Poor man laid that the poorest man laid This side's done check this out.  We're at a track. They had blackhawks farms in Wisconsin. No, no, it's a little oil. Oh, it is a little That look is we're both driving to Empreza, you know, it's we're slow and silent slow and silent Yeah, there's some loudest cars here right now. There's a group one in session and money Yeah, let's let's go take a look at some cars 31 oil Driven this this corner over faded brakes Temperature oil is 237 with 31 That was me driving just now Lucas was The passenger seat what we're about to go. Okay, we're coming out We are watching a oil temp gauge and coolant temp gauge on my phone We hit 237 and it kind of stayed there. It's it's like 90 outside Almost I guess we got the heater going It actually hit 237 without the heater going full blast. So now we are going With the hero out. All right But we're not gonna record it. It's gonna be the same, you know thing. So we'll report The temperatures and all when we're when Lucas is done driving on maximum attack the next thing There's a one more sessions Now I know Look look is one with an instructor first I've never been here. I did a 137 something and he did a 135 six just now But yeah, now I know His lines the instructor's lines. It's a different group now under 300 horsepower The one you've seen before was above 300 horsepower. They got a black flag. Which means something happened. Oh, no they think the yellow Corvette was trying to overtake that M3 and M3 wasn't given in and he got a black flag with a circle in the middle Telling him to you know move over Okay, so I don't know if you heard me Actually, this is our new setup extra weight right now. So less session coming up for me then look is again and I don't know if you heard me or not before but now I know the lines I just went out in the first time tried to figure out of my own look went with a instructor So look was my instructor for a minute there. So now I know the lines You know, so we're doing We did yesterday, but we forgot to grab the chalk If you mark the tires obviously know the edge and then You're gonna be where we never gonna be able to tell how far the tire is Flexing or whatever so we're thinking It's up to here, but we want to make sure we don't know if we did it this during the autocross yesterday or We're somewhere here, whatever I don't know if you see this, but the road isn't it and the inside are white Yes, they are They have warmed up That's some glue coming off from the pads. All right again I'm gonna record my session just come back as we drive back. It's hot. It's loud We'll you know, we'll do an update as we drive.  Okay, so it's a fully Stock 06 And they impressive we're going to strip it down Update coming up. All right guys. We're coming back. It's been I don't know three hours or so We're a we're we ate cooled down 87 degrees outside and Look at me. I gotta say Throw it out there. He's happy because we went to an autocross yesterday. Yeah, it's a draw. It's a draw now No, it's not I'm still winning three to one You're free. Okay, this year. It's a draw this year last year I beat him twice during the autocross but it's a I couldn't didn't have a chance to Have a good lap because someone was either blocking me or going too fast I had to wait too fast, you know, I to let them through and blah blah blah.  Well, he went off track. I mean off. We were heading sideways Towards the trees, right? Was it a tree like tires right behind it behind tire wall. There was a forest Okay, and we were going fast and I guess he what did you do you forgot to know you uh, well He was breaking by the way too late And he was trying to do a hill tow maneuver And which none of us know how to do And his foot ended up in between the clutch and brake pedal or brake pedal and gas pedal Actually underneath it. Yeah, and I mean too bad We never recorded it, but it was man I mean, it wasn't that scary because we're going sideways. So he would hit the wall first. I was over here the wall was on the left But we barely made it. We were like this far from the tire wall. I mean, I should you not Anyway, then he just Dumps it in seconds and just shoots out of the grass, you know the guy with the yellow flag just kept it out For like maybe five seconds. Oh, okay. They're all they're good. Okay. So you put it away But yeah, it was fun So times I had a 137 point What was it five? 137 point something. I had a 132 I think That's what you're holding on the exact times That doesn't matter because and you were 135 134 And he got down to 134. Yeah, the first session was 137 33 for you 137 3 and 135 55 for me 135 5 Okay, so the second session was 137 32 for you. Oh, yeah And the last session last session was 134 83 Okay, so that's a that's a good amount of difference You know two and a half whatever two point four two point. What is it one seconds? But yeah, I mean, I should have went like two and a half seconds.  Okay, they can give you some pointers and although I mean we've been doing autocross for quite some time but This was Luke's first track day ever Mind first this year first time on this track But yeah The instructor helped a lot perfect example Some it's you know more experience than than the look but no instructor No experience on the track With instructor so actually she was she was showing the lines Kind of follow through not every single one, you know, because kind of I guess uh old habits Okay, yeah So gotta work on that but The car performed beautifully Nothing went wrong Perfect. Yeah, besides what the one miss had when the Robert actually was session one, right? Yeah session one. I guess the He came back. He's like check engine, you know all the lights on yeah, we had a misfire Went back in right away. So check engine line was flashing. We had a misfire I guess on two cylinders and the driver side wires Cables Push them right back in heard that click And never came out again. We do have an oil internal Valve cover oil leak on both sides but more on the driver side. So we got to fix that That's gonna be fixed with the cam We are gonna yeah, we're gonna throw a cam at it or four two cams That's gotta that should fix that oil leak. Yep. Some of you make it that job. Anyways, that's it guys Oh, there's a one more update Robert probably showed you already but He found the fix for a for a super Common problem the head gasket problem. We're actually driving the exactly. Yeah, this is the no the fix The fix is the Toyota forerunner towing vehicle and a trailer Okay, perfect fix All right, next stop or in some future We actually just now wait the car front axle and we're not going to show the way We have the weight ticket here We have the actual weight Of a stock 06 STI as it says more or less, you know And we're gonna strip it down as as much as we can and we're gonna weigh it again I wish STI. Did I say STI? You did. I'm present and I'm present So, yeah, next stop is going to be stripping it down and we're gonna have exact weights before and after Okay, guys subscribe Like This like but like and subscribe comment See you in the next one guys a quick correction. I thought the black flag with a orange dot inside means Get out of the way, but that's the blue bag with a diagonal yellow stripe as you can see that means Motionless or a faster car is coming up behind you Uh, you know been waved or whatever and you need to be You need to slow down this flag what I thought was Means there's something mechanically wrong with your car. Let's say it's smoking for example, and they wave you to Go into the pits You know green flag is obvious yellow flag is No passing there's something going on maybe a car Spend off like we look as did Then you got a red flag just basically.  Then we got the black with orange flag then this weird flag Take care oil or foreign substance has been spilled You know slippery track and then checkered flag is obvious. So these are the flags at your typical track day, that's all


Hey guys, Shea Bear 1000 here. Today behind me is the battlefield That's where the Seminole Indians had fought the government the US Army and There was a slaughter in there and we'll tell you more about that here in just a moment Stick around won't you? Guys, we are inside the Dade battlefield Monkey had a patient what 19 minutes from here 13 miles Yeah, so and it was her last patient of the day So I came with her today so we can just stop here since we was down this way anyhow So but this is pretty interesting stuff here This tells you a little bit about it I can read it to you This is that as you look around this tranquil setting dominated by ancient live oaks Reservoir resurrection ferns palmettos and long leaf pines with songbirds and woodpeckers Flitting lately among the leaves it can be difficult to imagine that more than a hundred and eighty years ago This was the scene of bloodshed terror and tragedy on December 28th, 1835 a U.S. Army Column consisting of a hundred and seven officers and men under the command of Is that brevet major Francis? Longhorn Dade so we that's the Dade Dade battlefields named after him was ambushed at this place by hundred eighty seminal warriors, which were the Indians led by Mekinopi alligator and you and jumper in a battle that lasted from early morning until mid-afternoon All but three soldiers including all of the officers were killed It was a defeat that shocked the nation struck at the heart of the army and led directly to the longest and most costly Indian war in American history for the Seminoles what what came to be known as Dade's battle was a resounding victory only three warriors lost their lives and the attacks sent a clear message to an American government Bent on a policy of Indian removal that the Seminole people Would not give up their homes without a fight. It's long-term consequences. However, we're devastating After seven years of warfare most Florida Seminoles had been killed or captured and sent off to make new lives in The Indian territory far away in an unknown land now called Oklahoma, hmm, that's interesting. I did not know that see they didn't teach us this and now in history and Unconquered remnant survived deep within the Everglades the ancestors of today's proud Seminole and miss mcsukie moscowsky tribes mcsukie tribes of Florida We invite you inside the Visitor Center, which we're going in now But it's beautiful out here you can hear the birds chirping So we're going to go check there's a visitor center right there we stepped in for a minute monkey changed her clothes So we're going to go in the visitor center now When the army came back as you can see this little table over there it's a reproduction of the map the army And also Marks the ground in archaeological days. So where we have our breastworks is where the breastworks were in the battle It's not near this spot. This is exactly I was right. So not a little bit historical. Yeah All right. Yes. Oh, thank you very much. I have pleasure sir. Man. Thank you so much. Thank you If you'd like I can give you a little talk about the weapons that seems like I'm out here Sure. All right. Well, like I tell people the like anything it was a tool and The tool was designed for what it was designed for to be used the way it was designed the military weapon of the day was the musket The American soldiers were training with the musket Because they were training to fight in Europe at that time in history. We didn't get along with England We didn't get along with France. We didn't get along with Spain We were having trouble with met with Mexico the Alamo is only going to be two months after this battle So there was the soldiers were training for European warfare because they figured they were going to fight a European war Which in Europe you don't have this type of terrain you get out into open areas So that's where they used to line up on each side of the field shoot at each other and so forth So that's what this weapon is designed for it's not designed for accuracy It's designed for volume of fire.  I'm going to hit you but I can't promise where after that probably not going to hit you at all It'd be very lucky if I do But this has what it gives up for its accuracy it Gains in other things the way they fired these weapons in the day if you look at our little soldier guy You can see he was wearing his coat during the battle Which was actually a big disadvantage because his cartridges were underneath his coat He had to reach back here to get his cartridges And what you would do and some of the expressions you might have heard about battles or excuse me may have heard come from these guns This is called a prison So I'm going to open that up. I'm going to reach around. I'm going to grab my cartridge Cartridge is paper with gunpowder and a bullet in it I'm going to rip the paper open with my teeth to be in the army You had to have two teeth one upon one up above the other and say you can rip it Pour some of the gunpowder into the pan close the prison roll them up skit over Put the rest of the gunpowder down the barrel Put the paper down the barrel put the bullet down the barrel and then ram it down with the rammer Now of course you're doing all of this while the other guy is shooting at you So now should everything go right? This is what's going to happen right now.  You've heard the expression going off half cocked Okay, so We go to full cock and when we pull the trigger We've got a piece of flint here when flint hits steel and makes a spark On this thing what it's going to do is it's going to flip that open and make the spark With any luck some of that sparks going to fall in the pan where we will get a flash in the pan There's a little hole drilled in the side of the barrel Hopefully some of that spark will go through the hole and ignite the gun and the gun goes off There's always a delay Sometimes it's actually as much as a couple of seconds it can be up to three minutes Okay, so which makes these things a little dangerous and which makes a flash in the pan a dangerous situation You don't know when the gun's going to go off after you pull the trigger The other disadvantage of this type of either one of these is Some of that burning gunpowder can be down that barrel when you pour your next charge down Okay, which could set off the gunpowder in your hand. That's why when you see in motion pictures You'll see the guy with this You'll have a powder horn and they'll open it up with his teeth and go like this not a chance Not a chance because first you can't measure how much you're putting down there Second if that there is a hot spark down there You're going to blow your hand off if you're lucky if that's as far as it goes But um a good soldier he can crank out at least four rounds a minute Okay, I know a lady who can do five. She always beats us in every competition. She can do five rounds She's good But remember we're not worried about how many rounds we can get off Oh, excuse me how accurate our rounds are we want to get a lot of rounds downfield So that's the advantage because this is a smooth bore. I can almost drop the musket ball down there Also, it has another advantage If uh, it starts getting so dirty. I can't get the musket ball down there I can throw a fist full of buck shot down there because it's a shotgun Basically, it's a 10 gauge shotgun is what I've got here So this has those advantages, of course it does have the accuracy disadvantage The natives were using their hunting weapons Now they were very very good shots because they had to be gunpowder and lead Was hard to come by for these guys so they couldn't afford to miss So they were very very good shots. They got it through trade. They got all this stuff through trade Some of the trade was illegal, but they were doing it. Anyway, like I tell people It's illegal to trade in drugs, but people do it even today so but um The firing mechanism is exactly the same, but being that it's a smaller caliber It's not using as much gunpowder So it has that advantage Plus it's got the grooves in the barrel. It's rifled rifle bore exactly so But the disadvantage to the rifle bore is getting that bullet down there All right, because it's got it's catching those grooves as it goes down What spins it like a football when it rains out, exactly Yeah, and you've thrown a football, you know, if you can get that nice spin on it It's nice and straight nice and far Same thing with this you get that spin on it. It's a lot more accurate. I can I can I bullseye At about 200 yards and I'll grant you that it was probably most of that's pretty pure luck Yeah, but I can hit you at 300 yards and I can't promise where but I can a human size target. I can hit it 300 yards and And like I say these guys because it was their hunting weapon. I'm sure they were just as accurate with it so they That's their advantage But the disadvantage that comes with this Is black powder is very dirty and the more you shoot the more clogged up the weapon becomes After about 10 12 shots, you're actually to the point where you'd have to clean this thing because you just can't get the bullet down there anymore So what uh, what happens is you've got a very very expensive club Okay, in fact, that's one of the reasons that this was put on there was to protect it But um, so that's the disadvantage and it's also a little slower because I'm jamming that bullet down It's three rounds per minute on average these guys are going to get off Because you got to remember in a battle. I don't care who you are. You're nervous.  You're here exactly and to the natives in the battle. They weren't stupid They knew these guys been about about a hundred yards was their effective range They could hit you at 200 yards so they stayed out of range of the rifle accuracy range rifle Or excuse me the musket This is a six pound cannonball. Okay, you know, I'll let you hold on to it. Be careful. Let's get some heft Now that's solid shot Yeah And that it was designed To basically knock things down put holes in things put it in You know if you're on a ship or something or you've got a fortress it really wasn't used Effectively anti personnel But uh, they would skip shot it.  They didn't stand in front of the cannon All right So what they were trying to do was hit the trees and get the splinters to cause damage. These were artillery soldiers Okay Dave major dade was an infantry officer Most of his small contingent of infantry soldiers and he Went down right in the beginning of the battle So to be in artillery in those days you actually were the smarter guys who were in artillery because you had to have been educated You've got to be able to do math.  It's just they weren't trained for the kind of battle that they were found themselves in So but as I point out this was found Right around here We can't guarantee 100 but it makes pretty good sense. This was fired during the battle And you just held on to something so it could be all authentic Yes, and this guy some soldier held on to in the last few moments of his life Yeah, I mean because why would that be out here? You know, he's going to put it there and hope someone may find it Yeah, you know, but yes So Yes, it's pretty Pretty unique that we have this. These are usually very hard to right. You don't see them very often By the civil war the firing mechanism has changed on the gun right now in the 1830s They have developed a new type of ignition system for the gun And it's driving me insane as I told the other people I can't remember the guy's name. I should He was from Scotland and he loved bird hunting, but the problem was in Scotland It's so wet that the gunpowder in the prison always got wet and then the gun wouldn't fire So he developed, uh, you know the paper caps you played with them when you were a kid He developed that idea They went through a bunch of different ideas a bunch of different little changes until finally they came up with this little Copper cap with fulminate of mercury in it The the lock is almost the same Except they've replaced this with a little nipple to put the cap on and this has been replaced with a hammer And that led the way to where you could finally get like colonel cold inventing his cold revolver Because now you didn't have to have one of these big bulky things on it. You could just use the hammer to hit those caps So that's what led to that. Of course, that's going to lead to automatic weapons and everything else They were known as a repeating rifle when the automatics. Yes. Yeah, in fact The army being the army was very slow. The henry rifle was out was was available during the civil war and they were actually People who carried it, but they they they uh, it was privately owned. They purchased it themselves Because the army felt the same reason they didn't use the gatling gun was the idea was We're going to waste a lot of ammunition just because they're going to be keep firing too fast So let's slow down that rate of fire by still making them use a muzzle loader you know Yeah, they thought they would take their time more Right, you know as to Well same way hunt and I would rather use a single shot. Oh, yeah Then you know because I will take my time more. I've got one shot. You've got that one I've hunted with these I've hunted with those and you're absolutely right What really gets you is If you've ever I don't know if you've ever hunted with uh with a flintlock. No, I've hunted with those Before with the flintlock the flint. Yeah, as you know You know, you get that big flash when you pull the trigger. Yeah, but you've got to keep that eye open Because you got to track that animal. That's right. Yeah, so That's what I tell people. I can take a deer with a bow a lot easier than I can with this. Oh, yeah, absolutely I'm the same way.  Yeah, absolutely Okay, any questions if you have any Covered everything. Thank you so much. My pleasure. Where are you from by the way? First canoe This in june of 1964 this canoe was found in the Withlacoochee River. Oh, wow About one mile west of the old fort king road It was believed to be over 125. It is believed to be over 125 years old And is made from a cypress log 20 feet long 20 inches wide and 10 inches deep evidence of of use of the auger foot ads and other Uh, white man's tools indicates that this canoe was probably built by us soldiers Wow and ads is something like an act. That's cool, right? Imagine finding that awesome And this is a cool diorama here. I know there's some glare, but do you see this there's some muskballs There's the paper cartridges he was talking about if you would rip open with your teeth That's a musket toy Right there And there's some flint That you would put Right in there. That's the flint and once it scrapes down Onto that metal. That's what what would cause the spark so that flint Flint napping so they would like use other pieces of rock To nap that to break them off so they could get them to fit in there and that's what Flint napping is or so I'm told not that I know anything about it. Isn't that something? Took a long time just uh, you'd have to move quickly Yeah, like he said you're scared. You're shaking. Yeah Yeah, look at that. Isn't that something? Yeah, that is cool from this No, we're about 55 minutes. Yeah, 50 minutes. Yeah Well, maybe not even now. We're not that far from about 45 minutes. I think about 45 minutes.  These are old buttons probably alfina forms These are old plates. Um, they're called rifle butt plates They would go on the end on the butt of the rifle that goes up against your shoulder. There's a fastener And this is some lead shot also known as buck shot As the gentleman was explaining You can put that down into a smooth bore barrel Rifle you can grab a handful of that and put it down in there And that scatters out So we also call our shotguns up north because we're Yankees We call them scatter guns because you can miss something by foot and still hit it Because you got a bunch of them spreading out and the farther away you are the more But that it would spread out Part of a container about what your gun stuff Okay bear There you come. Let's read about this one Um This 1816 musket typical of guns used in the second seminal war socket bayonet which is That right there that would go on to the end of where the barrel would stick out And uh, that was typical of the second seminal war period Uh the sword with a brass eagle head That's up here That's brass if you polish that up, which you would never want to do it would look like gold We don't know what brass looks like but for those of you that don't Uh Popular during the american federalist pissed uh, pissed it. Yeah Federalist period it was probably used by an officer rather than a common soldier because the common soldiers Didn't have this ornate Um ends on them and stuff. That's really ornate And uh, it would just have like a just a guard around there and possibly even a steore copper guard Rather than the the brass The seminal was used to play this game And uh, we we play some of our games like this to this day Yes, it is Huh going into night vision. Yeah take a couple still images. All right This is where The battle was And they died And they died Yeah, short and sweet short and sweet. Yeah This is where the battle was and they died. So what's going on with my camera, babe? Um, same thing as yesterday When we was at the tower. Yeah, it's unresponsive. I got it taking still images now, but as soon as I put it on to To video It's not responding It's not doing anything and once you click it to hit record Then it becomes unresponsive. You got to pull the battery out and reset it Now yesterday it started working fine as soon as we got to the truck Yeah, so let's see what happens today. Yeah, and I used it inside So it was working inside. Yeah So And this is our newest one Yeah Yeah, there's the wind again Yeah Wow Isn't that cool seminal wind they call it. Yeah See it took still images. Yeah, it took still images. Oh well See I took a couple in night vision Because it is a spectrum camera. So when you do that in the daytime, it's taking different spectrums of light photos And you always take at least two in succession So, you know if you see something if you get something in there and it's in two or three photos, you know It's nothing but if you get in like within one second of each other and it's in one frame and not another Then it could be something But yeah, see it's it's you know Wow Yeah, and we found out yesterday that there was a guy that was killed not far from the store that we were at Right. Yes. That's part of the ghost story.  It's not doing anything Nothing did that yesterday. Yeah, but as soon as we got out to the truck it started working fine Yes, and I checked it before we came at the truck before we went into the visitor center I checked it and it checked out fine. Everything was working We've tried two different batteries. I got third battery, but I know it's not the battery Both batteries are in the green, but so it's not a battery causing it. No, it's not a battery issue. It's not a memory card issue So What is it babe? something spooky I don't know it just seems like whenever we get around someplace like this this thing don't want to work No, and I bought it for that. So if it don't want to work, I mean, it's kind of useless. Right, right I got a 200 dollar picture taking camera Yeah But we'll have to see when we get back to the truck if it works or not. Alrighty Here we go.  Okay I've got this Voice recorder All right Still got CISO on the back of it Um Put new batteries in this thing last night to do some EVP sessions out here, right? Because I knew it was coming here today And here's the power switch. Can you see that? Yep It's off Right Now I'm gonna flip it on It's dead. It's dead Hmm and my camera won't work And the camera's not working It's a new one. It's only a couple months old. Yeah And everything was charged because we planned to do this today So how do you feel about yesterday when you told me You got too much camera equipment? I said you can never have enough. You said that's too much Well, he was bringing all this stuff and I thought we have to walk like two miles to the middle of nowhere It doesn't matter. You can always tell him to take a break. Right. The thing of it is Is this good thing we had the third camera yesterday, right?  Yeah, let's try this one Okay, this one's on. Uh-huh. This one's working. Oh good Both batteries are out of the same pack in both of these And they both kicked on last night. That's for brand new batteries. Yeah, they're brand new.  This one's still on Okay, are we gonna try something? Yeah Is there someone standing out here with us? Is it jumper? Or alligator? Or date is there someone standing out here with us? Is it jumper? or alligator or date We need to do it down this way more. Um What is that the battery? I'm trying to get it on this camera The battery is down almost a half percent. Oh geez Look at that. Uh-huh Wow Try it again There's the wind as soon as this wind goes by Wow Outside If you're trained to hear and you can a lot of good EVP specialists can pick stuff out And that's also since a ghost a spirit does not have a voice box. They can't actually speak They have to make sounds out of what's around them, right? You follow me like a leaf rustling They can make that they can uh You know turn that into what may sound like something to try to communicate with you Maybe the wind see well now we got Yeah, we got a tractor running over here They're mowing we're going to go mow Is there any seminal warriors out here? Or any united states Soldiers picked up Mm-hmm. That's why I like the other one you can put your You can uh The other one you can listen in real time. You can put your headphones on And ask questions if you catch an EVP you can hear Is there any seminal warriors out here? Or any united states Soldiers Okay Off we go Wow, right Yeah Did you explain to them? No This is where One of the officers fell right here. He died right here in that very spot Oh, you need to put your box on there I don't have my box. I got a voice recorder Yeah, so in this area, you know is where this battle happened and uh Only three seminals were killed and five injured The second phase of the battle. Yeah the second phase Which that's when they went around see the battle was actually ever about noon, but at about two See at about 2 p.m. Most of the force of 108 men Had been killed The wounded were dispatched by the enemy After the battle ended that means they went around To anyone that was living or breathing and either cut their throats shot them They killed them as they laid there dying. So those two got very lucky Three Yeah, there's there is three three men survived Yeah, yeah, so this is lieutenant mud. He fell here He was killed right here Okay, so What happened? Sorry about the train in the background The scene of ambush Which is where we're at um Remain deserted for seven weeks finally on february 20th 1838 I think I said six but I thought it was 1838 when that 1836 Okay, an expedition under general gains Arrived here identified the bodies and gave them proper barrel with military rights placing officers bodies on the east side of the trail and the Enlisted men and two graves within the What is that read out read out? The small cannon was retrieved from a nearby pond in which the Seminoles had thrown it They mounted it Muzzled down as a monument to the dead Almost six years later on august 15th 1842 The officers and men of the army contributed funds to pay for a second Interment and dade silent command Now rests in the national cemetery at st. Augustine That call eerie So i'm guessing this is another officer up here. Let's go check this out I got to keep shutting this off because i'm trying to preserve battery like well I'll keep it rolling for a minute Oh, here we go. Look Right here is where major dade fell So major dade and also the county dade county named after him, right? Um, this this was the head haunch of he was I believe the first of fall wasn't he? Yes, because they came into here, of course all this stuff wasn't here it all looked like that And like that so when they was traveling see this was the road. Yeah, this was the road that we're traveling on And he was hit here. He was the first one to go down yeah Very very interesting sad Eerie, but there and then that guy fell and then the other guy fell down that yeah, and then you know all the other men Were down from here on people were were killed their bodies laying everywhere. Yeah Unbelievable so we're standing where he died Yes He he he was killed right here. I'm guessing he may have been shot off a horse Because usually the officer rode the horses so He was shot right in this area, but this is where his body was So we have another placard here. I'll read to you Suddenly Men reeled and fell to a deadly fire poured upon them from behind the trees and palmettos Half of major By the way that fire, honey. I was teasing you It's gunfire is what they're talking about I was teasing her about a gas line Anyway Half of major dates command lay dead or wounded major date and captain Fraser were killed nearby which we just came from Up that way. You can see one of their that's captain Fraser's right there is His monument where he fell And three of the six surviving officers were wounded those men Remaining after the first onslaught sought cover from which they might return to fire after several rounds From their cannon the Indians withdrew a short distance The soldiers hastily threw together a low read out or read out whatever it's like that little little thing We showed you at the beginning Of logs Cared for their wounded and collected ammunition from the fallen so This area we're standing in right here was all just littered with bodies, you know Okay, let's move on. Okay. This structure here guys. You've heard me trying to pronounce. I don't know if it's read out or read out Um, this is what they have cut down When the battle was getting fierce Um, of course, this is not the actual one, but this is what they would have done they Excuse me, they cut down the trees and they made the they took these logs And this is what they were hiding in Trying to take cover from fire And they would have been firing like through there and they would have been laying down real low So that's what that's what they would have made was something similar to this You know may have been bigger may have been smaller, but this gives you an idea Of what it was for It's a reproduction Yeah, see right here tells you on the on the sign here you know Constructed this is of course a reproduction but By the last remaining soldiers in dade's command before they were vanquished Excuse me by a superior force of seminal warriors on this spot December 28 1835 so this is the spot where they built it So they was coming our direction down this path We just walked down where you saw the the falling officers Monuments they come down here and right here in this spot is Where they would have built one of these and also After the battle was over the second onslaught at 2 p.m. The seminars went around and finished off any of the other soldiers that were breathing or may still have been alive And they would have done it right here This is where the rest of them has been killed right in here In this very spot Now this sign is telling us that it was intentionally left on mode To more closely resemble Natural appearance at the time of dade's battle. So this is the stuff guys That they were crawling through and laying in and bleeding and and uh, I mean, you know, if I got down inside in there You would never see me And them indians man they they could get down in there and they were laying down and then you know on on You know the command then they just started firing you would never see them You couldn't see someone laying in there.  No And you know, I mean and and then all the trees that were here because like I said, this is this all wasn't here All this property here. There was no roads over there. No railroad tracks. All this property Looked just like that right there And uh, we crossed a couple bridges over there. They weren't there. I mean if there was water in them It was december could have been you know Uh, you know, they had to trudge through that stuff, you know, it's it's just You know what they had to do it's just amazing Okay, guys Hope you enjoyed this video You know of a little bit of history down here in florida of the seminals and uh, what happened with with the uh, You know the u.s. Government and the seminals and the battles somewhat of uh that took place It's just it just amazes me of some of the things, you know that people had to go through You know to fight for their lives and for their, you know for their land like the seminals But eventually the seminals they were defeated, but So anyway guys, thanks again for watching. I appreciate it And I'm gonna say she bear 1 000 to met the man legend. I'm gone for now. Bye. Bye guys.  We was having problems with through the whole time Can you see that in there is now working? Okay, so Monkey's camera. We was having problems with through the whole time Can you see that in there? Yeah Is now working As soon as we get in the chart we were right over here About 40 feet Yeah, and she tried this one again, and it wouldn't work. I got in the truck Turned it on same as yesterday as soon as we got by the truck. It started working It's not weird And you guys seen I showed them, you know that it wasn't working. It wasn't responding Nope, it wasn't working. Now it's working. I turned it off battery level low Hey guys Never mind Okay guys, I hope you enjoyed this video of I know but


Yup, that's me. You may be wondering how I'm going this fast. Well, it all started one day when I was taking a walk. I want to go fast. But I didn't know how. So cue the studying montage. I now had the knowledge I needed. But I found one more thing that could potentially make you go faster. It was called the whistle. And if it had a potential of 5, then with Caustic Wax you were able to get times 1.01 extra player move speed. And so that is my secret weapon. After putting everything together, this is what happened. And that's how I got the record. Bye!


So, before I say anything, it could be the case that you already know the results because I am recording this on Thursday, but if it is the case that the results hold as they currently are at the time I film this, then Donald Trump will lose. But I want you to know that this doesn't necessarily mean that it will be the end of Trumpism. For now, it may be the end of the Trump era, but since Trump has been so popular within the Republican Party, I think that his style of politics is going to live on. But it might not even be the end of Donald Trump because we are already seeing talks of Donald Trump running in 2024 before the results have been posted and before he's even conceded. Take a look. One other thing I want to note, Jake, and I think this is an indication of where things are heading and the mentality that is taking shape inside the Trump campaign. There are some aides and advisors who are starting to talk about the potential, not only that the president is going to lose this election, but that he may mount some sort of resurrection run in 2024. This possibility has been discussed, I'm told, inside the Trump campaign by some aides and advisors and that some have even talked about it with the president himself. That obviously is something that's way off into the future, but it's an indication that they're starting to feel like perhaps they're running out of time inside the Trump campaign, Jake. So that was interesting. I don't necessarily find it surprising, albeit it's still very interesting. Now this does tell us that Donald Trump, regardless of what he says publicly, is reckoning with the fact that he may lose this election. So he can tout his victories in states that have already been called for Joe Biden. He can claim that fraud was committed, but deep down, he knows he lost because he ran a terrible campaign. He bungled a pandemic, something that comes along once every 100 years.  This was his loss. So he knows that he's losing. It's sad that more of his supporters don't realize that everything he's doing now is all strategic and it's just bluster, but nonetheless, he does know. Now, whether or not this is true, it is because if people within Trump's inner circle, his advisors are saying this, then it's happening. I don't know if they're putting this idea in his head or he's putting this idea in their head, but they're going to be gung-ho on this because they really want to make sure they have a job lined up for them in a couple of years. So of course, they're going to be on board. But Donald Trump, do we honestly believe that Donald Trump being as attention craved as he is, he would just like go away? Of course not. So I was already thinking, if he loses this, even before this article came out, what's the odds that he runs for reelection? And I put it at like 40%. And now I'm moving that up to 60% because we're already hearing about it before he's conceded. So Donald Trump is not going to go away anytime soon and, you know, he can run. He's legally, constitutionally within his right to seek out a second term. Now what will be interesting is that there will be a lot of Republicans who will be very angry about this, who are politically ambitious. People like Ted Cruz, Tom Cotton, who want to run again and they're going to have the inclination to attack Donald Trump for doing this, for wanting to run again after he lost. However, they're going to have to bite their tongue because they know that if Donald Trump decides to run, he's going to be very popular, very popular because the base loves him. Now I don't know if that will change between now and 2024. This is, you know, we're talking a long ways away. But it will be interesting to see the dynamic in the Republican Party because they will not want this. I don't think the Republican establishment will want this. And I don't think any Republican who wants to run for president is going to want this. But will they publicly attack Donald Trump? Don't think so because now they're going to have to pretend to be the next Donald Trump if they want to be electorally successful in the next Republican Party primary.  So if your argument was going to be I'm going to carry Donald Trump's torch, that's a little bit more complicated. You can't necessarily do that if he's running for president. So look, this is a long ways away, but it will be very entertaining at least if Donald Trump is going to seek out a second term in 2024.


So, yeah, as Eugene said, I've been doing quantum computing for a long time. It's a very new industry, and so that makes it a good place to try and experiment with structure. We have a lot of needs for public goods, and with Unitary Fund, we've been running a few different ways of trying to fund that over the last few years. So for this talk, there's really going to be three parts. So I'll try and give you a little bit of context of the setting in which we do the work. And you can view this as an example of a good place to try and try out new kinds of public goods funding schemes. And I'll tell you about the experiments that we've been doing at Unitary Fund in particular, and that'll also involve some calls for collaboration around some new ideas and folks that there's some things we'd like some help with. And then we'll go a little bit nonlinear and talk about like science style, whatever that means. So what is quantum computing and more broadly quantum technology? So that's the place where Unitary Fund is doing public goods development and has been doing it for the last, let's say, four and a half years. So the space is to try and take, so lots of technology that we build on uses the laws of physics in different ways. Electromagnetism is the beginning of electronics and a lot of our computing technology today. But we've known about quantum physics for 100 years, and only recently have we been able to start to make technologies that use all of the sort of special features that are in quantum mechanics. And there's not just one kind of product that comes out of this. And this is important for thinking about the ecosystem. There's a lot of different kinds of things. In the news, you'll hear about quantum computers, but there are also quantum networking technologies, quantum sensor technologies. And so the takeaway here is that this is less about the emergence of one new kind of product or one new kind of computer and more about a revolution in types of technologies. So it's more like the industrial revolution where we got thermodynamics to work or about electronics getting to work than it is about the invention of one thing. And just to make it a little bit more concrete, I mean these are what these kind of things look like. And to echo that point that it's not just about the emergence of one product, even if you just focus on quantum computers, there's not one way to build them. There's not a convergence on a type of integrated circuit. So these are pictures of a whole bunch of different ways of doing it. You can do it with light, which is in the top right. You can do it with ions. You can do it with these chandeliers of computing, which show up in the Dev sci-fi show. Those use superconducting circuits. So because of this, there's a whole bunch of different platforms that need to get developed that are totally new. To help make this happen, there's been a lot more funding over the last few years into the space. So there's big government programs for basic research. There's been large increases in the amount of private funding. So there's been more funding in just like the last year and a half than in the entire history of society so far. And there's all sorts of things that we eventually want to do here. But there's a big way to go. So if you start to look at research about the kind of specs for a quantum computer that we'd need, or the kind of computer that we really want, it's things that have thousands of logical quantum bits, lots of memory that can do millions of operations. And we're kind of down here in the bottom left, where we can have tens or hundreds of quantum bits that have tens or hundreds of operations. So it has a lot of potential, but it's still early enough where we can start to influence how that industry develops. And Juan talked about this kind of early on earlier today that when you're early on in an industry, you can influence how it develops to instill different kinds of values. And so that's one of the things that we've been doing. The other thing I want to let you know about is just to get a bit of a sense of the scope of the space. And I think if you're gonna try different kinds of public as experiments, or try different kinds of community building things, it helps to start in a small niche. And in quantum computing that niche is already pretty small. They were talking like thousands, tens of thousands of people globally who are really working in this.  So I've told you about this rapid growth of public funding, a rapid growth of VC funding, what's been missing, and really what's missing is all of this common stuff. So we're talking about open source programming languages, developer tools, education, training, mentorship networks, benchmarks, standards, all the stuff that makes it really cheap to make regular software today on regular computers doesn't exist in quantum.  It doesn't fit very well into private VC funding models and it's not academic papers, it's systems. In fact, I talk about this as commons goods, but I even, more than that, like this idea of network goods that Evan Miyazono talked about this morning, because these, a lot of them are things where the more people that use them, the better they are. So they're not just, they sort of, what do you call them, anti-rival risk. So that's what we do. And so Unitary Funds are non-profit, we're 501c3, we work globally, and we've been around for about four years. And so it's a new organization to try and build these robust open source goods. And right now, we're funded mostly by key corporates and players in the space. They recognize that if you wanna put out open source software and get the benefits of that, there has to be some kind of open source software engineering community that's gonna contribute back. And so how do you get that started? And so, over the last few years, we've been galvanizing different folks. This listing includes big companies that do quantum computing, startups that have just started, VC funds that focus in it, these kind of areas. So what do we do with the funding and support that we have? I'd say there's like two and a half sort of major programs that we run. The first is a microgrant program, which is actually what we started with. We started with a blog post that I put out where I said I'd give away $6,000 and three microgrants to people to build something in quantum technologies. And we've grown from there. And then secondly, we have an in-house research lab that builds bigger types of things that we can't fund on open source grants specifically. And then of course, there's a community component. Discord, we just finished a hackathon where instead of having people build things from scratch over a weekend, we got a bunch of maintainers from open source projects in the community to tag open issues on their repos with bounties that then folks would close over the course of the hackathon. So a little bit about the microgrant program. We funded about 54 projects in over 20 countries. There are startups that have come out of this even though that's not been the focus and also nonprofits and kind of all for the cost of what, a graduate student throughout their whole program. And so this is kind of an example, I think, of how effective microgrant funding can be. That's not just about the dollar amount. It's not just about how much money you're putting towards something. It's about how you're allocating it. And as Alexandra, who's one of the winners of these microgrants talks about, the support that you get from a grant program is not just the money. Like the grant program is an entryway into a community, an entryway into mentorship, an entryway into having a stamp of approval that says what you're working on is worth working on. And that means a lot for someone's career. So I wanna tell you a little bit about the process that we've used for these microgrants so far. So right now we do turnarounds that are pretty rapid either by twice a month or once a month. And the way we structure it is we have it based a little bit analogously on how a VC fund works. So we think that open source microgrants are kind of like venture capital in the sense that it's an outlier's business. You're not trying to have a low probability of failure, you're trying to have a few projects that are extremely successful. So how do you set up a grant process that supports that? And this is how we do it. We call it sort of like a champion process rather than a consensus one. So we meet and we need at least one person or two people to act as sort of what you think of as like the VC who's joining the board, but in this case it's someone who's gonna take on a mentorship role one-on-one with that project to help ensure its success. And so we're biased towards funding things. We'd rather not fund things where there's like a mild consensus that this is a good idea. Like that's okay. Better is something where there's dissent, but some small minority that's extremely vocal that thinks that we should fund this, right? And the kind of criteria are lining up with our mission, projects where our support can make a difference and where there's good people involved. And so the reason that I wanna talk about, oh shoot, we'll come back to this, but the reason I wanna talk about what our process is is when we look at scaling things out to other kinds of grant programs, they don't tend to have this quality. Like if you do token voting, for example, that explicitly prefers like average preference versus a vocal minority sometimes. So we'll come back to that. Okay, so the other thing we do is we do open source development in-house. And so here you can think about what we're doing is pooling funds from different stakeholders in the ecosystem and then funding independent open source work. So we built like a pretty well used open source compiler. Qtip is a project that actually predates our founding. It's about 10 years old. It's the quantum toolbox in Python. Think of it as like NumPy for people doing quantum information stuff that's really well used. And not just software, but also recently we launched a platform for hosting community-driven benchmarks. So think of it as like MLPur for papers with code for our field. And I wanna call out benchmarks. Actually, tomorrow David Lang is giving a nice talk just about standards. When we think about things in the common standards and benchmarks are extremely, extremely important. Not just other kinds of, not just open source technology or communities and stuff. So one of the reasons I'm here and one of the things that I'd like to get out of conversations today are to think about ways that we can scale the stuff we're doing. So if we don't wanna give out 180K, we wanna give out 1.8 million. If we don't wanna fund 20 products a year, we wanna fund 200. How do we do that? And so, more dollar amount, more projects is one way to go. But another way we wanna go is we wanna help the community that's gotten started around this be more involved in governance. We can look at experiments and things like funding retroactively. And sort of, I don't have a lot of time to go through everything that we've considered, but we've been looking at a lot of the options so far. And definitely have looked at different kinds of Dow tooling options. But in looking at it, we've landed on our, what we're probably going to do next is experiment with governance, but in a centralized way. If anyone has alternatives to convince me, I'm happy to talk to you later today. But the main reason in our exploration has been that our community is hesitant about financialization. And if you have some kind of tradable sellable token, then you really, really, you have less trust, you need to have some kind of decentralized system. But if you're not doing financialization, then people are pretty happy to stick with the centralized system. So then we don't have to take on the UX burden of switching to web-free stuff. But we'll see. I've heard lots of talks about web-free tooling and today and I think eventually there'll be more stuff to play with here. And I'm actively looking for input on this so feel free to reach out at any time. So now I wanna take a little bit of an exploratory turn to this last bit of the talk. And partially because Unitray Fund is a bit of a different kind of research organization, it works on things that aren't blue skies, academic pure research. It's not stuff that's ready to be commercialized in a VC environment. It means that I've sort of just been thinking about this chasm in between those two and what are the things we can do to help make science work better in that space. So let's talk about a very famous comments, science in general. And one thought that keeps popping into my head about it is that science is already a dow. There's not, you don't get employed by Science Corp. You work at some research institution that gets funded maybe by your country, maybe by a philanthropist, by someone else. But it's a shared project where there isn't some single institution. But it's kind of, it's definitely ready for an upgrade. So science is a super national community of decentralized researchers. And in fact, it even has a token that's in many ways socially accepted, which are citations. But they're really pretty bad as far as social tokens go. They're non-transferable, there's no governance rights and they're totally unweighted. And we'll talk a little bit about that. But I think one way, if we're trying to get more people who do science interested in the kinds of things you can do with new kinds of governance technologies, then acknowledging that they're already pretty decentralized is a good place to start. And so the next few slides I'll talk about sort of this, what's the difference between where we are now and where we could be. So today's Science Dow at our U is a legacy organization. So there's only one way to mint these citation tokens and that's by writing a new science publication. Which sometimes in order to mint you have to come up with new human knowledge that anyone has ever discovered before. That's like a pretty high barrier to mint a new token. And it results in a paper glut, I think. Like a lot of what people are trying to do is just say, I'm interested in this area and I think this work that is in this area already is also interesting. And so they kind of write a paper about it. It'll be a lot more effective for me to just take my science social token and transfer it to the person who wrote that paper than writing yet another minor contribution. The second is that the allocation of science funding is slow at bureaucratic overhead. And I think we all know about that. And a lot of the problem is that funding is almost exclusively grant-based and not retroactive. So you get competitive and exclusionary dynamics. People spend a lot of time writing proposals that don't get funded and that ends up being wasted. It would be better to look backwards and fund what has already been determined by the community as useful. So what could this maybe look like? And so I'm going to say something that I don't think we should actually do, but it's worth thinking about as like a Ganonkin experiment for why we shouldn't do it. So you could imagine a science funder who just took a subfield, like let's say quantum technologies, and they looked at the citation graph that already exists. And then they pick some graph metric that they like, some pick high-degree nodes, and they have some pool of money, and they just give it to people who already have lots of citations there. You'd probably say, this is scary. It would probably just entrench people who are already doing good things, but one of the reasons it's scary is that citations are a bad token for determining who is socially able to do good things. So if we improved how citations worked, then this would potentially become a more like looking just at this distribution of citation tokens if they're improved or upgraded could be a better way of looking at how to allocate funds. So one thing that you should definitely do or you should be able to weight citations across references. So when I write a new scientific paper, I can only give one citation token to each paper that I cite. One of my references is probably the key one that all of my work depends on, and the other 10 are there, because if I don't put them there, someone will yell at me. And those should be given a different weighting in transference. You should be able to trickle these down through the citation graph. So sometimes what happens is you get a really good paper that founds a field, but it's kind of obscure, and then another paper figures out that that was important and explains it. And the second paper is the one that gets all the citations, not the first. And so there should be some way for me to say, if you cite my paper, half those citations should really go to this other one that I secretly depend on. That's programmable. You should be able to transfer tokens without needing to write a new paper. And if you do this, then you might establish an ability for people, like a role for people who are re-granters, kind of like a scientific equivalent of VCs. So instead of giving money explicitly to people who, let's say, have a lot of these citation tokens, you could give them money to re-grant. And then they could get some carry based on how many, you could just do a simple, I'm running out of time so I can't work it through, but you can run carry off of how they then distribute that funding relative to how citations then come on from those. And finally, you could reduce overhead if funding organizations can just look at this graph and send checks. There's no proposals. I mean, you don't want to fund everything like this, but just think of this as just kind of like a thought experiment of something that we could add on to how science happens already. So we covered some ground. I'll be here for a couple of days. You all are interested in different kinds of public goods funding. Quantum technologies, the structure we have set up, we can do experiments. People who fund us want us to run experiments. We have a lot of flexibility. Come pitch me on something we should try. I'd love to hear about those ideas. Or if you just want to talk about science.stuff stuff, come find me too. Thanks.


I'm going to be showing you right now. What's working in my life for setting goals numero uno So the first thing that I do is I set monthly goals and I set three top priorities It can be anything. It can be something in your business. It can be personal. It can be relationship It doesn't matter but set three high-level priorities for that month Now within each high priority you want to put in job forms. How are you going to accomplish these? Milestones, okay, so for example, let's say you want to get maybe another hundred thousand visitors to your website great How are you gonna get that blogging twice a day? Outreach one hour a day email one hour a day So you're actually listing out the tasks to accomplish the outcome that you want to achieve So then you go to the next thing so for this example the next thing could be personal Maybe I want to learn more salsa dancing great I want to have one lesson a week and maybe one personal practice a week So I put that there and you do that for the whole month So now you got kind of like this bird's-eye view of your monthly goals And this is what I do right now to kind of like implement this and make sure that I hold myself accountable. I Don't do to-do list anymore.   Where's my my phone's not here.  It's not getting done Period I have my gym programmed in my calendar. I have my business meetings.  I have a sync to a calendar I have a sync to all these different spots and that's that it's working for me. You can try it out and Let me know how it goes. So if you you know what, let's switch this up a little bit If you have any say strategies that work for you leave a comment below I want to hear your strategies and make sure to subscribe this video this button somewhere here there I don't know somewhere around there. Peace


Remember, key to Epicureanism is the idea that we take natural science and materialistic science and empiricism and so forth, and we draw from that ethical conclusion. We use our empiricist and materialist science to remove fear of gods, fear of death, fear of pain, fear of having unfulfilled desires. Once we philosophically remove those sources of pain and anxiety, then happiness, prosperity, success in a word eudaimonia will follow and does follow. And we know that just like doctors know that following a certain treatment will relieve a certain disease. We've done it, we've had lots of successful students, just sign on the dotted line and everything will be fine. Now, so pleasure. Pleasure is the overall end, the most important concept in the whole system, so we need to talk about what pleasure is. Now, it's defined by two negative terms. Lack of pain in the body or apnea, so not suffering pain in your limbs or in your internal organs or that sort of thing, and lack of distress or anxiety or being upset in the mind or the soul. So, pleasure is those two things, is constituted by not having pain in the body and not having distress or anxiety in the mind. If bodily pains are removed and if anxiety and distress is removed, then you will naturally be in a condition of pleasure and joy, and you will enjoy life. What stops you from enjoying and having a pleasant life is that those, that natural state gets interrupted. That's the state you should be in, and you should have been in all along. But it's because confusions and so forth got introduced and you started pursuing other goals and thinking other things were important to your happiness. Or you started suffering from bodily pains that were outside of your control that you're just not as happy as you could be. And furthermore, the removal of this pain and distress constitutes the upper limited pleasure. That's the maximum highest pleasure one could ever get if all of those pains and anxieties could be removed. Once you removed all of that, what would happen is you would be in a state of joy and pleasure and then you could vary your experiences, and there would be some value to doing that, like not always eating chocolate ice cream but having vanilla ice cream every once in a while or pistachio ice cream. Yes, it's all enjoyable, but there is something about having some variation. Not that I ever turn chocolate down, just sometimes I like to have something else. So it is when you've actually got the highest state of happiness, these things aren't adding more and you're getting more and more happy. Like if you just ate more ice cream, you'd be even more happy. If one ice cream cone is good, then 50 or 100 must be good, right? No, there's no way to increase beyond a certain point. And that point is where pain and anxiety is totally removed. And so the final and ultimate goal, chosen for its own sake and not for the sake of anything else according to them, is pleasure. And correspondingly the thing we most avoid and that we're trying, and the greatest bad for us, is pain. Okay? So any question about the definition? There'll be further definitions and divisions of these things, yeah? All right, reframing from taking butter and also like enduring somewhat a little bit of a pain just to avoid a deeper pain. Is that sort of like the same concept that you mentioned right there with the 50 ice creams? So, yes. The reason we don't eat 50 ice creams even if we could is because it would actually cause more pain. So even if it was pleasant and sweet on our tongue on the 50th one, and that would be a kind of pleasure, and insofar as it's a pleasure, it would be a good thing, but it wouldn't nearly be worth the pain of the indigestion and not to mention other health problems, cholesterol problems or whatever that would come from eating that much ice cream. And, but by the way, those pains are the only reason not to do that. There's no moral reason why you shouldn't keep eating as much ice cream as you want. It's just that at some point it's not pleasant. And the same thing goes for pain. You should voluntarily undergo certain pains because it will help us avoid greater pains later. Okay? Like it's really painful to go to the dentist, okay? But if you don't, and you know, you don't get that root canal taken care of, then it's going to be much greater pain later. So it's not that you avoid any pain whatsoever, any pain, and you only go for whatever is just on the surface pleasant.  And really that comes down to what's going to be the least painful overall. Now notice that that is quite a bit different than aerostipin or serenaic treatment where really what you should do is, you know, oh god, you got to go to the dentist? Forget that. Let's just go to the bar instead. You know, that's going to be painful. Let's just, let's get some pleasurable experiences going here.  And so they don't seem to have a means of making a kind of calculation, and whereas the Epicureans want to introduce the idea that you can do this. Okay, now, and so that's a powerful idea, but there are big, big problems with it as well, as we'll see. But that's quite right, that it's not take every pleasure immediately as it comes along. That's what we associate with aerostipin and hedonism. You see an opportunity for pleasure? Go for it. Like, what are you all doing sitting here right now? Doesn't that look fun to go ride a skateboard or something? That, and whereas this is no, no, you should really think about it. It's probably worth going through that very, very painful experience of being lectured at by Monty Johnson, because that's going to allow you to avoid a lot of pains later, like unemployment and failure in school and spad grades and things like that. Okay, so this is, this has got, this is a bit more complicated of a system, which has got certain advantages, but certain disadvantages as well. There's something about aerostipin and hedonism that this, that this doesn't capture. Okay, now here, here is the basic argument they give, insofar as they think one needs to give an argument. Every animal, as soon as it's born, automatically seeks pleasure and rejoices in it, and automatically shuns pain as the highest evil, and avoids it as much as possible. And this is pretty easy to demonstrate that small babies, animals, humans, that they like pleasant things and they don't like painful things, although don't experiment with the latter too much, that would be immoral. But you can demonstrate that children avoid pain, for example. And according to them, this is behavior that sort of reveals what nature is telling us we should be like. Okay, and it doesn't just reveal to it as like psychologists that study infant behavior, this is something we've experienced and we were already like when we were in that condition. What happened is we later got corrupted by other notions about what it would be good to do, and especially in our society denouncements of pleasure and claims that you should be doing other things and you should be seeking excellence and glory and ambition and success in other terms and things like that. But all of that came later before any of those artifices and corruptions were introduced. You knew what to do, which was go for pleasant things and avoid painful things. And this is just instinctual. Reasoned proof seems unnecessary and inappropriate here. This is something that's true that we just perceive by the senses. We don't have big debates about whether fire is hot or snow is white or honey is sweet. It's like if you don't believe me, taste it. See it's sweet and then we don't have an argument about it. It's something you just need to experience. So let's not have an argument about whether pleasure is good. You know pleasure is good. Everything you do is in pursuit of pleasure and basically always has been. And you can just feel that it's good. Okay? Yeah? This might be a little nifty, but when you were talking about... About what philosophy is all about, so I'd be glad to hear that. When you were talking about the ice cream, I started thinking about self-harm and eating disorders.   Yes. So first of all, those actually create some really difficult problems for Epicureanism. So the case self-harm of like somebody cutting themselves to cause themselves pain and yet the psychological explanation seems to be that they're getting some kind of pleasure or relief from it. Okay? So that they're getting relief from anxiety or a mental pain. But how? Because it seems difficult to explain in a system why somebody would cause themselves pain, right? The system says nobody likes to do that. Everybody is repelled by pain. And that seems clear and that's what makes this that kind of pathology difficult for anyone to explain, for any psychological theory to explain, but especially them. And in general, masochism. So if it's really true that there are people who enjoy pain, that is they get pleasure out of what looks like pain, that's a huge difficulty for the system. It should be obvious what we want and what we pursue and what causes pleasure and what causes pain. It's supposed to be very clear, but if it's true that these people really enjoy pain, then it's a difficulty. But it might be that we need to re-describe what's happening is that they're not enjoying pain, but there's something about the whole setup in which the pain is created that is pleasant. For example, this is a power dynamic situation and that it's giving them some sort of mental pleasure to play a role or whatever in an S&M scenario or something. And then you would try to explain that as being a pursuit of some kind of pleasure. It looks like, in which case, you might be able to assimilate it to this theory, but greater problems might still follow from that. Now, Epicureans have a view about using mental pleasure to distract us from physical pain and that's supposed to be part of Epicurus' own biography towards the end of his life. He was suffering from extremely painful kidney stones and you might think this is really bad for your philosophy because your philosophy says pleasure is the whole point, bigger and massive amounts of pain. And he said, but I can, through doing philosophy with my friends and being visited by my friends and family and recollecting the pleasure that we had, outweighs that pain. Now, that's interesting to think that that could happen and there might be something to that. What's so interesting about the case that you mentioned with self-harm and that sort of thing is that it seems to be inflicting physical pain to relieve mental pain and that's sort of analogous but an entirely different phenomenon. So I think I have to say that those cases are very difficult for this and I think it's the kind of thing one could research in this class as to get further on, to try to figure out whether those things can be explained by a psychology of pleasure and pain or not and I'm not sure that Epicureanism can accommodate it. Because, as I was just saying, one thing they do is stress just how obvious it is that everyone likes ice cream, right? Or everyone likes people that don't must be sparing themselves some later kind of pain or of course it's possible for tastes to vary to some extent but not to a hugely, to a great extent. This all should be fairly clear. Now, so why again do some people avoid pleasure? They do it not because pleasure is pleasant but because they don't know how to pursue pleasure rationally and so bring on themselves great pain. So for example, why aren't we all doing heroin right now? It would be really pleasant, right? It would bring us some pleasure. Well, it's because we don't know how we could do that and keep maintaining the pleasure that comes from that and it would rather rapidly descend into something that was painful and because of the addiction and so forth and we would begin feeling more pain just not having it and it would give us less and less pleasure each time and the dependency on it and the expense and the time that it took to deal with it would all cause other problems that would be even more and more painful. So some people avoid pleasures that they could otherwise get and it's not again because there's anything wrong with the Epicurean argument that everybody likes pleasure but it's just that they're not clear how they could enjoy that pleasure and not have some other pain. Just as no one loves pain because it's painful and this is the point we were just calling into question but here's their view. People only enjoy pain because some other good ensues from it. Like the expression, no pain, no gain doesn't mean pain is a great thing. It means you should be willing to undergo pain in order to gain something else like physical health or fitness or strength or whatever that is ultimately more pleasant to have and nobody just loves getting surgery like dental surgery or something like that but they'll do it in order to avoid greater pains and so this brings us to a general principle of how we select pleasures and pains and the basic method is highlighted here. Reject those pleasures or forego those pleasures when this will produce greater pleasures later and select or endure pains, be willing to undergo them when this will enable you to avoid other worst pains and you can apply that principle in every case and it will allow you to decide whether you should indulge in that particular pleasure or not or whether you should accept that pain. I think that this is the best appeal to the human reason because the human reason can do this pleasure or it's good or it's not good. That's correct? So I mean this type of appeal to the human reason. Well, yes, but it's not even, it's barely appealing to me. It's more appealing to sensation. If it feels good, do it. Yes, you have to think of the longer term consequences and some things feel really good but result in a lot of pains later and some things are really, really painful right now but are going to allow you not to have a lot worse pain and so you have to use reason to make those calculations but the reason is being put in the service ultimately of a sensation or a feeling so it's not even, reason has an instrumental value here for getting a feeling. Not that I should have certain kinds of feelings or certain mental states so that I can reason but the whole point of reasoning is just so that you're in this state of removing, you can remove bodily pains and remove anxiety. Otherwise you don't need to reason. Once you remove those things and you're not anxious about stuff and you're not experiencing hunger, thirst, cold and other bodily pains, then you don't need to reason. You just kick back on the beach or whatever or hang out with friends at a party and then that's what life is about. You don't need then to go in, Plato would say no, then we would need to start figuring out geometrical problems and the theory of forms and all this stuff and Epicureans would say no, we'll just go to a birthday party instead. It is a very rational principle in fact deceptively simple in its structure. In fact it's fairly hard to figure that out. Do I get more net pleasure by suffering through this class or by skipping class and going and hanging out with my girlfriend or something? That might be hard to figure out actually. I might be making the wrong choice by showing up and teaching this class right now. I think I'm making the right choice but I don't get everything right. This is a very simple philosophy but its ramifications are very complex. It's hard to understand quite easily what pleasure and pain are. It's hard to understand what current pleasure is and what subsequent pain is. Yes, it's very difficult. That's why Aristotle said it's so difficult that just forget about happiness. Forget having some end beyond just immediate pleasure because that we know we can figure out. Whether anybody can actually figure out how to string it together to create overall happiness in life, who knows? We still don't of course know that. Look up psychological definitions of happiness. There's a thousand or ten thousand of them. Look at studies on what produces happiness. Go find me what actually produces happiness. If we scientifically had that all figured out we'd all just be doing that right now. We'd all just study that science and pursue that. There'd be no point in doing anything else. But there's great difficulties when you get into the details. But this is meant to simplify those difficulties as much as possible with still retaining an idea that there is something like an overall happiness of life. If you get any further reduced from this then you're in a condition like Aristipan, serenaic hedonism. Okay, now crucial, distinguish two kinds of pleasure. One, the one that is most obvious, the quick, sweet, agreeable stimulation of the senses. We're going to call this kinetic pleasure. For example, when I'm hungry and I eat, it's pleasant. When I'm thirsty and I drink water, then it's pleasant. Even better, if I'm thirsty and I drink beer, it's even better, right? When my hands are cold and I warm them up, that's very pleasant. Okay? And by the way, this is a general tip. If you want to have more pleasure for lunch or do it tonight for dinner, right? Everybody will be having dinner tonight. You want to enjoy it more, then become more hungry beforehand. Take exercise beforehand, work your hunger up, and then you will enjoy the food more. If you're not really hungry and you're just like, I've got to get this out of the way so I can get onto this to tennis practice or whatever, then you're not going to enjoy it as much. But if you become hungry, you're going to love it even more and you're going to get more pleasure out of it. And that's how these kinetic pleasures work. The more the thirstier you are, the more pleasant it is to drink, right? Sort of like the hornier you are, the more pleasant it is to have sex. The colder you are, the more pleasant it is to warm up. Now, that is categorically different from another kind of pleasure, which we're going to call static pleasure. And that is the pleasure that we naturally feel when all bodily pain and all mental anxiety is removed. And again, that's the maximum state of pleasure it's possible to be in. To be in a state, a pleasant state. Now I'm not just enjoying this drink because I was thirsty or enjoying this because I had a caffeine deprivation and now it's restoring my caffeine level, so I'm enjoying it. If I didn't have any of those deprivations, I wasn't thirsty, I wasn't hungry, I got everything I need, I'm exactly where I want to be, hanging out with my students, everything, the weather is as good as it could possibly be. Then I've got a state of pleasure. And the second one is the goal, is what the philosophy is aiming to produce. And the other kind of pleasure has a role in producing it because clearly, if I don't ever eat, then I'm going to become very hungry and that's going to be very painful, including starvation and things like that.  In a happy state, if one's hungry or thirsty or cold or and so on. Similarly, there are two kinds of pain. One, they say acute pain, sharp pain. They make a claim that it is necessarily of short duration.