Learn new online skills, complete list of resources. It's time, isn't it?  You've come to the right place. In this video, I'm gonna show you the skills you need to make money online and not drive to a job. I'll also give you the sites you can go to to get these skills so you'll know exactly what to do. Online education has completely changed the way we learn. The websites I'm gonna give you are powerful websites. They will help you improve your skills and help you start a business of your own if you'd like to do that. And we're starting right now. I'm JR Fisher, been selling online since 2009, okay? And we've sold millions of dollars of both digital and physical products. And on this channel, I share with you the tips, tricks and techniques you need to make money online. I also have an e-commerce course. I would highly recommend to you, it's a $97 course, but you can get it absolutely free. It'll be in the description below. All you do is click and learn, no credit card required. If you're new to my channel and you haven't subscribed, please do so, please join us. And in addition to subscribing with that big button down there, click the bell, it looks like this. It makes that noise when you click that bell and turn on all notifications. I can let you know when I do a new video, you don't have to go searching for it. I can actually notify you. You'll become part of the Fisher family, the VIP group, that gets notified before anybody else, so you'll be in front of the line. Okay, check it out. We need to learn new skills, okay? But it's easy nowadays. There's plenty of places to do it. Let's get into it and do it right now. Now, if you've tried to improve your skills or you've learned some new things or you wanna learn some new things, put your comments below. I wanna hear what you're doing. I'll be happy to reply to you. The sites I'm gonna share with you right now actually cover thousands of different things. I mean, every topic you can imagine, from art history to photography to economics to online marketing, you name it, it'll be in the sites that I'm gonna share with you right now. Now, the first one I wanna share with you is a site called Coursera. You can choose from over 2,700 online courses on Coursera. Some courses are backed by universities and can lead to actual degrees, while others give students the tools to master a specific skill. Next one I wanna talk about is Creative Live. Creative Live. Check it out. Creative Live broadcasts free live classes with the world's top experts in photography, business, design, craft, and also audio. Instructors include New York Times contributor, Victoria Will and entrepreneur, Tim Ferris. You can actually join over 16 million learners in highly actionable online classes backed by Harvard, MIT, and other prestigious institutions from around the world. Some courses here are taken just for the love of learning while others can earn you a degree certificate or a lot of money. Next one up is Khan University. Check it out. This nonprofit offers free online courses that students tackle at their own pace, okay? So you can do it as you feel like doing it. The classes cover most subjects through high school levels and some courses dip into early college content. The next site I wanna tell you about is MIT's OpenCourseWare. Now, Massachusetts Institute of Technology is one of the most prestigious universities in the US, but did you know you can access many of its learning materials absolutely free? You won't get a degree or anything like that, but you can follow along with MIT classes through the OpenCourseWare project. That's pretty cool, right? The next site I wanna tell you about is Udemy. Udemy is all about options. Students choose from over 130,000 online courses which cover a broad range of courses and focuses and makes use of more than 50,000 instructors. So outside of those online courses, there's coaching. Coaching is something you may wanna check out. For those seeking personal and professional coaching, I've got some sites for you too. The first site up, coach.me. Now, coach.me offers a free app for coaching and goal tracking. So you can have it with you at all times. It has paid services that come with more exclusive access to over 8,000 personal coaches, including personalized leadership coaching that caters to your specific workplace problems and goals. So having that coach and having access to it on your mobile phone, that's pretty cool. The next one up is Muse. The Muse. The Muse is an all-in-one professional site that includes job boards, company analysis, and most importantly, lots of online coaching options. Users choose from a huge database of coaches, then they choose the style of coaching they're seeking. Coaches are available for 30-minute intervals, Q&A sessions, and quick resume reviews. But they're also ready to start long-term mentorships if you'd like to do that. The next area you may wanna improve is language skills. Maybe you wanna learn a new language, okay, for travel, work, just fun. Having a second language can oftentimes land you a job that you wouldn't have normally gotten. The first site I wanna talk about is Babble. You can learn a new language with this fun, engaging online learning platform. Users will actually pay by the month for the subscription service, but newcomers can try out a course for absolutely free. So maybe you just wanna do one course and then move on. The next site is DuoLingo. This free service uses point levels and achievements to make learning a new language fun actually kind of addictive. It's easy to get started, you just download the app, create a free account, pick a language, and you're ready to go. I've actually used DuoLingo and I really like it. The next area you may wanna get into is life lessons, okay? Here you'll find insights on life, creativity, happiness, the economy, whatever you're interested in. These courses are really meant more to motivate you and kind of expand your mind and inspire you to actually go do something, which if you've lost your job, that's probably a great time to do that. The first site is called Daily Burn. If you wanna add some fitness skills to your life, the Daily Burn is a perfect place to start. For a monthly membership fee, users have access to thousands of workout videos and personalized regiments. If you want the feeling of a gym in your living room, you can even tune in for live workout sessions, broadcast daily for members every single morning. Next site up, Highbrow, Highbrow specializes in short courses that are emailed daily to your inbox. Subjects can be traditional or outside of the box, including classes like Introduction to Commodities, okay? Or stock purchases, how to edit photos in Lightroom and how to improve your memory. It has all kinds of different courses. Next site up, Insight Timer. Insight Timer is a mobile app geared towards meditation enthusiasts, but you don't have to be a monk or something like that to make use of this tool. Secular courses guide listeners through meditations, thought, exercise, and talks on everyday issues like happiness, grief, insomnia. Some courses are free, but you can pay for any additional courses that pique your interest. All right, let's check out some online training. These sites use e-learning techniques to share specific work, play skills that help professionals advance their career and improve their income. Let's check it out. The first one is Open Sesame. You can choose from a variety of online training courses designed specifically to foster productivity and business. If you don't know where to start, advisors can help curate a course load based on your goals. Next site, Thinkful. Thankful actually ditches the rigid class outlines in favor for a more personal approach. You work one-on-one with a personal mentor to create a specific job goal while also building a network of professionals with shared interests. Some courses guarantee a job and they won't charge you until you get one. Let's check out some practical skills. Courses offered through these sites give you the tools that you need to go off and kind of tinker on your own. They're great starting points for looking for a new hobby, passion project or even considering a career change if you wanna do something else in your life to earn a living. First one is actually Code Academy. Sounds scary, right? You can actually learn to code for free in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Ruby, and much more. All you gotta do is join. The next one is General Assembly. General Assembly has more than a dozen physical campuses but students can also take online classes taught by certified experts. General Assembly's specialties include technology, data, design, and business. The next one up is Linda. Linda was acquired actually by LinkedIn in 2015. Linda features 13,000 courses in digital marketing, graphic design, and IT. Security and all kinds of other things too. So instead of paying for individual courses, users pay a membership and then you pick as many courses as you would like. And let's not forget SitePoint. SitePoint, this is best for web developers looking to expand their skill set. Users pay a monthly fee to access video tutorials, online books, courses, and community discussions. Also, you can check out Skill Crush. Learning coding skills from Skill Crush immerse three-month courses. Each course focuses on the skills needed for a specific career like front-end developer or freelance WordPress developer. Next one, I really like this one here, Skill Share. Skill Share, you'll gain creative business or tech skills from over 23,000 online courses. The site boasts expert instructors like author Roxanne Gay and illustrator Yuko Shamazu. Hope I said that right. The next website, Treehouse. This is another site that emphasizes coding. Coding's a big thing. It's gonna be around for the foreseeable future. So if you wanna get into that, it's a good idea to do it. It offers over 300 courses and supportive online community of thousands of students. Coursework includes multiple projects that help develop real-world skills. Next one is Udacity. Udacity, you can actually earn a nano degree in almost any tech field with Udacity. Courses range from web development to self-driving cars and artificial intelligence. The site also offers a master's degree program in computer science through his partnership with Georgia Tech. Okay guys, so those are some sites you can go to. I mean, let's face it, the way we learn nowadays is entirely different than it was when I was a kid. And if you don't move forward with technology, if you don't move forward with all these advancements, you're gonna get left behind, okay? So now may be a perfect time for you to improve those skills. Maybe you've got a little extra time on your hands now. Maybe you're spending more time at home. Why not learn something, become a more valuable human being instead of going out to the market, going, gee, I wish I could make more money? The best way to make more money is to become more valuable, okay? You get paid based on your skills.  They get paid vastly different and they're both valuable human beings, but their value to society is different. Anybody can do the janitor job. Anybody can clean up, okay? And it could be good and bad janitors. That's not the point I'm arguing. I'm not arguing that person is any worse than the brain surgeon, but the brain surgeon can do something that very few people can do. And if you have skills that very few people can do, the market's gonna drive up your income. So why not just become a more valuable person? The easiest way in the world to earn more money and become more valuable. You can also apply these skills to your own online business. So either way you wanna go with it, I would check out some of these websites, use them. Let me know what you think of them. Put it in the comments section below. What'd you think of this video? What do you think of these websites? Have you tried any of them? Have you tried to learn skills online? Put any problems you had in the comments below. I'll be happy to answer you. I really thank you for watching this video. As a matter of fact, like I mentioned, I'll give you access to a $97 Ecommerce course absolutely free. It's in the description of this particular video right here. It's just click and learn. Don't have to do anything else, no credit card required. If you haven't subscribed yet, please do so. There's a big button down there that says subscribe. Hit that button next to it. There's a bell. Ring that bell. Turn on the bell. That way you'll become part of the Fisher family. You gotta remember to turn on all notifications. And when you do, I can notify you every single time I do a video. I really appreciate you listening and I'll see you in the next video. Hey, thanks for watching my video. Don't forget to subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. With 40 years of being in the hearing care industry, you'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. As the anniversary of last summer's devastating floods approaches, the Big Sandy Area Development District and SVP will be hosting a meeting for long-term flood recovery. Local, regional and federal flood relief services and other resource providers will be in attendance to assist with unmet needs. We know that we have many in our community that still have not fully recovered from the flooding. And so we're trying to gauge where we are because we know that there's going to be additional funding available this fall. And so we're trying to gauge what the needs are and how we can be there to help. The meeting will be held from 4 to 6 p.m. July 26th at the Floyd County Community Center and is open to all community members impacted by the 2022 floods. It's terribly important that we get as much participation as we can. We need to know who is still out there that has a need. I know, you know, I get calls every week, but I know that we're not reaching everyone. We're trying really hard. We have case management in place. And so we're trying to connect our folks with case managers, case workers to help them to connect them to the resources. For more information, call Sarah Hambrick at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Breonna Robinson.


Now that we have a handle on the electrons around the atom, let's take a quick look at the nucleus. For atoms to be neutral, the number of protons with a positive charge must equal the number of electrons with their negative charge. But mass spectrometers showed that atoms have more mass than the number of protons alone could account for. For example, carbon has six protons and six electrons, but its mass is just a tad more than the mass of 12 protons. In the 1920s, it was assumed that electron-proton pairs existed in the nucleus to account for the increase in mass without an increase in charge. But with the advances in quantum mechanics, it became clear that an electron couldn't exist in a volume as small as the nucleus. Lawrence Rutherford and James Chadwick proposed that a new particle, the neutron, must exist in the nucleus to account for the data. In 1932, Chadwick and others performed a series of experiments verifying his suggestion. They began by beaming alpha particles into beryllium. This produced a radiation that was not affected by applied electric fields. In other words, it was electrically neutral. At first this radiation was thought to be gamma rays, but when this new radiation was used to bombard a hydrogen-rich substance like paraffin, a proton radiation was produced. The energy acquired by those protons was measured and found to be more than a gamma ray could possibly impart to a proton. In fact, protons ejected from the paraffin on the right was equal to the energy of the radiation coming out of the beryllium on the left. The conclusion was that the particles hitting the paraffin were of the same mass and energy as the protons, but without any charge. At this point it was generally accepted that indeed the neutron had been discovered.


Aaron just knowing what's at stake in the fact that you had the potential to gain a little bit of ground in the wild car Just what did you think of the way your team responded and got the job done late in the game? Yeah, it was big It wasn't you know, it wasn't great early You know, I thought I thought Clube actually threw the ball pretty well and you know We got soft contacted again a little bit. So we found ourselves in a little bit of a hole there You know Higgy has a really good at bat where it looks like the wind probably knocked something down there But I thought the at bats got really competitive there at the end We did some really good things on both sides of the ball there the second half of the game And then put together some really good winning at bats there to to put it away at the end So, you know a sluggish start to things a Really strong finish to things How much do you credit Joey Gallo there in that eighth inning with two outs just keeping that in and going yeah I mean we finally got you know one of those where we dumped it out You know, I think they were in kind of a no-double situation where they're playing deep and obviously over to pull a little bit with him In the outfield and he's able to kind of hit it no man's land there He realized it right away So he was making sure he was on the run to be on second base and then and then Glaber comes up with a With a great job going the other way and and giving us the lead there But yeah, obviously that was huge Understanding it's every player's job to be ready when they're called upon but with Gary Sanchez coming in throwing out a runner And then adding a lot of insurance with that home run Just how impressed were you with the way he was able to really make a difference late in the game when he came in? Very Very I mean everyone's we It's all hands-on deck. It's ready for any situation credit to him for being ready for for any situation whether it was coming in in a pinch hitting spot or You know, obviously a huge throw to throw the runner out and then and then a huge swing to put the game away, but That was big for for him to come in and really contribute on a big way on both sides of the ball and being ready for it You go to Dave Lennon Hey Aaron that the usage of your catchers has been kind of a hot topic in recent days Obviously, and they couldn't be deployed any better tonight with the Ashoka having a great first half there and then Sanchez coming through I mean just kind of a a sign of the faith that you have and how valuable these guys can be for you no question it's going to take both of them for us to get to where we want to go and And we'll do what we have to do each and every day to try and piece it together And both guys were we're obviously Huge in allowing us to win a ball game and get a sweep going into the off-day where obviously we start a humongous road trip But yeah, I mean it's it's two guys ready to contribute. It's about us trying to win each and every day and and Glad both of those guys contributed in such a big way today. Thank you Bruce Beck, please unmute Aaron, how would you define this victory in this fashion tonight? I thought it was gritty, you know again sluggish to start, you know found ourselves in a hole I thought her and for them through the ball really well You know looking at him up close his his fastball especially early on Really had a lot of life to it and was giving us some problems the first time in a half through But thought we made some good adjustments to Against them Higgy obviously had a big hit a couple good swings where the one they caught at the fence But the other one he's able to stick in the gap to kind of make it a game and get us back in it But I just thought we did a lot of really good things in the second half of the game in every facet You know whether it's waiter coming in off the bench doing some good things defensively Gary contributing on both sides all the relievers Really doing an excellent job. So The second half they grinded away a victory and that was that was good to see


Federated analysis is the ability to access data for analysis but without physically sharing it. Typically in a federated analysis system you have a central node which is connected to several federated nodes that host the data. In federated analysis you perform analysis at a distance. You tell the software to perform analysis on the data and in this way we say that we take the analysis to the data. So normally there are three steps in the setup of such a system. The first step is to make sure that all of the data in each of the different nodes in the federated system are in the same format and follow the same rules. Secondly, data need to be hosted on nodes which are connected together so that information can pass between these nodes in our case between the federated node and the central server. Thirdly, specialized software tools need to be developed and installed on each of the nodes so that each node can perform the analysis in the same way. So when a user logs onto the system they log onto the central node and then they can connect to one or more of the federated nodes and instruct the software to perform particular analysis on these federated nodes and then these federated nodes will send back the results that can be then interpreted by the user. Federated analysis is typically used when there are restrictions on data sharing for legal or ethical reasons for example. Another situation where federated analysis is very useful is if you want to combine the results of several studies in order to increase the statistical power. In order to perform biomarker discovery and rhapsody we have set up a federated analysis system that now contains data from over 10 clinical cohorts and almost 70,000 individuals. Software running on our system cleverly combines aggregate or summary data from these different cohorts and creates an image of a single cohort which can then be analyzed. We use mathematical tricks in order to be able to do this without physically combining any of the data together. Such an approach could represent a new future for clinical data research. The system is scalable meaning that we can add or expand the system with new federated nodes in the future and also add new data to existing nodes thus increasing the statistical power of the system by increasing the number of individuals but also including new data as they become available. We are currently developing new algorithms including machine learning tools in order to exploit and analyze new big data especially those come from multi-omics technologies whilst keeping the data safe at their local institutions. A federated system such as this allows powerful analyses to be performed at a distance without the need to copy data between institutions or countries therefore protecting patients' rights and their privacy. This federated analysis system is currently being used to analyze data from multiple studies to discover biomarkers for risk, prediction and disease progression in time to diabetes.


What are you watching? Yes Explain have you ever sat around and thought to yourself, how can I make my house just a little more demonic? I've literally made two videos like this now where I've watched something from five-minute crafts and it like it does this like Thing to me where it goes into my brain And then it never leaves until I perform the act of catharsis of having it in my home for myself At first it was that hot glue hat and those hot glue flip-flops Then it was that terrible jeans chair and now it is the soft caressing of a soap and While it is suction cup to the wall that I can't get out of my head at first I was like maybe there's actually like a practical use for this like maybe it's Halloween and you made the soap like red And it's like creepy and scary that I realized that that's ridiculous There is no practical use for this just like everything else on this channel.   Is it not probably look it. It's falling right now What if you just stuck them to the bottom of your sink and then they were standing up I don't know. I feel like her video.  Am I right? You can't be in the soap videos. You owe me money This is not my first rodeo, but is this it's soap, right? Like it's gonna clean my hands if I actually make a soap hand out of it. It has aloe vera and stuff. Oh, that's nice Are you excited? Oh Very excited. She's not happy that she isn't going to be on top.  You owe me money I have never filled a rubber glove with soap before and it doesn't really give you any Specific measurements of how to fill your glove with soap. So I guess we'll just start cutting away Does this look like enough soap to fill one glove? So we got soap coloring So we make it blue like in the five-minute crafts a demonic possessed video I think you have to do it as close to the video as you can These are the suction cups that we got because these are how suction cups are sold Tell me even if I leave this hook in that that is enough space for the soap to be gripped.  It's really manipulative I'm a victim Julian if this is cool am I allowed to keep these like can I put them on the shower and wash my feet with them? What if we just like put them in the guest room for when our guests come over and there's just hands sticking out of the bathtub like I feel like that's fun. That's that's a good way to go from having guests to not having guests There's hair in it. Look at your hair. You know what? Why are you assuming it's my hair? I'm gonna microwave this I'm gonna try and see if we can do this because this I feel like was something that was also glazed over I got a very large mason jar to try and suspend the glove. You know what? That's gonna work. Oh Don't Do what? Don't laugh at me. I need support during this cursed demonic video. Oh, it's ripped. Look it. I ripped it I think there's a weird amount of air happening. Look it so far. This is the only five-minute crash That's actually taken anywhere near five minutes. I thought this was food coloring that they're using in their video I was like, well then aren't your hands just gonna be blue? It's not it's self coloring. It's a nice sterile blue color Here we go. Is it time? This is horrible! Look at that. What is happening? I don't know. Keep pouring. No, I can't. Oh, it's like full Yeah, it's like the air in here is trapped and so we can't do it. What do we do? This is a lot. So far, this is a lie. Getting the thumb are also gonna be severely disappointed. See we need to make more soap Stop! Don't laugh at my creation. When the crafts hit. So we're supposed to leave it like that and then put the suction cup on it So you're gonna have to hold that. I need to make more soap because it's not full enough I just want to shake hands with soap. Is that so much to ask? Apparently it is. I need some tape.  It's an invention. The demon filler, 5,000. That's hot I'm not holding that for you. Like what if you just tape it? You know what I mean?  Look at this, baby. Ingenuity I'm scared. Uh-oh. Uh-oh. What's happening? Oh my god. Wait be careful. Be really careful with this. Oh Julie. Oh my god. I feel like this soap was a little too hot and this is what happens. It looks good to me Julian. Should we put the suction cup in? No We have to wait until this abomination dries to try it again because I'm not moving that. That's hot soap Thank you five-minute crafts. It's probably This one should fit. Oh, it just soaked to the bottom First of all, second of all, working with hot soap and pouring it into things is definitely not just like a chill thing Like there's some safety measures. No, babe. It's chill. It's not chill, babe Your invention actually did help. How did it not break through the glove? Well, I guess we're gonna let this cool and then I do want to try again to actually make a hand. Can we do that? It looks like a hand. This looks nothing like a hand and we also dropped a rogue suction cup onto the inside It's supposed to fit. Well, I don't know how long we have to wait. So we'll just stare at it. Oh My god. It wasn't even 30 seconds since we cut.   Should I get another glove ready? Okay, I'm gonna stick this sucker in.  That is a good point Is the food coloring poisonous? Julian. So I've put it in there for 30 seconds. I'm just hoping it doesn't melt the glove again I'm scared of this soap hand. I think the problem is that this is just not meant to happen I don't know. We'll find out. All right as this cools.  This is definitely better than our first attempt But this officially makes it nowhere near a five minute craft. Am I right ladies? Looks dope dude. Ready set soap hand. How are we going to be able to tell when it's dry? I think we just wait and then hopefully we'll get some needed This is the worst thing ever. Are you sure because I don't know. I kind of want to arrest it I'm gonna be so clean. Do you think if you use it enough it wouldn't have fingers anymore? It would just be like a soapy nub All right, so we're gonna wait and let this cool and try not to mess it up hand looks awful though Whatever it'll add to its charm the fingers are nice and far apart so you can really get in there It's like still warm and mushy But I wanted to get it out of the jar before we couldn't get it out of the jar So we just have a creepy hand in our fridge. What do you think? Sounds good Sick So it's only been uh five minutes. I'm kidding. It's been like three or four hours. It got dark. This should be Solid enough to cut it out of this terrifying demon holster Well, so the video had them like cut it with a knife like look at the end. That ain't even right I don't want to cut this beautiful hand. I want to take the glove off I don't want to break the finger though.  This is a cursed object This is so cursed.  That's what I'm saying No, sir Dear god, it's me Jenna just getting bamboozled by five mini crabs yet again They lied. How did they shoot that shot with it sticking out on the side like that? They straight up lied Four hour craft five minute lie. They lied to me. This is a sham. This is a lie But you still have it like facing up with gravity, right? That's what I want Can I go to the sink so I can caress this finally? Look at it Oh, it's so wrong So clearly even if I were to stick that there like there's it would break off no matter what this is heavy That's heavy, right?  Give us a hand stand Okay, oh All right, there we go. You think it looks normal. Yeah I know you've been waiting for it. I'm really excited. I want to see what it feels like I want to caress it just like they did in that video Oh It's awful Oh It's so wrong. It's so wrong It's not the worst thing in the whole world It's kind of awful. I don't know. I kind of love it. It's so weird. Do you like it? It's I've never felt anything like that. It's bizarre. It's bizarre I want it to be like that so that I can shake hands with it But I can't like they totally screwed that thing into the wall and lied to us and posted it Can we go put it in like the the bathroom and see how it looks? Okay, so out of all the cursed objects that I've made how cursed is this?  No So where do you think I should put it like up here? Yeah Okay, like next to the soap. Yeah, I'm not joking.  And we're like, oh it's right there and you're like, okay cool. So you come over here and you just think it looks nice Julian Does it not I think it Definitely unsettles me You know what's bad looks like a cactus It's beautiful art. Okay. When you use a bathroom with a soap hand in it You're like, wow, these people are really out here living or they call the cops I don't know. I feel like it's a piece of modern So far I feel similar to how I feel about the about the jeans chair Do you remember how after I finished the jeans chair?  Is that it's actually kind of comfortable and I was mad. So this is the effect of five minute crafts Is the whole time you're making it.  What is it? You don't like my soap. Is it cursed? Is it cursed? You don't like my soap. Why not? Why not? Look bud, what do you think? It doesn't smell enough like Irish spring and that's interesting very much. Okay. All right I don't know. I think it looks tasteful.  Yeah, but you gotta at least- What's that creepy hand doing in your bathroom and you're like it's soap I've made worse things. Have I not? No Yes I have This is pretty much the worst thing you've ever made It's looking at it so Today is the day that I was born Do you like it or what? I like it. You like it? Why do I like it? Because it's weird and fun. This is so long. I really shouldn't enjoy this, but I really like it. I'm gonna need to wipe it I know it's messy. Enjoy it! Name it. Scorp That's squirp Squirp Squirp. Thank you for joining us. How do you spell squirp? SKQRP. SKQRP. Squirp. And for short, squirp. You don't like squirp my mom. Do you want to smell? What do you think? Do you like it? You don't like it, huh? We can only tell by putting the curse item in front of a pure being to tell if it's truly cursed or not Is this cursed? Is that cursed? Is it cursed? I don't eat that. Thank you Is that cursed? That is cursed. All in all, this is a four hour project That is relatively dangerous because you're pouring hot soap Into a rubber glove.  I don't hate this. I don't I'm so I want to with every fiber of my being hate this. That's the curse of it. That's why it's cursed.  Make sure you subscribe to my channel and put out new videos every Wednesday slash Thursday Why are you so close to squirt? Give a squirt.  Stop it Just chuck the whole thing in the toilet Welcome to your new life squirt Everybody know a priest so they need an extra scissor At least I'm gonna be really clean. I think like I think that's so All right, I'll see you guys next week. Goodbye


Good afternoon or good morning as case I be you're all very very welcome to this latest edition of the development matters series, which is hosted by Irish aid the Irish government's development cooperation program with With the incident international and European affairs were really delighted to be joined today by Rebecca Greenspan Who is the Secretary-General of the UN conference on trade and development? Um, Rebecca has been generous enough to take time out of her extremely Bouted schedule to speak to this II a audience today and we're really delighted and privileged Before I go further. I will hand over to Michael Gaffey director-general of Irish aid to say a few words Thank you very much, David Just checking. Can I be heard? Yes? Yes Great. Thank you very much, David And it really is a big honor and a real pleasure for me as director-general of Irish aid to to welcome Rebecca Greenspan Secretary-General of on tad to this II a development matters series David will I know introduce Rebecca's very very Impressive CV, but I just want to say that she is a renowned Economist and advocate of human development and has had a very distinguished career so far at the United Nations And before that she held a number of ministerial positions in her beautiful home country of Costa Rica and on tad the UN conference on trade and development Supports developing countries to access the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively and was established by the UN General Assembly in 1964 so next year 2024 is the 60th anniversary of on tad and Not bike by coincidence next year is the 50th anniversary of Irish aid of Ireland's effectively of Ireland's development policy And and it's interesting because why did Ireland establish our shade because we joined what was the European Economic Community? Now the European Union it was one of the requisites of being a member that you establish a development program And I often think that we in Ireland in our development trajectory Have benefited hugely from being a member of the European Union from pooling sovereignty and from developing those trading and investment Relationships that brought Ireland in a very small number few decades from being Essentially a developing country to one of the more prosperous developed countries in the world So I think we have a particular role to play In in in helping bridge gaps that may develop from time to time or may exist between the developed and the Developing world and the world at the work of on top on tad It really chimes very well with Ireland's commitment to supporting inclusive and sustainable economic growth We know that developing countries need ongoing support to build trade infrastructure develop policies and simplify the process of trading across Borders and we know the complexity complexities of the relationship between trade and development We know it particularly because of our own experience and And we welcome the strong commitments conveyed by on tad in relation to climate and biodiversity crises I say this as having just returned myself from cop at the weekend Global trade is both part of the problem and part of the solution and we really look forward to hearing from Rebecca on on this Ireland's works with on tad and has supported in particular. It's port management program since 2007 which actually brings benefits is an all Ireland program of helping developed countries ports train Train their people and you know, it brings together ports in Ireland and has helped us in Ireland Develop as well as working with developing countries as well We also are a supporter of on tad's depth management and financial analysis system program Which is one of the leading providers of technical cooperation and advisory services in the area of debt management an area debt On which I know Rebecca will speak today So just to conclude it is it is unfortunately the case that we live in a world of overlapping crises political security economic development humanitarian and all in the overall Existence a framework of the existential threat of of climate change So on tad which has been for years a really strong actor in terms of thinking and reporting on development I think has an increasingly important role to play It may have been in recent years that the european union and more developed countries have not played the same role with on tad that they might have But I think the importance of on tad is becoming really clear in this in this era of multiple crises and none none And perhaps that became incredibly clear when the un secretary general astro brekka green span and on tad To play take a leading role on the black sea grain Deal in the in the in the conflict with ukraine a very important role for on tad there So I would just say that at this time When trust and confidence is needed more than ever between the so-called developed and the so-called developing world I would say that the role of on tad cannot be overemphasized there is a really important role for on tad to play I think as secretary general rebecca greenspan has already been working really hard to build trust and confidence in the work of the organization And I really look forward to hearing from her now on the role that on tad can play globally in this difficult time And how ireland can work more effectively with you and with on tad you're very very welcome rebecca And we really look forward to hearing from you and I'll hand back to david now She'd speak to us for about 20 25 minutes And then we will go over to q&a People can join the discussion using the q&a function on zoom Please feel free to send in your questions at any point that they occur to you or your Commons and observations and we will come to them when the secretary general has finished our presentation A reminder that both today's presentation and the q&a are on the record Please feel free to join the discussion on X or formerly twitter using the handle at iiea We're also live streaming this morning's discussion. So a very warm welcome to all of you joining us by youtube Rebecca greenspan was appointed secretary general of untat in 2021 She is a very distinguished economist from her Native country Costa Rica and also a political leader having served as vice president From 1994 to 98 She's the first woman and be the first central american to hold the post of secretary general of untat She's a former under secretary general um at the UNDP and She also holds a number of people's michael touch on one a moment ago relating to the the black sea deal and she's also a member of the g20 high level independent panel on financing global commons for pandemic preparedness and response With that rebecca once again, you're you're warmly welcome And i'd now like to invite you to take the floor Thank you. Thank you so much. David. Thank you to the friends of iiea and to the irish 8 Thank you also michael for your extremely good introduction and for the generosity of you you both And well, thank you everybody that is listening and with us during this Dinner in this time Let me the title of my talk today was about what i called polyglobalization Dead trade and geopolitics, but i want to say Before starting that i really want this to be a conversation not not A one-way communication So i will try to be You know short relatively And I will expect to address a lot of the things also that michael put on the table In the questions and in the interaction with the public if that is okay so a We we we are no doubt in a New era of globalization. Yes, and there are Objective reasons for this there are subjective reasons for this And there are a lot of names that have been given already to this new period a You know Let me let me go through several of the names that this periods period has been given Go through the reasons for that because that gives us a very smooth entrance to the topic And then I will Try to explain why I call it polyglobalization. Yes, so daniel rodrick for example from harvard university is calling this era The era of productivism Yes, in reference to the return of industrial policy In the global economy and especially in the west a Arvind subrana Subramanian and martin kesler from the peterson Institute of economics that they just A release a very good paper last month Are calling this new era Big globalization in goods and slow balistation in services And in in each of these I will refer to them There is part of the phenomena that we are You know a a scene The economies magazine is calling this new era the era of homeland economics In reference to the growth of protectionism and the inward turn in trade And the wto and then many others have called this new era the era of Reglobalization Yes in reference to the need to return to trade as an engine for growth and development So I think of all these terms like Aspects of this new era It is true for example that as the peterson institute says There are part of trade That are deglobalizing As the paper well documents from 1992 to 2008 Global exports grew At close to 10 percent a year in nominal terms while gtp Grew at around a six percent per year And here was one of the Elements the important elements of what was called hyper globalization. Yes this period of hyperization where trade Was growing much faster than gdp and in a way was the engine of growth during all That period But since the global financial crisis trade has grown At a much slower rate than gdp growth this year for example And that is estimating that a Global gdp will grow at a rate of three percent and trade will grow Only one percent To put the example of today, but since the global financial crisis we have seen That slowing down of trade in the general economy I would say that the period of Of the COVID-19 and the pandemic and the rebound after the pandemic is Is just a period that Doesn't show the trend So the trend we have seen the structural trend has been more You know over slowing down so There are nuances in this deglobalization quote-unquote trade Because you know trade has not declined What has declined or slowed down is the rate of growth Yes Trade is still growing, but it is growing slow slower as I said before than gdp And that is what the data says. Yes Importantly is that it's true that there is this dematerialization of trade Goods are growing much slower Than services In fact digital services have been growing very well During the last period. So that's why Individuals of a document they talk also about this dematerialization of goods, you know And you know the the services part of this of this equation That's it Finance which is integral to trade and development has indeed deglobalized Without question Since the global financial crisis Foreign direct investment never recovered after the global financial crisis And foreign direct investment towards the global south It has really You know slow slow down So in a way the picture here is mixed, you know, and whatever this picture says Slow balisation Might might be a more up term than the globalization Yes, but this finance part Let me just emphasize here because in a way if we think aloud What are two Fundamental elements for the grow For the possibility to grow of the global south is trade and investment Yes, and both has not recovered since the global financial crisis Yeah, let me give you a one one indicator that I remember, you know a Africa receives only two percent of the investment that go Towards renewable energy only two percent Of total direct investment going to renewable energy that is one of the things that have been growing In terms of investment is in the west and in the north. Yes So the global south is not receiving The investment that they need in foreign direct investment and trade is slowing down So the two pillars Of the possibility of the developing world to catch up are very weak right now And so in global growth In average, you know have been slowing down too Because it's not only that trade is growing less Than gdp is that gdp is really Growing very slowly Yes, there is also a growth element a in the global economy When it comes to rodrick the return of industrial policies indeed A fact, you know, I still remember when I was in government when I was In the minister of finance in the 80s or when I was vice president in the 90s You know, we were really fighting with all the ify's and the international community Because we wanted to have a development strategy and a sectoral strategy And they said the best industrial strategy is the one that doesn't exist. That was The motto Of those years. Yes. And now industrial Industrial policy is back It is back with the vengeance as I said In a way And a Most but most of this new industrial policy is focused on renewable energies and critical minerals And you know, you have here the u.s. Has the inflation reduction act The u.s. Has the next generation funds Saudi Arabia has division 2030 Japan China Korea Are redoubling their investments Africa is hoping that the african continental free trade area Will add value to their critical Minerals and In south america is also thinking about doing the same that indonesia did with the nickel to do the same with the lithium Yes, so there are all these Things going on the problem is that all of this is being done under the gray song of a wto without an appellate body Yes So this means that there is a lack of ambiguity in the system And importantly this is happening In a context where the fiscal space of most developing countries is Not only zero in some of them negative Yes, because of the debt So what michael was saying about the cascading crisis, you know, we had we have climate change We had the pandemic we have the war in ukraine and now the war in gaza. Yeah, so all this cascading crisis a The have left the developing countries bare bone A with the exception of the emerging economy. So if you look at the Global panorama, you know, it's true that there there is a divergent path between the north and the south But within the north we see The u.s. Doing very well in europe Basically entering entering may be in recession And in the south you see the emerging economies doing well But the rest of the developing countries doing very badly So you have divergence in the two blocks, but you have divergence within the blocks also But the truth is that the the developing countries don't have the With the exception of some of the emerging They don't have the fiscal space to do an industrial policy based on subsidies and that has Even a make this problem even worse If the number I won't enter into the whole discussion of that But the number that we are giving Is that right now There are 3.3 billion people That live in countries that spend more in servicing the debt Than on health or education So almost half the planet Living countries that are spending more in service in the debt than in health and education So how how are we going to get to these sustainable development goals With that, you know, and why is it that we are not calling this a debt crisis Is because the markets are not suffering Most of the countries that are entering into a debt problem with the exception of argentina that is a case in itself And has been through history Yes But why the markets are not suffering is because the countries that are in debt trouble Are medium and small countries The emerging markets have been protected. They have different arrangements. Yes, they have swaps Or a contingency financial Flows that they can Tackle from But the other countries don't have it And so there as I say as I say markets are not suffering but people are Yes, and 3.3 billion people is not a marginal number Now returning to the to the many names We have the economies that as I said was emphasizing the issue of protectionism And it is true that there is a lot That the of what is going on In the context of geopolitics that is also a lot of protectionism A a rising again a lot referring to semiconductors and and also Interesting a part of this protectionism has focused on on renewables Yes It is well known that the inflation reduction act caused tensions with euro because of the local local a content restrictions in the in the ira. Yes electric cars Wind turbines and solar panels, especially those coming from china because of geopolitical A tensions are also under targeted sanctions as the economies reports and I quote America has in effect locked out Chinese solar manufacturers With hefty anti-dumping duties as a result solar modules are more than twice as expensive In the country in the u.s. As elsewhere Europe is sending mixed signals. Yes, the u has dropped earlier anti-dumping duties on chinese panels But on november it passed the net zero industry act Which will introduce minimum domestic content levels for public renewable energy contracts So this is the panorama And lastly we have the wto and the question of rig rig globalization What this emphasizes is the fact that under the previous era Of globalization rising trade when hand in hand with higher growth and accelerating development prospects During the previous era of globalization. We met the millennium development goals for poverty alleviation Five years ahead of schedule. Let's remember that because we all forgot already. Yes about the millennium development goals Today we are in the midpoint of the 2030 agenda And only 15 percent only 15 percent of all sustainable development goals are on track to be achieved in 2030 only 15 percent Well, uh, this is a very big problem as dgs as I say always are too big to fail They are More than a set of targets. They are our last Common agenda in a world that is more polarized polarized than ever in a world in desperate need of solidarity and multilateralism so We we we need to take this seriously. We know that millions of people are suffering out there We must have the wisdom to take this as a warning Because We are seeing the world today as it will look like in 2030 if the sdg fails So if we want a better world, yes, and not the Cascading crisis world that we are seeing today. We will need to Recover the dynamism and for the sustainable development agenda. Well, so Let me a go then now of why I call this new era polyglobalization In my view, the issue is that all the other terms That I have highlighted that have an important element to reflect on Are two western focus If you look at globalization from the south, there is not the globalization to speak of Those who were involved in the last two g20 presidencies For example in indonesia and that and in india can see very clearly the growing role Of the emerging economies and their views and desires for globalization This country is one more not less globalization This country is one You know a better a different kind of globalization One that is more adapted to the realities of 2023 and not of the realities of 1945 This has implications for the whole system For trade, yes, but also for finance and development finance For currencies for present security and for multilateralism itself These are two features that stand Out here one is regionally Regionalization And that's why we are calling this polyglobalization because we see Drive towards a regional Regionalization and let me give you an example Of what we have seen in regional trade agreements after the 2018-2019 financial crisis and so We have seen in the last Two decades regional trade agreements growth In a parabolic way From around 75 regional trade agreements in the year 2000 To now 325 Most of these growth has taken place in the last Five years So there is something here happening That some have talked about nearshoring and reshoring But this is more than only nearshoring or reshoring. This is also more regionalization And it's a regionalization Not to stop participating in global trade But to participate better in global trade You see it's not a regionalization To get away from global trade and from the global economy It's a regionalization to try to insert Ourselves in the global economy in a better in a better way And apart from regionalization the other feature that I see is a The the a What what can be called competitive multilateralism? Yes, that is that There is the centralized multilateralism happening You have the g7 the g20 the bricks just to Mention some And so It seems that what what we have is A multilateralism with competing poles In development finance through regional development banks Big overseas cooperation initiatives. We have the europe's global gateway america's built back better china's Belt and road initiative Yes Now This is still not a fragmented A fragmented system, but it's a competing system And I think that this is the other characteristic of this polyglobalization That we are seeing But as I said, so is we have this regionalism on the one hand and this competitive multilateralism On on the other one one data one indicator that I didn't Give you before about south-south trade because I said there is not the globalization in the south-south trade South-south trade has been growing at a nine point three percent on average for the last 20 years At a nine point three percent per average in the last 20 20 years so Let me See finish, you know start finishing with this idea there is a reconfiguration of The era of hyper globalization And there is a reconfiguration of the global value chains There there there is regionalization. There is industrial policy There is the drive for sustainability in trade and all of this is shaping this new Era where geopolitics is and and digitalization are also very important and strong forces in that reconfiguration So To to finalize I want to take one of the points that Michael referred to that is The trust deficit between the global north and the global south And how that unfolds in this era of polyglobalization Will in many ways set the trend for the decades to come Polyglobalization doesn't have to be bad put You know, polyglobalization could call for reimagining globalization One that transcends traditional West and north centric models and incorporates This diversification that we are seeing in the global economy And the different perspectives and needs particularly coming from the developing world A polyglobalization could be not a concept, but it could be A an action for a more cooperative more inclusive and more sustainable global future And we are we always Say this, you know healthy competition and deep and deep and deeper cooperation Competition doesn't necessarily have to be seen As a problem for the system Yes, it could help the global economy If we at the same time Can deepen our cooperation and coordination So we could we could go beyond conventional paradigms and work more collaboratively Corruptively towards a global economy that could benefit all now The jury is out there You know, the world can go instead Instead of healthy competition and deeper cooperation. It can go for fragmentation I really believe that decision Has not been taken By the big powers yet But if we don't You know a A journey our institutions to the new reality At the end That will end happening So thank you I don't hear you Sorry, thank you very much Becca those were extremely interesting and I thought provoking Insights, I mean there's a lot that we will relate to there I think that the emphasis you put on the kind of a new version of the new understanding of Globalization and the the idea of healthy competition between regions between different players That makes You know, it is it's a very positive perspective and I think it's very timely It reminded me a lot of how in Why the implementation of the Sustainable Development goes there's actually a greater emphasis now on regional energies regional Activity it's not purely a global agenda It's one where in many ways the momentum has to come from In individual countries, but also individual regions and what you Division you set out there for globalization in many ways parallels that Number of questions have have come in Rebecca. So let me begin with the issue of death relief I mean when I was I think you you were at the stg's summers in september And high level week and as you indicated there was a big Theme there about the need to make it easier for ldc's to to get Fair allocations from the international financial institutions and for in particular their debt burden to be eased One question here asks really what what ontar can do to promote fairer treatment of ldc's By the the ifis by the international financial institutions Particularly given that there has been heavy emphasis up to now on middle income countries So what what new direction can be taken by the world bank and imf and so on in order to Address the huge huge burden That developing countries have in terms of debt servicing and your particular And then statistic it is very very Striking there the one of the 3.3 billion people. I mean that that says it all and it's quite a Memorable figure anyway over to you with this question about Death relief and the role of ifis in lowering it Yeah, first of all, let's let's put the objective of what has to happen in these countries Let's remember That the number of countries that are commodity dependent has gone up not down So there you have already a problem. Yes If these countries don't diversify their productive structure They will continue to be ldc's They cannot add value. They will have this volatility in their economy. They are price Takers. Yes, they won't have enough jobs for the new For the youth and for the new generations They cannot make the transition to a sustainable future And now they have an opportunity because most of the critical minerals that we need for the energy transition are in the ldc countries And the numbers are striking. They have Africa has 80% of the reserves of manganese or or half of the reserves of lithium or You know, 60% of the reserve of platinum minerals or etc So what we are saying this is the moment in which they have to add value To the extractive and that means supporting them in the negotiations Looking at many of the investment agreements that they have signed in the past that doesn't allow them to do this And we have to look back to the trades to the Trade rules that doesn't allow these countries You know to add value as part of The policy instruments For example, Indonesia Indonesia just decided to Forbid The exports of nikam in as as raw material They were taken to wto and in the first instance of wto they lost Because trims The treaty doesn't allow to do that. You see my point with not with the with the rules And okay, they lost but they appealed and because there is no appellate body So nothing can happen But you know that that is the only way in which Indonesia can do some industrial policy Let's put it that way or diversification policy to add value What the west countries do they give subsidies But Indonesia cannot go that way and they give subsidies to supposedly green goods So they say we should be able to do this because this will help the green transition And so that will create another asymmetry with With the developing countries, but we can help these countries diversify We can help them in the negotiations You know in terms of their critical minerals we can push for more transparency For because of the elicit financial flows that always are related to this And the african free trade area can have a very Good impact on the possibility of the global value chains within the continent And so we are helping also african continent to You know to support we are supporting the free trade area in africa to The rules of origin are very important to add value and to you know These are very concrete things that we can do in practice Yes The other thing is that we need to help these countries with the digitalization agenda. Yes, the digital The new name of the game and they will have to Really leapfrog You know In the digital agenda. So we help them and support them in the digitalization and They are very concrete Programs that we have with many of these countries that have been very good. Let me give you an example with angola That is an lgc We made a program that was a very comprehensive program We were in angola for four years and there was somebody from angkata in angola every week for four years You know doing sectoral programming doing digitalization doing Norms and competition laws Etc. Etc. It has been a very well evaluated program one of the things we did is digitalization of customs You know how much their income in customs went up 44 percent Give me a policy that you Know for 44 percent of resource, you know of internal resource mobilization in the country So we can do that at the national level Now at the international level that was part of the question. Yes We are pushing the multilateral development banks Because they can scale up their loans They have become Too small for the challenge Too small for the challenge The world bank is today one fifth Of what they were with respect to the global economy in 1960 one fifth So the g20 had this Commission that made a series of recommendations For the multilateral development banks to improve Their balance sheets they can do much more with what they have And they need a new capitalization. They knew more capital And we are You know trying to push for an agenda that will allow the the the the development banks the network of development banks To scale up to 500 billion per year In terms of loans for the developing well If they do that they will have also They will have to change their models To to to be able to crowd in Private capital we know that they What they do can be much more, but it's not enough Yes, we need to bring Private investment But private investment won't come and you know easily unless They have the risking factors and the risking factors can come from the multilateral development banks That combination can be very important and the last point I will make Is a debt restructuring for this campus And the system that we have now is ineffective and very slow We have done three restructurants in three years And we have 52 countries in that position So, you know just Let's do the arithmetics Yes If you you know, there are countries that have been three years negotiating three years negotiating and they still have not received One additional dollar In their economies And I will make a political point here. I was I was in Costa Rica when we were negotiating Started in the 80s We finalized At the end of the 80s. That was The lost decade of latino america Yes, because that's what it took until we recover and stabilize the flows You know, if that will happen again, it's a disaster It's a disaster and you know what most of the countries that made All the adjustments to be able to pay the debt those political parties lost the election So you are you have these people that you know in in Africa, you know that I have seen Doing the right thing taking the right policies trying to be a good citizen in the world But they just receive punishment, you know Because it takes so long That when elections come the population Really, you know Don't support them because all they saw Is the stick and they never see the carrot and I think that we have to To have a more sensible system Thanks, Rebecca a couple of other questions here one relates to Your view of what kind of reforms are needed in the international financial institutions To give the global south greater representation Than it has at the moment. So this is a structural question and a second question relates to the stg's stimulus Initiative taken by the secretary general You would have been involved closely with him and and with with with that effort How do you assess the success of that a couple of months after the the stg's summit? Very very good. Well, uh first on governance Obviously, you know one of the problems that we have had In raising the quotas of the imf that is finally I I I understand it will happen Yes And in the capitalization of the banks is because that will be done You will have to make a realignment with the new realities and it will give china A much greater role in the imf and the world bank still the west will maintain You know most The the the lead in the voting in the voting But China will raise a lot because you know the the participation the quota of china is A really very small with respect to the participation of china in the global economy So that that has been a geopolitical point that has You know, we have been a challenge and obstacle to do the The real realignment and the capitalization of the world bank and in the imf The imf has postponed the discussion on on realignment to 2025 And and here between us is probably because it will be after the elections in the u.s. Yes Nothing will happen before that and In the world bank, they are going through some models for Of guarantees for the private sector To not have to go to capitalization but to give More capacity To the world bank to really bring in a private investment Those are second bests Yes But at least there are steps in the right direction And so in that sense, I think that we have been able to push the agenda Yes, the the g20 has been also an important fora For that and we have been I think an important voice Some of that now Also in terms of governance is not only china Many of the countries that became that are today in the world were not independent when we When we structured the system Yes, so the representation is very small in the breton woods institutions And and in the security council. They are obviously not not represented. Yes so a There has to be a more inclusive governance structure that Has to be discussed for the future for these countries to be better represented Anyway, they are For example, Ida has a different configuration even within the world bank So that is welcome. So some of that can be a bridging You know in some of the funds a bridging way For a full governance restructuring Now this is a very important element of the summit of the future that the secretary general is Putting forward and the international financial architecture reform That will be discussed In next year in in july Yes, so we are preparing for that discussion and governance will be an important element of this A with respect to the sdg stimulus The important thing that happened in september With the sdg summit Is that the sdg stimulus is in the declaration And that is a recognition that the un has a role to play And I think that that was the most important thing One of the most important things that happened in the in the sdg summit The acknowledgement that this is not An external issue to the un that the voice of the un and more diversity of voices should be Listen to When it comes to financial The financial aspects of the sdgs and I think that the sdg stimulus is very concrete It has very concrete measures and we will continue to push for it the Increasing the quota The quotas of the imf. I think that is part of it You know, it was one of the things that we said from from the beginning. We're still Fighting to take Away the sur charges in interest rates for the for the countries that are over quota in and for More more space for liquidity support To the country. So liquidity problems don't become debt problems. Yes The the difficult part is still the debt for structure You know the agreement to go towards a more effective And Stable system is not there and probably that will be a big part of the discussion going forward Thank you very much. That's a question here about the the cop 28 summit How do you react to the progress made so far, but are you expecting a breakthrough? Over the next couple of days on the issue of fossil fuels That's A very difficult I I made that You know, I I gave an interview in CNN arabia And I was asked this question that why are fossil fuels and I said, you know, you have to face out you know the new investments and the The financing of new investments in fossil fuels because if not And it won't happen, you know, and And That was a discussion with somebody that was in the panel precisely About that it continues to be a very contagious element. Yes But let me say I think that the loss and damage agreement Gave hope to the cope to the cop and the the Even if it's not all what is needed, but it was an important pledge, you know towards loss and damage And the the agreement the interim agreement that it will be hosted in the world bank is I think that a good decision Maybe the one the decision that is still pending is the governance Yes, how the governance of the fund will be carried out Hello Yes, yeah Yes, oh My my screen went okay. Sorry so that's that um That the niche still there are elements that still need to be To be worked out, but it was a good a good thing a I I haven't followed in the last three days the negotiation so But the secretary general is already there. He was very strong on the fossil fuel issue I don't think that It will go into the declaration. It didn't seem so some some days ago a with the strength that the was a wanted But there will be a white coalition. I think What now is being called luri national? Yes, that I think that will go ahead with that A from the numbers I have David. Maybe it's important to say this A part of the problem is that the financing is coming from the north still The financing for the new fossil fuel investments So even if it doesn't go into the cop 28 declaration The thing is how to stop the flow of financing resources for the new investments in fossil fuels And maybe that is a conversation that we need to have Indeed yeah um Rebecca and I think we've time for two more questions though. In fact, there are plenty more one one could ask One one relates to How you see the black sea deal on grain exports? What are the chances of getting back to getting that restored in the way it should be happening? I know that you you played a key role there And then a final question if you if we have time would be simply to look at the multiplicity of conflicts that we have at present. I mean clearly Gaza most of all, but Ukraine Ethiopia, Indonesia the question asked is What kind of impact will this global instability have on trade flows on the kind of uh, you know, the trade and development Nexus that you're trying to promote in untat. I mean How worried do we need to be about the the the rising number of conflicts which inevitably undermine the cooperation you need for trade with respect to bsgi to the black sea grain initiative. Yes Well, I it's important to to maybe Repeat what happened during the year that it was on First of all, it was a miracle that we we could make this deal in the middle of the war Yes, and and really the initiative of the secretary general You know and and the idea of these two agreements, you know the memorandum of understanding between russia and the un To facilitate exports of food and fertilizer from the russian federation And the corridor in the black sea For ukraine to be able to export and it really stabilized markets, you know Prices went down 23 percent during that period 23 percent and if if the world bank is right for every one percent in the global food index of f a o And each one percent increase means 10 million people going in below the poverty line Okay, so 23 percent of decrease in prices is a big thing for 200 million people in the world. Yes that so so and also the volatility of markets, you know stopped and My you know countries and markets had the possibility to adapt to the new situation. So When russia withdrew in july Prices didn't spike Again, there were fluctuations But the trend of prices was going down because on the one hand russia has a very good harvest And they are 20 percent of the market of wheat. Yeah, so They are very important And they have a wonderful harvest. So the markets have factored that in Secondly, ukraine is exporting through the corridor via bulgaria and romanian International waters. Yes. And so ukraine has been able to restart Exports and stabilize a little bit that corridor also and There have been very good harvest in europe so markets are In the aggregate Okay, we are still worried about distribution and effects Because the transaction costs Continue to be very high for some small and medium-sized countries Insurance shipping distances have also got longer despite all this. Yes, and so As I say again, as I said in the debt issue, you know, the aggregate markets are okay, you know, but the Clients are not the same And so big countries are taking a huge advantage of this situation, but the small and medium-sized countries have more difficulty and difficulty in food and difficulty in fertilizers So part in in some parts we are already seeing the consequences of The lack of access to fertilizers at the beginning of last year, especially in west africa And also the other thing that happened is that even if international prices went down A domestic prices went up because of the valuation of currencies we had A lot of devaluation of currencies because of the hike In interest rates of the central banks in the u.s. And in europe and uk So the devaluation of currencies made internal prices You know go up And that has caused Huge problems in many countries including some of the ones that have been mentioned Ethiopia, for example, Egypt, you know in Ethiopia prices went at one point prices of food went at 180 So this is a Desistabilizing factor that we still have to put attention to now Where are we? Where are we in the negotiations? That's a difficult question to ask to to answer but i will say what i can say Okay First of all we continue in contact and in consultations with the with the russian federation and with ukraine But it is clear that we are not going back to the former deal But because that is already Have has been overcome in terms of the functionality that it had Is what we are trying is to secure trade in the black sea Because what we don't want is the disruption of trade in the black sea Because that will again if the aggression in the black sea It will will escalate an escalation in the black sea is very dangerous. It's a huge risk And so what we are trying is to get the formula that will guarantee Safe trade in the black sea And if we can do that that will be a huge contribution for stability in the future It will yeah Yeah, actually the the the russian federation is coming for consultations now In the 14th of this week Yeah And with respect to um What we can do in the multiplicity of what was the last question It was I mean we're perhaps a little bit over time now vega, but that was it was really a question just Given all the global instability Because of the various conflicts What sort of impact will that have on trade levels trade? stability Yeah, well, well, you know that today there is Uh news from bloomberg that says and I read global trade to drop five percent This year amid your political headwinds And so obviously also the the the war in gaza is say is not helping as I I said before and Ukraine russia Continues There is there are geopolitical tensions in other parts of you said What we are trying to do and maybe let me answer in this sense You know, we put together for the ukrainian russia negotiations and Especially the impact we put together the global crisis response group And we conform in antar a group to look Beyond the very immediate impact in the countries of prices or of conflict to look at the global economy And more on the socioeconomic impact That's what we did very Effectively, you know in the global crisis response group and we changed the narrative We said look you are not looking at what is happening in the rest of the world that is also suffering because of the war Not only the surroundings. Yes, but there was a global economy that was suffering and I think that we did that very effectively and we are planning to continue supporting you know, the The secret the secretariat and the secretary general in trying to You know be a bow, you know ahead the curve In terms of very immediately try to see where the hot spots The problems from the different crises Are coming in In a crisis mode not in a only a Research mode And I I hope that we can continue providing that to the world into the u.m I think that it was very important, you know with the We have proven the concept and now we need to work on it to meet, you know, brother than only the ukraine Exactly. Exactly. Rebecca. Thank you very very much for giving so generously of your time and giving us your Analysis and some some really Challenging thoughts, especially around what globalization should should mean. It was really fantastic having with us I know I speak on behalf of the institute and also of the the whole audience In thanking warning for making this time available I'm sure I speak on Michael's behalf as well. It was great great to see you We look forward to seeing you at some point in Ireland We will follow up on that in the meantime best of luck with everything you're doing in all those in all those areas And thank you once again for for being with us now Thank you very much


Belarus wants to make an agreement with Iran on Shahad drone production. The Institute for the Study of War ISW has said that Iran and Belarus are deepening bilateral cooperation as they both support Russia's war in Ukraine, with Belarus seeking to secure an agreement on Iranian-made Shahad-drones production on its territory. The ISW noted that Belarusian Defence Minister Lieutenant-General Viktor Krenin arrived in Iran on 31 July and met with his counterpart Iranian Defence Minister Brigadier-General Mohamed Reza Ashdiani to sign a memorandum of understanding and a bilateral military cooperation plan for 2023. The ISW noted that Ashdiani as Iran's Defence Minister is responsible for negotiating the purchase and sale of military equipment. Krenin and Ashdiani likely discussed arms deals during their meeting. Belarus may have also been seeking to secure an agreement on Iranian production of Shahad drones on the territory of Belarus. Earlier, Ukraine's National Resistance Centre has said Russia is considering manufacturing Shahad drones in Belarus. A working group of Iranian engineers, convened by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and the State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus has visited the Gommel radio plant. The possibility of setting up production of kamikaze drones was discussed during the group's visit. National Resistance Centre said. Belarusian Resistance earlier reported that the Gommel plant was being used to retrofit drones. Ukraine's National Resistance Centre stressed that this development indicates Russia's growing control over the Belarusian defence industry. Organising full-scale production of Iranian-designed UAVs in Belarus will help Russia address the logistical challenges it faces when transporting drones from Iran.


All right, my name is Ed and I'm here today to talk about Cucumber, which is an automation tool, and I'll introduce myself a bit and then I want to get to know you guys. So my name is Ed Wyanco and back in the 1900s, I graduated from University of Pittsburgh and launched into a development career at that point. And now I've wound up as a quality engineer and I work at the Technology Development Center under Steve, but I'm not an understudy to Steve, but physically under Steve. So that's the hard data about me. Fun fact, more than a thousand times I've jumped out of a perfectly good airplane and one time out of one that wasn't so perfectly good, but that's a story for another time. All right, so let's get to know you guys. How many here tonight consider yourselves developers? A few? Yeah, okay, well, that's more than a few. All right, and how many consider yourselves QA? Yeah, great, great. And out of the QA, who's doing automation right now? Okay, maybe, yeah, a little less than half of the people. And who wants to do and is not yet doing automation? Or is thinking about it? Okay, yeah, good. All right, so you guys will be particularly interested, but hopefully everyone else will be interested as well to learn about Cucumber. Has anyone here heard about Cucumber before? Oh, yeah, all right, great. So good, good, good. All right, so just to set the stage, there's a lot of automation tools out there. And if you're not involved with them, they can probably all look the same. So just real briefly, why, why do we have so many automation tools? Well, and why would we want to do automation? It's a heavy lift. Why would we want to do it? Just you may already be aware of this, but it's going to free you up to do more exploratory testing rather than the same old stuff yet again, just to make sure your app works. It's your security blanket, you know, to make sure things are still working right. It's going to do things faster than a human can. It's going to repeat them with more precision than a human can. And it's going to give you more coverage of the different scenarios. So those are the reasons for automation. All right, let's go just a quick history. We're going to use our way back machine to do a little quick history on Cucumber. 2008, ASLAC HellSoy started the project. That was after the 1900s. And it was based on Dan North's RSpec story runner. I don't know if anyone's heard of that. And that was based on RBehave, which was a Ruby port of JBehave. Anyone familiar with any of those terms? Yeah, three, four of you. All right, don't worry about it. You know, that doesn't matter. You'll get a lot out of this without that. If you want to look that stuff up later, but don't worry, you'll, you'll be fine. So five key things. If you walk away from this that you should take away about Cucumber if nothing else. Number one, it's free. So that's good. It runs on Windows, Mac, or Linux. So that's a good thing. The very most key thing I think is communication. It helps with communication. And I'll talk more how it does that. A little far away from the, all right. So it tests, you can test web websites, APIs, but a whole lot more actually too. So the title was a little bit misleading. It's not just a UI testing tool. You can use it for a lot of other things that you'll see. And with Cucumber, there's an English part and a code part. All right. So how is Cucumber different and cool? There's my friend there with a different looking Cucumber. So let's zoom in and see how Cucumber is different and cool. So as I mentioned, I use it for web testing and REST API testing. But you can use it for lots of other things. Java, JVM languages. There's a wire protocol for TCP sockets. You can test mobile with it. You can dot net mono, Flex, Flash and ActionScript, JavaScript, NodeJS, iOS, PHP, C++. There's a lot of platforms that it supports if you get the right plug-in. And all that information is out there on GitHub. And I'll make all these links that I'm flashing up there. They'll be available in some form after the meeting if you're interested. All right. So has anyone heard of behavior-driven development before? Yeah, quite a few. That's awesome. All right.  Anyone want to go? Go ahead. Exactly. Yeah, that's great. Great summarization of it. Yeah. The business analysts usually are the ones defining the behaviors and providing concrete examples. And then the team, the rest of the team, creates and tests each feature per those expectations. And again, if you don't know what behavior-driven development is, if you've never heard of that before, that's okay. Just take away that it's cucumbers considered a BDD tool. And you don't really have to be doing BDD to use cucumber. You can still use it. All right. So Guy on the left says, no, I think you're misinterpreting it. And then Dilbert says, wait a minute, I wrote it. So probably a lot of us have been in those situations where things are interpreted differently. There's a miscommunication and it causes like a few days work to get thrown away or have to be redone and stuff like that. I'm sure we've all been there, right? So the idea, ASLAC's idea with this tool is to bring these worlds together, the requirements world, the automated testing world, the documentation world. And analogous with that, our requirements often sit in one system and that tests it in another one and then the documentation's in yet another one. So the idea here is that cucumber can cover all these three areas and reduce communication problems. And we'll see that in the English part coming up next. All right. So the two parts, the English part and the code part. So the English part, the way we set our words up, the syntax of it is called gherkin. And has anyone ever used or the given one then kind of syntax before? Probably, yeah, good. So just like you have a certain syntax when you're writing a user story in Agile, this has a certain given one and then syntax to help us communicate clearly. So the given sets the context. You're usually talking about maybe what user you're logged in and what screen you're at or where you're at in your app and what's happened up to this point. The when describes an event, the thing that happens that you're testing and then the then describes your expected result. And an example of that. So the scenario is like a test name. So this scenario is refunded items, increased stock counts. Given a customer previously bought a black sweater, anytime you see and you're just adding on to the thing. So adding to the context here. So given the customer previously bought about black sweater and there are currently three black sweaters in stock, when the sweaters returned for the refund, so that's the key event here, then our expected result, there are now four black sweaters in stock. So it's should be pretty, pretty clear to everyone what's going on. Business analyst is going to understand that. So should the QAN developer. And for the code part, you have what are called the step definitions. So the English part of the steps and the code part are the step definitions. They're commonly done in Ruby, but they can be done in other languages, Python, JavaScript, Java and several others there. All right. So I'm going to move on to a demo next, but one last thing before I do that. Should you be further interested in Cucumber? The great book written by the man himself, Aslak Helsoy along with Matt Wynn, the Cucumber book. You can, I believe you can find that on Amazon. There's a site pragmatic books I think that has it. So you can get a PDF. The great, it's a great place to start if you want more information on Cucumber. All right. So I'll do a little demo now. So the text is very huge. One that back just a little bit. Let's see here. Let's move this over. Okay. So typically what we do for the, these, there are feature files that organize our scenarios, our test scenarios. So a lot of times a feature will correspond to a user story or cover several user stories. So sometimes what I do is just use the story text in the feature. So you have the, as a internet user, I want to have a search function so that I can see valuable pictures of cats. So, so in this scenario, I have a smoke test. And so given that the user Bob has opened the browser, when the user loads Google.com, then a blank search input box is presented. And so that's the English part. And the code part that corresponds with it. In this case, I did it in Ruby. So Ruby, so the, when Cucumbers run it, it goes through all the feature files or whichever feature file you select and interprets each line. So it encounters the line that says user Bob has opened the browser. And so it'll look for a matching step in your steps definitions in your step definitions. So here it'll find this particular step. And in this case, the browser is already going to be open for us. So in this simplistic example, there's nothing really to do. So I just have a comment there. And I know Steve somewhere is cringing that I have a comment in my code. So I apologize, Steve. So when the user loads Google.com, it's going to go through and it's using regular expressions to match the steps. And so here, we're going to grab the URL into a parameter based on that regular expression. So really, this step is more valuable than a simple hard coded step because we're going to be able to launch any, any website we want really with this step. I'm using what's called capybara, which is like a plug in or a gem you can use to enhance cucumber. So we're just saying visit URL, pretty simple. And our then step, a blank search input box is presented. We're basically using the find field. And it'll search by ID, but this is flexible enough to use CSS expressions or XPath expressions. So if we didn't have a handy ID to use an HTML ID, we could find this field based on any other property that has the text within the element or by other elements around this element. So it's pretty flexible. So I'll go ahead and run this. I can see what cucumber does. And you can see given user Bob has opened a browser. And there comes the browser. And it's looking for that search input box. And it's there. Great. Past. And I want to take the example just a little bit further to show you neat things about how cucumber works here and how it's behavior driven. So I have another scenario here. And I'm going to enable it. This is a tag, this at symbol. So I'm actually kind of showing what user story it goes with in case we want traceability. And this one says this is an actual search. So it's more than a smoke test. So given user Bob has opened the browser and the user loads Google.com, when the user searches for cats, then the search results include cat dash Wikipedia. So I don't have definitions for these last two steps yet because I've defined the behavior before I've implemented the code. So let's save this and see what cucumber does when there are no definitions for some of the steps. Run cucumber again. So given Bob has opened a browser. And you'll notice it's Firefox coming up. So by default, cucumber works with Firefox, but it's relatively easy to modify it to run against Chrome. Firefox and Chrome behave very similarly as probably a lot of you experienced. And then you can run it against IE, but that's more challenging. The setup is easy, but IE behaves differently than Chrome and Firefox, so it's challenging for that reason. You may have to change the way you're identifying elements to run against IE. So let's take a quick look at what that output is. Bob's opened a browser, he loads Google.com. And then we see these steps. Hopefully you can see they're in yellow. So the two scenarios actually ran both scenarios because I didn't tell it to just run one. So it ran both one pass, one was undefined or had undefined steps. Here are the two undefined steps. And it says you can implement step definitions for these undefined steps with these snippets.  And you can implement the steps then. So it gives you a nice head start in implementing your steps. Yep, time up. All right. Very good. Okay. Very good. All right. Thanks, everybody.


adding a new reference manually in M020. From the M0 toolbar, select References, and then select New Reference. A pop-up window will appear where you can enter your reference details. Change the reference type, and then enter the details of your reference. Enter new authors on a new line. To do this, after you've entered an author name, hit Control and Return on your keyboard. To save the record, click Save. Your reference has now been saved to your library. Please remember, institutional authors such as government departments, NGOs and companies should be entered with a comma at the end of their names. For example, Department of Work and Pensions comma. Thank you. That is the end of this demonstration.


This is what it looks like when you have carbon fiber digging into your skin repeatedly with every step for like eight hours straight. So I've been walking around a big city all day at a conference, standing at concrete floors and let me tell you, having a prosthetic leg, not necessarily I do. But I'm willing to bet we got some good bruising going on tonight. Ugh, that always feels so good to take off. First we got a little circle from the silicone pad, but unless I'm mistaken. Yeah, so this is what it looks like when you have carbon fiber digging into your skin repeatedly with every step for like eight hours straight. So one of the weird things about having a prosthetic leg is that your limb is constantly changing shape. So what might fit two months ago, no longer does. And so now I gotta go back on my prosthetist and see kind of what's causing this why it's rubbing in that place. But in the meantime, I gotta pop the sucker on and do it again tomorrow.


The role in all progressives congress APC has shifted a timeline for the conduct of its congresses and national convention. No new date has yet been fixed for the two exercises. The initial timetable released by the party had fixed the sale of nomination forms for ward congress for 1st to 7th of July. A shift of the timeline for the exercise became glaring on Wednesday when the national secretariat was unable to distribute the nomination forms for elections into various party offices at the wards, local government and state levels. The party also has to contend with challenges in membership registration and revalidation in some states before commencement of the congresses.


So there's no doubt they're going to have the key issues of China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, terrorism. But to deal with all of these coherently, I think you have to start at first principles. So I think one of the biggest challenges is to up front make it very clear of how the administration sees the centrality of the U.S. role in shaping the future of an international order and being part of constructing something that is in our interest, consistent with our values, and gives us a framework to manage all the crises that we're going to have by putting the United States at the center of how we actually address some of these problems in partnership with our allies and our partners. Look, I'm under no illusion of the real challenges, the device of nature of our campaign. There's been a lot of noise in this election. But coming out of passing the baton, one of the things that has struck me is there is a real recognition on both sides that in the absence of long-term, sustainable, consistent strategies for the United States, we won't really get to the base of really solving some of these key problems in a way that's important for our interests. And everybody seems to recognize that to do that, the key ingredient is bipartisanship, an effective bipartisan basis of support for what you're trying to do.