you working with him anymore? No. Why not? Honey, I told you before, the plan of operation in this business is to profit by other guy's mistakes. So? So, the first thing I scratch is partners. They liable to get nailed and talked. That's how other guys get trapped. Eventually, somebody working for them blows a whistle. Oh, you gonna work alone now? Not necessarily, but I'm just picking one partner at a time. When we do the job, then I get another one. Honey, aren't those ex-partners liable to talk? Not the way I'm handling it. What do you mean? You'll see. Yeah? Hey, Jack. Hi, Ray. Come on in. Oh, thanks. Hi, Mrs. Belvin. Hello. This is really a high night you got here. Have any trouble finding it? Not with the directions you gave me.  Where's your car? Not the foot of the hill. Look, Jack, I can't stay very long, so let's cut up the dough, shall we? Ray, I'm afraid I got bad news for you. What? You ain't cutting in on that job. Huh? I'm keeping the whole thing. You mean you made me come all the way out here? The trip wasn't wasted. Wait a minute. Put that gun away. Sorry, Ray. That's how you handle ex-partners, baby. Now we'll take him down to the river, tie some weights on him, and he can have one of them bears you were beefing about. I heard him. When was he picked up? Early this morning. He was moved right here in the morning. Look at the coronary. He's been dead less than 48 hours. Where was the body found? Near the municipal docks. Bullet wound in the temple. Yeah, he was obviously dead before he landed in the river. You say his name is Nelson? Yeah, Ray Nelson. How did you link him with Jack Belmont? Well, a bullet in his head was found to have been fired from a German luger. So we took a chance, called in the manager, that roadhouse, look at the body. And he identified him as the other man? Right. The Belmont evidently double-crossed his own partner. Looks that way. Find anything in his pockets? Yes, his possessions are right here. Anything in his special interest? Oh, just this card of matches. Thanks. Some writing on the inside flap. Two traffic lights turn left. One traffic light turn right. Highway nine and seven tenths tomorrow. Left one and six tenths tomorrow. Cabin, top of hill. White set of road. What do you make of it, Jim? Find out where this man lives. Yeah, right here in the city. Well, Sergeant, it's possible these are directions to a place that Belmont is using as a hideout. This man Nelson could have gone out there, been killed and dumped in the river. But his body was found right here in town. Yes, I know. But there's a pretty swift current in the river this time of year. He could have been dumped in from any place upstream. Jim, if you're right, these directions should lead us right to them. No, I'm afraid it's not that easy. We don't know where Belmont was when he wrote these directions down. Sergeant, do you know if Nelson had a job of any kind? He had a part-time job in a pool room. Well, then there are three places we know of where he could have been when he took down these directions. His home, the pool room or the roadhouse. Right. Why don't you call headquarters? Give them these directions. See if they'll send out squad cars from all three locations. Okay. And we'll hop over there and wait for the results. Jim. Yes, Sergeant? First squad cars reported. One that left in Nelson's house? Yeah. Any luck? No, it led them to the State University. Well, we'll just have to wait for the next one. Here's a report on the second car, Jim. One that left in the pool room. Yeah, they drew a blank, too. What happened? Took him to the main street of Centerville. Just one more to go. I know. Let's keep our fingers crossed. Now, Jim or Punch didn't work out? Third car checked in? Yeah, they didn't find a thing either. Let's see those matches again. Here. He gave them the right directions. I thought so. Hey, wait a minute. What? Why didn't I think of this before? Come on, Sergeant, this time we'll make the trip. Yeah, honey? Will you stop shooting? What's the matter, baby? I can't stand it anymore. I can't stand this place. Look, are you going to start that again? Why can't we leave?  That's all we ever do. Now, wait a minute. We got 12,000 on that last job, didn't we? Well, what good does it do us? What good is stealing money if we're going to spend the rest of our life hiding out? Why can't we have fun with it? Evie, I told you I'm running this show. Then you can keep it. What do you mean? I'm getting out. I mean it. I'm sick and tired of all this. Wait a minute. Look down the hill. What? There's a car parked down there. Where'd it come from? I don't know, but I'm going to find out. Where you are, Billman. What? Look down that gun. Not a chance, Mr. I've done some target practice myself, Billman. Who are you? I'm the general agent of the FBI. How'd you get here? We got the directions from the pocket of a man named Nelson. He's dead. We found his body.  Name is here on the matches. Joe's Bar and Grill.  Jack Billman was turned over to the local authorities and convicted of first degree murder. He was sentenced to be executed. His wife, Eve Belmont, was sentenced to life imprisonment. This file was closed successfully by your FBI and the local police department of the city in which the crime occurred. In that respect, this case resembles many others. Cases on which your FBI worked long and hard, but on which they could not have been successful if it had not been for the cooperation of the local police department. Your FBI is very proud of its reputation, but it wishes to acknowledge now what it has repeated in the past. Your local police represent your first line of defense against crime. In just a moment, we will tell you about next week's exciting case from the files of your FBI. When the breadwinner of a family dies, what are the critical years for his wife and children? The critical years are the years before the youngest child finishes high school, years in which the home must be kept together. To help you estimate just what income your family would need during those critical years, the Equitable Life Assurance Society has prepared a special fact-facing chart for fathers. Your Equitable Society representative will be glad to bring you a copy of this fact-facing chart. Phone him tomorrow or send a postcard care of this station to the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. Next week, we will bring you another colorful story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The sunshine swindler. The incidents used in tonight's Equitable Life Assurance Society's broadcast are adapted from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. However, all names used are fictitious, and any similarity thereafter of persons living or dead is accidental. Tonight, the music was composed and conducted by Frederick Steiner. Your narrator was Dean Carlton. This is your FBI is a Jerry Divine production. This is Milton Cross speaking for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States and the Equitable Society's representative in your community, and inviting you to tune in again next week at this same time, the Equitable Life Assurance Society will bring you another thrilling story from the files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The sunshine swindler on This Is Your FBI. This is ABC, the American Broadcasting Company.


Hello, welcome to RF guidelines for STM32WB session. Watching this video you get basic information about the needs and design of RF circuit for STM32WB. These are frequently asked questions about correct design respecting standards compliance. In this part we will show what the RF part of STM32WB consists of and we will explain function of each block. This is described in the schematic. The RF part of STM32WB consists of these blocks. The chip consists of whole transceiver that ends with ballon so it has only one RF output that incorporates transmitter and receiver. It is as simple as possible to ease the hardware implementation. It is followed by a few components that is not able to integrate into chip. It is matching network that serves for matching output of the chip to the input of the filter. The filter suppresses an unwanted signal comes from the chip or into the chip. It can be low pass or band pass. Low pass filter has advantage in lower insertion loss. The standard filter should be matched to the output of the chip otherwise the transmission characteristic of the filter would be influenced by wrong impedance. This matching network should be as close as possible to the chip. It is followed by further matching network due to matching output of the filter to the antenna. Antenna is the most sensitive part of RF path. Antenna's performance and parameters depend on surroundings, proximity of the metal or absorptive materials. The antenna should be matched in operational state. In these conditions the antenna has certain reflection coefficient and the matching network has to respect its impedance. Now we show this RF path in real implementation on the application board MBE1355C. Significant parts of the schematic described in the following slides are based on this board. Dimension schematic represents the RF path of nuclear board. The RF output can be routed to the printed antenna if C35 is soldered or to the SMA connector if C38 is soldered. Note that the SMA connector is not mounted by default. The capacitors C35 and C38 are not necessary in your application. These serve as switch of the output path. If you want to preserve this switch in your application just to verify that it hasn't impact on RF performance, for example filtering, sometimes the connector is useful for measuring testing or for certification process. As we mentioned, the STN32WB requires a filter between its output and the antenna to ensure that its transmitted harmonics are compliant with the FCC regulation. Clearing rejections has to be fulfilled for passing the certification process. These are quite strict therefore you have to care about well performed matching and filter selection. The integrated filter on nuclear board is a band pass filter more selective than the low pass filter. Thanks to this filter it is possible to use the nuclear board in an environment more disturbed by neighbor communication bands in presence of higher insertion loss. Now we will note another important part of design. The STN32WB incorporates the switch mode power supply operation. There are several requirements for components and way of using. If you will use this SMPS function you have to care about right selection of components and their correct placement. We will focus on layout in detail in second part of this video. The inductor L1 should be selected as 10 microhenry associated with a bulk capacitor or 4.7 microfarad for 4 MHz operation. If you choose 8 MHz operation then the inductor L1 should be selected as 2.2 microhenry. The bulk capacitor 4.7 microfarad remains the same. It allows a smaller footprint especially very low profile inductor. For all packages it is advised to add an extra 10 nanohenry inductor L2 in series with the 10 microhenry or 2.2 microhenry 1. This is needed to filter the RF harmonics that can degrade the receiver performance. Always you should check if the SMPS frequency isn't in high levels in the output spectrum. You will find them in 8 or 4 MHz from the center frequency. In this part we will deal with crucial components of the RF system, of their selection and correct placement. So let's do it. You can meet with two types of filters implemented in STN32WB boards. Here are some basic facts about the filters. This information could help to select right filter into your board. Ceramic filter is usually made as low temperature cofiled ceramics or based on ceramic oxides. The structure is low pass or bent pass. In fact the main feature is that spurious and harmonics has to be decreased. It has larger package in comparison of IPD filter we talked about after a while. Also necessary matching network increases the needed space. Ceramic filter is need to connect to 50 ohm for proper functionality. If not correctly matched it decreases the stop band rejection. IPD integrated passive device is the structure made on glass. It consists of matching network for chip STN32WB and low pass filter with high rejection of harmonics and spurious. Need to be connected to 60 ohm at the input and 50 ohm at the output. The input RF track must fulfill the certain length because it is a part of matching network. It is a bit dependent on thickness of the substrate. It is minimalistic solution that takes account the rejection is stop band of the filter and high performance in Bluetooth band. More details are mentioned in second part of this video. What about the differences in implementation of both filter types? Let's have a look. We will start with Ceramic filter. The design of the matching network between output of the chip and the filter must fulfill optimal matching between non 50 ohm output of the chip to the filter. The matching network has to respect the power adjustment of the output either the impedance of the filter. That is most important component for rejection of unwanted spurious and harmonics. Please note the output of the chip is usually measured in power on mode with maximal power level. The design of the matching network between the filter and the antenna has to respect the impedance of the filter and the impedance of the antenna. The antenna is very sensitive therefore it should be measured in operation conditions. It is good to check also the transmission characteristic of the whole RF trace. It means the attenuation of the trace from the chip to the antenna and unwanted signals rejection capability. Because the antenna matching often influence the filter its stop band mainly. Performing an impedance matching at the output of the filter often moves the impedance at its input. So it is advisable to make a subsequent correction of the input matching network. Such simpler case is IPD implementation. There is no matching network between output of the chip and the IPD filter. Only the length and impedance of the track must be maintained. The matching network is inside the APD and this input track is part of the matching network. As in previous case the output impedance measurement is recommended. And the rest is the same. The design of the matching network between the IPD filter and the antenna has to respect the impedance of the filter and the impedance of the antenna. The antenna should be measured in operation conditions. The advantage is that if input line is designed well the output is close to 50 ohm and for many designers it is much straightforward way to propose matching network. Also in this case it is highly recommended to check not only transmission characteristic of the passband but also rejection performance of the filter. Now we will discuss the possibilities in antennas. It is often neglected component although one of the most important. If we will talk about PCB antenna we mean DIPOL or F-antenas not those that request ground plane under it as patches. It is very difficult to say whether it is preferable to use a chip antenna or a PCB antenna. Each has its pros and cons however for selection it is important to know this. The PCB antenna will always be slightly larger due to the dielectric constant of the substrate. However it can be optimized for given conditions of use and can be placed in non-standard positions. Even a metallic or absorptive surrounding can be compensated. However this requires an appropriate simulation tool and qualified operators. Chip antenna is usually smaller however be careful about fine tuning stops of the resonance frequency. For a given space and location you will need to use a matching network to fine tune the resonance frequency. However its use is simple. For optimal functionality it is necessary to keep the layout of the manufacturer. Its modification has impact on performance. Now a couple of basic rules for matching and placement. The antenna should be matched by matching network that is as close as possible to the antenna. Commonly P or T structures are used. As you can see from picture it is placed just at the antenna port. The antenna itself is necessary to place in the corner or on the edge of the board. Placing inside the board affects the antenna's performance. The reason is metal plane around. It should not be disturbed by any metallic part that impacts the impedance of the antenna. It is valid for PCB either for the chip antenna. These types of antennas have to have sufficient ground plane. The ground behaves as a mirror and it is necessary condition for its functionality. Small ground plane or small PCB significantly impacts the efficiency of the antenna. We can say that it is the best to keep the layout of the manufacturer. But be careful, under the antenna must not be any metal. It means PCB layers. Also around the antenna must be preserved space for no or negligible impact. Antenna has to have enough space for radiation. Take care about absorptive materials close to the antenna. It has attenuation and so it decreases the distance range of the link. We always target to maximize radiated power. You often meet with plastic case or enclosure. Also know that plastics aren't significant if they don't touch the antenna. The matching is an integral part of the RF path. Without it the RF system would not be able to operate well. Although this is probably an annoying part for many developers it's a necessity. Here is the example of the Smith chart. These define four areas in Smith chart A, B, C and D. Each impedance that lays inside the certain area is possible to match by certain structure by matching network. Fold matching networks are the most simple ones. In most cases it is enough. These matching networks are commonly used. For each area of Smith chart is determined to certain network to match to the normalized impedance, in this case 50 ohm. P or T structure can be used for realization of more complicated functions. For example DC separation or father filtration or higher order filtration. However, lower stability and higher loss are to be expected. It is basically a transformation of complex impedance to another complex impedance. Here we work with reactance components that do not have parasitic properties. In the real world components affect the result a bit. They add an attenuation and you need to measure written loss and fine tune component values. Here is the example of simple matching procedure. Let's have load impedance ZL 30.4-J32 ohms for 2.45 GHz. Adjust this impedance to 50 ohm. We will do the transformation of load impedance. First we mark the load impedance in Smith chart. The impedance have its real and imaginary part. You will find them as an intersection of appropriate circle and curve. We need to get from this point to the circle of constant conductance. It is possible to do it by connecting the serial conductor. So we move along the circle of constant resistance. Then we need to get to the middle of the Smith chart. It can be done by moving along the circle of constant conductance. So the parallel capacitor is need to be connected. And that's it. Of course it is matched only in this point on other narrow frequencies. Is the matching result a bit worse? In this case we will match the impedance 44-J60.7 ohm to 28.7-J4.3 ohm. It is matching of complex impedance to another complex impedance. It means that we must transform the load impedance ZL to the complex conjugated impedance ZG. It is 28.6 plus J4.3 ohm. First we move along the circle of constant conductance by parallel inductor. And then move along the circle of constant resistance by serial capacitance to complex conjugated point of wanted impedance. We have fulfilled the matching law. The real parts are equal and imaginary parts are with opposite sign. The first case is in fact the same. Only the imaginary part of the wanted impedance is equal to zero. This is the summary of consequences of poor matching. Poorly imperfect matching or no matching are often the reason for poor performance. When looking for an error on a real sample, remember to check the adjustment. Let's list several issues we can meet with. Mismatch power losses due to reflections. The power reflects to the source and only part of the power comes through. The amount of the power depends on the return loss, so decreased output power is the consequence of poor matching. Less rejection of harmonics is caused by input or output mismatch. Because it influences the transmission characteristic of the filter. The impact on pass bound transmission characteristic of the filter is observable in large mismatch cases. It shows as change of output power over the frequency. Less radiated power from the antenna due to less power come into it. Resonance frequency of the antenna can be shifted by matching network. Why not with poor matching? Poor matching can even impact the internal bound, its transmission. There's sensitivity of the receiver due to higher attenuation, uneven transmission change in phase or additional resonances. You can see that it is high important to take care about matching. Poor or no matching leads to degradation of RF performance. If it's difficult for you, don't worry. There's a lot of tools on the web for designing an RF path. They are very useful and powerful. Of course, there are also a couple of constraints. There are some assumptions you have to know as parameters of each component used in RF path to be possible to adjust them quite fast and accurately. In case of active component, the sparameter file is in appropriate power supply and power level condition. In most designs, you need to measure them. If you have them all, then it is quite simple work. Even these tools have the tuning and optimization features. I recommend to not use optimization tool to avoid misleading. But what about the antenna? The antenna radiates the signal. It behaves as EM generator and it is almost impossible to describe it by sparameter file. There are many surrounding effects that influence the impedance and resonance frequency. Using the antenna requires the measurement of reflection at the antenna port in working conditions. For these, the calculated matching network is only valid. And how to deal with stn32wb output? The output reflection of the chip is changing versus power level. Therefore, even a reflection at the chip output has to be fine out for working conditions. It is much simpler work, if you consider IPD, that it has matched output when well provided its input connection to the chip. I'm looking forward to you by second part of this session. We will deal with PCB layout and several hints for correct ARF design. Thank you for watching.


This place was left to rot with contaminating chemicals messing up the surrounding environment so that's why we chose that place as a as a target to make our statement. The EPA Superfund program responds to environmental emergencies however time-to-time those sites are left abandoned and incomplete. Artist collective Indecline recently went out to one of those sites formerly owned by the Vanderbilt Court to carry out a covert environmental art project. What's death metal? Death metals was a project at an abandoned gold ore processing mill out in the Mojave National Preserve. It's been up for demolition for less than 20 years. What was the point of this project in particular? To display through our imagery on the actual mill pretty much just man's quest for wealth. Well that's corporations, that's agencies that are constantly digging into the earth not caring about the surrounding environment the animals just not following any regulations that the EPA has set up and just completely go and renegade carrying out their duties without a care in the world to gain wealth. So if it's a Superfund site then they contributed money to clean it up supposedly. That's correct. The EPA did go in and clean out most of the substances and chemicals at the same time the damage was done there wasn't a full 100% sweep of the entire site. The effects were still contaminating the environment. It contained heavy amounts of cyanide hydroxide as well as the heavy metals contained chemicals which were irreparable to the surrounding environment. So the area is just pretty much dead then. It was a wasteland. Indecline definitely likes to push the boundaries and continually collaborate with other skilled artists.  We had a skull with the hazardous symbol. It fit on that silo so well. We had a skeleton hand holding a piece of gold tying it all together with the fact that it's an abandoned gold war. Another one being a miner with a pickaxe over his shoulder which we offset on the building. The fourth was the miner holding an electric pickaxe drill against the four silos just showing a lot of imagery of ghost miners dead miners at work. We cut Indecline into one of the catwalks. We as Indecline feel if they see our video or see our project share it call the action means action inspiring others to want to make their mark make their statement. Resist.


Are your friends getting rich trading cryptocurrency? Do you want to get in on the trend but have no clue how to get started? Luckily for you, we here at Coin Telegraph have put together a definitive guide for absolute beginners on everything you ever wanted to know about buying Bitcoin but were too embarrassed to ask. The first step on your journey to becoming a legendary Bitcoin trader is to open a Bitcoin wallet. A Bitcoin wallet is simply an app, website, or device that manages your Bitcoin private keys and allows you to receive, store, and spend Bitcoins. Wallets come in two forms, hardware wallets and software wallets, also known as cold and hot wallets. Cold wallets are hardware devices like the Ledger Nano S, Trasor, and KeybKey. They are much more secure but often cost a few hundred bucks. Hot wallets protect your private keys via web applications, apps on iOS and Android platforms, and even desktop apps. Examples include Exodus, Free Wallet, Jax, and Electrum. Hot wallets are the most popular way to store and access Bitcoin but can be hacked. After you've chosen a Bitcoin wallet, make sure to avoid scams and theft by 1. Generating your private keys in a secure offline environment. 2. Create backups of your private keys. 3. Encrypt wallets to provide additional security. Now that you've got a Bitcoin wallet, you're almost ready to start buying First, you've got to find someone willing to sell their Bitcoin in exchange for your money. Most people buy and sell Bitcoin on exchanges like Coinbase, Binance, and Okex. In order to open a trading account on a major exchange, you'll need to have a valid ID and a bank account. After you open your account, you need to find a good offer. You can buy the Bitcoin using your credit card or debit card and buy a bank transfer, but some restrictions may apply. If you want to remain anonymous, buying Bitcoin with cash may be the better way to go. Examples include Bitcoin, Wall of Coins, and LibertyX. You can meet with Bitcoin owners face to face and trade your cash for their crypto in person, if that's your thing. If you're not comfortable with that, you can also try an escrow service like LocalBitcoins, Bidify, and BitRated. Congratulations, you've just completed your very first Bitcoin purchase. You are officially a cryptocurrency trader now. Well done. Wondering what you can do with these Bitcoins? Try cashing out at BitcoinATM, buying other cryptocurrencies, or even investing in initial coin offerings. ICOs. Happy trading.


What's going on guys? Got Kyle and Sean here relating sports cards with 2020 and 2021 football. This is 10 box mixer number six. Oranum teams style. We have James P with the Saints down to Matt G with the Jags. Good luck on this one guys. We'll start with the 2022s. We'll move on to the move on to the 2020s. Good luck everybody. Look here. 2021 football. Nice start there is the 75. We got a three color RPA. It's going to be Desmond Ritter. This one there Falcons three color patch. QB on the RPA. Falcons there. Desmond Ritter. Nice one there Falcons. Box two. Ammo. Jake and Sam at the QB chant going the other day. Seem to work out. It's a guy I've seen a while. It's going to be a lone star auto. It's a 25 Marcus Colston. Three color patch there. Nice number patch for the Saints. And Drew Brees had something going for a while. Eight out of 25 on the Marcus Colston. Nice one there. Three color patch they put up. Put some work on my bucks there for a few years. Right box three. It's another nice one. It's another lone star RPA to 49. This time it's Isaac Bruce. The other part of the greatest show on turf. Isaac Bruce there for the ramps. Nice one there to 49 ramps. Matt G with the ramps. Own star Isaac Bruce on cart. Box four. That's a clean color match. That's going to be a precision RPA. It's Brees Hall. Three color patch. Nice one there Jets. And one is 22 of 49. Brees the beast. He had a killer week this week. Brees Hall for the Jets. Who has the Jets? That's going to be Matt G. You go Matt with the three color Brees. Yeah Dylan had 40 points from him and still didn't beat Scott. I'm a little worried. Box five. My team ain't slouches but they've been playing the best. Yeah. Nice one there. It's going to be the 75. Another one for the Jets. Garrett Wilson. That is Jersey number there. 17 out of 75. Dual patch. Nice one there for the Jets. Alrighty guys. Now we're on to 2020. QB. Come on. Looking for Hertz. Looking for Herbert. Burrow. Good luck here guys. Box one. Yeah. 22 Jets had a ton man. There's a fin. It's going to be a NFL 100 auto. It's Dwight Stevenson for the fins. Dwight Stevenson on the NFL 100. Insert auto. Nice one there. For the fins. That's right. Box two. Come on QB. Come on QB. Got a Van Jefferson. That one's going to be RP to 35 ramps. Three color patch there. Van Jeffy. Sweat on his brow. That's right. Wipe it off. There we go. Box three. For the fins. It's Dwight Stevenson. Two 100 on the NFL 100 auto. That's familiar. Dwight Stevenson back to back there for the fins. NFL 100. Alrighty guys. Box four. 2020. Come on QB. I had a killer game this week. This is going to be T Higgins on the RPA. Their Precision RPA. Nice one there. Number 35 for the Bengals. Nice teeth. He killed it this weekend for me. Needed it. Nice one there for the Bengals. Ricky. That makes sense toke. Makes sense why you'd be a Ricky fan. All right guys. Last one. Box 10. Box 10. There he is. QB. It's going to be Jalen Hertz on the quad RPA for the Eagles. Boom. There we go Eagles. Very nice one there on the Hertz. 299. That's going to be for Matt G. Nice one there. Four color patch. Four color patch. Four color patch. Very nice one. Jalen Hertz. The RPA. Eagles. There we go. Mr. Matt. Alrighty. All righty guys. That'll do it for one football. 10 box mixer. Number six. Not to a recap on that one. That was all autos. Pretty quick. Get that right out to you guys. Thank you guys. Flawless next.