Welcome back and let's take you to other parts of Africa. Pope Francis began a visit to South Sudan on Friday with an impassioned plea to its fractious leaders to turn their backs on the violence, ethnic hatred and corruption that have stopped the world's youngest country from achieving peace and prosperity. South Sudan broke away from Sudan to become independent in 2011 after decades of conflict, but civil war erupted in 2013. Despite a 2018 peace deal between the two main antagonists, violence and hunger, steeped the country. Tens of thousands of people sang, drummed and isolated as the Roman Catholic leader arrived in the capital Jubal on Friday for an unprecedented joint pilgrimage of peace with its Anglican and Scottish Presbyterian counterparts. In April 2019, during the spiritual retreat, we held at the Vatican, your holiness kissed our feet and asked us to remain in peace. You also told us from your heart to move forward, that rare rush of humility did not go in vain. When you kissed our feet, my brother, Dr. Yekma Char, was outside the country. Today, both Dr. Yekma and I are seated here working collectively to implement the revitalized peace agreement we signed in 2018. We prayed together in Rome, the God who was gentle and humble in heart, the God in whom so many people of this beloved country believe now is time to say no more of this without ifs or buts, no more last shed, no more conflicts, no more violence, mutual recrimination about who is responsible for it, no more living your people at test for peace, no more destruction. It is time to build, lift the time of war behind and let the time of peace dawn.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebrakes.com here doing 2020-2021 Panini Don Russ basketball hobby one pack break random team number 22 Where we're giving away nine spots in opulence So 30 spots and one gets a random team in the NBA. No vet common ship At the end of the hobby pack break will take all 30 customers names randomize them top nine each win a spot in the one box opulence break that's coming up next so Dice roll here. Here's the list of customers. Yeah, I know That's right Michael Picora down to last spot mojo Gary Tashima and the teams from the Hawks down to the wizards dice Roll to randomize just the this list for the break itself There'll be a separate dice roll and separate randomizer after the pack break to give away those nine spots So here you go So four and a six ten times Seven ten right four and a six ten times eight and 10th and final time from Andrew Wu down to CJ Monroe and 10 times on the teams 10th and final time Timberwolves down to rockets So 10 times on the teams 10 times on the customers 10 times on the dice No trade window since this is a filler pack But we'll go through some highlights or potential highlights that we can pull from the pack So Andrew Wu right on top of the Timberwolves Anthony Edwards opportunities there You've got James Weissman opportunities for Gary Tashima in the Warriors Kings that is Tyrese Halliburton Rosario, Karuchi and Hornets Lamello ball CJ Monroe Opportunities there and then there's the rest on screen as well So let's sort by team print rip and give away those spots afterwards Here is our final list see if we can find any hidden gems in here You got Xavier Tillman to 199 press proof for the Grizzlies Andy Din and you got a press proof Kawhi Leonard for the Clippers CJ Monroe Peyton Prichard for the Celtics Ryan Herald Tyrese Maxi for the 76ers Mike Tower There you go. That's the pack break. So nothing crazy, but Let's give away those nine opulent spots. You can see the opulence box right back there That's coming up right after this once I give away these final nine spots So here's the original customer list again from Michael PCora down to Gary Tashima with last spot mojo And it's the top nine after One of the two three times so good luck one Two three So three times on the randomizer Three times on the dice Top nine so from ten down to 30. Thank you guys very much for getting in on the break And hopefully I can do better for you on a future filler, but special congratulations to Andrew Woo CJ Monroe CJ Monroe Michael PCora Michael PCora Andrew Woo Terry Cahill Robert Mancini and Mike Tower Top nine are in So three times on the randomizer three times in the dice and that is 2020-2021 to be me Don Russ basketball hobby one pack break ran in team number 22 from Jasper's case breaks calm I'm Sean Jasper's case breaks calm opulence coming up next. Thanks for hanging out. See you next time


Welcome back to NPTEL course on game theory. In the previous session we have proved the existence of Nash equilibrium using Brouwer fixed point theorem and of course the proof is for a general class of games that means the strategy spaces can be any convex and compact subsets of Euclidean space. As I mentioned the convex compact subsets in Euclidean space that can be relaxed and you can go to any infinite dimension spaces. You can take the convex and compact subsets of any infinite dimension space. The only issue that requires to be changed is instead of using the Brouwer fixed point theorem we have to use for example Schroder fixed point theorem that is mainly the place what we need to change. Now we will consider a situation where the game is given by 2 matrices and we will again derive the proof but unlike in zero sum games in zero sum games we have we could avoid using Brouwer fixed point theorem by using the convex arguments but in a non-zero sum games we cannot do that but we will give another proof which is originally due to John Nash. So we will consider the a bimatrix game where A is the payoff matrix corresponding to player 1, B corresponds to player 2 and of course we are looking at these are M by N matrices. So let me recall the pure strategies here. Pure strategies are basically for a player 1 the pure strategies are exactly the rows. So the player 1 is going to choose one of the row that is his pure strategies and similarly choosing a column is a pure strategy for player 2. Now what are mixed strategies it is exactly like in zero sum games there is no difference you are choosing the rows with probability certain probabilities. So it is like x1, x2, xm and delta 1 is the corresponding simple x these are all xi are greater than equals to 0 and this sum to 1. So this is basically the delta 1 is all points like this that is delta 1. Similarly for this is for player 1 for player 2 y1, y2, yn in delta 2 where yj are non-negative and this sum to 1 these are the mixed strategies for player 2 and this defines delta 2. So once we have this pure mix pure and mixed strategies the payoff extension is given by pi 1 x, y which is nothing but x transpose Ay pi 2 x, y is nothing but x transpose By these are the mixed payoffs functions. The most important thing is that these are bilinear functions. These are bilinear functions therefore pi 1 is concave in x variable certainly and similarly pi 2 is concave in y variable. Therefore the min max the existence theorem proved in previous session can be applied guarantee the existence of mixed Nash equilibrium. So of course before applying it we need to realize that delta 1 and delta 2 both are convex. This is obvious we have seen it previously also delta 1 and delta 2 are convex and compact and pi 1, pi 2 satisfies the necessary assumptions. So therefore this theorem can be applied. So therefore there is always a mixed Nash equilibrium. This is the theorem but we will try to give you another proof for this result. First thing what I would like to say here is that when I want to make the following climb x star, y star is Nash equilibrium x star transpose Ay star this is greater than or equals to E i A y star this should be true for all i in 1 to m and similarly x star B y star this should be greater than or equals to x star B E E j for all j is equals to 1 to n. Remember E i and E j that we have this notation that we have been using throughout this course E i are the pure strategies for player 1 E j are the pure strategies for player 2. This is why is this true? Basically this comes from the bilinearity of pi 1 and pi 2. So with the ideas we have been using again and again so therefore this does not require any further clarification. So this is a kind of an obvious statement once you recall all the arguments that we have been using. Now we will define a function f. So we will define a function f from the delta 1 cross delta 2 to delta 1 cross delta 2. It is like the previously also we have done the same thing we have used the best response structure there but here we have used something different. So how we define? I will define f x y to be x prime y prime where x prime y prime are defined as follows. So I define for c i x comma y this is nothing but max of 0 comma E i A y minus x transpose A y this and d j x y is max of 0 comma x B E j minus x B y and x i prime the ith coordinate of x i prime is given by x i plus c i x y by 1 plus summation c i prime x comma y where i prime 1 to m. Similarly, y j prime is given by y j plus d j x y by 1 plus summation j prime goes from 1 to n to and d j prime x y. So let us try to understand what these butler terms are given. So what is this term E i prime E i transpose A y minus x transpose A y. Suppose if the player has played x player 2 has played y and player 1 has played x so he is going to get x transpose E y. Instead of x if the player 1 uses the pure strategy E i how much is he going to get that is how much extra he is going to get. Suppose if he is getting more then I would like to increase the probability of the E i the in x let us say I am playing with certain probability x i and then if by playing the pure strategy E i if I am going to get more than 0 then I would like to move towards E i. So that is exactly is captured here in this term x i originally x i is there and now I am moving towards c i x y I increase this probability because c i x y is bigger than 0 therefore x i. Now if E i A y is not is less than 0 is less than x transpose A y for example then that means it is going to be negative value so therefore this is 0 then I will not change x i. So this is the direction in which I am moving the probability with which I play i pure strategy. Now of course when I move like that I do not know whether that is going to be a probability vector or not so therefore I am normalizing so sum over all this thing and sum over x i is nothing but 1 and sum over this c i that is exactly this and similarly in for the player 2 DJ x y is giving the excess pay the player 2 will get by deviating to pure strategy E j. If he instead of playing y if he deviates to E j the jth pure strategy the excess pay of that he is going to get that is given by DJ x y and now if it is greater than 0 then the player 2 would like to move increase y j in the direction of that DJ how that probability is this y j plus DJ x y and that normalizing and this is the normalizing. Now this is so now f x y is going to x prime and y prime how is this x prime is defined as x i plus c i x y c i x y is nothing but this excess pay of function this is clearly continuous function and this is also a continuous function. So therefore x i plus c i x y is a continuous function y j plus DJ x y this is also a continuous function and the term that is there in the denominator is a non-zero term because c i's are always non-negative and 1 plus some non-negative term so therefore this is always greater than or equals to 1. So therefore these are all well defined things and continuous function and bivariate because we have normalized by these factors the sum x i prime is going to be 1 similarly some y j prime is also going to be 1. Therefore the function f that we have defined is actually takes the values of delta 1 cross delta 2 into delta 1 cross delta 2. Therefore we are we have a continuous map now and Brouwer fixed point theorem immediately implies there exists x star y star such that f x star y star is same as x star y star. Brouwer fixed point theorem now gives a fixed a point x star and y star such that f x star y star is same as x star y star.  So let us look at this very careful from here we would like to get some contradictions or to say that x i x star and y star are nationally how do we prove it? This immediately implies as by cross multiplication we have x i star summation i prime summation over i prime c i prime x star y star is same as c i x star y star. So now the interesting thing here in this summation for example i prime wherever c i is prime x star y star is 0 that need not be considered if for some because the whole idea here for us is to show that this c i prime x star y star has to be 0. So whenever we need to show c i x star y star is 0 whenever x i star is greater than 0. So why do we want to do this one? If x i star is strictly greater than 0 that means the player 1 is playing the pure strategy E i with a positive probability. Now look at the definition of c i if the player has played E i with a positive probability that means E i transpose A y star should be same as x star A y star. So that should happen therefore this c i x y should be 0. So this has to happen whenever x i star is greater than 0. So this is essentially the idea now. So let us look at we need to show this fact. So let us take i to be set of all i such that x i star is greater than 0. So now therefore let me also take j to be all i such that c i x star y star is greater than 0. So let me take therefore clearly from here if whenever x i star is greater than 0 look at those i's and here I am looking at i's where c i x star y star is greater than 0. So now look at this if x i star is greater than 0 because we are interested in proving this one if x i star is greater than 0 I need to show that c i x star y star should be 0. Suppose if that does not happen we are going via contradiction. So in fact the our claim is going to be summation c i prime x star y star this is going to be 0. So suppose this does not happen that means summation c i prime x star y star this is greater than 0. So therefore the summation in some sense I can take it to be i prime in j c i prime x star y star this is greater than 0 of course these two are same. So now look at look at the for all let us take i belongs to i this implies x i star is greater than 0 this implies c i x star y star is greater than 0 because this is by our contradiction c i x star y star is greater than 0 this is coming from this contradiction because we have assumed this. Therefore this c i x star y star is strictly greater than 0 what this implies by the definition of c i c i is basically the excess pay that he is getting what it says is that e i a y star is bigger than x star a y star of course x star transposes this happens. Now what is x star transpose a y star this is same as summation x i star of e i transpose a y star where i is equals to 1 to m this is certainly greater than equals to summation i prime i belongs to i of x i star e i transpose a y star because if i is not in i then x star is 0 therefore this happens and then from this previous thing we have this j is greater than j is there here so this is going to be greater than summation x i star into if I let me call this as a u 1 u 1 and this is going to be u 1. So what we have got is the u 1 is strictly bigger than u 1 so this is a contradiction this contradiction happened because we have assumed this therefore summation c i prime x star y star is going to be 0 therefore c i x star y star is 0 for each i this implies e i transpose a y star this is certainly less than equals to x star transpose a y this is true for all i running from 1 to m this implies okay it is not y star x star is optimal for player 1 in a similar fashion y star is optimal for player 2 therefore x star y star is Nash equilibrium okay so this proof is again a simple proof which requires you to construct this specific function by this way and then we show that this is a continuous function and then this gives you a fixed point and we have to finally show that this fixed point is indeed a Nash equilibrium. So this proves the existence of a Nash equilibrium our next task now is to get some optimization problem so basically how do we compute Nash equilibrium are there ways to do ways to compute the Nash equilibrium. So we will now discuss one optimization problem now and of course the solving algorithms we will postpone to next session but now we will look at a please look at a optimization problem which gives you the another reformulation of a Nash equilibrium so the problem is the following thing optimization problem let me write it first this is nothing but maximize x y alpha beta so that x transpose a plus b y minus alpha minus beta subject to a y minus alpha 1 I put a bold 1 means it is a vector of 1s less than equals to 0 similarly summation okay similarly b transpose x minus beta again a vector of 1s this is less than equals to 0 and of course x belongs to delta 1 y belongs to delta 2 okay so this is a quadratic programming. So what we have is that in this there are four decision variables x y and alpha beta and we need to choose the x y alpha beta which maximizes this the whatever maximizes this one the x star y star and then alpha star and beta star they correspond to the Nash equilibrium x star is going to be the optimal strategy for player 1 y star is for player 2 and alpha star is the value of player 1 and beta star is going to be the value of player 2.  Now we know now in the previous itself we have seen that is that e i a y star is certainly less than or equals to alpha star this is true for all i that means e i a by star is less than equals to alpha star for every i that means every entry of a y star is going to be less than equals to alpha star this implies a y star minus alpha star the vector of ones this is less than equals to 0 this is obvious in a similar fashion from here from beta star the definition of beta star we can easily see that b transpose x star minus beta star ones less than equals to 0 this is an obvious thing from here and of course x star y star are all there and then the next thing is that for any x in delta 1 x transpose a y star is less than equals to alpha star and similarly for any y in delta 2 x star transpose a y star is less than or equals to beta star putting all these things together and combining with these facts can easily verify x star y star alpha star beta star is optimal solution for the optimization problem. So x star y star alpha star beta star will satisfy so this here when you are trying to prove from here we have to use these facts as well. This is a not a very hard thing it is a straight forward but it requires a little effort so one should try proving it here we also have to understand the following fact in this optimization problem using these facts we need to show that this is always less than or equals to 0. So because a y minus alpha is less than equals to 0 therefore x transpose a y minus alpha is less than equals to 0 that has to be used here therefore this maximum value is always non positive and at Nash equilibrium this is equal to 0 therefore x star y star alpha star beta star is going to be the optimal solution. So the details have to be furnished here but they are a simple exercise. Next let x star y star alpha star beta star be optimal solution of the optimization problem. So once we take this one we need to show that this x star y star corresponds to Nash equilibrium. So let us see how we prove first thing is because it is a solution of this optimization problem we have the following this thing conditions a y star minus alpha 1 this is less than equals to 0 this immediately tells me that x star a y star is less than equals to alpha that is there and similarly x star transpose b y star is less than equals to beta that is also there so these are there. Now if this is always true so that is the first fact that we need to show here then we will try to show that x star y star satisfies the equilibrium condition how do we prove that.  Now the what we really need to understand here is that this is always less than equals to 0 therefore this is less than equals to 0. Now here is another important thing that we need to show here is that there is we already proved the existence of a Nash equilibrium so therefore there exists a Nash equilibrium so let me call that as a x hat and y hat for the Nash equilibrium x hat and y hat the this value is going to be 0 because x hat y hat corresponding values satisfy the constraints of this optimization problem therefore this value is going to be 0 therefore this is going to be 0 that is the first important thing this once this is there now we use the constraints. So by using the constraints we can easily see that because we can write it as x star a y star minus alpha star this is one term plus another term is x star b y star minus beta star both of them the sum of these two terms is equal to 0 but by the constraints this is x star a y star minus alpha star should be less than equals to 0 this is also less than equals to 0 both of them are non negative numbers therefore what we get is that they must be 0 once these are zeros then now using the constraint this thing immediately we can prove that x star y star is Nash equilibrium so this proves the equivalence between these two problems so an existence if you have an existence of a Nash equilibrium that immediately says that the solution the Nash equilibrium is the solution corresponding to this optimization problem similarly a solution of this optimization problem is a Nash equilibrium so in this second part we have used the fact that the equilibrium existence happens with this we conclude this session we will meet again in the next session


Hello everyone, I'm Ashutosh Karanjee. This is Rashi and we here at fundamental research group have built this platform for collaborating communities So the idea of working together to achieve something is great and to achieve this greatness We have built a simplistic platform with extremely powerful features to enhance collaboration This platform can be used by integrating a lot of other softwares which can be of immense value So we have used a Drupal 7 over here not Drupal 8 again I'll give you the reason why because we have a lot of companies which cannot be implemented in Drupal 8 right now Because it's new. I'll explain when that comes Can we realize Drupal 8? You know, we worked like around 2 to 3 weeks I'll tell you the reason why 2 to 3 weeks we worked on Drupal 8 But the system demanded some reputation model and a lot of other features which cannot be implemented right now Because we have to start from scratch and creating a model will again become like an entire project So you preferred this name which will be thrown Why should it be thrown? We have made a proposal Because Drupal 8 is what LVLI is going on No but the features they demanded you cannot implement right now in Drupal 8 You will write something which will not be used at all But we can replicate that in Drupal 8 Drupal 7 and 8, I am very upset that in LVLI your parent is going to Drupal 8 You have chose to go to Drupal 7 See one thing I'll tell you because I get upset Not against you or anybody else I personally get upset if anybody Anybody in the world, any software programmer in the world Changes requirement because he cannot do something A software programmer is master of that stupid machine He has to do everything that is required by the user If NVLI want Drupal 8, Drupal 8 it is If I was handling the group hang everything You have to do Drupal 8 Okay, doesn't matter that is your call I am not doing it again that But this argument I don't like It could not be implemented in Drupal 8 I don't care The requirement of collaborative communities in the NVLI requirement It is supposed to be used If NVLI is going in Drupal 8 It has to be implemented in Drupal 8, it is simple And it is not only you people Talk to my team how many times I have started at them I don't negotiate requirements Talk to Aparna, I don't negotiate requirements You have negotiated requirements, both you and the other team That's why I get upset Okay, go ahead, Drupal 7, Drupal 8 At least you look, presentation looks very nice These are the major components we have Implemented in the course of time So we will be explaining this one by one So this is the basic content publishing workflow We have created three roles in the workflow Which is the author, editor, reviewer and a few states Which I will be explaining how it works This is the author, so what an author can do He can create content and he is supposed to send it To the editor for editing The editor checks it, if he approves the content He sends it to the publisher And the publisher or the reviewer Publishes the content If the editor rejects it It sends back to the author The author makes changes Sends it to the editor, editor sends it to the publisher And the content gets published So this is the basic workflow Now what we have done is we have Put this basic workflow in every community And how the community works, Rashi will just explain it Community was a very important part of our project Because we had to group content So these communities provide A very useful platform for grouping content And then it allows User with similar interest to work together So community has different roles Initially when someone logs in our system So at that time he is not a member of any community Then once he is a member Then there are different levels Like he can be a community author, community editor Community reviewer Or community admin And then the community has different features Like once you enter into a community Then you can see what members are there in the community And all the Published contents of the community And other members and own Contents as well And all the community articles also go through A similar workflow as explained before Content versioning Now we know that Simple content may go through various revisions So we have stored the content versions And this also helps Like when someone is editing the content He can compare to the previous revision And also one important thing we have done Is that we are also displaying The differences between the two revisions Now currently only the Moderation actions were changed So we can also know that who changed it And what were the changes made So this Drupal is showing Right? We would like to go to your Contribution directly rather than Showing all Drupal We have installed a few other plugins To make it like you have me Plugins are also third party plugins Or you have written? No, it's not party But it requires... We will More interested in seeing your content No, but actually it's me how to implement this Just write how to understand You can go directly we understand everything This 80% or 90% of the thing Very well being done by the media wiki I don't know why go with the Drupal Which is not expert of crowd sourcing Crowd sourcing is very well being handed by media wiki Wikipedia is the best example of this But anyway, we want to see your work So the representation model here Helps a user gain more responsibility in the workflow A user starts as a normal user With just read access, he cannot create content He goes up the ladder as a Author, an editor and a reviewer You gain points by the content you publish You gain points by upwards, downwards And you can see the transaction of all your points You can see your collected points The quiz system is also another way to gain more points Currently only the admin can... You're written low Yes We can give you quiz statistics and data Quiz actually is a different thing because There might be a new user who is an experienced one But he need not go through the Repetition model from the beginning Gain points from the quiz and then If he passes the quiz, he will gain a lot of points So that he directly becomes a reviewer So this is the quiz interface So basically you are quiz Okay, has some sort of decision making Done at the end? Yes He starts with the user, he becomes a reviewer Depending on the quiz So we also have a tagging feature Where we use... Currently we are using word co-occurrence Statistical algorithm which is better Than tfidf scores So we suggest two kinds of tags Implicit and explicit So implicit tags are derived from the content They give you... they are ranked according To highest sky square values The explicit tags... the learned tags are The tags with the user has used a lot And we also give you the most Popular tags, the most popular tags the system has So it will help you Again you are using some software But here we are using ML tag Which is a relatively new software We have actually implemented stuff here We have edited a lot of stuff for this But you are using somebody else's work But we did write code here So the search feature is Again Apache solar search We use Apache solar search along with We can also search across attachments So if you have attached pdf Search that also By the way if you had implemented something Which takes your automatic tagging system Or your suggestion Okay and written Some suggestions Which actually go into the Database directly We just select... you click the checkbox Without having anybody select Anything Then I would have appreciated it Because that is what is going to happen in NVLI We can actually... The collaborative community Will not start This is India Nobody is interested in collaborating And okay let me do take some 10 and tags Okay So it is much better If you have some automated system Which does the tagging And a few people who are paid To act as editors and publishers So we can actually choose I would have appreciated that We can actually choose to The highest ranks And attach it to the component We wanted for more supervised tagging The search feature also works on attachments The next is the translation So as we are working for the National Virtual Library Of India So having different languages was very important And that is why we have local support For Indian languages And we have implemented like 15 languages I would have appreciated if you have written The languages in the original script So here for every specific content We have something called a translation Now it was the Hindi version So it's written Anwar there In the slide you can see there So for every content you also have The available languages like this is the list Of languages and for this example USB-C we have the content In English and Hindi So you can see there that the content Is there and you can edit it In other languages it is not yet present So you can add the things


Do you want to inspire others to do great things? Setting a good example is a great first step. Welcome back and congratulations on taking one more step for becoming one of the great leaders of tomorrow. All leaders hope that they're inspiring others to go do great things. Today I've got three tips to help you set a great example so that you can inspire others. And stay tuned to the end. I'm going to give you a link where you can download our free leadership development plan workbook and that will help you set your goals for your career for the next two, five and ten years and build a plan of action to achieve them. When I was in the Air Force, I was always fascinated by the leaders who could inspire us to get our mission done, to take care of each other, and to go above and beyond and do great things. And these leaders weren't so inspiring just because they had great words to say or were great speakers. They were the kind of leaders who took action and they were the kind of leaders who set a great example for everyone else around them. I've based a lot of my personal leadership style on these leaders and the example that they set for me and hope that I'm setting as good an example for others. So these three tips I've got for you today, these are the tips I remind myself every day to help me go set a good example no matter who I'm dealing with. Tip number one for setting a good example is to remember that people are always watching. No matter what we say or what we do, there's almost always someone there to observe it. Unless you live in a cave all by yourself and never interact with anyone, people are always taking a look at the things you say and the things you do and they're deciding if you're setting an example that they want to emulate. One of the best pieces of advice I ever got was when I was a young ROTC cadet and our leaders told us if you don't want it to show up on the front page of the New York Times, don't do it or don't say it. And I think that's still good advice today. You could probably cross out front page of the New York Times to social media but remember there's always someone watching and they're always deciding if you're setting a good example that they want to emulate. One of the best pieces of advice I have for setting a good example and inspiring others, and I remind myself of this just about every day because it's really important to me, is that it's important to make sure that your words and actions match. People are always going to be watching to see if you do what you say you're going to do if you follow through on the things you say and if the things you say are important enough for you to take action on them. And it's not just about doing the things you say you're going to do, it's also about the example you set with your team. If you want to set a tolerant example, if you're always talking about tolerance and listening and respecting the view of others but you're always interrupting people and you don't let people get their words out and you don't let people finish their thoughts and you immediately dismiss every idea that comes from someone else, your words and actions aren't matching there. So to me it's really important to make sure that the words and actions match and to set that good example for everyone around me for that. Finally, it's important to share your failures and mistakes as a leader if you want to set a good example for others. None of us is perfect and we're never going to set a great example by pretending that we are perfect as people are going to see through that very quickly. So it's really important to share your mistakes and your failures and what you learned from them and how you recovered from them. This is so key to setting a good example because it'll set the example that it's okay to make mistakes and it's okay to learn from mistakes. We always learn more from our failures than we do from our successes. So if you want to set a good example, you want to be inspiring to others, gather those stories up of those times that maybe you didn't do such a great job at but you learned something from it, you recovered and we're able to turn that failure into success. So there are your three tips for setting a good example and I hope they're helpful to go get your team to go on and do great things and that you're able to inspire your team to go above and beyond. I know these three things aren't easy. They sound like they might be simple but they're really difficult sometimes and they are three things that I need to remind myself every day that people are always watching and assessing the example you're setting, that you've got to match your words with your actions and then it's important to share failures and mistakes and show how that we can recover from those and that'll help set a good example and inspire others. Give these three tips a try. I know it's going to be difficult but try to remind yourself of these every day and see if that makes a difference in inspiring your team to go above and beyond. If you found this helpful, please like, comment and share it with a friend or coworker. Click on that link below in the comments section. That'll take you to a place you can download our free leadership development plan workbook and that'll help you set your goals for the next two, five and ten years and build a plan of action to achieve them. If you have any business or leadership questions, leave us a comment below. We'd love to hear from you or email us at info at EvilGeniusLeadership.com. EvilGeniusLeadership.com is also where you can find out about our different training programs whether that's group coaching, workshops or one-on-one coaching if you're looking for a little more personalized attention to develop your own personal leadership style. Thanks for watching today. I really appreciate it and remember the future is out there. Lead the way.


Before you start taking apart your equipment and troubleshooting it, here's one simple trick that may save you a lot of time. Many of you may already know this, but it helps to have a little bit of a reminder. When you're tinkering around with your lawn equipment and your power tools, you should always start with the simplest solution first. And just to give you an example, I have a really expensive Honda weed wacker, a trimmer. It's the HT35 I think, it cost me like 400 bucks, way too much. But I was using it the other day and it worked so far this season. And then last week it would start and it would only stay on if I had it revved at full max. And then I let it idle, it conked out. And I'm like wondering why, why that was. And I was about, I took it, I started taking it apart, I looked at the air filter. And I started, I was about to take it apart a lot. And I'm like, wait a minute, let me try fresh fuel first. I haven't done it yet, I'm going to take it outside tomorrow and we'll do a little test. Because stale fuel causes more problems than you can possibly believe. So we're going to see, before I take this thing apart, if fresh fuel, and I'll throw a little stabilizer in there to boost it up, we'll see if that solves the problem, okay? So next scene we're going to be outside with fresh gas. Okay, here's the string trimmer now. I added fresh fuel and watch what happens. Ready? So I started up and rev it really high and then I'm going to let my hand off the accelerator and watch what happens. Conks out. It wasn't fresh fuel, I let it run at high revs for about a minute or two. Got the machine all hot, I checked the spark plug, everything okay? I think the idle is too low and there's going to be a little switch here. I'm going to show you if it works.  I'll show you where it is in a minute. This needs to go in more, a couple of notches. Now it should stay started. You ready? So that was it. It was throttle adjustment or idle adjustment which basically just you push the screw in and it raises the throttle, I'll show you here.  So that's it.


I'm so thrilled that he's here. He is one of my favorite poets. He has long been one of my favorite poets I dedicated my own book of poetry to him. Please welcome David West This is my first book was published 25 years ago and I have been trying I think for 15 years to publish a poem with no luck at All because I suck and I started doing readings and hearing what I was doing wrong in this little press put out This book is called evil spirits and their secretaries The weird thing is 25 years later that press is still in business I think of all the publishers I've worked with like two of them are still in business and not only is Did they are they still in business? But they wanted to republish it for reasons that somewhat escaped me because it never sold very well or anything but You know you don't look at the sanity of a small press publisher under a microscope. That's ungrateful and it's stupid so Let's see how these old poems do The unhappy association of werewolves makes a statement to the terror industry At night we do our hunting Home is everywhere we've pissed our name is fang and who we love is not your business then we sleep We dream we're in an office. It's man eat dog out there Our hides are worth money traps are cheap and we are required to be undyingly civil on the phone We dream our claws are not there when we need them You can tell we're losing when we start to look haggard when anger learns patience and we wake up We face the mirror and see horror as familiar as a razor We're losing fur or fangs retract and we're naked at the mercy of rush hour We're not good humans turn into wolves by a curse the movies have it all backward at night You call it howling, but we sing because we're free. It's by day. We get paid to be dogs This is no, no, no, don't do that I Actually wrote one love poem. I think once This is really a long time ago roses on Friday It's spring and I find myself buying roses on Friday all the way home They quiver in my lap like rabbits. I whisper don't be afraid I take care of my roses. I am my man with the purpose. I ride the escalator I float to the street with all the other secretaries. We emerge from the subway holding our gleaming bouquets Redeeming one night from a week of Mondays with affection and lust We lift our flowers like torches on the bus and as for these roses. They are balloons. They flew me home They are for you Conversation with a hamburger joint This is a really creepy little poem Hello, King Berger. How is the queen? When three teenagers plop down in a booth booth and gobble whoppers and gossip I notice how the roof of your mouth Palpitates and saliva drips from your air ducts Make them work for you sire. They're disposable and naive in Uniforms designed by the cold eyes of insects and hair nets that can't contain the fallout of hormones their forces of nature Cheaper than plastic cheese. They also serve who sit and consume They are the future spending their temporary paychecks oozing their pubescent and profitable juices Now your majesty eat them Do one more and then we'll do get out of here I think Um These are poems this book came on 89 and you know 89 93 up to some that realm was the plague year is around here and I Don't know whether I built in an ethos that's now gone. It's Kind of hard I think for people now to remember what it might have been like to go to a funeral a week for years Just years, you know, it's not something you want to learn to be a pro at So anyhow, this is called go down Doris fish Doris fish was a queen who died in 91 And we had this little benefit for her right before she died so she could perform at her own funeral Which she had always wanted to do And it was called who does that bitch think she is I Have known men so terrified of who they grew up to be their bodies are worse than prisons And I've seen my share of elegant victories over the male Bastille All it takes is style and the courage to insist Doris even made it look graceful When her hair fell out she had wigs for days the show goes on the tide will change But it keeps taking the best we got with it Love is never needed a license to exist old men with just stone tablets Let the pecking order beware Doris fish is dead, but her drags still here Once upon a time in California friends when I was hired as the token queried a politically correct hippie shit grocery store I found myself necking with a girl in the vegetable cooler thinking what will I say if someone sees us I Didn't seem to fit in anywhere, and I wasn't sure I should I couldn't swing that 45 caliber conception of men Who are sexy depending on how many holes they can blow on their victims Doris's sluts of go-go were more fun than Sylvester Stallone, and I think a laugh is more persuasive than a gun Doris is dead, but the show goes on Now there's a difference Between the direction of the wind and a trend between accidents and tragedies Beatniks and Zen between going down on someone and coming back up again It takes all kinds of grace to sustain us Doris fell off a balcony in a show one time and kept singing while she hung to the rail I See her face on the moon and get mad again She'll never even be on a postage stamp the first man the US put in orbit Launched a political career that ended in a banking scam and he got a postage stamp. I'll vote for Doris She was my kind of man.  I saw myself sprawled in the sidewalk with a cup and a sign that says another sensitive soul Who couldn't hack it? Can you spare a quarter? I needed new dress Doris is dead, and I'm not depressed. I've had it. This is insane There she is on the front page and all her former health and glory right next to a budget cutback story They keep the army in the closet.  Couldn't the president just admit on the news tonight. He doesn't know what he's doing and if we knew what he was doing We'd shoot him Doris died. We have a plague on our hands.  We have a problem Doris you can't leave we need you now Schwarzenegger has his eye on the Senate. This was written in 91 They spent more money in the war with the rack and they spent on all medical research in the world combined since the century began I get up and go to work in the morning and even the Marlboro man looks sad How many must follow how long will it take? She was the queen of Vegas in outer space a pro one of the best in the biz Doris died. How dare she win you to her bad. What is that bitching? She is Thank you David West always leaves you wanting more God. Do you have copies of your book with you? Excellent excellent. I got progress in book shopping afterwards. Awesome. Awesome


we paid you 1.9 million dollars freedom family a few days ago this time from 33 floors up instead of 34,000 feet like i made this video here where we paid you 2.2 million from 34,000 feet up last month click that i to see that video was pretty cool i paid you from an airplane this 1.9 million is paid using our back end earnings ui and you can see the exact amount that we sent you from PayPal and wire transfers right here in case you didn't get your payment click the catch-up button in your shiny freedom dashboard as always to get paid every two hours that's how often we run the catch-up system and we have a few people joining us in today's episode this is avyenda my nine-year-old daughter with kira hiding behind me that's our six-year-old daughter there's a baby and we have one more come here one more two more we have one more eve come inside this is our seven and a half year old daughter i'll bring the other one and there is a plus one a one and a half year old daughter this is a 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Aloha, I'm Kirsten Baumgart Turner and this is Sustainable Hawaii, streaming live every Tuesday at noon from the ThinkTech Hawaii studio in downtown Honolulu. I seem to have gotten a frog just as we came on air. Excuse me. We're going to talk about climate changes occurring today in Hawaii and the U.S. affiliated Pacific Islands and how it's impacting coastal infrastructure, terrestrial ecosystems, ocean and coastal ecosystems, and communities and cultures. Hawaii and the six U.S. affiliated Pacific Islands, which are American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands and Palau include 2,000 islands with about 1.9 million inhabitants, representing numerous languages and cultures. Here to talk with us today about the climate changes affecting these islands, including us in Hawaii, is Zina Grekny, Project Specialist for the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment. Ms. Grekny received a Master of Environmental Management from the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies. Her program of studies centered on climate change adaptation and freshwater and coastal governance with a particular focus on small islands. Welcome Zina. Aloha. Thank you. Kirsten. It's great to be here. I want to ask you first what brought you to Hawaii besides the fact that we are a chain of small islands. Yes. That's a great question. I actually first came to Hawaii in 2009 with my now husband, who grew up on a farm on the Windward side of Oahu in Waiaholei. I didn't know how long I was going to stay in Hawaii at first, but when I got here, I fell in love with the islands and I also learned a lot about how climate change was affecting them and the resources and cultures at risk and began working right away on that at the University of Hawaii. Well tell us about the PERCA, the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Change Assessment. Absolutely. I work as the sustained assessment specialist at Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment, which we also call PERCA, P-I-R-C-A for short, and PERCA is really engaging scientists but also resource managers, practitioners in government and business and communities in the process to identify climate risks and address them. My job really is to introduce scientists to practitioners and have that conversation about what practitioners actually need in their everyday work to better deal with the effects of climate change. Then scientists can produce information that fits those needs and is better tailored to their own terms and formats. Tell us what the region entails. I know I listed the actual island nations, but a lot of people don't know where those are and we have a great slide I think that you can walk us through. Yeah, absolutely. If I could see that slide. So our region is only the U.S. affiliated Pacific Islands, so we don't actually work on all 22 Pacific Islands territories and countries, but we do work in, as you said, American Samoa and Guam, which are territories. We work in the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marian Islands and Palau, which are all affiliated with the United States through the Compact of Free Association. This territory encompasses more than 20,000 islands and atolls, and it also encompasses the National Marine Monuments, like Papahanao, Mokua Kea, and others, and so it's really a vast region, includes tremendous ocean territory. We often refer to the Pacific Islands as, they are often referred to as small island states, but we like to refer to them as large ocean states because they encompass so much ocean. It's really fascinating to think of that, it's like a reverse negative. It gives them a lot more power in terms of what they control and sort of reframes it in a different light. That's true because we think of them as such tiny spots and the vast global issues, but when you talk about the resources that the ocean has and how they, we are very dependent upon them, it's actually a huge impact that these tiny island nations can have, particularly when they bring to light the issues that you're bringing to us today. What are some of those issues, and I know that you've given us some slides on the indicators you're assessing. Yeah, so the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment, in their last report, identified a number of key indicators of climate change. These are indications in the physical environment, changes that we're seeing, ways that we know climate change is happening throughout our region, and those include changes in rainfall patterns, and in some cases this means particularly on atolls and low-lying islands that freshwater may become more limited in the future and is becoming more limited already. We see sea level rise, which brings more severe and more frequent coastal flooding and erosion. It means changes in our marine ecosystems, including ocean acidification and ocean temperatures rising, which threaten our coral ecosystems, and also our benthic fisheries, deeper ocean fisheries. It means that our native plant and animal communities, particularly those that are rare and endangered, may face more stress and possibly extinction in the future, and it means threats to indigenous cultures and human communities, especially those living on those low-lying atolls and along the coast as their resource spaces and their land bases become threatened by climate change and sea level rise. And I think you actually have a graph of some of these in the previous indicator slide. Yes, absolutely. So this is a pictorial representation from our 2012 report of the different ways that climate is changing, the different factors of our climate that are experiencing change. And so this sort of demonstrates visually the things that I was just talking about in terms of habitats and species distribution is changing. In Hawaii, we're seeing base flow in our streams declining. And of course, as sort of a driver of all of this, we're seeing carbon dioxide concentrations rising. So this is really an amazing graphic because it's like a modern illustration of the Ahupua concept of the native Hawaiians before colonial contact and how they managed the land. And we're beginning to go back and use that in not just our scientific approaches, but in our city and statewide planning. So it's lovely to see this. Tell us a little bit more about the water issues because we know that we've had a lot of rainfall unseasonally, and it's caused a lot of flash flooding. Explain to our audience how that can cause drought and actually how do we account for the lower level in our freshwater streams? Yeah, that's a really good observation that we have seen a lot of rainfall recently with the recent El Nino pattern. And that's one feature of the Pacific Islands is that their rainfall is highly variable from year to year. And a lot of that has to do with the El Nino Southern Oscillation, which is a pattern that we see of ocean temperatures and air temperatures and pressure changing year to year and causing us to have less rainfall in some years and more severe and sort of devastating, almost dangerous rainfall in other years. But overall, over the last decade, rainfall in Hawaii and also some of the other eastern Pacific Islands in Micronesia has decreased overall on average. So we have to separate out. This is the difficult task of climate scientists. And sometimes I'm glad that I'm not actually doing the hydrologic modeling. I'm not actually doing the climate modeling myself that I have this job of translating it instead, because it's a difficult task to separate out what is climate change at times versus other phenomena like the El Nino or like the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which also has a large influence. And but those oscillations are actually being impacted themselves, right? So although those are natural cycles, they aren't occurring in their natural cycle. So that's right. And that further complicates the projections for the future for rainfall in particular. So with sea level rise, there's less uncertainty in terms of the magnitude. And well, there are actually there's a lot of a certainty in the magnitude of sea level rise, too. But in terms of what's already happening, they can see sea level rise where with rainfall may need to wait a little while to see that trend. And particularly we don't know what's yet what's going to happen with El Nino. The science is improving. We're constantly getting a better understanding of what El Nino Southern Oscillation means and how it affects the Pacific Islands. But we still need more time and research on that. So in your research, what are you seeing as the most poignant messages that we're getting out of that long list that you gave us, which is already pretty astounding? Absolutely. That's a great question. I would say that sea level rise, the coastal flooding and erosion has a lot of implications, both for Hawaii, but also for the US affiliated Pacific Islands. So we're looking at at all nations like in Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. People may lose their entire land base. So these are islands where they're only a few meters above sea level at the highest point. And they're starting to think about questions of migration possibly in the future. Should they lose their land and resource base? Or should they need to to regroup in another location as a country? Well, we know that in many locations, people are already having to move. I'm thinking of examples in the Aleutian Islands. And I remember at the World Conservation Congress, the Tongan minister, I believe the prime minister was here and they already have begun moving back communities. Are there other examples in the US affiliated islands that that they're actually having to move now? And the US affiliated islands, I think it's people are starting to plan for this into the future. And I think the idea of it and the projections have a lot of bear a lot of impact on their future planning for their families and for the future of their communities. I don't know personally of any examples of places in the US affiliated islands that have relocated to date. But in places like Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu, I believe it's already much more tangible. And in the Western Pacific, we've seen the highest rates of sea level rise in the last 30 years of the entire world, which may or may not continue. But in any case, it's really put a fine point on the need to move quickly. And I know a question our viewers might have that I had Chip Fletcher, Dr. Fletcher from UH, answer on this show a while ago. And maybe you can help remind us is why is that that in certain areas, the sea level rises more than others? Because intuitively, that doesn't connect, you know? Yeah, that makes a lot of sense. I mean, Dr. Fletcher would be a much better person to answer this question than I am and I'm glad he answered on on your show. But ocean processors are complex and winds are prevailing winds over the Pacific Ocean have a lot of import onto the ocean, the sea level and ocean currents. And I think in certain years, in certain decades, there are trends towards those winds pushing the water physically to the western half of the Pacific. And then it may change in other years and pushback. So I've heard that this trend towards western sea level rise being highest may actually change in the next decade. Well, that's pretty scary and has a great implication for us here in Hawaii since we're Central Pacific. And we're going to take a short break and then we'll get back and return with us to talk with Zina Greckney from the East West Centers, Perka, the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment. And we'll find out how that's going to affect Hawaii. Aloha, everybody. My name is Mark Schlaufe. I'd like you to join me for my program, Law Across the Sea on thinktechhawaii.com. Aloha. Hi, I'm Stacey Hayashi with a thinktech Hawaii show, Stacey to the Rescue, highlighting some of Hawaii's issues. You can catch it at thinktechhawaii on Mondays at 11 a.m. Aloha. See you then. Aloha. I'm Carl Campania, host of thinktech Hawaii's Movers, Shakers, and Reformers. I hope you join us over the next several weeks as we take a deep dive into biofuels in Hawaii and explore the alternative fuels supply chain necessary for the local and global transition towards transportation fuel sustainability. Join us as we have good conversations with our farmers, our producers, our conversion technologies, our investors, and our legislators as we try to achieve our transportation sustainability goals. See you soon. Hi, we're back with Zina Greckney and we're talking about the Pacific Islands Climate Change Assessment with regard specifically to Hawaii and our U.S. affiliated neighbors, neighbor island states. So what are some of the impacts that we're seeing in Hawaii and needing to plan for? Yeah, well, I think one of the greatest impacts that we're seeing right now is sea level rise and its effect on exacerbating coastal erosion that we already have. So an example is Waikiki Beach, which already depends on large imports of sand to renourish the beach on a periodic basis. Which costs millions and millions of dollars. It's very expensive, that's right. And sea level rise, a lot of other beaches are running too, and sea level rise just exacerbates this, increases the rate of that erosion and can cause inland flooding as well. So a lot of people think that sea level rise will only overwash roadways and the beaches right at the coast, but it actually raises the water table in back of the coastal development and can push up through the storm drains, which are connected to the ocean. So fresh water can actually inundate areas, pockets throughout the inland areas of Waikiki and other places. It already does this periodically in Mapunapuna as Dr. Chip Pletcher likes to point out. And also in Waikiki, because we've had several instances in the last few years of having to close the beach because our storm drains can't accommodate the drainage. That's right. And they've overflowed and it's caused tremendous pollution and really impacting the tourism industry. That's right. And so sea level rise just means this will get worse. There's sort of no question about that at this point. Just we're not sure exactly how fast that will happen. But the coastal geology group at the University of Waikiki has modeled this and they have maps showing one foot, two feet of sea level rise. And even after just one foot, which is a middle of the road projection for 2050, you see pockets of Waikiki being flooded persistently or at least periodically all over that district. And then another thing that climate change does with tourism in particular is to change the ocean chemistry and to affect our koa reef ecosystems, which is a major draw for tourism here. Divers, people going to Hanama Bay to snorkel and see the reef and see the fish. And it's all connected. The fish depend on the reef for their food source and so if we lose the reef, we lose fish as well. Right. And we've seen that actually in my lifetime in Hawaii. It's been absolutely astounding where in my favorite snorkel spots, how many fish are no longer there. And certainly the total number is just way down. It's really quite disconcerting. You hear everyone talk about it all the time. We have a coral reef slide, I think, that indicates what some of these impacts are. Yeah. So this actually shows bleaching events projected for 2030 on the top half and 2050 on the lower half. And you can see that the bleaching events become much more frequent in 2050 as we go. And by 2050, scientists are thinking that the reef will not have time between these bleaching events to recover. And so that might be a tipping point when the reef can no longer recover. Reefs are resilient. I think you recently might have heard that one scientist might have declared the Great Barrier Reef dead. Somebody wrote an obituary for it. It was sort of hyperbole. It was overstating. But it does send the message that we're in great trouble. I saw that a lot of scientists pushed back on that actually and said, no, our reefs are really resilient. And this current bleaching event only affected about 20% of the Great Barrier Reef. Nonetheless, that's 20%. Absolutely. That's pretty astounding. That's a huge worrisome number. And I think we need to be doing the things here in Hawaii to identify what might make reefs more resilient. And that's something that our program can help with in terms of providing information about case studies where reefs have been resilient and what are the factors that contribute to that and what can we do as managers to encourage it. And I know one of our guests on the show, Dr. Ruth Gates is doing intensive research in how to make reefs more resilient. That's right. And so the work you're doing is extremely important because you're providing her and everyone else working on this issue with the data. So as you're making calls for the collection of that data, people really need to heed that call and provide you the information because it's impacting all of the research that's being done out there. That's right. Absolutely. We are always looking to make new partnerships and new connections with researchers who are doing this work and help them to get their word out more broadly and to translate it for a broader audience in coastal resource management or business or whatever audience might be in need of this type of information. So we hope to make those connections more in the future. And I know that you're doing a call right now for information for people to tell you the kinds of information they're looking for. Yes, that's right. So we're doing a survey right now. It's informal, so it's not a scientific survey per se as you might think of in the social sciences. But it's really just to get the public's input. Anybody living in Hawaii or the U.S. affiliated Pacific Islands who might have an interesting climate change and wants to know what's going to happen, what is already happening in their environments and in their areas of work. We'd like them to take our survey. It only takes about three minutes. And this is a way that we're gathering input for our next assessment, which will be released probably in the next year upcoming. And that survey can be found on... It can be found on our website at perka.org. It's P-I-R-C dot O-R-G. P-I-R-C, not A. P-I-R-C A dot O-R-G. Thank you. There is an A. Good, good, good. P-I-R-C A dot O-R-G. Terrific. And I know you brought us some interesting slides on the sea level rise, too. Let's take a look at those. That's right. So this is a compilation of sea level data and future projections, dating all the way back to 1700 and then projecting out to 2100. This is from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is a global assessment of climate change and the knowledge about climate change from our scientific data. And as you can see, there are two scenarios. One is the red line going up. That's a high emissions and a high greenhouse gas concentrations scenario. And then the low one is in blue. So even with significantly curbing our greenhouse gas emissions and eliminating greenhouse gases from our atmosphere, we still see some level of sea level rise. But this scenario can sort of be our goal if we're thinking about preventing the worst impacts of sea level rise. Now, that raises the question, though. If we're lowering CO2 levels, some people say, and there's still sea level rise, they might be poking holes in our climate change claims. Why is that happening? That's a good point. I mean, I think there's a very large difference between about a foot of sea level rise or less and three feet, one meter of sea level rise. There's a huge difference for our Atul nations, for example, which live within, do much of their lives and have much of their resources in between those two levels in terms of sustenance, fishing, and house sites and livelihoods. So I think it makes a big difference when we talk about numbers. And the global agreement negotiated the Paris Agreement last year, which now has actually gone into effect with the threshold of the right number of countries representing the right number of global emissions signing on to it. I think that just happened in the last month. That was an opportunity to really hash out the numbers and their importance in terms of warming and in terms of carbon dioxide emissions. So even though we have, in some success scenarios for lowering CO2 levels in the atmosphere, sea level rise continues. And the science of that doesn't mean that we need to stop curbing CO2. It's very important to continue because sea level rise happens as a result of other climate impacts, not just the CO2 levels. Absolutely, yes. The CO2 levels actually drive the warming and drive the other impacts that we're seeing. So getting the carbon dioxide numbers right and tracking our emissions and tracking how much we are decreasing those as we follow the Paris Agreement and as countries shift to more renewable energy technologies and shift to a different type of economy then we need to be tracking those levels to make sure we're on track to meet those very important worldwide goals. Well, I know that some of the ways in which this acidification warming, sea level rise is impacting not just the humans but the different wildlife. We did mention the corals, but there's also the monk seals. And our monk seal population has gotten down to 1,000 at best estimate. What's happening to the monk seals as the ocean warms and the sea level rises? So the unfortunate thing about climate change in Hawaii and the US-affiliated Pacific Islands is that the places where we're seeing the hardest impacts tend to be in the ocean and at the coastline and up high in our mountain ecosystems. And those tend to be the places where we have the most rare and endangered native species. So species like monk seals, like Liza and Albatras, others that are unique to Hawaii and the Pacific Islands live in these very narrow bands of elevation. And on coral atolls like in Papahano, Mokuakea, National Marine Monument, wave overwash and sea level inundation is a major concern. At the upper elevations, avian malaria, which is expanding because of temperatures warming at higher elevations and mosquito population expanding its range upward, that has a concern for our native bird population. So kind of on either end of the Maokatumakai spectrum, we have major climate change issues that are affecting our native ecosystems. All right, so the circle of all marine life, all terrestrial life including ourselves is being broken in a nutshell by climate change impacts and you're helping to provide those assessments of how that is happening and what the data is so that we can all look at that data and figure out how to mitigate climate change, but also how to adapt and be more resilient because some of those changes have already happened or are happening and we need to respond to those. So it's really important work you're doing. Thank you. I want you to remind our listeners again of where to find your survey so they can go on and participate in it. Absolutely. So I'll try to actually get the name right this time. It's the Pacific Islands Regional Climate Assessment and it's at perkapirca.org. And I know you have several partners at Perka and Perka is part of the East West Center, right? Perka is actually a collaboration of many different entities. So I work at the East West Center but we have a lot of participation from federal agencies including NOAA, the USGS, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Department of Interior. We also have partners at the university and its research centers including the International Pacific Research Center which does a lot of the future modeling for climate change. At the East West Center and the University of Hawaii I'm also part of a collaboration called the Pacific RISA, the Pacific Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments Program which is an interdisciplinary research program combining social and physical sciences to look at all different aspects of climate change. And so it's really amazing that we've had so many contributors and it's also been one of the reasons for our success. Well, it's terrific that we have so many people working on this really important issue and that highlights why it's important. I'm really pleased that you came and joined us today and I hope we'll have you back again. Thank you for joining us at Sustainable Hawaii and we'll see you next week, Tuesday at noon. Aloha.


Good morning and welcome to the first meeting of the Health and Sport Committee in the Scottish Parliament fifth session. I have apologies from Donald Cameron and Colin Smyth. I would ask everyone in the room to switch off their mobile phones as they can interfere with the sound system. Rule 12.1.6 of standing order states that the first meeting of the new session is to be chaired by the oldest committee member. That's me. Until a convener is chosen. The first item on our agenda is the Declaration of Interest. In accordance with section 3 of the code of conduct, I invite members to declare any interest relevant to the remit of the committee. I remind members that any declaration should be brief but sufficiently detailed to make clear to any illustrar the nature of the interest. Can I start by registering my interest? I visited Taiwan last year. The costs were met by the Taiwanese Government. I am the honorary president of Orbison Bowling Club. I am anonwy member of the showman's guild. I have nothing further to declare. I will now invite each member to declare their interest. I am Claire Hawke. I am a registered mental health nurse. I maintain my registration with the nursing and midwifery council. I am also a member of the unison union. Tom Arthur, I own a £1 share in Barhead House Association. I am a member of the musicians union. I am a former director and shareholder at Velvet Music Ltd. I am a former freelance piano teacher. I have nothing else to declare. I am Miles Briggs. I do not have anything to declare as such for the committee. My name is Alex Cole-Hamilton. I am a former convener of the Scottish Alliance for Children's Rights. I also own a property that I rent out to social tenants, which has an income of about £10,000 a year. I have nothing else to declare. I am Alison Johnstone. I am on the board of directors of Scottish Athletics. I am a Scotland committee member of Fields and Trust. I have no other interests that are particularly relevant to the committee. Neil Findlay, my wife and daughter work for NHS Lothian. I am a member of Unite the Union and I am a member of Greenburn Golf Club. Those are relevant to the committee. I am Mary Todd. I am a pharmacist registered with the General Pharmaceutical Council. I am Ivan McKee. In terms of the Declaration of Interest, I have got a property that I rent out and I am still in the area and I am between £10,000 and £15,000 for that and I have got 50 per cent share in that property investment business. That is all. Agenda item 2 is the choice of convener. The second item is to choose a convener. The Parliament has agreed that the only members of the Scottish Labour Party are eligible for nomination as convener of the committee. That being the case, can I invite nominations for the position of convener? I have received one nomination and I therefore ask the committee to agree that Neil Findlay will be chosen as a convener of the committee. Are we all agreed? I congratulate Neil Findlay on his appointment and hand over the chair to the remainder of the proceedings. Our third item is to choose a deputy convener. The Parliament has agreed that only members of the Scottish National Party are eligible for the nomination as deputy convener of the committee. That being the case, can I invite nominations for the position of deputy convener? One nomination has been received and I therefore ask the committee to agree that Clare Hawke will be chosen as deputy convener of the committee. Are we all agreed? Thank you very much and I congratulate Clare on her appointment. I look forward to working with Clare over the coming years. The agenda item 4 is the decision on taking business and private. Today's decision would be whether we consider our work programme in private and we usually discuss that in private and at all future meetings would do the same. It's normal practice. This is because the work programme normally includes discussion on approach papers and witnesses and that type of thing. Are we agreed? We are agreed to remove the committee into private session.