So, our project was called Youth for Reconciliation, and we call it YFR for short. So the project involved the participation of students from grade 9 to grade 12, and these were students who were taking English courses, art courses, and communication technology courses in Markham and Picantica. So the project connects Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth in communities for the purpose of building these connections and relationships and allyship between both. At its core, the project was a collaborative novel study between the students in both communities, and an important element of our project was the use of social media as a digital tool, where students essentially used it as a platform to share their lived experiences and discover the power of student voice. So the project involves students authoring photo stories on our Instagram page, and the prompts for those photo stories were inspired by topics or themes that they were exploring in the text that we were reading together, and those prompts were also inspired by conversations that the students were having within one another, so within our classroom and within both classrooms about those topics and themes that they were exploring. And essentially what the Instagram page provided was an opportunity for students to sort of provide these windows into one another's lives and worldviews, really made what we were reading authentic and meaningful, and provided a really unique opportunity for students in these communities who probably otherwise would not have had contact with one another to get to know really deeply about one another. So before this project started, many of the students in both communities had very little interaction or knowledge about what the students in one another's communities were actually like, so for the students here in Markham, Indigenous peoples were primarily relegated to textbooks. Our understanding of who Indigenous people are in this country was primarily mediated by the media, and we came to learn really quickly that that's one sort of aspect, and so one way that we were really able to measure the success of the program was to see the students develop a really deep understanding of who our partners were, and that sort of went back and forth. Another thing was that it provided an opportunity for students to really hear one another's authentic truth, and a measure of success for our program was seeing the students come to care very deeply about the well-being of one another, about the social issues that each of the students in each of the communities were talking about and raising awareness of, and really to see the students feel invested in and an important part of responding to the truth and reconciliation's calls to action. I think that YFR in its conception was really a response to the question, what does disrupting texts in our classroom look like? What does decolonizing the classroom look like? These are like, you know, terms that are being thrown around in the system. These are hashtags that are becoming very popularized on Twitter, and the project was really like, what does this look like in practice in our classrooms? And so the project really helped, I think, both of us teachers, Lana and myself, to explore further and more deeply what a colonized classroom looks like and the importance of diversifying the texts and the voices that are available. So the stated ultimate goal of the TRC is to help guide and inspire First Nations peoples and Canadians in a process of reconciliation and renewed relationships that are based on mutual understanding and respect. And that really was the goal of YFR was to, through the sharing of one another's lives and experiences, really build in a sincere way that mutual understanding and respect. The YFR project goals were a few. The first was that we were looking for ways to facilitate the learning of 21st century competencies. We were hoping to facilitate the development of real critical literacy skills for our students, and we were endeavoring to respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's calls to action. This project just feels really special, I think, to both Lana and I, and when we first connected with one another, which was entirely, you know, random, it was through reaching out on social media. And my first post was, you know, does anyone want to connect with a non-indigenous community who's teaching on a First Nations reserve? And her response to me was, sure, what did you have in mind? And my answer was, I don't know. And so I think what makes this project really special to both of us is just how authentic and organic that it was, and will forever, I think, be indebted to our students, because we kind of said, here's an opportunity that we have, and they pretty well ran with it. And that's what made the learning so sincere and so incredible. I think for all of us involved, the teachers and the students, because we didn't know what this was going to turn into, you know, as far as I know in our board and also in Lana's, social media wasn't being used as a digital tool, so there was some red tape to cut through. But it ended up being like so spectacular in such a remarkable way. And seeing these two groups of students share experiences with one another and stories with one another and ask really sincere questions and demonstrate a really sincere desire to get to know each other was really inspiring. And I think makes us all really hopeful for what reconciliation looks like in the country in the years to come. Indigenous education for me is about individualizing and tailoring the teachings of language, culture, and history of individual communities into the current state of knowledge and understanding of these topics within each community. There cannot be one size fits all kind of educational approach under the title Indigenous Education, because every community has a different way of understanding the world and had a different experience with the government and the public interaction in the past. For example, some communities are well on their way to developing their language and culture programs. Some have the ideas, but no means of developing them. Some have the funds, but don't know how to put these into use. Some communities are struggling with the impact of religion and traditional spirituality. And some are struggling with the substance abuses and gang involvement. Some are struggling with parenting, etc. There are so many other issues that each community struggles with. So it is really, really hard to say that one Indigenous educational program will really fit the needs of all the Indigenous communities in Canada. While these issues above are not selective to one specific community, there are probably a few that take priority in each community. Once these community context is understood, only then can an individualized program be developed to fit the needs of the youth in that specific community. One must also be aware that many communities are isolated, and frankly, students don't wish to leave the community permanently in order to study or get a job. In that regard, it might also mean a whole new vision and goal for success for youths in these communities. For students that wish to settle in their communities, it might be better to offer individualized programs for building, fishing, hunting, cooking, business, etc. that they can develop in their careers. So for me, Indigenous education is something that still needs to be defined further and developed by each community. My name is Jacqueline Wong, and I'm a researcher with NCCIE. During the course of interviewing Lana, there were some technical difficulties, so we were unable to record question three. The following is her response to the question, what is your vision for Indigenous education in 10 years? In the next 10 years, I hope to see our educational curriculum changed. I hope to see equal funding for our federal schools, and hope to see less segregation of Indigenous youths and people in general wherever they go. I also hope to see support for communities struggling to regain their languages, culture, and practices, which is a great part of the intergenerational trauma that plagues many Indigenous communities today.


وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزال وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأوله الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل واشدوا الله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهدي السبيل واشدوا أن محمد عبده ورسوله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله يتعالى today we're going to cover the verse إن صورة توبة والله تبارك وتعالى said الله تبارك وتعالى he informed us in the previous verse إن الله اشترى من المؤمنين أنفسهم الله informed us that he bought from the believers their souls their nefs their wealths for what بأن لهم الجنة that in exchange Allah will give them جنة الفردوس that Allah will give them جنة that Allah will give them جنة سبحانه وتعالى for what for their nefs and their wealth they have to sacrifice those two for Allah and Allah will give them جنة in exchange after that Allah wants to give us the description the مؤمنين who are this is their description who Allah brought the from their nefs and their wealth that Allah gave them جنة in exchange who are those ones what is their description what are the beautiful attributes that they have Allah is mentioning it here in this verse Allah says the first quality they have is اتعيبون they are الذين اشترى الذين اشترى اللهم منهم أنفسهم واموالهم the ones who Allah has bought from them their nefs and their wealth for جنة Allah gave them جنة in exchange they are those who are الراجعون من معصية الله they return back from the sins that they've committed in their life the wrongs that they've done ايلا طاعتي and they go towards the obedience of Allah so the first quality of these people who are going to be given جنة they are going to be given جنة for their nefs and their wealth the quality that they have is they return back from their mistakes and their errors and their wrongs اتعيبون اتعيب is a person who is الراجع a person who returns back from من معصية الله from the disobedience of Allah سبحانه وتعالى towards Allah's obedience the second that is mentioned about them is العابدون they are الذين ذلوا للله الذين ذلوا للله وأطاعوه they humbled themselves for Allah تعالى وتعالى and they obeyed him and they did all of that محبت له with complete love وجتها دو في عبادتي وحدة and they worked hard and exerted great effort in worshipping him alone and not associating partners with him الحامدون the third quality which is الذين are the ones جميع احوالهم they praise Allah وتعالى in all of their situations they praise him سبحانه وتعالى they know Allah has given it to them and they know that he سبحانه وتعالى can take it from them they show and they express gratitude for what they have the next quality is السائحونة and السائحونة means اي الصائمونة they fast and that's the view انه جليل الطبري ان الواحدي ان ابنه عطية ان ابنه كثير ان الشوكاني all have chosen السائحونة means الصائمونة rather الشوكاني attributed this view to the majority لجمغور المفسيرين and to the majority of the المفسيرين you can go to تفسير المجليل الطبري you can go to البسيط by الواحدي you can go to تفسير ابنه عطية you can go to تفسير by الامام الشوكاني رحمه الله and from this سلف the ones who said السائحونة means الصائمونة is none other than the noble companion ابو هريرا عبد الرحمن ابنه صخر عبد الله اباس عائش عبد الله ابنه مسعود سعيد ابنه جبير مجاهد ابنه جبر الحسن البصري اطائبنه رباح الضحاك all of these all of them they've mentioned السائحونة means الصائمون those who fasted there's another group of scholars who said السائحونة means هم المسافرونة في القروبات they're the ones who travel in good deeds they travel around the world in things that will get them closer to Allah they travel for things that will get them closer to Allah like كسفري للجهد they travel for جهد والعمر they travel for عمر وطالب العلم they travel for seeking knowledge or even وصلة الارحام keeping ties of kinship visiting relatives and the scholars that chose their opinion that السائحونة means those who travel for good deeds whether it be جهاد it doesn't matter or حج or عمر وطالب العلم وصلة الارحام the scholars that held their opinion is none other than القاسمي محمد رشيد رضا عبد الرحمن السعدي ونبنع عاشور you can find it in the تفسير بوكس if you go to تفسير القاسمي تفسير المنار باير محمد رشيد رضا وصل تفسير حبان أصدر السعدي أن تفسير المعاشور ولذلك عكريما he chose that السائحونة means specifically not just المسافرونة في القروبات عكريما said السائحونة actually means those who travel for what طالب طالبة العلم it's referring to the students of knowledge that's their quality they seek knowledge they travel for seeking knowledge عكريما that's the view that he took you can find it in the تفسير ابن أبي حاتم the sixth volume page 1889 from their qualities is they pray they are prostrating in their prayer okay they're bowing down in their prayer this is referring to في الصلوات المكتوبة والمندوبة it's referring to the obligatory prayers it is also referring to the it's also referring to the voluntary prayers it encompasses all of that it encompasses all of that ابن جليل mentions that زجاج mentions that عقية mentions that ورطوب mentions that ابن كثير mentions that ورطوب also mentions that view which is المصلون الراكعون وساجدون في صلواتهم المكتوبة والمندوبة from their qualities is from the qualities that they have is they are they command the people everything Allah has commanded and instructed them ورسوله and his messenger from those things that they instruct the people is من الإيماني بالله believing in Allah وطاعته وطاعته رسوله وطاعته رسوله obeying Allah and obeying his messenger وينهونهم and they warn those people and everyone from what عن كل ما نحن الله everything Allah has prohibited ورسوله and his messenger مثل الشرك like شرك بالله associate partners with Allah ومعصيته and disobeying him ومعصيته رسوله and disobeying the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحْدُودِ اللَّهِ from the quality of these people is that they are وَالْحَافِظُونَ لِحْدُودِ اللَّهِ what does that mean it means وَالْعَامِرُونَ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَنَهِينَ they act in accordance to the commandments of Allah and they stay away from the prohibitions of Allah اللذين لا ضيعون الشيء أمين أحكام الشريعة they do not forsake anything in the just the spirit rulings of the religion which is ordained upon them they don't abandon it they take it on board that's what they do and finally Allah concludes by saying وَبَشْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ and give glad tidings وَبَشْرِ يا محمد محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم and give glad tidings to who جميع المؤمنين are all of the believers for what لكن بكل خير في الدنيا ولا أخرى the good of this world and the good of the hereafter that they go to attain it that's the مؤمنون brothers and sisters that's the quality of the مؤمنون what is their quality they are people who make sure that they did all of that ولذلك it's mentioned in the كلام of الشيخ إمامه بنجليل طبري when he came to the part of the آيو وَبَشْرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ he says فإنه يعني what Allah means here is وَبَشْرِ الْمُصدِقينَ is attached to the truthful ones بما وعدهم الله إذاه وفهم وفهوا الله بعهدين that what Allah has promised for them if they fulfill their part of the bargain if they fulfill their part of the promise that they made أنهم وفِل لهم that Allah will fulfill for them بما وعدهم من إتقاله من الجنة that which he has promised for them in Jannah إبن عطيه عام .. أم يرى به النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم .. هذا يجب أن يكون جنوط هام .. المسجد الصلى الله عليه وسلم يخبر صلى الله عليه وسلم و يبشر أمته جميعاً بالخير من الله .. فهي يجب جلاء تاينين .. إلى أمه .. مع كل من the good that Allah has promised for them وقيله .. إبراعطي يسأل .. يسأل .. بل هذه الألفاظ خاصة .. لمن لم يغزو .. هذا .. يسأل .. لمن لم يغزو .. لما تقدم في الآية وعد المجاهدين .. أفتا .. يعني قبل ذلك .. when Allah mentioned the promise that he made for the مجاهدين and the virtue that they have وفضلهم .. أم يرى أن يبشر سائر الناسي also to give a glad tidings to the remaining ones because the مجاهدون have high levels but now we're talking to the other women on give them glad tidings من من لم يغزو .. those who haven't done the ghazwood they didn't participate in the battle بأن الإيمان مخلص من الناري مخلص من الناري that the إيمان will save you from the نار والحمد لله رب العالمين then it will save you from the نار going to back to a word which is أسائح now if I go a bit more into it I gave the views regarding it إبرا عشر رحمه الله he mentions that the word أسائح now is مشتق this is the reason why there is dispute in it أسائح now is مشتق when taken from the word من السياحة and the word means أسير في الارض is to travel the earth و المراد به it's meant by سير خاسم محمود شرع it's not meaning just traveling the earth of course that's not what it means here it means a specific type of traveling that traveling that's praiseworthy that traveling that's praiseworthy in the شريعة و هو السفر الذي في قربة لله it is the traveling where a person is getting closer to Allah by traveling it و امتثال لأمره and it's following the commandments of Allah in it مثل سفر الهيجرتي من دار الكفري أو السفر للحج for example migrating from the lands of the disbelievers or traveling for Hajj أو السفر للجهات or traveling for Jihad و حمله هنا على السفر للجهات أنسب بالرقام and here to refer to it as a safar or traveling for Jihad is more befitting و أشمل للمؤمنين and it's more general for the believers المؤمنين المؤمنين الأمينين بالجهادي بخلاف الهيجرتي والحجي يعني what is more fit to say is traveling to jihad specifically because again the context does restrict that it does restrict that and it's talking to the believers to participate in jihad commanding them to do so other than Hijra and Hajj but another group of scholars they don't take that day like they take it as general also some scholars they mention it means السائحونة السائحونة means بقلوبهم it doesn't mean بأجتاديهم it doesn't mean their body physically but it also means their hearts في ذكر الله و محبتي they're traveling with their hearts in the remembrance of Allah تبارك و تعالى and loving him والإنابتي إلي and always returning back to him والشوق إلى لقائه and looking forward to meet him سبحانه وتعالى و إنه يترتبوا عليها كل ما ذكنا من الأعمال الصاريحة and from there of course comes under that all of the righteous deeds and from the scholars that have chosen that opinion is the great scholar ابن القيم in his Kitab حادي الأرواح إلى بلادي الأفرح and he actually based his Kitab on that رحمه الله and he says رحمه الله فسرة السياحة بالصيام و فسرة بالسفر في طالب العلم و فسرة بالجهادي و فسرة بالدوام الطاعة و التحقيق فيها أنها سياحة القلب في ذكر الله والمحبته والإنابتي إلي والشوق إلى لقائه و يترتب عليها كل ما ذكنا من الأفعال هي سيزا و لذلك ألمان القرطبي أبو عبد الله القرطبي he mentions he says قيلة هم الجائلون بأفكارهم في توحيد ربهم وما لوكته وما خلق من العبري والعلامات أدالة على توحيده و تعظيمه he says that this is referring to those whose minds and their thoughts is يعني traveling it's traversing in what in the singling of Allah in acts of worship and obedience okay and it's also trans it's also traveling and it's traversing in looking at what Allah created and the powerful signs that are around them that shows Allah's oneness and shows Allah his greatness سبحانه وتعالى and he mentions حكاه نقاش نقاش has mentioned this that the word it means that and etc so those are the the views out there that the مفصيرون have mentioned I'm going to stop there إن شاء الله وتعالى anything which I've said that was wrong incorrected from me إن شاء الله and his messenger are both free from it سبحانك اللهم وبحمد أستغفر أكوة أكوة السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته كيف can you do a two second action right now that will give you a share of the reward of everything we're doing on this YouTube channel simple like this video and click subscribe why it will allow YouTube to recommend our videos to other users and imagine the huge amount of reward that could be waiting for you on the day of judgment if you did that with a sincere intention of spreading the Dean of Allah you'll be rewarded for every single person who benefits from one of our videos as a result of your like or subscribe that's an easy two second action that you definitely don't want to miss out on do it now click like and subscribe and don't forget to make that intention


I'm Brian May in the Cal OES Newsroom with the latest on the California wildfires and we will start with good news from our friends at Cal Fire. The number of active fires in the state now down to nine. In Northern California, the weather continues to cooperate. Containment numbers on all of the major Northern California fires at or above 90%. And that's allowing the fighting to move resources now to the south as much higher temperatures and dangerous wind conditions continue to cause red flag warnings in much of Southern California. We also have good news in the form of schools. Eleven schools were able to be opened overnight and we are working hard to get the others opened as soon as it is safe and possible. Still 39 schools are closed, all of those in Sonoma County. Now as far as the statewide situation is concerned, the state emergency operation center just across the hall from me now still continues to be the hub of operations here in Sacramento. This is where state, local and federal officials are focused on recovery. Various task force teams are meeting several times a day to address issues like shelter for those who have lost their homes. Also schools we talked about and debris removal. And speaking of want to once again remind you to connect with your local county to get the information you need to begin the debris removal process. You can find that information on your county website. Yesterday officials in Santa Rosa held a press conference to specifically address questions about debris removal. Eric Lamaro is among those leading the debris cleanup efforts for Cal OES. The most important part of us moving forward on that full cleanup is the right of entry forms. The county needs to receive permission from each and every one of you that have tragically lost a home so that we can begin the work of cleaning your home site. And let me just dispel a couple misconceptions that I know are out there on the right of entry form. First and foremost, we are not going to charge you for this cleanup. If you have insurance that has a clause for debris, we'll be looking to collect that. If your insurance for debris is part of a larger category, we're going to let you rebuild. And if there's any proceeds left over, we'll look to collect those for debris. You heard Eric mention the right of entry forms. They are crucial to begin the cleanup process. And again, you can get those right of entry forms from your local county. For all of us at the State Operations Center, I'm Brian May. Thanks for watching.


Hi there, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell. Interesting day today, the YouTube channel has a new name. I never expected when I set this channel up for it to be such an interesting video adventure, so I just stuck with calling it by my name, which is Daniel Rossell. The new name for the YouTube channel, I don't know if it's going to stick, but it's certainly going to be temporary, is Daniel's very random YouTube channel, because if anything defines this channel so far in this adventure, it's that has been pretty random. I'm here tonight in a key car, Hamuzika, which in English means Music Square roughly. This is one of the squares in the center of Jerusalem. I'm recording this video on the 31st of December 2022, which means a course that it is New Year's Eve. Now New Year's Eve in Israel is a little bit different than the rest of the world, because technically the year that Israel really works to is the Jewish calendar and Jewish New Year. The date in the Jewish calendar is 5783. So New Year's is not a big thing in Israel and it's more so in Jerusalem because it's more religious, let's say, than Tel Aviv. So you kind of just see less of an emphasis on New Year's. Israelis tend to call this Sylvester. It's named after a German pope, I believe, something like that a few hundred years ago, and Navigod as well for the Russian-Israeli community. So if you're looking for a good New Year's party in Israel, it's probably too late by the time you watch this video, look for some Russian bars, because they tend to have celebrate this a little bit more. This channel going forward, I mentioned a couple of times I'm in the process of splitting out channels, because I've got so many random interests. I've already done that for a couple of channels. And the question of what is going to be the focus of the channel going forward, really good. There's going to be a lot of stuff about Jerusalem. It's where I've been living for eight years. I really think it's one of the most interesting cities in the world. So if you're watching this channel, you've subscribed to me today. Firstly, thank you for joining me on the journey. And please feel free to suggest if there's anywhere interesting in Jerusalem or Israel that no one's made a video about, especially, or you've always wanted to know more about the place, drop me a comment, drop me a comment here, or shoot me an email, click on to the About tab of this YouTube channel, and that email address will get through to me somehow. Thanks for watching and looking forward to making more of these videos.


Good morning, John. Special day, special extra video. Yesterday, you talked in your video about 8808 and Terminus, the Harry Potter convention that we went to, and I wanted to add to that conversation, because it was just a big deal. Just before that event, I picked up from Kinko's, uh, some very nice people made for me, a hundred CDs with my music on it. The album was called Songs from Hank Green's Pants Terminus Edition, and I don't remember anything about it, except that I ripped most of the songs directly from my own YouTube videos, so it wasn't like a really high quality enterprise or anything. But we did sell every single one of the ones that we didn't give away. And I wonder if anybody still has a copy of that, or the one that I did before that, the several songs from Hank Green's Pants, which we sold at an event in Michigan. If anybody has either of those, I would like to buy them from you, because it made me realize in a new way how much support we had from this community, and it felt so good to be selling my music. And I also kind of want a memento to remember that day with, because it was a really big day. It was my first Harry Potter convention, one of the first times I played music in front of people. I met a bunch of people that I'm still great friends with, and that I love dearly to this day. And that feeling of support I got from people buying my stuff, and also, you know, knowing that it was gonna help me pay bills and stuff led directly to me creating with Alan Westafka, DFTBA Records. You don't always know when you're inside of a super life-changing moment. And sometimes you do. Like, for example, right now, I know that I'm inside one of those moments, because we're gonna have a baby. And that's definitely, I've heard, pretty life-changing. But what's very clear to me now, as a person who's adding to his family, and who has a lot of really wonderful people in his life, who I love a lot, is that the things that make Life Special aren't necessarily these big, great events, and I've gotten to have a lot of those, and I'm very grateful for them. Very unusual things happening to me so much, even, that it starts to seem normal. What makes Life Special is the people you love, and the people who love you, and knowing that, and feeling that, and helping them feel it from you. Because I think all too often we forget about that fabric that holds it all together, which is that we appreciate each other for who we are. Today is yesterday, August 3rd. It's the day on which we celebrate the kinds of love that society is maybe a little less good at celebrating because they're maybe not quite as exciting. Despite the fact that it's the fabric that holds our entire society together. I love you, John. I love you not just because we've been able to do a lot of really cool, weird things together through this project, and not even because you're a great collaborator, and partner, and thinker, but because you're a great brother, because you're there for me even when I'm being a jerk, or when I'm confused and angry, and like, not even acting in my own best interests. You want the best things for me, you're willing to work through my issues to help me when I need help, which is all the time.  Life-changing moments, they're great, whether you know you're in them or not, I think they deserve to be looked at, and enjoyed, and sort of like, you know, connected with, and realized that you're on a trajectory in your life, and that you're moving through it, and having things happen to you, that's all wonderful. But achievements aren't what life is made of. I think the best lives are made of love. And I want to thank Esther for giving us a day to remember that. John, you'll see me tomorrow. For a very cool thing that I'm excited about, that we've been working on for a long time. So, get ready for that, mostly if you're American, though. Sorry, everybody else. You get an extra video this week if you're not American, get this one. So, sorry, everyone is not American.


Hello and welcome to the session. Let's work out the following question. It says, does there exist a function which is continuous everywhere, but not differentiable at exactly two points. Justify your answer. Let's now move on to the solution and that is the function fx given by mod x plus mod of x minus one and this can be again written as minus x plus minus of x minus one if x is less than zero and it is x plus minus of x minus one if x lies between zero and one plus x minus one if x is greater than one. This is where the definition of mod x which says it is minus x if x is less than zero and it is x if x is greater than zero similarly mod of x minus one will be minus of x minus one if x is less than one and it is x minus one if x is greater than one. One combining these two functions we get this for this x is less than zero but x is also less than one so this function is minus of x minus one here also x is less than one so this function is minus of x minus one but in this case both x is greater than one and of course x is greater than zero so the function is therefore fx is equal to minus x minus x is minus two x plus one so the function is one minus two x if x is less than zero and it is plus x minus x is zero plus one that is one if x lies between zero and one that is x plus x is two x minus one if x is greater than one. Now we will show that this function is continuous everywhere now we know that mod x is continuous everywhere of x minus one is continuous everywhere because we know that the mod function is continuous therefore their sum is continuous everywhere so this implies fx is continuous everywhere so that the function is not differentiable at exactly two points so in first show that the function is not differentiable at x is equal to zero we will check the differentiability at x is equal to zero so we will prove that the left hand limit is not equal to the right hand limit as h approaches to zero so h approaching to zero from the left hand side of f of zero plus h minus f of zero upon h now since h is approaching from the left hand side so f of zero plus h that is fh will be this limit h approaching from the left hand side that is h approaching to zero minus f of h that is one minus two h minus f of zero f of zero would be one minus two into zero that is one upon h and this would be equal to limit h approaching to zero minus one minus one is zero and this becomes minus two h upon h h gets cancelled and the limit would be minus two now we will check the right hand limit f of zero plus h minus f of zero upon h now since h approaching from the left hand side from the right hand side the function will be this limit h approaching to zero plus one minus f of zero f of zero would be one only one minus one upon h so this would be limit h approaching to zero plus of zero that is zero so limit h approaching to zero minus of f of zero plus h minus f of zero upon h is not equal to limit h approaching to zero plus f of zero plus h minus f of zero upon h so this implies function is not differentiable at now we will check the differentiability at x is equal to one so again we will check the left hand limit and the right hand limit f of one plus h minus f of one upon h now since h is approaching from the left hand side when x is less than one so the function will be this one that would be limit h approaching to zero minus one minus f of one will be one only so it is one minus one upon h so the limit would be now we find the right hand limit f of one plus h minus f of one upon h now since h is approaching from the right hand side when x is equal to one so the function will be this that is two x minus one so limit would be h approaching from the right hand side f of one plus h and the function is two x minus one so it would be two into one plus h minus one minus f of one that is two into one minus one upon h so this would be limit h approaching to zero plus of two plus two h minus one minus two minus one is one upon h h approaching to zero plus of two h upon h limit would be hand limit of f of one plus h minus f of one upon h is not equal to limit h approaching right hand side of f of one plus h minus f of one upon h so this implies fx is not differentiable x is equal to one hence the function is continuous everywhere but it is not differentiable at x is equal to zero and at x is equal to one so this completes the question on this session my for now take care have a good day


Welcome everyone to my second video blog for the year. It's great to have your questions and please keep them coming. So our first question is from Sophie Baker from the Nectar Program. She wants to know more about why ANU needs to lead the nation in mentoring as described in our strategic plan. So I'm very lucky. I'm a very sociable person. And so throughout my life, I have been able to seek out mentors at any given time, including in this job. I take advice from a whole range of people all the time. I also try to help out other people in their careers and provide them advice, people here at ANU, but also people around the nation and around the world. But not everyone is as extrovert as I am. And so I think it's really important, especially for our staff and our students to get some mentoring, especially in critical times when they're starting, for example, a new job here at ANU. And so this mentoring program really is there to help people get a sense of what's possible, how to navigate, for example, the university or Canberra, to understand things like the Australian Research Council or the NHMRC. But it's also there to be someone to get some advice from people who have been through a lot and can reflect on the hard times, how they're unfortunately just part of life and sometimes they can help you how to get through those hard times. So it is really a multifaceted relationship that will take many forms, depending on the situation and the people involved. But it is really important, I think, that everyone feels that they have someone to rely on for advice and help. And so that's why I think it's so important. For our early EMCRs, you'll be glad to know that we have a program commencing, a pilot program that we're expanding up based on one within the sciences. And so I encourage you to find out more about it at the link that's at the bottom of the video. Our second question comes from Allison Wright. She asked or says, it was announced earlier this year that ANU will host a major forum on national indigenous policies and governance. She thinks it's a great initiative, but she wants to know more. Is there an opportunity for interested staff and students to be involved? And so at the very top level, the role of ANU is to convene the discussions that the nation needs to have, but for reasons political in nature often is unprepared to have. And since we are so committed as a university to the indigenous people of Australia, it strikes us that it is a great opportunity to go through, follow in, follow on from the Uluru statement and talk about reconciliation and recognition. Doesn't mean we're going to solve it, but by convening a forum that brings people from around the world and around the country, my hope is that we can here at ANU restart what appears to be stalled discussions. And so we are being joined by the four members of Parliament who are indigenous to convene an event in July at the Australian Museum of Democracy, also known as Old Parliament House. It's going to take place in the House of Reps Chamber that holds 150 people, give or take a few. And so the forum is going to have a fairly limited attendance from any given place, including ANU, because it needs to represent stakeholders of all sorts. So there's going to be an opportunity to put an expression of interest in, but as I said, most people are going to have to participate in other ways. So one of the things that we'll be doing is live streaming the event here into ANU and undertaking some activities here that parallel the event at Old Parliament House. So if you are really interested, please let us know and email into the email address at the bottom of the screen. Tell us your interest of whether or not you'd like to act as a volunteer, perhaps help convene a set of activities that would mirror what's going on at Old Parliament House. And of course, we'll give you the opportunity to sign up and be part of what I think will be a historic event, but one that I do hope helps Australia advance on this very challenging topic that has been with us since the time of Federation. Our final question today comes from emeritus professor John Nalen Maloney. John writes, the damage done to the university, especially to the sections of Chifley Library, is particularly worrying. Is it eventually possible to list what is lost? And I'm sure that retired staff would be happily to gift the library such items in their own library. So for example, he says he has 25 volumes of historical studies in his collection that might be useful for students. So we are deeply, I think, grieved by the loss of so many works down in Chifley Library in history, philosophy, and politics. And the reality is we're not going to be able to replace all of them, but we are absolutely committed to creating a collection going forward that is every bit as good as what we had. But it's going to be a slow process that requires a lot of thought and planning because we have an opportunity to design something that will serve Australia and the ANU for the future now. And if we're going to go through that level of pain of recreating the collection, we might as well do it and be as strategic about it as possible. Nonetheless, if people have things in their library or are nowhere, you know, some key items that they're familiar with down there, might be that they would be prepared to donate, please email the library, and you can see Roxanne's email on the screen, and let her know what you have and what you might be prepared to donate. We won't need everything, but it would be great to have a list of things that we might start building up our collections with quickly. People are going to need to be patient. This is going to take some time. We've lost hundreds of thousands of books, and so we really are going to have to be slow and methodical, but I do commit that we are going to get the Chifley Library and the collections back up to scratch, and it is something that literally is the National University we cannot afford to not do well. Okay, so that's it for this month's video blog. I encourage you to put your questions in. It's at vc.messages at anu.edu.au. Until our next set of questions, have fun.


Hello and welcome to this session. In this session, we discussed the following question that says express as a single logarithm log 4 plus 2 log 3. Before we move on to the solution, let's discuss some laws of logarithm to be used in this question. We have log of m multiplied by n to the base a, where this base a is a real base greater than 1 is equal to log m to the base a plus log n to the base a. Another law is log of m to the power n to the base a is equal to n into log of m to the base a. This is the key idea that we use in this question. Let's proceed with the solution now. We need to express log 4 plus 2 log 3 as a single logarithm. This could be further written as log 4 plus. Now, 2 log 3 could be written as log 3 square using this law. So, further we have log 4 plus log 9. Now, using this first law of logarithm, we find that log 4 plus log 9 could be written as log of 4 multiplied by 9. That is, this is equal to log 36. Thus, we can write log 4 plus 2 log 3 as log 36. This is our final answer. This completes the session. Hope you have understood the solution of this question.


Ukrainian drones attacked the airfield in Crimea. Russia's defence ministry claimed on March the 1st that Ukraine had attacked occupied Crimea with 10 drones. According to the ministry, 6 drones were shot down by the air defence and 4 more were disabled using electronic warfare. The Russian press reported that a total of 15 drones were shot down in Yevpatoria and Saki. It is said that there were no victims during the incident. With a dash of black humour, presidential adviser Mikhail Podoliak tweeted that a sense of panic and collapse was growing in Russia, manifested by increasing domestic attacks of unidentified flying objects on infrastructure sites. Throughout the war, Ukrainian leaders and top brass have routinely refused any responsibility for attacks on Russian soil and often resort to ridiculing disorganised Russian servicemen. A Ukrainian military expert said that even though Kiev can and should attack Russia's territory, it does not want to divulge details of its operations there. Ukraine authorities did not take responsibility for the attacks and have not commented officially on any of the attacks on Russian territory but have claimed the right to hit back at Russia.


I would say to anybody out there that's an independent artist, my number one piece of advice, don't sign a record deal. Don't sign a distribution deal. Don't sign a publishing deal. Don't sign a management deal. Hire the people that you need to work with you. Pick out your goals and go get them done and you could get them done and it'll work and you'll connect with your fan base and you'll make money. And your rise will be as fast or as slow as you want it to be.


So how are you feeling today? Fine, thank you. You having any pain? No pain. Any discomfort anywhere? No, no.  59. Very good. 59 years old. And what month is it right now? February. Very good. Close your eyes and open and take your hand to make a fist and open. Terrific.  There you go. How many fingers you see? One, two, five. Perfect. Now can you cover your left eye with that same hand? That's great. One, two, five. Very good. Show me your teeth. Good. Relax. Close your eyes real tight. Tighter, tighter, tighter. Great.  That's terrific. One, two, three. Okay. And you can move it approximately. Very good. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. That's perfect. One, two, three, four, five. Very good. One, two, three, four, five. Very good. Take your right hand with your index finger. Touch my finger and now your nose all the way. And now my finger and now your nose and now my finger. That's terrific. So relax on that side. Let's see if you can touch my finger with your thumb on this side. If you can get it over towards me. Okay. Straight down all the way. And now come back up. That's terrific. Now let's switch legs and I'll help you a little bit. Let's get this one as high as we can to start with. Right about there if we can and then slide it down and slide it back up. Okay. Good. So we'll start here. Right. Right. Left. Which is sharper? Are they the same? Right is sharp. Right is sharp. Okay. Do you feel the left at all? No. You don't feel it at all? No. Okay. Now I'm going to touch your left or your right arm. Which one is sharper? The right is sharper. Okay. And do you feel me touching you on the left at all? No, I do not. Not at all. Same thing on the legs now. I'm going to touch you on the left or the right. Can you see? Right is sharp. Okay. Do you feel the left at all? No. Very good. Now I want you to take this card, put it where you can see it and tell me what you see going on in there.  Tell me what this is right there. And this right here? Key, glove, cactus, grass, feather. Very good. And what's this thing? It's a hammock. Very good. I want you to read these sentences to me if you would. You know how, down to earth, I got home from work near the table in the dining room. They heard him speak on the radio last night. Very good. Mama, dip top, 50-50. Thanks. Huckleberry, baseball player.  Is that right, left or both? Right. Right, left or both? Right. We'll try your hands now. Is this right, left or both? Right. Right. Okay. And then we'll try your legs. Right. Right. Left knee, I think. Right. Right. Good. Left. Right. Left. Both. Right. Both. Very good.


Good day fellow investors. Today I have a treat for the traders out there. For the short-term, medium-term traders that like to be exposed to 100% returns in the next year, two years max. I'm talking about Colony Nordstar, it's a REIT and it's priced as something else. So the company is going into transformation and when you hear about REIT investors, they like to see 20 years of dividends going up, like a normal REIT has. So if there is no such chart of constantly growing dividends, especially in a company that was formed this year, because Colony Nordstar has been created from the merger of three other companies, an asset manager, a REIT and so on. So it's a very, very complicated structure, but the management knows that. There is a discount on that complicated structure and they will work in order to make it more simple and to be priced as a normal REIT, which would imply a 100% higher stock price. In the meantime, you just get a dividend of 8.0%, not a bad deal. There are some risks which I'll also discuss at the end. So Colony Nordstar, an overview. It's a REIT, the stock price is 12.4, something like that. They have 56 billion under management, strong capitalization, lots of equity, high dividend, 8%, they have 5 billion global healthcare business, 4 billion hotel portfolio business, 3 billion light industrial business, mostly warehouses and then they have 6 billion global other equity and debt business plus a global investment management business with 56 billion under management. And when you see such a combination, okay, the REITs are okay for a diversified REIT and then you see what is that other equity and you see what they were involved into buying the Weinstein company, the movie business. So they are opportunistic, what are they doing there? That's not a REIT I want to own and that's why the price is low. However, the management is selling those opportunistically by both assets, like I want to buy real estate investment advisor from Colony Nordstar and so on. So they have been divesting and they will focus on the core assets, the core REIT. This is the portfolio now, as I said, hospitality, healthcare, industrial with other equity and debt. The point is that the current valuation according to the funds from operations, which is the usual metric watched in REITs is a 10. However, hybrid peer average REITs have a 15, 16, 17, 18 valuation. So a much higher average, 17.7 is here the average. So if Colony Nordstar manages to show some good quarters, table dividends or even increased dividends manages to sell those assets that it owns and becomes a normal hybrid REIT or a normal REIT, the valuation should be much higher. In the meantime, you get the 8% dividend. Just to look at the portfolios, we have the healthcare portfolio, 24,000 bets, well diversified account across the country, industrial portfolio, mostly warehouses, essentially in the last mile of the logistics chain. This is what they own part of it. Then we have the hospitality portfolio, 22,000 keys, 167 hotels that they owned.  So those hotels should do well, especially if the situation in the economy stays like it is. And that's a risk for this REIT that we'll discuss later. The most 79% is rented to Marriott and then to Hilton. They also invested in real estate debt, other real estate equity, net leases, so very interesting distribution of debt. We'll see how it works out. The capital structure, common equity 8.5 billion, debt similarly, so debt just a little bit more. So it's a good debt to assets ratio that leads to strong dividend. Now, Seth Klarman owns 7.7% of this company. That is how I came to it. And on top of everything, he owns the company, but he plans to return some investor's money. The same as he did in 2010 and 2013. And he's now 42% in cash, which means that he really finds it difficult to invest his money. And that's another plus for Colony Nordstar. It's a complicated REIT. There are a lot of things going on, a lot of divestitures, a lot of investments. So it's a REIT that still has to stabilize. If the economy stays as is, if interest rates don't change too much and the economy grows, this REIT will continue with positive funds from operations with a stable dividend that will perhaps even grow in the future, which will then make it attractive to those who invest in such REITs, because they expect long-term stability. So give it six months, give it a year, give it that the management confirms its intention to be valued as a normal REIT, and the stock price should even increase 50-100%. If that doesn't happen, you still get the 98% dividend, which gives a bottom to the price. The risks. This company was merged from three companies, so there is goodwill. How can there be goodwill on a REIT? It means that they overpaid for something, which is very interesting. Nevertheless, okay, from the merger, depending on market valuations prices, there can be some goodwill. So that's one risk. The other risk, of course, it's a REIT. Higher interest rates would push all REITs lower. However, if this REIT manages to be revalued, then even if interest rates rise, this fair valuation would put a margin of safety. The price to book value is one close to the stock price. So again, there is some margin of safety. Of course, a recession with the warehouses, with the hotels wouldn't be that perfect. But nevertheless, for now, as it is, and as what is the plan for the management in the short term, it might be a good deal. So dig deeper if you're interested in such deals. I am a bit wary of REITs. I still have to see how they work a little bit in the sector and what are the most structural risks if they are such a good investment as they have been in the past 45 years. And will they continue to be so? You will of course get that answer in a video or not. But that's for more long-term investors. In the short term, look at it. Thank you for watching. Looking forward to your comments. If somebody has something to share on those REITs, please let us know. As the more we know, the more we learn together, the higher will our returns be and the lower the risks. I'll see you in the next video.


Go to David McDowell John Layfield and Melissa Armell on all of this most anything with you begin with you What do you look for? Late Sunday night when you're looking at Asia or you're looking at how our futures are trading Well, what do you pick apart and want to discern for maybe science of stability or norm returning? Whatever that is I actually only focus on where the market's gapping So that's pre-market or post-market activity So Sunday night really just have the futures in the morning when you get up in the morning Monday It'd be really interesting to see where we gap I know we rallied into the close on Friday, but I think we were weak We were weak all last week and that's what made people panic was the first bearish week It could really say we've had in 14 and a half months since Trump was elected. I think we could still be lower I think we have to gap up huge on Monday morning in order to recover from this immediately Which we might but I don't think that we will we'll have to say so I look at the gap The poet how the gap between what the gap between the close of four o'clock will be closed Okay, and the open on Monday morning. Where are we gonna open? Where's our? Institution's gonna come in in the pre-market and buy or they're gonna dump more shares That's interesting, you know


Welcome to Escalator. Hi everybody. I'm welcome to my desk. It's me Lady Aida with me is mr Lady Aida on camera control. I know some updates from my desk some samples This is gonna we're back to a normal schedule this week We've been kind of back and forth a little bit, but we're gonna have this in the great search So any news or updates? Do you want to give people? No, just we're riding the wave every single week being the water that flows into the container that is provided for us, so Should be yeah, just trying to chill Because every week is a new and interesting challenge with part shortages with international affairs With all sorts of things that make doing engineering just part of the puzzle that we get to solve every week So Lady Aida, what is on your desk of this week? Okay, so this week. I got a cool sample I thought I'd show off and do the overhead. I got a couple different OLEDs and this one This is a clear OLED So, you know, I do a lot of displays here and it's like there's always more displays to cover We've got OLEDs and TFTs and sharp memory displays. This is kind of interesting. So You know, I think that this is It's not gonna be like super bright, but I think you know one thing about OLEDs is that They don't need a backlight right they self create the light and so this OLED doesn't have a backing to it And so that the each each individual pixels should light up So it's got like a 24 pin connector and I think it does I squared C and SPI and it's like an SSD chipset So even though it's I've never used this. I don't think it's gonna be too hard for me to put together a Quick breakout for it and probably the breakout, you know be separate like this won't have a PCB behind it because you'll want to you know, you probably want to mount it somewhere To to have it, you know backlit and all that good stuff. So From whatever you want to make. So this is a sample I got Another thing, you know working on this week is we're doing a lot of revisions and updates. You've noticed on the Adafruit site You know, there's a lot of lockdowns and shutdowns everywhere. So not a lot of products coming in Especially from other makers like we've booked orders and stuff. It's still being made or not in yet But we are, you know doing a lot of revisions for our own products Updating them to use parts that we can get And also just making what we can, you know, one of the one of the chipsets that I can get a lot of is Stuff from Espresso if they're there, you know, whatever they'd be the book time ahead of schedule or They've bribed TSMC with donuts or whatever, but they're able to get parts and so We revised the ESP 32 S2 feather this week and I think we might have a couple left in stock So this feather uses ESP 32 S2 mini module which has four megabytes of flash Two megabytes of PSRAM and it's perfect for a feather. You see it's like it fits nicely with plenty of space for like a STEM IQT and LDO and some buttons and Neopixel I think this This might have a neopixel demo running on it. We'll see Maybe not but Here I can put it in bootloader mode so you can see it light up You know get Neopixel and LED and battery charging and all this stuff and I really like the S2 It's a good Chipset and I had to revise this feather because I made a mistake on the previous Version, you know, this board has a BME 280 and I had the pull-ups going to the three volt line Instead of being controlled by the power control switch for the QT and so In low when trying to go to deep-sleep mode if you had external I4C sensors that were high currents They would They would draw current from the QT port through the pull-up resistors and kind of self-power That's having high current draw. That's fixed now because we have a totally separate regulator and then once I fix this One of the things I designed if people remember is I made an S3 version of the feather It's basically identical pinout the the module is identical pinout the chip is not But with the mini module the S3 and the S2 are like almost identical There's like one or two pins that are different But the differences are you know, there's like two extra pins basically But I just didn't connect them anyways, so the When we made the S2 feather Because I fixed, you know, I actually had ordered the PCBs for the S3 feather with them It's you know the earlier power mistake and then I was like I don't want to fabricate this and then have to fix it So I just I just e-wasted the PCBs and then when this board was run this week I asked the machine's team. Hey, you know right before you put the last panel through Remove the module and put S3 module there instead Because that'll give me like, you know a beautiful perfect prototype peak because it's like I don't want to have to Hand assemble it if I give the pick-and-place do it and just swap out a board So I did that so this one is marked. You can kind of see it says S3. So this has an S3 mini module on it So this weekend I mostly worked on getting this to come up. So This is actually running Circuit Python, I think but one thing that's nice is first off We've got a lot better circuit Python support for S3 Thanks to Scots in trepid hacking on the S3 and the S3 box and also Arduino added Sorry, it's price of added Arduino support in their Arduino Boards for package in a branch and so we were actually able to make the full test program as well like all the code that I need to do to test the board You know I was able to I prefer to write that in Arduino and not IDF or you know Micro-Python or circuit Python. I'm always willing to do it But of course it's ideal to do it in Arduino because it's it's fast and it's consistent and it's very reliable but mostly just very fast and So I got that going and I've got a tester made This testers actually from a while ago because again, I ordered the PCBs and then you know realize that I had made a mistake with the design So this is the the tester And you can oops you can see it says yes p32 s3 and then You know you plug in the board And you put it down on the test You know the testing area and then I press the test button and It goes through a full test of all the hardware and programs it So this is actually ready to fabricate. So I ordered the PCBs for this and Because it's the same Because that mini modules identical the the pinout and the shape and the stencil and the program is the same as the S2 I can see here. It says it passed it tested all the GPIO And then it's got a little bit of a rainbow swirl to show that it's working This should be really fast to get into the store the modules. I got don't have ps ram They have eight megabytes of flash, but that's just because that's what was available But that's I kind of the first thing that expressive released But they did tell me they're gonna have a version with ps ram. So I'll make another version of this board When the ps ram version of the chip comes out, but the s3 has 512k of s ram compared to I think like maybe 320 k on the s2 And so already it's got like way more ram. So like Circuit Python without ps ram on the s2 is like it you can do stuff But it's hard to do Wi-Fi things you run out of memory very quickly But on the s3 even without ps ram I was able to to run a bunch of Wi-Fi programs No problem. Nothing huge, but you can read like, you know, you never have an extra hundred or 200k of s ram left over for Doing Wi-Fi stuff. So this is that tester and then I'm gonna just Shut this down any questions. No keep going people have well, you know, I thought I had I could I could show Little quickly. So this is shut down. So I'm gonna put this away I'm gonna leave this with the machines team tomorrow. This little tester jig you see with the plastic That's good So the next thing is The cutie pie board so this is also I designed and I had it ready But I made a small mistake on the board and then also there was no Arduino core support and circuit Python was iffy So I wasn't quite ready to release this But now I am so I thought I'd show how I'm going to add Arduino support to the board support package. It's already has circuit pythons and I can go through that But I'll show how to do Arduino support for this so people can see what it what is it what's it like? So let's go to the computer And first off, I do want to mention if you want ESP 32 s3 stuff they do have like chips and modules in stock right now so Yeah, so if you want like like this module has 32 K of 32 megabytes of flash and 8 megabytes of RAM, which is kind of ridiculous, but it's like runs like a full computer So that is available. So The first thing that I do when I want to get a board working is you start with the generic Definition that expressive mix for their deaf boards. It's like full featured, but it's It's in there. So first off, I'm in the the Branch I'll show you so I'm in a if you see the at the bottom right, I'm in a branch called ESP 32 s3 support So they made a branch where they're they're doing the work It's not a hundred percent ready for people to use use use, but it does work So if you just want to bring up your board, you can you can use this. So I went to this branch And I got the toolkit That you know when the get tool command to download the compiler and everything and then in the In here at the top Where they have at the very top they have all their deaf boards at the very beginning I picked the ESP 32 s3 dev module. So again, it's it's the generic definition So then you have to go through and you have to like pick all the the, you know Set up so upload speed doesn't matter USB mode So hardware cdc and j tag. This is actually some of the c3. I can tell that they reused that So the rom bootloader is this hardware serial You know, if you don't it's not on the go. It's actually a separate like rom CDC and j tag open ocd Debug tool. So just to get started. I'm going to just use that and not the usb on the go I'm going to disable the usb cdc I don't want mass storage. I don't want to Df you on boot. I will I do want to set the upload mode to use the internal usb, which is not the default Um, and that's because I'm I I'm not using a separate usb serial converter um, and then everything else Flash size. I don't I actually didn't change that because you have to set up the partition if you want something different Um, I didn't change the partition scheme. No ps ram on this chip So I made sure that's off And then I put the board into bootloader mode by holding We set boot and then we set to have the comport and you'll notice it says esp32 c3 dev module. That's the again that hardware cdc um JTAG, uh, you know built-in setup. So the next step I want to just I have a little blink program that I like to run because it it blinks a pin I just have to pin at the top and it can also test at the serial port and so Um, I because it's not my board definition. I have to use the hardware gpao pins So um, the s3 qt pie uses the same pin out as the s2 and so I can look up here Um, what's the gpao name because like I call it sda, but it's really gpao 7 So I'm going to start with a zero which is gpao 18 And then I've set up here that the led is 18. I make sure everything is good here and then I click upload And then um Meanwhile, um over in the esp32 is going to take a while to to program um Under boards dot text. That's where you add new board definitions and you see there's like, you know hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of board definitions Um, and you can start, you know, what I did for the feather is I actually started with the um esp32 s3 dev module and I kind of like, you know copied that around Um to make the feather s3 Okay, so this is done uploading So then when you go to the overhead you go to the overhead real fast. Yeah um, so usually I use my scope Okay, and hardware reset and then I check on my scope that the pin is toggling, but you can't see my scope. So I will have a gpao pin so uh a led is blinking so that means I was able to upload code correctly Um, which means now all I have to do is create that that pin definition um So, okay, you're the computer again So like I said, I started by copying the esp32 s3 Uh setup, but um, I'm gonna actually start you know, I'm gonna copy my Feather setup because I did you know the chip on the feather and the chip on the cutie pie is the same the same Like partition and setup So I'm going to take this Beep beep beep beep and this this is how you do hardware development copy Paste great. So then I just have to replace um Feather esp32 s3 With cutie pie esp32 s3. Boom Great. Um, so next up I'm going to um I have to okay, so change the name up here Great. No psram The next thing I need to do is oh, I'm going to disable the tnu of two thing for now Now that's the we have basically upload the boot loader for you But I'm not going to do that at this moment because I have to get the boot loader ready um Okay, so make sure that the variance and the board are the same I do have to set up the vid's and pids And I do that I have a um In production I have a csv Oh my god Hide, okay. I have a csv and at the bottom of the csv I can create um, basically new allocations for Um, all our vid's and pids. Sorry. All our all our pids for the vid we have Um, I actually think that I already did the cutie pie Yeah, it's here. No psram. We already had two questions. Yeah So here I've got um the I keep forgetting that my screen maybe can make me a little smaller Because I'm like kind of the entire screen doing I could shrink you yeah, because it's like I kept up I'm always looking forward and I realize that it's like half my screen is Yeah, can only shrink it out. Yeah, shake me now There you go. That's great like that. Yeah Um, so I've got the should get a sound effect. Boop boop boop boop. Yeah This is actually better also for a great search because that way I'm not great trying to find me Um, I'm tired. Let me say let it be done. Let it be done. It's fourth today. This is the new size of radiator. I am small Um, okay, so I've got the pids the pidi and the vid is set up So under boards, um, I just have to enter in That this is a different number set I like to have a new a pidi, you know for the bootloader for Arduino and circuit python all unique And then The variant I have to set up. That's the actual tough part. There's the defaults some of these Entries I might delete like for example, you're never going to upload via uart zero But for now, I just left the menu menus in even though like You're not like I don't see how you could ever upload without using usb because we don't expose even the uart I think and the ps ram isn't there so like why even have the menu, but I kind of just wanted to keep it You know matchy matchy with the s3 dev board because it's always easy to delete menu sections from the board definition file Um, okay, so the next up I have to create a variant so and esp 32 under variants um I'm going to do the same thing I did before which is copying paste since I have a board that uses the exact same chip Find the closest thing to what you've got copy paste it and then edit it. That's the easiest thing to do so uh esp 32 s3 feather And then I'm going to change this to cutie pie And then inside of here. Um, so as I mentioned, there's The boot loader and the teeny uf2. So that's you do a little trick with expressive where Um, every time you upload arduino because it erases the whole chip. It doesn't use the boot loader It uses like the built-in like wrong esp tool thing Um, we always upload the uf2 boot loader So it's always there if you want to switch back and forth to circuit python or you know, make a backup of your drive So that's what that's what that's all about um And then pins arduino is where like that the the magic happens. This is where you actually do like the definition So again, I need to do the pid Correct and my arduino pid is 8 119 I'm going to change the name All the number I know it's like a number of digital pins. I actually keep that the same and then um There's no led built in so I remove that and then what I do is I go through the pinouts Uh, and I go through the pinouts and I um add that to Here so for example, the neopixel power pin is gpio 38 So here's 38 and the neopixel pin is 39 There's no i squared c power pin. So I delete that um So that's that tx is five Because I remember the gpio rx is 16 sda is seven um scl is six ss is not really used, but I'll leave it 42 um most c is 35 sck is 36 misa is 37 I believe that's with the hardware gpio pins. That's why we use that and then a zero is 18 a1 is 17 a2 is nine a3 is eight And then you know, I like to have it a4, you know all the way around so a4 will be Um, the same as sda is seven a5 is six a six is five and finally, um a7 is rx, which is 16 And then delete the rest. There's no more analog pins um for the touch pins not a lot of touch pins are exposed. We only have Uh t5 t67 8 8 8 9 so I'm going to just delete this t5 t6 Whoops t5 t6 t7 t7 What happened here? Let me edit this weird. Okay t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 and that's it so delete the rest and that's it. That's my variant. So now I'm Now I'm actually done. So it's actually not it's not so bad So next time I so if I quit Our do we know I'll save that change and then I restart Okay, and then uh, are there any uh, yeah, let's let's do the questions. Yeah, why are we for? Yeah, so the first question was without the ps ram is a s3 faster or better than the current s2 feathers It's gonna be faster because there's two cores But it's like better. It's like it doesn't have ps ram if you if you have a project that requires it Then you're you need it. It's like Okay, and then when you were going over the risk five stuff a person I question is uh, that's a patent licensing benefit for makers Um, not really. Um, you know, it's it's kind of unique and interesting Um, it's gonna be a little bit cheaper, but I don't know if for makers you're gonna really notice a 25 cent difference Do you think um, this is my follow-up question on that Do you think because the risk five architecture can be manufactured by others? We might have other companies licensing putting their names on it doing stuff instead of So like arm architectures or yeah, if you're making your own chips It's easier definitely to put a risk five core into something than arm core So I might see more more companies use that instead of maybe uh different choices that they had in the past Yeah, I mean it's no choices more more choices for sure. Okay. So more choices is good So now, um, if I did this right, which usually takes me a couple tries. So if I didn't get this right, that's okay So under here Yeah, so now there's the cutie pie s3 And I can select it And arduino is going to be thinking about that I don't know why arduino runs very slow on my computer, but I also have like a ton of Of stuff installed. Okay So now to have everything kind of pre set up so it pre sets up the internal usb and the flash size Um, and the port so now what I should be able to do is if I select A zero is the led Because I have a board definition that knows what these pins are Um, I should be able to upload it in the same panel will flash But I didn't need to know the low level gpio like number like 18 I can just use the naming that's on the The pcb itself and then we'll go into The great search wait, there's an error compiling. All right. Well, oh shoot. I forgot the variant file Um, well, we're committed. So why don't you do that? Yeah, I'm almost no. I forgot so for my, um For my other boards, there's a power pin Um, and I forgot that I um in the variant file you can have a function called in it variant which is a weekly um connected function and so Um, if you want to have something happen to your board at the beginning that's where you do it. So I have you know pin uh For example, like the neopixel power pin Because people forget to set it high to enable the neopixel power But by default I have it off to reduce power drawing deep sleep um in the um variant file I I turned on but I forgot to remove the i squared c Power pin because there is no i squared c power pin Okay, this is gonna Hopefully go and then you know once this is done I commit and I um I do a pull request and I found that if you do a pull request for um new board definitions expressive will um Merge it into the mainline branch very quickly. Although this is in the s3 branch So, you know, it'll go into the s3 branch very quickly and then um, they don't do releases very fast So you will have to tell people hey you have to install Um from the the master branch Okay So now it's uploading So give it a second Okay, upload upload upload upload upload Okay, and then I hit the reset button To make sure and then I have to get this led Okay, and then if you go to the overhead I've got the led blinking again, but again this time is with um, you know self-defined Board definition with all the pin names set up and their word amount of flash and everything and so The last thing I'm going to do which I didn't do yet is in td uf2 I created You know, I think I even have already the the bootloader definition But I have to go and just verify it's still correct And then have the bootloader file included in the arduino board definition and then I'll submit that pr So when people get this board, they can just drag and drop. They don't have to know what to select in the menu They just select qt pie, you know, no ps ram and um, It's ready to go. They can just use the names on the silk screen Okay, I think it's you want to do the great search. Let's do the great search All right, the great search brought to you by digikey and aid for your lady to use their power zone gearing To find things that you're looking for on digikey.com It is hard to find parts, but with lady to help you could probably find the things that you need lady What is the great search this week? This week, sorry, I was expecting I was expecting you to say something else I was expecting to say something too, but then I figured I was kind of done I was like, you know, I think I've said it all. Okay Um, so this week we got a little bit of a mail bag someone wrote in and they said, um, I want a 16 bit Dack and I think you should have a stem of qt board because we have a 12 bit DAC board And I was like, you're correct. We do we don't have a 16 bit DAC board and There are some times where you want 16 bits of resolution. We have 16 bit ADC, so let's go to the computer and I'll I'll show all this stuff off so, um, we have the A couple of different we have 12 bit DACs the mcp 47 25 is a fine DAC. We also have the quad version not in stock because you can't get this chip anymore Um, the 47 28 actually these are our two DAC boards. Um, but there are people who want to use Um, our ADC boards, uh, we'll notice that we have 12 and 16 bit ADC So, you know, they're more expensive like once you get past 10 or 12 bits. You're you're definitely going to be paying more. Um But if you really need that resolution You know, you want 16 bits. You want 16 bits? So let's find a DAC board. So I'm actually just going to search for DAC, um, and there's a lot of DACs and here's something to watch out for when you're searching For DACs first off, there's a two bit DAC. That's like that's just like a single resistor divider guys Like do you really need a whole chip do that? um So for DACs, um, you know, there's there's 13 000 of them. So let's filter out what we want. So You know, we want 16 bits or better um, and we want to be surface mount because we want to put it in our uh, stem of qt board and we want it to be i squared c ideally so that we don't have to have any sort of um You know converter or translator So let's go to number of bits and let's select Well, there's like a weird 12 slash 16, but we pretty much want 16 and up So let's apply. Okay. So now we've reduced it to and let's also look at only active Chips because I don't I don't care for the unactive stuff So um, oh, and then you know, there's a lot of like look at these beasts these monsters But we don't want these we actually really want surface mount Only because we're gonna put this on the board Okay So now now we're back to to normal. Um So one thing to watch for is um A lot of DACs In DACs, there's actually kind of like two two kinds of DACs. There's more but there's kind of two kind of DACs There is um You know if I sort by price There are um, you know the c s 4 3 3 4, which is actually kind of a famous I2 s DAC So when you're looking for DACs, there's basically like three interfaces for DACs the most part. There's the i squared c Kind of slower DACs, but you know, it's i squared c so it's very easy to integrate Um, there's spi and we've used spi DACs before like our wave Shield to play wave files We could you know, you basically pump in spi spi data and the 16 bits gets converted to n long output And there's um i2 s DACs so technically anything that is i2 s to audio is a DAC Um, but you do have to you know, you can't just send and set data with i2 s You know one thing is that they're quite inexpensive and so there's definitely going to be cases by the way if you if you need if you are constantly Setting an analog voltage You you probably could get away with i2 s if you have the interface and and you can stream that data out But you have to continuously stream data or you're going to get like popping Most DACs do i2 s DACs do not like it when you stop sending data. They're not going to they're not going to hold that last value also, um You know, some of them have limitations on the voltage range Uh, some of them have both limitations on how fast they can update So, um, there's a lot of uh, you know a lot of times when I was looking at these DACs There's a lot of i2 s DACs. I'll tell you another thing sometimes, you know, it's very easy to um People mistype when they're categorizing these and i2 s and i2 c like You know, I make the mistake of i2 s i2 c. I confuse the two Um, so just be aware when you're searching for these like You know, this top one is is labeled i2 c, but it's not it's it's definitely i2 s um, so the first thing is I'm actually going to remove An only look at 16 bit And maybe you know dash DAC because the 24 and 32 bit DACs are all The i2 s DACs um So let me apply that and then The next thing I want to look at is um The interface The number of converters. So I want like one or two And then the interface down here um, because I want this to be for A stem IQ t board. I really do want it to be you know only i squared c I'll also pick up this dash here, but I don't want parallel or spi or or serial Okay, so This is what I came up with and so all of these were actually pretty good options. Um, I'll say that None more in stock pretty much except for this One from ti um, I did search, you know, and this is you know once in a while. It's like You know, it's like I'm trying to pick apart that's in stock What with these like none of them were so Given that none of them are in stock I thought let's pick one that would be a really good option And then I'll just sign up to be notified when it is and then when it's ready I'll I'll you know, I can get samples and then I can maybe design it in um So for pricing once you get to the higher pricing, there's basically the two options that seem pretty good are um, you know, if I want something in stock right now, this is the only one that was in stock right now, but this, um, adi won the ad 56 93 actually looked like a very, um Like a very nice design um, it has iSquared C the voltage analog and digital supply is Uh, up to 5.5 volts, which is really nice Um, it's a voltage buffered output. It's 16 bits. I also know that adi makes really really good analog stuff so, um, I think if I'm going to design a 16 bit deck board with static ut for iSquared C to 16 bit deck out I think that this is the um This is what I'm going to uh go with so I'm going to um I can't order it right now, but what I will do is I'm going to add this to my You know, so you can subscribe to get told when it will be back in stock I think it was going to be A while, I don't know. It doesn't have doesn't have any time even. Um, and then um, when this is available You know, I can design the pcb and get it ready and then when it comes into stock I'll um, I'll be able to design something with this. So uh the ad 5693 so the nice person who mailed um, this is the 16 bit deck that I would pick. That's a great church all right, um Couple questions. Yeah, do you have to define the stem of connector separate from the standard iSquared C and the board definitions? Or is the same for this board? Oh, actually, you know, this one does have a separate one So I forgot to add it so add a separate s3. I forgot the s the c3 had the same But the s3 doesn't but I would have noticed that when I checked all the pins Yeah, someone noticed the s3 cutie pipe appears to have two iSquared C So she'll probably go back and add those to the pins when not on camera. Yeah, it's like by the way I usually do not do board definitions on camera because it's like there's a lot of I usually go to the schematic And I'm like super careful and I check every page. Don't worry. This isn't live. Uh, we'll edit it in post Yeah, I'll wait. It's live. We never edit in post. I mean, it is the beginning This is how I start and then you know, I'll um, I do stuff like I test the neopixel Poor and the sqt port so I catch the mistake eventually. This kind of goes with our theme. Um, you know for years No one no one's allowed to show That the process of engineering Mistakes are made no one ever shows that because you don't want to appear that You make mistakes or you have to do updates. I make mistakes all the time And we have to normalize this because this is one of the problems with from computer security to everything else Um, everyone just doubles down and they're unwilling to change directions when they get new information I totally made a mistake for this design But you know what like but the thing is if if we can all just get past that and what I've noticed is people would Rather hide or even quit than just admit that there was a mistake and they got new information and just Updated things and made it better So I'm thankful that we have a good community and audience that like we're all cool with this It's like this is what it looks like to do engineering you and we do it live Every week we show things and we're like oops made a mistake and I and I'm thankful that We have a place for that. I hope that we can become contagious Uh in that way. Yeah, and more industries and and more companies in our space Consider just showing that sometimes, you know, you got to make updates All right. Well, that's that's what I'm up to So let me finish this qvpi definition and order those pcb So you'll see those s3 chips and boards in this in the shop probably in about two weeks, which will be very exciting Um, so if you pick up some of our boards to help support us because I as you can see it's very hard to get Yeah, please buy something informative fruit.com was in a while. Yeah That way that way But I also try to make stuff that you don't want. I'm not like don't you don't do it at charity Although, you know, it's funny. It's like every I read videos like like and subscribe And like that just helps like youtube really. Uh, yeah, which is fine But uh, you could just buy something from the aidaford store and you know exactly what's gonna happen We're gonna turn it into electronics and pay our team. All right. That's it. So let's let's uh answer any last questions And we gotta go that's it. Thank you so much everybody See you during the week. Bye


Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas on October 9 called on the UN to immediately intervene to prevent the occurrence of a humanitarian catastrophe due to the ongoing Israeli aggression, especially in Gaza. The official news agency Wafa reported video from Gaza showed the city being hit by Israeli strikes with buildings on fire and sounds of large explosions.Gaza's health ministry said at least 687 Palestinians have been killed and 3,726 wounded in Israeli air strikes on the blockaded enclave since Saturday.


Alright, so we're here with Quad Industries and who are you? I'm Christian, so responsible for R&D at Quad Industries Belgium. So what are we looking at here? Does it looks like there's like processors together with flexible? Yeah, actually here it's what we call hybrid electronics, so what we do here is combining traditional silicon-based components with printed electronics. So how do you do that? So you have the printed circuit and then you glue assemble the components on top of these foils. Glue it precisely to the right place? Yeah, so you have pick and place machines like conventional pick and place machines useful soldering components on conventional electronics, you can also do it by gluing. And here you have, you put this in the shoe? Yes, so this is a force sensor based shoe insole. So you have eight pressure sensitive areas and in that way you can analyze the gate analysis of the top sport. Gate analysis of the top sport? Yes. Like the high athlete athletes? Yeah, this is now already used by Olympic athletes to do really analyzing of their training or their runners. Nice, they have a battery in the shoe somewhere connected to it, they need a battery? Yeah, actually the real product looks like this, so this is developed by our customer. We do the production of this and you just clip this at the side of your shoe and you can go and run. And they have information about where on the foot they put pressure? Yeah, so they do the full analysis of the movement of the foot and give the feedback then to the sport. Nice, what are we looking at here? Actually here you see the more traditional business, so we are already active for more than 30 years. 30 years? And user interfaces, membrane switches, so these are the, let's say the oldest product group within our business. So this was like a long time ago, there was products like this? Yeah, so this is actually a membrane switch, so you have a graphic printed foil and behind this you have also a silver printed functional circuit. On top of that you put metal doves and other components and you assemble everything together. Nice, what is that? Actually this is a touch-based user interface, so here you have a capacitive slider which you just can read out based on capacitive principle. And there? This is electro-luminescent, so in this case you print the electro-luminescent inks on a foil to have backlight integration. Alright, so where are you based? We are in Belgium, Headquarter is in Belgium and then volume production is in Slovakia. And so there is volume production, it's already in volume, your staff. What kind of volume? Are we talking about millions of devices in the world? No, no, up to let's say 100,000 pieces, it's in the user interfaces and let's say on the new application within the Printed Electronics we are aiming at a few million pieces.  True, it's still a new business, so to say, so typical production batches now are up to 10,000 pieces and we are really qualifying and ramping up those volumes. So what do you do with 10,000 pieces? Is it for this kind of product? For batteries, so we do printed batteries, we are licensed CEO of Mfusel battery technology and therefore we are now running quite large production batches. So this is a flexible battery? Yeah. And what's inside? Is it safe? It's safe, it's fully printed, flexible and safe. And what's the material? It's zinc and manganese. And how much power is there in one of those? It's printed so it has its limitation, but for example this one it's 1.5 volt and it's 100 milliampere hours. That's amazing. So after you use it, you have to throw it out? Yeah. Can you recycle or something? No, it's considered as disposable. What's the price for 100 milliampere like this flexible, where does it go? If you take this to some volumes it will be around, it's Euro range so it's around 1 euro. 1 euro and it could be for what product? Is it for smart closing? This is a nice product which has been made based on printed batteries so in this case you have a printed circuit combined with printed battery and you also have one component assembled on top of that. Nice. What kind of component? Is it a small microprocessor? Actually this is a fully integrated chip developed by NXP having an integrated temperature logger, integrated memory, integrated NFC communication so it's all in one silicone chip combined with printed electronics where possible. Is it an ARM Cortex M0 Plus or something, a small ARM? Could be. What are these kind of chips there? These are test chips so this is really to evaluate the production technology. So in the future there's going to be lots of hybrid stuff happening with the... For the high performance applications you still need some silicone and combined with printed technology. Alright, so I guess you have a lot of future products you're working on, right? Yes, there are a lot of stuff in the pipeline. Unfortunately we cannot disclose everything but... Some of it. Smart labels, a lot of smart labels so like this temperature sensor but you cannot add other sensing technology. But also labels for advertisement where you add some LED functionality and... Nice, cool.