What's happening guys? Thanks for tuning back into the channel today as you could tell by the description We're gonna be doing something a little bit different. We're gonna be talking jump packs What are they what they've come to be? You know back in history the jump packs that you can see where these a lot bigger bulky case suitcase like things that weigh like 35 pounds, but battery technology these days has progressed Exponentially we are putting batteries in smaller sizes that is reaching peak amp output That are just the same amount as those bigger heavier chunkier batteries So I'm gonna go through three of these today in three different price points So you guys can get an idea of what they are how much they cost and what kind of output you're gonna be looking at For the money that you're spending Like I said historically in the way of booster packs. These are typically what you saw these things weigh about 30 pounds or so 25 30 pounds they put out at max 1500 peak amp hours and you know, they're just they work but they're big and clunky and you know Kind of a pain to carry around so what we've moved to Nowadays our jump packs that are like this As you can see for hand size these things have gotten pretty small. Yes, there is a price difference and yes, there is a difference in the amount of amp hours and output that you're gonna and how much you spend on these that's gonna make a big difference in what you're Looking for so we've got something a little bit on the lower end mid-range and a higher end There is obviously the spectrum is so much more wide than you could imagine But we're not gonna go through all of those Just you know a good mid-range of what generally you're gonna be looking for with your day-to-day applications in these First one we're gonna come to is our lower line one. This is our and by lower line I'm not saying lower quality or anything along those lines, but the more cost-effective one is our odd do This one has a 500 amp max peak output for your vehicle this one has a flashlight has two USB outputs the 15 volt one amp input and a 12 volt Output as well that you can put a little cigarette lighter on got a battery indicator to tell you how charged the battery is Nice compact little design and one this size you really could fit it in your pocket if you wanted to These things are at a really good price range They are right at $60 available on Amazon and I'm gonna be putting the link to these in the description as well So you guys can check them out the battery rating on this one for charging through the USBs like you could charge your cell phones This one is rated at right at thirteen thousand eight hundred milliamp hours So when you're charging your phone battery the average phone battery these days is between thirty five hundred and Four thousand milliamp hours, so this one is going to charge your phone or whatever it is Roughly, you know four or five times So it's a really good charge packet just to have in your car for those people who always let their cell phone die It's good for that and then also to have for a jump pack as well Something that's standard across the range between all of these and pretty much any jump pack that you get anymore It's going to be this version of circuit protection So I have got a vehicle behind me that we're going to be testing these out on This is a circuit protector that goes in and it's got our cable clamps that you would connect to your battery as well The circuit protection in this is able to sense the voltage and the polarity of the batteries that you have hooked up to So when you hook this thing up if you have it hooked up incorrectly You will see a red light and it will beep at you telling you hey big dummy. You've got this thing hooked up wrong Check it again. Hook it up right read the damn manual but so it's really easy to do and Then they also have a boost button that if you have something that's you know kind of testy and doesn't want to get real great Connection this will kind of bypass some of the circuitry and the safety sensors in it This one has that function the Duracell one does not have that safety bypass The genius boost HD does also have the bypass as well. So we're going to hook this thing up our test vehicle that we have is a 2017 Chrysler town and country Minivan and I've already discharged The battery in this system the standard battery is rated at 730 cold cranking amps and it does have a 3.6 liter engine So that's going to be rated at right around 292 95 horsepower Which is a pretty good sized motor for what you guys are going to be using these jump packs That's the range that you're kind of looking for you can get bigger jump packs that are four Bigger motors diesel engines and such but the smaller jump packs that were kind of going over are Going to be for motors, you know up to this Maybe a v8 but not really rated for that. So these are the ones that you're going to be testing So I will get this first one hooked up and we will show you how well it works All right, so we're going to show you guys what we've got to work with as you can see Testing here. We're at like 10 ish volts right around there on our battery and This thing's been discharged for a little while So this is simulating something along the lines of you just left something on overnight and it's you know kind of discharged So first off, I want to show you that if you hook this thing up wrong what happens So the red light lights up that you have the reverse polarity It says no dummy hook it up the right way So we will hook it up to the correct way and Then it says it is correct. It is good to go and you should be able to start the vehicle so before No start and if we hook the jump pack up, we'll see how easy it starts With the jump back. It is said is correct So that made it pretty simple like I said, we're only a couple of volts down You know three or four volts down so it's not way way dead But that's the other safety feature that these things have to be able to read the correct Voltage and the correct polarity of the battery There has to be some voltage left in this battery if there is not it can't read the polarity and Therefore it will not allow this to start because it doesn't know if you have it hooked up right or wrong So that is the one downfall to these jump starters is that if your battery is dead dead like below three volts It will not work unless you have an override or a boost function to say I know what I'm doing Go ahead and put out the voltage anyways So if it has below three volts, you're kind of out of the loop on a couple of the other ones But this one has a boost button that if you were at a dead dead battery It will charge it up. It doesn't have a whole lot of output because it's only at you know peak 500 amps I'd say it's probably Maybe at 200 amps after your peak, but that's probably what you're looking at for something this size So as you see that worked that's what I said before it was rated at 13,800 milliamp hours for charging just standard cell phones and everything like that it comes in this nice little case That you can kind of put everything away and put that in there Zip it all up and you can have that case to put in your little glove compartment It's got your other charge cables that it does come with which that's a pretty neat little add-on everything from an old iPhone to the newer iPhone to a newer mini micro HDMI cable so pretty cool And then your other charging cables that you need for the unit as well So all in all pretty good unit, especially when you're talking about 59 60 bucks. So That is the jump pack from Audu the next one we're going to be going to is Kind of a midline one from Duracell This one is 80 bucks on the Amazon 79 95 I believe This one is rated at 1,100 peak amps on starting it is rated at red run 18,000 I think right around there mill amp hours on the battery Capacity so this one is going to charge things a little bit more It also does have the flashlight on the front strobe functions and everything just the same as the other one here in the front this one has an HDMI out or The micro HDMI and the USB I'm sorry. This one is for charging Charging only this is your USB output this kit Does not come with any extra cables other than the one to charge and the one other USB for it and then These for your jump pack purposes so like I said 18,000 mill amp hours for cell phone and Little batteries for charging those so this is rated a bit higher on that aspect and the other one was Rated at 500 amps peak output. This one is rated at 1100 amps peak output Roughly the same size a little bit bulkier. I'll get this one to compare so About the same size This one's a little bit thinner So and they weigh about the same as well So we're gonna hook the Duracell up to the van after I get it discharged back down to the same exact level So we're working at a van with this same exact voltage discharged All right, so we'll see where we're at now voltage wise We're at the same Voltage right around nine volts. So we are discharged make sure it won't start Just clicks so we are low and we'll see what the circuit protection on this one does So a little red light flashes and it says no dummy. You've got it hooked up backwards Now unlike the other two chargers this one Does not have an overrider a boost function So this one is good for your teenage kids who like to push the buttons and try to figure out how things work and Chuck each other This one cannot and will not shock you in any way shape or form so this one is full proof you can't do it wrong and So when we hook this one up correctly We can see that we have a little green LED light that comes on tells you yes, you've got it hooked up correctly So we've got this thing on powered on full battery See if it starts her up and as you can hear this one was beeping right there This one beats also and flashes a green light to remind you.  So that's pretty cool It's got you know the extra safety measures so for your teenage kids I would say this is probably one of the best ones that you can't mess this thing up You absolutely cannot it's rated for a decent amount. You know a little bit more than the Audu Jump pack. So this is a good mid-range one that I would recommend to anybody Let's go see what kind of case it comes with Okay, so the Duracell it comes with the battery the jump packs and the charging cable for the unit and It comes in this sleek little case that you could stuff everything in cinch it up and Put it in your vehicle. This stuff is double-lined and it seems pretty pretty heavy-duty It's not a chintzy, you know a little bag But it is a bag as compared to the Audu that has a little bit of a harder case to it so that's the Duracell jump pack and Now we're gonna be moving on to our big boy This one is the highest line of the bunch. This one is rated at 2,000 peak amps output. This is the genius boost GB 70 This one runs a hundred and eighty nine dollars. So it is a little over a hundred dollars more than the last one It has Outputs this is one that hooks up to a cigarette lighter Cable that it comes with and a USB as well Inputs you have the micro USB and a 12-volt input as well So this one has a 12-volt input that you can charge this one back up off of your car 12 volts Which is usually actually a little bit faster than hooking it up to just a micro USB Wall charger input something along those lines. So this one again Power function it does have a light a lot brighter than the other ones But again, this thing is a lot bigger heavier duties Battery pack this one is rated at 27,000 milliamp hours when you're talking about charging your little cell phones and stuff at that 2.1 to 2.4 amp range So this one is also quite a bit bulkier as well so size-wise we are You know quite a bit wider We are half again as wide in another inch and a half to two inches longer than the other ones as well The cables are thicker and the clamps are larger as well This one does not come with any kind of big, you know fancy little case or anything to hide it in like the other ones This one has the Battery indicator as well telling you at what percentage the battery sucked up to and on and off button And then it also has the little The flashlight one and then the little exclamation point indicator This is your bypass just like was on the odd do one as well that you can bypass it If you have a battery that is very very dead. So that's a cool function So size-wise it is quite a bit bigger. So let's go hook it up to the van and see what we do function-wise So voltage-wise I know this one is a lot bigger battery So we're going to give this one a little bit more of a work for our money And I've got this thing discharged down to five point eight five point nine volts So as you can hear the IPM is clicking away because it's got super low voltage It wouldn't even tell me to let allow me to turn the key and the function off. So it's pretty dead Here in a couple minutes it would go flat out and it'd be super dead.  So that's good and we will hook it up the correct way then then we will power the unit on It sees that it has the full charging and the clicking is stopped See how well it charges and starts That started up very fast Now I'm gonna have to say that I have used this one quite a bit in the past I've purchased this one for more use in my general day-to-day use here in the shop So I know what this thing can do. I have pushed this thing to the limits I have used this thing in temperatures that are much colder than you know, normal people would want and It works fantastically. I've even used this one up to a Ford diesel truck That was pretty dead in the wintertime. We had to use this in another small jump pack on a Diesel that was absolutely dead like had no battery juice at all So, you know one of these and then a smaller jump pack did that but these I wouldn't hesitate to use on Hemi's v8's even My diesel truck the Duramax. I've used ones like these to Jump those as well. Actually one of the guys up at truckmasters meet that had the Dodge up there He needed a jump and that came from this pack right here So it works and trust me on this one This one is tried and tested and I would vouch for this one any day of the week if you can Muster up the extra hundred bucks on it. This thing has the extra ass to go along with it Well, that's all I've got in the way of jump packs for showing you guys I want you guys to leave a little comment down below Let me know which one of these three if you guys have used any of these before How well they have been how well they work for you or something along the lines work Hey, I'd like to see some bigger ones or I'd like to see some smaller ones in the future I might be able to do some more testing, but I just chose these three I had a couple of these donated and I used the other a little bit larger one of my day-to-day use I think this would show a good roundabout usage of the jump packs that you guys would be able to purchase in your and use in your day-to-day lives and So I don't know. We'll see which ones you guys think that you like the best For the price you guys let me know which one you guys like the best and which one you think would work better for your application Thanks for tuning in again. This place has been absolutely amazing. We've done a whole hut with each other We've just cleared five thousand subscribers again. My thanks is Just I can't thank you guys enough It's an awesome feeling to know that I have so many people that enjoy the kind of content that I like Because I wouldn't put these videos out if I didn't really believe in them And I didn't really think that it would be good content for you guys Which is one of the reasons why I put my own toolbox together for you guys who are saying oh Why didn't you guys have the snap one guy put it together?  I like to give you guys some cool stuff to look at and cool stuff to learn from as well So hopefully this video was a little bit educational You guys learned a little bit something and you got some product testing that you might even use in your day-to-day life Make sure you hit the like button if you enjoyed the content Subscribe if you haven't done that because I'm going to be coming out with a whole lot more content for you guys coming up I've got a ton more in the works Trust me on that one with the Duramax with tools with snap-on tools and my toolbox in general We got quite a few more things coming out in the next couple of weeks for that one if you guys haven't checked out I do have a Facebook store as well where I am selling my rust belt mechanic a little Vinyl stickers and some diesel stickers as well that I've come out with I don't know tell me what you guys think about those Check me out on Instagram. I'm over there as well. Yeah, that's where you guys can message me or email me Thanks for tuning in again, and you guys stay awesome


Hi everyone, this is Jeff Kelly of Wikibon. I'm here on the floor of Stratoconference at Santa Clara, California. We're here with DDN and Uday Mohan who's going to talk to us a little bit about DDN, what they're doing in the Hadoop world, a recent announcement around Hscaler. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you, thank you. Hi folks, my name is Uday Mohan. I am the product manager for Hscaler. If you know DDN, DDN is a provider of massively scalable and high-performance storage systems. So customers come to us when they have challenges at the very high scale of performance or scalability in storage systems. If you take a look at the top 100 supercomputers in the world, more than 70% run on DDN storage. So we are really known in HPC and we are basically leveraging our leadership in HPC and we are applying it to analytics. So we are really excited to announce Hscaler. This is a completely unified end-to-end Hadoop appliance that makes Hadoop really simple to manage or install. It's a complete appliance end-to-end that you can basically roll into your data center, plug in power, plug in networking, point to a data source and start crunching numbers. It's got storage, it's got compute, as well as networking all combined with the Hortonworks Apache distribution as well as a very flexible ETL engine. The Hscaler is built on the SFA12K40. This is the world's fastest big data platform, can go to 40 gigabytes per second. So this really helps us excel at Hadoop. Layered on top is a very highly optimized InfiniBand-based network. Really helps us accelerate Hadoop. So if you take a look at Hadoop, there's the map phase, there's the shuffle phase and there's the reduce phase. And the shuffle phase is the phase where there is a lot of data transfer in the backend network. And so we really accelerate that phase with the InfiniBand fabric here. And then there are highly optimized, very dense compute nodes. These are running Hortonworks distribution of Hadoop as well as a very flexible ETL engine that can connect to over 200 data sources to be able to plug in and import data really quickly. So the net result is you can manage this entire stack from a single point using DDN's DirectMon. Very flexible and intuitive cluster management system. So you can manage storage, networking as well as compute as well as the ETL engine from that single pane of glass. So the end result is we've really tried to simplify the deployment of Hadoop. We've layered multiple optimizations across the entire stack. At the storage layer, we have the SFA12K that is really fast, but we've offloaded all the data protection features from a typical Hadoop node onto storage. So if you take a look at a typical Hadoop cluster, a large part of the CPU cycles are being used to do data protection, data management. If there's a node failure, the backend network is being used to move data across. Well, we've offloaded all of that to the SFA12K and this is designed to do that really well. So we, and in the SQL architecture, can release those CPU cycles back to compute. Moving up the stack I talked about InfiniBand RDMA, it's end to an RDMA base. So we really accelerate the shuffle phase. And also if you take a look at any typical Hadoop job, about 30% of the data is not local to the node running the actual compute. So we really accelerate that by giving all nodes equidistant access to data using the centralized storage. And then there's highly dense compute. So the net result is we can really simplify deployment of Hadoop, but also lower your total cost ownership. The SFA12K can pack up to 84 drives in just for you. This is about four times denser than anything out there. Typically people use Dell and HP and they have 12 to 24 drives into you. So the net result is customers come to us and say, well, I need a 10,000 node Hadoop cluster. I may do it in say a hundred racks. With Edge Scaler, you can actually cut your data center cost by one fourth. And plus the fact that because we've built optimizations across the entire stack, we can really accelerate Hadoop. So you can do this in a lot less hardware. So we really save on your acquisition cost as well as your operational cost. All right, well, fantastic. Thanks so much for taking some time today. Really appreciate it. DDN, getting into the Hadoop market with a really interesting release with the Scaler. Thanks for watching.


My name is Steve and my love affair with the library began when I was a young boy in the mountains of Pennsylvania. One year when I was in third grade my mother decided I needed to see our public library and in those days it was an older wooden structure, creaky, but smelled good of old books and even though it was dark it was well lit to read. Then throughout the years I visited a library and then in college I worked for a couple of years in our college library. Got so I enjoyed the work, working at the circulation desk and in the reference area that I thought I would major in library science and get my degree. However, I had too much fun and wasn't able to make the grades. When I immigrated to San Francisco in 1972 I found using the library for work, research, writing papers, resumes, to my benefit. My first library card was an old-fashioned paper card and now you get a new plastic card. Even throughout the years as I was using a library I always envisioned someday working at the library and now that I'm retired I am working at the library. I work for San Francisco Friends of the Public Library. I'm working as manager of the bookstore and at the donation center. My name is Steve and my story starts with SFPL.


How writers can improve their work with Grammarly. From the copy on your author website, to the emails you send your readership, and the marketing ads and campaigns you create. To thrive in your writing career, you must present your work to the world with professionalism. One of my favorite tools for achieving professionalism is Grammarly. After crafting and revising content, Grammarly reveals key insights and inaccuracies that help me polish my work before I present it to the world. And making use of this AI-powered text editor is a joy thanks to its easy-to-use interface and various available formats, including the online text editor at Grammarly.com, native apps for Mac and Windows, browser extensions for Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Edge, keyboards for iOS and Android devices, and an add-in for Microsoft Office. This means you can use Grammarly on nearly any device and with nearly any piece of content you'd like to polish. From tweets and Facebook messages, to blog posts, back cover blurbs, agent query letters, and beyond. How does Grammarly polish your work? Today I'll share with you how I make use of the features available through the online text editor at Grammarly.com. After creating your account, open a new document within the text editor. You can use the editor as a word processor, directly typing and saving content for future access, or you can copy and paste text from an outside source. For example, I often write and revise work in Scrivener, then copy and paste the text into Grammarly to polish it before publication. As you type, or after you paste your work into the editor, Grammarly will suggest how you can polish your prose. These suggestions will appear as pop-ups on the right-hand side of your screen. View these suggestions as a form of constructive criticism. While they represent the AI's opinion on how you can improve your work, you have the final say. Accepting suggestions to correct inaccuracies such as spelling, grammar, and punctuation mistakes may be an easy decision. But take care when considering Grammarly's stylistic suggestions. Some may strengthen your work, but others hold the power to alter the nuance of your tone and voice. Be mindful. For example, I often use a casual tone in my work here at Well-Storied. I don't want the content I create to read like dry academia, so I strive to write as I would talk. Because of this, I occasionally make stylistic choices that Grammarly doesn't necessarily appreciate, mainly tautologies. In other words, saying the same thing twice in different words. For example, I may write, To succeed in your writing life, you must work according to your own process. Grammarly's suggestion is to remove OWN from this sentence. To succeed in your writing life, you must work according to your process. Often, I agree with Grammarly's stylistic suggestions and use them to tighten my prose. But at times, I want the emphasis that a tautology offers, or the rhythm that starting a sentence with a conjunction provides. When running your own work through the text editor, remember that Grammarly is a tool. You get to decide how to use it. Beyond pop-up suggestions, you can also refer to the sidebar in Grammarly's online editor for additional insights, such as your work's overall score. Clicking on this option reveals how your piece performed compared to other Grammarly users' work, as well as its word count, the estimated time it would take to read or speak the piece, and its readability and vocabulary metrics. If you only want to view a specific type of suggestion, you can use the correctness, clarity, and premium filters provided in the sidebar. The latter is available only to premium users, of course. Premium users can also send their work to Grammarly's professional proofreaders for a final run-through, or make use of Grammarly's plagiarism checker. Tailoring Grammarly's Suggestions to Your Work Grammarly provides suggestions based on its default settings, but the suggestions given on an academic work should vary from those provided on a casual tweet. To ensure Grammarly offers the most helpful feedback, you can tailor its settings to your liking by selecting the Goals option in the Editor's sidebar. In the pop-up that appears, you can toggle the following settings. Audience. Are you writing for a general, knowledgeable, or expert readership? Formality. Is your writing formal, informal, or neutral? Domain. Is your work academic, technical, business-related, casual, or creative? Note that this is a premium feature. Tone. Do you want your work to read as friendly, analytical, urgent, optimistic, etc.? Note that this is an experimental feature that helps Grammarly build future suggestions. Intent. What are you trying to achieve through your work? Do you wish to inform, to convince, to tell a story, etc.? Note that this is also an experimental feature that helps Grammarly build future suggestions. Once you've toggled your document goals appropriately, press Done and allow Grammarly to tailor its suggestions to better fit your unique work. How should writers make use of Grammarly? I love Grammarly for its ease of use and its ability to catch mistakes that my critical eye is simply too subjective to see. Its stylistic changes have also shaped the way I self-edit my work, helping me better present my ideas with clarity and brevity before I've run an article or newsletter through the program. I suggest all authors make use of Grammarly to polish the copy on their author websites and book blurbs. In their emails and marketing campaigns, in any blog posts they write, and even in the more professional social media posts they share. You may have noticed that I haven't mentioned running your fiction through Grammarly. Doing so can certainly help you catch major spelling, grammar, and punctuation mistakes, which can be a great way to prevent minor embarrassment before posting a snippet online or sending your manuscript to an agent or publisher. However, fiction is highly stylistic writing. When running chapters of my work through Grammarly, I've found that it offered too many suggestions that would dull my character's voices rather than improve the quality of my work. I'd much rather seek feedback from a professional line editor trained to work with heavily stylized pieces than leave this work to an AI. When I do run a passage through Grammarly to polish it before sharing, I use the correctness filter in the sidebar to ensure I only see suggestions that correct inaccuracies. Interested in giving Grammarly a try? Register for a free account today to gain access to the online editor, as well as the native apps and keyboards, the browser extensions, and the Microsoft Office add-in. For users on the free plan, Grammarly offers suggestions concerning inaccuracies and wordiness. The premium plan of Grammarly dives much deeper, sharing suggestions on unclear sentence structure, overused and ineffective vocabulary, non-inclusive language, inappropriate tone, and more. With premium, you also gain access to Grammarly's professional proofreaders and plagiarism checkers. You can subscribe to Grammarly Premium for as little as $11.66 per month if you choose annual billing. Quarterly and monthly billing plans are also available. You can use the link in today's article at www.well-storied.com-grammarly to create your free or premium Grammarly account today.


Hey everyone, welcome back to my channel. This is Kelly from House of Virgo. This is a love channel for Virgos only, Virgo's Sun, Moon, Rising, or Venus. Hope you all are doing well. If you're new, please do hit like, share, and subscribe if you enjoy the reading. Please remember some of the messages may or may not resonate. Just take a fit, leave the rest, and if you'd like to get a personal reading there is a link below this video where you can book a reading with me, okay? So hi everybody in the chat. I hope you guys have been well. Sorry for my absence, but let's get right into your reading. See what your love messages are here and what's going on. Okay, this could be the one. You've already met the romantic partner that you seek, Virgo, but there are blockages, obstacles, religious factors. Your love life is influenced by a religious upbringing and spiritual path. So there could be some type of differences between you and another person. It could be religious, of course. There could be racial differences, geographical differences. There could be... Strange. So they're saying just like the way you both were brought up could be very different. It might feel maybe at times like one person from the other side of the tracks, quote-unquote, raised differently, economic differences. Okay, so let me see what else is going on here. Okay, but there's chemistry. A strong magnetic attraction. Okay. I don't know who this person is. Virgo, but a very strong attraction to somebody or somebody has a very strong attraction to you. They feel like you are the one for them, Virgo, even though there are differences. If this person may have been seeking to find their other half and not even notice that it was you the whole time and actually coming to terms with the fact that you were the one for them the whole time. Alright, let's take a look and see what other energies are playing out here, Virgo. Okay, tennis swords. So there is a sense of surrender happening here with the tennis swords. So there may be a feeling of like something ending or somebody hitting rock bottom at this time giving up, not fighting anymore. It kind of feels like, yeah, just surrender, a healing, a connection, or healing is happening, recovery in a lot of ways. Somebody might be recovering from an addiction. They've surrendered. They're giving that up. If there was someone that there was a connection that you had a connection to someone that had some type of an addiction and they've hit rock bottom with that or just kind of in other areas of their life, healing from a past breakup or a past relationship, I feel like there's somebody here who's in a prayerful state or they're meditating a lot. They're retreating. There's an energy of like renewal, renewal of the mind. Maybe some, it just told me brainwashing or somebody's like getting a brain cleanse or cleansing in some way. All right, let me, oh, okay. So they just flipped out two, three cards here. Okay, so queen of wands, fire energy, Aries, Leo, Sagittarius, justice, and the emperor. Okay. Okay, the queen of wands, this is taking some bold steps here. So there's an energy here of someone very feisty, but really self-assured and confident in themselves at this time. And I'm also picking up somebody doing the right thing. There's an emperor energy here. So taking the lead in making something right or having some kind of win-win outcome, win-win situation, fairness. Okay, justice being served. This is like good karma happening here. Let's see what else is going on. Okay, the lovers. Well, Virgo, it seems to me like there's some type of deep partnership here that's either somebody new coming in or this person, maybe you already know them or they already know you. This is like, you know, this somebody's coming to terms with like you are it for them. You are the only one. We have Gemini energy here as well. I kind of it just kind of gives me a sense like if there was a breakup, there's a sense of reconciliation or some kind of there was a divorce or arguments or there may be regret about someone might have regret about not making something happen sooner. And I feel like this person, because it's a six, this person, it's like finally appreciating you, somebody's appreciating you, taking responsibility for their behavior in the in the past or just their behaviors in the past when it came to deep intimate relationships. I feel Virgo, this person is trying to bring harmony and balance into this relationship.  That kind of energy is coming in here. Okay, we also have Libra and Aries. So we have the death card here, a Scorpionic energy. So something is coming to an end. There's a transformation happening with someone here. Okay, no more stagnation. No more sense of inertia, or hopes being destroyed or feeling stuck. This is like actually transforming a situation transforming themselves. Somebody might be reborn again, maybe in a religious way, or just kind of like reborn spiritually. Somebody might be going through this like a spiritual transformation at this time. Okay, all this major arcana energy. You know, these are when you get major arcana cards, like these are the cards that speak volumes, because this is like the effect of what's happening to someone and their will. What they have control over is that they're surrendering and they're coming into a place of peace and contentment and feeling settled, you know, this person in the past might have been in this place of restlessness. They may have been ready to act but never actually took any action with you. I feel like somebody here is taking action.  This could be another person who may have had their eye on you or someone that you're friends with or that you maybe you know, or they just kind of know something about you. They this person may be actually coming forward to see if there's more here in this connection because there's a sense of chemistry. This person is very magnetized by you, very strong magnetic attraction to you, this chemistry with this person and it could be a very past person. Yeah, so there's communication. Somebody might be asking you out on a date or sending you sweet text messages or phone calls and this reading will be for December. So you're going to be hearing from somebody. I don't feel like it's anything real heavy. It's page of cup energy. So it's kind of like it's new, like a new feeling of love. This person volunteers to reach out. They initiate. Okay. But it's like an emotional message. It might be an apology. It could be like somebody sends you a picture of something. It could be like a meme. For some, it could be a picture of a fish. It could be a selfie. There's just some type of a reach out. I feel it's coming here. Like I said, there could be an apology coming from someone in December. Okay. So seven to one energy. You know, it's interesting because sevens do does represent spirituality and inner awareness, like mastering the spiritual self or the spiritual lesson. And I feel like as I said that before, someone may be having some kind of an awakening and surrendering to a higher power. There's wisdom. There's insight with this person and success. And the energy what I feel is coming through here is that this person's in a position of like defender of the realm. That's what it feels like. Like standing, taking the high ground. That's what it feels like. This person is going to take the high ground, the moral high ground when it comes to you. And for them, that means doing the right thing, making something right with you cause and effect a win-win solution and telling the truth. Okay. Coming out and telling the truth. This is like a very protective energy and it's sitting on the lovers card. So it gives me a sense that this person wants to try to protect your connection, protect their heart and protect your heart. So it's beautiful. It's major, major change happening here with somebody. Okay. So nine of cups energy. This is completion here. This is like an accomplishment. You know, this is an element of understanding something in a new way. You know, this person feels they want to indulge in you. You are a wish come true for them. Okay. It feels like when this person thinks of you or when they're around you, like they become gluttonous. You know, they become like in this energy where they just want to, they just want to be happy. This person, when they were younger, they may have had like a lot of trophies. Maybe they were an athlete or they competed in something when they were younger. Now, maybe they're a little more stout. They don't do that anymore. They still have other trophies, but they're a little more like, I don't know, they eat, you know, pizza and wings and they, they eat candy a lot more, drink a lot of soda. Maybe they've put on a little few extra pounds of some sort. Or they might have been very accomplished in their past. They've received awards or diplomas or degrees and that stuff's like in a case or hanging on the wall. And now, you know, they're a bit more portly and more settled. Okay. If they were drinking a lot or they had some type of an addiction and they're recovering from that addiction.  That energy, I feel it's a specific message that's coming out about somebody here. Oh, wow. Ace of Cups. So there's a potential new love beginning here with somebody. You know, this person may wish to have a child with you for some and for others. A new relationship start up with you. There could even be a proposal of marriage.  This is grace. This is it's a one. So there's initiation. I feel like somebody is going to take the lead and initiate a new love start with you. Whether it's a past relationship and there's a recommitment to new love or it's somebody that you've known that feels that you could, you know, you're the one for them. This is like, this is like having courage, self courage is what I feel like this person gaining this willpower, it's the willpower that's coming to you. Okay, it's their desire to have like a they're going to initiate, they're definitely going to initiate, maybe even make a proposal to you of some sort, like a love proposal. It doesn't have to be marriage, it could just be commitment or just to become exclusive. They may even tell you that there's no interest that they have in anybody else at this point, like you are it for them. Okay, and then chariot energy. So that's cancer. So chariot energy, I feel like with this person is like plugging in the destination and coming towards you. This person, you know, is ready to make change here or they're taking action to make changes in this connection with you. They might be traveling. They might be if you're at a distance, there may be an invite to visit them around the holidays or or they may ask if they can visit you. Even if you guys are close, there may be asking if you would like to go have a drink or something for the holidays or just get together around this time period. I'm definitely seeing movement here and travel. Okay, for some of you, for some of you, this person, okay, little, little side note here, this person may be coming from Africa. You may have been waiting for this person to come, but there may be some restrictions where they can't. Okay, but I'm also feeling like this person is look I'm somebody's looking at a map or they're trying to look at the distance to see how far it may also be like an offer to travel together. But I kind of feel like waiting to get some information in regard to travel restrictions. So there may be a little bit of a delay. But with this being a three card, this kind of feels like this person, there might be three people involved in this decision being made, it could have something to do with the third party, it doesn't, I don't mean third party as in, I mean, for some of you, this person could have a significant other and you guys are getting together getting together. For others, this could be a third party as in there's children involved, or there could be a work situation that needs to be finished, or there could be a family situation that is playing a role in this. Okay, so I feel like somebody, it kind of feels, it doesn't feel like a crossroads. It's like, I feel like it gets put out there and then waiting for an answer. So this person could be for some, I see them inviting or asking about you know, visiting, okay, or inviting out to inviting out somewhere, waiting to hear back from you, some of you, I don't know if you're going to respond or not, you might, you might hold off, you might wait a little bit, or you might just try to research something I feel. Okay, Aquarian Energy, so much major Akana, so you have a star here, so for some of you, this person could be in the public eye, some of you might be in the public eye, but there's an enter, like there's, this feels like, oh my god, it's a freaking miracle.  Some of you're going to be a little bit surprised to hear from this person, okay, or to hear what they have to say, especially if it's not somebody you've been interested in ever and you know about them, this might come as a little bit of a surprise to you, like maybe some of you have wished you really liked this person, but something kept you and them apart and it's kind of like, wow, oh my gosh, I cannot even believe that happened, you know, this is, for some of you, it's like a Christmas wish, this is wishes being made, it's funny how the star, I put it right here on the Nine of Cups, those are both wish cards, so there's definitely an energy of like a wish is coming true here, there's a renewal of hope in the heart in this person. I feel like they're getting some really serious inner clarity and are having faith about the connection, about you, okay, they have a tremendous amount of faith actually, that's something could occur here between the two of you. For some people, for some of you this person, it feels like, I don't know if they work where they're, I just heard, like they do something where they're always like, maybe watering plants or somebody might be watering a plant listening to this, okay, it's just a weird message here, now they're just giving me December 8th, they just, I just heard December 8th and I don't know what that is supposed to mean, but I just heard December 8th, okay, okay, so we have the Seven of Cups energy, I feel like this person is sitting in this position here where they're kind of like looking at maybe, I feel like some of you ghosted this person and this is really inspiring them to connect with you or, and if that's not the case, this person is just really curious about you, like it feels like everything else in there, this person might have a snake, I just heard, somebody is the year of the dragon, they might work with gems or somebody works with gems, gemstones or crystals or jewelry, somebody may be in real estate or as a makeup artist or cosmetologist and somebody's from Rome or there's a connection to Rome, Italy, something happened on Halloween as well, but what I'm really picking up here is this person, you know, there's an energy of like really trying to, they feel like this person was wondering if maybe you were playing games with them, I have to put that out there, okay, there's this curiosity thinking them, but they were intrigued by, I don't know if somebody was playing games or what was going on, but this person seems to have this energy of being intrigued by what the heck am I stepping on, somebody's intrigued by something, by you, it's kind of like you are, it's like you're there but you're not there, they see you in their dreams all the time, so yeah, they're just giving me like this dream state, like you are there in their dreams and you're dressed and everything in the room is very clear or everything that surrounds them, the environment is very clear except for your face, they can't, they're having, they can't, I don't know if they can't see your face anymore, they can't see your face and they want to see your face Virgo, this person is having like even in their dreams, it's like they know your presence is there in their dreams, but it's like you're without a face, this person, for some of you it's, I feel like a lot of you are just like, you know, I'm here but you, but you can't see me, you can't see me little John Cena going on there, you can't see me, like you're, some of you might be faking that, faking people out or you're faking somebody out, well maybe you're not and they just think that you are, okay, yeah they were giving me again inner awareness, so that's like inner, like in the dream state, but this person is also looking at how everything in their life is pretty much solid at this point where they're at now, like they're pretty sure, you know, of the people around them, they're, they're positive about, you know, they feel secure in all areas of their life except for with you, there's, there's a lack here, there's something missing, and because of that, they're on their way to find out towards you, okay, Knight of Swords energy here, ready to make some kind of lifestyle change, that's what I feel like's going on here, a lot of communication coming in from this person Virgo, now we've got Pisces and Energy, I mean these cards seriously, this is just like some kind of seeing things from a different point of view, I feel like this person in the past was clouded, they were confused, they, in the past there might have been like some nightmares or they had maybe some depression, they may have had a lot of anxiety or some grief, maybe about someone from their past or just your relationship in general, and I feel like with that Ten of Swords energy, this person's like boom, they just hit rock bottom with everything in their life. I feel like you were there the whole time and they just didn't see you, they just didn't see you, in fact they, they never really could see you, okay, you're always kind of a mystery to them, they really couldn't see you Virgo, and, and there's, there's, they know that you're the one, but now they want to see you, this person wants to talk to you, they want to see your face, you've always been a bit of a mystery to them, you know, they were never too sure about you, they weren't too sure about themselves, and it feels like things are changing here and they're taking some very bold steps towards you, so with the hangman energy here, okay, there's duality happening here, okay, this person has been very, quite reflective, look at the glow behind the head there, okay, this is definitely some kind of a spiritual awakening, this person is seeing things in a way they've never seen things before, and they're seeing you, in a way they've never seen you before, it's almost like a light bulb went off, you know, maybe for a long time the lights are on and nobody was home with this person, they were just out to lunch, but it feels like they've finally come into the home, and the lights are on and now I just heard they can, you know, they're seeing things clearly, something happened to this person, like I said, they've hit rock bottom, and I don't know what triggered this, I'm not too sure what's caused this person to go in this direction here, but I can definitely tell you that this energy is happening, there is an energy again of self-sacrifice, this person just has a totally different perspective on everything, and you know what, I feel like this person has their fingers crossed behind their back, before they're messaging you or reaching out to you, hoping they're like, please let Virgo answer, please let Virgo accept me, please don't let Virgo reject me, that's what I'm just getting, I see this person's got their fingers crossed behind their back, I mean, I don't know who does that, people still do that, or maybe not behind their back, but just like, you know, calling, like dialing your number and then let Virgo answer, are some of you not communicating with this person, I don't know what's going on, some of you might not be, like I said, this person's taking a big leap of faith here, they're taking a leap of faith, okay, this person might have been quite unprepared to be in any kind of committed relationship with you in the past, something kept them from being with you, they may have they may have displayed apathy, or they were careless with your heart or with you, they may have been absent a lot, and now it feels like there's a huge shift because they finally surrender, they surrender here to something, and they take this chance with you, okay, ready to go on this new journey, this person has like such a crush, and they're so smitten with you Virgo, this person, they were, I feel like this, you light something up, you inspire something in this person, I feel like they were quite bored, they maybe they had a fear of being bored in relationships, or things not staying hot and heavy, or maybe they were bored just in general in their life, they might be like coming through as a thrill seeker here, with the page of wands, I feel like this person had an energy of immaturity, there's a grow up here happening, there's definitely like a leveling up happening here with this person, and toward you it feels to me like they're very smitten with you, like you light some kind of fire under them, so there's communication here about doing something together, okay, doing some type of an activity or working on a project of some sort or creative idea, there's some type of communication here about they want it, oh they just said, they'll tell you they want to grow old with you Virgo, you're it for them, they want you both to grow old together, all right, so nine wands, this person, okay, it's weird because I have the devil here, I just saw this card, so this kind of feels to me like this person's in this position here where they've been thinking about their addictions and the things that they've been through, I mean really reflecting a lot on how they just were not reciprocal with you, they weren't able to give to you because they were indebted to the devil in whatever way that is, you know, one person can't serve two masters, you know, you either serve love, which is gone or higher power, or you serve the devil, you can't serve them both at the same time, this person was not able to give love to you, okay, because they were busy serving their demon side, the side that had like their claws, it's claws in them, okay, they were chained and trapped and if you were in a relationship with this person in the past, it left you quite sullen and sad, because while they were chaining themselves to you with their devilish ways, you were being affected by this while they were distracted by other things, you know, that's what that devil energy does, it's like, there's like the father of lies, the devil just wreaks havoc in relationships here, right, so even though you felt that strong bond, it may have been karmic with this person, because you got chained to this person, so do you see how this one here is looking in this direction, looking out here, okay, yeah, I'm with you, but I'm looking at others at the same time, and for those of you who were with this person who was, you know, if you were involved with a female, you know, I know right here, this is, we're not doing same sex here, but I want you to switch it up if you need to, okay, so one person was just very sad and always like melancholy and depressed and another person was always looking out by distractions, you know, shiny things or other people, even though you both were bound together, it was karmic, it was very karmic, and that devil energy all the time, it could have been just sexual, it was very sexual based for a lot of you, if this is your past person, if not, this is somebody that, you know, their past was ruled by sex, they would get into relationships based on lust, okay, and things would always, they would always get into toxic relationships because they would start on lust, you know, and then they got fooled into thinking, you know, lust is the devil's work, okay, I feel like this person, there's their smitteness in a crush, but they're also being quite careful that they don't let that destroy the relationship, this person does not want to come in and give you the impression that they only want, you know, to have intimacy with you and nothing else, so it feels like you're coming in with more of a soul thing here, okay, now if this is your past person, you know, I know a lot of you are like, well, I don't want this person, okay, I'm not really here to say really which it is, this could also be somebody new, right, or someone that's just in your periphery, okay, that had similar situation as your past person, all right, again, if a past, you know, shows up here, then we will, but I have to touch on both, okay, so for some of you, all right, so King of Wands, Queen of Wands, we have fire energy, this is feistiness, this is boldness, charm, courage, passion, confidence, you know, you name it, okay, so we have two, the only two court cards here, we have the King and the Queen of Wands, so there is a match here, now let me take a look and see, okay, there's a golden opportunity, come in your way, this person, I'm telling you, the Ace of Cups and the Ace of Pentacles, a big new promotion, this person's coming in to invest fully, I feel like for a lot of you, if this is your past person, I feel like for a lot of you, you're going to just be very surprised and shocked, like this is a freaking miracle, this person is going through some real deep soul transformation, okay, yeah, very positive energy, we have Leo here and Scorpionic energy, so we also have, I'm telling you like, rebuilding, everything fell apart, destroying everything in the past that was and starting over in a clean slate in a very positive way, that sun shining induces new growth and new playful energy happening here, okay, the end of the struggle, okay, like I said, you're going to be surprised when this person reaches out to you, it's not just, yeah, it's going to be something sweet to start, but further on, this person may be telling you, look, I'm ready to make this change with you, I've already begun implementing changes in my life, I want to be your hero or your your heroette or whatever, right, so I do feel like this person just wants to win you over as best as possible, as much as they can in whatever way they can, okay, so yeah, there is reconciliation here, again, we have Scorpio energy, so wow Virgo, I want to bring the family back together, the children, everything and everyone, let's take a look and see what your moon pie messages are, haste, speed and travel, yep, this person is coming in, like I said, very, very quick, they're coming towards you Virgo, okay, coming from a distance, manifestation, lay all your cards on the table, don't be afraid, use every tool in your arsenal to create manifest this journey as it is above and below, so it will be here, and that's what I feel like this person is doing, they're trying to manifest this new beginning and they're going to do it quickly, for some reason this person is surrendering and coming to terms like they got to act now or it's done forever, done forever, struggle, challenge and competition, so this person is, you know, it may seem like a game to you, but I feel like this person will be trying to compete for your affection, really going to try to win and to win you over and win you back, okay, and for those that somebody new is really going to try to compete with others to have your hand, okay, to hold your hand, to be with you, to spend time with you, okay, waiting for answers to be revealed and I feel like that's what's happening here as I was saying this person may reach out and make some type of proposal or offer and we'll be waiting for you to respond, okay, trust your intuition, the answer lies deep within, trust spirit, wait for answers to be revealed, yeah, and this person standing their ground, I'm telling you, we saw that right in the beginning, this person is going to like stand tall, take the high ground, take the high road here with you, I don't know, there's some type of courage coming to them when it comes to you, something that you've never experienced from anybody in your life, your past person or somebody knew the way they would fight for you for a committed love relationship with you, that's what I was saying, like somebody here is ready to really go the distance and go the distance, they will, so future plans, this person is choosing the path and the path is you, I don't know, I just kept hearing December 8th, that may not resonate for all of you but something about December 8th is really sticking out here, all right, let's get some messages of love, Oracle cards, so we have an eclipse coming, is there another eclipse or a full moon, I got to get one of those calendars that has a moon on it, the moon cycle so I can see, I wonder where I could get one, if anyone's ever heard of a place where you can get a calendar for each day showing what cycle the moon is in or what sign, please leave me a comment here and let me know, okay, what was popping out, play hard, find time to laugh, goof off and enjoy each other, passion, try something you've never done before Virgo, one person may be giving too much in this relationship, it's not you, it's going to be this person, they're going to be over giving, that's why I feel like some of you are going to be surprised because either you've never experienced this with anyone before or with this one particular person, okay, friendship is leading to more, okay, for some of you this is a friend who does come to terms with the fact that you are the one for them, okay, but firm boundaries are going to be needed right now, now for some of you, like I said, boundaries against any kind of lustful situation or something that could possibly turn toxic, so be careful with that, okay, here you go, this could go either way for you guys, new love, okay, a new love or recommitment to love is developing so that you guys are just going to have to wait and see how this plays out because it could be either one, some of you have not fully healed from a toxic connection in the past and you have someone new coming in and you're scared to death that it's going to be this a repeat cycle, okay, and that's why I feel like I'm having a hard time picking up from some of you, I could be picking up both, for some I'm picking up your past person that you, the energy from you is your past person and others it's, and also it's the new start, new love with someone, okay, and that's why I'm not able to really pinpoint which it is, it could be both, let's see, mastery, okay, this person has learned the spiritual lesson and you guys have two, and this is what I was saying in the very beginning, remember I kept saying the number seven, I kept bringing that up seven, spirituality and inner awareness and mastery, spiritual mastery happening here, a true master is one who masters themselves, That's a...I think that's a Lao Zhu quote Let's see what else here. What other messages for your past person. I wish things could be different. I feel you even though we are apart. I want to feel this way again. I love you. I feel you leaving me behind and I'm becoming a better person. I did leave you before you could leave me and I've spent this whole time replaying our conversations over and over since we've been apart. We will be together again.  Don't get mad at me. I'm just giving the message. You don't have to take somebody back if you don't want to take them back. Okay I'm just here for the give the messages. All right let's get your dates and names and see what I pick up here today. Okay okay somebody's knee there's a letter M. I'm picking up the letter M and the 15th. Okay the letter J. I just heard Jenny or Jennifer. I'm also picking up the 20th. Okay um you know what someone has a K. There's a letter K. We have a G. I'm hearing all right they're just telling me Jerry. A J-E-R-R-Y or G-G-E-R-R-Y or I. Jerry, Geraldine, Jeremiah, uh Jeremy. Someone's from Germany. Okay somebody is Mimi. Am I am I? Okay um somebody is 33 or will be 33 or just got done being 33 or there's a 33. Okay oh somebody okay they're just saying somebody's coming in to ask you a question. For some of you the communication that you get from someone the first communication you get from them will be in the form of a question asking you something asking you a question. Okay we have a C and I'm also picking up oh there's a letter eight again somebody's 38 um and also somebody was born March and also 1983 okay um I'm hearing and um so country code could be number 10 um or zero one and I'm also hearing like an area code 810 and I'm also or it could be 810 310. I can't make out if that's a three or an eight. It's either 310 or 810. Somebody's name is Nick. Nicky or Nicholas. Could be old Saint Nick. Okay oh there's a letter s as well and um they're also giving me the word freedom oh they're saying freedom to travel I don't know what that means freedom to travel okay I'm getting okay 33578 okay um somebody okay somebody maybe was a tar is born in the month of May and then I'm also getting uh the year of the snake it just gave me the year of the snake which I think is 19 I think it's the last thing I know is like I'm not sure and I'm also picking up um the year of the horse a horse so whenever your birthday is or what year you were born okay they're giving me June 20th as well oh boy okay they're keep giving me the same messages here I have really specific they're saying again Jennifer or Jen and or Jenny um they're saying Jenny that person is your king I said Jenny that person is your king yep they're giving me the same messages over and over again um that person is your king but it's specific to like the names that I called out especially Jenny I keep getting Jenny all right let's work on and get some of your charms to see what your charm messages are here I hope you all are doing well sorry I've been so absent I've just had so much going on with the holidays and then I had a wedding that I attended over the weekend and just family stuff it's just been December is always a festive time for me with family and friends and I sometimes I'm just absolutely exhausted and um I actually you guys just so you know um the last two weeks of December I've um I'm taking a break from personal reading so I could enjoy my holiday time with everybody and um so if you want to get a reading book it like start booking it up now because I do have some slots before I go on vacation and then I'm not going to be back till after January but I'm going to be getting my second shot so to speak so I'll probably need a couple of these to myself all right let's get some charms didn't I say king here we have a crown okay we have a crown here we also have a ship's wheel and a key um somebody's getting key to a brand so some brand new wheels for the holidays and we also have um what the hell's this oh it's an octopus or maybe you like to eat octopus if somebody eats octopus huh somebody definitely wants to get their tentacles all over you in December Virgo somebody is definitely going to get their tentacles on you okay could be like a trip um you might actually be getting uh going on like a sea I don't know it's like a sea like a maybe you're going scuba diving or going on a trip in this to to the sea like out into the ocean or something you're gonna be on a or somebody invites you on their boat in December I mean I hope it's in a warm place oh this feels like Neptune could be a Pisces it just gave me Neptune let's see what other messages you have here okay we've got a sea turtle and a dolphin okay so we have an octopus a sea turtle and a dolphin um these are really special messages here something to do even like a captain's wheel a ship um we also have like a mask interesting and namaste and uh oh gosh it's a pendant with like this little doggy what is this dog called um darn it let me think is it a Shetland sheepdog or it's like one of those long kind of long for little dogs with they look like they have beards on them I don't know if you guys can see that look like I don't know what they're called I said Shetland Cheapdog that might not be what it is um it's kind of like a a pendant with a dog or maybe you have a a pet like that or you have somebody lost their dog and there's like a memorial for their dog or some type of pendant or something that that somebody wears with like a picture of their animal their pet um or is a gift that's being given for the holidays as well you have a star now look some of you I said the other day in one of my readings about a white star and now we have a gold star okay so I feel like whoever did the white star you might maybe you have a gold star somewhere in your house or there's something to do with like a gold star restaurant or a gold star family which could represent like military there might be like remembrance or something or something along those lines this is also a star with a marquee somebody could be working in theater or in the movies somebody I just want you to know if you're a Dallas Cowboys fan um listening this message is specifically for you that's for sure um also I'm hearing someone's getting like their stars and stripes is something with military I'm hearing that as well now this mask oh somebody designs masks maybe or tiaras or something like that um I don't feel like somebody's masking or anything maybe you're reading a book you might be reading a book on people who are people who mask like a masquerade people who people who kind of show up with that like false mask maybe you're reading self-help or you're going to school or doing some kind of psychology training of some sort or something along those lines so and then namaste so somebody might say that a lot or you have a pendant or that's somewhere you have like you post that on social media for someone here this is your word like you use that word all the time and if that's you then yes this is your message for sure but I'm really picking up the energy of the sea I'm picking up Pisces and I'm picking going I'm picking up going maybe on a cruise or on a boat um for some or maybe you live by the sea somebody's parents live by the sea and they have like captain's chairs in their home or they have like a a ship wheel on in their home somewhere oh and then I also heard okay um be careful of gosh this is so crazy to say um take care that's it okay I got the message here take care um with the virus that's out here now okay um this mask is they're telling me now make sure that if you're out whatever you're doing make sure that you're masked up if you need to be okay um for someone now this mask is over the eyes and the nose but it's symbolic if you have to go somewhere um especially around the holidays you know for those of you who believe in it you know I know there's a lot of naysayers out there um that's your message to make sure that you wear a mask because the ship's wheel kind of looks like that virus a little bit so just be careful um if you're connecting with anyone make sure that you're being careful um that you are being preemptive that you stay healthy throughout the rest of December because we know the holiday season and you know in cold areas and things like that um it's flu season and what happens is anybody's guess this time where there's like a new virus and all that going around so just you know or a new variant just be very careful with that you hold the key Virgo to your health to your sanity you're the only one who can unlock the doors to better living you have the key no one else can do this for you you just got to find the key some of you just forgot where the fuck you put it some of you just lost your keys again go look for your keys um if you lost your keys some of you might not even know you lost your keys so you may have lost them go look for them because I know you're going to be like going out to the car and you're like damn where's my keys and you remember my video all right you guys so that was fun I'm going to end it here doing my best to upload every night again as much as I can throughout this month so please bear with me uh I'm sure you know if you don't hear me or you don't see me please understand everything's okay um I'm probably just exhausted at times the winter is hard because sometimes I just get very drained physically and I just some days just need to lay down and rest okay um so I will leave you there with your reading thanks everyone for being here and hanging out and I will see you all very soon okay you guys love you bye


No, we're on the magazine. Two magazines. These weren't PDQs. All of them are PDQs. No, not all of them. We have an upgrade there for that. We have to make six to seven? Six to seven on two. Did BG tell you we were supposed to get times? He told me we were just PDQs.  I'm only on this one now. Hey, get the second set. I'm only on this one now. Hey, get the second set. Bridge to the left of the second set of stairs. There's two. Two inside the building. First story context box on the left side of the building. So I'm holding there. Trying to waste all my ammo. I'm in pain apparently. You can move. I'm in pain apparently. Help! I'm in shock! Roger. Send it. From across the MSR. Right here. Hey, who's that? Cross, cross, cross. Take out the casualty. You got the casualty? Just don't take it heavy fire. Start moving across. It's up to you. We just need to make sure we got enough seats on the aircraft. So we need to send two other seats out. With this wave. Outdoor beds. Yeah. How big is that end phase? Again.


In the previous sections, we understood the notion of a commodity and then the notion of money. Then we moved to the study of capital and then we looked at the effect that capitalist relations of production have on the organization of the production process. Now, in a sense we are going to move and ask a very different question. So, we have seen that capitalism which can be represented through the circuit of capital is primarily interested in generating surplus value. So, we have understood how this surplus value is generated. So, we have understood that capital can be represented abstractly as this process which generates surplus value. Now, we want to ask the question what does the capitalist system do with the surplus value that it has generated? Once it has generated the surplus value what does it do with it? There are two things that the capitalist system can do with the surplus value. Either it can consume it or it cannot consume it and invest it. If the capitalist system consumes all the surplus value it has generated then we have a scenario that Marx refers to as simple reproduction. Simple reproduction means all the surplus value is consumed and therefore the production process carries on in the same scale. The scale of production, the size of the production process, the size of the capital involved in the production process does not change. So, that is if all the surplus values consume. The capitalist system does not really consume all the surplus value. In fact, it only consumes a small part of the surplus value and rather invest the major part of surplus value back into the production process. When it invests the surplus value back into the production process and consumes a small fraction of it we have what Marx calls the accumulation of capital. In fact, there are two sub cases to consider. If the investment takes place with the key parameters of the production process remaining unchanged and by the parameters here I mean two parameters the rate of surplus value and the organic composition of capital. If these two parameters of the production process does not change then what we have is what Marx calls the expanded reproduction of capital. On the other hand if we have the more general case where along with reinvestment of surplus value we also have a change in the key parameters of the process then we have accumulation of capital. Now no matter which of them we are considering accumulation of capital or expanded reproduction whenever there is reinvestment of the surplus value it increases the scale of capital. It increases the scale of the production process. The size of capital involved in the production process increases because the surplus value that was generated is reinvested back here. So, the amount of capital at the in the beginning of the next cycle of production is bigger than what it was in the previous cycle and that is why the amount of capital value involved in production increases. The size of the capital value can increase in the production process through two methods one of which Marx calls the concentration of capital and the other is what Marx calls the centralization of capital. What is the difference between the two? Concentration of capital refers to the case of an increase in the size of the capital by the reinvestment of surplus value generated in the firm itself. So, when a firm when a capitalist enterprise reinvest the surplus value it has generated and thereby increases the scale of its production the size of the capital we have concentration of capital. Centralization of capital is different it refers to the fact when different existing capitals are brought together through the process of what we today call mergers and acquisitions. So, if instead of the reinvestment of surplus value what is going on is a hundred small firms are brought together under the ownership of one capitalist through a merger process we have concentration centralization of capital. Marx points out that as the capitalist system develops the key way in which the scale of production increases is through centralization. Even though concentration goes on because capitalist enterprises do reinvest their surplus value the key way in which the scale of production increases is through mergers and acquisitions. Those are some of the key features or key concepts that relate to the accumulation of capital. But now we are going to ask an interesting and puzzling question and that will allow us to understand another important concept that Marx brings to the fore which is the concept of the reserve army of labor. So, the puzzle is the following when there is accumulation of capital when there is reinvestment of surplus value that leads to an increase in the demand for labor power because when capitalist enterprises make investments part of it go to purchasing means of production part of it go to purchasing labor power. And therefore with the increase in the reinvestment and the increase in the scale of production the demand for labor power increases. Now if demand for labor power increases the price of labor power will increase everything else remaining constant. And therefore when the price of labor power increases the amount of surplus value that will be remaining with the capitalist will fall meaning the rate of surplus value will fall and it might even be the case that the rate of surplus value falls all the way to zero. If the rate of surplus value were to fall all the way to zero then the source of income of the capitalist class with completely dry up in a word capitalism would end. The puzzle therefore is that capitalism constantly reinvest large part of the surplus value increases the scale of production, but with the increase in the scale of production the demand for labor power increases. If there were no mechanism available to counteract that the increase in the demand for labor power would lead to an increase in the price of labor power which would ultimately eat into surplus value and reduce profits. So the question is what is the mechanism available to capitalism to make sure that the price of labor power does not increase too much and by too much I mean it does not increase to the extent that it removes all surplus value from the system. This was an important question which had been addressed by previous scholars, previous classical economists. The answer to this question that was provided by Ricardo drew on the theory of population that had been propounded by TR Malthus. So the answer that Ricardo gave was the following, when the demand for labor increases the price of labor power increases what that means is that workers now have larger incomes. The ability of workers therefore to increase their family size increases and therefore with the rise in incomes the population of workers increase. As the population of workers increase there is an excess, there is an entrance into the labor market of more people and that puts a downward pressure on wages and brings it back to where it was earlier. So it was the theory of population given by Malthus which was used by Ricardo to explain why the capitalist system does not have a tendency for the wage rate to increase the value of labor power to increase and to eat into the surplus value which is the source of the profit of all capitalists. Marx was very critical of the theory of population that Malthus had propounded and therefore he wanted to propose an alternative mechanism. The mechanism that Marx proposed to answer that same question relied on the notion of the relative surplus population or the reserve army of labor. So what was Marx's argument? Marx's argument was the following. With the accumulation of capital there is an increase in the demand for labor for labor power increases. The demand for labor power when it increases it reduces the rate of surplus value because a higher amount of the value added is returned to the working class in terms of the wages. Once the rate of surplus value falls there is an incentive for capitalist to start searching for new methods of production which save on labor. So therefore instead of using the population theory what Marx proposes is an inherent tendency, an intrinsic tendency in capitalism to introduce technology which saves on labor, what is today called labor saving technical change to deal with the decline in the rate of surplus value. So labor saving technical change, the technological changes which reduce the amount of labor used in the production process is the response of the capitalist system to the increase in the price of labor. This has two effects. It reduces the demand for labor. Why? Well it is labor saving technical change. So therefore the amount of labor required to produce whatever is being produced is going to be lower after the technological change has been introduced. So the demand for labor power falls. What about the supply? The supply of labor power increases. Why? Because when labor saving technical change is introduced some of the workers who are currently working lose their jobs. Instead those work, those jobs, those tasks are now done by machines. So on the one hand the demand for labor power falls and the supply of labor power increases. The result is that the pressure on wages go down and therefore the price of labor falls. So the wage rate falls and therefore the rate of surplus value is restored. So this is the mechanism through which the capitalist system is able to deal with wage pressures when there is an increase in the demand for labor that comes from the accumulation of capital. So what Marx is proposing here is to think of the labor market as being divided into two parts. The total labor market is divided into two parts. One part is what Marx calls the active army of labor. So these are all the workers who are currently employed. But in addition to the active army of labor there is always a relative surplus population which is what Marx calls the reserve army of labor. The reserve army of labor are all the workers who are currently not employed but are potentially available to capital to be drawn on if the need arises. We can think of the flow of labor power through the labor market as follows. Every period new workers enter the labor market. So that's the flow A. Some of them find jobs so they become part of the active labor market. Some of them do not find jobs therefore they become part of the reserve army of labor. There is of course a movement between these two boxes. Some of the workers who are currently employed might lose their jobs. So therefore there is some movement from the active army of labor into the reserve army of labor. The opposite movement also happens. So some of the workers who are currently not working might find work. And then some of the workers who are currently employed would finally retire and move out of the labor market. And some of the workers who are currently in the reserve army might get discouraged or become old and move out of the labor market. So the reserve army is the relative surplus population that is essential to stabilizing the movement of wages in the capitalist system. So instead of a theory of population it is a theory of the generation and reproduction of the reserve army of labor which was essential for Marx to answering that question and addressing that puzzle. The reserve army of labor it in turn can be thought of as three different components. So it has what we can call the floating reserve army. The floating reserve army are all the workers who lost their jobs who were at one point in the active army of labor who had been employed but who lost their jobs because of labor saving technical change or because some businesses went under when there was a general recession or depression. That part of the reserve army of labor is what Marx calls the floating reserve army. The second component of the reserve army is what Marx calls the latent reserve army. The latent reserve army is all the workers who are potentially available to be drawn on by capital but who are not right now part of the labor force. There are two important components of the latent reserve army. One household labor. In most of the capitalist world household work is done mostly by women. Lot of those women do not enter the labor force but they are potentially available to be drawn on when the need for excess labor arises. In fact, in the post war period in the US and Europe lot of labor who lot of women who had earlier been not in the labor market were drawn into the labor market. So, that is the one component of the latent reserve army. The other component is peasants. Peasants in third world who might not be in the labor market selling their labor power but might be working on small plots of land. They can be drawn on by capital if the need be. So, that's the latent reserve army. The final and third part of the reserve army is the stagnant reserve army. The stagnant reserve army are those workers who at some point might have worked but for long periods have not been working either because they are discouraged or because their skills have become obsolete or for other reasons they are not able to be part of the labor market. In any case, in the capitalist system there is always available a large reserve army of labor, a large relative surplus population that is surplus to the need of capital which bears the cost of stabilizing the system. It is the replenishment of the reserve army of labor which is the key mechanism that moderates wage pressures and therefore the capitalist system requires to constantly reproduce this relative surplus population if it has to continue the production of surplus value. So, let me summarize. In this segment we looked at the issue of accumulation of capital that is the question what happens to the surplus value that has been generated. We saw that a large part of the surplus value is reinvested in production. The reinvestment of surplus value in production increases the scale of production increases the capital value in production that process is known in most general terms as the accumulation of capital. We saw that the scale of production and the size of capital can increase either through the concentration of capital or the centralization of capital. And lastly we looked at an interesting and puzzling question, what is the mechanism available to capitalism to make sure that when there is an increase in the demand for labor power with the accumulation of capital, the price of labor power does not increase to the extent that completely wipes out surplus value. And we saw that the key idea that Marx brought forth to answer this question is the reserve army of labor. The existence and the reproduction through time of a relative surplus population which stabilizes wage movements. With that we have now completed the main argument outlined by Marx in the first 25 chapters of capital. In the last segment of this module we are going to ask a historical question, how did the capitalist system emerge? Meaning what were the historical conditions of origin of the capitalist system? And we will see that the Marx brings forth the concept of primary accumulation or original accumulation of capital to answer that question.