Welcome to the eighth lecture in the course Engineering Electromagnetics. As you can see on the overhead projector, the topics for discussion today are velocities of wave propagation and the second topic is transmission line charts. Coming up the first topic that is the velocities of wave propagation, we introduced last time the concept of phase velocity and we obtained an expression for phase velocity as vp equal to omega by beta with omega and beta having their standard meanings. For a signal with a single frequency sinusoid, the interpretation of vp is straight forward. It represents the velocity with which an observer must travel to keep pace with the constant phase point. An observer who wishes to remain on a constant phase point must travel with the velocity vp that is omega by beta. However, when we consider signals with arbitrary shapes, one immediately realizes that there could be problems. What kind of problems? Of course, a signal with an arbitrary shape can be decomposed using the Fourier analysis into its component sinusoidal frequency components. It would be consisting of number of frequency components and each of these frequency components could in principle have a different value of the attenuation constant and different value of the phase velocity. The simplest situation would be that alpha, the attenuation constant which in general is a function of omega is constant for all frequency components. That is what we mean by constant here and the phase velocity which also in general is a function of frequency or omega is constant. If these two simplifying conditions are satisfied, then no matter how long the transmission line, no matter how much distance the signal travels on the transmission line, the signal shape will be faithfully reconstructed at the other end. So, these two conditions we associate with the faithful reconstruction. Those who are interested in music would also consider it as a final system. The input signal is faithfully reconstructed at the output. Now, these considerations are not new. This kind of considerations we have been making in the context of filters, amplifiers, etcetera also. And we say that the amplitude response should be constant with frequency and instead of velocity we have been saying that the phase response should be linear with frequency and we will see shortly how a constant phase velocity translates into a linear phase response. So, these are not new considerations. Anyway, if these conditions are not satisfied that is either of these, the attenuation is not constant as a function of frequency or the phase velocity is not constant with frequency. What is going to happen? One can see fairly easily that the proportion in which the various components started with that is going to be disturbed at the output end depending on the distance travelled on the transmission line. And there may appear relative time delays between each of these components. In general one would say that if these conditions are not satisfied the signal is going to be distorted. That is the original shape is not going to be faithfully reproduced. The system will lose fidelity and as I said this distortion we have been concerned with in many other systems. And we will be concerned with this in transmission lines and wave guides as well. When the attenuation is not constant or the amplitude is not constant with frequency we have been calling it the amplitude distortion. And similarly when the second condition is not satisfied we have been calling it the phase distortion. The second condition is given a special name in this context and it is called dispersion. Dispersion now one can define is the phenomena in which the various frequency components travel at different phase velocities. An immediate result of dispersion would be distortion. But as one can see dispersion is not the only cause of distortion. It is one of the two causes of distortion. When did we first come across this phenomenon named dispersion. This was introduced by Newton through a simple experiment in which he passed white light through a prism. And this is the incident white light. And upon refraction the white light decomposed into its various components. The colors of the spectrum and what was the reason for this decomposition. One could consider the law satisfied by the or obeyed by the phenomenon of refraction Snell's law. Let us say these are media 1 and 2 with corresponding permittivities as epsilon 1 and epsilon 2. Let the angle of incidence be theta 1 and the angle of refraction let us say for one of these be theta 2. And then we write Snell's law saying that sin theta 1 upon sin theta 2 is equal to the ratio of the phase velocities in the two media. Therefore, it becomes v p 1 by v p 2 and since the phase velocity is related to the permittivity and permeability. And we are dealing with non magnetic media here. So, mu is mu naught and therefore, this ratio turns out to be square root of epsilon 2 by epsilon 1. And because v p 2 or by the same token epsilon 2 are not constant with frequency. Therefore, the angle of refraction is different for different frequency components thereby causing a separation of incident white light into its various constituent colors. One kind of distortion one could say the original signal is not faithfully reproduced here. Now, while this may appear interesting to us at the moment in many other situations this kind of distortion is going to be only troublesome and is not going to be acceptable. In general the phase velocity would not be constant with frequency and as we shall see the attenuation constant is also not going to be constant with frequency. And therefore, in general some amount of distortion caused by these two factors is going to be present. Having said this it is very interesting to consider some condition that one could mathematically derive or mathematically verify where these two conditions are satisfied by an appropriate choice of the transmission line parameters. In which case even in the presence of attenuation one could perhaps have no distortion all right. And that condition fortunately exists it is called the distortion less condition or it is also called the heavy side condition after the scientist who first proposed it. What is it that we require for no distortion? We require that these conditions should be satisfied that is alpha and v p should be constant with frequency. Now, this distortion less condition or the heavy side condition states that if R by L is equal to G by C you can recognize R L G C these are the distributed parameters of the transmission line resistance per unit length inductance per unit length etcetera. So, if they satisfy such a relationship then alpha and v p turn out constant with frequency. It would of course, be interesting to start from this requirement and then end up with this condition, but here we go the other way round assuming that such a condition holds good we show that this condition or these two conditions are satisfied. What would be the starting point? The starting point would be the expression for the propagation constant gamma. What is the expression for the propagation constant? For the general transmission line it is R plus j omega L into G plus j omega C whole square. Now, we take out the factors j omega L and j omega C common that will give us j omega square root of L C here and then we will be left with 1 plus R by j omega L into 1 plus G by j omega C whole square root. However, if this condition is satisfied then the two terms within the brackets are identical and therefore, it can be rewritten as j omega square root of L C into we can retain either of these terms say into 1 plus R by j omega L. One can multiply through and one can see that this is going to be R by square root of L by C plus j omega square root of L C. So, that alpha which in general is a function of frequency or in general can be a function of frequency is simply R by z naught and what is beta? Beta is omega square root of L C. So, that what is the corresponding phase velocity v p omega by beta and we find that v p is 1 by square root of L C and this is without any approximation this kind of relations for phase shift constant and the phase velocity we obtained for lossless transmission lines or for low loss transmission lines, but under the low loss approximation these were approximations. Now, when this condition is satisfied these are exact expressions and even in the presence of losses and we cannot restricting the losses to be small. This is the expression for the phase shift constant and this is the expression for the phase velocity and we see that in particular alpha is independent of frequency and the phase velocity is also independent of frequency and therefore, on such a transmission line whatever the original signal shape it will be faithfully reproduced without distortion. One can also make out the phase behavior being linear being associated with no distortion the phase shift constant is linearly changing with frequency. In amplifiers and filters we are we stop here that is the amplitude response should be constant with frequency and the phase response should be linear with frequency. Since we are specifically talking about wave propagation and the time delay effects we normally say that the phase velocity should be constant with frequency. Now, this observation has a very important application. Now, it should be clear that the effect of distortion will be more and more pronounced as the length of the transmission line keeps on increasing and what would be the longest transmission lines that you can imagine. You know we lay trans oceanic cables for the purpose of telecommunication which would be thousands of kilometers long and in general the attenuation and the phase velocity will not be constant with frequency and they will be considerable amount of distortion. But if we make sure that this distortion continuous condition r by l equal to g by c is satisfied then one will have done away with the distortion in this idealized consideration. We will have a little more to say about this later on. What happens on such long transmission lines is that the inductance falls short of satisfying this condition. There is a certain resistance even when we use good conducting materials for constructing the cables and there is a certain conductance associated with the dielectric material and a certain capacitance associated with the geometry of the transmission line. So, for those parameters it is the inductance l which comes out to be less compared to the value required for satisfying this condition and therefore, one uses a regularly placed or periodically placed loading coils to make up for this short fall in the value of the inductance and to ensure that r by l becomes equal to g by c. In the beginning it appeared an excellent idea to lay trans oceanic cables and to connect continents for the purpose of telecommunication, but the quality was not satisfactory and therefore, this was a great improvement in the quality of telecommunication. Now, we have digressed a little to go into the ideas the concepts of distortion and we have seen how dispersion contributes to distortion and how distortion can be eliminated in principle on transmission lines, but we were starting we started with the concept of the velocities of wave propagation. So, when we do have a group of frequencies constituting the signal then what will be the velocity we will associate with that group of frequencies that consideration still remains. In general they will travel at different phase velocities so what will be the velocity that we will associate with such a group of frequencies that is what we return to now and for this purpose one talks about what is called the group velocity. The concept of group velocity helps us in identifying a single velocity value for a group of frequencies. However, this group of frequencies must not have frequencies which are widely separated as long as the frequency components within this group are close by we can associate a unique velocity of propagation with this group of frequencies. How that can be done is shown in the following. Let us say that we have frequency components which are omega naught minus delta omega and omega naught plus delta omega. We considered two frequency components in the group that we have taken for illustration and the frequencies are only slightly separated as a percentage of the center frequency is a very small percentage. Now, we further assume that these frequency components travel with different phase velocities phase shift constants and let the phase shift constants be beta naught minus delta beta and beta naught plus delta beta. If one had a signal with frequency omega naught traveling with a phase shift constant beta naught how would it be represented on the transmission line as a signal varying with time and as a signal varying with the distance along the transmission line and the expression we have been using is sin of omega naught t minus beta naught z. We have seen that this kind of expressions satisfy the wave equation for voltage or current on the transmission line and they represent propagating waves waves propagating in the positive z direction considering that particular direction of propagation for illustration. Accordingly these two components would also travel as follows it will be sin of omega naught minus delta omega t minus beta naught minus delta beta z. This is how the first component would look like as a wave traveling on the transmission line. Similarly, the second component would be written as sin of omega naught plus delta omega t minus beta naught plus delta beta. Now, we recombine terms in a particular manner so that it reads as sin of omega naught t minus beta naught z minus delta omega t minus delta beta z. That is how the first component is rewritten the argument is rearranged and the second component is rearranged in a similar manner to read as omega naught t minus beta naught z plus delta omega t minus delta beta z. Now, these are two sin terms with arguments reading as a minus b and a plus b and therefore, these can be easily combined to give us twice sin of omega naught t minus beta naught z and then cosine of delta omega t minus delta beta z. Mathematically, this is how far we reach this of course, is the high frequency term and compared to this the second term is a low frequency term because we have considered that delta omega is small. Now, which of these terms contains the effect of the frequency spread in the signal it is the second term which contains the effect of the frequency spread in the signal and the spread in the phase shift constant and that as you can make out is acting as a low frequency envelope of the entire signal. Now, since this is the second it is the second term which is containing the effect of the frequency spread if one now sits at a constant phase point on this low frequency envelope and the velocity with which one has to travel for that purpose then that can be associated as the velocity of this group of frequencies. So, on the envelope if we try to keep delta omega t minus delta beta z as constant similar to what we did for arriving at the phase velocity for a single frequency sinusoid and try to find out the velocity with which an observer will have to travel to maintain this condition we will have d z by d t equal to delta omega by delta beta or in the limit when delta omega and delta beta become very small we will be able to write d z by d t as d omega by d beta and since this velocity is related to the characteristics of the group in some sense this is called the group velocity and given the symbol v g all right. Now, in general on transmission lines the phase velocity remains more or less constant with frequency and then the concept of group velocity is not required to be invoked since all frequency components are travelling with more or less the same velocity and that becomes the velocity of a group of frequencies as well. But on wave guides typically the phase velocity is not constant with frequency and one has to talk about the group velocity when we require the concept of group velocity or when the phase velocity is not constant with frequency these things can be seen very easily on what is called an omega beta diagram which is very simply a plot between the phase shift constant beta and the radiant frequency omega and as I just said on transmission lines the omega beta diagram is quite straight forward since they could be waves travelling in two different directions on a transmission line we have two branches in the omega beta diagram with equal slopes and these are more or less straight lines and one can see that whether one calculates the phase velocity at a particular frequency by omega by beta or one calculates the group velocity by d omega by d beta it will come out to be the same that is a very strong advantage with transmission lines, but they have their own limitations. On wave guides on the other hand the omega beta diagram looks like this this is the typical omega beta diagram on the kind of wave guides rectangular wave guides that we are dealing with in the laboratory and one can see that the phase shift is not constant with frequency and there is going to be a different value of the group velocity at different points. So, this is just an aid to the consideration of the various velocities if you have any questions at this point of time we can take those otherwise we move on to the next topic. Having said these things about the velocities of propagation we now go on to consider the second topic for today and that is the transmission line charts. You have done some calculations regarding the input impedance at different points on a transmission line and the calculations are fairly complex. It is true that with the modern calculators these calculations can be handled quite conveniently, but there was a time when such calculators were not available and also the calculators do not provide any physical insight into the problem what is really happening. Now these two problems can be resolved can be eased out by using what are called transmission line charts and now we shall try to see how one such transmission line chart can be evolved. We start with the familiar expressions for voltage and current on a transmission line. So, that V is V naught plus e to the power minus j beta z plus V naught minus e to the power plus j beta z and the voltage at some distance z equal to minus l from the load is going to be V naught plus e to the power j beta l plus V naught minus e to the power minus j beta l which can be written as V naught plus e to the power j beta l into 1 plus rho e to the power minus e to the power minus 2 j beta l where rho is V naught minus upon V naught plus. We could generalize the expression for rho or the interpretation for rho the reflection coefficient by writing this as V minus upon V plus at l equal to 0 or at the load impedance. This is how we have been defining the reflection coefficient. Similarly, we can write the expression for the current at the same location at which we have written the expression for the voltage and that is going to be 1 by z naught V naught plus e to the power j beta l minus V naught minus e to the power minus j beta l and therefore, can be written as V naught plus by z naught e to the power j beta l into 1 minus rho e to the power minus 2 j beta l z naught here is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. So, that the input impedance at this location z equal to minus l is the ratio of V and i at this location and this is turns out to be z naught times 1 plus rho e to the power minus 2 j beta l upon 1 minus rho e to the power minus 2 j beta l quite straight forward. Next we introduce some new symbols. So, that we can refer to this expression in a compact manner. We say that let small z be the ratio of the input impedance and the characteristic impedance. There is a standard terminology used for this. Let small z be the normalized input impedance. Also, we let a new symbol rho l be introduced which is equal to 0 rho times e to the power minus 2 j beta l. What is the relationship between rho l and rho whereas, rho represented the reflection coefficient at the load at l equal to 0 that is where the load is connected. This will represent the reflection coefficient at some other point on the transmission line. So, this one could say it is the reflection coefficient that is V minus upon V plus at z equal to minus l taking into account the phase shifts of the incident wave and the reflected wave. In terms of these two new symbols we have z equal to 1 plus rho l upon 1 minus rho l where the interpretation of rho l and z has already been mentioned. Correspondingly, one could also have rho l equal to z minus 1 upon z plus 1 and without much difficulty one can correlate this or see the correspondence of this new expression with the expression for the reflection coefficient that we have been using for some time now. It is just that we are using normalized impedances here and the reflection coefficient at some distance from the load. Now, these are both complex quantities. So, they can be written as r plus g x the real part being the normalized resistance and the imaginary part being the normalized reactance. Similarly, rho l could also be written as a real part and an imaginary part and mathematically one could consider either of these two expressions as a transformation from one complex plane to the other or as a mapping of one complex variable on to the other. One can consider some specific or typical values to see what this mapping looks like. What is this expression transformation amounting to? We consider the complex z plane on one hand and represent it as follows and for passive components, passive circuits r greater than 0 greater than or equal to 0 will be the region of this complex plane which will be applicable. On the other hand the complex rho l plane can be represented in terms of the real and the imaginary axis u and v. Now, one can consider some typical values. The first point that we consider is let us say a and let the value of a b r equal to 1 and x equal to 0. It would be plotted somewhere here depending on the scale. This is point a. Can you recognize this particular value of impedance? This is the normalized resistance equal to 1 and the reactance is 0. So, this is equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. What kind of reflection coefficient do we expect for this? It should be 0 which is what you would get if you substitute this value of z real and imaginary parts in this expression and we get the corresponding point a here as u equal to 0 and v equal to 0. This is point a. Next one could consider the point at infinity which will correspond to an open circuit. One can see that this will map on to a point which is u equal to 1 and v equal to 0 that is some point here. One can also consider the short circuit point c with r equal to 0 and x equal to 0 and without much difficulty one makes out that it will map on to a point where u is minus 1 and v is 0. One can consider other points also. For example, a point d with r equal to 0 and x equal to 1 that is a point here. So, z is equal to j for this point and the corresponding point on the complex real plane is u equal to 0 and v equal to 1. This is point d and in symmetry with this if we consider a point e with x equal to minus 1. We will see that it maps at u equal to 0 and v equal to minus 1 that is a point. Now, in fact we have considered a fairly large range of points on the r greater than or equal to 0 complex z plane. You could consider some other point also and you would find that all points map on to or within a circle of radius rho l equal to 1. That is within this circle lie all the points corresponding to the r greater than or equal to 0 portion of the complex z plane which should have been expected because the magnitude of rho is less than or equal to 1. So, this is nothing new. Now, this mapping or this transformation becomes the basis of a very popular transmission line chart which is what we shall take up next time. So, in today's lecture we have discussed two topics. One is the velocities of the wave propagation. We introduce the concepts of phase velocity and group velocity and we have seen their role in distortion. We also introduce the phenomenon of dispersion and then we went on to consider the basis of a particular type of transmission line chart. Thank you.


Good morning, Cybertraders! Happy Friday on this 24th of August! Hopefully everyone's enjoying this summer. Looks like a lot of people already started taking a little off. Not really, not that many. I figure attendance would be a hell of a lot lower, but my God, everyone's like, what else are we going to do, right? Good to see you too, Gene, Mark. Good to see you, Craig, Ken. Good to see you, Steve, Neil, good to see you, Wendy, Grant. Hey, Grant, you know what? I'm not kidding around, but I really hope that gold does go back to the 1600. I do own it at 16. You know what's pretty funny? A lot of people don't realize that you watch these commercials on TV, and everyone keeps preaching about, like, buy silver, buy silver, rosalind gold. You see these commercials, and it's like, I can't tell you how many times I'm watching it, and then buy gold, you're safe, this and that. And do you realize the spread that's on gold? People realize that when you're talking about gold's up $3, $5, $10. Do you know what the spread is? If you've got a good deal with Spot, anyone have any idea? I mean, everyone keeps talking about it. That's right. I don't know, Mike, it's a little bit more than that. They never tell you that, but depending who's going to sell to you. But I think it's almost like $40. You're saying $20? I think it was like $40 almost. You see, that's the beauty about what you understand about the stock market, is that when you train, and the big thing we teach you in phase one, is that before you ever get into a position, you're already losing. So if you bought gold, you've got to remember, you're not buying it at Spot, whatever it's at, $1,200, whatever it is. You're buying it at $1,240, and it's got to go $1,240 just for you to break even. So always, always remember that. Well, once again, some people like to just... It's a tangible item, you know what I mean? Like silver, like I own a ton of silver. I made a killing, I always tell you the story I used to play on Christmas time, giving out silver coins to all my family, all the little kids, and I bought silver, not knowing I paid $13 and I went to $50, if you guys remember that one, and they paid them $50 the year after, and the kids were like, I was teaching them, it's a great little lesson. You always want to teach your kids good lessons about making money, especially they're beautiful coins, but they're cheap. But anyway, spread on that was like also like $1, $2, whatever it is. Anyway, so that's my gold story, but let's get right into it, guys. Today is Friday, it is absolutely beautiful, not a cloud in the sky. Let's hope everyone... I know we had a couple of students here from Hawaii, hopefully you guys are batching, hopefully you guys are going to be safe out there. I know a hurricane's coming there, but listen, some of us don't feel I've worn any internet, it's like we all work together like a team and you don't realize that sometimes the weather affects us all over, but the reason why we bring up New York is because this is the financial capital of the world, a lot of traders are here, and what happens with that, a lot of people are going away, and it's going to be like this, going into this week and going into next week too. I think it's going to be really, really slow next week, especially going into Labor Day, so just be prepared. But there are companies coming out with good news. I mean, you heard what's going on with a lot of like Walmart and Target and all of them. They're killing it, people are going back to the stores. Everybody's thought that retail was dead, brick and mortar was dead. They're killing it, they're killing it, rates are doing great. By the way, I'm really looking forward to see the earnings announcements on BJs. BJs is on the 28th, because that's an IPO and you know we own that. But guys, how did BJs do yesterday?  Falstow flag, everything broke all-time highs, you know. So anyway, a lot of good stuff going on and so we're going to check that out. But anyway, let's get right into it. That was one of our big winners. Let's get right into what's going to happen here Friday morning. We all know how to trade a Friday morning. Remember, when it comes to Fridays, you know, you're going into a weekend.  I got to drop off my first born at college and kind of freaking out. My wife too. It's kind of going to be tough on us, you know, to lose a child, you know, going to school, but we're very proud of it. But that's what it is, is what it is. I told you guys that story yesterday. But anyway, by that happening, it's, you know, it's not always the busiest days on a Friday. We always get a good action on Friday afternoons. But you know what, there's a couple of things that are moving this morning. And we're going to check them out. First of all, the AMD trade, I mean that one has been popping, you know. And remember that we learned in class to be a good swing trader and a good option trader, you got to know how to day trade. And this stock has been treating us very well on a swing trade. AMD, look at that. It finally broke out. You know, stock has been stale here for a long, long time. And now it's finally making a big move. And the only reason why we know that is because we've been watching it over the course of the day. You know, that's how you figure do I want to swing trade the stock? You know, we don't like to swing trade because the problem is still about money management. You type, you're buying power.  Remember one of the biggest slogans I used to go by. I want all of you guys to know is cash is king. Okay.  You know, what are you liquid for?  I'm going to the next guy. It's got cash. Cash is king. And the problem is when you swing trade, you're not, you're not, you're not liquid and then that hurts you.  Let me, you know, let me put it here. Let me put it there on a swing trade, which, you know, actually coming up with our swing trading course is coming up in the next month or so. So we'll keep you up to date. But anyway, it's been a great day trade, but a phenomenal swing trade. And by the way, also with the BJs trade. I'm doing great on that swing trade also. I think I don't have the AMD. I know some of you do. I'm actually in the BJs. All right. Yeah, I know. I'm going to talk about that Benito, that other IPO. I got that on my list too. The TRLY been doing phenomenal also. That was another big winner. We're going to check that out in a little bit. MDXG, another one that's been making on the watch list. Stock took a big hit from 16 all the way down to about the three. It's been moving up nice and quietly. Great iceberg orders there on the matrix. Got a lot of decent orders. It kind of like phased out in pre-market though.  You know, went to about $4.95. And now it's traveling at $4.65, which is okay. I'm going to keep an eye on it. So we've seen these things pop from nowhere. So that one's going to make the watch list. SSC, my God. That has been unbelievable. That's been treating us very, very well. We've been trading that stock at $2 a couple of days ago. We're at the $4. Look, she's gapping up big time right now. That probably is one of my favorites. Look at those orders. Look at those big block orders on the offer. Look at those seller orders. Let's see if they get executed. Right now, they're holding the resistance levels right there. This is the resistance right there. You got the resistance right there. That's the resistant guy right there that's holding it. If he gets executed following that time in sales, bam, we learned a very valuable lesson on how to utilize time in sales and big iceberg orders. And that's what we're looking for. The high-frequency trades are what make these things come to fruition. Next one, CRON is on the watch list. This one has been trending a lot nicer. Higher highs, nice little push at $9.19. It's going to probably test this resistance levels right around here. Once again, great iceberg orders. Not a huge, 70%. Half a million shares already traded. It's got great, great movement. Great trend. That one's doing great. Ben brought up the T-L-R-Y. That also has been a great, great swing trade. That was an IPO that we've been trading. And once it broke out of that 26, look where it went. Went all the way to 40. It's breaking all-time highs. This stock is doing incredible. What does it do? Why is it up?  Remember, this looks exactly like the IQ trade that we traded on the IPO. T-R-L-Y doing phenomenal. Just like SONO. We did well on SONO. SONO was a great IPO. A lot of IPOs. I don't believe how many are coming out. But remember, all of you fellow traders out here, to be a good stock trader, to trade IPOs, remember, you've got to be a minimum of a level 2 cyber trader. So be careful on these positions. A couple of stocks out. Two other stocks I want to talk about. I think it's this one. Oh, spelt it wrong. What was it right here? I had one more stock I wanted to bring up. Why am I... Oh, that's it. The S-U-P-V. S-U-P-V, let's keep an eye on this one. The stock is getting pretty hit.  I want to keep an eye on that. You know what the big news is today? Here I'm talking about so much about brick and mortars. You know, GAP is getting killed. By the way, who shops at GAP anymore? Anyone shop at GAP?  Anyway, it's a GPS. Was that the one? Is that it? GPS, is that the symbol? I think that's it, right? Is that GAP? Yes, right? Yeah, that's GAP stores. Anyway, GAP is taking a little bit of a hit also right here. You know, listen, I don't want to throw my two cents in it. It's not important. It's irrelevant, you know what I mean? But at the end of the day, we're here to make money, so if it does trend down, I mean, there's buyers coming in right now, but if it does trend down, it could be a nice short too. It looks like it's still got some room to break down right here. Alright, anything I'm missing that I missed out? Charles said, ETSY popped, but no volume. Yeah, no, good call right there. Well, it's got decent volume. 100,000 shares already traded. No real clear trend though there, Charles, but and also the spread's pretty big too, so let's be cautious on that one. Alright, Wayne says the JNUT, we've done really well with these ETFs. Was it the JNUG? Alright, there we go. We've done really well, but they've been taking some big hits lately, these gold ETFs, but once again, as of right now, I think we should keep focused on the ones that give us less risk, more reward. Right now with these stocks, you know these are second protocol. Anyone, anything I missed I did not call out? I think we've got a pretty decent list right here. AMD, we've got the BJs, we've got the MDXG, we've got a lot of them here. We've got a lot of good stocks that are moving. Alright, anything I'm missing? Alright, good. So anyway, that's our watch list. Listen, if I don't see you guys here in the afternoon, you have a phenomenal weekend. See you back here next week. Take the money and run. If you do well, just go out there, take your profit and go because you can lose it just as quickly. That's what you taught in class. This is what we preach every day. And remember, this is, when we're in the cyber group room, when we're trading in the trading room right now, this is all about working together like a team. So, this is not an educational class. Don't get me asking questions. Why is this up? Why is this down? Talk to Education Advisor, do your coaching, go to the classroom, watch your videos, do it over the weekend, because when September comes around, like I told you, and I repeat this a thousand times over, September and October and November, you trade those three months. You could make enough money in those three months to pay off the whole year.  But you got to learn now. Don't learn at the best times of the trade. Learn when on the quiet time, which is now. Guys, good luck today. Happy trading. And thank you very much, Nancy, for that. It's going to be a little tough, but it's going to be emotional, but we'll get through it. I always got you guys to fall back on, right? All right, everybody, good luck today. Happy trading.


Hello everyone, in this video, I will be talking about teachcology.ai. So, teachcology.ai is a new generative AI tool to help educators and lecturers to not only plan for the lesson, but also curate suitable materials and design the assessment part. Let's explore this. So, you go to teachcology.ai, it's quite easy to remember, teachcology, right, and then get started for free. And you can sign in using Office 365 or Google. And immediately you will see this, all right. And of course, I have some done with me. Now, the thing is, it's free at the moment with some limitation of the credit that you have to use whenever you use the robot. The idea here is, teachcology has several features where every time you use it, you will take up the credit for the robot to be used. So, if you click here, you will see that. It says here, once you exit the limit, your robot will need to rest, or you can upgrade to a stronger robot to get going again. So, I think it's fine because you don't really need to use this like non-stop. You can use it for a while, stop and then continue again maybe tomorrow, right. So, what I like the most about this is that you can plan your lesson, you can build your assessment, you can even design courses or you need to work and of course, curate some relevant materials. So, if I click to plan a lesson, all I have to do is to come up with a topic. If I have nothing in mind at all, let's say I want to come up with a new topic or I have a topic but I have nothing in mind like I don't have any learning outcomes or whatsoever, I can just give a title like this. I'm going to use this as example, Introduction to Magnets and Melodism. So, if you have your own outcome, you can plus here, right, meaning you can add your own outcome. For example, you can take it from your existing course outline or course objective, then you can put it here. If you don't have it, you're going to put some keywords here that you want them to focus on or you want ecology to focus on, then you will generate some sample outcome. I'm going to leave it open because later on, after it's generated, then we can pick whatever we want. And then this is what I like. You can pick the approach you can choose between inquiry-based learning, direct instruction and also project-based learning. So, inquiry-based learning is quite similar because it's a big term or umbrella term to cover problem-based learning, challenge-based learning and also all sorts of inquiry-based type of learning approaches. So, pick the language and then if, by the way, if you have any material that you want to upload, you can upload it here. Means it will consider your material. For example, your slides or your notes and whatsoever, you can upload it here. Then it will consider those in the process of designing the lesson for you. Let's say I'm going to leave it off. I'm going to create the Generate Lesson Draft now. It will draft it for you. It's draft at the moment, it's not finalized. And you can see I have skipped the content part. If you don't want, you can upload whatever you want. Then it will take about two minutes and you know. So, once it's ready, this is what I like. It gives you the description. You can go through the description whether it's suitable to what you want. If you don't want, you can edit accordingly. And also amazingly, the outcomes are aligned according to Bloom Taxonomy. You can see the level here. Create, apply, understand, analyze, remember, understand, so on. But if you don't like this, you just click Edit Outcome and you can remove or change. Let's say I'm going to remove this. I'm going to remove this as well. And you can give coding. If you have existing coding within your curriculum or within your courses or your course outline, you can do it. For example, I understand. I'm going to put it as C2 maybe or C1 and so on. You can change this if you don't like it. Then you can even add your own outcome. Let's say I don't want to do this. I'm going to leave it open. Then it will suggest some activities here. Right. This is what I like. It will give you suggested activities. You can go through, if you like it.  So it's aligned directly with the learning outcomes or the objective here. So you don't have to feel like you're going to lose out the mapping. All right. You can also pick the skills or the skills that you want it to be the focus for every activity that it's, you know, suggesting. Like if you don't want that ability, you can remove. All right. So you can go on. You can see there's so many here, so many brilliant ideas that you can use. Right. If you like it, you just save changes. Then what I like the most is if you proceed to the next one, resources, it will also curate all the resources that they have within the database to help you put it into your unit or this particular lesson. So if I want this, for example, I can attach it. All right. But here you can say, you know, I have to unlock. These are all not free at the moment. I can use even journal articles from Wiley online library. I can just click attach your lesson. Then you will go to straight here. If I find some useful website or the tichology robot help you found some, then you just click attach to lesson. Right. So you will be attached. Right. So that's one. So I think if you, if you do not want to use the one available here, you can always search for yours and edit it. It also comes with the quiz builder where you can align according to the objective here for your, for your unit. You can click generate questions and then you will generate question accordingly. Now this is what I meant here. You can see here your robot can perform 13 more action this shift because after that you have to wait. Right. Because they are trying to balance up the usage at the moment. You can see the quiz, you know, is built upon based on the L O just now. If you don't like it, you can change. Right. You can see the difficulty level, easy, medium, hard and so on. If you don't like it, just click the three dot and edit or move it down, move it up. Right. Then the pedagogical part is for you to understand some of the concept that they are holding through. So they are suggesting something for you to read on the, on the pedagogical aspect. So you come, you can also add glossary. You can also deliver the lesson directly. If you have, if your premium user can add references, you can upload your files here where all the loaded references will be, will be given here. What happened is if you click deliver your lesson, the student can actually directly view everything from according to your lesson plan just now. Right. And if you do not want to use this quality as a medium, then you can export to work or you can export to JSON. If your other platform support JSON, so the word document will compile all the material just now and you get to use it in your lesson. All right. So try to explore this and there are more to come. I'm sure because this is still quite new to be honest. And you might want to explore further. This is just a teaser for, for what you can do. You can see I have generated three sets here, three types of lessons. What I like the most about this is the activity that they suggest. It's quite interesting and it's aligned to the learning objective or learning outcomes. Okay. All right. So try to explore tishcology.ai and let me know in the comment section whether you think this is a useful tool for you. Thank you very much and see you in the next video.


Russian General Sorovkin arrested after Wagner Group's rebellion. Sergei Sorovkin, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces and Deputy Commander of the Russian Forces in Ukraine, has been arrested after a failed coup by Yevgeny Prigozin, financier of the Wagner Private Military Company, the Moscow Times reports, in the context of Prigozin. Apparently, Sorovkin chose Prigozin's side during the uprising, and they got a hold of him, a source said to the Moscow Times, answering a question regarding the general's whereabouts. The source replied, we are not even commenting on this information through our internal channels. Another source commented on the purpose of the arrest as follows. The situation with him was not okay. For the authorities, I can't say anything more. The first report of Sorovkin's possible arrest emerged on the Telegram channel of the Kremlin-aligned blogger Vladimir Romanov. He claimed that Sorovkin was arrested on the 25th of June, immediately after the Wagner Group mutiny. Romanov asserted that Sorovkin was being held in the Leifotovo Detention Center in Moscow. A source told the Moscow Times that it was not entirely clear whether Sorovkin had prior knowledge of Prigozin's rebellion. The source said that Sorovkin allegedly was not particularly obedient when given the task of reading the text on camera and acting out was too rude to the leadership. He said this could have given the impression that Sorovkin was part of of Prigozin's coalition. Alexei Venediktov, editor-in-chief of the Echo Moskvy radio station, reported that Sorovkin has not been in contact with his family for three days and that his guards are not responsive.


We have discussed that how can we select or decide the optimal combination if we are talking about a portfolio, if we want to invest in a portfolio that involves only two risky assets. But in the real world, we see that investors or the portfolio managers come up with those types of portfolios in which there could be many risky assets, not only two. In reality, when we come across these kinds of situations, what are the various things that are to be considered when we are developing a portfolio or when a portfolio is to be constructed that involves that that is composed of more than two risky assets. So basically, we follow two step procedure that is that helps us in doing that. And in the first step, we decide that the risky assets in which proportion you have to add up and in the second step, you include risk-free asset to make it a comprehensive portfolio. So when we look at the graphical illustrations through which we can decide that we have to pool different, many types of risky assets with risk-free assets and make a portfolio. So what do we consider in the graphical analysis? In that context, again, we will see the point of tangency that will be obtained between capital allocation line and the efficiency frontier. So that particular point of tangency will give you the best risk-reward trade-off which is possible in the given circumstances. So you need to decide how much is going to be the total investment and what are the various options for the risky assets. What are their expected returns? What is their standard deviation? What are the value of the return between them? We will help you to account for all these things. What can be the different combinations possible? Which is called optimal. Optimal means that you cannot have any investment portfolio. So that is again decided. Now again, we need to understand that according to every customer or investor's choice, the portfolio does not decide. The experts who make the portfolio make final products which are made for different categories of investors. Or what they do is they broadly take into account the factors that generally investors' preferences kuch is kisam ki hoti hai, risk-tolerance level kya hoega. And then according to those preferences, they develop different types of final products. So when we say that the point of tangency between capital allocation line and efficiency frontier gives you the optimal allocation of the risky assets. But then we also said that point of tangency se pehle aapki capital allocation line jaha se shuru hoti hai, vertical axis se, us point se leke aapka jo point of tangency hai, wahata ke sare ke sare wo combinations hai jo ke aap investin mein kar sakte hai, affordable hai aur wo sare ke sare allocation, better allocation ko bhi nishan dehi krte hai. Us ke andar aapne choose kansa karna hoti hai, wo tamam possible hazaar wo points, hazaar wo tara ke portfolios aap nahi se leke kar sakte, kuch factors ko count for karki final products define hoti hai, aap jo investor hai us ke pas wo final products ka choice hai, wo infinite number of points ka choice nahi hota. So basically jo mutual funds banane wale log hai aur jo different tara ke consultants hoti hai, advisors hoti hai wo if final products ko develop krte hai by considering all these things which we have discussed. So when we want to define what is meant by the concept of final product, to final product is basically developed by these financial advisors and they are offered by the financial intermediaries. Kya krti hai, basically wo advance kisam ki financial technology ko istimal karke, ye different final products aap ke liye banati hai with the help of the advice of the expert financial advisors aur iss ke liye kafi latest financial technology ko istimal kiya rata hai. Lekin since we discussed the concept of mean variance approach and that is also followed in order to come up with these different types of optimal allocation or different final products ke andar jo different techniques aam istimal karne, since we have got the extensive usage of technology, financial technology istimal hoti hai, lekin jo mean variance approach aam ni discuss ki thi, ye aap expected return ko lete hai, account for karte hai, aap uski variation ko account for karte hai, usko bhi istimal kiya rata hai extensively to decide ki optimal allocation kis taran se ho ghi.


It's hilarious to me that not that long ago, DC elites, pundits were all telling us that Beto O'Rourke was going to be a force to be reckoned with in 2020. One article that stood out to me is an article by David Ferris, I believe, from The Week, which claimed Beto is the new Bernie, and it also featured this cursed image, which I am assuming still haunts thousands of people. But nonetheless, Beto O'Rourke launched his 2020 campaign and it's not going too well. They were all wrong, unsurprisingly. And when you look at some of these images that his campaign has been posting, it's easy to see that there isn't as much momentum as many DC elites predicted there would be. And I mean these showings aren't necessarily terrible, he's got a couple hundred people at various events, but when you juxtapose these images with images of Bernie Sanders campaign rallies, where he's getting thousands of people, well it's obvious that their prediction didn't quite pan out because they told us that Beto O'Rourke would cut into Bernie Sanders grassroots fundraising. Sure, Bernie can raise millions of dollars by small donors, but Beto O'Rourke is going to eat into that because there's this overlap between Beto and Bernie's bases.  That's not happening. And Beto's own staff and himself really realized that this isn't actually happening. So what are they doing? Now that his campaign is going nowhere and it has essentially hit a brick wall, he is relaunching and he's giving himself a political makeover essentially because as Will Weisert and Steve Peoples of AP News reports, Beto O'Rourke plans reintroduction as 2020 buzz fizzles. Amazing. Now, before we get into the article, stop and think about that 2020 buzz fizzles. There's already articles being written like this and it's May. He just launched in March. Now, I expected his campaign to fizzle, but I would have never predicted that it would have been this soon. Like I would have expected that maybe after the debates he's going to kind of fizzle out when people see him on the debate stage and see that he's not very strong and that he doesn't really bring any policy ideas to the table and he's a platitude machine, but he is already fizzling. That is surprising to me who had zero confidence in Beto O'Rourke.  And I don't even know why if you can't gain any momentum this early, you wouldn't just drop out because if you could acknowledge that you need to relaunch just a couple of months after launching your campaign, when there are more than 20 other people in the race, I mean, why waste your time? Just drop out. But nonetheless, here's what they say about the relaunch of Beto O'Rourke's campaign. Beto O'Rourke barreled into the 2020 presidential race with breakneck energy and a fly by the seat of his pants campaign style that saw him leap atop tables to address overflow crowds with the organic off the cuff candor that had made him a Texas sensation. But since his mid-March campaign launch, the buzz surrounding the former congressman has evaporated, competing in a massive field of Democratic White House hopefuls. O'Rourke has sagged in the polls. He's made few promises that resonated or produced headline grabbing moments. Instead, driving around the country, meeting with voters at mostly small events in a tacit recognition that this approach isn't working. O'Rourke is planning to try again, taking a hands-on role in staging a reintroduction ahead of the next month's premier Democratic presidential debate. As he finalizes his plans, O'Rourke has entered an intentional quiet period to build out campaign infrastructure, according to an advisor who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the campaign strategy. This to me, I almost feel bad for him. Like, I don't feel bad because he kind of brought this upon himself by being completely vacuous and devoid of any policy substance whatsoever. But I mean, to relaunch this soon, it's like it's cringe worthy. That's what it is. It's cringe worthy. I mean, at what point do you just give up and realize out of all of these presidential hopefuls, if I'm not gaining any momentum, maybe we call it quits because there's certainly a number of candidates who aren't polling very well that are still building momentum, but they're building nonetheless. Even if it may be, you know, a small amount of momentum. They're still building, but Beto had a really huge launch. And then he's fizzling. He's going down. It's embarrassing. Now, they're not actually admitting like his campaign, his top aides, anyways, are not saying this is Beto 2.0, you know, the relaunch. They're not saying that they're trying to be a little bit coy. They're trying to downplay it. But nonetheless, Beto himself kind of acknowledged that he had a rough start saying, I think in part, I was just trying to keep up when I first started out. Yikes. So what I would do if I were in Beto's position is one, we come out swinging with policy, we get new advisors, because obviously the people who have been advising him aren't working out well for him. And you come up with a very precise message because when you think about Beto or work, what does he stand for? He's in favor of some policies that I like. He wants to legalize marijuana nationwide, but there are other candidates who also have taken that position. Bernie Sanders, Tulsi Gabbard. I mean, so why would you opt for someone else when there are other people in the race that offer what he offers but more? So what exactly will be the strategy with the so-called Beto 2.0 relaunch? Well, first of all, they acknowledge that he hasn't been making enough media appearances like there's been this self-imposed blackout almost where he won't go on news shows, he won't be interviewed. He hasn't had a CNN Town Hall. I'm sure that they invited him, but he hasn't appeared on one. But that's one of the first things that they're starting to change. So he's appearing on the Rachel Maddow show. By the time you see this, he'll already have appeared. He's also appearing on ABC's The View. So that's one area where they are changing. Now, what's the other thing that they're going to change? They're actually going to produce a policy platform. You'd think that that would have been a priority to begin with. You'd think that a specific policy would have been the catalyst for a presidential campaign, like think about some of these other candidates. Tulsi Gabbard got in the race because she cares deeply about foreign policy. Bernie Sanders got in the race because he cares deeply about Medicare for all and taking on the billionaire class. Conversely, better work got on the race because he was just born to be in it, according to him. It's so amazing. Yeah, that's just not going to inspire people. This isn't about you. If you're running for president, this is about us. This is about the American people and better work just doesn't get that. He's in this for the name recognition. He's in this to become a celebrity, to build his national profile. And it's embarrassing. You just lost your Senate race. Why would you choose to then seek a higher position in government after you couldn't even beat the guy who lost to the person you ultimately want to run against? I mean, it makes no sense to me. So if I were better or work, I would also hire new advisors because that's something that's desperately needed. And I would also consider really suspending the campaign because really this is a waste of time. If you're already having to relaunch after a couple of months, usually at the beginning of your campaign, that momentum will be sustained for a little while. But I mean, if it's already fizzling, if the momentum is already dying, this is a horrible sign of what's to come. So I mean, maybe the relaunch will help him, but you should have really put policy front and center from the beginning. But he didn't do that because he doesn't care about policy. He doesn't really have a core ideology. He's just, you know, instinctively conservative and he wants to run because he's born to be in it. Embarrassing. If I had to guess and make a prediction, I'd say that this probably won't help him, but if he really does come out swinging with policies, maybe it could. But I mean, just the fact that he has to do a relaunch or a soft relaunch, whatever they want to frame this as is downright embarrassing.


Over the past few months millions of people have been helping their communities to combat Covid-19 in lots of ways like social distancing, staying at home, making bread, kicking footballs, avoiding online fitness nonsense and drinking booze. Fair play, but many others have decided to do even more and are delivering essentials to those in need. So I'm going to take you through some good news all thanks to people who play the Lottery. People like me. I'm Joe Suzanne Wilkinson and this is a National Lottery's Good News bulletin. So let's head to a village charity in South London where people have been putting big smiles on little faces and not the little faces by delivering essential items to parents and teachers across South London. This village is like a food bank, but for baby clothes and toys and equipment. We support families with children up to the age of five and our ambition is to be a source of support for as many families as possible. A huge rise in demand for clothes, toys, bedding, nappies and toiletries during the pandemic has meant that without the additional Covid-19 funding the charity received many families would struggle to survive. We would not be here without the National Lottery funding. It's as simple as that. Team Jack Foundation has been set up to offer emotional, social and practical support to children and young people with cancer from all over Scotland. Team Jack Foundation was founded about five and a half years ago now by my 15-year-old son Jack before he died, sadly, of a rare lymphoma. Jack felt about the care that he had in hospital was outstanding, the medical care, that there was no support for emotional and social needs for families and young people. So Team Jack provides practical, social and emotional support for children and young people with cancer related illnesses. Even Covid-19 can't stop Team Jack on their mission to help. The team have taken their face-to-face creative activities and support sessions online and on mobile instead. And finally in Belfast where one man has taken his fight to keep fighting online with a series of stage combat classes. The Covid impact on the arts is, I can't even really describe the extent of how it's impacted us because we're having to reinvent what we do and keep people interested. Soon as the isolation began I knew I wanted to do something but it just meant that people could keep that training going and keep the kind of regularity of classes alive. The emergency grant means that Ian can extend his class, research alternative methods of training and create resource materials for students. Personally I'd like a course of an hour runaway better but you know that's just me. That's it for this week, nominations are now open for the National Lottery Awards so if you know a legend like one of the ones featured today why don't you vote for them here. Right I'll be back next week for some more good news from the National Lottery so I'll see you then, might just hang about here. What's everyone doing later?


Good morning, Moodlers. Welcome to the My Learning Space webinar Moodle and the Cloud. This webinar will aim to demonstrate the use of the Moodle repository plugins to share media and content. I'm Shlona Nutsch-Klein Services Manager for My Learning Space and the moderator of this session. The webinar itself will be presented by our resident Moodle expert, Chad Uten. Before we get started, I'd like to point out that this session will be recorded. Additionally, if you have any questions through the presentation, please type them into the chat window and we will attempt to include them in the session. Ideally, please save your questions for the end of the webinar where we will endeavour to get through them. Now all that said, please sit back and I will hand you over to Chad. Thanks Shlona and G'day Moodlers. Welcome to Moodle and the Cloud. More precisely, we're here to learn about the repository plugins for Moodle version 2. Quick heads up in terms of where we're heading for the next half hour or so. There's a lot of buzz and hype around this thing called the Cloud. What is it and what might it mean for us as online educators? We'll explore those two questions. That conversation leads naturally into a new function in Moodle 2.0 known as the Moodle repository. It's an interface that makes it easy to share content and media from third party sites and services. So we'll aim to demonstrate how that can be done and naturally take some questions along the way. Okay, perhaps we'll start with a quick poll of our audience. Which sites and services have you used this month? Google Docs, Gmail, YouTube and Flickr. You can make multiple selections as we push that poll to you now. We'll leave it open for 15 or 20 seconds. Thank you as those results are coming in. Close to quiz the poll rather in a moment and the results. Okay, interestingly the majority of us over 75% are using Google Docs and Gmail. About half of us YouTube this month and Flickr about a quarter of the participants. Well, it's fair to say that all of these services are in fact cloud based. They're popularizing and in essence cloud based services such as these are all about data and applications stored on the internet, not locally on your computer or local area network. So there's no shouldn't the cloud. So it's a concept of computing delivered as a service. So it is really software as a service and it also involves resources and information provided to users and their devices via the internet. So I mean historically speaking in computer network diagrams as a matter of fact the cloud is often used to depict the internet. So the cloud is the perfect metaphor effect for the internet. It's no surprise it would be called that. So it is all about software as a service, not as a product. And it's a real distributed computing model. The notion that resources and information data may in fact be shared across a multiplicity of servers or computers that doesn't reside on one physical dedicated piece of hardware. And that's unimportant. We just need to know that our data or applications or information is available when we're connected to the internet regardless of where we are. So if I had to draw you a pretty picture of cloud computing, it would likely look something like this. The cloud contains applications, information and services. You can see some examples of them there. In fact documents, spreadsheets, presentations, email, calendaring and contact applications, multimedia and web-based gaming. Now these applications and information and services they build upon technologies and infrastructures for the internet and users send and receive information to and from the cloud through various computing devices. So they could be desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. Where the conversation gets interesting is the Myrtle repository. In a nutshell, the repository is Myrtle's way of connecting to these cloud-based services as the interface whereby its users, so that's us as educators and learners, we can go beyond basic file uploads into an online Myrtle course. We can also share content and media from a variety of third-party sites. What is important however before we can do that in Myrtle 2 is that the LMS administrator has enabled and configured the repository plugins. So when the time comes and we're in a course looking to add content or media, we use this new feature referred to as the File Picker. It's the new metaphor in fact for sharing content via Myrtle and we'll see that in a short while. We'll be able to insert images, media, or attach files. So as far as some of these repository plugins are concerned for Myrtle, here's a snapshot. It's by no means an exhaustive list of the plugins, but these are some of the more noteworthy. One of the latter slides in the presentation here will reference each of these services and you're free to explore them at your leisure. I'll briefly just make mention of each of them to give you the heads up. Our Fresco is an open-source content management system. Amazon, BoxNet, and Dropbox, they are cloud-based file storage solutions. Flickr and Picasso are photo-sharing sites. Google Docs is a collaborative web-based solution for documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and web forms. Wikimedia is a Creative Commons multimedia repository. It's a sister project of Wikipedia.  So as far as this diagram is concerned, we've got Myrtle, I guess, at the center of all of this and connected to it toward the bottom there. We've got the new file system architecture and Myrtle users. They could be administrators, teachers, and learners. So those elements, in essence, interact. And it is all about importing or pulling content from these third-party sites up in the cloud to an online Myrtle course. It's worth mentioning, however, this process does work in reverse via the Portfolios plugin. But that's perhaps a conversation for another day. Okay, time for a demo. So I've logged into a plain vanilla local instance of Myrtle 2.1. On the front page is an administrator. As far as configuring and enabling these repository plugins is concerned, your LMS administrator needs to go to the settings block, sort admin, plugins, repositories, manage repositories. We get presented with a variety of repositories, most of which are disabled and not visible by default. The top four, server files, recent files, uploader file, and private files ought to be enabled and visible. The others need to be enabled and configured. I've done that already just to save a little bit of time today with some of these other repository plugins. But to give you an example of how it may in fact work, there's one of these disabled. It will typically involve the administrator enabling it and making it visible, and then saving the subsequent page. In this case, with the Amazon S3 repository plugin, you're actually required to visit the SAD third party site and get a public and a private key. That'll take about 60 seconds. You're not donating an organ. It's quick and easy. You grab those keys, you would copy and then paste them into the fields here, save, and then that plugin should be available to users in their courses. I guess it's worth mentioning as well with these repository plugins. They are generally, if they're saved and configured, they will generally be site-wide or global. So that'll be a single instance. You can also have for some of them at least course-wide and or private instances of these repository plugins. Again, when they're enabled and visible, the administrator can make that decision then and there. Okay, let's go into a course and see if you're these in action. So this is a brand new course. We can see we've got one loading object given to us by default. It's a news forum. It's where we make general news and announcements. So let's go in there and have a new topic. So I'm giving our discussion topic, its mandatory subject and message. Down the bottom here, we can attach a file to this forum post. So people will read this. It being news and announcements, they certainly loaners won't be able to respond, but we can certainly attach files if appropriate. So we click add and we get this dialogue popping up. This is the file picker and we can see on the left side here, we've got a variety of options from server files, recent files that a lot of it as a user have been working with in middle. I could upload a file or I could call on a private file that I'd uploaded earlier and it was for my eyes only and I've decided to make it public or visible to other middle users. I've got a file system, which again, if this file path is mapped correctly, be it a network or a server drive, we could FTP documents and media to a said directory and learners could, and teachers for that matter, access the files there, they could pick the files and add them to places such as discussion forums. We talked about some of these other cloud-based services. We'll run with Google Docs on this occasion. It would require that I would have a Google Docs account and it would typically ask me to log in. I've been there a little while back, so I'm logged in already and I would select the file. It could be a document, a presentation or perhaps a piece of media. I'm going to import or copy this into the middle course. So it's got a name, an author and I choose the license, but it's all rights reserved, public domain or creative comments. Select the file and post to forum. So other course participants will be able to read this message, general news and announcements and access the file attached to it. So whether it's a case of opening it, saving it, printing it, etc. So that's our first look at the repository's plugin and the file picker. Let's turn editing on, because there are in fact a couple other ways we can go about adding media and content to our middle courses. All right, editing on, add a resource, let's choose page. Now if you're using Moodle 1.9 earlier, you would be familiar with two options in this menu along the lines of text page or a web page. A page removes any ambiguity, so we select it. We'll give this resource a name and a description. In the next field is where we put our page content. One of the new features of Moodle 2 is this HTML editor. It's a new HTML editor and it's supported by a larger range of web browsers, which is good. This little icon here, the tree, allows to insert an image. So we click that and if we knew the web address, we could simply enter the image URL and its description. Or else we click the button here that reads find or upload an image. So we get our file picker again and the options we see. So again depending which of these repository plugins have been enabled and configured and are appropriate for when we're looking to insert an image. And that's not all of them. Google Docs, for example, is not on this list at the moment, nor is YouTube. So let's go flicker public. That would be the one to use most certainly if you didn't have a flicker account and or you weren't intending to necessarily import or pull a file from your own account, but one from the public stream. So we've chosen flicker public and we would run a keyword search or a tag search and see what results we get. You can see it was a pretty general query and I've got a hell of a lot of results. So I would need to be more specific than that if I'm going to find exactly what I'm looking for. In the case I'll select this and let's just presume I either own the file or I've been given the express permission of the author to make use of this file under a given license. That's the key essence here. So I select that file and we get a preview of it and we could go into the appearance tab if we wanted to adjust its alignment, dimensions and spacing, simply insert the image into the page. So save and display. So you get an idea here in terms of how this might work with a moodle page resource. We have a variety of stylized text, hypertext and we can embed media images in particular like this quite quickly. And these resources are dating timestamp which is quite useful as well. We'll return to the course page. Editing is still on. Let's add an activity this time and we're going to add a glossary. So we'll just enter the mandatory name and description. Glossary is a typically used as a course base dictionary or a compilation of key concepts or language that learners need to be familiar with. So we'll set that up. We now need to add an entry. Let's say the concept will be repositories and we can define that as a moodle. It's a moodle to plug in, share content and media from third-party sites. So we've got some text there as part of the explanation definition of this concept in the seed glossary. With reference to the HTML editor, this little filmstrip icon allows us to insert or embed media from cloud-based services. So we click it. The dialog is slightly different here. We find or upload a sound, video or applet. So this isn't naturally we're not looking to upload or insert an image or a document. So we get our file picker. Again, the options here in the file picker pane will vary depending which repository plugins have been enabled, configured, and are appropriate for inserting moodle media. So we see Wikimedia, for example, and YouTube because we can grab video from over those sites. So let's say YouTube. We search videos, again keyword search. So we get some results here. There's not a lot of results. In fact, our search was quite specific. We select the appropriate video. Again, you get the option here to rename the file, the author, and choose the license. So select that file. You get a preview. Let's insert it into the definition area there. So if we save changes, we'll get to see how this looks. So it's served up quite nicely on a moodle page, hasn't it, in a skin or a media player. So we can view the video here. It contains audio as well. Or alternatively, we could go full screen. Or watch the video on YouTube in the available resolutions. The thing I like about embedding media from third-party sites such as YouTube and Flickr in your moodle pages is I guess you're better able to moderate the content. The moment you send your learners to these third-party sites and services to view the videos and the images there, for example, you tend to be at the mercy of people you don't know and at times the crude comments that they might leave. So bear that in mind. We're referencing that content and just embedding it in a player within your moodle course. Now, if you've tried to do what I've just demonstrated there with your video, YouTube, for example, and it's not displaying as it ought to, you might want to check a couple of things. I'll give you a quick heads up. Through the eyes of the administrator, you'd want to go to the settings block, side administrator, plugins, filters, managed filters. Filters control the way that moodle pages are displayed. None of these are enabled by default, incidentally. One that we are interested in enabling is the multimedia plugins, this filter in particular. So we've set it as active it's on. Over in the settings, there's various multimedia plugins for this particular filter. So we've enabled virtually all of those. YouTube, Vimeo, Vimeo is another video sharing site. MP3, Flash Video, HTML5, Audio and Video. There's a few legacy players as well. Just bear in mind, not all of those multimedia plugins are enabled by default. So it may not be enough to simply enable the multimedia filter. You'll have to come in here and check a few boxes is what I'm saying. We've left .swf files as disabled. What does happen from time to time is the possibility of someone with malintent malicious code via said files into your moodle. So it's not advised or recommended from a security point of view. It's you enable SWF. If your Flash videos aren't playing, you may in fact want to enable that filter and see if it makes a difference. If it doesn't, the other thing you can check via your site admin, security, site policies will be the allowing of embed and object tags and enabling trusted content. Other than that, if these videos don't display on a moodle page, the issue is either server related or it could be at the end user side and their environmental settings, their browser, the version of browser and settings and the plugins they do or don't have. So that's about as much as I wanted to show with respect to repositories. I might just go back to the course and I'll take any questions that might come to hand. I could say a few things there that have been mentioned in the chat window. One of which is with respect to version control. So what happens there when we insert a document from Google Docs or Flickr for example, in essence what we're doing is creating a second copy of those files. So we're pulling it, we're importing it from the cloud service into your moodle course. So what that means is if the document up in Google Docs is updated, those changes aren't reflected as far as I understand in the moodle file. That's a separate copy. It might be a future feature or a feature request that you might want to put in. But I don't think it's a single version. So you've got versioning control considerations there. Another question along the lines of do learners need login accounts to these cloud services to make use of the repositories plugin? The answer there varies. It does really depend. If it's simply us as teachers or admins sharing documents and media with them via moodle, absolutely not. The learners don't need logins to any of these sites or services. We're simply sharing a copy of these said files with them in the moodle environment. If, however, you want to empower your learners and have them sharing and getting social and collaborating and contributing, I've encouraged that. I think that's part of the philosophy of plugins. They really do need login accounts to Google Docs and Flickr and so forth. So they can log into their account, grab their files and make a moodle copy of them. Okay, I think that is just about it. There's no other questions coming through there. There's the resources from today's presentation. Feel free to explore those at your leisure. And I'll hand back to Shalona so she can wrap things up. Thanks, Chad. Thanks for another great session. Thank you, Moodlings, for participating in today's webinar presented by My Learning Space. We trust this session has been of benefit to you. If you'd like to learn more about Moodle 2.0 and its functionalities or any of our expert services, please feel free to contact us. If you have any further questions, please ask them now. To everyone, we look forward to seeing you again in our future webinars. And happy moodling.


everyone. My name is Eva Sofia and I'm the head of Slash 100 this year. And my name is Matias van Houtum and I'm in charge of the startup operations here at Slash. So Eva Sofia, do you want to tell us a bit about the Slash 100 and how we have ended up here today? Sure Matias. Slash 100 is in the core of the whole Slash event. It has been in the agenda from the very beginning. The number of applications has increased every year and this year we received over 1,000 applications from over 60 different countries all around the world. With the help of investors and our startup team, 100 of them were selected to the pitching competition. The first round was held on Monday at Corriamo and 15 best of them got into the semifinals held yesterday here at Pinkstage. Finally the three best of the best got into the finals and now they are here but only one can be the winner. Yes and what would be a pitching competition without a jury? So I would like to introduce them now. First of all we have Rebecca Lin, general partner of Canvas Ventures. Please give Rebecca an applause. Welcome. Then we have David D.D. Goldsmith, managing director at Samsung Catalyst Fund. Welcome David. Then the one and only Ilka Kivimaki, who is the co-founder and partner of Maki Ventures. Welcome Ilka. Then we have Sofia Benz, partner of Amatomiko. And then last but definitely not least, Marta Sjögren, partner at North Star. Welcome Marta. So the concept today is very simple. The startups will come up here. They will have five minutes time to pitch after which the jury will have six minutes time to ask the difficult questions. Cool. Yes I think we can start. Yes let's welcome the first company, Irons, to the stage.


Anthony you and Derek Jeter are the only Yankee short stops to ever win a gold glove is that a surreal thing to kind of reflect on No, I gotta shout out. I can't people he won one too. He played short stop last year, but yeah, it is pretty It's just an incredible honor hard to even really I don't even know if it's really hit me or anything like that. I think I don't know if it ever will but I Think like I said, it's just a lot of credit goes to a lot of a lot of people that helped me along the way


Hi everybody, I'm Jen with opensource.com and this is the weekly top five for December 4th. At number five this week, finding the right tool for the job. This is a story from our My Open Source Story series from Pete Savage on why open source solutions might not always be the tools that we want, but they are always the tools that we need. At number four this week, eight projects with Lego, plastic bricks meet open source. If you're a fan of Legos, like many others around the world, check out these open source projects to take your Lego creations to the next level. At number three, teaching teens 3D animation with Blender. 3D Ami is a group that introduces digital art to pre-university students. Director and founder of 3D Ami, Tom Haynes, gives us an interview about using Blender to teach the animated movie making process to teens. At number two, six creative ways to use OnCloud. This is a great list of some favorite uses for OnCloud, an open source self-hosted storage platform. Joss, the community manager at OnCloud, is the author of this article and a self-described people person, technology enthusiast, and all things open evangelists. And finally, at number one this week, six useful Libre Office extensions. If you're a Libre Office user or have been interested in this Office suite from the sidelines, check out these six practical add-ons for more great uses of Libre Office. That's it for the top five this week. Thanks so much for joining me and I'll see you next time.


So rarely do I actually get to meet up with a virtual business buddy, and today is one of those special days I've got Jason Stein here with me and I've asked him to talk about the this idea this important skill that so many heart-based entrepreneurs or just heart-based people don't have which is the art of asking well and particularly when it comes to forming strategic alliances in business Collaborate collaborations. How do we how do we ask? Well, so Jason great having you here and good to be here. Hey guys so Jason you are a master of knowing how to ask well, and so I'm just gonna ask you to Talk about that. What what what have you seen works? Well, and maybe what's something that doesn't work as well Well before we talk about what works and doesn't I think it's important. We left my wife and youngest son over at the playground and Cooper's gonna turn out year next week and he is a master of asking he asked when he wants to be fed he asked when he wants his diaper to be changed and Ultimately you used to be a master asker There was a time in your life where it was really okay, and what happened was there was an authority figure that said don't ask You know they were like it's better to do it on your own or if you ask you're gonna Oh, and I think it's important to give it some context that you still have that part in you that knows how to do it and it may be afraid or it may have been scolded but it's in there and in strategic alliances no matter what your business is there are other people within your community that know people that have Really good audiences that could benefit from knowing about your products and services and What I found Whether it's George or my mastermind buddy Paul Zellzer or myself we get inbox emails or Facebook messages Like will you promote this and that's like that's not a good ask. Will you will you do this for me? And so what you want to do is start to just build relationships It's like as opposed to like trying to sleep with someone on the first date You know just to ask them out for some coffee and what I love George you have this wonderful page Like tea with George. It's a landing page about just getting some time with you for strategic alliances and When I approached you you were like, yeah, I read this page get into my calendar And that started like for us to deepen our relationship. Yeah, we had a relationship and then we noticed that we are peers We can benefit from one another's knowledge and networks and that then makes sense to kind of take that to to the level of a conversation Yeah, and so what you want to start thinking about is Who do you know and who do they know and really being of service? So get yourself out of the way of I just want to sell more of X and get to know people Really invite people over into your sphere and really tell them why so with George I was really clear when I met him and we started deepening their relationship One of the things I wanted to learn from you was systems because you are a systems king like if you've ever seen the back end of some of Georgia's systems his systems have systems and There's a reason he does that because it's really effective like it for you joyful productivity Yeah, you do that because your systems does everything else. Yeah, like most of us are like And you're just like no it's in that Excel spreadsheet right there and so In the ask Start small for some of you. You hate asking so much. You're just not willing to do it You would rather do it all on your own Even if it meant that You have no time The truth with that is that many of you that are listening to this You are way smarter way brighter than me because you've learned how to do so many different things whether it's code your website or start your social media campaign or Go on and on and on and on you've learned how to do it all because you don't like asking So start with some simple ass and the way to do that is be specific and I'll end with this Most people say I need help But they aren't really drilling it down into the specific help they need and so when I approached you I think I was like I really want to get to know how you do those systems And what you said is come check out some things. I'm doing over here and really see if it's a fit for you That's exactly how that went and I'm so grateful. I did because I've learned a lot from this guy in the last year Jason thanks for doing this video with me. I'm so glad you're here. Oh, it's great to see you face to face Yeah, totally. So folks check out Jason his well, I'll put the link to his website Jason Stein comm and You yours are you still doing those chocolate sessions? I chocolate strategy Jason Stein comm slash chocolate. So yeah, go check it out.  Peace. Bye


Meghalaya celebrates 50 years of statehood. Guided by the strong vision of Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi and under the dynamic leadership of Honourable Chief Minister Shri Konradke Sangma, Meghalaya has been able to achieve stupendous growth. Meghalaya is one of the best performing states by providing functional tap water connections to more than 2.7 lakh households. Meghalaya is one of the best states in implementation of national rural livelihood mission. Tourism is a key sector of the state's economy. To attract more tourists, there was a need to create new tourism infrastructure and upgradation of rural roads in the state. Meghalaya is the best state in the northeast in implementation of PMGSY. Through the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme, more than 2 lakh farmers of the state have received financial support. From the input support to identification of buyers, the elaborate system of cooperative societies, collective marketing centres and farmers markets are facilitating the farmers. It is a matter of pride that Meghalaya revived the sporting ecosystem of the state. Meghalaya hosted the second Northeast Olympic Games with participation of 3,000 plus athletes. Many sports infrastructures have been constructed including the PA Sanma Sports Stadium, which is the largest in the country built with pre-engineering construction technology. Government of Meghalaya is supporting musicians, entrepreneurs, youth organisations through innovative schemes. Meghalaya's growth is already getting national and global recognitions. It is the privilege and honour for the people of the state that our beloved and honourable Prime Minister, Sri Narendra Modi, will be inaugurating and laying the foundation stone for the following projects. Inauguration of the Shillong-Dieng-Pasar Road to improve connectivity and reduce congestion. Inauguration of Spawn Laboratory at Mushroom Development Centre to improve livelihood support to farmers and entrepreneurs. Inauguration of the Integrated Beekeeping Development Centre to support the beekeepers. Laying a foundation stone for Shillong Technology Park Phase 2 to facilitate employment generation. And laying a foundation stone for Integrated Hospitality and Convention Centre at Tura.


The Tua Kana Taina situation for me is special because the Tua kind of shares what they've learned, but they also get the perspective and the knowledge from the Taina. So it's that sort of mutual respect where, yes, there's a high and a low position, but it's also a little bit more equal in terms of what's learned and how information moves around. The Tudas, some of them were from Samoa and I knew them from Samoa. So it just felt like I already knew this person. I could go to them and always ask for help. So it pretty much was like an older sibling. I'd always go, if I needed help, I'd be like, hey, can you please, please help me? I don't know. I don't know what I'm doing. I need help. So that's what I felt like. It was always just a connection with these people that I already knew. It just gave me all these friends and older siblings to tell me, ah, what are you doing? I got to meet really good friends that I'm still close with to this day. I just feel like we're all siblings in a way because the way that we banter and talk to one another, it's a very sibling vibe. Yeah. And then there's older ones and then there's the young baby ones, which are the people that we help. I feel like it's just like a big family atmosphere. It's like older siblings and younger siblings, the older ones helping out for the younger ones with what they need. It's not just like a lecturer student, it's more like a brother, sister. There's an auntie type of relationship and I think that helps a lot with our education also. I think you are helping someone in a younger year or someone older that can help advise you. I think it's a really good support system and network. I suppose the dynamic has definitely shifted between us like now Waluw has gone from being – first of all, I think I actually met you and you weren't my Tuakana, you were just he – Waluw was a face that I saw all the time in Tuakana and then he became my Tuakana and then now he works as like overseeing the Tuakana like all of us as mentors. So the dynamic – it's kind of like full circles over and over again where people go from being taina – you know I was the taina once and then you become the Tuakana and then even higher than that you become the person who oversees all of the Tuakana. I have been lucky enough to be the Tuakana for taina who are now a Tuakana themselves. So it's just like also really humbling like so many full circle moments within the Tuakana space that's really rewarding to see. I guess I feel really humbled by the fact that I can support a person and that they see great value in what I have to say. It's like a feeling I've never experienced before, seeing someone else succeed and yeah being really happy for them.  It's just cool to see them from the start of their journey going all the way through and now making a difference in the world. It just works on being like a mentor figure for people, someone that the younger generation can relate to and like they want to push towards. A lot of the mentors involved the program, people who I've had the privilege of like being a Tuakana for so it's really good sort of seeing that reciprocity in the circle of like the progression of being a taina and living a Tuakana. It's very just family-oriented. Everything I know about being a Tuakana is what I've learnt and what I've been shown from Tuakana that I've had.


Don't let the fraudulence of this civilization eclipse the supernova of authenticity hidden just beneath that thin membrane. Don't let the vapid artificiality of mainstream culture cause you to miss the weird magic of life as it actually is. Don't let the barrage of advertisements screaming this is never enough distract from the symphony of joy in your cells at simply being alive.  Don't let the Valentine's Day products from Hallmark steal the spotlight from our wide open hearts and our roaring passion. Don't let the authoritative dronings of the imperial pundits mask the fact that they are babies made of mysteries and stardust.   Don't let the deluge of lies and propaganda cause you to lose sight of the fact that they are trying to pour concrete over a bottomless abyss of truth. Don't let the footsteps marching to the beat of the imperial drum drown out the ancient song at the heart of consciousness. Don't let this civilization's insistence that you are finite delude you into missing your own boundlessness. Where it seems like there is an absence of depth there are depths that couldn't be explored in a thousand lifetimes. Where it appears that there is an absence of truth, truth hides just behind the eyes which perceive this. There are galaxies hidden in supermarket aisles. There are universes hidden in parking lots. Just beneath the superficial phoniness there is a reality that is older than the stars. Just beneath the capitalist tedium there is an endless fountain of amazement. Just beneath the collective psychosis there is an oddly familiar sanity. Just beneath the indoctrinated familiarity a real encounter is waiting to happen. Just beneath the hopelessness of our current plight a great power is cracking a smile.