Good morning. Are you all right? Lovely. Let us continue with our discussion of vowel sounds. We have been talking about since last week, we have been talking about production of speech sounds and we have seen that there are two kinds of speech sounds, major broad classes. One is the class called vowel sounds and the other is the consonant sounds. We saw that vowel sounds are those sounds that are, can you please repeat with me, that are voiced, that are oral and that are free, without, that are produced without obstruction. Let me repeat myself. Vowel sounds are those sounds, vowels are voiced, what else? Oral and unobstructed, great. In all languages of the world, no matter what language you speak, vowel sounds are voiced and unobstructed. Close your eyes and answer me, define. In all languages, vowel sounds are number one, a, voiced, b, oral and c, unobstructed, correct? Then the second question is, if all vowel sounds are like that, how do we distinguish between one and another? How are we, in other words, able to produce different kinds of vowel sounds? Some languages have 14, some languages have 16, a language like British English, standard British English has 20 vowel sounds. How do we produce these different vowel sounds? And last week, we were talking about it and we saw that these vowel sounds differ because of the following, these three parameters. Either they are produced from the front of the mouth or they are produced from the back of the mouth, back of the tongue or either in the production of these vowel sounds, the jaws are closed or jaws are open and there can be in between positions. There can be half open, half closed, central, you know, there can be other distinctions and there is a third parameter. What is the third parameter? Some vowels are produced with lips, rounded and some others are produced with lips, unrounded or spread or flat. I will repeat myself. The question is, how are we able to produce different kinds of vowel sounds? We have recognized that all vowel sounds are voiced, oral, unobstructed. These are common characteristics. Then, how do we distinguish one from another? Then, these are the parameters along which vowel sounds differ from, you know, one another. One differs from another. What are the parameters? Either they are produced from the front of the tongue or from the, please close your eyes and tell me, or from the back of the tongue. Either they are produced with jaws closed or jaws open or they are produced with lips rounded or unrounded. Once again, how do we distinguish between or among different vowel sounds? Please tell me, a, close your eyes and tell me, a, either they are produced from the front of the tongue or from the back of the tongue. Number one, number two, in the production of them, either jaws are closed or jaws are open. Third, in the production of them, either lips are rounded or lips are unrounded. These are the three basic parameters along which we describe different vowel sounds. Any questions, any problems about this? Any questions? Please, I have also given you references to some books. Look at those books. There is plenty of material on the net. You can see any of these things or you can talk to me. Let us be clear. How do we describe the vowel sounds of different languages or how do we describe different vowel sounds? That is what we are going to talk about today. Description of different vowel sounds. How do we say a is different from a? What are the phonetic characteristics of a, which distinguishes a from a? A from a, a from i, i from o, o from a, you know. How do we distinguish? That is what we are going to attempt today. You will have to write, think, talk. Please participate. Are you alright? Yes or no please? Are you comfortable? I hope you have had a nice weekend and you are charged to undergo even boring classes like phonetics and linguistics. Shall we continue? Only five people are serious. Shall we continue? Before we go into the description of these vowel sounds, I will like to tell you a word or two about the international phonetic alphabet. The way we write, you saw while we were talking about design features of language, that natural languages are primarily vocal, not written. Do you agree? Is it the case that anyone was born writing and learned talking afterwards? What do you say? What do you say? No, obviously not. You know, we were not, not really. That is, you know, in a certain sense, they learned making sign language, but that is their expression as well. But even before that, they observe shape of lips, production of sounds. They cannot hear because they are deaf, but then they mark the shape of lips. So, first, all of us, you know, in a certain sense, learned and you are quite right.  They have, they do not have that kind of a script. They have a sign language which also differs. For example, American sign language is different from Indian sign language. There are some differences. Not in that sense, actually deaf people. So, we are saying the same thing. All of us first learned to speak in whatever manner and writing systems, alphabet come later. Now, alphabet, you know, writing systems differ greatly. In India itself, we have as many different kinds of scripts as we have languages. Telugu and Kannada, you know, if they are spoken to each other, all Kannada speakers, I guess, will understand. All Telugu speakers and all Telugu speakers will understand. All Kannada speakers, but scripts are different to a great extent, right? There are similarities. Similarly, for Malayalam and Tamil or in Devnagari and Bengali, Devnagari and Guru Mukhi, Punjabi or look at European languages or look at Arabic or look at Hebrew, you know. Hebrew is written from right to left. Urdu is written from Arabic is written from right to left. Persian is written from right to left. Roman, Latin, Greek is written from left to right. Writing systems differ. We use different kinds of symbols to express the same sound. Say, for example, look at this sound, look at this sound, ke. Now, you can in Roman alphabet, you use ke. In Devnagari, you use ke. In Telugu, is it correct? Yes. And there are, you know, so the question is how shall we talk about sounds? So, there is a group of, there is an international body called international, please write, international phonetic association. It is the international body of phoneticians. Those who study speech sounds of natural languages, it is called international phonetic association. International phonetic association, international phonetic association are in brief I, P, A. So, they agreed upon an alphabet, a system, a set of symbols which are used to indicate sounds, which are not peculiar to any language, which is international and which is indicate, which is used to indicate particular sound, which is produced in a particular manner. So, when we talk about speech sounds, we use those symbols just that in different sciences in trigonometry, you have one kind of set of symbols. In mathematics in algebra, you have another kind of symbols. So, in phonetics, we use symbols agreed upon by international phonetic association and this is called I, P, A system or international in other words it is called international phonetic alphabet system or I, P, A system, I, P, A system, international phonetic alphabet system or international phonetic alphabet. Now, in this language, this is not K, this is not K, what is this? This is, it means that it is produced in a particular manner from the back of the tongue, voiceless, etcetera, etcetera. This is, this is not A, what is this? This is R, not R, this is R, it is produced from the back of the tongue, it is produced with open mouth, it is produced without rounded lips. It does not mean A, it does not belong to English or Latin, it does not belong to X or Y. This symbol represents a sound, which is produced from the back of the tongue, which is produced without rounded lips in the production of which mouth is open, vocal cords vibrate, it is a free sound, unobstructed, oral, it is a vowel sound. Do you see the difference? It is not K, it is not A, this is, this is R, it has certain phonetic features, it is produced in a certain manner. So, in the description of speech sounds, we will be using international phonetic alphabet system. Am I clear to you? Yes or no, please? Yes. Right. I have given you a handout and it is there, you can download it on your computer if you like. Here is the link, here is the link. I will mail it to Mahesh and the entire class Mahesh. I will request Mahesh to copy it to the entire class. You can download it, you can have your own set. I have given you a handout printing this. If you have not got it, please take a copy from Mahesh, make his life as difficult as you can or pay him for it. Mahesh, for all the photocopies that this poor young man takes, these are the symbols. So, we have, this is the first symbols shown there is not P, it is always written within slanted bars. I did not put it to keep it simple, but I will be using this kind of slanted bars. So, the first symbol indicates there not P, but as in this word, that word, that word, as in pen or copy or happen. Similarly, the next symbol is it indicates Ba. As in, as in, everybody please, as in, back, baby, job. Next symbol is as in go slow and you know with rhythm. Next is, as in, next is, as in, next is, as in, as in, next is, as in, like that, you know, I have given you the entire set. I will mail it to you. You have the handout before you, please look at it. You have all this while talking about English sounds. You know, I have said phonetic symbols for English sound. A large number of these symbols can also be used to indicate speech sounds in other languages. There are one or two which differ and I will indicate that to you as we go along, right. You can go to Google and you can also say international phonetic alphabet or IPA symbols and you will get the entire chart. You can use some of them to describe sounds in Telugu. You can use some of them to describe sounds in other languages. It is easily available. Please download, please have it on your computer and use those symbols in assignments or in talking about speech sounds. Am I clear to you please? Everybody please, am I clear to you? Have a copy, right. Let us come back to the description of sounds. So, we describe different vowel sounds with the help of symbols from IPA system. What is IPA system? Give me the full name. International Phonetic Alphabet System. Who has designed this system? The International Association of Phoneticians or International Phonetic Association, correct? Generally agreed upon. Not the best system. It is very Europe-centered, but you know it happens sometimes in the history of mankind that some nations or some groups of nations dominate the culture of some others, but by a large it is as representative as symbols you find in other sciences, right. Let us use them. Now, what are we talking about? We are talking about how different kinds of vowel sounds are produced and how we can describe them. Look at the situation. Please draw a trapezium like this. Do not write those symbols as I have written, but draw a large trapezium and you know put two lines in between horizontal from left to right and two lines in the center, a triangle in the center to indicate the entire area, correct? Draw a vowel trapezium something in this manner. I am sure you guys can do a better job. You know my drawing skills are pretty poor, but basically you know this is a vowel trapezium. I have not done it well. It should come further rightward. It should be further slanting as you see on the screen. I downloaded it from some website on the Google, but we will describe sounds with respect to. We describe all speech sounds, especially vowel sounds. We describe all vowel sounds with respect to, please mark my word with respect to their position on the vowel trapezium. Do you understand me? With respect to their position. Say for example, look at the top, you know look at this sound e. What is it? E as in English word key, cheese. Now, where is this? This is front of the mouth, correct? It is front. Is it closed or open? Close. You know jaws are closed. But this is open. This is fully open, right? Here jaws are open or closed? Closed. Is it front or back? Front. But look at this sound. E as in choose. Earlier thing was cheese, but now it is choose. Where is this produced from? It is produced from the back of the mouth, okay? Front. Sorry. Closed or open? Please make a mistake. Doesn't matter. Closed or open? Close. Obviously. Is it closed or open? Close. But look at this sound. Look at on the other hand this sound please. Here. This is a produce it. Now, let us describe the position. It is position of the world. Is it back or front? It is back. Of course. It is back of the tongue. Not front. Is it closed or open? It is open. The jaws are fully open. You know you cannot produce an a until you produce an English a is particularly long. You know more, much longer than a in our Indian languages.  We don't exaggerate anything. But you know in some European languages like English it is pretty exaggerated. So for example this sound is a. Sorry this sound is back of the tongue. This sound is produced from open. What is the third parameter for the description of all sounds? Front or back? Close or open? And third? Rounded or unrounded? Please write the third parameter. Okay. Three parameters. Now look at this sound here. E. Is it rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Spread it and say E. Everybody please. E. Say please. E. Rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Unrounded. But look at this sound. We say choose. We say ooo. Rounded or unrounded? Rounded. But look at this case. Rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Spread. Okay. So this is the third parameter. So how shall we describe it? Let us write this sound E. Okay. Can I take it off? But you can. I want you to keep it on one page and use the other page to describe things as we have there. Let us say this is where we have E. Please write E. Okay. How shall we describe it? We will say this way. Correct? Right? As in let us say as in the particular word called cheese. Correct? You can have another word. You can say please. You can say peel. You can say deep. You can say keep. Lots of words which have this sound in English. In our languages also we have this sound. In Sanskrit if you say Dean that is poor. Okay. Then you can use that. Do you have this sound in Telugu? Anybody please? Okay. So you can say as in a particular word, particular language. Correct? I am using English because that seems to be the only common language among us. Everyone does not know Hindi. Everyone does not know Telugu. Everyone does not know Sanskrit. But in this class I guess everyone knows English. Okay. But you do not have to do that. You are not obliged to do that. You can actually, I will give you an assignment. Many people can also take it as for their term paper. But there will be a general assignment for all of us. Describe vowel sounds in your mother tongue. Okay. How shall we do that? I am heading towards that. So first use slanted bar. Write E. At the moment we are talking about English. I have not said otherwise I should have said as in English word cheese. What is the description? Number one. Is it front or back? Look at the, look at the vowel trapezium. Is it front or back? Front. So we will write front. Okay. Is it close or open? Everybody please. Is it close or open? Close. So we will write closed. Is it rounded or unrounded? Rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. So please write un. This is, this is the complete phonetic description of this vowel sound. This vowel sound is E as in English word cheese. What is the phonetic description? It is produced from the front of the tongue. Jaws are closed and lips are unrounded. But look at the other sound. Okay. This, this colon mark, this colon mark indicates length, extra length. Okay. Some more time. It has taken without this, it has taken 300 nanoseconds. With this it takes 600 nanoseconds or 700 nanoseconds. Double duration. Extra length. That is why in our languages we have haraswa. What is the opposite of haraswa? Anybody please? Derg. Derg means long. Haraswa means short. You can, you know, you can wonder at the imagination and intelligence of those sages of thousands of years ago who did not have the advantage of a spectrogram, computers and yet they were able to describe minuscule differences between sounds. That is why they were called rushis, you know, seers or sages. So this indicates length. With this it is a long sound. Without this it is a short sound. Once again with this it is a long sound. Without this it is a short sound. Haraswa derg. Let us describe this as in chews. Indicate which part of the word by underlining. Chews. How shall we describe it? Is this sound produced from the front of the tongue or back of the tongue? Everybody please speak. Back of the tongue. Right? Not the front of the tongue. Back of the tongue. Jaws closed or open? Jaws are closed. Lips rounded or unrounded? Rounded. In this case. Okay. Rounded. We call this level in the literature of phonetics. This level is known as please write three term level. What is it known as? Three term level. What are the three terms? Front or back? Close or open? And rounded or unrounded? These are the three terms. So along these three terms on the axis of these three terms we describe vowel sounds. Let us look at other sounds in English and let us apply. Okay. Take this sound now. Take this sound. Do it on your notebook without my help. Okay. You can talk to two people, three people together. You can do it together. Okay. What did you decide this was? That particular sound here. This sound here. What is it? So first let us write the symbol. Do you have a length marker there? Yes. Put a length marker here. As in, give me an English word. Car. Because every bitek wants soon after we take a car. The job or car first? Car. Now give me the description please. This is back, open. Correct? You got it. You are phoneticians now. Let us describe all English sounds. And then you know we will have the homework. We will describe vowel sounds in Telugu. Correct? But before we do that, come here. This is e without length. This is a, it is hruswo in English word like you know chin or pin or till or dip, D-I-P dip. Not D-W-E-P but D-I-P dip. It is short. Okay. How shall we describe it? Come on, attempted description. Two of you, three of you together please. But first do it on your notebook and then tell me this sound. Do it on your notebook and then tell me. Then share with the rest of the class. Please. How do you describe it? This is e as in, no length marker here. No length marker here. Just say as in, dip or as in till, as in pin, as in bin, as in din, D-I-N. Okay. Now, is it front or back? Front, obviously. Close or open? Close. Is it as close as earlier sound P? No. Now we are bringing in variations. How close is it? Half close. You see, arbitrarily we have decided to call it half close. And this line is therefore half open. This is arbitrary but you know it helps scientists sometimes arbitrarily design, you know the names of symbols, etc., etc. Actually half close should have meant the same thing as half open. Okay. But in this case the association of, you know, phoneticians said no, half close is up, above and half open is way below. Okay. They could as well have called it open A, open B, open C, open D. If in that case it will be open A, this will be B, this will be C, and this will be D. So treat it as just another descriptive parameter. So now come back to it. E, how close? It is of course front. Is it close or open? Close. How close? Half close. Please write. Half closed. Okay. And this is what we are talking about and then rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Lovely. Okay. Let us look at this sound. Let's look at this. A, how shall we describe it? A as in egg, as in debt, as in pet, as in bet, as in get, G-E-T, get. But not G-A-T-E. In English word G-E-T, get, as in get. Okay. How shall we describe it? Is it front or back? Front. Okay. Is it close or open? Half open. Is it rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Lovely. You are funaticians now. Okay. Let's look at this sound. Let's make our lives a little more difficult. Look at this. This is a, this sound, this symbol. Can you see? Everybody please, can you see? Can you draw it? This symbol. It is drawn, you know. It is an inverted E. This is, what is this? This symbol is called? Okay. Can you describe it now?  A, as in, as in, give me an example, please. Not up. Okay. In Indian pronunciation of appear. In Indian pronunciation of appear. But in English pronunciation of as in away, as in, how do you pronounce it? Away. Or as in, what is this? This is a, are we together? Everybody please, are we together? Yeah. So, this is a, as in away, about, arrest, okay, attend the initial sound. Right? Now, let's ask those questions. Is it front or back? Is it front or back? It is middle. It is central. Let's write. Central. Correct? Is it close or open? Now here comes, you know, here comes a challenge for science. Is it half open? There is another sound there. Is it half close? So, you know, what we do is, it is between half close and half open. But closer to, half close. Please write. Between half close and half open, but closer to, closer to, half close. Closer to, closer to, half close, half close. Is it rounded or unrounded? Unrounded, obviously. On the other hand, let us look at this sound, this symbol. This is a, as in girl, as in burn. Any English word which is, where a is followed by a, as in, come on, give me the word. As in earth, as in earth, as in, earn, as in, shirt, as in, dirt, as in, hurt. Any English word where a is followed by a, this a becomes long. It becomes a. Right? Now, how do we describe it? Let's describe this sound. This is, this is the symbol. Put a length marker. Put a length marker, please. As in, as in burn, earn, churn, learn, or as in hurt, dirt, shirt, as in earth, as in girth. The lots of English words. Is it front or back? Is it front or back? It is central. Is it front or back? Look at the vowel trapezium. Make it in your, where is it? Is it front or back? Is it front or is it back? Central, obviously. That question will be answered by saying it is central. So, right central. Is it open or closed? Between half closed and half open, but closer to? Half open. Half open. Please write. Between half closed and half open, but closer to? Half open. Rounded or unrounded? Rounded or unrounded? I want everybody to say, please. Rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. Unrounded. Okay. Let us take some, let us look at some of the other sounds. Let us look at this. Okay. Let us look at this. This is ooo. Round your lips and say ooo. Please. Ooo. As in English word, port, fort, okay. Forth, f-o, u-r-t-h. What is it? Forth. Court. What is the spelling? C-o-u-r-t. Please describe it. So, we are talking about, this is a symbol inverted. What is this? What is this sound? What sound is indicated by this symbol? Ooo. Round your lips and make it long, but not narrow rounding, broad round. Ooo. As in? As in court. As in fort. As in? Many other words. Forth. Okay. Many other words. All right. How do we describe it? Is it front or back? Please look at the vowel trapezium and tell me. Is it front or back? Back. Please write. Back. Is it open or closed? Is it open or closed? Please come on. Make a mistake. Doesn't matter. It is between, you know, it is actually half open, you know, or you can say closer to half open. Okay. It is half open. Right? Is it rounded or unrounded? Half open and rounded. Okay. On the other hand, take this sound. Ooo. This is Ooo. As in push, put, pull. Okay. Full. Okay. Please give me a description. Put this sound here. What will you say now? As in? As in? Pull. Full. Okay.  Is it front or back? Everybody please, the class, entire class please. Are we together? Is it front or back? Back. Back. Okay. Is it open or closed? Half. It is half closed. Rounded or unrounded? Rounded. Please write. It's very simple. Back. Half closed and rounded. All right. Come to this here. Look at this sound. Okay. Can you draw the symbol correctly? It's very easy. Take an inverted E. Inverted E. Okay. And put a proper E back to back. This is as in, as in English words. Cat, back, lack, lack. Okay. Let's describe it as in, as in pat. How shall we describe it? Front or back? Please do risk. Front or back? Front. Close or open? Half open. Rounded or unrounded? Half open. Unrounded. Unrounded. Okay. Anybody please? Any doubts? Okay. Now I won't do it. I want you to do it. Look at this sound. This symbol. Please. Are you able to see the arrow? Yes or no? Please. Okay. Here. This. Are you able to see it? As in, this is the symbol. As in fun. As in fun. As in boss. As in bought. As in cut. You know.  Say boss. Please say it. Cut. Fun. Run. Run. Okay. This is the English sound. Okay. How do we describe it? Is it front or back? Here is it. Is it front or back? Central. Is it open or close? It is half open. But closer to open. Is it rounded or unrounded? Unrounded. In this manner we can describe all English vowel sounds. English vowel sounds. I am going to anyway mail it to, you know, this is how I have described it. Okay. I am going to mail it to Mahesh but there is an assignment for you. You know. Please do it. It's an optional assignment but you will learn a great deal. Can you look at the vowels of your mother tongue? Can you look at the vowels of Telugu and bring, at least bring me tomorrow six vowels kindly mail it to me so that I can project it here. And the deadline is before, you know, five o'clock today. Right? Or can I give you Dinesh's email ID? You can mail it to him. Mail it to me. Okay. Or mail it to Mahesh by five o'clock and Mahesh can give it to me. At least six Telugu vowels, six vowels from Malayalam Tamil, whatever your mother tongue, take any six vowels, describe them in this manner. Any questions please? Any questions? Thank you. Have a good day.


In 2015, Texas legislature changed the law to allow residents with proper training and licensing to openly carry handguns. This new open carry law took effect January 1st. Texans will now be able to carry handguns in plain view in accordance with House Bill 910. Individuals who obtain a license to carry or LTC, or who have a valid concealed handgun license known as a CHL, will be able to openly carry their weapon if it is properly secured in a shoulder or belt holster. The law does not change the necessary qualifications to carry a handgun, with the exception that weapons can be now visibly seen in the licensee's possession. The City of Fort Worth is committed to providing excellent service and respecting the rights of members of our community while ensuring the safety of the public. All residents need to be aware of the license restrictions and possible violations of the open carry law. Only sworn law enforcement officers can ask to see someone's permit. Open carry violations include a gun holder, removing their gun from their secured holster, appearing to be intoxicated, committing an obvious crime, acting in a reckless or suspicious manner. Call 911 or flag down an officer if you encounter someone in violation of the law or are worried for your safety. Laws recommend that you clearly state why you feel worried or threatened. In addition, license holders are prohibited from carrying in certain locations, such as schools, election sites, courtrooms and offices of the court, hospitals with proper signage, worship centers with proper signage, amusement parks with proper signage, non-firearms related high school, college or professional sporting event or interscholastic event. College events require proper signage. Governmental meetings subject to Texas Open Meetings Act with proper signage. Several private businesses might also stop guns from being carried openly or concealed on their premises if they have either of two signs, 30.07 preventing open carry and 30.06 preventing concealed carry. Both or either sign would be posted at any entrance to the building. Other businesses may post signs that the unlicensed possession of a handgun on the premises, such as convenient stores and liquor stores, is a felony. The city of Fort Worth is committed to continuing our high standards of customer service while being compliant and consistent with state law. It is important that residents feel safe and abide by all regulations. For more information about the open carry law, please visit the Texas Department Public Safety website. Thank you.


I am one of the folks who can attest to the fact that the reach of PragerU is absolutely vast. It is reaching all corners of the internet to the extent that even I've seen my normie friends and family members share PragerU videos. And if that wasn't bad enough, they're attempting to share these videos in schools. They launched a program to share their videos, their right wing disinformation videos to schools in order to brainwash children. But the situation is getting even a lot more alarming because now their target audience is much younger than they previously aimed for. Now this story in the American Prospect lays out the details. This is by Amelia Pollard and she writes, last week the Prospect reported that students across the country have been shown right wing content from non-profit educational video maker PragerU for years, even though it was supposedly intended for adults. Since last fall, however, the conservative organization has aggressively fundraised for PragerU resource for educators and parents, PREP, a new education program targeted directly at school age children. In the initiative's first batch of education-specific content released Monday, PragerU now has videos aimed at children as young as kindergarten age. The content includes online videos and other materials designed for ages 5 to 18. This material is meant to be shown in school or at home and although the videos aren't as overtly political as PragerU's typical 5 minute videos for adults, they are still suffused with right wing propaganda. PragerU's website advertises its content with a chirpy marketing message, fun shows and crafting activities created for young children that teach American history along with traditional values like faith, family and freedom. Using popular platforms like Instagram and Twitter, PragerU has long strived to get its content in front of young people, but now that target age has plummeted. For kindergarten through second grade, one of the new educational segments is a story time that celebrates American values of freedom, individuality, hard work, equality under God and more, starring the head of outreach for PREP, Jill Simonian, and a mascot named Otto, modeled on the bulldog of the organization's founder, Dennis Prager. The first video features the book, Paloma Wants to Be Lady Freedom by Rachel Campo Steffi, a regular Fox News contributor whose politics deeply align with PragerU's mission. PragerU's husband, Sean Duffy, was a five-term Republican congressman from Wisconsin who is now also a Fox News contributor. Former high school students have complained online about being shown adult-oriented PragerU videos, which are popular among some history and economics teachers. None of the students interviewed for last week's prospect story were comfortable confronting their teachers or school administrators even though they recognized the conservative agenda behind the videos. But when it comes to younger children, the concern among some early education experts is that five-year-olds lack the critical thinking skills to enable them to recognize video content as political, let alone right-leaning. Now, Rachel Campo Steffi, who is the author of the book that they're promoting, this is someone who is a certified lunatic. She goes on Fox News all the time and she frequently complains about how leftists and coastal elites have too much cultural influence. And so she's made it her mission, very deliberately, to push back on the cultural influence that she believes leftists have. So what she wants to do is embed these right-wing values in children at a young age, brainwash them quite literally in hopes that this is going to be something that sticks, that they remain conservatives and they don't become leftists or liberals when they go to college. And just the other day on Steve Hilton's program on Fox News, Dave Rubin was complaining about how colleges essentially manufacture leftists and liberals because they teach you how to hate America. But that's not actually true. What he's referring to is history classes. When you go to school, you get taught about American history. And yes, that includes American imperialism, genocides that our country has waged against other human beings. So he claims that if you teach them that, this is trying to teach college students how to hate America. So when Prager, you says, well, we're just teaching students history. Nothing wrong with that seems pretty anodyne, right? No, actually, what they're teaching is revisionist history. They don't want to portray America in a negative light. So perhaps they downplay the elements of our past that are a little bit controversial, if you will, the genocide, slavery, historical oppression of people of color, wars over oil. So this is quite literally indoctrination. This is what they want to do. This is what they claim liberals want to do. But this is literally what they're doing. And it has to be stopped. And really the only way I think that you can sufficiently push back against Prager U is by supporting their main adversary, the Grevelle Institute. So if you haven't already subscribed to the Grevelle Institute and if you can support them on Patreon, because they've already had a phenomenal reach, they've been able to kind of compete with Prager U, even though they just got started. And I hope that Grevelle Institute launches a similar program because at the rate we're going, Prager U, they could be unstoppable, which is really bad because we want children and adults. We want them to get objective facts. And data and statistics, not right wing misinformation and revisionist history that is only going to perpetuate the issues that we have in America and make Americans dumber than we already are. So this absolutely has to be stopped. And I hope that more students, when they're shown these propaganda videos, they have the confidence to speak up. But I mean, if I were a high school student, I don't know that I would have the confidence to confront my history teacher about something like this. So it's dangerous.


Now, let's talk about capture pain relief location trading and this gets into really advanced supply and demand Trading and before I get into it What you have to really understand as well within the forex market and really any market that you're in is That the market is a zero sum game Especially forex anyway for someone to win someone else has to lose and profit is basically Transferred from the loser to the winner. There's always someone on the other side of your trade And there are you know, if you look at your broker something like 80 percent You know of depending on obviously the broker but an average of maybe 80 percent of traders don't you know make any money All right, they legally have to do to I think it's Esma rules or I think it is Esma That they have to publish, you know their statistics every three months So an average 70 to 80 percent don't you know make or they lose money, right? So where do you think that money is going to when you get stopped out your? Your trade or your your your money is is transferred from, you know Loser, which is you to the broker or whoever's on the other side of your trade. So it's not nice It's not You know, it's not really a concept. That's kind of spoken about a really Understood but there are ways to take advantage of losing traders and you know you everybody here Watching this video is my opponent. Yeah, and capture pain relief Location trading takes advantage of your losing mistakes and I'm going to show you exactly how that is that is done right so Also as well before I get into that that we Location CPR location trading we understand the supply and demand equation at areas of supply and demand So what I mean by that is we understand why there is likely to be more supply or more demand at a level price zone Then then the other so why is it likely to be more to demand then supply or why is there more likely to be? More supply orders then demand orders at a level Yeah, and we have four technical trade setups, but I want to get into capture pain relief so When we are trying to understand our opponents Yeah, when I understand I'm understanding what you do. I'm trying to take money from you or take advantage from you Yeah, one of the ways I do that is understanding what you do at levels now There are only three types of traders. There are breakout traders. You might say three types of traders says breakout traders There are retracement traders and There are level traders Yeah There's many different strategies whether you trade Fibonacci pivot points moving averages You know MacDs to castix etc doesn't matter at some, you know point you will use support and resistance Yeah, support and resistance Yeah as confluence yeah within that strategy Yeah, so you'll say prices have come down to a level of support and I've seen you know that the Stochastic is overbought or oversold and then I will see a golfing candle and then I will enter I know all of pretty much all the strategies are pretty traded You know most of them anyway the ones on YouTube before I discovered this and well my mentor taught me this anyways so There are three Main Trading disciplines right so What we need to do is understand what traders do at levels yeah and take advantage when What traders what the mass majority of traders expect to happen when that fails? So one of the Setups is what I know what I called the breakout CPR trade Right, and we're gonna look at this this this area here right right here So as you can see if we look to the left, we've got a clear level which has been touched once twice Yeah, so once twice Yep So when prices come back to here and let's ignore what happens to the right of the chart for now Yeah, up until this point when prices come here and Prices break through yeah with maybe some sort of strong candlestick First of all you're gonna get breakout traders right because breakout traders They're looking for what breakouts they expect prices to continue going to the upside They don't want to wait they want to be the first in yeah And if you're a breakout trader watching this you'll know exactly what I'm talking about Yeah, so you want to see something like a strong candlestick, you know break up a break above close above Which is what everybody teaches online that level is definitely gone now because it's closed above it it means nothing of the sort but That's what breakout traders are convinced minus part of their strategy so Once you get a nice candlestick breakout on a time frame that is you know traded like for example The hourly or four hourly or the daily Breakout traders are getting in so they've now committed Capital yeah with the expectation that prices are going to go higher at this point in time I'm just watching. Yeah, we're just watching as CPR location trading Strategy protagonists we are just watching for the average breakout trader Tracement trader and level trader when their strategy goes against them. Yeah And when prices do something like this and convince traders to enter into a position We know that their money is now in the market. They've pressed buy on their broker Right, press buy on their broker And now They are in now if prices continue go going higher great for them. They've made some money Excellent. That's not my trade. That's not our traders capture pain relief Traders what we're looking for is when this Setup this obvious setup break out traders take when it fails Yeah, so when it goes in their direction and then it collapses on them That's what we're looking for that presents an opportunity and the opportunity presents itself in the form of these traders not being Disciplined yeah, they are not disciplined most traders Right, there's something called loss aversion bias and loss aversion bias basically means Loss feels worse than gains feel good and it's a psychological bias that that that not just traders have people have in general Yeah, and what the effect of that in trading is that those types of traders who suffer from loss aversion bias Do not want to accept, you know the loss. Yeah, they want to They want to avoid the loss at all costs. So what they do is they move Yeah, or remove their stop losses because as prices start to go against them They don't want to accept the loss. So they're stop loss. Yeah, that's top loss Which would have been maybe below the level they start to move it down as prices start to go against them And how many of you out there? Yeah, how many of you out there watching this have done this I've done this I used to do this, you know years ago, but And it's because I don't want to accept the loss and some of you again might be a bit skeptical Well, I I don't move my stop losses. So why would anyone else? So what situations would traders move their stop losses imagine, you know, you've been in a Losing streak for example, right again, how many of you've been in this situation you've been in losing streak Let's say for example, you've lost four in a row, right? You've had a really bad, you know week or month and you've lost four five in a row, which is normal by the way This is normal, right four five losing streak is absolutely normal when it comes to the law of large numbers But let's just say for traders that don't understand that They're tearing their hair out. All right, they need to get back their money and they're in the mode of revenge trading and They need to make money because they saw, you know, someone else making money on YouTube, etc, etc So what happens is is that this next trade becomes all important They have to win it. Yeah, and in fact what traders tend to do is they might double or triple up because they want to get back The money that they lost over the past four or five trades Yeah, and this breakout strategy that they've been using or they want to use You know, it seems to work in back testing, etc And maybe it does maybe it doesn't right but in this occasion It didn't and it doesn't work for them. It doesn't it starts to stop them out And because instead of risk risking maybe two percent on the trade now They've risked five percent on that trade when prices start to go against them. They don't want to realize that loss They don't want to accept that loss. Yeah or five percent Yeah, or whatever this is because they're over leveraged they're trying to make, you know Their money because of the fact that they've lost a couple of, you know trades, which is again, which is normal in trading and Rather than accept the loss they get what? Caught in their positions. They get caught Yeah, because prices start to go in their direction and they've committed and now when prices go against them And they start to move and remove their stop losses. This is Exactly what starts to happen. Yeah, they get caught and this is what we've known as the pain phase the more Prices go against them. This is pain. This is pain for them. Yeah pain pain pain pain so As prices go against them and they remove and remove their stop losses because of their inability to take a loss if price ever comes back up to their original Risk amount for example there is five percent four percent or whatever it is. What do you think these guys are going to do? What would you do ask yourself this question? What would you do in this situation? Yeah You're gonna thank your lucky stars. Yeah, that you're able to get out after seeing your unrealized profit You might have been down maybe 20 percent down here 30 percent 50 percent, etc Yeah, that's where you are or that's where you were Yeah, you're caught in your position and you're feeling the pain you're looking at that This wasn't supposed to happen. You know, I wasn't supposed to risk so much How am I gonna get out of this if prices keep going down you're gonna end up blowing your account? Prices make their way back up Normal response for traders who have been through pain is just for some pain relief Right next best trade other than a winning trade is a small loser or a break-even trade So if prices ever come back up here, what do you think these traders are gonna do? They're gonna exit their trade and if they bought Right, they bought here and the breakout. What do you think? They have to do to exit their trade. They have to Sell sell to exit. Yes by They have to sell to exit sell is what supply Yeah selling is Supply so we know from a technical analysis perspective Supply and demand equation that is gonna be supply here from traders breakout traders who are expecting prices to go higher and now They've gone through the pain phase and now this is the relief phase Yeah, the relief phase here will be supply now if you think that this only applies to Retail traders you are sadly mistaken this happens to all levels of traders and there's a Gentleman that you guys may have heard of or you may not have heard of and his name is Kwaku Adiboli, Brian and He was a UBS trader and he was convicted of illegally trading two billion Right trading away two billion Dollars. Yeah So there's a fascinating interview and I really suggest that you guys watch this I'll leave the link in the description box below. Yeah, and In this he describes In this short clip, right? Maybe on case for the next maybe 20 seconds he actually describes when he gets caught in his position Yeah, and with the banks what they can do is they can add into a position So you see when prices are going down whereas the average trader may just not add in what happened with the review BS is that they were adding in to their trades as prices were going against them But what that did was that's called Martin girl Martin galing in but what happened was is that they martin galed in and Prices never returned. Did they so they compounded their losses that works the banks can do it because they have deep enough pockets But from there's an event when an event when it doesn't come back. Yeah, then they compound Their losses what they're hoping to happen and what they're expecting to happen is there what they'll do is they'll add in Yeah, as prices are going down Yeah, and then when prices start to come back up they're making money From these positions as prices come back up into the level and their original For example trade that they got caught on Yeah, they bought in these in these positions and they flip their positions and you'll hear them talk about it.  There is what supply there Yeah, they're still supply but how they make money is by martin galing in if it comes back They have deep enough pockets to do that the average retail trader is not going to do that But let's watch this 15-second clip where Quake who talks about exactly how you know when he was when they were caught I Must be wrong and I flip my positions go along with the house for you on the day that we do that July the 1st the market starts to crash and we just panic lose control and As the market crashes up to 40% in some of the markets we were trading We just bought more and more and more as it's going down as it's going down buying this stuff Yeah, because because the idea is that well just hold or buy more because when it bounces then you make the money back How do you hold those positions? Well using the umbrella, you know So there you go. He explains it right there. Yeah, I Think was the first of July. He says, you know, he takes positions the market goes against them Yeah, the market goes against him as he's taken his positions and Then they add in but in his case price just did not come back Yeah, did not come back. But if it had have come back They would have basically been through the capture pain relief trading process So also just to understand the supply and demand equation at a level and I'll wrap this up in a sec is you also have traders Right, not only do you have the CPR traders here? So these guys are exiting so there's supply there then You have traders who maybe have bought down here Yeah And if you buy down here, where are you going to take profit? You'll take profit somewhere around support So resistance resistance Resistance somewhere around here So that if you're taking profit you're buying here You're gonna have to do what to exit sell to take profit Supply then you also have new traders brand new traders who enter the market every day every week And they're looking at a level there a level there and that should become what resistance so That becomes resistance. They're gonna be entering new trades supply Yeah sell trades is supply so within this whole area There should be potentially more supply than demand Who's buying at highs? Yeah, the only reason why you'd be buying at the high would be if you believe fundamentally that this is an absolute bargain at this price Yeah, so fundamentals trump the technicals, but from a technical perspective And we're looking at the supply and demand equation at zones. This is where You should have more supply Yeah orders then demand because again who is Buying at a level of resistance. That's not what's taught technically in a buyer resistance. No one buys a resistance They sell it resistance these guys we know Psychologically and I'm taking advantage because I know that every day every week Right there are traders that are caught in positions and I'm gonna add to the supply and demand equation at this level With that being said Capture pain relief location trading is incorporated into the supply and demand method of trading so the fourth and final step in my process is stop-hunt trading and We have to understand how large financial institutions trade and I want to profit along with the banks because it's their game at the end of the day something like 10 major financial institutions have a market share of Around something like 50 60 percent of the forex market. Yeah, they're the ones. They are the ones that create Price action, they're not buying based off of you know demand or supply in a sense that They're looking at technical analysis. They are the ones that are creating the technical analysis They're the ones that are creating the demand zones They're the ones that are creating the price action the pin bars the engulfing because what are they trading off of if they're creating? That price action then they can't be looking at technicals to make decisions They're looking at something else which again goes back to fundamentals and risk sentiment That's what they're looking at and then they decide what price is a bargain and then what we do as stop-hunt traders And supply and demand traders is understand, you know manipulations Value and then we look to Capitalize and see the telltale signs from the banks and it's not again No, you know terrible conspiracy why stop-hunt trading happens It happens because of iceberg orders slippage and the liquidity relationship which I explain that these things have to happen and if you guys know about for example the accumulation and distribution phase of the of how banks have to Have to trade then You'll understand that The banks can't trade how we trade. Yeah, they cannot trade how the average retail trader trades And it's because let's say for example, they want to be a buyer of The again, I'll just use the same currency pair dollar Swiss. Yeah, it'll be about the Swiss and they have for example a billion 1 billion Pounds or dollars worth that they want to buy At a certain exchange rate, right because remember this is price is important in a sense that we need to understand Value Potential value. Yeah, so this is price on this axis now This 1 billion dollars and we don't know how much for example that they are buying but they're buying in mass quantities If they're looking at value They can't just press buy and then fill This order all in all at one price point. Yeah, because there may not be enough Sell orders because if they look into buy there needs to be what sell orders. They need to be in Like at least 1 billion And it needs to be able to fill 1 billion's worth at whatever price point and price points They want to get involved in so what they do is they Split their order up. Yeah, and what is known as iceberg orders is iceberg orders And if you look on investopedia Type in iceberg orders and it explains exactly what iceberg orders on what is is basically just a case of they have to split It's 1 billion Pounds up into smaller pieces. So for example, they might have to put, you know 10 million here right at that price point. They might have to buy, you know, 20 million here Yeah, this price is maybe coming down At this price point they might buy 30 million here. Yeah, and however long it takes for them To buy Yeah, these are all millions of orders to then fill their one billion dollar order, you know one billion pound order Yeah Is how long it takes now? We don't know, right? But what we do know if we understand fundamentals and if we understand fundamentals and we're trading on the same side as the financial institutions then They are going to be Manipulating the market potentially in a direction that we want to be trading in so for example, we want to be buying dollars so What better place to buy What better place to buy than below market value? So if Prices are creating this range The average retail trader who trades levels and wants to buy at certain areas for example here and Here, what do you think these guys are doing? This is this is an obvious level for all, you know traders to be trading right and if they're buying Where are the sell orders because remember The financial institutions are searching for sell orders in order to Facilitate their buying they need the liquidity Yeah to avoid slippage basically meaning that if they if slippage is where they was to fill their 100 So one billion and if there's not enough liquidity then they may fill some of their one billion pound order Might get filled here some of them I get filled here some of it might get filled here And they're gonna end up moving the market and buying at disadvantageous prices They don't want to do that. They want to buy at the cheapest price possible. So If retail traders are buying at obvious levels of support support Yeah, most you know most retail traders believe that support the more times the level is is touched the stronger It becomes yeah, which is nonsense If they're buying where are their sell orders, right all the sell orders are accumulated below the market Yeah, so For banks, they are searching for sell orders They need to they need to buy in the face of selling so when prices are coming down This is exactly what they're doing. They're taking the opposite side of Traders positions because traders for the price. Yeah, so they're selling selling getting short You have people on the other side of the banks and financial institutions now if there's an accumulation of By orders from traders who trade obvious price action and technical analysis Sell orders, which is what they need and it's at a much cheaper price than what they were buying up here Yeah, that's what they're that's what they're searching for because they need to fill Their boots so what they will do is they will manipulate the market in order to trigger these Stop losses sell orders and once they are triggered they are allowed to then buy an Absolute bargain price. This is the price that they can buy and fill the rest of their Their iceberg order. Yeah, which has been broken down So stop losses are here from retail traders accumulated. They trigger it Stopping these traders out Also that allows them to do what more buying Yeah, when prices come down because at the same time as they trigger the stop losses And the zero some game is in effect. What do you think is happening around here? and in this area Breakout traders are getting in break out traders doing what they're selling selling around here and That's it and as they're selling that allows the financial institutions You understand that they want to be buyers of dollars to do what buy and take the opposite position of The retail trader because they follow price and the banks follow Value yeah, and there are many many many different stop hunts That occur beyond levels and below and above levels of obvious support and resistance Yeah, but this is just one of the setups, you know that I teach and there's a There's a stop hunt candlestick a specific stop hunt candlestick Entry that we look for within this context that allows us to take advantage of the The stop hunt because what we want is the central bank Confluence, you know, that's what we're looking for because we've done our fundamental analysis research. We've done our risk off and risk on research and So of the banks and they understand value and so do we right? We're not following price you know, we're trying to take advantage of the Supply and demand equation and the iceberg orders and manipulations at levels and once we see certain things happen in and around that area there Yeah, that lower area Around here This is where we're looking to take advantage and trade along with the financial Institutions and these stop hunts happen more often than then you think and it happened on all time frames as well So we have three main stop hunt technical Set up entries around this area and what it looks like etc. And what we're looking for to trade alongside the financial institutions so to wrap up We focus on the process always the process First of all stage one. I look at fundamental and sentiment analysis The spreadsheet. Yeah for my forex pair selection and directional bias Number two what I do is I look for supply and demand zones Technical analysis daily and weekly time frames to identify potential value on a price chart Three I look for capture pain relief location Zones right to understand the zero sum game and the supply and demand equation at a price zone and within supply and demand zones and then I will also look for stop hunt trading bank manipulation Confluence of round areas of supply and demand and everything if you notice everything is tied Within, you know the supply and demand Ethos, it's not just okay. You know learning a strategy in five minutes about Valley based drop drop base Valley We are in a market where 80% of traders lose money Right not to mention necessarily break even if you think that you know A Simple technical analysis is going to work and maybe it will make it maybe it won't but if it doesn't work for you And it never worked for me Then maybe you might want to try and go a bit deeper and understand more advanced trading strategies like this. Yeah, and This gives you not only an edge from a fundamental perspective Gives you an edge from a technical analysis perspective from a psychological perspective and from a market manipulation Perspective so we've got pretty much all bases covered and this is my focus On the process and this is my four-step process and this is what I do We can week out. So I hope you have Enjoyed this and I hope you actually have learned something You know, it's not just a again a simple supply and demand strategy if you stuck and stuck to the end By the way, if you stuck to the end, you're probably, you know, maybe again, maybe 20% of people that do stick to the end of videos The other 80% who probably dropped off somewhere are going to continue going around and around chasing it tells an insane Circle unfortunately, but if you are here Well done to you. If you have any questions, please email me at info at trading 180.com and I look forward to your questions or leave a comment in the section box below. Take care guys and Until the next video speak to you soon


Giants have created disturbance among the lands. Multiple incidents of Giants attack have sprouted in a multitude of cities. This is surely more than just a coincidence. Perhaps you could investigate it. Storm King's Thunder is a Dungeons and Dragons adventure that has you travel the entirety of Faerun. This adventure is a rather slower paced one, focusing on an overarching plot but placed no real urgency to solve the issue at hand. While there is certainly a plot, it is one that unfolds days and weeks at a time. You aren't required to travel to locations within a specific time frame and the adventure makes it clear that you are to take your time with unfolding its story. Although slow, make no mistake that trouble is afoot. Follow me as I explore the story that unfolds in Storm King's Thunder. You've been traveling along the High Road for days. As evening approaches, you spot a wooden signpost next to a trail that heads north into the hills. Nailed to the post are three arrow-shaped signs. The two signs marked Waterdeep and Daggerford follow the High Road but point in opposite directions. The third marked Nightstone beckons you to follow the trail. If memory serves, Nightstone is roughly 10 miles up the trail. After following the trail for 10 miles, you hear the ringing of a bell. The sound grows louder as Nightstone comes into view. A river flows around the settlement, forming a moat. The village itself is contained within a wooden palisade, beyond which you see a windmill, a tall steeple, and the high-pitched rooftops of several other buildings. Apart from the ringing of the bell, you detect no other activity in the village. The trail ends before a lowered drawbridge that spans the moat. Beyond the drawbridge, two stone watchtowers flank an open gap in the palisade. South of the village and surrounded by the river moat is a cone-shaped, flat-topped hill on which stands a stone keep enclosed by a wooden wall. The keep, which overlooks the village, has partially collapsed. A wooden bridge that once connected the keep to the village also partially collapsed. Traversing through Nightstone, you find most of the buildings to be destroyed. Those that are left standing are in Astari State, with rocks littering the area. Among the rubbles and ruins are goblins rummaging through the debris for any remaining goods left from the previous tenants. You cross a bridge south of the village to find a rubble-filled keep. Not much remains of the keep, but you can spot a great hall, half of which still remains. Four guards have placed a body atop the shattered remains of an oak dining table and are arguing about the next steps. You approach the figures and they welcome you to their town, apologizing for the unsightly state. Currently, Nightstone is in no condition to house tourists. You question the guards about what happened and they share with you the events that had unfolded. Nightstone was bombarded by rocks dropped from a giant castle in the sky. The keep was cut off from the village when the rock tore away parts of the bridge. With nowhere to hide, the people in the village lowered the drawbridge and fled north. In the event of an attack, the villagers are supposed to retreat to the keep, with the bridge out that was no longer an option. North of Nightstone, about a mile away, are some bat caves. The villagers probably hid there. Several guards stationed in the village fled north with the villagers. Once the villagers had fled, four pale-skinned giants descended from the sky, uprooted a megalith in the village square and took it back to their castle. The cloud castle left soon thereafter drifting eastward. The guards request that you collect the villagers from the caves northward and you agree to do so, taking pity on the unfortunate town. You follow the direction of the guards, heading a mile north. After a bit of walking, you find a gaping cave mouth on the south face of a rocky hill topped with pine trees. Entering the cave, you attempt to rescue the villagers from the goblins that had infiltrated the cave and meet with the villagers that had resided in Nightstone. Due to a lack of a true leader, they had elected a dwarf named Morak to speak on their behalf. He introduces you to the families of the village and recounts the deaths that had occurred to each member and their respective family. This town has certainly encountered a tragic incident. Additionally, you find a goblin named Snigbat who offers freedom to the villagers from the cave in exchange for the death of the current leader of the goblin tribe, Hark. You agree to the ordeal and travel further into the cavern and slay Hark in his lair. In doing so, Snigbat becomes the new leader of the goblin tribe and allows everyone to walk freely back to the village. Once safely back in the village, Morak takes stock of the damage and makes arrangement to deliver news of the giant's attack to Waterdeep. He urges you to travel to one of three locations to relay the news. The locations are Bryn Shander, Golden Fields, and Triborne. After accepting his request, you rest for the night in a rundown inn before embarking on a long journey to the location. As day breaks, you hear an unsettling sound coming from Nightstone and exit the building. You see an enormous tower floating on a billowy cloud a thousand feet overhead. The tower must be hundreds of feet tall and its fire looks strangely like a pointy wizard tack. As the tower drifts closer, stairs made of clouds begin to form underneath it and descend toward you. The villagers are hiding in fear due to the sudden appearance of the tower and you decide to investigate the cloud building. Upon entering the building, you meet an eccentric cloud giant named Zephyros. You introduce yourself to Zephyros and a wide smile settles on the cloud giant's face. He informs you that he has been searching for you through some visions that he has been having. Zephyros believes that you could restore something known as the Ordning. Unsure what to believe, you can tell the giant is well mannered and means well. Zephyros offers to take you anywhere you wish on his cloud castle. Remembering that you were tasked by Morak to travel to one of three towns to relay the information of Nightstone's attack, your request that Zephyros takes you to that location. He gladly agrees and the floor beneath you begins to rumble as the tower lifts into the air, traveling at an alarming speed to the location of choice. You arrive to one of three towns just in time for an unfortunate event. Depending on the town you choose, three varying events will occur but they will all lead to the same outcome, destruction and chaos. The three towns in question are Bryn Shander, Golden Fields and Trivore. Bryn Shander is the largest settlement of ten settlements known collectively as Ten Towns located in the frigid heart of Icewind Dale. During your time here, twelve frost giants come to Bryn Shander looking for Arthas Simber and the Ring of Winter. The town knows of no such person nor ring but giants will not leave without either. They hurl boulders at the city and it leaves you no choice but to eliminate the frost giants before more damage is done. Golden Fields is a huge walled temple farm dedicated to Shantia, the goddess of agriculture. Your time here is one of enlightenment but is short-lived when an army of goblins, ogres, bugbears and hill giants arrive. They raid the farms and search for food but you are able to barely fend off the attack. Eventually the raiders flee with the exception of two hill giants who collectively share a brain cell. These two giants tell you that they were sent to gather food for their boss. When forced to lead the way to their lair, they are much too dumb to find their way home and it seems like your leads end here. The bustling mercantile town of Trivore stands where the long road meets the ever more way. The town is built on flat, fertile land with a few natural rises here and there. You explore the town of travelers until the arrival of fire giants put an end to your tourism. They've come in search of a fragment that once belonged to a dragon slaying construct called the Vonundad. Attempting to dig it up out of the town they lead an army and march in. You defend the town the best you can and eventually they retreat back to once they came. After defending the towns from their respective giants attack you can't help but wonder what is going on. With a few requests gathered from the townsfolk you venture into the savage frontier hoping to find some answers. The savage frontier, also known as the North, is a harsh and untamed wilderness dotted with fortified settlements and the layers of terrible monsters. It is portrayed as a vast, cold and lawless domain that defies all attempts to civilize it. As you travel the lands you stumble upon the city of Everland. Situated on the banks of the Raven River, Everland is one of the North's most active mercantile communities. A thick stone wall encloses the city pierced in five places by gates. Like the spokes of a wheel, broad straight avenues lead from each gate to the bell market at the city's center. Until recently, Everland was a member of the Lord's Alliance. The five leaders who currently comprise the city's council of elders voted three to two in favor of separation from the Lord's Alliance. The decision was touted as an opportunity for Everland to chart its own course, but more educated citizens believed the vote was orchestrated by the Zor family, a group of influential nobles that moved to Everland from Waterdeep over a century ago amid some scandal. The Zors have gained considerable political influence in Everland to the extent that they now have a representative on the council of elders. Entering the city, you explore the streets and stumble upon a prominent edifice known as the Moon Gleam Tower, a keep of black stone. It rises from one of the higher nolls in the city and consists of four narrow cylindrical towers joined together surrounded by a dry moat that can be quickly flooded through a system of cisterns and pumps. This tower serves as a stronghold for an organization that wishes to see balance in the world known as the Harpers. Within the tower, you meet a Harper wizard named Crowan Valhara, along with a multitude of Harper members. Crowan warns you that the sudden appearance of giants poses a grave threat to the balance of power in the north. He has it on good authority that multiple organizations are all taking steps to protect civilization against the giant's depredations. Crowan tells you that the giants and dragons have a long history of conflict, and he suspects that the dragons might somehow be responsible for the giant's uprising, whether directly or indirectly. You explain that you wish to help prevent the uprising of giants from happening, and Crowan grants you the free access to a secret network of teleportation circles that he and his fellow Harper wizards use for travel. He leads you to a circle of chamber in Moon Gleam Tower that consists of a teleportation circle. Crowan tells you that the teleportation circle is one of six that are linked together. The other five are located in Loudwater, Mirabar, Neverwinter, Waterdeep, and Yartar. Each teleportation circle will have an attendant that will help you travel to the other teleportation circle. If you are in need of quick transportation, these teleportation circles will come in handy. Crowan sends you forth back into the north to search for more information and perhaps a way to prevent the giants from destroying the lands. As you exit Everland, Fate brings you in contact with Harshenag the Grim, a legendary frost giant.  He's a giant a few words who prefers to let his action do his talking.  Telling him about your quest to prevent the destruction of civilization from giants, he stares at you sternly before speaking. Harshenag believes that he must consult with higher authority about the events that has been happening. He knows the location of a mountain temple built by his ancient ancestors under the spine of the world. He calls it the Eye of the Allfather. According to giant legend, the temple contains a divine oracle. Harshenag offers to lead you there so that you can consult with the oracle and learn how best to end the giant's threat to the north. You accept his offer and begin your journey to find this mysterious oracle. Guided by Harshenag, you travel to the spine of the world, scaling icy mountains to reach a temple built by giant lords. Within this complex, you find a 40 foot wide naturally formed stone cause weight leading to the entrance of the Eye of the Allfather. With the help of Harshenag, you eliminate some barbarians who reside at the entrance wishing to plunder the temple.  Seven enormous statues dominate the room. The largest of them is an 80 foot tall roped giant. His arms outstretched and his face hidden beneath the stony cowl facing a glowy archway in the east wall. Kneeling in rows to each side of the statue are six statues half its size, each impressive in its own right and depicting a paragon of a type of a giant. These small statues face the bigger one in the room center. In their outstretched arms, five of the giants hold weapons, gifts for the Allfather. Only the frost giant statue is unarmed. Further in the room is an archway that is about 40 feet wide and 40 feet tall. Six different rooms are carved into it, each one inlaid with mithril and a glowing mist fills the archway. Through trial and error, you are able to solve the puzzle of the archway which opens up to a portal connecting to another room. Beyond the archway lies a hexagonal chamber whose walls rise 50 feet before tapering to a 90 foot high apex. Standing in each corner of the room is a life-sized statue of a giant holding up a heavy iron lantern with one arm raised. Each type of giant is represented hill, stone, frost, fire, cloud, and storm. A cold magical light radiates from each lantern, illuminating a giant corpse lying on the floor beneath the shroud of frost in the middle of the room. The corpse looks like it has been here for some time preserved by the cold. Next to the body rests a giant frost-covered morning star. You approach the body which causes the giant's ghost to rise up from the corpse. The spirit introduces himself as Agaron demands to know why you have come. You explain to him the situation of the giants and wish to contact the Oracle. He tells you that etched into the floor is a mithril inlaid circle inscribed with a rune in words. Ask your questions and know the truth. Agaron explains that the rune only has six charges so you must pick your questions wisely. You question the Oracle and it tells you the ordnance between giants have been broken. It was broken by the anim, the Allfather, to rouse the giants from their complacency. In order to stop the giants, you must find a magic conch of the Storm Giant King Hecaton. I'm using it to take you to Hecaton's court where you may root out the evil. The conch is currently in the grasp of one of five evil giant lords. The Oracle reveals the location in which you can find the evil giant lord and obtain the conch. After gathering the information that you need, you leave the archway back into the main room. You hear the crunch of frost under heavy feet as an enormous blue giant burst through the main doors of the temple. A blue dragon has entered. The crepe worm pays no mind to the statues here. Instead, it fixes its hateful gaze on you. Harshnag immediately engages the dragon and pleads with you to flee. Understanding that this valiant sacrifice must not be in vain, you turn your back onto the giant and leave him to fight the blue dragon as you make your way out of the temple and towards the evil giant. Depending on which hint the Oracle has given you, you travel to one of five evil giant lords, Chief Guh of the Hill Giants, Dane Cavalitica of the Stone Giants, Jarl Storvald of the Frost Giants, Duke Xalto of the Fire Giants, and Countess Sensuri of the Cloud Giants. Whichever path you embark on, you defeat the evil giant lord and obtain the magic conch and use it to teleport to Hecaton's court, known as the Maelstrom. You appear atop a glowing glyph carved into the floor of an alcove in the northeast corner of a rough chamber. The moist walls here are covered with bioluminescent lichen, snails, starfish, and barnacles. When you arrive at the chamber, you hear music, a powerful female voice accompanied by the deep haunting tones of a masterfully played pipe organ. The music comes within a spiral staircase. Following the music, you find yourself at a great hall. The room is split into two levels, mimicking that of an auditorium. The acoustics here are excellent to say the least. Barnacle covered pillars of hewn rock rise to meet the vaulted ceiling, and a huge crystal window allows in light that casts beautiful patterns on the walls. Performing in the hall are two female storm giants by the name of Miran and Nim. Miran is singing, and Nim provides instrumentals by tapping on a crab's shell with a pair of whalebone mallets. These sisters are entertaining several visiting giants. The two end their performance when you arrive. The guards quickly interpose themselves between yourself and the two female giants, but Miran orders the guard to stand down so that she and Nim can learn what brings these puny creatures to the court. You tell them of the situation regarding the ordning and you request to end the attack of the giants. The two giants tell you that the current queen of the storm giants, Sarissa, is their sister and is busy searching for a way to fix the broken ordning. You request an audience with the queen, but the sisters look upon you with disgust. Miran instructs the two storm giant guards to escort you to the guest quarters where you are to remain until summoned. You follow the giant guards to a guest room and wait for a while until Miran enters the room and tells you that your request for an audience with Sarissa has been granted. She leads you to a portal chamber where four giant lords wait to ambush you.  You fend off the giants and convince them that your presence in the castle isn't for violence but peace. After winning over the trust of the giants and defeating those who refuse to listen to you, you make your way to the throne room. Maelstrom's throne room resembles an amphitheater. Stone bleachers overlook an oblong chamber with a pool of sweet water near its center. Facing the pool are three enormous thrones. The middle one is carved from a solid chunk of obsidian as four blue dragon skulls affixed to its base and floats one foot above the floor. Sitting upon the throne is Sarissa. Flanking her signs are her two advisors, her uncle Uthor and Imrith, a blue dragon polymorphed as a giant. The queen is alarmed by your presence, thinking you to be an assassin from the information she gathered from her sisters. You tell her that that is further from the truth and inform her of your quest to prevent the giants attack around the world. Sarissa sighs in shame as she apologizes for the accusation. It seems like her sisters, along with many others, have a strong disdain for her smaller beings and orders you to present your case. You detail all that you've learned and your journey moves the queen. She climbs down from her throne and hands you a wooden coin painted with a golden goose insignia. Sarissa tells you that when she was little, her father and mother, King Hecaton and Queen Niri, used to take her on trips to the Sword Coast and the Moonshade Isles where they met small folk who were generous and kind. She believes that giants and small folk can learn to coexist peacefully, though her advisor would disagree. Sarissa has heard news of the death of her mother and father, but believes her father still lives. The wooden coin that she gave you was given to Sarissa by a storm giant who found it near Queen Niri's deceased body. It must belong to the ones who assassinated her. Sarissa believes that the people who murder her mother might also know what has happened to her father and the wooden coin is her only clue. She requests that you investigate what has happened and you accept her request. Protests erupts from Imreth as she disagrees with the decision Sarissa has made.  Sarissa turns to her advisor in disbelief as Imreth just incriminated herself. How could she know that the king has been kidnapped? Suspicious of the advisor, he attacked Imreth and her drugonic form is revealed, that of a blue dragon. She curses you in drugonic and proceeds to declare that all giants and small folk are doomed. Imreth flees through the circular pool in the floor, swimming out of the stronghold. After the mastermind behind the evil is revealed, everyone is on edge as to what is to come. When the nerves settle, Sarissa leads you to a meditation cave where you may teleport to wherever you wish. She wishes you good fortune on your quest and informs you that if you find anything on her missing father, then use the magic conch and come back to the maelstrom. You bid her farewell and use the teleportation magic to travel to the lands of Faerun and find information regarding the coin. You spend the next few days traveling the lands and investigating the strange coin. Through your investigation, you learn that the coin is a gambling chip that belongs to Lord Caspier Dryland of the city Yartar. You travel to Yartar to find an ornately decorated riverboat owned by Lord Caspier called the Grand Dane. Posing as a wealthy noble, you board the ship just as it takes off on a scenic journey through a river. As the ship leaves the port, Lord Dryland emerges from its cabin and greets every guest with a smile and a handshake, offering his favorite handfuls a free gambling chip. As you explore the ship, you stumble upon the reason for the gambling chips, a large cabin transformed into a gambling hall. The centerpiece of the gambling hall is a gold plated wooden sculpture of a goose matching that of your coin. You sneak past the multitude of guards in the area and make your way to Lord Dryland's cabin where you corner him and interrogate the man for information. He surrenders without a fight and reveals that he is a member of the Kraken Society. In addition to revealing his allegiance, he divulges that King Hecaton is a prisoner aboard the Morkoth, a ship that sails around the northern islands of the Trackless Sea. Shortly after he informs you of the whereabouts of King Hecaton, Lord Dryland's eyes widen in terror as a wave of mind-shattering dread attacks the man. He keels over dead, blood running from his nose.  After a bit of time, the ship finally reaches back to the port and you exit the boat, setting your sights on the islands of the Trackless Sea. Using the magic conch to travel to the maelstrom, you rush to the teleportation room and teleport on board the ship of Morkoth.  You arrive onto the deck of the ship at night and find most of the inhabitants to be asleep. Most alarming, however, is the giant, chained to the ship's hold, along with people dressed as cultists surrounding him. You maneuver the ship and stealthily release the giant from his chains. In doing so, the giant awakens and shouts, Lord's Alliance indeed! I'll see your alliance wrecked upon the waves for this treachery. You calm down the giant, mentioning your mission given to you by Sarissa to save King Hecaton. Hearing Sarissa's name, he calms down and identifies you as an ally. The giant and you fend off and fight the cultists on board till none are left. After the battle settles, he turns to you and introduces himself as King Hecaton. He demands to know what is going on, and you fill him in on the state of the giants, his family, and his capture. Skeptical of your words, he insists that the two of you travel back to his home. Using the conch, you teleport to the maelstrom just in time, as a kraken emerges from the water and attempts to destroy the ship. Once back in Maelstrom, King Hecaton is quick to act against the evil that threatens all giants. King Hecaton gathers his army to punish Imreth for her evil actions. The storm giants bear the burden of fighting the dragon, so that you can focus on preparing yourself for the final showdown. Hecaton and Sarissa know that the blue dragons favor desert surroundings, and it doesn't take much of research for them to discover that Imreth has a reputation in the north. They learn that Imreth is an ancient blue dragon known as the Doom of the Desert. She also goes by the name Dragon of statues because she creates living statues to guard her lair. Her lair is a ruined amphitheater half buried in the cold desert sands northeast of Ascor, an ancient abandoned dwarven city. Armed with this information, King Hecaton leaves Sarissa in charge of Maelstrom and sets out with four storm giant party guards to confront Imreth. They look to you with eyes of respect as King Hecaton invites you to join them. You agree and embark on your journey. The storm giants in you ride whales to Whale Bones Island. Once you are within half a mile of Imreth's lair, you dismount and approach on foot. Your long journey ends here, in the desert. A churning cauldron of black clouds fills the sky as thunder peels and lightning flashes. Half buried in the cold dunes is a crumbling amphitheater adorned with statues, many of them broken, the rest worn, smoothed by wind and sand. Two large trebuchets stand atop the ruins, where cheers once rang out across a great city.  King Hecaton leads an attack onto the amphitheater, charging past gargoyles and smashing through walls. The army in you burst through the hole in the ground and enter Imreth's lair, a sand filled tomb with many enemies that fills the halls. King Hecaton declares a challenge towards Imreth and, in her arrogance, emerges from her hiding and lunges at the king. You fend off as many enemies as you can and help the giant king fight the blue dragon. Filled with pride, Imreth fights to the death in an attempt to defend her lair. As blood spills, the blue dragon falls onto the floor and King Hecaton delivers a final blow, killing the dragon. After the battle, you're rolling the death of Imreth forces King Hecaton to admit that he has misjudged the small folk. His beloved wife once told him that if giants and small folk could learn to coexist peacefully and help one another, the world would be better off. Moved by heroism, the king admits that he should have heated his wife's words. Storm giants and small folk can work together to create a better world, free from the tyranny of dragons, he proclaims. King Hecaton vows to honor his wife and you by allying with the small folk against other draconic threats. This, he believes, is the test that Anon the Allfather has thrust upon him and this alliance, he hopes, will restore the ordning as it was. Hello everybody, thanks so much for watching my story overview of Storm King's Thunder. This adventure was a request from my viewers, I decided to make a video on it. The adventure itself is a bit slow towards the beginning but certainly picked up the pace further into the chapters. If you have a request for me to cover any adventures, do let me know. Sorry this video took so long to make, these adventures take a while to read through and I try to isolate the important bits of the story. Sometimes I include a bit of the side stories but I primarily focus on the overarching plot of the adventure itself, so it takes time to identify what is important to the story. If you enjoyed the video, I appreciate a like and subscribe. Thanks!


Just as a combination of factors honestly and then poor decision making in general you know, we've all we've all been the culprit of it You know, maybe Thinking somebody was gonna backdoor and then they didn't or thinking that someone's gonna come up a handoff and they didn't you know Some of those things are to your point familiarity and just like chemistry Was the difference in that end of the second quarter you guys are right there and then just a sequence like that We're able to able to get separation. I think it was a 14-2 run yeah, they they had two big runs and Those are the ones that we we can't afford to have happened other than that Obviously the game was a pretty well fought game especially coming off a nail by like we had last night back-to-back flying in getting in mad late You know, we just those two runs are where the back breakers.  Uh, no, I mean, I don't think there's there's something more there. I mean, I've stated a wonderful job of Hidden shots, you know, there's the NBA.   Oh Extremely impressive, you know, he brings a lot of energy He's a high effort guy. I think everybody's surprised or Pleasantly surprised I guess with the way he's been shooting the ball, which is a huge added bonus but we knew coming in after the training camp that he had that he had a chance to be affected for us and He's just kind of showing you guys what we've been able to see for about a month or so now And coach talked a little bit about the The energy on the second half of back-to-backs and just growing as a team in that regard you mentioned coming in late Which is something outside of your control But was that kind of coach's message in the locker room also just about the type of Coming in late excuse I was just I was just talking about like the sequence of a back-to-back You know to take the next step and be one of the better teams in the league We have to learn how to impose our will on on the other team night in night out Do what we're going to do sticks our principles every single time and You know that's probably the biggest thing and the biggest next step that we have as a unit He was a 10-point game going into the fourth quarter despite what happened in the first half and everything I mean you guys were still right there and then just because it's such a strong team that they can serve in the Final quarter impose their will on you at this at this point because they're the best team Yeah, no, I mean Great, like you said, they're they're a great team, right? I mean I think just like for the next step is art for our team in terms of being a good team You know, it's do we take that 10 point lead at the start of fourth and cut to four You know we're cut to six versus letting that go to 16. You know that that's just the That's the difference in the game. You know, I mean obviously they're a great ball club. I mean They're not the Warriors, you know, I mean like no no offense So yeah, like they're they're a great team, but for us like our next step as a unit is all right guys It's at 10 You know, how do we get this to six in the first two three minutes? You know and make them call the first time I get to four and make them call You know the timeout make them have to readjust and reevaluate and change the the focus the tenor of the game Versus obviously going to 16 or 18 and then they feel like okay. Well 20 point lead in the Fourth quarter like you're not coming you're probably not coming back from now unless you get outrage the hot You know, I mean so I would I would say that's that's more of it


And welcome to the 2 p.m. Update with me David White here at TFNN of course as we Really just taking a big step back and waiting for chairman Powell to make Comments I don't think anybody is going to be surprised when he remains rather Hockish we're down what 10 points on the S&P cash now something like that and Just kind of light and variable NASDAQ of course down a little bit more down and 54 points or so half a percent but probably on hold until then not a lot of reasons to get too excited of course we are on the cusp on the eve of fun Buying but generally not a lot of people wanting to be too brave in front of what Chairman Powell is going to say so it's a lot of hurry up and wait we continue to See some of the bigger techs stocks that have been down for a while like Apple Down another 2% today Microsoft not so bad Dan about half a percent but a lot Of people a lot of reasons for Apple to probably be weak and that probably should Factor in to anybody trading the indexes as they are the biggest single Contributor to all the big indexes the Dow the S&P the NASDAQ the NASDAQ Composite they literally infect everything and it's a hard day to get a market up When Apple is down as I said 2% some of the other ones out there that we're Going to talk about on the show today is Intel they've come out with some new Server chips we'll talk a little bit about that and kind of as AMD used to Be kind of a joke in the server business they did have some business but it Wasn't much Intel only up into about 18 months ago owned about 90% of all Server business I think that's going to change fairly quickly we'll be back in A minute and we'll have go on with the show the reality


Azerbaijan is an example of how to restore Ukraine's territorial integrity, Ukrainian officer. The victory of the Azerbaijani army in the Second Karabakh War in 2020, and the local anti-terrorist measures in 2023, the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Azerbaijan have been restored. Thus, Azerbaijan is the only country in the post-Soviet space that secured its territorial integrity by winning a victory, Ukrainian political analyst and officer Taras Berezovets told Report Agency. He also spoke about the reforms implemented in the Azerbaijan army. Of course, this victory would not have been possible without the reforms carried out in the armed forces over many years. These reforms were implemented consistently. I had the honor of being invited to your country by the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev. As a result, I saw with my own eyes the reforms carried out in the Azerbaijan army. Azerbaijan is also an example of how to restore Ukraine's territorial integrity. After creating an army in accordance with NATO standards, Ukraine should achieve such a military victory. The victory of Azerbaijan, which is Ukraine's strategic friend, is undoubtedly great news for us and I congratulate everyone on this occasion.


So how about metaphysical determinism for the human well? Cause and effect, everything in the mind has a physical correlate, you've told us.  So our minds are fully determined? Well, you didn't say yes. Yes, well, they may not be for any practical purpose determined in the sense that there may be processes that are chaotic, that are non-linear, where some ions zig instead of zag because of Brownian movement or maybe even quantum phenomena. And as a result, the whole system might behave in one way or another. That is physically determined, but for all practical purposes random, it may be so complex that it might be like the weather taken to several higher degrees that in theory perhaps Laplace's demon would be able to tell us what each of us will do next. But some things that are true in theory are so mind-bogglingly complicated that they may as well not be true in theory. So yeah, I don't think there's any miracle that goes on in the brain when we make a decision. In that sense, we're determined, on the other hand, there is so much unpredictability or non-linearity that for all intents and purposes we're not determined.


To the basketball court, Brainerd boys taking on St. Michael Albertville. The Warriors trailing 27, 23 going to halftime, but they came back hot. Joey Sauer sinks the three to bring back Brainerd's momentum. This is an example followed by Brandon Berger with the assist from Michael Russell. Excuse me, and the Warriors kept it going as Chris Carroll gets this bucket in. And then it's Carroll's again here with the three to keep Brainerd in this game. However, they would end up falling tonight by a final of 61.55 to St. Michael Albertville. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Hi everyone, Joe here for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2023 hip parade baseball edition. Jaspys exclusive. Six box, random team break number two. A lot of nice potential, a lot of nice hip potential we can pull out of here. There's one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 10 things on the sell sheet. My guess, we only have 10 cases of this. My guess is there's one of these per case. So just keep track of that as we go along. Full disclosure, break one, we pulled that Otani, Ginter Chrome Otani already. All right, let's see what we get out of here. Now guess what? There's no randomizer between, because Carl got all the spots. Saving me a lot of trouble at the end of the night, Carl, thanks. He bought 12 full spots here, got all the spots in the filler, and then bought the last nine spots again. Making my life easy, thanks Carl. Appreciate ya. So, there it is. Little Jaspy's Hit Parade collaboration here. There's an Instagram edition too, at Jaspy's Rakes, on Instagram live only. Different version. Those boxes are, just individual boxes, not in a case like this. On YouTube, we've got more of this. We got a basketball one, we got a hockey one, and of course, we got a baseball one as well. Next one is posted already. Good luck, Carl. Let's see what we got in here for ya. Shipping and sorting teams, I'm gonna love this too. Saves them a lot of trouble. All right, first one out of the gate is gonna be Christian Yelich. Not sure what that's from with that border right there. Two out of five though, nice. Anyone know what set this is from? Look, Carl. All aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! Oh, it's from Gilded. I don't think I did any of that Gilded, by the way. I think that was, that one came out on like a Friday and then it was all sold out by the time I got here on a Saturday. All right, next one for Carl is, is a book, Letter Plus Autograph Relic book. Wow, Albert Pujols. A one of one. Another one for Carl. All aboard the Big Hit Express. Woo-hoo! All right, we got a graded card. It's Manny Machado, PSA-10. From 2022, National Treasures Baseball. Six out of 49, Jersey and Otto. For Carl, he bought out the case. Sorry, camera. Next one is, is Ronald Acuna Jr., 11 out of 99. Nice on-card autograph. From 2019, Tribute Baseball. All right, next one for Carl is another graded one, Carl. And it is PSA-10 Max Muncie, A's edition of Max Muncie, Prospect Max Muncie. Not Major League or Max Muncie. Although they both have the same birth date. Think like 10 or 15 years apart though. You know, the A's actually drafted Dodgers Max Muncie. They're like, we're not gonna miss out on the next Max Muncie. All right, sixth and final for Carl. Thank you for getting all the spots, sir, appreciate it. The last one is gonna be Julio from Obsidian Baseball. Julio Rodriguez, nice. 65 out of 99, 2021 Chronicles Obsidian Baseball. Nice one, Carl. Thanks for getting in. I'm Joe for jashbyscaserace.com. I'll see everyone else next time. Bye-bye.