So hi everyone, I'm Jules. I'm a software engineer at Facebook in London, and I work on the infer team So infer is not that Sorry Who's cream no definitely not play. Thank you. Why did it know that works? so infer is a Static analyzer it's open source so you can find it on github And it ships with a number of analysis by default That do a range of things the most advanced of which is a Memory safety analysis that tries to flag bugs about null pointer exceptions or memory resource leaks or double free or the like And it also has Simpler analysis all the way to linters that you there's even a small DSL to define your own syntactic checks on on the code for instance And and one of the defining characteristic of them more complex analysis in infer is that are inter procedural So that means they are able to flag issues that involve several procedures at once possibly in several files so in the rest of the talk I'll explain a Bit about infers architecture and how it does inter procedural analysis and in at a high level and I will also explain how we deploy it at Facebook where it does deep time analysis Okay, so Infer starts from a project which is some source files and build system to to build these files and It's architecture like a compiler. So there first. There's a front end that takes source code in the source language so Java or languages supported by clang and Much like a compiler. It translates them into a much simpler and common tool languages IR that is called SIL and SIL is Much simpler than Java or C++ is just basically loads and stores and function calls and go-to's Then once all the source files have been translated into infers language the back-end analysis run and and for so for each procedure they compute a summary of the procedure in Isolation of all the other procedures and they are stored as what we call specs So there's one specification for each procedure and this is also the point where errors are flagged So most of the analysis work by trying to establish that the procedure has no bug and when there's a failure in that proof Then a bunch of heuristics kick in to classify the failure of the proof either as a weakness in the analyzer or as something that Looks more like a bug that we should report And so at the end of the analysis we collect all these issues we found and we we build a report Okay, let's do mean into the front-end how it works So there are two front-ends one for clang languages and one for Java. I would describe them both So we start with the project the source code and the build system and now we need to find Where the where the code lives so we act we ask the build system actually so the way you would run in fur is just typing For instance info dash dash make and info will do all the work of figuring out Figuring out what to do and the way it works is it runs the build system and capture calls to the compiler That happened during compilation And so it records for each source file the way to it records that allows it to discover which source file should be analyzed and how they are compiled and So it's a bit of a It's not the most robust bust of infer because you have to do this work for each build system All the build systems are different and there's no sort of unified way to extract the information of how to build files Given the build system. So that's a bit annoying if you have a few no solutions to this problem. Please talk to me So but we have integrations for a few build systems and That works so if it's a Java file, then we call Java C to get Java bytecode and Then our Java from turn actually starts from the bytecode and not the Java source and Translates Java bytecode into SIL and If it's clang then we run clang To compile the file and we attach our own clang plugin that dumps the clang AST in some serialized format that our frontend is able to read from OCaml and translate also into SIL So and There's also the place where we plug or clang linters So because here we see the AST we can run this source code very syntactic analysis that just matches nodes in the AST and make some reports And So we are able to do that for clang but not for Java because Java we started the bytecode level so There's no linters for Java in infer at the moment. So that was the frontend Let's look at the back end now. So And the back end takes procedures that were translated by the frontend and it tries to find specifications for them So there are many analysis in infer as I said They're all based on the same architecture that is compositional and on demand So it's compositional that means that it will schedule the analysis to look at each procedure in isolation without looking at the calling context of each procedure or Or the arguments with which the procedure is called. So the analysis each analysis has to be Smart enough to be able to work on a procedure without knowing anything about where it's called and in exchange that allows us to Reuse the summary computed for the procedure in all the calling context. So that allows infer to scale very nicely And the architecture is also on demand What I mean by that is that each procedure is only analyzed if it's needed for The analysis and it's analyzed when it's needed So let's look at an example I'm going to use the allocates memory checker that we have as an example. So that's a checker That reports whenever a function is allocated with no allocation like goo here But it calls a function that eventually allocates memory So let's see how this works. So let's say we're only interested in analyzing the functions in a food at Java so we start with one of them like food and We see that it calls bar. So we need to compute the summary for bar first. So we go do that Notice that bar here is another file Also, I've written this as more or less Java code, but it's actually in the intermediate language of infer So infer analysis bar and it noticed that it allocates memory Online 3 so that's the summary it computes It remembers that the only thing it will remember about bar now is that's on line 3 that locates memory so we come back to food and now we know that food also allocates memory because And we recall the reason why we think it recall it allocates memory and that's because it calls bar on line 3 the reason we We recall the reason why there's a bug is because when we're going to report later It's going to be very important that we give some idea of where there's a bug to the user So then we look at goo it calls food and so We go look at foo and see that its specification says its allocates so goo also allocates and Because a goo is mark no allocation we report here so Not also that in goo we only Recall that it calls foo and we don't follow all the chain of explanation This will be reconstructed only when needed when we report so that it scales more Okay, so that's on demand analysis But inter procedural issues and so One thing we were wondering at some point is how important is it that the analysis is composite is Interprocedural sorry, and so we did this case today of bugs that were reported by info recently And we counted for each of them if they were interprocedural, so we sorted them in three buckets one is Bugs that you can find just by looking at one procedure in one file the second bucket is Bugs you can find by looking at all the procedures in but only in one file and the third category is Bugs that involve multiple procedures that span multiple files And what we found is that for some bug types the majority of the bugs were in the last category So so it's very important So being interprocedural and inter file gives the best signal to developers and So this is Allocates memory that we saw and this one is a bit particular because almost all the bugs it reports span multiple files and All the way at the bottom. There's bite pointer comparison, which is a linter and so linter only looks at VST of 1.5 so and surprisingly it only reports Intrap procedural bugs Okay, so how do we deploy infer at Facebook, so I said it's It reports at diff time so when whenever a developer sends a new change It will go through our CI system and our CI system runs a bunch of tests And it also schedules an analysis via infer and this is this Happens all at the same time as human reviewers are reading the code and making comments and so infer it with Commenting on the div just as other human reviewers will so If it finds a bug it reports it on fabricator, which is our code review tool That's also open source and infer comments look just like other human reviewer comments So in that case that's a report. That's a report generated by infer that says that there might be another reference in caused by the diff and one important point is that In this integration infer we only surfaced the bugs that infer finds that were introduced by the diff And only if they were in files that were touched by the diff And the reason we do that is that that's what the developer quarantine Context on and is working on this change and so is able to act on on these warnings Much more than on warnings about unrelated things so at some points And Infer is happy with the diff and all the code reviewers are happy about the diff and so then It makes it into the code base and into our products So let's go back to our example and see how diff analysis works a bit more in details So let's say that our diff was the diff that introduced the call to foo in the no allocation method So that's the the state of the code after the diff. That's what we saw earlier So we know that infer does this on that version of the code It reports the error on goo because it calls foo that allocates So then what info we'll do is it will analyze the base commit the version of the code without the diff so in this version goo doesn't call foo and Also, we need to reanalyze foo that Java because that's the file that was modified so infer Analyzes foo again It needs bar. It already has a spec for bar and this one doesn't need to change because we know that bar hasn't changed And so it will Computer get that foo allocates by a bar and Then when you analyze this foo goo, it says that it does nothing. There's no allocation there So now that you did this to analysis of the base on the diff It knows that on the base there was no report on the div There was just one report about foo and so what it will report to the user is What was reported on the diff minus what would be reported on the base? So it will report the new error So this debate the playground model has been quite successful so far We find that it helps developers move fast And give them more confidence about their code changes because infer will check that they don't introduce too many bugs It also makes life easy for us because it makes it very much easier to deploy new checks Because we only report new bugs introduced by diffs So even if a new analysis that we ship has a legacy of thousands of bugs in the code base we don't need to care about this right now because Developers will not see them because they were already there that we only see the new ones that they introduce So we find that quite valuable For instance The another situation that's not like this is compiler warnings I find they're always a pain to enable them projects because there are always so many pre-existing warnings and you can never turn the Wanting you want into an error straight away because you have to fix all the pre-existing one first. So So this this kind of deployment avoids that issue Okay, so that's more or less it's the current status is infer runs on old diffs for Android and our iOS apps as well as our c++ backend and that represents tens of thousands of diffs every month and There are thousands of issues fixed every month out of all the ones reported by infer and and That's about a 70% fixed rate and the fixed rate is what we measure as giving good signal to developers is It's the proportion of reports That's we're fixed by developers as they were reported by infer and That's That's the metric we take and not some other metrics like false positives or things like this because that's a metric we can actually measure So that's why it's important to us. Okay. That's all I had to say. Thanks for listening any questions Yes In the example with memory location, what if the location happens conditionally depending on one of the parameters of the Right, so the whole side the question is what if the allocation happens conditionally depending on The parameters past the function I Think for this checker this checker is quite simple. I don't think it looks at This kind of thing. I think it would report anyway, but I'm not quite sure that some other some other checkers We have like the ones from a memory safety. They try very hard to follow the The values as well So one way to I don't know if this checker does this already but with the way I We would do that would be to record two two specifications for that function one where some parameter if X equals zero as the precondition then it doesn't allocate and another if it's not then it allocates and then at the call Site you can see in which in which branch you are Yes Question The question is is the deep paid base deployment part of the open source code base or not So at the moment is mostly lives in our CI code and not in infer There's ongoing work about moving that logic inside in for itself. So not for now there is but There is part of it in info already, which is the part about comparing to reports and computing the lists of Pre-existing and fixed and introduced Buckets Yes How is it linked the two parts and that static analysis and the Isolation of Error for a garden the deep how much have a link in Inferred Do you envision that it would be possible to reuse the deep analysis part for other static analysis too? so the the question is how How interval woven are the static analysis part and the diff analysis part and At the moment not at all we just running for once running for a second time and then we do some logic just on the JSON report So that's how it works So it can it works the same way for all our analysis because it just works on the final report It could be a separate project that works for other things as well Yes The Yes, so the question is That we report only on the files touching the diff and isn't that a terrible idea? For instance for libraries because you're breaking all the clients and you don't know it. Yes, that's a good point So do we have do we sometimes look at this so No, not at the moment We don't quite know how to so how we would surface these issues to developers or how it will run so Yep, so We're still figuring this out We're trying to surface all the bugs to developers for instance all the pre-existing bugs in the code base That's one way to do it, but that doesn't quite answer this question Yes, last question Which other static analysis tools do we use at Facebook I Think we use a range of static analysis tools, but I'm not sure exactly which at what on what part of the project We use We use yeah, we use clang analyzer as well on some parts of the code and Yeah, we use a bunch of of Static analyzers, I'm not quite sure which sorry Okay, thanks everyone


Good afternoon. Most reverend Bishop Cajano, Assistant Provincial, members of the Board of Trustees, Congressman Himes, State Senator Wong, State Representative Stratsprum, first selectman Tetro, members of the faculty, honored guests, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the celebration for Dr. Mark Richard Nemek. Who with this ceremony will be invested as the ninth president of Fairfield University. Please rise for the invocation offered by Bishop Cajano and continue standing for the National Anthem and Fairfield University Alma Mater performed by the Fairfield University Glee Club under the direction of Carol Ann Maxwell. Let us pray. Lord God, you make all things new and never tire of offering us your mercy. We give you thanks on this day of great joy as we seek your abundant blessings upon Dr. Mark Nemek who will be installed as the ninth president of Fairfield University. Through the power of your Holy Spirit, this university community shares in the mission of your son to open young minds to the truths of our world, to fully develop the gifts and talents of those entrusted to its care, to teach and preach the gospel, and to reveal your loving presence in the world. Father, help everyone who forms part of this community to bear witness to our faith with integrity and courage. We especially ask your blessings upon Dr. Nemek as he formally assumes the mantle of leadership. Grant him your heavenly gifts and inspire him to lead with justice, prudence, humility, and wisdom. Help him to challenge the young people of this community to treat every person with dignity and respect and to hear the cries of the poor and vulnerable in our midst. As he assumes this office, guide him and all who will collaborate with him to conduct the affairs of this university in the ways of righteousness and faith. But loving God, we also ask that you bless Dr. Nemek's family, especially his wife, Suzanne, his children, Alex, Teddy, Philip, and Kit. Keep them in your love and protect them with your grace. Bless also the administrators, faculty, and staff in their daily work of education and formation. And may the students of this great Jesuit university be blessed with every good gift under heaven. Finally, Lord, by your grace and protection, may Dr. Nemek's work be fruitful, his days blessed, and his heart joyful. For we ask this with humility and confidence through Christ our Lord, amen. Amen. Together on this wonderful occasion and this shining day, an event as significant as the inauguration of a president occurs infrequently in the life of the university. And we have been celebrating its importance the past few days with a variety of academic, artistic, and social events, and we'll continue our inaugural events throughout alumni and parents' weekend, which begins this evening. Today, this beautiful location is the setting for the signature event of the inauguration celebration, the formal missioning and investiture of Dr. Mark Richard Nemek as the ninth president of Fairfield University. As a Catholic Jesuit university, an essential aspect of this ceremony will be the missioning of our president to carry out the transformative, educational work of Fairfield University within the Jesuit tradition. Because our university is a rich collection of diverse constituencies working toward a common goal, our ceremony includes greetings from representatives of the various groups who make up that community. And because artistic accomplishments have always played a major role in Jesuit education over the centuries, music and poetry have interwoven into the ceremony. This ceremony will most especially feature an address from our new president on this most august and celebrated day of his inaugural. I am already certain that our community will be both enhanced and enlightened by his vision and look forward to how this ceremony will make present to him the support of the deeply committed university community he finds at Fairfield. I now invite to the podium the Reverend James Maraki of the Society of Jesus, provincial assistant for higher education for the Northeast province. Father Maraki as the representative of Father Provincial Cicero will mission Mark Richard Nemek as the director of the work that is Fairfield University. Father Maraki. Bishop Casiano, members of the board of trustees, Dr. Nemek, faculty, staff and students of Fairfield University, family and friends. As provincial assistant for higher education of the Northeast province of the Society of Jesus and representative of our provincial, the very Reverend John Cicero. I am pleased to be here with you today and on behalf of all of my Jesuit brothers to offer our warm greetings and support on this momentous occasion. In my official capacity, I am also here to entrust to Dr. Nemek the leadership of a mission that the Society of Jesus has carried on at Fairfield University since 1942 when the school opened its doors to undergraduate men on this beautiful campus. In the official language of the Society of Jesus we speak of Fairfield as a Jesuit work, one that is inspired by the Ignatian Charism of seeking God in all things, of promoting a faith that does justice, of inter-religious dialogue and creative engagement with culture. And we speak of the president as the director of the work who has the responsibility of directing the apostolic work according to its proper Ignatian character. But what is the proper Ignatian character of Fairfield? Fairfield University is a modern Catholic Jesuit university rooted in one of the world's oldest intellectual and spiritual traditions. In the spirit of rigorous and sympathetic inquiry into all dimensions of human experience, Fairfield welcomes students from diverse backgrounds and faith traditions to share ideas and engage in open conversations. As a community of scholar-servant leaders, Fairfield joins in the broader task of expanding human knowledge, deepening human understanding, exploring human faiths, and serving those in great need. To this end, Fairfield encourages and supports the research and artistic expression of its faculty and students and is committed to excellence in all that it pursues. We are sure that Fairfield University under your stewardship, Dr. Nemek, will carry this vision forward through the accomplishments of its faculty, staff, and students and will continually strive for the modus in all its programs and initiatives. The Society of Jesus entrusts you today with a serious and important mission, one for which you are well prepared. Of course, you do not bear this responsibility alone. The 35th and 36th General Congregations of the Society of Jesus speak of collaboration among all our colleagues, Jesuit and lay, as being at the heart of our mission. This past year, in a formal memorandum of understanding, the northeast province of the Jesuits, the Fairfield University Jesuit community, and the University Board of Trustees pledged their shared responsibility and commitment to the Catholic and Jesuit mission of this university. In fact, the entire Fairfield University family shares this privilege and responsibility to preserve and enhance this mission. Dr. Nemek, you assume this responsibility at a challenging time in the history of our church, of our country, and of the Jesuits' mission of higher education. Pope Francis has called on Jesuit institutions to enter into true dialogue and discernment and to be engaged at the frontiers of the gospel and culture, of faith and reason, showing special concern for those on the margins of society. In a similar fashion, Father Adolfo Nicolás, the former Superior General of the Society of Jesus, encouraged leaders of Jesuit higher education around the world to guide their institutions to a greater depth of thought and imagination, to a more universal vision of their educational mission and to learned ministry in the service of faith and the promotion of justice. In the name of Father Provincial Cicero, I mission you as president of this Jesuit work, and I am grateful for your willingness to assume this sacred trust. We Jesuits look forward to working with you and seeing you further develop the Catholic Jesuit mission as an essential part of your vision for Fairfield University. May God bless you abundantly in your new mission. Thank you, Father Maraki. I now invite the Reverend Michael Sheeran of the Society of Jesus, president of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities to welcome Mark Richard Nemek to the company of presidents of the Jesuit Colleges and Universities in the United States and to present a medal specially blessed by His Holiness Pope Francis, Father Sheeran. Dr. Nemek, on behalf of the students, the faculty, and staff of the 27 other American Jesuit Colleges and Universities, I am privileged to offer you welcome and congratulations. Under your guidance, May Fairfield University continue to flourish in its critical mission of shaping its faculty, staff, and students into men and women for others, men and women who serve Christ in their neighbor and in the building up of their community. In token of this, your public commitment to Jesuit education, I am proud to present this medallion of the founder of the Society of Jesus, Saint Ignatius of Loyola. The medallion was blessed in Rome by our Holy Father, Pope Francis. Thank you, Father Sheeran. Rabbi James Prosnit of the congregation, Benay Israel, will now offer a blessing. Rabbi Prosnit is well known for his rabbinical work in Fairfield County and has been serving Fairfield University for over 25 years as an adjunct professor of religious studies. He's an active presence in our Bennett Center for Judaic Studies. Rabbi Prosnit. In the book of Psalms, we read, ze ha'yom asa arnai nagila venis mechavo. This is the day that God has made. Let us exalt and rejoice in it. It is a distinct honor and privilege for me to represent my faith tradition and bring greetings and blessing to this inauguration of Dr. Mark Arnemek as the ninth president of Fairfield University. As a beacon of academic excellence, Fairfield has reached beyond the confines of this beautiful campus to enrich the lives of its neighbors. Many cherish the learning and intellectual curiosity encouraged and modeled in this place. It is in this spirit, I pray that under the leadership of Dr. Arnemek, Fairfield may continue to be a place that according to its mission statement, celebrates the God-given dignity of every person, a place where those of all beliefs and traditions may pursue scholarship, justice and truth, a place that values diversity, expands human knowledge and understanding. Eternal God, let your blessing rest upon a gifted and caring faculty, administration and staff so that they may continue to create a community of vision, honesty and respect and bless this new president and his family with civic courage, a confident and discerning mind and the humility to do your will. In Jewish tradition, a blessing is typically recited at moments of new beginnings and joyous celebrations. Baruch Ata Arnai, Eloheinu Melech Ha'ulam, Shehachianu, Vikiamanu, Vihigianu lazman hazeh, we praise you sovereign God for keeping us alive, for sustaining us and for allowing us to reach this day. Amen. Thank you Rabbi Prosnit. I now call to the podium the Reverend Thomas J. Fitzpatrick of the Society of Jesus, Spiritual Director at Fairfield University to recite his prayer poem. Though the poem entitled The Presence was originally written on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of Fairfield University, which we celebrated on March 17th of this year, we thought this ceremony to be an appropriate occasion for reprising it. Dr. Fitzpatrick. The presence in our beginning, the black robes fresh from other dreams encountered the land grass that shimmies a stuttering stream, a flickering pond, trees in leafy murmurations. The presence came with them. The boys followed. Embryonic encounters sprouted, spread and deepened. The stones, dirt, fields, flung forth Berkman's, Xavier, Gonzaga, Canisius. In classrooms, corridors, residences and dining halls, echoing questions old and new shaped and reshaped the encounters. Are the five proofs of God certain or enough? Does a straight line equal the curve of a circle of infinite radius? To be or not to be relative or quantum mechanical? Shall we wrap the alleluia chorus? The presence thickened. The girls came. The vision, care and heart of women rebirthed the encounters. The earth sprung out more edifices. Dolan, Barone, Meditz, Rafferty, Egan, Lesson, de Menendicellius, quick. Encounters pulled and pushed out further life and love. Friendships blossomed into marriages. The presence continued piercing through as an arrow. Out of the reverberating form shifting encounters, a bursting personality stretched the presence out beyond itself. Encounter, embrace, love.  The presence was. The presence is. There shall be the presence. Thank you, Father Fitzpatrick. I now invite the Fairfield University Glee Club to perform. We will sing A Song of a Dream by Kevin Memley. A song commissioned in honor of the Glee Club's 70th anniversary season in 2017. The Glee Club performs under the direction of Dr. Carol Ann Maxwell, accompanied by Beth Palmer. We will sing A Song of a Dream. It benefits greatly from its location in the town of Fairfield. We take our responsibility to the town seriously and we appreciate all that the town of Fairfield has to offer our students, faculty, staff, and administrators. We are pleased that first selectman, Michael Tetro, joins us today to welcome President Nemek. First selectman, Tetro. Good afternoon. How does one offer a fitting welcome to a new president of an August University in our midst? Webster's Collegiate Dictionary defines welcome as a cordial greeting of a desirable gift. Dr. Nemek, you are certainly a most desirable gift and our greetings are heartfelt and most warm. Welcome to our beautiful, special town of Fairfield. Dr. Nemek, we know you represent the finest qualities found in the Jesuit tradition of higher education. Your contributions to the Fairfield community may be just starting, but your service and dedication to this university and our community will most surely be outstanding. Fairfield University plays a pivotal role in our town as a cultural center, educational institution, and spiritual community. The breadth and influence of Fairfield University extends in every direction. We trust your leadership will continue the traditions of excellence and will strengthen the fabric of our community. Therefore, it is my sincere pleasure on behalf of 59,000 citizens of Fairfield to congratulate you on your installation as the ninth president of Fairfield University and to wish you a most blissful, successful stewardship of this wonderful institution. Welcome to Fairfield, Dr. Nemek. We are here to help you in every way. Congratulations. Thank you, Mr. Tetrow. At Fairfield University, we pride ourselves on being part of the vibrant collection of colleges and universities in the state of Connecticut. The oldest and most distinguished of which is Yale University. We are pleased to have with us today Yale University Delegate Secretary Goff Cruz. Ms. Goff Cruz is Secretary and Vice President for Student Life at Yale University. She will be representing institutions of higher learning and will now offer greetings. Ms. Goff Cruz. Good afternoon. It is my pleasure to welcome Dr. Mark Nemek on behalf of Connecticut's higher education community. Each year, American institutions of higher education, particularly those in Connecticut, graduate thousands of students in multiple disciplines and professions, support faculty who generate impactful ideas and research, and provide necessary services and programs for the benefit of our cities, the nation, and the world. We work in a noble profession, you and I, and often do so in challenging times. We depend on excellent leaders who are willing to serve and who understand the complexity of leading an institution that must focus on the past, the present, and the future.  I believe that Dr. Nemek will be this kind of education leader for Fairfield and for Connecticut. As you may know, Dr. Nemek received his bachelor's degree in English cum laude from Yale in 1991. And while at Yale, you may not know that he was also an all Ivy League rugby player. We like to think that his early academic success and his athletic prowess set the stage for his successful career in both business and then in academia, where he has already approved and experienced leader. He brings with him to Fairfield, not only wisdom, good sense, and good humor, but also important leadership experiences that will serve him and Connecticut well. And what better time to lead? Higher education traditionally faces a wide range of challenges, political, financial, social, pedagogical. But today, one of the most significant challenges is being that bridge between the past and present in service of the future. How can institutions of higher education fulfill their mission of helping their students understand the cutting edge of contemporary thought while learning from and respecting the past and looking toward the future? Catholic colleges and universities like Fairfield occupy an important place in the landscape of American higher education. They are rooted in a long, unbroken intellectual tradition that embraces both the past and the present with confidence. I trust Dr. Nimmick's stewardship of Fairfield University will exhibit that forward-looking confidence while reminding students of their indebtedness to the intellectual and moral accomplishments of past generations. Today, so much of the national discourse is about the role of higher education in society. Many polls show that Americans do not value higher educational institutions in the same way that they once did. I hope that Dr. Nimmick will also participate in the public discussion of the goals and purposes of higher education. It is inevitable that those who lead institutions of higher learning find themselves spending significant times discussing budgets, institutional advancement, athletics, and financial aid. But by training, temperament, and scholarly research, Mark Nimmick brings to Fairfield, to the state of Connecticut, and to higher education in general, the capacity to connect the necessary practical concerns of institutional life with a larger picture of the moral and civic goals of colleges and universities. It is essential that universities not only prosper and sustain themselves, yes, but it is also important to create an environment in which democratic debate, free expression, self-criticism, and social justice are embraced. I hope that he lives the great end, as the bishop said this morning, and he gets to sing like the choir said just now. But I am delighted that he will now be in a position to do that. So, Dr. Nimmick, I'm not only honored to welcome you back to Connecticut, dear friend, but also grateful that you have actually chosen to answer the call to lead. I know that you will inspire Fairfield students, and you will support faculty, staff, and alumni in the Jesuit tradition, to dream more, to learn more, do more, and become more. Welcome home, Dr. Nimmick. We are enormously fortunate, and we are grateful that you are here. Thank you, Secretary Gough Cruise. I am happy to welcome to the podium the director of the Fairfield Jesuit community, the Reverend Michael Tunney of the Society of Jesus. Father Tunney also serves as an adjunct professor in the department of studio art and the department of religious studies. Father Tunney. Now formally missioned by the Society of Jesus and the person of the Reverend James Murracky, provincial assistant for higher education Northeast Province Society of Jesus, Dr. Mark Richard Nimmick assumes the mantle of dignity and responsibility as Fairfield's president. As rector of the Fairfield Jesuit community, I welcome you warmly to our community and along with my brother Jesuits, look forward to working alongside you to advance the mission of Fairfield University, the modern Catholic Jesuit University. Our Catholic Jesuit ethos and educational philosophy help transform our students into the men and women for others that our world so sorely needs. We as members of the Society of Jesus bring our training, the gifts of the spiritual exercises and our commitment to the intellectual apostolate. Together these animate the spirit and hope that is at the heart of Fairfield University. We Jesuits serve as priests, brothers, scholars, teachers, ministers and colleagues to the Fairfield University community. You, Dr. Nimmick, as leader of this community can be assured that we Jesuits will walk with you as our collaborators, companions and guides. Thus, as rector of this community, I pledge the support of my brother Jesuits within our community to you and your family as you shepherd this institution. Today we offer our prayers, our blessing and our heartfelt welcome on this occasion of your investiture as president of Fairfield University. Thank you, Father Tunney. I'm happy to invite the Reverend Thomas Samiski of the Society of Jesus, president of the Fairfield Preparatory School to extend greetings. Fairfield Prep is a vital and lively component of our campus community. Father Samiski. It is my privilege as president of Fairfield College Preparatory School to extend our greeting to you, President Nimmick. As a scholar of political science, faculty member and former dean, you now assume the mantle of dignity and responsibility as the ninth president of this great university. Deeply appreciative of the special relationship in interwoven Jesuit mission of Fairfield Prep and Fairfield University, we at Prep wish you every success. As one unified work of the Society of Jesus, together we strive to be leaders in Jesuit education. No other school in the world is a member of both the association of Jesuit colleges and universities and the Jesuit schools network. Our ability to connect and share resources positions us well for future opportunities. While Prep and the university serve students of different ages and backgrounds, we are firmly committed to our common tradition focused on academic excellence, caring for the whole person and finding God in all things. Today, Fairfield Prep and Fairfield University join in common prayer that God may continue to bless Dr. Nemek and his family with wisdom, courage and a sense of humor and that God may guide us along his path and strengthen us for this journey and faith. Thank you. Critical to the continuing success of and also dear to all of us at the university are its alumni. Mr. John Pagano, president of the Fairfield University Alumni Association will speak on behalf of alumni everywhere who support the university in large and small ways every day. President Nemek, as president of the Fairfield University Alumni Association, it is my honor and privilege to welcome you as our ninth university president. For our over 42,000 graduates, the extraordinary history, growth and accomplishments of our alma mater and the education we received during our days here make us proud to call ourselves alumni. As ambassadors for Fairfield, we are honored to give back to a university that gave us so much. Our Jesuit education taught us to be men and women who possess sound ethical worldview and who understand the responsibility to concern ourselves with the less fortunate. We know that under your leadership, Fairfield University will continue to graduate students who will carry on this tradition of service to others. We look forward to seeing you at alumni events across the country and working with you to spread stag pride worldwide. Congratulations. Thank you, Mr. Pagano. Essential to the life of the university and central to our mission of Jesuit education are the faculty who educate our students in part by practicing with them the habits of mind crucial to creating their world-class creative activity and scholarship. The secretary of the general faculty, Susan Rakowitz, assistant professor of psychology, on behalf of the entire faculty will extend to President Nemek his formal membership into the general faculty and the department of politics. Dr. Nemek, it is my privilege as secretary of the general faculty to welcome you as president and as a professor in the department of politics, both as president and professor of politics, you are a member of the general faculty here at Fairfield University. The faculty of Fairfield University will work with you in a collegial manner to enhance and advance the quality of the educational experience and the intellectual environment for the entire community. Our university mission celebrates our liberal arts core, our strong professional schools and most importantly, our call to provide our students and the wider community an intellectual and social experience grounded in the Jesuit ideals of higher education. We as faculty strive to bring this mission alive in all our endeavors. As faculty, we bring a variety of talents and a deep commitment to the life and mission of the university. As teachers and scholars, we pride ourselves on placing great emphasis on student learning and student engagement with research. Our dedication to teaching, to research and to social outreach projects as well as professional involvement in our various disciplines bodes well for the future of Fairfield University. Thank you, Dr. Rakowitz. I now invite to the podium Mr. Lauren Testani, manager of employment, to offer greetings on behalf of the staff of Fairfield University. Mr. Testani serves this year as president of the Fairfield University Staff Association. Among many other valuable services, the staff association provides opportunities for staff to gather for cross-divisional activities and supports a generous scholarship for an undergraduate student. Mr. Testani. As president of the staff association, it is my privilege on behalf of the university staff to welcome you, Dr. Nemek, as our new president. The staff comprises over 500 dedicated employees across 13 divisions. Our work covers the entire spectrum of the university operations. We serve students, faculty, administrators in the greater university community in so many ways. People are drawn to work at Fairfield because of our mission to provide a transformative experience for everyone engaged with Fairfield. Our individual responsibilities in large and small ways help constitute the spirit that is Fairfield University. We look forward to supporting you as you lead our university. Thank you, Mr. Testani. Fairfield University, a master's comprehensive university, offers graduate degrees in 42 distinct academic programs. Ms. Breanna Tancredi, a graduate student from the Dolan School of Business, will speak on behalf of our 1,080 graduate students. Welcome, Dr. Nemek. It is my privilege on this occasion to represent the graduate students of the various schools and colleges of Fairfield University. We welcome you as our ninth president and support you and your efforts to further the intellectual, spiritual, and social outreach goals of Fairfield University. Graduate education has been a part of the university since its earliest years when the first master's degrees were awarded in 1951 by Fairfield's oldest school of education and allied professions. Other graduate programs followed in the Dolan School of Business, the School of Nursing, the College of Arts and Sciences, and the School of Engineering, with a total of 30 graduate degree programs offered today. The women and men who attend these professional programs come to Fairfield University to participate in an educational experience that has an outstanding reputation for academic rigor and relevance. When I complete my graduate degree, I, like many others, will come away with the necessary insights, expertise, and credentials to develop and advance both intellectually and professionally. We will all come away with a fuller appreciation of the ethical underpinnings of all the educational offerings for which Fairfield University is known. Graduate students, most of us part-time, bring to Fairfield a rich array of our own work and life experiences to the classroom, where we are met with an exceptional degree of warmth and respect among faculty and students. This graduate experience will enrich our lives, both personally and professionally, when we leave Fairfield as well-trained and compassionate individuals. We look forward to working with you, Dr. Nemek, and together fulfilling the Fairfield University goal of learning and integrity while developing men and women for others. We welcome you and wish you much success and satisfaction in your presidency at Fairfield University. Thank you. Thank you, Ms. Tancredi. The undergraduate students at Fairfield University, number 3,800, and at this ceremony are represented by Ms. Kara Gibbons, President of the Fairfield University Student Association. Ms. Gibbons will now offer a welcome from the undergraduate. Welcome, President Nemek. It is my privilege on this occasion as the President of the Fairfield University Student Association to represent the undergraduate students. We welcome you as our ninth president and support you and your efforts to further the intellectual, spiritual, and social goals of the Fairfield University community. Undergraduate education at Fairfield University has always centered around the ideal of men and women for others and the care of the whole person. Our undergraduate education across all of the schools is seen in a sound liberal arts core curriculum combined with superb education in our chosen profession of field. The vibrancy of the undergraduate experience at Fairfield University rest in our academic achievements as well as our social engagements with each other and with the world around us. We as undergraduates excel in service to the community. Our mission volunteer trips make a difference for us and others around the world. We have consistently been recognized for our efforts in hunger cleanup. As an undergraduate group, we also hold a very strong record intellectually in earning Fulbright awards and other prestigious academic awards. Our life at Fairfield is a balance of intellectual and social activity. We pride ourselves on our strong athletic and intramural activities as well as our extensive student performing art groups. We look forward to working with you to enhance the undergraduate experience for all of our students. As undergraduates, we chose Fairfield University for its Jesuit tradition for its opportunities to interact with faculty and for the opportunity to grow with an extraordinary group of young people. I speak for all the students when I say that the seniors in their last year as well as the freshmen looking forward to four years at Fairfield University are all pleased to welcome you and we pledge to work with you to enhance the educational and social experiences at Fairfield University for all of us. We wish you well and we assure you support. Thank you. Thank you Ms. Gibbons. This afternoon, we are fortunate to have as members of the platform party two prior presidents of Fairfield University. The Reverend Jeffrey P. Von Arks of the Society of Jesus and Dr. Lynn Babington, now president of Chaminade University. Father Von Arks served Fairfield from 2004 to 2016 and President Babington graciously led the university in 2017 until the arrival of Dr. Mark Nemek. Father Von Arks will first present the university MACE to President Nemek. Following the presentation of the MACE, Father Von Arks will be joined by President Babington to bestow on Dr. Nemek the chain of office. Dr. Nemek, the MACE symbolizes the president's authority and responsibility to support and encourage the seeking of knowledge by students and faculty. As is appropriate for Fairfield University, it contains the seals of the Society of Jesus, of the university and of the state of Connecticut. On its sphere is a silver cross indicating the illuminating power of the church and the world. We present this MACE to you this day to emphasize the higher calling as the Jesuit motto inscribed here states. The university exists and the president leads a Majorum Day Glorium for the greater glory of God. The office, the noble symbol of the office of the president is a cast medallion of the university seal. Fairfield seal combines elements of the badge of the Society of Jesus, the coat of arms of the diocese of Hartford and clusters of grapes taken from the town of Fairfield seal denoting the verdant fields of this town and county. Dr. Mark Richard Nemek, we are happy to place on you the chain of office worn by the president of Fairfield University. The leadership and future of this very special university now rests with you. May you enjoy your tenure as president and may God continue to bless you in Fairfield University. Thank you, Father Von Arks and President Babington. I am now honored to invite Mr. Frank J. Carroll III, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, to formally invest Dr. Mark Richard Nemek as the ninth president of Fairfield University. As chairman of the Board of Trustees, it is my happy privilege to invest you with the powers of the president of Fairfield University. I invest you with the power to confer degrees, to grant promotion and tenure, to represent Fairfield University in all matters related to the mission of the university. I and my fellow board members are confident that our university will flourish under your guidance. As a symbol of your office, I entrust you with the charter of Fairfield University. May God bless you in your endeavors and may Fairfield University continue to prosper. Thank you, Mr. Carroll. Assistant Provincial, members of the Board of Trustees, elected officials, honored guests, faculty, students, staff, and administrators. I now present to you Dr. Mark Richard Nemek, the ninth president of Fairfield University to give his inaugural address. Members of the Board of Trustees, presidents Von Arks and Babington, Bishop Cagiano, Assistant Provincial Maracchi and other religious and community leaders, Congressman Himes and other elected officials, fellow presidents and their delegates, members of the Fairfield Jesuit community, faculty and staff of Fairfield University, students of Fairfield University, alumni, friends, and family. It is a great and humbling honor to welcome you all to our campus and our community. As I now have the chance to reciprocate the amazingly warm and supportive reception, Susie, our four children, Alex, Teddy, Philip, and Kit, and I have received from this wonderful place. In addition to welcoming you, I would like to begin by offering a reflection on Fairfield's past as a springboard for a broader conversation about our future. As a university's ninth Ignatian but first lay leader, I am called to serve as steward of this institution with a sense of awesome responsibility. Awesome in the sense of being in awe, but also as someone who grew up in Southern California in the early 80s, awesome in the sense of being utmost excited at the prospect. A tangible sense of awe and excitement might be true for any new president, but to be asked to lead this institution at this time is truly a privilege. 2017 marks the 75th anniversary of Fairfield's founding. While any diamond jubilee is an occasion to celebrate, I would politely suggest ours is particularly unique. For when we pause a moment to reflect on Fairfield's founding date of 1942, we are struck by the audacity of our founders. Think about it. To establish an institution of learning in the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbor when both college-aged students and building materials would be in short supply speaks to a deep and unceasing faith in the dignifying power of education. This faith was soon rewarded as the passage of the GI Bill greatly expanded access to higher education and allowed the fledgling Fairfield University to grow rapidly in response to many first-generation students from the region. Starting with our first college graduates in the class of 1951, we quickly expanded and developed in keeping with our founding vision as a comprehensive institution serving undergraduate and graduate populations. Recognizing the need to evolve 20 years after that first graduating class, Fairfield accepted our first class of women in 1971. Building upon this legacy and buoyed by a remarkable and dedicated community, the last 40 years have seen Fairfield on an exceptional trajectory of continued growth and enhanced impact as we seek to further serve the Northeast United States and beyond. As someone who has been described in one publication as an historically-minded political scientist, I offer this context not simply as an exercise in nostalgia, but rather as a frame for thinking about our future. I also offer it with a civilian recognition of the power and significance of civic institutions to the American experiment and to a belief that our universities have been an essential, if not arguably, the essential civic institution to the relative success of that experiment. However, currently, we are at an inflection point, a point at which the long-term prospects for the American democratic experiment are by no means guaranteed and the role of higher education as the formational, intellectual, social, and cultural institution for its citizenry is under scrutiny as not only our relevance, but the fundamental good of our work is being questioned. Though daunting, our prospects are not bleak. In fact, I would suggest that just as the pains of the Civil War and reconstruction in the upheaval, the late 1800s forged the 20th century university, a model which has served us for the last 125 years or so, our current environment presents us with a chance to define the next 125 years of higher education. What will the next 75, 100, 125 years look like? I won't pretend to offer an answer, let alone hazard a guess. I do, however, wish to use this occasion as a platform to begin this conversation. The world needs the work we do, but we must also, as my predecessor has stated, meet the world as it is. We must be committed to remain relevant. For Fairfield, this is a unique opportunity, an opportunity to be a model for 21st century higher education, an opportunity to be the modern Jesuit Catholic university. Thankfully, our legacy, the amazing work and dedication of previous generations of students, faculty, staff, and Jesuits, means we are poised for this moment. For while I do not know what the next 75 years holds, I do know that values-based, student-centric, outcomes-focused education, the kind of education that Fairfield offers is what will define the modern university. Before I share some thoughts on the characteristics and parameters of the modern Jesuit Catholic university, let me stress, this is not a call for radical change. But rather a call for deliberate evolution. And like any organic and organizational evolution, it is about taking aspects of our being and adapting them to a changing environment. Our mission remains clear. The formation of men and women for others with the desire they pursue social justice and productive citizenship. To ensure we are most effective in this purpose, I would ask we be more deliberate about three particular characteristics of our efforts and cognizant of three parameters of our work. Our efforts to be the modern Jesuit Catholic university will be defined by three characteristics. A commitment to lifelong learning. A commitment to holistic formation and a commitment to extensive and expansive partnership. Allow me a few moments to further illuminate each and to begin by emphasizing we will embrace all three with mages, a dedication to excellence in all things. First, we must continue to recognize that we are not simply training men and women for their first job or next stage of education. Rather, we are forming them for a lifetime of learning. The world is at a remarkable moment. Advances in wellness and healthcare mean for the first time in human history, the number of people over the age of 65 is greater than the number of people under the age of five. We also know that many of the bodies of knowledge and disciplines, let alone careers, which will shape the next century, have yet to be developed. Practically, for Fairfield, these phenomenon mean we need to ensure all our students are not simply taught skills, but rather are instilled with a capacity that serves them for their lifetime. Additionally, it means we need to be continually growing and developing graduate and professional programs which serve students over the course of their lives. Fairfield's founding purpose as a comprehensive institution means we have always recognized this characteristic. We must now deliberately bring it to the forefront. Second, the modern Jesuit Catholic University must be committed to forming well-rounded men and women, educating them through a commitment to core personalities. Caring for the mind, caring for the body, and caring for the spirit. Some might rightfully ask how modern such a concept really is, as it stems from an almost 500-year tradition of Ignatian spirituality. However, cura personalis has a uniquely modern resonance as scholars of neuroscience have begun to appreciate how the body knows its mind. In other words, learning is enhanced, education is more impactful when we recognize the connection between physicality and cognition. In recent years, we have affirmed Fairfield's commitment not just to the mind, but also the body and the spirit of our students and must continue to do so in the years ahead. Third, to be a model for 21st century higher education, we must be expansive in efforts and extensive in outreach. Looking beyond our disciplines and our schools, we must continue to foster a multidisciplinarity which is more than simple collaborations across faculty, but rather a mindset which encourages faculty and students to pursue knowledge through a systematic inquiry which perfectly reaches for frameworks of analysis outside of one's home, discipline, and field. Again, I share these characteristics not as a suggestion to pivot from our past, but rather as a call to be deliberate about our future. In being deliberate, I ask we focus not just on the characteristics of our work, but on its parameters. For if we are to be modern, if we are to be the modern Jesuit Catholic University, we must also be national in scope, global in outlook, and unbounded in approach. Fairfield's location as a gateway to both New England and the Tri-State region and our origins as an institution serving local students are two attributes of which we're justifiably proud. At the same time, however, shifting demographics that declined in the Northeast college age population suggest we will not be able to maintain the quality of student or scale of enrollment we desire by simply focusing where we always have. I've been asked if I'm worried that being national in scope will mean we lose something unique about Fairfield. I would propose the opposite. I fear that if we stay regionally focused, we will have to compromise on our values and on our quality. Being national in approach is essential if we are to maintain and enhance inclusive excellence. Regardless of from where our students, faculty, and staff join to be a modern Jesuit Catholic University, we must ensure we are forming men and women with the broadest possible outlook. For while we recognize that we are an institution molded by the great advance of American higher education over these last 125 years, we are also part of a Jesuit tradition that from its very outset look beyond home nation and are part of the 21st century where excellence demands a global habit of mind. Having sat almost exactly two years ago to this day interviewing prospective graduate students in the beautiful Indo-Gothic courtyard of the Jesuit Saint Xavier's College Autonomous of the University of Mumbai, I can attest to how a setting might be foreign, but our values can be so shared and so familiar. It is owing to these same values that we must also be unbounded in approach. As a Jesuit Catholic University, we are called to educate ever broader populations in ever more innovative ways. As a modern institution, we recognize that formation is not limited to the classroom. Co and extracurricular experiences are as fundamental to our overall work as seminars and lectures. Additionally, as a 21st century educational enterprise, we are blessed with tools of the digital age which offer unfathomable opportunities for impact and inclusion, but which simultaneously can literally be weapons of societal decay. However, the dark side of the internet should never turn us away from its potential. Our mission demands we are continually seeking to expand our impact. We must use every resource at our disposal. Or to put it simply, I have hypothesized that none of the Jesuit community here at Fairfield have disagreed. If the internet were available in Saint Ignatius Loyola's day, you know he would have used it. You may have noticed the three characteristics and three parameters I described are not mutually exclusive. In fact, I believe they are inextricably linked. Dare I say unified. And it is with this thought that I wanna close by reflecting on what it means for Fairfield to be a modern university, in opposition to the post-modern multiversity. To be a university, we must always celebrate and embrace the truth. Fundamental to this pursuit of truth is civil discourse and disagreement. As Robert George and Cornell West have jointly written, quote, the pursuit of knowledge and the maintenance of a free and democratic society require the cultivation and practice of the virtues of intellectual humility, openness of mind, and above all, love of truth. These virtues will manifest themselves and be strengthened by one's willingness to listen attentively and respectively to intelligent people who challenge one's belief and who represent causes one disagrees with and points of view one does not share. None of us is infallible. All of us should be willing, even eager, to engage with anyone who is prepared to do business in the currency of truth-seeking discourse by offering reasons, marshaling evidence, and making arguments. The more important the subject under discussion, the more willing we should be to listen and engage, especially if the person with whom we are in conversation will challenge or deeply held, even our most cherished and identity-forming beliefs, end quote. While a statement for the modern context, George and West are also reflecting two fundamental Ignatian values, contemplation and discernment, and ability to pause, and ability to listen, and ability to think. As steward of this great university, this is my one ask, my one prayer for us all, that we as an institution, we as a community, we as a family continue to uphold our core values and commitments while embracing the challenge of being a model for the 21st century. So we may make the most of our blessings, so we may continue our rise, and so we may do so all for the greater glory of God. Thank you very much. Thank you, Dr. Nemeck. To bring the investor to a close, the Reverend Mark Scalise of the Society of Jesus, Director of Campus Ministry will offer the benediction. Reverend Scalise. Let us pray. Good and gracious God. Source of life and wisdom. We conclude this happy occasion by giving you thanks and asking your blessings. We thank you for the gifts you have conferred upon Fairfield University. Our students whose idealism and open spirits fill us with hope. Our staff whose care and dedication to our students inspire us. Our faculty whose scholarship helps us to understand our world and enlarges our intellectual horizons. Our administrators whose management of the university and vision for its future lead us forward. We thank you for the trustees who make certain that Fairfield continues to thrive and remains financially secure. And for the many benefactors and friends whose generosity make it all possible. Loving God. At this unique moment in Fairfield's history, we ask you to bless Dr. Mark Nemek now as he formally assumes his duties as its ninth president. Be with him, guide him and sustain him. May the ideals with which he begins his service remain with him always, and may his leadership both inspire and draw upon the collective talents that surround him. Bless to Dr. Nemek's wife and children whose own lives are impacted by his new role. May they grow and thrive here, and may Fairfield become for them a place of real community, deep friendship and true home. Finally, Lord, on this special occasion, continue to bless Fairfield University. May this school always educate women and men who uphold the highest ideals of the Jesuit and Catholic education that they have received, and in doing so, give ever greater glory to you. We ask this knowing that you are our loving God for ever and ever. Amen. On behalf of all present, may I say congratulations, President Nemek, ninth president of Fairfield University. Thank you.


I am Reena Rose, Assistant Professor, Department of MCA in Sensavius Engineering College, Nagar Goyal. I know the audience are from different disciplines and I hope that I can make you enjoy my presentation. The topic is role of face recognition in computer vision. By computer vision, we mean making computer identify objects using digital images. So the outline is this, introduction, issues in face recognition, applications, and then how it works and finally the conclusion. Let me first explain what is face recognition system. It's nothing but a computer application that automatically identify or verify person by using facial features from the face. So this particular system has distinct advantage over other biometric systems like fingerprint, palm print and iris extra. So there are a lot of facial features are there like geometric, skin texture, 2D, photometric, etc. I have listed only two. So geometric. To obtain geometric features, we can select some fiducial points from the face and the distances between that point can be the feature. Second feature is skin texture. Textures are nothing but repetitive patterns that can be calculated for every pixel in the, every point in the face with the intensity value difference between it and its surrounding pixels. So you can see an image which makes you understand what is texture. So the art of face recognition is quite complex because of lot of issues like viewing angle of the face. You can see two faces of the same person, first one the frontal face and the second one a rotated one. So from the first, we can have lot of information or the whole information, whole detail of a face. The second, we will get a little fewer than the first one. So how we make computer identify these two faces are for a single person. That's an issue, for lighting. So this can also affect the image. Next is aging. So you can see two images of a single person at the age of two and at the age of 22. So how we make computer identify these two are of same person. Next is facial expressions. So a big smile can render the system less effective. So that is also a serious issue in face recognition. So next is facial faces partially covered with objects like cap, spectacles, etc. So recognizing identical team is also a serious issue that has to be considered while developing face recognition systems. So you can see the features are very similar. So these are all the applications of face recognition. We can prevent frauds in ATM, avoid voters duplication and we can also use face recognition to verify passport visa and driving licenses. We can also use this to identify or verify miscreants at airports, railways stations and malls for better security. We can also use effectively this system effectively for important examinations such as CAD gate, civil service exam, medical and engineering, etc. So we can replace completely the barcode system which is currently present with face recognition. Next we will see how this face recognition system works. So for this first we have to acquire images by using some equipments like CCTV, camera, etc. And before directly processing it we have to do some filtering process because often the equipments used for acquiring images may not produce good images always. So we have to pre-process the images. There are several pre-processing techniques available. We can use that to pre-process the image and after pre-processing we can direct it to feature extraction process. So as I said we can have several features from the face like geometric, skin texture, 3D features and photometric.  It is given as the input for face recognition. So this face recognition system has two phases, training phase and testing phase. In the training phase, sample images are collected and they are pre-processed and the features are computed and they are stored in a database. During testing an image under test is pre-processed and the features are extracted and they are matched with the images or the features we have in the database. And the image with the feature that closely matched will be considered as the recognized one. I have listed some recent publications regarding face recognition. Biometric system has distinct advantage over other biometric system because the images are readily, face images are readily available and it can also be easily captured from a distance without the knowledge of the person and there is no interaction needed to verify the person. Comprehensive research is needed to solve outstanding challenges and to propose novel solutions for face recognition system. With this I conclude. Thank you. Rina, you stuck to time and you made a decent presentation.


Good morning everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien, coming to you live from TFNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida, 9 a.m. Eastern time on Wednesday. Excuse me, Wednesday? Is it Wednesday? I think it's Thursday, isn't it? It is Thursday. Thursday, October 17th, coming at you 9 a.m. 30 minutes to go into the opening bell. We got a lot happening this morning. We got a potential Brexit deal. We got Netflix trading dramatically higher on their earnings last night. IBM pulling back on their earnings. Dow futures right now up 68 points trading at 27,008. S&P futures up 9 at 3,000 on the dot. We got Nasdaq futures up 32 points at 79, 80. Ten-year yield 1.754%. We're going to start things off with the news of the morning and catching the most headlines probably potential Brexit deal. UK and the EU striking a new Brexit deal in last-ditch talks. As this comes out though, you're already seeing members of parliament coming out saying they're going to vote against it and to bring you up to speed on how that plays out. There's your spike in the pound on the initial news all the way up to 129.8 and then as reality sets in of some of those politicians over in Great Britain pulling back to 127.6. Now at 128.2 you just had a press conference out there with Boris Johnson and the market kind of pairing most of those gains overnight but a hard Brexit may be off the books. Maybe that's what that market is pricing in. Jumping through some of the markets, gold contract trading at 14.94 right now. You've got crude oil trading just above $53 at 53.10. S&P 500, 3,000 on the dot. Nasdaq 100 trading at 79.81 right now and the Dow 30 trading 27,008. Big day in news. Earnings continue. We'll jump to some of the headlines. There's your Netflix headline soaring 8% after beating on earnings despite a miss on subscribers. So a lot contained in there but there are your big numbers. Domestic only adding 517 versus 800,000 but international adding 6.26 versus about 6 million expected to be added. IBM on the other side of that missing on revenue, their breakdown, the revenue miss 18.03 billion versus 18.22. Pretty much coming in line with earnings and we'll jump to some of those charts. We'll start it off with Netflix. Remarkable, the expected move on the Thinkorswim platform last night folks was about $27. You're looking at $24 right now that this is trading up and IBM looking to trade down about $9 as it opens about $133.41 right now. Stay tuned folks. Larry Pesavento coming up live with Trade What You See. I'll be back at 10 o'clock with Tom live programming all day at TFNN. Stay tuned. We'll be right back.


What would happen if you harvested the Planner of Plenty a hundred times? Well, I wanted to figure out the answer to this question, so after spending the last 800 hours planting over a hundred Planners of Plenty and harvesting them all, then putting all the rewards into a massive spreadsheet, yeah, you get quite a bit of stuff. So let's go over it. I'm sure the thing most of you are curious about is how many Turpentine we managed to get, so the answer is 13, which is actually above average since there's only a 10% chance of getting Turpentine when harvesting pop. Interesting facts about this, our average Turpentine fur planter was 0.13, our longest drought between Turpentines was 34 Planners of Plenty, and twice we managed to get two Turpentine at once, which is only a 1% chance. Now, heading over to the Wax side of things, how many of each Wax do we get? So, for Caustic Wax, we got 14, for Swirled Wax, we got 27, for Soft Wax, we got 1,212, and for Hard Wax, we only got 65. So from this we can tell that Swirled Wax are about two times more common than Caustic Wax are, and Swirled Wax you get quite a bit. And then there were three other items that I decided to track with these 100 Planners, which were Tickets, Gumdrops, and Neon Berries. So let's look at those numbers. For Neon Berries, we actually got a total of 2,367, which is a lot, and actually, on average, we got around 21 per Planner. For Tickets, we got 562 total, which was about an average of around five per Planner, and for Gumdrops, you can get a lot at once, but we actually only got 2,532 total, which is about an average of 25 per Planner Tape. So that's all the items that we tracked, pretty cool stuff if you ask me. If you want to check out the spreadsheet for yourself, the link is in the description, you can go look at that. So now I'm just going to show you the 11 or so Planners that actually gave a Turpentine, and thanks so much for watching. If you made it this far, consider subscribing. Yep.