What is the Cultural Ambassadors Program for Teaching English in Spain? Spain is one of the number of countries that has a government-run program for placing foreign nationals into public schools to work as English language teachers or teaching assistants. The Cultural Ambassadors Program offers American and Canadian citizens a fascinating opportunity to live and work across Spain with none of the hassles that come with applying and interviewing for jobs independently. The Cultural Ambassadors Program, also known as the North American Language and Culture Assistance Program, is run by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Every year, as many as 2,500 North Americans are placed through the scheme into elementary or secondary schools across the country to work as assistant language teachers. As Spain can be a difficult place for non-Europeans to secure an official work visa, this program provides a great opportunity for Americans and Canadians to legally live and work in one of the world's most beautiful teaching destinations. The Basics The program is open to American and Canadian citizens aged between 21 and 60, although the upper age limit for placement in the Madrid region is 35. If accepted, participants are assigned as assistant English teachers in an elementary or secondary school from early October until May 31, June 30 in the Madrid region. The position requires you to work a set number of classes per week in return for a stipend of 700 euros per month, health insurance coverage and a long-stay work visa. Airfares and accommodation costs are not included. During the application process, you can submit preferences for the cities or areas where you would prefer to be located, but there are no guarantees regarding your allocated place. The majority of positions are located in mainland cities and towns with a smaller number available in the Canary and Balearic Islands. Successful applicants will be notified of their destination in April prior to departure. As this is a very competitive program, there is no guarantee of acceptance. An applicant's suitability is evaluated on the following criteria. A practical demonstration of Spanish language skills, college transcripts, high school records and Spanish language certificates can be submitted to provide extra proof. Physical and psychological suitability, a medical form is required. Academic achievement, bachelor's minimum, university junior, senior or graduate. Previous teaching experience, experience working with children, experience living abroad, a teflortiso qualification, not compulsory but highly beneficial. How to apply? For the most up-to-date information regarding the application process, you should visit the official website of the Cultural Ambassadors Program. To complete the application, you will need to supply the following documents. A 250-300-word statement of purpose in English, a copy of a reference letter from your employer or university, a copy of your degree and diploma or an official academic record, a copy of a valid U.S. or Canadian passport. Teflortiso certification. While not compulsory, completing a Teflortiso certification course before applying for the Cultural Ambassadors Program is highly recommended. As there are a limited number of places available each year and competition is usually very strong, the addition of a teaching qualification to your application form will give you a distinct advantage over many other applicants. The practical skills taught during the course, such as classroom management and error correction, will also help to make your time in the classroom far more productive and enjoyable for both you and your students.


So here we'll introduce a new way of representing integers known as the charge field model. And the basic problem is that the number line is actually very limited in what you can do with it. You can easily represent some additions, but the problem is that you can run into difficulties when trying to represent subtractions. And the reason is that we have to view this subtraction A-B as the removal of a set of B objects from a set of A objects. And if we can do this with whole numbers, it's something that's possible with the number line, but if A is smaller than B, if we're trying to take away more objects than what we have, then the ability to use the number line is severely limited. And so a more flexible way of handling integer arithmetic, of representing integer arithmetic, is known as the charge field model. And this is based on two key ideas. Suppose I have a whole number, and what I'm going to do is, if n is a whole number, a set of n-1s, well first of all, by my definition of multiplication, this is n times 1, and that's going to correspond to the positive integer n. We don't ordinarily indicate the sign of a positive number. It's actually helpful to do so in this particular case. So, rather than thinking about this as n-1s, and as the product n times 1, what I'll do is I'll think about this as n plus 1s, and what I have is n times a plus 1. And the reason that that's useful is that if I think about the negative integers, what I can think about here is that I can take a set of n negative 1s, and this is the product, again, by my definition of multiplication, this is n times negative 1, and that's going to correspond to the negative integer minus n. Now, important note for later on, n is assumed in this particular instance to be a whole number. In general, an expression like this might or might not be a positive number, might or might not be a negative number, it depends on what n is. Here we're actually assuming that n is in fact a whole number. And finally, the last key idea in the charge field model goes back to our very definition of what the additive inverse is, if I take plus 1, and I add on the additive inverse, what I get is zero. In other words, positive and negative units cancel each other out. Well, let's take a look at an example. Let's use the charge field model to represent the integers 5 and negative 3, and then represent the sum 5 plus negative 3. So, first thing to notice is that my integer 5, well, that's 5 plus 1s, so I can represent it as a set of 5 plus 1s. So, let's see, so there's my 5 plus 1s, and I will very cleverly indicate each of these with a plus 1 to indicate that it's a plus 1. Now, I also have the integer negative 3, and so again negative 3, well, that's 3 times negative 1, so that's 3 negative 1s, so I can represent that as a set of 3 negative 1s. So there we go. And then finally, I want to put the two sets together, and when I join those two sets, again, addition is the result of combining two sets. Addition is defined as the union of two sets, and so there is a representation of my sum 5 plus negative 3. Now, one more thing we can actually do. So again, this is actually our representation of the sum 5 plus negative 3. It's the union of the two sets, but we can actually simplify this a little bit. Because the definition of additive inverse tells us that whenever I have a plus 1 and a negative 1 together in a set, again set being defined as the addition, then I can replace that. Those things are exactly the same as having nothing. So I have a plus 1, and what I'm going to do is I'm going to locate pairs of positive and negative units, and I'm going to eliminate them. So I look around. Well, here's a pair. Here's plus 1 and a minus 1. Here's a plus 1 minus 1 pair. So I'll go ahead and eliminate that. Throw it away. Here's a plus 1 minus 1 pair. I don't need that anymore. I'll get rid of it. Here's a plus 1 minus 1 pair. I'll get rid of it. And finally, here's what I have left. I have this one and this one. And what I have here is a representation for the number positive 2. And so what I can do at this point is I can conclude that when I take the sum 5 plus negative 3, it's the same as positive 2. Well, what can we do with a difference? What can we do with a subtraction? So again, I can interpret any set of subtraction as the removal of this. I want to remove negative 3 from 5. So I want to start with a representation of 5. There it is. I have 5 plus 1s. And I want to remove 3 negative 1s. So again, this amount that I'm trying to remove is the same as 3 negative 1s. So I go here and I don't see any negative 1s I can remove. So I want to remove 3 negative 1s. There are no negative 1s here. So what can we do? Well, we can throw our hands up and say, I can't solve this problem. I'll go do something else. But if we have a little bit of persistence and give ourselves a little bit of time to think about it, the thing to remember is that anytime I have a plus 1 and a minus 1, I can replace them with 0. But that equality works both ways. Anytime I have nothing, I can put down a plus 1 and a negative 1, as long as I put them down together. In other words, what I can do is I can create positive and negative units. I can create pairs of positive and negative units from nothing at all. So I take this nothing that I have here, and I create a pair of positive and negative units. So I'll take that nothing, and there's a pair of positives and negatives. And I'll take some more nothing, but over here I'll take some more nothing, and I'll create another pair. And I'll take this nothing over here, and I'll create a couple of pairs of positive and negative units. So I have my 5, and then I have a whole bunch of other stuff in here, but all of these are positive and negative unit pairs. All of these are nothing. But that nothing is important, because now I have enough negative ones to be able to remove three of them. So I'm going to remove three of those negative ones. They're gone. And I should do some simplification here. Again, I have this last remaining positive and negative pair. If you think about it, we made a few too many pairs. We didn't need that many. And that last positive and negative pair, well again, a positive and a negative give us zero. I could just drop that entirely. And here's my sum of, sorry, here's my difference of 5 minus negative 3. It's this amount here, which is going to be, if I count it, there's 8 plus 1's there. This sum is equal to 8. How about a different value, negative 3 minus 5? Well again, same sort of idea. I want to remove 5 from negative 3. So I'll start with a representation of negative 3. And I want to be able to remove 5 plus 1's. I'm subtracting 5. I'm removing 5 plus 1's. So I'm going to do the same thing. I don't have any plus 1's here, but that's okay. I can create pairs of positive and negative units. And let's do this at least somewhat efficiently. I'll create those pairs until I have enough plus 1's to be able to remove. So here's a plus 1. That gives me 1 plus 1 I can remove. I now have 2 plus 1's I can remove. 3, 4, 5. I now have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 plus 1's I can remove. So let's get rid of them. And my representation, my final answer for this, is going to be this set represents that difference, negative 3 minus 5. And I can count here what do I have. I have a total of 8 negative units. This is going to correspond to the value negative 8.


Python on hardware time we have a newsletter sign up for a different daily comm we don't spam We don't harvest your emails. We don't do anything that you can upscry many time But what it does give you is a once a week newsletter that is the best Python on hardware newsletter out there So micro Python 1.16 is released you looked at it I think the cool feature that everyone's talking about is that like command line thing to control The cool thing about this yeah, and people was cool. The cool thing about this is how fast we were able to keep up to date with upstream so There there's there's many reasons for this multi layered like a snake I think snakes have layers, right? So we Scott did a massive push before he just did he won on vacation of Merging three years worth of micro Python updates. I think we were on like 109 or one Wait or something we merged up to 115 and Damian who's the maintainer of upstream micro Python was like I want to do more smaller more common releases more often releases Which is good because it means it's actually easier to keep up It's tougher to merge six months of stuff It's easier to merge a month of stuff just because there's not as many changes and tweaks to do so the 116 Release we were on 115 116 came out like a week ago and within a week Jepler was able to do a PR to catch us up and this is cool because now as We're adding stuff to circuit Python like Jepler found a cool way to Also compress some of the flash by like the way we store objects and like having an extension to the infrastructure whatever You know cool hack and historically if we were like six versions behind on micro Python The chances of us getting that into upstream is it just gets tougher and tougher because there's so many things that could be Like, you know forked apart Bringing it closer together means that Damian is on the PR and is giving suggestions for how can we add this Optimization and then get it upstream Quickly like cherry picked into mainstream, which is something we've wanted to do We've made many contributions to micro Python, but they've had to be it's really been very like surgical how to extract that contribution Now we can collaborate so much better So this is really great for micro Python because they get all of our improvements We have the three core devs working on it circuit Python day-in day-out and they can benefit and also we can benefit from improvements that the micro Python team is doing and I think it's kind of added to a more harmonious Co-living situation. I mean like we've always loved micro Python, but I think They've always been like hey we want more of your improvements, but because you're behind it's harder for us to it's only 13 Commits off as of yesterday, which is awesome, so I'm gonna call it so the ports are still separate, right? So like we support we don't have like ESP 32 for example We have ESP 32 s2 and samdi 21 and we have you know our pay This is why we did that because they're micro Python if you want to use that particular chip use micro Python for that But the core stuff we have other things like if it has to support us be yeah We have a different we haven't it's sort of like Linux, right? You can have some people like Debbie and some people like mint and some people like a bunch you and some people like Slackware and some people like gen 2 or arch or whatever and the kernel is the same But the stuff around it how you actually interface with the kernel may be different But you still want to have it all every distribution ideally is on mainline kernel and that's not true all the time sometimes Distributions have split off of the main kernel and they have changes They don't get the mainstream and so it's like it starts to get a little wobbly where it's like you'll end up distro Which is on Linux, you know three and one's on Linux four and one's on Linux five like it can it can really diverge So having having a similar core means even though the packaging is different The core functionality and improvements can be shared So this is a really good thing for the community even the people aren't doing core Micro Python or circuit Python. I think everyone agrees. This is a good thing So I'm gonna call it call it I think in the beginning when we were doing like circuit Python people like why are you doing this? Why are you doing that? but now as the cores are so as they're like only a few commits behind Each release and it's getting easier and easier if you look at what our team is doing They're supporting open source in the best way They're adding and contributing things are getting added upstream. They're getting cherry-picked. They're getting added We're picking out things we're adding it and then we're also supporting micro Python financially So unless I get told different I think we're the largest public sponsor financially of micro Python So this works open source can work and you know a lot of people are they'll call something open source It's not there's a lot of folks that are doing open source and they say it can't work or they stop doing open source But there is a way to make it work. It just takes a very Curious group of people that's dedicated that maybe had some things happen to them in the life So there's more in the newsletter, but that's what that's the thing that's really cool about 116 Yes, it's cool that we merge 116, but what's really cool is how fast we merge 116 So anyways congrats the entire team and I think Scott's in chat. So give Scott a shout out Python visual studio There is beta of Python 3 1 0 See Python check that out We have a bunch of keyboard stuff because this is all keyboard all the time for a lot of the things that we're doing and If you look at the newsletter and you want to get an idea of like where Python and hardware is going or just electronics Look at it quickly and scroll down and then look at the project that you want to do And it's like wow like this is that easy to do now. These are all the different things So speaking of this week my pick of the week from newsletter and Python on hardware Are you picked up out? I do is the latest hack space issue. So this just came out And there's a few things in this issue. I wanted to mention First up congrats Simone on the cover Pico and in the things that are circuit Python and Python and hardware related this week Lady Aida First up. There's this little Halloween pumpkin. Yeah, it's loopy Spoopy poopy spooky poopy circuit Python and circuit Python it talks when you go near and everything and then Hack space are fast and it's like Ben's a really good author. He's the editor-in-chief as well This was circuit Python a microfiber Python This was using the libraries of circuit Python combining the hardware support of micro Python Yeah, so this is based off of the work that of course Melissa has been doing with Blinka She's just been rocking it out Blinka is our Compatibility layer that we originally wrote for micro Python But like nobody really used it and so we sort of diverged the code and started focusing more on C Python support So that you could use our circuit Python libraries on Linux computers like the Raspberry Pi or the Beagle bone or the onion Omega or the Banana Pi and also on desktop computers running C Python using like a USB dongle to convert USB commands into you know GPO commands But then when the Pico came out there are some people who are using micro Python But wanted to use our libraries and there was like I think people were like I don't know Why can't I use the circuit Python libraries on micro Python? We're like you can with Blinka and people like well doesn't work and we're like oops It should and so Melissa went in cleaned it up and published how to do it And we're gonna make it even better. It's a little it's a little bit unusual how to do it because of the file system stuff With micro Python you have to use their file system manager, but we're going to hopefully make it even easier Again, we would love for micro Python to have our API, but since they don't we can do the second best thing Which is offer a shim yeah, okay, and that is this week Python harmonious


My name is Ian Wright. I'm director of Ilray's research theme on people's livestock and the environment. Today there's been lots of discussions on what we call the impact pathway. How do we get research products and research outputs through to actually having an impact on the lives of millions, tens of millions of people who live in these dryland areas. There's been a very rich discussion and many good ideas as to how we achieve that. I've just been part of a discussion about how we work with development organisations. And development partners. And how can research influence that development agenda to reach these millions of people who depend on drylands. My name is Peter Thorne. I'm a livestock scientist from the UK. I've been with Ilray for six months now. My main interests are in the area of crop livestock integration. So we're really in this workshop trying to get to the level of what are the desirable developmental outcomes from this programme. And what research outputs will contribute to those outcomes. As we move into the more marginal areas, issues of risk, vulnerability, resilience become much more important. We have to tread much more carefully in intensifying those kind of systems. It's not us as researchers who bear the risk. It's the farmers or the pastoralists who are engaged in them. We have quite a lot of responsibility there. Farmers are risk averse wherever they are. If they have a vulnerable livelihood to any extent, then they have to be risk averse. And if we produce technologies that don't account for that, then we run into this long-standing problem of lack of adoption. There's no point in us doing the research if it can't be adopted. And that's why we want to tie research outputs into developmental outcomes. My name is Jonathan Davis, and I work for IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, responsible for the Global Drylands programme. Well, I think this whole meeting has been quite interesting in that it's brought all these different disciplines together, which is what's necessary. It resonates with what I'm trying to work on, which is ecosystem scale planning. If you want to protect ecosystems as the basis of life, as the basis of food or whatever welfare, then you can't approach them from different sectors. You have to treat them as one thing, one entity, and figure out how to manage them as such. And people don't deal well in that sort of complexity, especially when you add people and livelihoods and economies into the mix. It's far too complex for people to handle. They need much of the simple things to deal with. So, I'm thinking this meeting might actually take us towards that and develop some sort of way, not just to have tools or research, but actually people that can think across all the different systems at the necessary scale. My name is John Linham. I've been working in small older agriculture here in East Africa for the last 23 years. One of the challenges and opportunities of these new CRPs. It really is how does research better integrate into the development process. I think we have been a little too sort of separate in the past. And that necessarily is going to involve partnerships. You can't work with everybody, so there's going to have to be some whittling down to those partnership arrangements that actually work. But that's one of the opportunities of these new CRPs. My name is Florence Ogogo. I'm the chief executive of Africa Harvest. And my contribution is thinking the whole value chain. Because adoption of technology does not depend on one thing. It depends on the farmer being able to see first have information. I think information is abstractly about the technology. The next thing we want to do is, can I find those improved breeds of cows or seeds or whatever it is? Can I find that? Where do I find it? The next information we want to have is ergonomic information. How to feed it to get value. About the foliage, about care, about health care, about vaccination. Whatever that information. Whether it's an animal, if it's a crops which I'm used to, we call it good ergonomic practice. Water management, soil fertility, pest control. And then most important, the market. First market, very important, is the home market. Can I drink the milk? Can I eat at home? And then the surplus so I can generate income. So the issue of adoption is one very personal with me because I'm working on the uptake of technology, small-holder farmers. And we realize there's not one thing. You have to think of the whole value chain. I'd begin to think how to move barriers at the bottlenecks in the value chain. We need to take the research which is producing good value goods. And then move it to the farmers. But to do it, we need partnerships that can make it work. My name is Waikri Fuwenda. I work for the National Smallholder Farmers Station of Manawi. There are several factors that I have seen that make this technology not adopt. One of which is most of them, they come as a project. Maybe three a project. But we are looking at a technology that for the farmers to appreciate, maybe they appreciate it in the fourth year after the project has already passed out. Iss number two, small-holder farmers in Manawi, like in other countries in Africa, the land quality side is small, on average one hectare. From that one, a small-holder farmer is supposed to produce enough to eat and at the same time to have money to send the children to school and to hospital. And if a technology like integration of petracell trees comes in, it means the crop yield will be affected because there will be competition on factors of production. In that case, it means the farmer is losing. There can be some innovation. As the farmer is losing, maybe the one who is pushing for a technology can compensate for that loss until the project is over. So, the key drivers of adoption by the small-holder farmers are the principles of extension, or a gas extension, which are the farmer want to see, the farmer want to hear, and the farmer also want to touch.


You can see here from late in sports cards and I'm ripping a personal for UC. We've got for 2023 panini prism WWE Hobby boxes. All right, best of luck. You see thanks as always for hopping in. Let's see right So crazy here basket right there. Sorry about that y'all sometimes OBS has a mind has a mind of its own. That's for sure. Here we go It's got hyper rookie Ava ring blue Grayson Waller out of 199 Silver ring royalty buck or tee 101 for the stream breaking That would be sick. I don't think I've pulled a 101 out of here yet. We've got Ruby wave of fire Red John Cena that one is 128 of 299. We'll see another Top tier Ray Mysterio got blue wave Valentina for Oz not numbered on that Silver Saray That damn legends of the hall See a color blast hyper of Mark coffee Silver and no amdar. No amdar Gunther top tier No Craig. No I have no idea Steve to be completely honest with you. I don't even know what that is We've got Ruby wave of Dana Brooke. Nice color match there with her outfit purple gender Mahal. That is 110 of 149 Legends of the hall Raymond Loomis duo drop grace. We've got blue wave of razor Raymond Blue Eddie Guerrero that is 120 of 199 Top tier Bailey Got Ruby wave rookie of Eva rain Silver rock lessoner Chrismatic entrances ultimate warrior Jason Jane Got one coming up first auto up Out of 99 36 and 99 here. It's gonna be a Rockin Robin on the red sensational signatures auto Rockin Robin silver Kevin Owens top tier Shotzi Hyper Seth brick and Rollins. We've got red Ray Mysterio 44 of 299 Legends of the hall dragon Steamboat mr. T. We got gold Say that they're purple edge. Nice. That is 60 to 149 No, they were y'all were looking for some color edge Shamrock gold to the end Ruby of Saddamura silver perfect Curtin Boston last auto here What a box silver Waller her redemption Vin Baylor undertaker steamboat First golden about 20 boxes. Wow. Yeah, I don't remember seeing too many Golds out of out of this stuff. All right Let's do let's do the redemption first Legendary signature prisms red, so I believe that'll be out of 99 Card 13 Gonna be a diesel On the red Nice redemption there for you. You see gold time. Come on show us some crazy not a rookie God a ultimate warrior on the gold Wow Color match there That's awesome nine out of ten Some print lines on the back unfortunately, it's kind of hard to see Kind of see it right here on the back But that's that's disgusting. Oh mag this one for you see Very nice All right, I can include a box last time there was a damaged card You didn't want a box, but I'll put one to the side just in case Not really damaged per se print lines happen Unfortunately, all right box to box to here Here we go solid first box for sure See a color blast Ruby wave of Escobar. We've got purple Mansor out of 149 Legends Nick Foley Orange is gonna be oro men saw that one is 50 of 99 on the orange Then blue Roman Reigns that's sick seven of 199 on the Roman Reigns cool photo there with both both belts top tier Lacey Evans right in stereo We wait Dexter Loomis silver of Amari Miller Eric Corbin. Oh, this was not even backwards that sensational signatures auto is gonna be Xavier Woods Xavier Woods sensational signatures auto First auto out of this box Isla Don Silver Melotops here Hyper Otis we've got orange rookie as Maxine Dupri That is 12 of 99 on the orange rookie there for one more auto out of this box Ruby wave of Valhalla Red Bianca Belair Nice Bianca there that one is four of two ninety nine top tier Ziggler they got Got hyper the minx silver of Ray Ripley Matic Guerrero Undertaker I'm excited for you to get that redemption back while who's are you think you're gonna redeem it or sell that? Undertaker You've got red Randy Savage Or Ruby sorry silver razor Raymond the rock face Hyper Ray Dudley got purple rookie of Channing Stax Lorenzo 127 of 149. Oh nice. Okay. That's always cool I like hitting two cards like I always say keep one and sell one Ruby wave boa Red rookie of Tatum Paxley. That is one nineteen of two ninety nine Bring Royalty Brock Lesnar got hyper in Italian Carmella Hayes on the silver Carmelo Hayes, sorry Boston last pack should have our auto It's not turned around again. It's not we've got red sensational signatures of Damon Kemp Damon Kemp that is ten of ninety nine Silver Ludwig Kaser Alright, not the best box there. Okay, which one you want? There you go Yeah, definitely had better boxes there you see two more got hyper Shawn Michaels silver of Ricky at they a hail Becky Lynch tops here Got our first auto out of this box here not number. It's gonna be a Giovanni Vinci on these sensational signatures Giovanni Vinci silver duo drop Undertaker Legends of the hall We got mojo Kevin Owens on the Ruby we've got red Roman Reigns Roddy hyper legends of the hall on the mojo. No one is six of 25 Cool legends of the hall mojo. I don't know if I've seen any of those yet Nice Roman Reigns that one was 115 of two ninety nine I think I was gonna be Ron the Rousey. Don't they call her row rowdy Ron the Rousey. Is that her WWE? Orange Angelo Dawkins that one is to ninety nine blue Shayna Baszler to one ninety nine In honor of him. Oh, that's cool Johnny Gargano on the hyper silver Apollo cruise Zalina ring royalty Next auto coming up here Not numbered on this one a be fab sensational signatures rookie Otto Be fab On knowing him dar Hail nice Ruby wave ronda Rousey got purple rookie of Quincy Elliott's 60 of 149 Charlotte flair prismatic entrances another gold Corrigade on the hyper got red ultimate warrior got another gold After what who says they've only had one gold in 20 boxes only the bang bros waller on the Ruby Silver ripfowler who so blue wait. It's a Yoko Zuna Silver Wendy Chup. I think that's gonna be an auto. I think we hit both of our autos, right? They got hyper rookie Quincy Elliott purple rookie Eva rain nice one there to 149. No y'all have quite the Ava rain set Last pack and then we're gonna look at that gold Ruby wave of They a hail rookie blue is gonna be Kevin Owens 35 of 199 Triple H prismatic entrances. All right. Good luck I Another legends of the hall of Trish Stratus Mojo and a gold legends of the hall five of ten on this one Where you go?  All right now. We got to see that color blast out of this last box. Don't just say Come on. All right. Good luck. You see Here we go got hyper the rock of Caden Carter 95 of 299 Ruby wave the American nightmare Cody ropes Orange of Brooks Jensen that is 65 of 99 hyper and Nakamura silver of Oral Mensa Shawn Michaels See a big auto See a gold auto Redemption auto silver Brooks Jensen MVP Two golds two redemption autos four boxes Bray Wyatt on the Ruby got red Dakota Kai 27 of 299 got another mojo coming up. It's gonna be a since you came Nakamura How one is two of 25 on the mojo very nice Sure thing while who's and how about a purple Goldberg nice 61 to 149 top tier of AJ Styles While who's is everything all right with Pete? I haven't seen him around in a while Think about him the other day Hope everything's all right with them got hyper Vega silver stuff freaking Rollins second auto here Break out. Oh feeling vacation. Nice. No auto.  Nice 140 to 149 ex-a-bliss Ruby of Braun Breaker Silver silver silver Ronda Rousey last pack and we will look at that redemption Hyper of Liv Morgan Silver Zoe Stark Let's see let's see Good luck here. You see superstar autographs prism gold Three golds in four boxes are 25 of Tomasso siampa Gold that's crazy three golds In four boxes after going what one gold in 20 boxes y'all said that's crazy Still gold. Yeah Not the biggest not the biggest wrestle, but we'll take gold out of 10 All right, you see that will do it for your boxes. Congrats again Let me get some of these magged up for you and we'll get them right out to you


Hi, my name is Dio Miro, Currency Trader and Trading Coach at Trading180.com and welcome to this week's supply and demand for us in gold, fundamental and technical analysis. If you're new to the channel and warm welcome to you, and if you're returning an equally warm welcome to you, and don't forget to like, subscribe and share the videos with your fellow trading colleagues. If you find the content that I create useful for your trading right and this week's questions or two questions, two parts from I think the same person. And the first question was that he has a quick question. How do you know what's priced in or what's what the percentage expectation is for other central banks, just like we have the CME FedWatch tool for the Fed. And question two is another question. How do we know the whisper number for some key news events for the dollar, such as non farm payroll, retail sales and or not to show what the whisper number is, but I'm going to guess basically the forecasted numbers. So I think that's basically what it was referring to. So I'll answer that at the end of the analysis video. So stick around for that. If you want to know the answers or my answers to those questions and I will answer the best questions that I feel the best questions in a video in my weekly videos at the end of the video. So if you want your question answered here and it's a good one that I think is a good one, then post it on the YouTube channel and I will get back to you and answer it in next week's video or you have a chance to anyways. So this week, week ahead, first of May, this week is set up to be extremely busy with a number of key events scheduled. Investors will closely follow the US labor report as well as the monetary policy decisions of the Federal Reserve and European central bank. Additionally, talks about earnings there and the service ISM services in manufacturing PMI jobs, openings and external trade data in the US will also be in focus. So central banks in Australia will decide on interest rates while inflation rates will be released for the Euro area, Switzerland was what we look at as well. And the Netherlands finally, manufacturing PMIs are expected from China, Canada is the other two main ones that we're that we're looking at in terms of current season. We don't necessarily trade the Chinese Yuan, but China is important to pretty much the global economy because it is the world's economic engine at the end of the day. And if China is growing and manufacturing is growing, then it should have an effect actually on the commodity currencies like the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and possibly Canada in terms of in terms of oil. So let's see how that works. But getting into some more fundamentals and some technicals and going to the dollar index and the dollar index, just a measure of dollar strength against the basket of currencies like the Euro, the pound and the yen. And we look really just look at the dollar index to kind of get a gauge of overall dollar strength. And so this week, the last five days really has kind of just been in this tight auction, this range between the one oh ones and the low was the one, the 100 area. So it hasn't really moved too much in comparison to what you see in the previous weeks. So what's basically being accepted is the value of the dollar. And what will change this is if anything is unexpected, right? Meaning that fundamentally, if the Federal Reserve decide that they want to hike more than expected, then you're probably likely to see the price of the dollar go higher or likely again, likely not necessarily guaranteed probabilities, but likely to go higher. And but if not, it has a surprise to the market and a negative surprise meaning that the Fed actually don't hike rates, you know, come this week, then you could probably see the dollar start to fall. So that's going to be something to watch. But looking at what happened in the week, so US data, US inflation pressures persist reinforcing case for Fed hike. So the Fed hike pretty much is priced in to a large degree. And so we had core PCE prices gauge rose 0.3 percent in March for a second month. And so services measure watched by Fed's power decelerated. And so two key gauges showed persistent US inflation measures in recent months, but dressing the case for another federal reserve interest rate hike next week. So that's the expectation. And if you go to the CME Fed Watch tool, pretty much it has been priced in. I was 83.9 percent, 84 percent of the market has really kind of priced in, you know, a rate hike. There is obviously a 16 percent chance at the moment that the Fed will hold. But typically you want to go for really the market pricing in and not to necessarily answer the question now, we'll get into that a bit, you know, at the end of the video in terms of what pricing in really means. But also as well, we had US economic growth slow to 1.1 percent, while inflation accelerates, as we know, in the inventory's dented GDP, tempering surge in consumer spending. And so what does that mean? Why you got rising inflation and you've got a slowing economy. And that basically means you've got stagflation concerns, right? Stagflation is when you have slowing economy, contracting economy and rising inflation. So mixed data, US data raises stagflation concern. Stagflation is not an economic environment that is that the Fed wants to really kind of be in. And so it's it's very difficult at the moment for the Fed because they want to try and avoid stagflation and really trying to, I guess, what's the term? I guess an engineer, a soft landing, right? Soft landing meaning, you know, contract the economy, the economy starts to contract, but they'll not go into a deep recession. That would be more of a hard landing. So stagflation fears for the dollar. And so what does that all mean? Pretty much for me, I think the Federal Reserve are going to be one and done. And that's what's expected for that's what's been basically forecasted by lots of banks. And so, you know, rate hike is already priced into how high can it go? It's really all about what the Fed kind of says during the meeting and what the future expectations are as the rate hike is already priced in. So depending on what the Fed say would depend on what the dollar does in the short term. But overall, I think over the long term, medium to long term, which is really where my main focus is, I think the dollar, you know, declines. So if there is a pullback to some degree into one of these areas, the 102, two area, the 102, eight areas, I think that's going to be a really nice pullback to try short dollar and not financial advice. Of course, just basically telling you what I'm doing. Moving on to the dollar yen in the yen this week. There was a big announcement, I'd say, I think is here. Yep, BOJ's radar scraps rate guidance commits to stimulus for now. So the market was expecting there to be a little bit of hawkishness or a little bit of guidance as to whether yield curve control, which is a monetary policy measure to keep the currency devalued, in fact, was potentially, you know, on the way to being removed. And so because radar has reinforces the commitment to easing, yeah, easing QE quantitative easing is a measure that actually devalues the currency and because he's committed to continue with yield curve control. The market has pretty much taken that as, I guess, a short term sell of the yen, but I do think that the policy should want to change at some point this year and any hint that, you know, the radar is going to change the policy should really strengthen the yen. It's just really about a timing issue. So prices came up, prices could have went to the downside as we were kind of analyzing from last week. But unfortunately, the fundamentals didn't follow through for the for the dollar yen. So any dollar yen trades that you're going short, basically, probably likely to get stopped out on that one. But doesn't mean that it's the trade is to go long. Me personally, I don't think I'm really looking to go long on that dollar. In fact, I'll probably look from some sort of short trade in and around these areas and possibly just above that area as well. But I'll wait until probably we get there. You could probably look at it like where is it probably from here to here. And then you've got another supply zone. So one of these supply zones up top. Summing out, I think maybe the one three eights, the top of the one three sevens and then even into the one three eights would be quite a decent area to look for some short trades if prices can get up there. And it also depends on what the Fed do as well. So if the Fed are dovish, I do think that the upside is going to be capped. Dollar, Swiss again, Swiss has been quite strong. Nothing really changed from last week. Just really looking for any type of pullback into a decent zone before getting I think probably short on this. If I was looking for a trade on this pair, I'd rather look to buy the Swiss Frank over the US dollar. But I'm not really interested in this pair to be fair. But if there is I think technically this is really nice. But fundamentally, I think the Swiss Frank has the edge for now. Moving on to the dollar CAD. Yeah, dollar CAD, you know, broke through that supply zone. And as there was some I guess maybe some hawkishness about the dollar and then it's pretty much come down. So I do think. That the eventually the forecasts, bank forecasts do say that the Canadian dollars should eventually strengthen against the dollar. But it would be more about the dollar devaluing rather than the Canadian dollar increasing in value. So get not really a pair that I'm interested in. But if you are interested in trying to get short on this, then a pullback into the one three sevens would be the best place to look for a sell trade. And if you're looking to actually buy it, we're actually in a decent demand zone if you're going to buy the dollar against the Canadian dollar, the US dollar against the Canadian dollar. So we come down into this zone right here. So depending on again, what your bias is fundamental bias, then that actually is a decent zone to look for any kind of long trades intraday. So you just go down into lower time frames and look for some sort of entry if you want to look for that. Now, going back to the day, looking at the Zealand dollar, US dollar and prices did come down to a decent zone. I was saying this last week, a decent area. Didn't quite come into the into the demand zone, unfortunately, but I think if it did, then it could be a decent bounce. Didn't quite come in. But this I think is that this zone is still valid. So if you do get a pullback into the one zero six one area, you want to be a buyer of the Zealand dollar for whatever reason, then I think that is a decent technical area to look for any kind of long trades, short trades. Looking to short this New Zealand dollar and buy the US dollar. I think the first area is going to be at least six to six to twos around here to look for any kind of short trade. We've got that intraday of, I should say, daily support and resistance as some confluence. Pound dollar, pound dollar keeps going from strength to strength. And we've been I had a long bias on the on the pound dollar for a little bit now. And so again, my price is to go long. And prices just keep going higher. So waiting for a decent pullback on this this trade or on this pair. I think that level's probably gone now into that supply zone. So we're probably going to be may head up into this area here, which is supply zone from June 20, 2022. But my bias is to go long anyway. So I'd be looking for any kind of pullbacks into a demand zone. I still think that this zone down into the one to fours, even just one to three fifties and below, I think it's going to be nice for a buy trade if you can if prices can come down into that zone. We have made a higher high. And so there is technically a demand zone right here as well. You do have also a nice decent area of support in that zone as well. And so, yeah, I think the first area to that for any kind of buy trade is going to be again around that one, two, three, fifty area before and even better would be down into the one, two, three's round number. But yeah, anyway, any pullback, I think it's going to be a decent buy. The pound fundamentally. Let's have a look. UK interest rates. Goldman Sachs is quite interesting. Goldman Sachs sees Bank of England. Base case rate rising to five percent almost matching the Fed. So Goldman Sachs, as it expects, UK borrowing costs will close a gap with the US raising its outlook for the Bank of England's key rate to five percent. So the pounds that had a reversal of fortunes this year, it was actually expected to go into one of the deepest recessions out of the G 10 currencies. And it's just raised an incredible bounce back basically since the beginning of the year. Year to date, you can see pretty much the beginning of the year. We've pretty much gone over so over a thousand pips. No, that's 700 pips to the upside. So yeah, it's been definitely a major comeback for the pound and appreciation. And I think it probably will continue. But also as well, one thing to keep an eye on is their GDP, right? GDP numbers and they may suffer the same fate as as the US in terms of stag inflation, where the inflation is still high, but the economy contracts. But for now, all the forecasts are pretty much saying the bank forecasts are saying a higher pound, even as high as one 30s. I've seen forecasts. So any pullbacks, I think are definitely for me anyway, buying opportunities for now, as long as the data supports the narrative euro dollar. So again, my bias is to the upside. You know, one more hike for the Fed is expected and two or three more hikes is expected, although whereas it now Europe, their latest GDP, Eurozone avoids recession, but inflation picks up. So yeah, it was OK numbers, I think. For the Eurozone economically, it just avoided a recession. It was below it the numbers expected. But again, it was above zero. So that was decent for the Euro and inflation picking up, which basically means that the Eurozone inflation fluctuates, tests ECB as it weighs actually a smaller height. Data will be released in 48 hours before Frankfurt session. And what was this? This was the 28th, 29th year. And so. And so, yeah, the numbers to talk about the inflation numbers will be crucial, but yeah, and the economy is crucial for a larger hike because the economy came out a bit. Numbers came out a bit less than expected. I think what they're going to be is a bit more cautious on the hikes, but they still are expected to hike more and further than the US is. So whereas the US are expected basically at one and done, the Euro area and the ECB are actually expected to hike several more times. And so with that being said, any pullbacks, I think, are buying opportunities for the ECB, providing, again, the economy can support their the rate cuts. So any pullbacks into this area, nothing really changed from last week because we had one, two, three, four, five days. Yeah, we haven't really had a deeper pullback in to get really kind of long on this currency pair. Although, again, you can draw a demand zone right there. So yeah, many pullbacks are still one of nine fifties, one of nine would be better, the deeper, the better, right? Ozzy Zola. So Ozzy Zola came down into this lower end of the demand zone and the Australian dollar is actually expected to hold rates. And so they're going to release their statement, the RBA. And I think there is a there is a potential for the this to actually go higher if they do hike one more time. Right, I put down here is one more hike expected in fact, that's not right. In fact, they're expected to hold. And so because they're expected to hold H.O.L.D. Because there are expected to hold at the next meeting, I think this has also been priced in in terms of the hold. So if they do hike, I think the Australian dollar will appreciate or should appreciate because that will take the market by surprise. And so, yeah, I do think that that is there is an opportunity if they do hike, if they do hike rates. Yeah, that's pretty much it. And gold, no, in fact, one second before I do gold, we go back to the Australian just in case you do want to be a buyer of the US dollar against the the US, you've got some supply zones here as well. So, yeah, I think what you need to do, again, if you have a wide area of supply, a daily supply, but one of the one of the things that you can do, one of the things that I look at is just looking at support and resistance within that area of supply. Right. And so if you are looking to trade, which, you know, you don't know which zone to kind of look at, then just look at where you've got, you know, some confluences in that area of supply, one of them being horizontal supply and demand. So that would be really the best area to look for any kind of a short trades or just above it, in fact, in a fresh area of supply. And then finally, gold, so gold looking for another move higher, depending on whether the US dollar, you know, comes in a bit weaker after the rate expected rate hike, I should say. Also, I did find this with HSBC and it talks about the talks about gold, and it says, however, our precious metals analysts think that there may be limits to how high gold prices can go. First, a lot of risk, especially geopolitical and trade risks may have been priced into the market, should market volatility decline, a safe haven and demand for gold may erode. In addition, it is likely to see further dollar weakness this year in a view, in our view, a weaker dollar supports gold prices, but may not propel gold higher as gold prices are at levels consistent with further dollar weakness. And so, yeah, interesting. And they say if anticipated rate cuts for the dollar in the second half of 2023 do not materialize, gold may be undercut. And so there's always that factor as well. The market is expecting gold to actually also the dollar to and the Federal Reserve to actually cut rates. And so if they don't cut rates this year, or the expectation is that they don't do it this year, maybe do it next year, then that has to be priced in and then that could affect the price of gold, right? And so I do think that gold is a buy, ultimately, so any pullbacks into these zones, I think, are decent buy opportunities in 1940s, 1950s, and even better would be down into the 1900s, right? So anyone who missed out on this gold buying, I think it's going to be really nice, a cheap price to buy gold. And you're seeing, in fact, if you're zooming out, we've come up to a high and this is obviously seen as an expensive area for gold, right? Who wants to buy it high? It's nobody. So profiting what we're going on there, maybe some selling, but some reloading on buying for gold, you know, further down. So let's see what happens with gold, but my bias would be to go long. Anyways, guys, that's it for this week. And in fact, I'm going to answer the question that someone sent over. So just as a reminder, two questions. And I think I think starting off with the second question will help answer the first question. And so the first question was, how do you know what's priced in or what the percentage expectation is for other central banks? Just like we have the CME Fedwatch tool for the Fed. And the second one is other. Another question is, how do we know what the whisper number is? I don't know what the whisper number is. I'm assuming that's a forecasted number for some key news events such as the dollar, such as one payrolls, retail sales and all. And so it's really important, actually, in fact, to understand the the concept, first of all, of priced in and what is priced in. And priced in basically just means that any everything that is known in the market, the market has valued already, yeah, has priced in that value. And so you have a situation where there shouldn't be any surprises in the market. And if there are surprises, that's where the market has to now price in new information in terms of the value of an exchange rate. And so if you understand that, then going to the forecasted number and how do we know what potentially is priced in is if you go to any calendar trading economics, right, you'll have a forecast. Right. This is this is trading economics's forecast. And then they have a consensus. So the consensus number will be they'll get from I don't know where to get it from. But basically they do have they somehow get there to get the market consensus number and then they have their their own forecasted number from the data. And sometimes they agree and sometimes they don't. So, for example, you'll see I send manufacturing PMI. You'll see the consensus is four point six, sorry, 46.7. But trading economics will be 46.5. Right. But it's somewhere within that region that that that that number. Right. That forecast now. This is already likely to be priced in on Monday because these forecasted numbers have come out maybe a week or two in advance. And forecasted numbers, I don't know exactly when they come out because economists really have to kind of crunch the data and analyze everything. And then they kind of put it out whenever they put it out. Typically, it might be maybe about a week or two before they released the numbers. Doesn't mean that they haven't done the calculations way before then, of course, because as well, banks also have their own economists and then they've got their own calculations. And so once their economists do their analysis, then that actually has to get priced in as well.  And once you understand what is likely to happen in the future, then you start to either buy or sell or don't do anything. And that's what we're doing. And that's what the market does when it comes to pricing in. So the numbers are really known if maybe a couple of weeks in advance and anything outside of the normal then has to get priced in eventually. And then by the time the retail trader, right, sees the release number, they already know what has been forecasted. They already that numbers, you know, is old because they've they've known what the number is two or three weeks ago. Yeah, or they've estimated or forecasted the number. And so, yeah, that's pretty much, you know, when we talk about what is, you know, priced in and the only way we're going to know what the again, if the forecasting number is, is really from reading either the calendar, the data icon, you know, trading economics or Forex factory or wherever you get your calendar data from or by reading a lot of bank forecasts, which we found and have access to in the Discord group, right? So there's that. And the second work is the first question was, how do you know what is priced in? And so and to what percentage? Nobody really knows what 100 percent is priced in. We have a gauge, I guess, right? And this is one of the best illustrations of it in terms of the Fed Watch tool. And so the Fed Watch tool is just looking at the really straight from the side. It says, what is the likelihood that the Fed will change the federal reserve target rates or interest rates at FMC meetings according to interest rate traders and allows the probabilities of changes to the Fed rate and US monetary policy as implied by 30 day Fed funds futures pricing data.   Now, the closer you get to the event is the more it gets priced in. The further away that you get, you know, to a from an event that may have yet to be priced in because obviously the further out the event, the harder it is to predict, it's easy to predict something that might happen tomorrow than it is something that might happen next year. And so but nobody really knows. These are just tools, you know, that we can use as retail traders, but also as well. If you understand really the relationship between GDP interest rates and inflation, then you can kind of get an idea as to what is being priced in. You don't necessarily even have to look at the Fed watch tool. Because if you understand that, for example, GDP is growing, right? And the same inflation is, you know, above the central bank's two percent target. Sorry, one second. Yeah, that's it. Sorry, I can't even do that. Right, so two percent target. Yeah, GDP is growing and the inflation is above two percent target. Then it's likely that the central bank will start to high crates or continue to high crates. Yeah. And so let's say, for example, on tomorrow, let's say, for example, they have an announcement for this current Federal Reserve announcement, right? So you've got FOMC this week. Now, the federal would have already priced in, you know, this current data, but also as well, they're going to have to try and price in the June's data, right, based off of the probability of them hiking rates at the next meeting. Yeah. So they're always looking at least one month, two months, three months ahead. And what's the likelihood that they will hike based off of today's current data? And so that is really how you're looking or how you should look at the market, right? Is today's data, right? What? How is that going to affect the price in the next month for two or three? And as long as the data keeps supporting that narrative, the market will have to eventually price this data in if it hasn't already. And you know that it hasn't typically because if, you know, they've got a meeting in in in June. And May's data comes out really strong. Then they're going to have to, again, price in the higher chance of there being a hike in June. And that's why you start you start buying in May in expectation for June's rate hike and you buy in June for July or August expected, you know, rate hike. And so, you know, the chances of a rate hike being priced in is is pretty much 100 percent the closer you get to the event. The further away you are from the event, the less likely it is to be priced in. Yeah. And so if you're looking at trading economics or trade or trading or Forex factory and thinking to yourself, well, I'm going to press buy or sell. Yeah. Based off of the number that comes out, you're always you're always too late. It's just not going to happen. You know, the smart money, right, are no.  They're always looking two, three, four months ahead of time. And unfortunately, unfortunately, we, you know, don't have access to all of the central banks, you know, tools. In fact, in the group, we have access to, I think, the Canada one. And then we've got the Australian one. We used to have the Bank of England, but I think they've stopped that now. They used to also be from the CME as well. But but yeah, we don't have that anymore. But ultimately, you don't actually really even need it if you understand, you know, the fundamentals ahead of time and what the data is actually telling you what the central bank is likely to do at their next meeting.  And inflation data tends to come out ahead of the meeting. And so what you're looking for is, you know, the future meeting. And so the data today, if it shows positive growth, then the likelihood is that they are going to hike, you know, at the next maybe meeting or two meetings. Yeah. If the data is a bit somewhat suspect, where you have, you know, data that is, you know, maybe GDP isn't growing or contracting. But inflation is going higher than the chances of them hiking at their next meeting is probably maybe looking, you know, not not so good simply because again, as we covered earlier, that might mean stagflation. And so it's difficult to hike rates in a contracting economy. It depends on how bad or how much the economy is contracting. Of course, there's varying degrees of that. And so that will also play a role in, you know, the future expectations. But just to guess to kind of, you know, summarize and round up and then this. And hopefully you'll understand it is that you should always try to think to, you know, one month, two months, three months ahead. Right. And judging but judging that on what the data is saying today. Yeah. And also as well, if you do read up on analysts thoughts, you know, there's a way smarter minds in us that we should look at and look towards their guidance. If you read maybe 10 different reports and maybe seven are saying that they expect the Fed to hike rates in June's meeting, for example, then go with the majority. Yeah.  And I know there's a time to be contrarian. You can be contrarian sometimes, but at the beginning, when you try to understand fundamentals, I think you should go with the consensus more often than you don't go with the consensus. Anyways, I hope that does help. And yeah, I think that's pretty much it. I think this is something else I should be talking about. Also, as well, actually, matter of fact, here's another thing just quickly looking at the time when we talk about pricing. Yeah, I'm talking about pricing. And pricing isn't just a single binary number, right? It doesn't mean that that is the actual price. It's important to understand that prices are always in some sort of auction or what is known as known as an auction, but, you know, a trader's will look at it as a range. Yeah, a ranging market, some degree. And yet prices do trend. But it typically trend within a range, right? So you can have this could be a thousand pitch, for example, a move to the upside, but overall, it was in a thousand pip auction. But the point I'm trying to make is this is what is known. Yeah, what is known about, you know, this auction and this in this range is that, let's say, for example, the Federal Reserve, you know, the market expects the Federal Reserve to high crates once and the Euro to high crates once as well. Yeah, that is definitely known by the market. Then that is going to be priced in, yeah. And the pricing in is some people are going to, some traders are going to believe that, you know, that it should be an exchange rate of maybe one ten, yeah. And some traders might believe that what is known, yeah, the value of the exchange rate should be something like maybe one oh eights, yeah. Should be basically, you know, a fair value. Yeah, so one oh eight. Not everybody is going to agree on the value of the exchange rate, just like in an auction, yeah. Some people, you know, you might go to a property auction and some people are willing to pay more than others and some others are not willing to pay as much, right? And the same thing applies to the forex market. Some people are willing to pay, you know, maybe one ten. Some people might think that's expensive. Some people are willing to pay. I think that one oh eight is a bargain. So there's a constant auction, right? In terms of what, you know, is known in the market, right? And that is what when prices being accepted like this, yeah, that actually is what is known as priced in. The range between the high, maybe an expensive area and a bargain area, yeah, is what is known as priced in. That is priced in. Priced in isn't just a single number, you know, on a price chart, it's a price range, a price auction. And so you typically have, you know, these price auctions everywhere on different time frames, but I tend to look at the larger time frames and look at the institutional, you know, auctions and where they think that expensive and, you know, a bargain price is and then from there, you know, plan accordingly. And so if new information starts to come in, let's say for example, new information is that the euro is going to, you know, hike, you know, a couple more times then what tends to happen is you then you might get a trending market where it breaks out of the price range and goes higher. And then what you'll get is that will be priced in and then you'll get another auction to some degree and the auction might be between 115 and maybe 112, for example, because that new information has to be priced in once, you know, they discovered that new information, but then once it's priced in, then the value of the, you know, euro dollar would be worth between, you know, 115 and 112. That would be the auction and that would be the priced in number, yeah. So hopefully that makes, that adds to your knowledge in terms of what is priced in and what isn't. So yeah, anyways, guys, take care and all the best, speak to you all soon and have a great trading week.


you are one of the most remarkable CEOs of the history of business and and you promoted a massive change at Unilever and one of the things we want to hear from you is how you could make this change possible transforming the organization in such a large scale as you did. Well let me first before I do that congratulate you what you're doing with Brightline and just explain to me the there's one thing that I always remind people of and that is that at the end of the day execution is strategy and sometimes we belittle it because we like to stay high up there with strategy in fact I've always believed you only should spend about five or ten percent of your time on the strategy part but then the hard work is really the execution and our business with this consumer goods business no consumer buys me because I have a good strategy they buy me because I'm in the store at the right price at the right time and slightly better than the others and that's hard work day in day out so that connection needs to be made what we have seen in Unilever is the enormous power of a strong purpose when a company has a strong purpose that people can rally themselves behind for Unilevers when he founded the company it was making cleanliness common commonplace give everybody access to a clean and hygiene environment we've subsequently translated that into what we call the Unilever sustainable living plan it attracts people it motivates people in the company it generates this extra energy and this aligned purpose that we have we then obviously have to translate that into you know whether rubber hits the road which is our executional plan so for us it meant a plan that for example as part of our strategy decouples grows from environmental impact we then started measuring all of our brands and what impacts were across the value chain in terms of waste or carbon emission or water usage so you have to measure these things otherwise you don't get results we treasure what we measure and then once you have your purpose laid out you have made your strategy around that you put your measurements in place then it becomes a matter of creating first and foremost actually the abilities often we ask people to do things but we don't give them the abilities or capabilities to do this so we invest an enormous amount of time in leadership development finding your own purpose but also putting capabilities in place to achieve these broader objectives that you set and then it's all about enabling the organization to achieve it celebrate success and absolutely you'll get into the future circle you want to be in one point I want also to understand Unilever is a massive organization so how do you break the silos that naturally happen in such a large organization to drive people towards a common goal a common objective so not easy obviously and often where you sit you can get them on a common objective but then it's so high and so abstract that it doesn't penetrate in the real day-to-day business so that is really what you need to to to watch out for what we find is if the purpose is strong enough it is universal it resonates with everybody and it's underpinned with values that are universal for us respect integrity pioneering responsibility and we embed that in all of our organizations and that creates the glue or the trust that makes us work and then you have a organizational philosophy where we empower people actually around that we believe freedom in a framework many organizations become very controlled from the top disempower on the bottom and and you don't get that creativity that drives gross you actually stifle these companies and they decline so we believe that you bring responsibility down to the level of where the knowledge is not easy and obviously when functions are in an organization you have to work very hard to bridge these silos in your compensation systems in designing end-to-end systems that you want to solve and not have these different functions that you call them in an organization live for their own rights we have some challenges there as well I don't want to make it sound you know that easy but we for example have embedded decision rights very clearly and some people in the organization and we say to others you are all there too and able them to be successful we don't say these are the goals for product supplier these are the goals for marketing or these are the goals for sales no we obviously have subcalls to achieve but we say no we have the overall same company goals and better than the purpose and then we have within an organization the people that are the key decision makers that you actually ensure that they are successful so you put yourself to the surface of others that's wonderful and on the top of all your hard work at Unilever you are a champion on sustainability so you talk about that then and of course today everybody's talking how we can translate the sustainability approach the sustainable development goals how we can create a more inclusive word for the future how we can transform these ideas into reality what is your lead I think it's starting to happen and it's actually starting to happen at accelerated speed because in a few years ago still it might have been a discussion of a moral imperative not leaving anybody behind why should someone live in poverty how can you let someone die for lack of food security and now it's actually for the people that don't have that moral compass which clearly seemed to be too many still unfortunately you actually have the enormous economic forces that are driving it now you're in the position where a human mankind has waited so long to address these issues that if we don't start to address them the cost that we will be incurring is already higher than the cost of fixing it that's why you see for example the market moving so fast to renewable energy or electric vehicles or especially on the decarbonization side but you see it coming in in other areas as well I think the best way to address it is actually not always with legislation although at some points in time you need frameworks to get the free riders to be included as well but most of it can be achieved actually more by transparency I certainly believe that we operate in an environment where there is a lack of transparency which actually undermines trust and that's why you see this enormous trust deficit is there for that reason you never put out 50 targets on how we actually see the sustainable living plan being implemented and we report on that every year in full transparency and have discussions around that that has created an enormous amount of trust but because it is transparent it also drives behavior we see clearly for example that companies that publish their financial risk related to climate in their value chain are actually making significantly faster progress than organizations that would not do this so transparency is actually a wonderful thing and the internet should give us increasing possibilities to do that that's that's wonderful thank you thanks for your time for your inspiring once again thank you very much