This wonderful Ladies and gentlemen the president of the United States Accompanied by congressman Jean Taylor and Mel Hancock President you and I could thank you very much. Thank you, John and And I thank you for that great music to the Kikapu chief's high school band the bowl of our liberators high school band and The Southwest Baptist University Bearcats band and let me say a special hello to Wayne Newton Tom Fowler To a great congressman Jean Taylor And a great future congressman and author of Missouri's tax-limiting Hancock amendment Mel Hancock One of America's best governors John Ashcroft and let me say here that as we've worked to restore Respect for values and basics in our nation's schools No governor has done more to blaze the trail than John Ashcroft And one other thing as our administration set America on the path of what is now the longest peacetime expansion on record and As we negotiated the first real reduction in US and Soviet nuclear missiles in world history No one has been a better ally in the Senate and Kit Bond or Jack Danforth And I can't go any farther without a hello to some fellows that I have a personal link to at Southwest Missouri State My brother takes when I first joined they told me it was a fraternity for life, and I can see they're right and Let me also say hello to another group. I take a kind of personal interest in the college Republicans, you know, I watched a certain debate a couple of weeks ago. I Don't often feel sorry for liberals, but I came close I couldn't help thinking the problem with those fellows on the other side is not camera angles or lighting It's not whether their candidate is likable or not No, it's the very thing. They've spent this campaign trying desperately to hide When our liberal friends refuse even to whisper the L word And insist that this election is not about ideology. It's about competence They're just acknowledging that where they want to take America America doesn't want to go But you know the American people always have a way of figuring out the facts Our liberal friends have spent the last three months trying to dress up their agenda in our clothes But somehow nothing fits When they say opportunity they mean subsidies when they say reducing the deficit they mean raising taxes And when they say strong defense they mean cut defense spending No wonder their favorite machine is the snowblower. They talk about it being time for a change Well, where have they been these last eight years? We are the change We began it. We began it eight years ago and the choice this year is to go back to the stagnant status quo of the past Or to go forward with the change When George Bush and I took office America was in the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression high taxes and runaway regulations that driven our economy to its knees with a one two three combination of inflation economic stagnation and unemployment Well, we turned that around Since our expansion began we've created over 18 million new jobs That is more new jobs than Europe and Japan combined And they've got about 50 percent more people to work than we have Today we're in the longest peacetime economic expansion ever recorded We're exporting more than ever before in our history and a greater proportion of Americans and a greater number of Americans are at Work today than ever before in the history of the United States of America Let me I was so surprised to find out a certain figure that I think you would be too When I said that about this proportion of Americans Do you know that what the statisticians call the potential employment pool is? Everyone male and female from 16 years of age on up all the way In other words the total population of the United States except those below age 16 Well today 62.7 percent of that total population Have jobs Between 1977 and 1981. I don't know why pick those years The real income of the typical American family dropped seven percent since then it's soared more than 10 percent Now think of what reducing mortgage rates by over a third means to young families seeking to purchase a new home Think of what reducing inflation to a third of what it was means to families seeking to protect their life savings and Think of what our tax reduction program has meant to families most of whom now pay a top rate of only 15 percent Yes, what you heard in a recent debate. I've heard echoed in my talks with the leaders of many other nations Today they tell me the United States of America is the envy of the world We've come a long way in the last eight years But my friends everything that you and I and George Bush have worked for these last eight years everything Could be lost faster than you can say gun control The liberals talk about reaching for the center But from the economy to national defense they've taken positions only a McGovern could love we've We've achieved arms reduction agreements with the Soviets and a new warmth in relations not through weakness But through our policy of peace through strength, you know You'd think our liberal friends would have learned from that but not long ago former defense secretary James Schlesinger Wrote that their ticket this year seems to be in his words viscerally anti-military They'd cut the B1 bomber. They'd cut the MX missile Our strategic defense against ballistic missiles And if they had their way and what they proposed already we would have to get rid of two carrier battle groups in the Navy You know in fact what they plan for the Navy is so bad That by the time they get through Michael may have to row the boat ashore our liberal friends have promised that come January the Reagan era is over and Their era will just be beginning Well Let me let me ask you something and could you give me an answer loud enough so they can hear it all the way to Boston Come January do you want Washington run by those whose only pledge of allegiance is to more government and more spending and Who have never let the taxpayers dollars out on furlough? Do you want our foreign policy in the hands of those who criticized our rescue mission in Grenada and our strike on Libya and Who always always blame America first? I guess what I'm asking is do you want the liberals in control in Washington? You just made my day yes Yes We've accomplished much these last eight years, but we could have accomplished even more Including I believe balancing the budget if both houses of Congress had been friendly ours is a system of three equal branches of government two branches the president and Congress are chosen by Election the third the courts is chosen by the other two When you vote for a candidate for the House or Senate You're voting for the direction of the country and the world as much as when you're voting for president So if we're gonna keep the liberals out of the White House Shouldn't we ask since we must ride two horses Congress and the president across every stream Shouldn't they both be going the same direction?  Why should we want a big spending Congress? We don't want a president who would cut our defenses why vote for a Congress that wants to do that You know I once belonged to the party of Harry Truman I'll let you in on a little secret. I still do I Know it's often said that the once proud party of Harry Truman is dead and gone That the left has taken over his leadership and now defines it especially its liberal leadership in Congress an old label on a new and very different package, but you know something The party of Harry Truman couldn't be killed Harry Truman's party believed in working Americans and in keeping America's defense is strong and yes in one nation Under God and today The party that believes in that is stronger than ever. It's called the Republican Party you see You see the secret is when we left the Democratic Party Or when the left I should say took over the Democratic Party Then we took over the Republican Party So yes today here and Harry Truman's party is the Republican Party and it's time to give that party a bigger Stick in the Congress and cut the Liberals down to size So let me ask you one or two more questions and again I hope you'll shout your answer so they can be heard all the way to Washington Do you want a Congress that will work with George Bush and not against him? Do you want a new Congress where the Liberals are no longer running the show? Will you turn out and get your friends to turn out on election day and send Mel Hancock to the House of Representatives? Will you Will you go vote and get your friends to go vote and keep George Bush's friend and my friend Jack Danforth in the United States? Senate will you keep a friend of ours in the governor's chair John Ashcroft and Will you give him help he can rely on and make R.B. Grisham part of that great statewide team? You know You know what they say is is true this year, Missouri is a must So you just you just made my day again. I mentioned voting a few moments ago Earlier this year. I had the privilege of doing something. I never thought an American president would be able to do There at the Oscars summit I stood On a podium in the universe the state you in Moscow state university and spoke to those students there About the glories of personal and individual freedom Think of those students only if they're very lucky And rise high in the communist party Will any of them have influence on the course of history? That each american has by just walking into the voting booth The race is still up for grabs So in closing I just asked you to take history in your hands You and I worked much too hard to cut your taxes To let our opponents come into office and raise them all over again So on november 8th Go into that polling booth and do some negative campaigning of your own The right kind of negative campaigning Say no to new taxes and say yes to the republican ticket And if you don't mind one last personal request Win one for the gepper Thank you Thank you and god bless you all Because we love you and because we love what you've done for america We want to give you something special from the Ozarks. We have some of the very best bass fishing In the world around here And we know that what you have done for america george bush will continue for america And the state of missoura and southwest missoura and the land of the lakes Is hooked on bush because we love him and we love you and we want to present this to you 20 minutes and he comes back


Okay. Good evening. Oh, good morning. Hello, everyone. Thank you for being here. Welcome to this meta science session on cloud fight for thin collaboration by making visible invisible health. My name is Sarah ganda. I will be the moderator of this session. I am a researcher of the King, Juan Carlos University in Spain. I'm also co founder of crowd fight. A crowd fight is an initiative born during the pandemic. Who's aim is to match experts with researchers that may need their help. But I'm so very good at that maybe can say hello, if it's possible if not, we'll see everyone. I'm the director of crowd fight and he's also a researcher at the research center of animal cognition in France. And in the first part of this session, he will tell you more about this initiative. In the second part, and Alberto Pascal Garcia, you can say hello to everyone. You don't want to. Hello everyone. Thanks for joining. And he's a board member of the fight and he's a researcher at the ETA to suit it in Switzerland. And he will evaluate the current situation of our project and will describe our current challenges. But before that I wanted to ask the audience, they want to if you want to leave question please write it in the question and answer chat and we will try to answer them later after the presentation. And now I give floor to Alfonso. Okay, thank you very much. I'm going to share my screen. Okay. I hope you're seeing this line now. So, my job today to tell you what is kind of fight and why we are. And this is the outline first. I'm going to try to give you the big picture of what we are trying to do. And I'll tell you why we thought it was impossible at the beginning, why we tried anyway, even though we thought it was impossible and how we're doing it and why we actually think it may be possible even though it's not. So, the big picture comes from the difference between collaboration and health. And to us these two words are very important collaboration happens when two people help each other so a healthy and at the same time be a while help is when only a healthy. I am sort of a biologist and a study cooperation in animals, and these two types of interaction have different names. The first one collaboration is called direct reciprocity, because both of them reciprocate the health, while the second one is what we call indirect reciprocity. Because for this to help. In general, and long term a does need to get some reward from the process. So, the situations in which the second team work are those in which actually, in some way, a gets a reward, usually because somebody else is helping a. The important thing to understand here is that these two types of interaction have very different rules. They both exist at the same time in any society, and they work differently. Collaborations are inflexible. If we think about science, a collaboration in which both scientists benefit is very hard to establish you need to people who have interest in the same question and are going to end up publishing a paper together to both of the benefit. But still they are different people they have different expertise. In the second case in the health. You don't need both to be interested in the same question, maybe researcher be needs a protocol and researchers a can help with that. And any researcher who knows the protocol is a valid partner in the case. The drawbacks is that while the collaborations are self sustained, because both people are interested, and therefore a collaboration can emerge naturally in a situation. The cases with the helping cases require a community require a set of rules where, for example, we make sure that they are not cheaters that there are there are no people who are getting a lot of help without giving anything in exchange. They may even require some infrastructure. One of the reasons the claim I want to make is that science is extremely biased towards the left side of this slide. When we talk about collaboration in science, we always have in mind this direct reciprocity case. When a foundation gives a grant for collaborative project. They are thinking that the researchers are going are going to end up publishing together. One of the things is that shifting a little bit the equilibrium towards more health towards more indirect reciprocity would benefit science a lot would make it more efficient would make it even more agreeable for those who do science. And that it is actually possible to do that. At the beginning, we did not think it was the reason we thought it was impossible or at least I did. I'm not going to go into a lot of detail, but the incentives in science are what they are publication grants, etc. And they are not very well suited for interactions in which one person is going to selflessly help another one without getting any immediate reward. But then what happened is that we did not try to solve this problem, we tried to solve a different problem. What happened was that the pandemic hit, and we had an idea of building a platform just so that any scientist could help other scientists who could make an actual different fighting the pandemic. And then we worked with following. If you have a researcher who's already working on COVID, or at least have the means to start the break working seriously on COVID. But this scientist needs something which is generating us that another scientist can help. So for example, this person is a literature search on Coronavirus for reading mechanism. We would write this request in our webpage, and then we have this person, the coordinator who would understand more or less what they want, and would look for another scientist who voluntarily donate his time or her time to help in this request. And then we would put them in contact. The actual system is more complicated. It goes through these steps. So, first, the request that makes the request, then at the reception stage, we understand what they want, we ask for information if needed. Then the task distribution means that we send it to many volunteers, thousands of them sometimes, we send the brief summary, and each volunteer self assesses whether they think they are capable or not to help. Then we have a person that we call the advisor who shortly the volunteers choosing the perhaps 10 or 20 most suitable one. And then it goes to the coordinator who will actually pick the good one or sometimes it's two or three, but really more and make the contact and follows up to make sure that everything works. So this was the idea. And it worked surprisingly well. It grew super fast. We have more than 40,000 volunteers, we have hundreds of requests, and we have many successful requests in this. The types of requests that we got are very bright from people who needed reagents and were putting contact with someone who could provide them to translations access to data and many more. An interesting thing to note is that many of these requests while they started at something quick concrete in one way. Almost half of them developed into longer collaborations in many cases with quality so even though we started on the side of the health, let's say, in many cases we move to the side of longer collaborations that benefit both sides. And so we thought that it would be nice to give you some concrete examples of, of requests and when to stop sharing my screen. And for example, Alberto has acted as coordinator of many requests and maybe he can share his point of view for some of it. Thank you Alfonso this should be prepared. So, I mean I have many, many favorite request I would say in in mind I remember for instance, one, one company from South Africa asking us for help, because they developed some antibodies from alpaca and they were looking for a BS3 lab which is a high security lab in which you can use, you can test COVID there. And this there are very few labs of this kind in the world so we were able to find a lab in Scotland that they were willing to have them. And these guys were able to neutralize it to show that that this antibodies were able to neutralize the virus there, and it's now following up into into a positive potential in a drug. I like well I was also involved in one in which I particularly like, which is the NGO from Syria that they were asking us to help on how they could rearrange informal camps in northwest Syria which is the area which is now occupied still by the opposition leaders. And so it's a very, it's an area completely immersed in a conflict. How they could rearrange informal camps in order to minimize the spread of the virus so we set up a group of modelers and this ended up also into into a nice paper and also into a policy report with conversations also with opposition leaders in Aleppo. And yeah, I don't know also one in which in Uganda they asked us for help to on how to use a PCR machine that they acquire for for performing tests, and we were able to find one person that were that was able to help them with this with this training. So yeah, I don't know they have many many examples what are you a fun so give me one favorite. So myself for simple I coordinated one that was very interesting it was a translation. So there was a group that they was doing a poll to track the spread of coronavirus through polling, and they wanted to translate it to as many languages as possible. And then the way we set this up was that completely distributed so we, there were like 3000 volunteers who were willing to collaborate. So what we did was we set up many copies of the document to translate one for each language. We send them and we just said, choose your document and choose your language and then translate or review the translation of other volunteers. We had some rules of how to collaborate on this document, but it was completely self organized. And then we thought it was going to be a mess, but actually it worked amazingly well and actually to give an example so we have a system to when you need to send 3000 emails you need like a special system to send them. And it takes a while it takes maybe five minutes not much more. And in this case, so we started to send the email. And before the last email was sent some of the translations were already done. They were already somebody translated somebody reviewed. You could see all the comments of how suggestions of oh I would change this sentence in this way super polite, but everyone super enthusiastic. So it was a really nice experience because also we saw the volunteers interact in real time was really amazing. And in the end we managed to provide a translation to more than I think more than 60 languages. And the system is right now working is called Corona service, and they are tracking COVID in many, many countries. Okay, and so this is maybe the point of view of the coordinators, but Sarah has some videos prepared with other participants. So, yeah, so thank you for saying this stories they are great. So now we are going to search videos that we recorded in a recent symposium that we are nice about the science of collaboration. These videos are from participants. We have to cut some of them because for the sake of time. So the first one. I want to start sharing the screen. This is by Fran Robson, who is a plant molecular biologist at the University of Bristol and see in these videos is telling her experience as sorry. On social media, a friend shared this page on Facebook volunteer your time and skill. If you're a researcher not currently involved in COVID-19 research, you can help. And I thought, you know what, I'm sitting here at home. I'm a molecular biologist. This is something that I can do. So I sought permission from my boss who very generously said that I could have all of the time that I needed to help out, which was great. This is task 241 E as it landed on my email inbox. I'll just summarize for you volunteers were needed to do a literature search and summarize on the proofreading mechanism of coronavirus and research ideas including drug design were also welcome. Coronavirus is tricky. They can resist antiviral nucleosides by carefully proofreading during RNA synthesis and literally just snipping them out. So the research involved wanted to know more about that molecular mechanism in order to help him design better drugs to fight COVID-19. So the requester was while I'm also known as Billy assistant professor at in chemical biology and drug discovery at the Chinese used university of Hong Kong. So he's a medical chemist designing small antiviral molecules and he wanted molecular biology advice. So I was not the only volunteer. And in fact, what Billy decided to do, rather than just asking one scientist to put together a review into proofreading, he decided to ask a team of us coordinated by me and make it a really collaborative effort. So Billy was joined by his very talented research assistant, Kavija in Hong Kong. And then we were also joined by Palmer Russia's lab in France. Her PhD students, Clement Parry, and from Vietnam at Khan Lee. And from Turkey PhD students in him, who was also getting to grips with having to do online tutoring for her for her colleagues. And from from the USA, Peter, who was normally working in France, but had found himself stuck in California when all flights were canceled. So, how did we, how did we go ahead. So, fortunately, my partner Rob, shown in a picture here is a software engineer, which is very handy because I am a molecular biologist, but I'm not very techie. And he suggested, okay, why did you do this using Google Docs might sound simple to some of you, but I've never used it myself. And it was absolutely brilliant. Because in real time, we could all edit, add comments, questions, answer questions, and also use an online reference manager, to take a pile, which again was brilliant because it didn't matter where we were in the world, what the time zone was, we could just put all of the references from our research into a central dropbox. Everyone could access them, download them, read them, and then add them to the growing document. So we decided we did divided the document up into chunks, introduction, middle bit, techie bit at the end, and we all got going. We also use Skype a lot more than I had ever done before in my life, which was zero times. And, and we had regular meetings. I, because I was a coordinator, usually I would choose a very nice time for Bath UK where I live 10 in the morning. But that sometimes meant that poor Peter got the short straw and was, was Skyping with us at 3am. This is just a screenshot of one of our meetings with just a few of the eight participants. And I think we're probably trying to decide if we should give ourselves a deadline. So to cut a long story short, we put together all of our research and published our first review coronavirus RNA proofreading molecular basis and therapeutic targeting. And largely due to the, the ambition and determination of Billy, who was our requester, who would not take no for an answer and wanted this review to make it into one of the top journals as high as possible. We managed to publish this last September in molecular cell, which has got a really high impact factor. And as of today, we have Google scholar citations up to 99. And as you can see from the matrix, there was a lot of interest on social media, something like over 140,000 shared likes and comments so far. So, there were quite a few of us, and it became clear when we were writing the review that we actually had enough material for two reviews. And so we ended up publishing a second review which just came out last month. Again, in a very high journal, thanks to the determination of Billy trends in biochemical sciences. And we published our review called nuclear acid based technologies targeting Chrome viruses, things like antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, CRISPR technology, and of course something very current messenger RNA vaccines. So this has only been out for officially just over a month, very high impact factor and we've already got a few citations and again a lot of interest and shares on social media. Also, we were really fortunate in making the front cover of trends in biochemical sciences last month. And that's because a friend of Palmer, an artist called Luigi Russo put together this beautiful painting entitled messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. And it shows a robot and locking the key to messenger RNA vaccines and handing it to a medic at the frontline. So obviously all of this has been personally very satisfying, good for our CVs, and hopefully especially for the younger researchers involved, the PhD students, great for their career. But the reason we obviously got involved was so that we could hopefully make a difference to the pandemic. And hopefully these two reviews will help people to navigate the frankly vast body of literature that's out there, both historic literature and current literature. And hopefully that will point them in the right direction to making some more breakthroughs. Hello again. Now I'm going to share another video by another person that participated in this initiative. It was a van San Parisi. He is the director of research of a micro microbiology lab in Bordeaux, France. And in this video, he will be sharing his experience as a requester. One second. I'm losing that. Sorry. Okay. I'm having a problem to share this screen. Wait a second. I'm sorry. I don't know what's going on. Guys, I'm having a problem. I don't know if you prefer to. I don't know what's happening. We can continue perhaps Alfonso, could you maybe follow with the. And I can do later. Okay. Or we can. Okay. And. Okay, so then I will continue. I'm sorry you couldn't see the, the other video from a requester. So actually, there's a question from Andrew Miles. Thank you very much for the question who asks if we can do the same thing we are doing for coronavirus, but in more in general, in other fields. And I'm going to answer this exact question for the next five minutes. So let me share my screen again. Okay, so initially, as usual, we thought we would not be able to extend this to any other field. We thought that our system was something that could work during the pandemic because of the exceptional situations, but it was very efficient because you had. A PI like me, for example, acting basically as the secretary of another researcher. So this is okay because we all want to fight the virus, but in general, it's not going to work. However, we were wrong. And we discovered that it can work in general. And this is because there were two surprises that we did not anticipate. The first one is that this image represents what we expected people were going to ask, which means boring and mechanical jobs. We expected people to want other people to transcribe data from a notebook or to do a search or this kind of thing. But what people actually wanted was very technical, highly skilled help. So for example, in many cases, somebody was stuck with the protocol, and they wanted to chat with someone who could help them troubleshoot the protocol. And this is extremely efficient. It saves a lot of time, maybe a couple of hours back and forth in Zoom can save you three weeks of trial and error in your lab. So this creates a lot of value for the scientific community. The second surprise was that we expected that the requesters would be very happy, and because we were helping them with the project, and they were very happy, but the happiest people probably were the volunteers. And you might think that it's because they were helping in the pandemic, but this was only a small part of the story. There is a very strong effect which is the following. If you're a scientist, you will know what I'm talking about.  Everyone in your field has similar skills, and everyone in your field is working on very hard problems and making very little progress. So basically you go to the lab every day and you fail. That's your life. Then one of these skills, you take it and you put it in a different field. So somebody needs this protocol that you master, and with very little effort on your side, you help this other person a lot. You see how your contribution makes a big difference. And this is something that feels really great. This is something that makes you feel, makes you have a real impact in the advancement of science. So even though you are not getting a direct reward in that case, this from a personal point of view is very reward. Because of this, we have found that the system is actually very efficient and it can be expanded to other fields because of four basic ingredients. The first two are the ones I have mentioned. The request or at least part of the request are what we call high value requests that are very efficient save a lot of time to the community. Because of this high value, actually the volunteers are incentivized to help because they see that they have it really useful. And then we find that it's a great way to make useful contacts. So in science, we are very encouraged to work on networking and make contacts that are very important. And usually the way you do this is you go to a conference, you go to the coffee break, you try to talk about the weather with somebody, at least for me, it's one of the most stressful parts of my job. And this is a much more fun to make contact because you will be put in touch with somebody who needs your help, you will discuss something very concrete, very focused for whatever time, and then you will make a friend. As we mentioned actually in some cases, this develops in a long term collaboration and you end up publishing a paper together like in the case we just saw in the video, but even if that's not the case, it's a great way to make a contact with another side. We are actually already used in our culture, it's very common to donate our time to the community. We do this whenever we do peer review. And if you think about it, we only donate our time to control each other. So we review each other's papers, we review each other's grant. And I think we just need to change a little bit the idea and get used to from time to time donating a little bit of time just to help each other to help another side. For this reason, indeed, we have already decided and we have already implemented an expansion. So now we are accepting requests from any field of thought, anybody, any researcher can make a request and we will find an expert to help them. How is it going? So the system works just like it was working for COVID, it's working now. Thanks to the fact that the volunteers are still enough, they still show enough engagement. This shows that, as I said, the incentive for the volunteers is not so much a problem, they are, the incentive is enough even in the current situation. We have, however, important challenges and several limiting factors. The first one is organization. We, in the core team, we are all volunteers, we are scientists that have our own job and our time is very limited. We need more funding, basically, because we have not been proactive enough until now to get it. And surprisingly, we are having less demand than we expected. So we are giving a service for free. And still, the limiting factor is not the response from the volunteers that, as I say, is excellent, is the amount of requests that we are getting. And this could be because our service is not as useful as we think, but the fact is that we have several requesters who are coming back, they make one request, and then once it's finished, they make another. So it's obviously helpful for them. We feel that we are having trouble communicating what we do and sharing with the world what we are. And this is the main challenge that I think we will be discussing over the rest of this session. So this is all on my side. I'm going to stop the sharing and thank you very much. I'm going to try to share one time policy video now. Because we think it's very interesting to do it. I think it's working. Is it working? Okay, I will mute myself. So thanks a lot for inviting me for this meeting. I will just start by introduce myself so I'm working in the microbiology lab. And we are mainly interested in pathogenic genome mobility, including retroviruses replication and integration of the retroviruses genome into the host genome. And when we met as a COVID pandemic, we were working on a different kind of models, including pathogens from humans like retroviruses, bacterial and eukaryotic and prokaryotic transposages. And we developed some models for biochemical assays, recapitulating the activity of the enzymes involved in the process, cell biology approaches, hemacology approaches and structural biology. So when the first lockdown came, what we wanted to do is to participate to the fight against COVID, of course, and to share the different models that we developed in the lab, focusing on the entry stage of the virus, which involves a complex between the virus, spike protein and the H2 receptor from the cell. And the idea was to monitor and quantify the interaction and develop further system to select molecule able to disrupt the complex. So that's why we, we asked to the crew fight network, and we asked some requests. The first one was to get some material, biological matter to start the project. So we asked for expression, plasma, then JC Bloom from the French answer to us and send us all the plasma required for the expression of the proteins. So that is the expression of the protein. This led us to develop in humans, different models for monitoring the association between the two protein using biochemical approaches like perlton alpha screen blitz, and also several systems like viral infectivity, I says, and Sarah interaction essay between the two proteins. So this led us to start a project for screening drugs against this complex. We started to start a virtual docking, asking a new request to provide and Sergio Sousa from Porto and swear to us and developed an individual or in silico model to monitor the association between two protein, leading to monitoring, docking monitoring systems and allowing him to identify jugable sites within the complex between the two protein. So this allowed us to start virtual screening of molecules. So more than 70,000 molecule have been screened led us to select less than 10 drugs and finally two drugs that were able to inhibit the infectivity of the various in different kind of cells. We were ready to answer to new requests based on the different tools that we have developed and we answer to several requests from the qualified coming from different lab from Marseille, Bordeaux, but also Abidjan in Africa, and also in Asia. And so lab asked us to test different kind of molecule using all the systems that have been developed and this led to the identification of new drugs and especially to one that are currently under studies and we're fun to be able to block the entry steps of the virus in different kind of cell, including the natural cell pulmonary cells. So, as you can see, and I hope I convinced you that our interaction with the qualified peoples led to a very efficient collaboration in few months less than one year we were able to develop new tools thanks to the interaction with the different teams from qualified. We selected drugs from about 70,000 initial compound and several manuscript are being published or are under preparation. And more importantly, we have one or two patterns under progress, progress about source new molecules that can be efficient on the verification. We are currently answering to additional requests based on the model that we have developed thanks to provide interaction, especially for studying the entry stage of the bar replications or protein protein infestage. And also we're currently working on bar entry. We are fully ready to work with all the additional people that could be interested in the context of the new profile network. So, again, thanks a lot. I just want to mention that in addition to new information about bar replication, we also increase our own collaborative network additional group have joined us with very specific skills that were not available before in our team like physical physics, but also in silicon civilization, and of course, people that are experts in current of our application analysis and study. So again, thanks a lot and we are ready to answer to new requests based on our skills and expertise. Thanks. Okay, so here I'm back again. Now we are going to pass to the second part of this session. So I give floor to Pasco who will tell us about how is our current situation and our current. Thank you, sir. Okay. So I'm going to share my screen as well. And yeah, a little bit. So the next session will focus a little bit more into the challenges on new perspectives what we have learned so far from from our platform know and what I think there's a few things that that could be very relevant for for meta science. First of all, we have recently transition from crowdfied COVID-19 as Alfonso explained to a more general branding like crowdfied with we extended our collaborative model to any scientific area. And in doing so, we feel that the number of requests we are receiving are still far from what we believe we should receive as to be a real game changer know on this. So, which are the reasons for that. There are some obvious reasons know as someone that has mentioned in the in the chat. So crowdfied COVID-19 has a sense of urgency people was really willing to help. Well, now if we are open to any scientific question this is harder to find know indeed. It was a clear target. It was COVID-19. Now it's difficult to know what we are crowd fighting if we are open to any scientific area. And of course there was a perfect timing for for COVID-19. And now I would say that even people is a little bit tired know people wants to rest a little bit of science all of those involved in COVID-19 as well. But I think that there are some questions that go beyond these obvious reasons and this I think what could be interesting for meta science. First of all, the credit. So nowadays in science we are living a very hard competition this is this graphic illustrates how the number of PhDs awarded increases a much faster page than the number of faculty positions so if you're thinking on working in academia you will experience a very, very hard competition. And more importantly, how typically decisions are taken on who will get these positions are focused on a single item which is the number of publications so we are living in this published or various world, which with very, very bad consequences right the increase of predatory journals for instance the rise of misconduct cases. So we think that a very important thing is that every little aspect of the activities of scientists should be visible. We should try to make these things visible. And from our perspective, the thing that we are trying to do is the most basic thing with we can think of is, well, let's report all the activities that our users are having in our platform. So we created this community in Senado in which every request is recorded with a document in which we describe what happened in the request we describe the people involved to give them credit and importantly, we are giving them a digital object identified with which they can, they can use in their curriculums. In addition, I think we are, we are looking a little bit forward and thinking we like this particular kind of model you probably know a stack exchange. And in this communities, this is the profile of one user and you can very clearly see the activity of this user how he's involved in different communities, the different batches that this person got for his or her activity. And we think that this is a very important mechanism to be created to people and we are considering the possibility of using this kind of profiles. In our workflow, as Alfonso explained, we have very different roles, and all these roles can be recorded every single activity is put that can potentially be recorded. And what we are working now with is more in the user interface technology to try to give credit in every single step to users and record it in a single in a single profile. The second question is the scope. What I mean is that in the beginning when we were crossing COVID-19, as you can see here, these are the numbers of the, the number of people involved in the different steps in red that are those related with the internal organization as you see since several people is involved in the same in several roles with less than 50 people we were able to manage 1000 requests or not currently more. With the help of tens of thousands of volunteers. Now when we transition to crowdfied, we were expecting increasing one order of magnitude this is what we would say that we are really a game changer or we are not at that point. Sorry. And we think that one of the reasons is that increasing the scope, we have reduced the feeling of belonging of our users. And this is also translated in the social dynamic the social dynamics that does not feedback as fluently as before the sense of community, perhaps is being lost with this increasing the scope. And so, we are considering now, perhaps to re branch the crowdfied into to redesign crowdfied using different different branches know for instance focusing on particularly urgent questions like climate change, or in a small community that may help us to spread the spread the the project in word to mouth manner, perhaps supported through partnerships of scientific societies foundations that will help us to feed these these communities. Another question is about engagement and scaling up. I think that when we when you're working in a project like this one that you feel that it's really important and that we tend to think that the things will happen naturally organically and that nothing else should be done. But think that uses spend a lot of time in front of a screen. And so, in a way we need that this interaction with their screens are interesting. And let me come back to this profile of a static chain and to emphasize that some of the of the badges that this person is getting are in a way fun know this person is a guru is a citizen pattern. These are things that, well, perhaps for a is not is too informal for an evaluation agency know, but they think that we could try to work in this direction and to start also to look at least for solutions similar in a speed have more formal that than this know but I think it's important to get this this kind of incentives for the users. And indeed, one thing that we are considering is that if we will be able to increase this number of requests one order of magnitude. The next bottleneck would be here in these steps in which we is one of the distinctive traits of crowd fight that these steps here the advisor and coordinator steps are done by scientists that we trust, we know them, we train them. We are doing their job properly, but it's heavily centralized. So, we could transition to a model in which we have just this final step, let's say a checkpoint of quality, which is centralized, and we could try to transform these two steps here in which in a way to use volunteers, as well as advisors in a self organized How could we convert helpers into advisors. One possibility would be to create peer to peer games. So, since volunteers are those that are answering to our requests, we could use them to evaluate the request themselves in a peer to peer manner. In order to build a consensus answer, then a comparison between the answers that everyone has provided and the consensus answer, give us a very easy way to evaluate its, its volunteer participating to incorporate their responses and to give a score of the importance of of their of their responses and in this way increase their reputation. So we think that this could be a way to scale up and also engage users in this kind of of platform. And to finish, I would like to just mention one of the of our main challenges which is funding. When we started, we were saying, well, we have to do this, it's important, who cares about funding, and indeed all craft members are volunteers. Most of our members work on public institutions that is not trivial because there might be incompatibilities to do other stuff. And it's a nonprofit organization registered in Europe, which is somehow relevant as well because in Europe, I think we do not have the culture of donations that is happening for instance in the USA. So indeed we do care because if we want to scale up, the organization is running for costs that might be unaffordable if we grow, and we really think that professional stuff is needed.  Of course, we are asking for donations we have in our website you can donate. We also have merchandising you can you can buy and we are asking for public and private grants. For instance, our main funder so far is the European Open Shorts Cloud. And still we think that we need more funds for the long term. So we wonder now if it is a free and independent service be able no indeed Wikipedia could be one of the models that we would like to follow but it might be an exception more than a rule. So should be should we perhaps transition to a hybrid model like many open source software companies in which part of the services are free and part have a cost. So these are these are things that we are also eventually considering. So as take home messages. I think that the four things are credit I think it's important to make visible in science invisible help the invisible activity. The scope if you have one organization of this kind and you want to have a nice social dynamics perhaps sometimes a small community is better less is more. The scale up your organization perhaps social interaction and engagement are important questions to consider. I'm funding this is an open question for us as well that we will be very happy if you can give us feedback on that. So if you want to help us. Of course you can sign up as in crowdfight as helper you can make a request you are very welcome. Please tell people about us if you can give you invite is to give a talk, donate, give us feedback and ideas I will give you our slack channel in the chat as well if you have further questions that we are unable to answer now. And I will finish to with a big thing to the core team. I can tell you that all these people has slept very few hours during the pandemic. And a big thing as well to the crowd fight helpers because they are our community and without them we cannot, we cannot perform our service. And thank you for your attention. I will stop sharing now. Yeah, we'll be very happy to answer your questions. Yeah, so there are a few questions I'm going to read them and you can choose who answer. Okay. So the first one is, did you have any pathological or otherwise destructive request or and how did you manage that. So maybe I can take this one. So, in general, I would say very few that the, the general impression I want to emphasize is, is super positive. Requestors are usually extremely grateful at the end. Actually, this is one of the things that is best about what we're doing the feeling that you get at the end of per request when everyone's super happy. We have had a some case where there was a conflict. It's well below one person. It's very rare. And in these cases. So what happens is we have very little actual power because we are so we basically make contact between people but we have little, little power after that. And what we have decided to do, which I think is the best we can do is to try to set the expectations as clearly as possible. So we, we are trying to clarify a bit more what is expected from the interaction what kind of ethical rules should be followed and so on and so forth. We always emphasize people at the border request and the volunteer to discuss the details of the collaboration in advance but besides that we try to set their expectations. And we are also trying to surrey more actively so to ask actively whether there are any conflict. Sometimes not directly but make questions that would make conflict visible so that we are aware. And then we are also considering ways to in in the case that actually, yeah, it might arrive a case where we want to basically ban a given requested because we think that their behavior was unacceptable. This is very hard to do because who decides. But actually, we are considering for example something which could be agnostic. In the sense that at the end of the request, we send a little story both to the requester and to the volunteer, what how it was, whether the request was sold, and so on and so forth, and how kind how nice people work. And what we are thinking we could implement something where if a volunteer say that you were not good, then I'm sorry we don't judge, but you cannot make another request even that the service is for free and this is more like something you get than a right or whatever. It would be okay that if you don't get a very good rating, then you cannot come back. This is not implemented yet these are just ideas, and we haven't. So, we are, we are working on them but as I say, it's very rare to have any conflict in general the response is extremely positive. So we are implementing this but yeah, it's not not yet finished. Thanks, so we have a ranking of questions with the likes so I'm just following this. So, Rose Franzen is asking what has a long question, while ensuring documentation of the work done is in is an important step. I think perhaps one of the bigger issues is that oftentimes the invisible work, especially if it is coordination related data management library science work. It's under evaluated with within academia, not seen as a valuable scholarly contribution, at least in terms of prestige status promotion, etc. Do you have any thoughts on that on whether or not increasing credit documentation alone will be enough to increase incentivization. Right. I think it's completely it's completely right this this question it's what we are offering is what we are suggesting is that documenting is a necessary condition of course it's not sufficient, because the evaluation agency should start considering all the kind of activities. I think, little by little this is changing for instance in the European Union, at least it's more and more important to have outreach in in in our scientific activity. And what we hope is that if we make visible these invisible steps. This will start having more presence also in the city so of people and people will start putting this forward. I think this is something that I don't know if in the short term perhaps it's just the drop that you know, balance towards one person or the other one. But we hope that at least in the long term this will change our vision of what excellence means, which by the way there is a session on that after our session that might be very interesting to follow. Roberto. So we have another interesting question by money a baker. She's asking, can you compare contrast crowd fight with other ways that researcher could ask a stranger for help, like protocols.io Twitter called email various targets like conversation. What else. Yeah, I could perhaps say a few words on this. I think that the mostly perhaps in important signature let's say of crowd fight is that is this steps that are centralized that there is people behind looking for the right expert for you so this will not happen. But of course you can you can have an idea of who is an expert and you can write an email to this person and this person may ignore you and may ignore us as well of course, but the good thing is that with the help of the helpers. We have a very large variety of experts that may help this person and sometimes the first one does not work that but the second one will work. Another interesting feature I think is that this is happening in a way it's private. So there is people that it's perhaps a little bit more reluctant to share their research or, or to ask for help. And this is an easy way to do it. I think it's a very, very convenient in this way. I mean, I would like to add a thought to this, just because and so the question. I mentioned two specific ways, and we have been thinking about them so Twitter, that's great many people get a lot of good help there, but it correlates a lot with how popular you are. So it's great for famous people, but if you're not famous, that's worth one. And the other is called emails, which means you just send an email to someone who doesn't know you and you are for help. We should be doing this. So sometimes when a request is hard, we do this, we send an email to someone who doesn't know, who doesn't know us, and people actually respond and they are very helpful. So here is a question of culture, people are not used to just asking for help. And even if this is the only thing we do. Like, change this culture, I think we will be successful. It's just, sometimes it's just changing the mindset. It's not that we are doing something particularly special. Great, thank you Alfonso. We have a comment, and I think you probably want to comment something about that. It's by Andrew Miles, and here this is more of a comment. A theme of this conference has been the need to improve the methodological rigor of science, possibly by putting subject matters part into contact and collaboration with methodological experts. It seems to me that there would be a huge market for a platform like Crawfide that could facilitate this connection. So feel free to comment on a comment. And I completely agree that this is true. Actually, I think that a little bit is what happened in the video of Vincent Parisi. He was seeking for a computational biologist expert and he found it through Crawfide. But let me tell you one example we are considering as well, which is in a way similar to what this person is commenting, which is Crawfide fake news. So Crawfide would be as well a good way to look for experts that determine whether a new that is willing to be published is scientifically sound or not. So very last question from Olavo. Can you give a general panorama of the main kind of scientific skills that are currently included in the request just to give an idea of how community specific the platform at stake has been? Yeah, so I would like to emphasize we have no limits to any field. We accept requests from any field. We have to volunteer from any field, even non-science. But it's true that we have a very strong bias to biology and especially would say molecular biology and bioinformatics. Those have been, I think, the most, maybe 80% of requests are in those areas. Of course, virology, etc. But yeah, I would say those are the heaviest. But again, every field is welcome in Crawfide. Great. So I think we don't have any more questions on this time. So we want to thank everyone for being here. Both of you for giving this great talk. And I hope everyone enjoyed as much as I have done and probably you. That's probably all. Maybe see you soon in another meta science or science of collaboration meeting. Thank you very much, everyone.


Okay, we're back here at theCUBE and all the action here at Mobile World Congress. Cloud City, I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. We've got a great remote interviews. Of course, it's a hybrid event here in theCUBE. And of course, Cloud City's bringing all the physical face-to-face and we're going to get the remote interviews. Peter Aderton, founder, chairman, CEO of Mobile X Global. Nicholas Gerard, founder and CEO of OxyO. Gentlemen, thank you for coming in remotely onto theCUBE here in the middle of Cloud City. You missed Bon Jovi last night. He was awesome, a little acoustic unplugged and all the action. Thanks for coming on. Ah, thanks for having us. All right, Peter and Nicholas, if you don't mind, just take a quick 30 seconds to set the table on what you guys do, your business and your focus here at Mobile World Congress. So I'll jump in quickly, being the Australian. I'll go first, but just by way of background, I've founded a company called Boost Mobile, which is one of the, it's now the fourth largest mobile brand in America. And spent a lot of time managing effort in that space and now launching Mobile X, which is kind of the first cloud AI platform that we're going to build for mobile. Awesome. Nicholas? So I'm a founder of a company called OxyO. What we do is basically a telecom as a service platform for brands to basically incorporate telecom as part of their services and learn from their customers through what we call telecom business intelligence. So basically making sense of the telecom data to improve their business across retail, financial services, and the men economy. Awesome. Well, thanks for the setup. Peter, I want to ask you first, if you don't mind, the business models in the telecom area is really becoming, not just operate, but build and build new software-enabled software defined just cloud-based software. And this has been a change in mindset. Not so much a change, so much in the actual topologies per se or the actual investments, but it is a change in personnel. What's your take on this whole cloud powering that change in the future of telco? Well, I think you've got to look at where the telcos have come from in order to understand where they're going in the future. And where they've come from is basically using other people's technology to try to create a differentiation. And I think that that's the struggle that they're going to have. They talk about wanting to convert themselves from telcos into tech-cos. I just think it's a leak too far for the carriers to do that. So I think we're going to see the pushing 5G, which you see they're doing out there right now, then they start talking about open-ran and cloud. And at the end of the day, all they want to do is basically sell you a plan, give you a phone attached to that and try to make as much money out of you as they possibly can. And they disguise that basically in the whole technology 5G open-ran discussion. But they really, I don't think care. And at the end of the day, I don't think the consumers care. Their model isn't built around technology. The model's built around selling you data. And that's their fundamental principle and how they do that. And I've seen them go through from 2G at 3G, 4G, 5G. Every G we see come out has a promise of something new and incredible. But what we basically get is a data plan with some minutes for it. Yeah, yeah, totally right on. And I think we're going to get into the whole edge piece of what that's going to open up when you start thinking about what the capabilities are. And the new stakeholders who are going to have an interest in the trillions of dollars on the table right now up for grabs. But Nichols, I want to get to you on this whole digital first thing because one of the things we've been saying on theCUBE and interviewing folks and riffing on is if digital drives more value and there's new use cases that are going to bring on that's going to be enabled by software. There's now a new stakeholder's coming and saying, hey, you know what? I need more than just a pipe. I need more than just the network. I need to actually run healthcare. I need to run education on the edge. These are now industrial and consumer related use cases. I mean, this is software. This is where software and apps shine. So cloud native can enable that. So what's your take on the industry as they start to wake up and say, holy shit, this is going to be pretty massive when you look at what's coming. Not so much what's going to be replatformed, but what's coming? You know, I mean, I think it's where I kind of join peers on this, right? There's been pretty significant like innovation on the care side for, you know, if you think about it, like, you know, 30 years or so of like just reselling plans, effectively, which is a virtual slice of the network they built. And all of a sudden they start competing against, you know, the heavy weights on the internet we have, you know, putting the bar really high in terms of, you know, latency in terms of expectation in terms of APIs, right? We've heard about telecom APIs for 15 years, right? It's a nothing comes close to what you could get if you start building on top of a stripe or a Google. So I think it's going to be hard for a lot of those companies. You know, what we do is we try to bridge that gap, right? We try to build on top of their infrastructure to be able to expose modern APIs, to be able to open up a programmatic interface so that innovators like Peter is are able to actually really take the user experience forward and start, you know, building those specialized businesses across healthcare, financial services and whatnot. Yeah, David Lante and I were on theCUBE yesterday talking about how Snowflake, a company basically sits on top of Amazon, built almost nothing on the infrastructure, built on top of it and was successful. Peter, this is a growth thing. One of the things I want to get your thoughts on is you've had experiences in growing companies. How do you look at the growth coming into this market, Peter? Because, you know, you have new opportunities coming in. It's a growth play too. It's not just take share from someone, it's net new capabilities. Yeah, here's the issue you've got with the wireless industry is that there's only a very few amount of them that actually have that last mile covered. So if you're going to build something on top of it, you're going to have to deal with the carrier and the carrier has kind of like a duopoly slash monopoly because without their access to their network, you're not going to be able to do these incredible things. So I think we've got a real challenge there where you're going to have to get the carriers to innovate. Now you've got the CEO of Deutsche Telecom coming out yesterday saying that the OTT players aren't paying their fair share. And I sit back and go, well, hang on, you're selling data to customers who basically are using that data to use apps and OTT. And now he's saying, well, they should pay as well. So not only should the consumer pay, but now the OTT players should pay. It's a mixed message. So what you're going to have to do and what we're going to have to do as a growth industry is we're going to have to allow it to grow. And the only way to do that is that the carriers are going to have to have better access, allow more access to their networks. As Nico said, let the APIs become more available. I just think that that's a leap too far. So I think we're going to be handicapped in our growth based on these carriers and it's going to take regulators and it's going to take innovation and consumers demanding carriers do it.  Yeah. It's interesting about, I was just talking to Danielle Royston DR here, Telco DR and she said, I was talking about O-RAN and there's more infrastructure that's needed. She said, no, it's more software. I don't disagree with her, I do agree with her, but I also think that the O-RAN points to Nicholas, kind of this idea that there's more surface area to be had on the scale side. So standardizing hardware creates a lower fixed cost so you can get some cost reduction. And then with standardized software, you get more enablement for hardened openness. I mean, open source has already proven you can still be secure. Obviously cloud was once said, could never be secure and most probably more secure than anything. What's your take on this whole O-RAN commodity standardization mission efforts? I think it's, I mean, it goes along the second phase, right of what the differentiation in the telecom was, you know, early on specialized boxes that are very expensive, you know, that you get from a few vendors, then you have the transition over to software with lower the price as you were mentioning, you can run on off the shelf hardware. And then we're in the transition which is what Danielle is evangelizing, right? Transition towards the cloud, specifically the public cloud because there's no such thing as a private cloud really. And so open run is just another piece where you can make the Legos connect better effectively and just have more flexibility. And generally the game here is to also break the agenda money from the vendors, right? Because now you have a standard so you don't necessarily need to buy the entire stack from the same vendors, you have a lot more flexibility. You know, you've probably followed the same debate that we've all seen, right? With the push against Huawei, for instance, this is extremely hard for an operator to start ripping out the entire vendor because most of the time they own the entire stack. With something like Orion, now you can start mixing and matching with different vendors. But generally, this is also a trend that's going to accelerate the move towards the public cloud. That's awesome. Peter, I want to get your thoughts because you're basically building on the cloud and because you don't mind chiming in to kind of end the segment on this one point. People are trying to really get their minds around what refactoring means. And we've been saying and talking about, you know, the three phases of waking up to the world, reset your business or reboot, replatform to the cloud and then refactor, which means take advantage of cloud-enabled things, whether it's AI and other things, but first get on the platform, understand the economics and then replatform. So the question, Peter, we'll start with you. What does refactoring actually mean and look like in a successful future execution or playbook? Can you share your thoughts because this is what people want to get to because that's where the value will come from, that's where the iteration gets you. What's your take on this refactoring? So I always, I mean, we're in the consumer business. So I'm always about what is the difference going to make for the consumer? So, you know, whether you, and when you look at refactoring and you look at what's happening in the space, is what is the difference that's going to, what are the consumers going to see that's different? And are they willing to pay for that? And so we can strip away the technical layers and we all get caught up in the industry with these buzzwords and terms. And at the end of the day, when it moves to the consumer, the consumer just sits there and says, so what's the value? How much am I paying? And so what we're trying to do at MobileX is we're trying to use the cloud and we're trying to use kind of innovation into create a better experience for the consumer. One way to do that is to basically help the customer understand their usage patterns. You know, right now today, they don't understand that. Right, if I asked you how much you pay for your mobile bill, you would tell me, my cell phone bill is $150, but I'm going to ask you the next question. How much data do you use? You go, I don't know. Right, and then I'd say, how am I starting? Well, you'd say limited, right? I go, I don't know.  You're basically paying for a service that you have no idea what you're getting and it's designed by the carriers to scare you into thinking you need it. So I think we've got to get away from the buzzwords that we use as an industry and just dumb that down to what does that mean for a consumer? And I think that the cloud is going to allow us to create some very unique ways for consumers to interact with their device and the usage of that device. And I think that that's the holy grail for me. Yeah, it's a great point. And it's worth calling out because I think if the cloud can get you a 10x value and a reduction in cost compared to the competition, that's one benefit that people will pay for. And the other one is just, hey, that's really cool. I want, I value that. That's a valuable thing. I'll pay for it. So it's interesting to get the cloud scale there. It's just a good mindset. Yeah, so it's always, I always say to people, you know, I've spoken a lot to the dish guys about what OpenRan's going to do. And I keep saying them, so what's the value that I'm going to get from a consumer? And they'll say, oh, it's flexible pricing plans. They're now starting to talk about, okay, what the end product is of this technology. You look at eSIM, right? eSIM's been around for a long time. It's only now that we're starting to see eSIM technology get enabled. The carriers bought that for a long, long time. So there's a monumental shift that needs to take place and it's in the four or five carriers in our countries. Nicholas, what's your take on refactoring?  How do you get to refactoring and how do you execute through that? I mean, it's a little bit of what Peter was saying as well, right? The advantage of that point is to be, you know, all our stuff basically lives in the cloud, right? So it's opportunity to get that closer. You know, just having better latency, making sure that, you know, you're not losing your photos and your data as you lose your phone and just make the better access in general. I think ultimately, like the push to the cloud right now is mostly just a cost reduction tactic. Sorry, the carriers are concerned, right? They don't necessarily see how they can build that break and then from there start interacting with the rest of the entity world and, you know, Netflix is built on Amazon and companies like that, right? So as you're able to get closer as a carrier to that cloud where the data lives, this is also just empowering better digital experience. Yeah, and I think that's where the proof point will be there. As they say, that's where the rubber will meet the road or proof is in the pudding, whatever expression. Once they get to that cost reduction, if they can wake up to that, whoa, we can actually do something better here and make, oh, and if they don't, someone else will, right, that's the whole point. So final question as we wrap up, ecosystem changeover, a lot more ecosystem action. I mean, there's a lot of vendors here in Mobile Congress, but real quick, Peter, Nicholas, why don't you take on the future of the ecosystem around this new telco? Peter, we'll start with you. Yeah, I look, I mean, again, it keeps coming back to where I see that consumers have driven all the ecosystems that have ever existed. And when I say consumers, I also talk IOT as well, right? So it's not just the beta C, it's also beta B. So look to the consumer and look to the business to see what pain points you can solve and that will create the ecosystem. None of us bet on Uber, none of us bet on Airbnb. Otherwise we'd all be a lot richer than we are today. So none of us took that platform. And by the way, we've been in mobile and wireless and kind of that space, smart phone space for a long time. And we all miss those applications. And if you ask a CEO today of a telco, what's the 5G killer application that's gonna send 5G into the next atmosphere? They can't answer the question. They'll talk about drones and robotic surgeries and all things that basically will never have any value to a consumer at the end of the day. So I think we've got to go back to the consumer. And that's where my focus is and say, how do we make their lives better? And that will create the ecosystem. Yeah, I think they go for the low latency and whatnot. But yeah, it's going to be, we'll see what happens. Nicholas, your take on ecosystems as they develop a lot more integrations and not customization. What's your thoughts? Yeah, I think so too. I mean, I think going back to, you know, again, like 20 years ago, the network was the product, connectivity to the product. Today it's a building block, right? It's something that you integrate as part of your experience. So the same way we're seeing like conversions between telecom and financial services, right? You see a lot of telcos trying to be banks, banks or fintechs trying to be telcos. So it's a blending of that, right? So at the end of the day, it's like, what is the experience? What is the bobbin beyond the connectivity? Because customers at this point, it's not differentiated based on connectivity. They come just a busy commodity. So even as you look what Peter is building, right? What is the experience bobbin beyond just buying a plan that I get out of it? Or if you're a media company, you know, how do I pair my content or resolve real problems? Like for instance, we work a lot with the NBA and TikTok. They get into markets where, you know, having a video product at the end and people not being well connected, that's a problem, right? So it's an opportunity for them to bring the building block into their ecosystem and start offering solutions that are differentiated. Awesome. Gentlemen, thank you so much. Both of you, both experienced entrepreneurs and executives, ride in the wave on the right side of history, I believe. Thanks for coming on theCUBE, I appreciate it. Thanks for having us. If you're not riding the wave the right way, you're Driftwood and we're going to toss it back to the studio. Adam and the team, take it from here.


In a large city and in the territory on west, there's just one way to handle the killers and the spoilers, and that's with the U.S. Marshal and the smell of gun smoke. Jim Conrad, the story of the violence that moved west and the story of a man who moved the first man they look for and the last they want to meet. It's a chancey job, and it makes a man watchful, and a little lonely. If you like this, that'll go pretty good. You sit still, man. I'll get it. I'll get a picture for you. Just in case. Thank you. Dog days, Matt. It's days like this I wish I was back in Kansas City. Just as bad there. Well, at least there's something happening to keep your mind off it. Mr. Dillon, quick. Come here. Well, what is it, Chester? There's an elephant out here in the street. Oh, oh. Alright, Chester. An elephant right here on the plaza. I could use an elephant in the street today, man. You're a signature, learn to do tricks and everything. Chester, would you get in out of the sun? He's gone. You know, Chester sees things even on a good day. Oh, hey, Matt, you in here? Yeah, Doc, I'm in here. That sun's bright out there. I can hardly see you, Matt. Well, I'm in here, Doc. Now, what do you want? Well, I thought it was Marcia around here. You'd be interested in knowing that there's an elephant out in the street. Yeah, so I hear it. But it's true, Matt. It's really true. Well, I can't stand it any longer. Neither can I, Kitty. All right, Doc, what's it really all about? You'll see, Matt. You'll see. An elephant out here. Yeah. He's advertising the circus. I see him. Wait a minute. You're with that man with Jenny. They're giving me this handbill. Jenny? Yeah, that's the elephant. Jenny. Oh, let me see the handbill. Bannock's Grand International Circus and Menagerie. Bannock. The show's going to be here tomorrow, Mr. Dillon. Two o'clock. I'll be back in a minute. Yeah, but, Mr. Dillon, what's the matter with you, Miss Kitty? Hey, mister. I'd like to talk to you. Me? Uh-huh. Oh, of course. Now, Jenny, salute the Marshal. Trunk up. I'm Jim Conger, Marshal. Maybe you're here to me. I used to be billed as a human fly. I could fly them anything, anywhere, but I got too old for it. Now, I'm the best bullman there is. Mr. Conger, are you with the Bannock show? Yes, sir. Now, you're planning to play here in Dodge? Yeah. Tomorrow, grade 10, show it, too. Of course, no tickets needed for the loss. You have to have a permit to play in Dodge. Well, we know that, Marshal. You wasn't in your office when I came looking for one. Mr. Conger, I'm responsible for the peace in Dodge City, and I'm not going to sign a permit for this circus to play here. Well, why's that, Marshal? You know as well as I do, why? For what happened in Hayes City and a few other towns where that show is played. I don't want any riots here in Dodge. Oh, you know about them things? Two people were killed in Hayes, weren't they? Well, I reckon so, but, Marshal, that don't say that it happened here. I can't take that chance.  Oh, I can't do that, Marshal. Why not? She wouldn't listen to me. She's a strong woman. She? Yeah, Maggie Bannock. She's my wife, Maggie, is. She used to be known as Dainty Margarita, the strongest woman in the world. Well, Marshal, she could lift five men at one time when she was younger. Look, Mr. Conger. I'd rather not have to tell her what you said. All right, Mr. Conger. You show me where I can find Maggie Bannock. And I'll tell her. You know, Mr. Dillon, when I was back in Texas and the weather got extra dry and it was hot and people began getting on each other's touch bones more unusual, you know what happened? No, what? Well, sir, just when it seemed like everything else had gone wrong, the circus had come to town. Chester, what do you try to say? Well, back in Texas, after the circus had came and went, everything was different. It was? Oh, yes, sir. Somehow it didn't seem near as hot and as dry and you even forgot what you was fighting with your friends about. That's the way it worked in Texas, huh? Yes, it did. Chester, I know it's been hot and Dodge has been pretty dull, but this particular circus isn't going to help any. Why? Because there's trouble connected with this show. What kind of trouble? I don't really know, Chester, but two people got killed over in Hays and there's been trouble in other places. Yes, sir. Down to the creek. Just look at that string or wagon, will you, with a... Hey, looks me like one of them is stuck in the creek bed. Oh, come on, let's get down there. See, we've been needing to move this wagon. You live large, won't you? Oh, sure. Chester? See what's in that wagon? Don't let that lion worry you. That's all terrible. Are you Dylan or Marshall? Yes, ma'am, that's right. Boy, help being what you are. Thanks. And, Dodge, are you? We're going to put on a show there tomorrow. Well, that's what I came to talk to you about. Well, then talk. You can't bring your show to Dodge City.  Your performance in Hays left two people dead. They came looking for trouble, and they got it, Marshall. Now, get out of my way. I'm heading for Dodge. Who started the trouble, Maggie? I told you who started it. Over in Kinsley, too. And Atchison. Seems like trouble follows your show. Maggie, now, why?  Why don't you figure it out for yourself? Let's go, boys! You're not going to play Dodge. Marshall, we won't play Dodge. That make you feel better? Let's go back to Tom. Yes, sir. You'll just have yourself a fit. Yes, sir. Oh, yes, sir. Where's Matt? Miss Kitty, he slept in this morning. I just think he got the heart to wake him to this prayer. That's where he's going to have a conniption fit when he sees that lady's plan to go ahead with her circus. Yes, sir. He's still asleep. Sleep with his parade man's circus at two o'clock. Why didn't you come and wake me up? Miss Dylan?  Oh, most people do, Matt. It looks to me like you didn't scare that circus owner too bad, Matt. And I don't mind admitting that I'm glad. I'd enjoy a little innocent entertainment for change. Innocent. The doc of this circus takes place. All the entertainment you're going to get will be mending ahead. Oh, Matt. Look at all the people on the street. The words for all the people come from miles around for this. Why would they make trouble? I don't know, Kitty, but there must be something that sets them off. It's happened too many times. And the doc? The doc, look at that clown. He's coming right under the heels of them horses. Big blooded funny. Oh, look at those people. You know me, man. There's something minding fine about hearing the music and seeing those animals in the clouds. Are you sure? There's the magic of the circus. It doesn't make any difference at all. I'm going to take that away from the hard-working people of this county. Doc, I like a circus as much as anybody. Well, then prove it. Don't try to stop it. You're not changing my mind. Oh, stubborn. That's what you are. I may be. The way I see it, Matt, you will have a riot on your hands if you do stop it. Mr. Dillon, look. Coming around the corner. Ms. Bannock riding a big white horse in the... Oh, oh, looking there where she's got to. She's carrying a Confederate flag. So that's it. That's where the trouble starts. Well, what are you going to do, Matt? Marshal, there's no law says we can't have the circus outside the town limits. That's not what's bothering me now, Maggie. It's that flag. Ah! That's the law. Don't do it. That's not what I mean. This flag is all I got left, Marshal. My son's died holding it high. Since then, I swore I'd hold it for them. No Yankee yet has told me I had to burn it. Are you going to? I'm not telling you to burn it. I'm just saying you shouldn't parade it through cancer. I'll do what I want, Marshal, whether it's Dodge City, Kansas, or Atlanta, Georgia. Let go of that bridle. All right. But if you keep showing that flag, I can't be responsible for what happens to you or your men. We take care of ourselves, Marshal. Don't do that, Mr. Dillon. I hope I'm wrong, Chester. It's about all I can do right now. Another hour and a circus will be starting, Matt. Yeah. Yeah, there's one thing in your favor, Matt. Oh, I'm glad to hear that, Doc. What is it? Yeah, we've been in the Long Branch almost an hour, and I don't think more than 10 or 12 men have been in for a drink. That'll help some. Where's Chester? Oh, I imagine he's watering the elephant by now. Matt, why don't you deputize 10 or 15 men and take them out there to the circus? Stop the trouble before it starts. I thought of that, Kenny, but it won't work. Why not? Do I put guns in the hands of 15 Yankees or 15 Southerners? This is it, boys. Last chance to win your rock. Yeah, I see. I'm really... Hey, Barkey, how about some service here? We're in a hurry. We've got something to do, ain't we, boys? You stay here, Kenny. I'll talk to him. Yeah. The circus lover himself. I want to know why you're dressed that way. This little old Confederate coat, Marshal. What do you care? I've never seen you wear any part of your uniform before. He ain't had reason to wear it since the war, ain't he? Then why today? Why, ain't you heard? This is my passport to the circus. All us Johnny Rebs. Maggie lets us in free, as long as we got a piece of the old uniform on. A piece of the uniform and a gun. That's your ticket to the circus, Marshal.  We just came in for some drinks. The long branches closed, Baxter. Since when? Since just now. Your boys have had enough to drink. Just drinking our way out to the circus, Marshal.  What is that supposed to mean? Well, the whole town knows how you try to keep the circus from playing. People are saying you're stepping outside your duties, Marshal. Ain't that right, boys? You're saying it, too, Baxter? Yeah, I'm saying it, too. The only difference is I'm saying it this way. Now, does anybody else want to try me? Get him, boys. He's just another dang old Yankee. Come on, Yankee. The next man that makes a move. I'll shoot him in the leg now. All right, start walking all of this. Walking? Where to? Jail.  We're going to the circus. Well, what? We ain't done nothing. Doc, these men look drunk to me. What do you think? Never seen anything worse. What are you talking about? All right, you men, the doctor said you're drunk. I'll start walking.  Here's that, Ginny. That was my music from a climbing act back in the old days. Yes, sir, I'd go in there and climb that center pole faster than any man in the business.  You're the only woman I ever loved outside of Maggie. Here. That's some more apple. Come on. Hey, Jim. Oh, howdy, Marshal. Didn't know anyone was around. I suppose you heard me talking to Ginny here. Yeah, I heard you, Jim. You probably think I'm kind of crazy. I know, I thought, Jim. Look, I need your help. That crowd's getting me in there, and I got to slow them down. I know, Marshal.  Maybe if Maggie had sons in the war, she would have let it in properly. What?  No, no, no, Marshal. We never had no children. We always wanted some. When the war came along, Maggie went in as a nurse. She saw a lot of the boys die, and each one was just like her own. And she just never got over it. So that's it. What can I do, Marshal? This thing has got to stop. I've tried to tell them, Maggie, but she just won't listen to me. Well, I'll tell you what you can do, Jim. You can find me six men that think the way you do and have them meet me by the main tent right away. And what I want you to do? Yeah, they got it, Marshal. They cut the rope when you give the word. That crowd's getting meaner every minute. Yeah. All right, then you men go on before it's too late. Well, what do you want me to do, Mr. Jones? You just follow me and do what I tell you. Where are you going? In there. All right. Have it. Come on, Chastute. See, before the show's over, I'll have them cut the ropes and drop the tent. It's that flag up there that's causing all this trouble. I'm going to bring you down. I'll go with Jim. Why did you try? Maggie, darling, I had to... You wouldn't let the war end. But I will, Jim.  I will, I promise. I never put the flag over again, Jim. I'm sorry. I lost the last of my boys, Marshal. Jim was the last of them.  And Marshal, you can bury the flag with him. U.S. Marshal. The story was specially written for Gunsmoke by Tom Hanley with editorial supervision by John Meston. CBS Radio is proud to announce that effective with today's programs seven new stations have joined the network. They are stations WKMH Detroit, WKMF Flint, WKHM Jackson, WHLS Port Huron, WLEW Bad Acts, and WSGW Saginaw all in Michigan, and station WTOD in Toledo, Ohio. More listeners than ever in the Midwest are now able to enjoy the superior programming of CBS Radio. This is George Walsh inviting you to join us again next week for another story on Gunsmoke. News follows in Mitch Miller on the CBS Radio Network.