Yeah, him and hot dogs already kind of where they came from. I Have to thank you Justin Robert Young Why this is gonna embarrass you stop but you were my inspiration For doing pretend. I'm dumb about Star Wars Channeled your one-man show Talents as much as I could I I for whatever reason and and I think it definitely is is a compliment This is like the three that the third or fourth time That people that I know that are I know are great kind of broadcaster great great podcasters that have done Single Mike things and said that they took inspiration from from the jury show thing. Yeah Especially the one at Nerdtacular that was the one that really got me. I was like damn. That's good. Oh Yeah, I know the one the one-man show.  Well, thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah Garrett Garrett This has been fun It's hard man. It's different mind space all together. Yeah, and it's what's what's um What's hard about it is a You know not losing yourself in the weeds of like, oh, is this boring am I like you can't listen to yourself, right?  I mean, I'm not even doing it live, right? So there's no one there at all reacting All right. Well, since you guys both have each other to talk to The half hour long daily show a premiered in on July 20 or 21st 1996 and Craig Gilburn only hosted it for two years Wow, it's only two years. That's crazy 1998 when John Stewart took over in 1999 hmm all right Shall we shall we do a little tech news? Hey, let's go ahead and do that. All right You video people you get you get a little soft opening here. I hope you don't mind just easing the tension If you would like to donate to the daily tech news show simply go to daily tech news show comm slash donate donate via patreon monthly Or just one sphere bitcoin or paypal if you want a t-shirt go to slash loop.com. Thank you This is the daily tech news for Wednesday December 10th 2015. I'm Tom married joining me today. Mr. Justin Robert young of So many things including the DTNS night attack Jury show What do I got could go on if I could remember all well? This is the only one that matters today and the only one that ever matters in my heart is daily tech news show. Oh, please Oh, please. Yeah, no listen. Yeah, you really put together a fine program here, Tom Well, thanks, you know, I like to think we all have we've worked together like a family raising a barn of tech news Indeed indeed With with with with hay in our hair and a song in our hearts we help you the tech news As SP Sheridan posted in our subreddit the Guardian reports Australian Looking at the wrong page. That's Following on Google open sourcing of its deep learning engine 10th or flow Thursday morning Facebook announced it will open source designs for its big sir Computer server big sir uses 8 GPU boards with dozens of chips on each to run AI algorithms Facebook designed the machine with manufacturer quanta and GPU maker and video So now you can run your open source Google deep learning theoretically on an open design Facebook machine so Think about that You know, this is this is one of the interesting moments for open source for me because For a long time in the 90s, especially there was a lot of doubt about what open source could do in red hat It was one of the companies that came along and showed you could build a real successful business on it And now it's become the default for Emergent technologies to say well, we could try to work on this ourselves But it'll actually be a better product and make us more money if we open source it and get a lot of other People working on it because we'll find bugs faster It'll improve faster and then we'll be able to use a better product and Facebook and Google are competing with each other to give away designs and code Well, and and being strategic about it and understanding where this will benefit them and really I mean it is a very internet Concept right like that is it is with the meeting of all of our minds that we get something better Speaking of Facebook, they're testing a way to keep the news feed fresh and allow commenting Even when a user doesn't have a data connection Facebook will rank downloaded but unviewed stories based on relevancy and factor in image Availability when data connection is slower lost relevant unread stories are displayed instead of a spinner Comments can be made while offline and cash locally until the data connection is reestablished Facebook says it will roll out the new feature quote unquote over time Part of this story feels like it's a great thing. Oh if I'm in Country that doesn't have ubiquitous data connections. Let's say or I'm in the subway I will still be able to get something new out of my Facebook But part of me already just has always been uncomfortable with Facebook messing with the chronological order of the news feed and kind of hate it When Twitter does that too and so how do I keep track if I've actually read stuff and it's fooling me I may think I'm online because it's like oh, I didn't see that before oh wait That's just an older post that I hadn't read yet. I don't know it kind of messes with you a little bit Doesn't it? I mean there is there is a legitimate reason for it And then there is a more self-serving reason for both Twitter and Facebook to take things out of chronological order number one We have more data than we ever have before people tend to follow more and more people and sometimes it's a little untenable to see literally everything that gets posted, but If they screw with what you are seeing and it is not just time wise then they can put things there for a price like ads or boosting posts which is something that Facebook has I think rightfully gotten a lot of criticism for because now They're not beholden to the idea that everything needs to be chronological Well, yeah, Twitter is starting to test out the idea of putting ads to people who aren't logged in which they've never done before So everybody's trying to get ads in front of people's faces more often I kind of think that this has more to do with keeping people using Facebook If you make it feel like you can use Facebook more often even when you don't really have a data connection Then people will that just gets people to spend more time at Facebook which has that knock-on effect of putting ads Although the one thing that you have to look at Twice with this is, you know, how much is it downloading and for people with data caps or or limited data? Does this make Facebook more of a hog? Yeah, I mean you could think oh a few news feed posts. That's not much Well, if they have some images in it could be and if you're on a really limited data plan Even a bunch of news feeds could posts could start to add up or at least, you know, edge you up a little farther So yeah, that is that is something to keep an eye on as well Insta-correction. It's Thursday. I think I said Wednesday Google is rolling out collaborative shared albums for Google photos today According to a company blog post like before an album can be shared with just a link But recipients of the link can now choose the option to add their own photos and videos and get notifications when new picks are added Plus photos and videos from a shared album can be saved to your Google photos library Even if you're the recipient shared albums is available for Android iOS and the web starting today along with Chromecast support if you want to put those albums up on your television I Tried this with my sister and she said oh, I deny I denied the the request to participate So maybe it was just the wrong time, but yeah, otherwise it worked Yeah photos for Google like even going back to Picasso has has always been something that they have done well and yet You know they're not known for you know that they don't necessarily have a brand for it And then maybe it is because they they they they they jettisoned, you know The fairly beloved Picasso brand in favor of Google photos I would I would have to say though that just the fact and this isn't new here But just the fact that I can share an album and now collaborate on an album of photos with just a link Warms my standards cross-platform loving heart. I Don't have to use a fancy JavaScript share button I can just get a link and then I can do whatever I want with it If I want to put it in an email or a text message or whatever and maybe that's just kind of old school But it works for me. Well, and it's what Google does well I mean, there's a reason why they have remained the standard in terms of we're reading all these stories on a Google Spreadsheet that we use it because it's super easy to do though They don't always do that stuff well, you know Search results often when you right-click to save the link give you some tracking URL instead of the actual link. Oh No, no, that's that's stuff like that. Yeah, no, it's me Anyway, it's just a crazy Wednesday here DC mag reports a new flicker app for gear VR highlights 360 degree photos from flicker flicker claims tens of thousands of 360-degree photos have been uploaded over the years you can get the flicker VR app from the store tab at the bottom of Oculus home So you have to have a gear VR obviously, but that makes perfect sense for flicker We've got tons of 360 degree and sometimes I'm not saying 360 degree to means a spherical or pyarster Indian or whatever it is like actual just panoramic videos You can get your photos you can go look at those in your browser, too But why not take advantage of gear VR for the people that have it seems smart? I mean it it is smart I just don't know whether or not this is going to be the thing that people want to use You are for you know, I think we still need one more layer Yeah, this is the thing that people who have a gear VR go Oh, I have something new to use my gear VR for today not the thing that people go Oh, I've always used my gear VR for flicker VR. It's it's kind of a passing fad I think CNET reports the Chromecast audio has two new updates multi room music is now supported So taken on Sonos a little bit there if your group speakers under one name in your Chromecast app You can stream to all of them at once Chromecast audio also supporting higher resolution music files up to 24 bit 96 kilohertz over Wi-Fi What was that? I can't hear you because I'm playing awesome high-res music all over my house Justin this is a fascinating attack on Sonos because Sonos is High-end technology they want to inhabit that kind of bang and Olufsen, you know sound matters You know you've seen in all of their ads You know Rick Rubin and other people who are noted audio files being very particular about exactly how they want their speakers To sound and it is by and large a very very well-reviewed product, but Chromecast takes that on the other end there. They're a fairly cheap Solution that does the really cool thing that Sonos does with your bang and Olufsen speakers perhaps right You could you don't have to buy a speaker from Google you can use this with whatever speakers you've got In fact, we're using Chromecast audio with Sonos speakers and the line-in input And and I found that I go to the Chromecast tab way more often than because I don't have to go into the Sonos app And then find the thing and then play the thing and then oh I've changed the cue I can just press a cast button Done Apple music right am I missing December 15th Apple music comes to Sonos. Oh my lord so only five more days in this Nightmare though of not having my Apple music on my sonos can be over Otherwise, I'm just gonna get it. This is a national nightmare. Yeah, it's terrible. You know hey listen everybody Please pity me send send me a tweet that says Justin. You're a real brave hero Meanwhile, I'll read you this story wired reports by new announced its autonomous BMW 3 series car successfully navigated an 18.6 mile complicated route through Beijing The route included side streets and highways making turns u-turns lane changes and passing other cars Bydu says it's aiming first for autonomous vehicles that will be limited geographically like for a bus route Reuters ads Samsung said Wednesday It'll create a team to develop in car entertainment satellite navigation and other autonomous driving technology I would say that later this month on December 31st when we do our predictions show Some self-driving car predictions seem like fallow ground Yeah, you know, well, we're definitely going to see you know whether or not We see a few of those predictions I question on whether or not this actually happened and it's not just bydu saying it did because the fog in Beijing is so thick You think that the car was I mean there's video of the car But you think that the car might have just like ran through some cars and people and nobody could tell You know, it's like they oh look the autonomous car went through a big Just couldn't see the driver driver. He doesn't I don't know. Does he yeah? Okay. All right enough with your Chinese pollution jokes I actually do think this is this is great the idea by do getting in on this We have more people than ever working on autonomous cars. We are gonna have autonomous cars Not even just within our lifetime Justin. We're gonna have them soon and Samsung's incredibly smart Positioning themselves as a supplier of parts if they you know eventually make a car too possibly But you Samsung makes a lot of money selling sensors and chips and parts And so this makes sense for them to develop a team that works on that now before it gets big So the question is You know, where do we start to see the application for it? And and and that's something that I'm sure we will talk about in our prediction Yeah, that's an interesting choice of by do right to say, you know what? We're not gonna go right like Google right to the end game We're gonna start with something that's a little more limited like geographical bus routes and stuff like that That may prove to be a wise choice as well they also have a shorter a shorter route to having these out in the streets because by do is some you know Do do business in China you are best to be a Chinese company and and by do Getting governmental approval to do stuff seems like a quicker path than it would take even here with a company like Tesla or Google in California EU Justice Commissioner Vera Jerova set Thursday that a new safe harbor deal to allow easier data transfer between Europe and the United States Will include a suspension clause that could be activated under what she called Concrete conditions the EU is seeking certain privacy guarantees from the United States Commissioner Jerova said she hoped the deal would be in place by January She's very optimistic Yeah, it seems like a pretty speedy timetable. Yeah, it could happen. You're gonna have Automatic launched a windows app for WordPress the app works with any wordpress.com site or a WordPress install with jetpack installed a WordPress app for OS 10 was launched On November 23rd a Linux version is coming soon WordPress powers what we heard like 25% of websites that of the top 10,000 websites So this is a big deal for people having it on OS 10 was interesting having on Windows means you get it on the majority of machines That are administering WordPress. It's a lovely piece of software They rewrote wordpress.com from the ground up to make this work and it's then and when it comes to Linux It'll be cross-platform the three major platforms automatic seems to be killing it right now absolutely No, this is this is a huge thing and wordpress one, you know if you look at the battle for who would be the dominant way to make websites wordpress as You've done a fantastic job Captain Kirk Burr sent us the Reuters report that Walmart has launched its own mobile payment service Thursday called Walmart pay The service will be available on Apple and Android devices So iOS and Android allow payments with any major credit debit prepaid or Walmart gift card Of course company had been co-developing the currency mobile wallet with other retailers and Their new solution similar to currency requires customers to scan a code on the register With their phones camera in order to pay. It's not an NFC solution.  Do you still don't think they can make people's money? You're right. I'm talking myself out of it No, yeah, the Walmart that I used to go to all the time in Florida had to take out the Automated self-checkout machines because they were too complicated for for the Walmart citizenry I don't see them using a clunky app let alone, you know an app getting mass adoption Minor rant here the other night when my wife needed some pseudofed Thanks to Senator Diane Feinstein. I had to show my driver's license in order to purchase it Because maybe I'm a meth maker. I don't know it doesn't matter that my wife's miserable and needs pseudofed I took 20 minutes to pay. Well, okay, it wasn't quite 20 minutes took way longer to pay because of the new chip card System at CVS wasn't working You know what I could have you done CVS because you have NFC could have paid with Apple pay and be done with it But no you turn that off because you're a currency company. Thanks a lot CVS Mmm, and send hot fire. Holy smokes normally even tempered Tom Merritt quite a diatribe It's a mini rat. Hmm. It's good. It's a deep way. Do you need to congested this last thing you want to do? Oh, no, it was the absolute worst and Florida has the same thing where you can You can only buy X amount of boxes from each store So God forbid you are a regular user of of pseudofed and it makes you feel better and life is good when you have it Yeah, yeah Well folks submit your stories to us. Let us know what you want us to talk about Daily tech news show dot reddit.com is our subreddit which has more than 5,000 almost 6,000 people in there Letting us know about cool stories and voting on each other's stories It's a big old party Tyler puts in topics in there sometimes in advance of the show So you guys could kick those around before we even get to talking about it. It is a fantastic thing Please go check it out daily tech news show dot reddit.com and that is a look at the headlines All right, I'm gonna play here's some things CEO Brian Roberts of Comcast said yesterday at the business insider ignition conference. You ready? Yeah He's talking about data caps Henry Blodgett interviewing him and Robert said well Just as with every other thing in your life if you drive a hundred thousand miles or a thousand miles You buy more gasoline turn on the air conditioning down to 60 or from 72 you consume more electricity Same's true for broadband usage the more bits you use the more you pay I Like this bit the tone-deaf CEO bit that he's doing that's You think it's a bit you just having fun. No, also he said they're not a cap These data caps. We don't want anybody to ever not want to stay connected on our network And he's sort of right. They used to be a cap now They're just a limit after which you have to pay extra So you have to pay ten dollars a month to get 50 gigabytes in the places where Comcast has the limit They don't have the limit everywhere. You can still pay 30 to 35 dollars more a month for unlimited So it's not as unreasonable Recode also has a report today saying Verizon is testing toll-free data Or they allow the website or the service that's delivering the data to pay for the data So it doesn't account against your data cap or your data limit with Verizon thing is Justin Data caps are just a business policy. So I mean That most of the ISPs have stopped trying to say it's a congestion thing There's lots of work out there including posts from Comcast own vice president of internet services saying no This doesn't have to do with easing congestion if we wanted to use congestion We put limits in at times of peak congestion or we do other kinds of things what this is about is figuring out how to spend money So now we hear Robert saying well if you use a bit you should pay for it. Does it is that so is that so insensible? It's not that it's necessarily Insensitive, but I do think that it is a little bit ignorant toward the future and and you are you are sounding more like a Company that is looking backwards than than forwards right now. We see You know a burgeoning amount of you know how many people in the next couple weeks for the holidays are going to get 4k television You are going to see a lot of downloading both in purchasing and streaming of big high resolution content That takes a lot of data, so it seems to me that you would be best if you are in this game Where there is more competition than there ever has been? That you would want to be the company that is Listening to those customers that want more data and really all we you know just Give a reasonable price They'll figure out what the price is where people can use as much data as they can use for at a good speed and No, what when we talk about using data? Are we worried the Comcast will run out of data if we use too much of it Thankfully we are beyond beyond that particular argument right like there is But that's the thing he he's sort of beyond it, but he's saying You know if you use gas you got to buy more gas Data isn't like gas when I download a movie. It doesn't take the movie away It doesn't even take the bits that brought me the movie away. All it does is use the system Electricity is a little more similar, but at the same time like there's a limit There's electricity has to be delivered it and has to be generated Data is more like the highway like the more you use the highway the more maintenance And so it needs to be you know it needs to be Maintained and of course if a lot of people are trying to use the highway at the same time And then it's you know not as as usable But when you drive over the highway the more miles you use the you don't take away the highway doesn't go away So that's why we don't charge people by the mile on highways usually even toll roads just do kind of an access Usually maybe if you drive more miles they will charge you more. So maybe there isn't an analogy there, but Gas and electricity are the wrong analogies and I think people have been lured into this idea of like oh It's like water if I use more data. I should pay for it Which kind of makes sense in your head, but that's not actually the way data works. Yeah, and and So so here's my question then are we at it feels like we're closer to a tipping point Will people understand these things in a different way? but Are we there yet and if and when will then be now? Well, and that's the thing right what these ISPs are trying to do and I think it's reasonable for them to try to do it Just don't give me a BS excuse They're trying to come up with different ways of charging and and we are all comfortable with the idea of okay If I'm gonna get 50 megabits per second I pay this much But if I wanted to have faster access 100 megabits per second I pay more that does make sense and that's the way it should work But what ISPs have run into is wow it costs a lot more money to add the capacity to do 200 megabits per second Then it does to just make up a data cap Because we don't have to change anything on our network or invest anything to create a data cap It's free money. So they're trying to squeeze more margin out And and that's why they're trying to do this It's perfectly natural for a business to want to do that But it's also I think a symptom of the lack of competitiveness in the landscape too How much of these kinds of problems and and and by that you mean kind of tone deaf Explanations of why business policies are the way that they are you think is Based on the idea that you know Verizon's a telephone company Comcast is a cable company. They they are that everybody seems to come even like people that we like like Google and Google fiber and everything They're a ad sales company that is doing you know, everybody delivering internet right now seems to be doing other things that have brought them into this field and now are these major players in this industry, but there's really a very very few except for you know a few like a smaller Internet providers or ISPs You don't really see a lot of homegrown companies that are only hey This is what the only thing that we do is provide internet to you. Yeah well and until These companies like Comcast and Verizon figure out other ways to have a growing bottom line for their shareholders They are going to continue to try to figure out how to squeeze more money out of their existing internet infrastructure The best thing that can happen Is what's happening with Verizon where they're buying AOL and a lot of people think maybe they'll try to buy Yahoo And they start to create a business that makes money off the internet and then eventually spin out Their internet service providers to companies who are comfortable with being an infrastructure company rather than a growth profit company Again, I shouldn't say it that way because every company wants to be a growth profit company But infrastructure companies understand the curve of growth that they're on and Verizon and Comcast. They want a steeper line Well because also at the end of all these arguments Don't you always kind of feel like or you could just watch cable? It's like or you could just you know your cell phone plan, right I Mean Comcast is trying to walk that line very carefully of like keep don't make the cap so low that it's obvious We're nudging them into cable But keep it right at the pressure point so that they're like well Maybe I won't watch Netflix because I've only got you know a couple more gigs left on my data cap for the month Yeah, it just seems so weird that that there's just nobody in this space. That is just to be there in that space, you know, I Mean there are there are a few but it's very very few And and it goes back to our net neutrality discussions of a years ago And I don't want to dig up that old saw again today necessarily But if you have five ISPs to choose from and some have data caps and some don't then it becomes a healthy Marketplace that can work itself out if you have maybe one fiber Place to choose from one sort of high speed and then one like unacceptably slow speed. That's not really choice Yeah, by the way ATT fiber Coming to Oakland very is it is it though? It's apparently already in LA, but not any zip codes. I can find oh really There's a there's a couple of conspiracy theories out there But there's a couple of well researched arguments saying AT&T is making a big deal out of their fiber When it's not rolled out in as many places as they want you to think so they're like claiming LA and it's in one neighborhood in LA So it will come to Oakland. I don't think they're lying to you about that just Matter of when I don't know man ATT gets here first with gigabit over Google I'm I'll I'll go AT&T for sure. No problem. Oh, no, I can't wait Alright, let's take a look at our pick of the day from Chris in often misrepresented and misunderstood, Jersey Now is that New Jersey or Jersey in England? They both could be misrepresented He says anyone shopping for cars should check out Alex on autos at Alex on autos.com or the aptly named Alex on autos YouTube channel Chris says if you can get past his quirky Matterisms Alex Dykes is one of the most detailed car reviewers online Beyond subjective musings that most reviewers have Alex goes the extra mile to painstakingly explain every little design detail changes from previous models how the cars stack up against the competition and he'll often take on helpful sidebars to explain Infotainment setups important technology and safety designs and then Chris gives an example of an Acura review We're at one point in the video He takes a break from the vehicle to explain an important difference between the two transmission setups on the different trim levels So he goes way into this stuff Anyhow he says I hope this is helpful to some listeners out there I I find the educational overview to be vastly more fulfilling than listening to someone pedal his or her opinion as fact So there you go Chris Alex on autos.com if you're way into cars and want a really detailed car review Chris says you ought to check it out Sounds great Send your picks to us folks feedback in daily tech news show comm you can find my picks at daily tech news show comm slash picks Alright our final message of the day comes from Brent in Minnesota Who says as a person who has both an ag and an IT degree and as a former farmer I thought I'd give some feedback about using drones to spray crops. We talked about the $50,000 Drone that has I think eight heads and can spray crops Brent said the benefits of air delivery won't get stuck in the field Doesn't compact the soil can more easily spray mature crops that grow wide like pumpkins or tall like corn You don't need to put a pilot in so it's a little bit safer one person can deploy multiple drones in a field You can use aerial survey maps to target spray a field for weed problems instead of broadcasting the entire thing That saves you some money No crop damage from driving over part of the crop like a terrestrial sprayer And in the future we could put visual capabilities on the drone to identify specific weeds We want to spray it and only spray that and not the crop plants keeping the chemicals out of the food supply So there's a couple of concerns I could think of different sprays require different gallons per acre some take 25 gallons at acre That's a lot of refilling for a small tank on a drone And how much wind they can take he's like not a huge concerns You don't want to spray in heavy winds anyway, but it is a bit of a concern Brent says you specifically asked if $50,000 was too much for spraying a drone a new combine could cost $300,000 without heads and a terrestrial sprayer could cost about that as well Farmers will pay that if the product works and saves money and or time It is more the cost per acre that is looked at not the total cost of the product And he says I think it'll probably start with agribusiness doing these sorts of things and then eventually be adopted by more farmers He said track the adoption of GPS and agriculture took quite some time But now you don't even have to drive just get your DVD player out and relax tractor does the rest Self-driving tractors all over the place Thank you Brent. That is I'll tell you what man there the the people who listen to this show are Way smarter than me and me too man the collective intelligence of the entire audience of this show is A daunting oh, I'm I'm happy to be but a simple court jester that that hopefully a delights informs and entertains them When they are not ruling the world with their massive intellect Well, and that's what I love is like Brent brings the agra knowledge And I'm sure he benefits from some other knowledge that some other viewer writes in with and et cetera Et cetera, so it all all pools together like that and yeah, we're lucky enough to be allowed to be the ring leaders of this But that is fantastic. Thank you for writing in Brent And thank you Justin Robert young you're you're up to stuff man. How's the contender going? It's going to everybody's mailbox. That's where it's going if you back the contender then it is on its way to you All levels a lot of the top levels have already received them. That's because those came directly from us Thanks to Amazon's fulfillment and shipping system we are getting all the rest of them out there They should be in your hands if not by tomorrow then next week for sure Thank you everybody for for for backing it I got a chance to play the game with Anthony Carboni last night at a bar and even in a crowded Loud bar that happened to have the same red lighting as is the type on the cards making them very hard to read It was a hilarious time I had such such, you know a fun experience Go ahead and get this for yourself the contender dot us You certainly don't need to know anything about politics to play it and enjoy it.  This is the game for you the contender dot us Just like a real candidate you don't need to know anything and you can make people laugh Absolutely the contender dot us Also, jury to legend. I heard about go man. Go jury jury to legend me and and Jocelyn Moffitt We have formed ourselves a little Hearthstone support group we meet twice a week and we discuss our pathway To the highest ranks of hearth heaven the the the the vaunted legend positioning on the ladder, so We'll see I'm at you know, I'm climbing I'm at 14 and get a chance to play as much as I wanted to yesterday But follow on the hashtag hashtag jury to legend or watch our videos on my youtube channel youtube comm slash Justin Robert Yeah, of course if you get value out of this show all we ask is that you tell somebody about it to say Hey, do you check out that daily tech news show if you can if you're willing to and you can afford to you can give us a little bit of a dollar a month at patreon.com slash dts or or daily tech news show comm slash support Or you could help out other members of the community go to go to Amazon and buy the internet is like a snowblower and 200 other things I got wrong about tech this year, which is from Mike range who does our Saturday blog post on daily tech news show comm also Go read our Saturday blog post on daily tech news show comm so much going on so many ways To express whatever value you get out of the show. Thank you for doing that Our email address is feedback in daily tech news show comm you can call us 51259 daily That's 5932459 catch the show live Monday through Friday 4 30 p.m. Eastern Head alpha geek radio comm and diamond club TV and visit our website at daily tech news show comm back tomorrow with lenn Peralta and Darren kitchen talk to you there The show is part of the frog pants network get more at frogpants.com Diamond club hopes you have enjoyed this program I Know Jingo done good show What should we call it? What should we call it?  Are you just happy to see what do you like Jenny? I'm looking in the lower-downs here Wow, I see you just went straight for Comcast sucks. He's like miss.  Let me Showbot sure but Vanilla show but Lemon show but tasty The self-driving car wars have officially begun begun the official self-driving car wars Have Car Wars The Baidu menace Car Wars revenge of the stick shift that's going away like the dodo revenge of the stick Papal of Walmart That's it you like that one Ah Do we go pay dash PLE the way Fred wrote it that work that works. Yes Papal of Walmart Oh great, thanks Roger What happened? I'm responding to something I read. Oh That's awesome And I'm adding it in. Oh To your your ongoing thing that we were talking about before the show Kiannis must macho. Oh Justin Robert. Yeah, everybody's busy today. I Know we're not talking much because we're all doing our jobs Somebody's job I Had to go look up that clip from Tombstone after you wrote I'll be your Huckleberry the other day Yeah, oh my god, Matt says that all the time Justin all the time. I'm your Huckleberry That was W. Scott is one does point out that we are deciding not to go with the SEO of a Comcast title It's true We we have shown a lack of respect for SEO at this show. Yes, I apologize to search engine optimizers everywhere Oh Huckleberry. Oh Justin Robert young is gone. It was that way. He didn't answer me Yes, okay. It says Comcast just fair. I held him I wasn't even looking at the video Must have hit his cap. They must have ran out of bits. I find your lack of SEO respect disturbing Thank you, Dr. Payne you set you wrote that as I was saying it I think because Yeah, although there's a lag so you won't hear it that way, but I looked over after saying it and saw you Climb every optimization All right. Well, we're gonna try to get Justin Well, we won't even try to get back. I don't think it's gonna come back Yeah, we'll need him back because we're totally not gonna record an episode for December 31st here in a few minutes But I'm gonna stop the broadcast. Thanks everybody for watching Goodbye Ellie


Next topic, I would like to introduce about conjunctive use and how to apply our conventional linear programming for this conjunctive use and how to apply the fuzzy logic or fuzzy linear programming in conjunctive use. I have just given an introduction, normally if you see up to 1970s or 80s, 90s, separate models have been developed, large number of optimization techniques to match the supply and demand using many you can say soft computing techniques for surface reservoir operation separately and ground water operation separately, right. But the combined strategy which is the actual practice in the real life was not done much, people have tried, but they have failed and not much literature has appeared on this conjunctive use, everything has stopped only up to the dynamic programming or stochastic dynamic programming, after that we could not go much on this conjunctive use because of large number of variables involved, even surface water reservoir itself is a complex problem and ground water optimization techniques are all much complicated. If I want to mingle these two, then that is almost very difficult to do and optimization. So in such places we try to do certain assumptions, we do from distributed modeling, we go in for lumped models, that means we average certain variables and try to manage the situation and that is why management of surface water and ground water separately, extensive work is done by considering deterministic values, right. We average it over a period of space and time, whereas when I consider the stochasticity in the model, most of the works for surface water we might have heard about stochastic dynamic programming, we consider the stochasticity in the inflow or stochasticity in the reservoir rainfall, these two are the stochasticity considered, whereas nobody has done considering the stochasticity of ground water level variations. It is also a stochastic variable, I like to give an introduction about conjunctive use. Conjunctive use is defined as the planned coordinated combined utilization of surface water and a ground water, right. So I have three objectives here, the first objective is to develop optimal operation strategies for conjunctive use of surface water and ground water and then to study the feasibility and adaptability of fuzzy programming technique in deriving optimal operational strategies for a reservoir aquifer system. And then the next one is to develop a stochastic dynamic programming model considering the stochasticity of both surface water and ground water. And then to demonstrate the use of developed fuzzy and stochastic models in two different irrigation systems, because in real life we will never encounter a system which has stochasticity in both inflow as well as ground water level variations or we never have a situation where we need conjunctive use. So this is different types of conjunctive use we come across in the world. You know conjunctive means using surface water and ground water. I have a command area which has the total command area, the surface water and ground water are mixed together for a given season. That is also a first type of conjunctive use. In some places the entire command area, the surface water is used for some time period and ground water is used for some time period, this is the same command area. We call that as second type of conjunctive use, third type of conjunctive use is the same season part of the command will receive surface water and part of the command will receive ground water. So it is only a combination of spatial variation, temporal variation of utilization of surface water and ground water. Then the last type of conjunctive use is mixing of good quality of surface water and poor quality of ground water or vice versa and using it for irrigation. That is also categorized as conjunctive use. So this is the chronological development of conjunctive use. Conjunctive use is invented accidentally after two major droughts throughout the world in 1940s. So mathematical description of conjunctive use first was given in 1965, after that it took a different deviation, they thought that it is only a stream aquifer interaction problem rather than an optimization problem. So it is only in 1975 or 1980s it was considered as a system analytical problem and it was greatly divided into three techniques, one is optimization mainly to derive the optimal cropping pattern. We have seen literature on linear programming, dynamic programming and non-linear programming. And for optimal allocation, they used both optimization and simulation. Whereas this optimization and simulation technique, this is where many people are working. They use these analytical models and simulation, analytical model to determine the head of water available in the aquifer and simulation to determine the release from the reservoir. So these are all some of the limitations which we go in for real life based upon which we have classified our objectives. Suppose if I do, we have done PhDs and all these things, what we will do is to determine the demand. We use the most sophisticated model, either it is Penman model or Penman-Montyeth model, Blanik-Riddle method, whatever it is and then derive our optimal operating reservoir policies and try to compare it with the real life, it will never match. The main reason is the estimation of this demand. In real life, the releases are based upon not your Blanik-Riddle method or Penman-Montyeth method, that is based upon the conventional duty delta method. So that is why whatever the fine-tuning soft computing techniques we apply in reservoir operation, it will never match with the real life, because we differed from the starting stage itself that means estimation of demand is not the same as what we estimate using soft computing techniques. So what is that difference, if you are able to find out that difference and your model and actually is only that difference that means we can say that estimated using soft computing techniques is more or less fine. So we have done a small work to determine what could be the difference between actual real life method what people are using in the field based upon duty delta method and what is the difference if I use a more sophisticated soft computing method like Penman-Montyeth method or Penman method. Then second one is we used our optimization and simulation for our conjunct use. Then next is we used fuzzy optimization technique for the same problem to prove that, because fuzzy optimization technique is very easy to develop rather than any complicated stochastic dynamic programming. And then finally we developed a stochastic dynamic programming model and compare the results. So this is the first methodology estimation of irrigation water requirements and its comparison. Then second phase is optimal cropping pattern using fuzzy linear programming and a linear programming model. We took two case studies, one is water deficit environment, another one is water logging environment because conjunct use is not only required in water deficit environment, it requires in water logging environment also. There is a different classification for water logging, physically people think that water logging means appearance of water on the ground water. That is not the criteria for water logging classification in an irrigation system. If the water table is within the root zone, we classify that area also as water logged area. And different state governments they have their own methodologies to classify the areas under water logged condition. So in the present study area we took Sriramsagar project as the case study. And the third methodology is application of stochastic dynamic programming. Here we consider the stochasticity in surface water inflow and stochasticity in the ground water variables. So we have selected two case studies, one is lawyer Bhavani reservoir project which is a water deficit environment in Tamil Nadu and Sriramsagar reservoir project which is under water logging environment in Andhra Pradesh. So this is about lawyer Bhavani reservoir project, it is a tributary of Kaveri constructed across river Bhavani which has a capacity of very small 928 million meter cubes. The total command area is 1 lakh, why we have classified this as water deficit environment is it is not the availability of water, yes every year this reservoir gets filled up. But still we classified this as water deficit environment. Because the main canal is 201 kilometer, why I am telling is this before solving any water resource problem I said first one is we have to understand our water resources system. It is not simply applying the technique and getting the solution. So here even though the total command area is 1 lakh hectares, every year we could not irrigate all the 1 lakh hectares. But the dam is designed to irrigate this 1 lakh hectares of dry crop. But during the initial phase of operation and the reservoir was open the farmers have shifted from dry crop to wet crop. So first 5 years it was very good, first time water was coming from the dam, all the people it took 5 years for the farmers to shift from dry crop to wet crop. So after construction of the dam within the 5 years all the 1 lakh hectares are under paddy crop. So even though you have water you cannot release it. Because the canal carrying capacity is fixed based upon the dry crop method. So what happened the government could not release the total area and there was a huge cry among the farmers. Even though there is water in the dam it cannot be opened. So what happened there was a huge clash between the people and 30 years back there was a big fight more than 400 and 500 farmers have been died in the clash between the police and the farmers. So there was a water users association formation and there was a setup to discuss about this problem how to go about technically. So which will be compromised by both the people. So what happened they agreed they don't want to come back to the dry crop. They want only wet crop. Technically for us it is not possible to release the water required for wet crop. So we went for a different type of methodology that is called turn system. That means the total command area will be divided into 2 parts alternative command areas alternative sluices that means only 50% of the area will get water this year. And remaining 50% of the area will get water only next year. That means even though the potential created is 100,000 hectares every year physically only 50,000 hectares gets water. So that is why we classified this as water deficit system and gradually what happened suppose if this system was very badly classified the alternative sluices are considered for irrigation. So what happened when next fellow is getting water this fellow will not keep quite. So he started pumping the groundwater. So because of this the seepage losses have increased and even that 50% area could not be irrigated. So that is the status of the physical system before going into for our modeling. That means conjunctive use is inevitable there. So this is a lawyer Bhavani Reservoir project. Unfortunately it comes under Kaveri basin, it is a tributary to Kaveri. So one of the huge reservoir it holds the Lemka book of records that the longest earthen dam is in this lawyer Bhavani Reservoir. Around 8 kilometers is the length of the earthen bund that much quantity of water is there. It has this is the main canal which was constructed and created the problem. Then there is another physical constraint in this is before creation of this problem these are all the three canals called Arinaayagipuram canal, Thadapalli and Kalingrayam. They are having the riparian rights. So that also should be encountered in the models. Because whether you release water for your new canal or not I have to release water for my old command area that is the riparian rights. So these are all the detailed canal system and operating dates after discussion with the Farmers Association. So the Kudiveri Annicket for Thadapalli this is the command area and the opening date and closing date is full year. So throughout the year that fellows will receive the water. Whereas Arkankottay also same time period it starts from April and it ends February of next year. One month is the time period. These three are under riparian rights and this is the area where we have to model. So out of 1 lakh hectares approximately 41,000 only will receive water in one area and 45,000 will remain in the next year. So how we divided the systems turn system. So it is based upon the year odd calendar years and even calendar years. The sluices are numbered the 1, 2, 250 there will be 1, 2, 3, 4. So this year only odd sluices will receive water even sluices are shut down. So you cannot receive surface water. In the next year the odd sluices are closed and even sluices are opened. Only two crops water will be released because my canal carrying capacity is fixed. But even though we try to do only surface water modeling in reality there is conjunctive use also. So we estimated the groundwater availability suggested by Groundwater Estimation Committee norms in 1997 I think many people might have used this one. This uses the groundwater level variations observed in the observation wells specific yield and the area of influence of each wells. The another technical problem we encounter when we use this GEC norms is what is the area of influence of each observation wells. There are 27 to 50 observation wells in this 21, 201 kilometer square. So we just adopted the methodology of using the same technique which we have adopted for rain gauge stations. We know that this is not the correct method. Because the main assumption in using this in polygon method is the variation of the variable from one station to other station is linear. But it is not linear in case of groundwater but in the absence of any other data we don't know what is the groundwater level variation from one observation well to another observation well. Even after drawing the fence diagram we are unable to get down what is the water level variation. So we have just adopted this one and we got approval from the Chief Engineer of Gump of Tamil Nadu for this one. So this is how the water level varies over a period of time. This is done in 1997. So the starting month is from 1971 to 97. So within 27 years this is water level variation within each month. The trend has increased that means the depth of water level has goes on decreasing because of over-exploitations. So once we have applied our groundwater estimation committee norms and estimated the groundwater availability for each and every month. So we found that the groundwater is available when there is no release from the reservoir. That means it takes some time period for the water to reach the groundwater. We have estimated this one. And another assumption in groundwater estimation committee norms is the groundwater pumpage is equal to groundwater recharge. The next case study we have selected is Sriramsagar project. This is on the other hand. That means most of the area is under water logged condition. We can just compare the capacity here the capacity of Sriramsagar project is 3172 million meter cube and dead storage is 850 million meter cube. In my water deficit environment the total capacity is only 927 which is equal to the dead storage capacity of this reservoir. So this Sriramsagar project it has 3 main canals. So as a mathematical modeler we drive this type of diagrams that is called schematic representation which gives all the technical details. I think this we know everything. Only thing is this is the main canal, Kakatiya canal which is 369 kilometer square is the command area. Here the problem is water table is within the root zone depth. So groundwater estimation committee gives different methodology to estimate the groundwater available in water logged area and this is the formula. The groundwater at a given time period is equal to 5 minus where 5 is the assumed depth. If the water table is within 5 meter from the ground level groundwater estimation committee has classified that as a water logged area. And WLT is the water level from the ground level, SY is the specific yield and A is the area of influence. And instead of considering 5 meter since in this area the water logging is acute we estimated what is the volume of water available in each 1 meter cake of the aquifer. So this is the criteria for water logged condition by the state groundwater department government of Andhra Pradesh. If the water table depth is shallower than 2 meter below ground level during April month that's very important. That means it's a non irrigation period and that is the peak summer. If the water table is within that time period 2 meters then the area is delineated as water logged area. If the water table depth varies in between 2 to 5 meters below ground level during April month then the area is delineated as prone to water logged area. Why they called as prone to water logged area is within no time this 2 to 5 meters will be within the 0 to 2 meters. So this is the water level variation within 30 years you can see that it is in between 0 to 6 meters. This is a sample well it goes on the water level came very nearer to the ground and in 1980s they have developed a policy it is called conjunctivus policies the farmers are forced to draw groundwater by stopping the release from the reservoir. Then it has picked up and slightly it has increased but it is not increased much still the areas are under water logged condition. There are 680 observation wells in this command area because the problem is very accurate the government doesn't know what to do but at least they observe the physical system to understand may be useful by other people they observed the water level variation before monsoon and after monsoon and the 680 observation wells. If you see this one we have classified that into 3 broad categories water level within 3 meter below ground level that is water logged area water level between 3 to 5 meter that is black color that is prone to water logging area water level more than 5 meter that is free from water logged areas. So the water logged area it has gradually increased and suddenly there is a drop because of conjunctivus operation in 1984 after that also it was maintained but not to the some extent because the farmers has to pay power charges that is the main criteria for the water logging in this area. The other thing is almost this prone to water logging area remains almost constant that means more and more in the other hand even though this water logged has reduced the area which are not water logged are coming under prone to water logging area that is why this second category is always a constant and this is same technology we use to determine the ground water availability this is part of this Kakatiya canal and how to estimate the influence area for each well. So for our model to consider the stochasticity we considered each 1 meter cake of the aquifer and estimated the ground water availability for each 1 meter cake. So if my ground water depth goes on increasing the volume of ground water available also increased the another better thing or we can say that the another good thing in this command area is the water is not saline suppose if this water is saline then I cannot utilize it for conjunctivus fortunately in this command area still the water quality is within the Indian standards so we can go in for a that means quality problem does not comes into the picture is a physical status suppose if the water qualities are not to the Indian standards of irrigation water then as a modeler I have to incorporate the water quality problems also now that variable is avoided so this is about physical system. So as a first system first objective we just compared I think this we might have done very well the estimation of irrigation water by modified penman method and duty delta method then after doing this we found that the difference is large the difference is very large so we improved a or introduce a new methodology that is called improved duty delta method that means duty delta method we never incorporate the effective rainfall we never incorporate the stages and we never incorporate the losses whereas in improved we we could not incorporate the stages in the crop however we have incorporated the effective rainfall and efficiencies so this for just for comparison the quantity is very less but they are all during water stress periods I will tell the conclusions in the last so the results on this comparative study we consider the modified penman method as the standard method the duty delta method which is in the field it has overestimated for irrigated dry crops they release more than the requirement and it has underestimated for wet crops because non-consideration of crop stage effective rainfall and other climatological variations whereas in our improved duty delta method the results are very nearer to modified penman method which is very easy to estimate and can be implemented in the field first is on water deficit environment is the case study two different programs the advantage of linear programming and fuzzy linear programming is we have to slightly modify the linear programming to convert it into fuzzy linear programming we don't need to do a great modeling changes so this is the methodology we have adopted we developed a linear programming model subject to maximization of net benefits and subjected to physical and economic constraint we have done for various scenarios that is without conjuncti use with conjuncti use with 70% and 90% dependable inflow levels then I if I consider this as the conventional soft computing technique this fuzzy linear programming is the modern soft computing technique for the same problem we developed a fuzzy linear programming model we never fix what is the input whether it is deterministic or we give only the range minimum maximum low high or whatever the ranges so we consider the I think I will go through this very fast this is the objective function maximization of net benefit subjected to water allocation constraint with the efficiencies of surface water and ground water this is the downstream side release because in lower Bhavani since it is in Kaveri sub-basin a definite quantity of water has to be released in for each and every time period that is the minimum it can go for a maximum so this is a site specific constraint other constraints you can see in many models then next important is the ground water extraction at any time period should be less than the permitted quantity that is equal to the estimated quantity and all my surface water releases should be less than the canal capacity so this is area constraint algebraic sum of all the area should be less than my total area continuity constraint or the system can mass balance constraint and the last one we are able to incorporate is called overflow constraint because overflow is a nonlinear term that means over flow occurs if my storage is more than the capacity so there I have to take a decision as a nonlinear term which it's not possible in linear programming only nonlinear model can take care of this one so we linearized that nonlinear equation using these two equations so this is the evaporation relationship based upon the observed values we developed a linear relationship between storage and evaporation all right I think fuzzy programming yesterday I gave some example for deterministic I am not remembering that that variables right so it is within the ranges so fuzzy programming is the real life solving problems I think the first place where fuzzy programming was used is in in a subway operation of the signals how long the signal has to be on that depends upon the number of vehicles on the queue right so in India the first time fuzzy programming was used in our washing machines at videocon fuzzy washing machines that means the time period required for rotating depends upon the weight of the cloth we are putting so each day we cannot weigh correctly and keep it in your machine so they gave the range if the load is between weight of the material is from this value to this value then output is this time period if the weight of the material is between this weight to that bit fixer then your washing machine time is different so as we all know that these deterministic approaches output is also crisp whereas stochastic approaches are very difficult to model we can say that is a conventional technique but is still no computer can solve a real life stochastic dynamic programming if my number of discretization is more than 15 I think even if you have a Sun micro systems it will crash so that is why we invented this soft computing techniques reason techniques right and also other disadvantage of the stochastic approaches it cannot handle statistical uncertainty whereas fuzzy theory which was introduced by Zimmerman can handle the non statistical uncertainty non statistical uncertainty is vagueness imprecisiveness in the data or we call it as in conventional outliers only we remove the outliers in our time series and do the modeling whereas our soft computing techniques can take care of even the outliers we no need to do the data processing so this is a simple classical linear programming model maximization constraint in fuzzy linear programming model we have a different way of giving the input in the form of a membership function that means here my objective is to maximize the satisfaction level in my deterministic linear programming my variables may enter into the solution space or may not enter whereas in real life I have all I should have all the variables in the solution space may be with different satisfaction levels so the satisfaction level for each and every variable varies in between 0 to 1 whereas in linear programming it will be either 0 or 1 so here my satisfaction level varies in between 0 to 1 and I can compromise on certain things first one is instead of having a benefit of Z I can go in for a benefit of Z minimum that means I am able to reduce even my net benefit from the system thereby I can increase my satisfaction level at the same time instead of giving me a constraint of or a resource constraint of bi I can give a little more constraint also or little more resource also there are different ways of expressing this membership function the membership function what I have listed here is one side a triangular membership function we have continuous triangular membership functions we have trapezoidal membership function that depends upon the variables in our hand or the data set we have in our hand this depends upon the modular and depends upon the data set in hand if we are able to classify your inflow into n number of ranges then I can have n number of triangular membership functions but here the data is very small link we have classified only as a simple one-sided triangular membership functions right so in this model my objective is maximization of this value either 0 to 1 if my satisfaction level is nearer to 1 then my goal is achieved so what I do is I compromise to certain extent in this level so that I use the increased resources very little and maximize my net benefit so here my objective is maximizing the satisfaction level and my previous constraint in the linear programming will become objective function will become a constraint so wherever we have the fuzzy variable we introduce this lambda right particularly in in this case we have considered the fuzziness in the objective function in the downstream river release inflow and ground water availability that means we are not crisp in my objective function I assume I can have a lesser objective function values and minimum river release no need to go in for a deterministic value of minimum standard or average standard I can little reduce the downstream release thereby I can release water for irrigation and increase the net benefit and inflow need not be a maximum value it may be less values also so if it is lesser and lesser my satisfaction level goes on reducing then my ground water availability instead of using an average I can pump a little more so with this membership functions the modified linear programming will be like this linear programming the previous goal constraint will become like this and downstream side release will become negative that means whenever I have a membership function of towards zero negative then I have to subtract the satisfaction level when it is away from the zero I have to add my membership function so this is ground water availability is away from the zero I am adding it that means my resources are increased whereas in river release my resources are decreased in objective function my resources are reduced so I am subtracting adding and similarly in inflow is towards the zero value when I take it on the other side it will become negative since it is an unknown value I am taking it on the right side similarly overflow constraints so this regression analysis that is input to my model right and once if I do that one that is a regular linear programming only I am not using the complicated MATLAB programming and all these things simple linear programming converted into a fuzzy linear programming but again that fuzzy linear programming itself is similar to my deterministic linear programming but I have incorporated the fuzziness of all the variables in terms of numbers in terms of ranges suppose if my input is in linguistic form then I cannot use my revised simplex method to solve this I have to use some other technique this is to simplify we made it as a fuzzy optimization it is not fuzzy logic technique it is fuzzy optimization technique if I have all the inflows in terms of linguistic high low medium then I have to solve my fuzzy model using fuzzy logic technique rather than fuzzy optimization technique here I did only fuzzy optimization technique so once if I do this then that will be easy to solve I have used here revised simplex method to solve the simple fuzzy linear programming model and this is the comparison right so the releases with actual and LP model and different scenarios 70 percent dependable inflow 90 percent dependable inflow and its ground water more here is when I use the ground water when I don't use my ground water this is my downstream river release because the main objective here for the government is how much water I can release from this command area to Kaveri so the chief engineer is more concerned about this downstream side release rather than his own command area release so here we are trying to maximize this downstream sewer release and the same time we are maximizing the net benefit so if I use conjuncti use the quantity has increased 300 million meter cube which is one-third of the capacity of the reservoir so this is a trade-off if the dependable inflow goes on increasing normally 75 percent is the average value we use in reservoir operation if the percentage goes on decreasing inflow is more and if it goes on reducing we have to do the sensitive analysis of my optimization model so this is ground water pumpage if x is the available quantity if I pump we can pump more and more water but only thing is your objective function cost will go on decreasing so this is the fuzzy linear programming model it was so astonishing to see that the downstream side release is more than the capacity of the dam so the capacity of the dam is only 827 927 million meter cube when I use fuzzy linear programming model we are able to release thousand million meter cubes so as a modeler we finished this but as a policy makers they have to implement it in the real life they will never implement it right then the next problem is the first question it arises is where does this water comes from in real life the capacity is 927 if you say release thousand where from where I can release so the main thing what fuzzy program did is it has maximized the ground water utilization so that is where the real life the chief engineer does not have any control on ground water utilization that is why even though we are able to give a solution it is not able to be implemented in real life this variable we cannot incorporate it in our model forcing the farmers to use only ground water so the next place where we have used this in water logging condition in swar says on the soccer project same problem I think here the objective function is little bigger because there is a cost involved in using the surface water and ground water this objective function should also be constrained or formulated based upon the site condition in previous case there is no cost for the farmers to pump the ground water current is free only initial cost is involved whereas here the farmers has to pay for surface water as well as for ground water so if they use more and more ground water their net benefit go on reducing because the cost of using ground water is three times the cost of surface water so there are other constraints remains the same the storage capacities the another important in this area is this socioeconomic constraint I call this as socioeconomic constraint because each and every area there are more than 17 crops in this command area however government has classified only 9 or 8 crops mainly I will show you these crops these are all the major crops classified by the government to incorporate in this there will be rice mice ground net sunflower other irrigated crops sugarcane and we have two bi-seasonal crops only these crops we can consider for our modeling purposes so we have to give minimum area for minimum area for each and every crop that is each and every season there should be a minimum area under this crop we classified this as a sociological constraint and this is our evaporation constraint here since we don't have downstream side release my fuzzy linear programming will have only three fuzzy variables that is fuzziness in gold fuzziness in inflows and fuzziness in ground water pumpage and this is the modified FLP model only four or five places we no need to modify all the constraints each constraint is 12 in in previous case in this case each constraint is 36 because there are three canals each canal applies 12 constraints monthly model three canals it is 36 model so totally we had more than 196 constraints and around 154 variables and this is the time series plot or the input into my model is inflow into the reservoir and the statistical characteristics the cropping pattern these are all the input to the models the monthly net irrigation requirements the relationship between evaporation loss and monthly storage then once I give this input I can develop various combination of policies alternative solutions in previous case we have not derived any alternative solution that is not required because my objective is fixed so that is the main criteria of showing this is we can do any type of modeling for a given problem but we have to select an appropriate model based upon the site specific condition that is why even today there is no single algorithm is available to solve water resources problem common so each and every problem you create will apply only for a particular site so here we developed a combined optimization simulation that means we developed the optimal operational plans and then we simulated this condition for a longer length so since there are so many variables are involved we have given priorities rice is the first priority technically possible here large quantity is available all the area will go can go under paddy crop unfortunately more than 35% of the command area is under waterlogged condition even though paddy is a water loving plant it will not grow under a waterlogged condition it need water only on the top not on the bottom so the conjunctive use will help in two ways one is it will eliminate the area under waterlogged condition second one is since the quality is good the same water can be used for irrigation so based upon the priority of rice crop and priority of groundwater pumpage we have developed some 45 scenarios various alternative solutions I will just show only the scenarios the scenarios are like this highest priority to rice crop 75% priority to the highest that means whatever the area comes as the highest priority of rice crop reduce it to only 75% thereby we will reduce the area under rice and increase area under cash crop thereby increasing the net benefit then restrict the area of rice to 50% of the maximum possible so that means other area will be under cash crops then similarly pumping level reduce the target pumping is only one meter because when the depth of pumping goes on increasing my net benefit goes on reducing because of more head on pumping the farmer has to put more powers to pump the water so on the other hand if the depth of pumping goes on increasing more and more area will come under irrigation because more and more area are free from waterlogged conditions so these are all the targets and these are all the tradeoff or tradeoff is relationship between these things that means when my pumping level goes on increasing when the depth of water is below 3 meter only I am able to achieve 200% irrigation intensity so when I implement the policy to use the groundwater within 3 meter I may not able to irrigate 200% irrigation intensity so this is full policy maximum area under rice then also I will not have more area under irrigation so this is the net benefit when depth of water pumping is more than 3 meter or 4 meter the cost of volume because volume of pumping is more my net benefit goes on reducing so this is the tradeoff this is the optimal cropping pattern only 2 to 3 crops will decide your net benefit so these are all the comparison of result optimum results from LP model from FLP model if you see the quantity of water utilized is almost same the only difference is which water we are using here we are restricting the FLP model to use more groundwater than the surface water thereby it increases the area under irrigation and makes the area free from waterlog at the same time it increases the net benefit so then we select the since there are so many policies we cannot use the all the policies we can select certain policies which are developed through a simulation model simulate that policy for longer time periods that is optimization simulation technique and we used this thermosphering model to generate 110 years of inflow data and first 10 years was discarded to take care of the initial condition 100 years of inflow data was used to simulate this condition if I implement this policy for 100 years what is the benefit and we found that the deficit in the system is only 5% I think we I will do it in the conclusions in the this is the result of simulation in the simulation I can see what is the percentage deficit period out of 100 years zone one is for each canal we can do then percentage deficit in demand that is in million meter cube what is the average deficit for 100 years what is the surplus here without conjunctives and with conjunctives the thing is we are improving the surplus thereby increasing the quantity of downstream river release in godavari also where it is mainly needed in the downstream flushing and downstream navigation so these are all the major conclusions from comparative estimation of irrigation requirement we found that duty delta method underestimated the irrigation requirements and it has overestimated for dry crops and the optimal results of LP model shows that conjunctives is inevitable not only in water deficit environment but also in waterlogged environments so these are all the satisfaction levels that means I am able to incorporate all the variables in my solution space there is no zero variables in my solution all the variables are into the solution space but with a satisfaction level of 0.64 in water deficit with 0.718 waterlogged environment so we did a sensitivity analysis also in water deficit environment fuzziness in surface water that means instead of giving all the fuzzy variables at a time we do a sensitive analysis of giving fuzzy variable one by one so if in this we can find out which variable is more fuzzier than other variable and we found that surface water plays a greater role in fuzziness in water deficit whereas in waterlogged environment fuzziness in groundwater played major role in deriving the reservoir operating rules or cropping pattern right so these are all the two policies which we have selected first policy is there is no restriction of the rice crop because this cannot be imposed on the farmers so farmers can grow as much as rice crop but they have to keep their command area groundwater below 3 meters then the second policy is restrict the area to seventy percent of the maximum area but pump the water from 4 meter of the ground levels so these are all the three references which has been published from best upon this work I think this SDP model SDP and GA which we have applied I will take it in the next class what is that so I think ten minutes any questions no more groundwater more groundwater groundwater is the first priority that was that was estimated through our GEC norms in this model we don't have the interaction between stream aquifer this is not stream aquifer interaction model if I want to incorporate the stream aquifer interaction model I should develop another finite difference or finite element model whatever the head causing head you are getting as the output that has to be incorporated in GEC estimation here I have made that ground water availability as a deterministic value will also increase yeah so no that is not considered in this that's what I'm telling in this model it is not considered if you want to consider that here what happens we are estimating this right see this values are estimated from the interaction between your releases and the ground water level variations here I consider this as deterministic value suppose if I want to incorporate that stream aquifer system instead of giving this as the input I have to give the input of your output from your stream aquifer model finite difference or finite element and then reestimate this for each and every time step so if I incorporate more and more variables my complexity increases