Hi all, I'm Mark and welcome to a special episode of the service design show. This channel is all about helping you to design services that have a positive impact on people's lives and are good for business. And a great way you can do that is of course not only by watching this channel, but also offline at conferences. And this episode is fully dedicated to the SERVDES 2018 conference that is taking place in Milan on June 18th, 19th and 20th. So I've invited one of the conference organizers, Anna Maroni, to tell us a little bit more what we can expect at this year's SERVDES conference. Welcome to the show, Anna. Thank you. Hi. It's very nice to actually talk about the first service design conference in 2018. I'm really excited to hear your story. And the first thing I'm really curious about is, is there a theme this year? And if there is one, why did you choose this specific team? Yes, Mark, sure, we have a team which is a service design proof of concept. And the idea of these themes is connected to the fact that, yes, a service design is still a recent discipline, but not that recent, not to be already assessed. So the idea of the conference is really to see after almost 20 years what about service design, what kind of impact service design actually has in the society, in the design, in the job also. So that's the theme. Great. Yeah, it's been 20 years. It's a long time since SERVDESign has been really, really up and coming. It's still a work. It's still a job difficult to explain to the ground mother. So I'm a service designer, it's still a mess for the people to understand. Oh, well, maybe we should be lucky that we're there still enough to explore and to discover. What is, what can I expect this year as an attendee? What does the conference have to offer for me? Well, we are experimenting with a mix, with mixing the people from different fields. So not only academics, but also predictioners and company. In the reality, this is the real big challenge of the conference, because it's not so common that scientific conferences also host practitioners and host case studies or reflections, which are not, not really from the academics or academics. So our effort for this conference is really to try to create the ground for these three kinds of experts to talk, to exchange knowledge. And this is also the reason for proof of concept for the theme. OK, let's see. Now, we have been able to make it work in the real world. And is it, is it different than the previous SERVDES conferences that you change anything in that area? Yes, we are changing, but in the line with the strategy of the conference, because in the previous conferences in 2014 and 16, there was the intention, actually, to savour it, to foster this meeting, this encounter of different profiles. And so we are really trying to do it this year. We're going to have sessions, traditional paper sessions, in which we have a number of invited case studies. And these case studies in total are 14, so a lot. These case studies are from the public sectors, from the companies and so on and so forth. Then we are going to have workshops. And again, these workshops are a mix of proposals that came from the university and so from the academics and other companies and agencies. So again, it's going to be interesting to see how maybe a same topic is approached. And then we are going to have also in the beginning of the conference, and we hope this is really funny, we will be really funny. We will organise a service design drink. That's always good. Yeah, which I guess it's a pretty well-known international forum in which some of our track chairs will talk, in a way, which is a little bit more informal and to give the people the real touch of the Italian design, we will conclude the conference with the participation to the Compasso d'Oro awards ceremony. And the Compasso d'Oro is the biggest design prize in Italy. Oh, really? Yeah, it's awarded every two years. So it really will be a deep dive into the Italian culture of design. So it's a mix of case studies, workshops, awards and Italian culture. Yeah, I guess the program is really, really dense. And I hope that attendees will come really energetic because it will be hard. So this is a little bit about the structure of the conference. Can you share with me like two or three things that I will actually be able to learn as a participant during the conference? I don't need to know everything, but just two or three things that you think might be really interesting. Let's say one of the things that we believe we want really to focus on is trying to clean up a little bit the confusion between a series design, design thinking, strategic design and those kind of stuff, which is really now also very hype. And so we will try to to to to understand what's the difference, what are the skills, what are the contribution, different contributions. So two in a way, positions are designed within this. Then we will touch upon a number of let's say frontier topics like service design in government, so with public policies, service design and collaboration. So all is about co-creation, but also co-delivery. And then around the creation of communities, so how service design contribute to this, but also and this is a very news, if you like topic, how service design can contribute to distributed manufacturing and so to 4.0 industrial. Yeah. So I think we are really moving from a different field and sector. So the idea is to try to have a conversation on the frontier of the discipline and the ambition at least is this one. Well, that's that's also the ambition of the show. So we have a match there. It sounds like a lot and it sounds super interesting. As a conference organizer, you always experience this journey in a different way than an attendee. I'm really curious, what is the thing that you're looking forward to the most yourself? Well, I think we are a big group of people working around this conference. So first of all, to be able to collaborate and to bring these different perspectives is is is not it's not a it's not a minor, minor issue in Italy and in Polytechnic. In particular, we have a long tradition in service design since 20 years, as I said. So our ambition is really to also set a new way of creating this kind of scientific conferences in which can become more open to yes, to the other words, the words of prediction, other words of companies. So we hope this will happen. And so this is our ambition in a way. This is your ambition as a conference organizing team, but what is your personal thing you're looking forward to the most, the day that it's over? Or is the specific thing that you would like to see? Most of all, surviving to the conference, because I think this is the main issue. Personally, I hope to to grow up in terms really in terms of understanding how these these field work work with in the minds of the people. And also, since I am also the director of a program, academic program, I personally hope to have a way to better understand opportunities that my students have in the in the real world in the job market. Anna, one final question, and that is if people are interested and excited about your story and thinking about going to the conference, there isn't a lot more time. But can they still get tickets? Can they still enter the conference? And if so, how? Yes, of course they can. We still have their registration open until couple of days before the conference. They like to serve this.org. So it's a website, very, very easy. We of course will close the registration when we will reach the full amount of participants that we can host. But we still have some options. So last minute options to going to Milan and tasting the Italian culture, that's still an option. Anna, thanks so much for sharing the story. It sounds like it's super interesting conference. I'm looking forward to the stories that will be there after the conference. Good luck with the final preparations. Don't forget to have fun. And I look forward to meeting you somewhere in the future. Oh, for sure. We will miss you in the conference if you will come. So please, Marc, next time put it in the agenda. I will for sure. We hope to have a lot of people. Thank you very much. Thanks, Anna. Ciao. Ciao. So if you would like to learn more about the conference, make sure you head over to serve this.org. I really hope you enjoyed this video. And if this is your first time here, make sure you click that subscribe button because we'll be discussing all the major service design conferences in future episodes. Thanks for watching. And I look forward to see you in the next video.


Good morning, John. So, writing fiction is hard and weird, and I have found that it's a very important thing to identify something about my fictional characters. It's not their star sign, it's not whether they're an INTP. It's not really what they value, it's not really their identity. It's like an overlap between those two things. I have a hard time articulating it, probably because sociologists will roll their eyes at me and be like, it's way more complicated than that, Hank. But it is the overlap between the attributes that they think are positive and the attributes that they think they have. It's the stuff about them that they think is valuable. The reasons why they think they matter. And I've also found this to be a useful thing to understand about myself and the people who are important to me. And also, like, people who are important to my society. So here's how I kind of feel like this works. Society is like, here are the positive attributes. Pick a few and have them be yours. And maybe you're lucky and a couple of those things fit, like a real nice new shirt. And then you can feel like you matter. Other times people will find that there isn't a lot of overlap between the things that they've been told are valuable and the way that they actually are or the opportunities that they've been given.  It doesn't mean that you can't figure out how and why you matter. It just means that you kind of have to, like, figure it out on your own. You have to make some things up and have them not be the default things that society has presented to you. Here are a few more things that this line of thinking has brought to me. The traits that you believe are valuable about yourself are really important to your self-worth. And so if somebody threatens that, it can feel like an assault. And this sometimes happens with attributes that, like, one person doesn't think it's that big of a deal and the other person thinks it's, like, the only reason they matter in the world. And that can cause...subtention. Second, any given culture will have a lot of strong opinions about which traits are really valuable. And it is much easier to go with your culture's beliefs than to try and define it all on your own. And third, there is good stuff about all of the traits that people value. That's why we value them. There are, however, also definitely some worrying things about some of them. This has all been ridiculously abstract so far, so let's just...let's list some traits. Beauty, intelligence, ancestry, strength, wit, care, kindness, wealth, selflessness, curiosity, loyalty, grit, independence, mastery of skill, winning, focus, how well we conform to expectations of social roles, like gender, family, and career, being part of groups, like teams, or citizens, or friend groups, or political parties. And depending on how you're raised, the stories you hear, the default expectations of your culture, the attributes you end up believing in may or may not be attributes that you can actually embody. And sometimes there are things that you can only embody for a specific period of your life, and then you won't be able to do it anymore. As humans, we need to believe we matter, and so I'm hesitant to say that these things are subjective, but they are. From my point of view, there is no mattering outside of in here. It's just the story we find most compelling, whether it's the reckless individualism of Thomas Edison, or the thoughtful kindness of a teacher or parent. We believe in the stories we find ourselves in, but sometimes those stories make us miserable. Sometimes we don't match them, sometimes we grow beyond them, sometimes the world changes, and they become less useful and do more harm than good. If I have any wisdom to share here, it's that these things are not carved in copper. These things can change, and they should, and that should never make you feel less worthwhile. It should make you feel human because of all of the exceptional things about humans. The amazing traits that we have, the one that is most human, is adaptability. What matters to you, the stories you find yourself in, how you imagine your value, all of those things can change, and all of them will. John, I'll see you tomorrow.


Everybody forced here rip in 2122 upper-deck artifacts hockey hobby five box number two random team style Here are the results you can always find them a late in sports cards calm Dr. Lincoln chat for you as well. Thanks for joining everybody and good luck Let's get started If you want to start collecting I suggest buying singles at first honestly you could watching breaks and buying singles Maybe joining smaller breaks But if you're buying singles you really understand like you understand the market better that way And what's worth what for the most part? You'll see what things are selling for and buying cards you like That's what collecting is right getting stuff you like Kubalik we've got a Quinton byfield Ricky for the Kings 538 of 999 go LA Dowdy and Fox Got a Nathan McKinnon for the abs 22 of 499. Oh you want to hold on to the boxes? Yeah, I mean a Mac let's go on one of the nicer products immaculate national treasures flawless prism tops chrome Got a Quinn Hughes for the Canucks now 83 of 499 products that sell well year-over-year basically There's a Robertson for the stars 18 of 85 You go stars good box good numbered parallels in this one rust. Oh, yeah Taking the Packers down. This is about to happen.  What do you mean? I? Mean holding boxes is a long-term thing so Got Jersey card La Freniere for the Where the weather range the Rangers it says on the card you're one rookie sweaters La Freniere for the Rangers Essex They got pick it in the game though. Isn't that what you wanted? God dual Jersey Barzal and Varlamov for 87 87 to 249 for the Islanders Yeah, I mean filler cards in every pack is good if there's only gonna be three cards Then you're not gonna damage the cards. It's kind of how it should be honestly. I'll say just want to make Four packs, which I'm not against rookie Mason McTavish 206 of 3999 for the Ducks That was a Toltovenin Tolvenin, I think Tom will get fired anyway at the end of the season Jamie Triesdale duck Shurkey numbered 462 of 999 Took and just Sturkin Igor a Johnny Goodrow for the flames 178 to 499 So weird that he is a blue jacket now still weird especially coven dowdy It'll take me at least one season to get used to that Burnsy for the sharks 287 to 499 same with him in the Canes Fox in a rust Driesdale rookie again this time to 50 for the Ducks You go ducks Not their biggest rookie, but still nice low number there for you Stand coast for the lightning 21 of 25 You go bolts has been a good break so far with low numbers Alex Barry Boulay 218 of 999 for the bolts the rookie card there a Bennington for the blues 237 to 499 Oliveson hints Heinz Artifacts for the abs Gabriel Landis cog 173 for 99 for Hagee and JT Miller Pat's taking it Pat's taking it this week Packers are done Lucas Raymond rookie for the wings now for 39 of 999. There we go Alex Tuk 11 to go guys breaks very soon random pack style skybox metal universe champions Artifacts Jersey Z Gras for the Ducks nice year one rookie sweater Game used very nice. There we go Z Gras game use rookie Jersey Nugent Hopkins Got a Wade Allison rookie dual jersey for the Flyers 570 of 799 She's sturkin nice auto facts Brady could chuck for the sends. That's an awesome. Hey congrats sends very good break Nice Chuck there Not perfect corners on this These packs aren't the best Still a nice hit for the senators there on the kichuk got latang there No way not the same box, huh? Yeah Stars auto facts Joe Pavel ski What the heck does that even guarantee to one auto in a box?  What is this now nice Jersey card here for the bolts is Alexander or Andre Vasilevsky Alexander Game used yep game used Vasilevsky Jersey Netgear Thanks for filling up the hockey breaks everybody. We don't do very often, but I do enjoy them NHL remnants, but trangelo for the night non-numbered Pie trangelo. That's how I'd say it Alex Turcot rookie 405 a 999 Kings Kings having a solid break to two boxes left Let's go a lawyer. All right Brent Burns sharks artifacts 341 to 499 Souter and Hart Leafs artifacts 395 499 Mitch Marner for Hagee and JT Miller Jersey card threads time for the for the Pred Seth Jones Reds time Preds time Freddy kichuk sends 578 to 599 Got Malkin 25 at 35 for the pens nice card pens Gino arm for the Panthers is Grigory Dishanko Dennis Sanko rookie arm Bergeron More it's cider rookie dual Jersey for the wings 106 of 399 You go wings nice cider dual Jersey James Van Rien's Dyke Flyers 207 of 249 Clayton Keller Rookie for the Rangers Nils Lungvist 179 of 999 Gallagher and last box. Thank you everybody again for filling this up Let's get those skybox medal universe champions breaks filled or I'm fetching a card for the Keynes Bryce what we got here? We got an Alex new hook dual rookie patch 78 of 99 abs Nice patch card three colors in the one on the swatch on the left Player worn on that one Victor Oliphson dual Jersey Saber is 129 of 249 There was a a ho auto pulled from a personal today six Nico Dawes rookie for the Devils 909 of 999 Yeah, he was uh, there was a clear cut auto of uh, a ho pulled earlier Tuka Rask Bruins 30 of 85 Nice tuka You didn't see a serious statement stands. All right six. All right Uh, who go Pekka Lukanan on the um Saber's rookie there 679 of 999 Let's hang in grubby Abs cam a car 246 of 499 That's crazy, man That is crazy. It's just circuit illusion Hopkins Did you guys have a good day? Make David for the Oilers 219 of 499 There you go Oilers Rustin took Quick recap there were there was a box of two autos in it which is kind of crazy We had one auto the entire last five box break Maybe we'll see zappy Maybe we will Hope lawyers. All right, though Saber's dual jersey all of sin Uh dual jersey for the abs alex new hook nice fans reams like for the flyers dual jersey Dual jersey reds redwings rookie more insider Patrangelo night's jersey Jersey for the bolts is vasilevsky wade allison ricky dual jersey flyers a zig Ross rookie jersey for the ducks Dual jersey islanders varzal and varlamov Laffrenier rookie sweater for the rangers autos we had stars Joe Pavelsky auto facts Senators brady kachuk auto facts and And uh another auto facts here is alexander testier for the jackets And that is gonna do it. Thanks again everybody. We are on to skybox battle universe champions


A month later, when Schuschnig announced a plebiscite on Austrian independence, Hitler and defendant Göring demanded the plebiscite be canceled. Another ultimatum demanded Schuschnig resign within three hours. Fearing invasion, Schuschnig resigned, and finally defendant Seis Inquart was appointed the new chancellor of Austria. That same day, Göring in Berlin called Kepler of the German embassy in Vienna. The conversation was transcribed. Kepler spoke first. Is that the government now? Yes, that's it. You are the government. Listen carefully. The following tag one should be sent here from Seis Inquart. Take the notes. The provisional Austrian government sends to the German government the urgent request to support it in its task to help prevent bloodshed. For this purpose, it asks the German government to send German troops as soon as possible. Well, S.A. and S.S. are marching through the streets. Everything has collapsed with the professional groups. Seis Inquart is the only one who still has power in Austria. Yes, better our troops will cross the border today. Fact was written, joining Austria to Germans, and signed by defendant Seis Inquart, Göring, Frick, von Riventrop, and Hess. Hitler, of course, had said, Germany neither intends nor wishes to interfere in the internal affairs of Austria to annex Austria or to conclude in Anschluss, 21st of May, 1935, out of Hitler. Certain fell on Act I, but already the Nazi conspirators prepared for Act II with this 1938 memorandum from Hitler to his high command. It is my unalterable decision to smash Czechoslovakia by military action in the near future. It is the job of the political leaders to bring about the politically and militarily suitable moment. Conrad Henlein was designated political leader. The plan was labeled Operation Green, and defendant Jodl issued another memorandum, reading, Operation Green will be set in motion by means of an incident in Czechoslovakia, which will give Germany provocation for military intervention. The fixing of the exact time for this incident is of the utmost importance. A few months later, Germany signed the Munich Pact with England, France, and Italy. This pact involved the transfer of the Sudetenland to Germany. The conspirators call it their last territorial demand, but before the ink was dry, they were making other plans, for Hitler's goal was the complete absorption of Czechoslovakia. And now the Czech president, Harsha, was called to a meeting with Hitler and defendants Göring von Ribbentrop and Keitel. They gave him the ultimatum. Bohemia and Moravia would be incorporated into Germany immediately, or Czechoslovakia would be invaded and Prague destroyed from the air. Harker was helpless. Defendants von Ribbentrop and Frick signed the decree making Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate. Speaking some months before about the Sudetenland, however, Hitler had said, I have promised and repeated here that there will be no more territorial problems for Germany and Europe. I will be no longer interested in the Czech state, and I will guarantee it. 26 September, 1938, I love Hitler. Now, according to more of his agitants' notes, Hitler reviewed the Nazi plan of violence and treachery from 1934 to 1939. The notes read... First, Rearmament. In 1935, the introduction of compulsory military service. After that, militarization of the Rhineland. One year later, Austria came. It brought about a considerable reinforcement of the Reich. The next step was Bohemia and Moravia. Then followed the erection of the protectorate, and with that, the basis for action against Poland was laid. Basically, I did not organize the armed forces in order not to strike. The decision to strike was always in me. In the name of the United Kingdom with Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sir Hartley Shawcross presents Count 2, Crimes Against Peace. Charging that all the defendants participated in the planning and waging of wars of aggression, wars in violation of international treaties, agreements, and assurances. The first step was the Rhineland, and the next step was Moscow. The Rhineland is occupied. Austria and Czechoslovakia are seized by Germany. And now the Nazi conspirators turn to the next problem, the conquest of Poland. Again, an adjutant, Lieutenant Colonel Schmunt, transcribed Hitler's words. The solution of the problem demands courage. It is impossible without invasion of foreign states or attacks on foreign property. There is therefore no question of sparing Poland, and we are left with the decision to attack Poland at the first suitable opportunity. We cannot expect the repetition of the Czech affair. There will be war. Meanwhile, according to their well-established practice, the conspirators stirred up the Danzig issue to furnish frontier incidents which could justify an attack on Poland. Then, on 23 August, the Nazis signed their non-aggression pact with Russia. Then Hitler told his high command, now Poland is in the position in which I want him. I'm only afraid that at the last moment some schvinoin will make a proposal for mediation. Appeals were made twice by the Pope and by President Roosevelt. Finally, Mr. Roosevelt asks that assurance be given him that the German armed forces will not attack and, above all, not invade the territory or possessions of the following independent nations. He then names those coming into question. Germany, Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Germany. My answer! On September 1939, the Nazis sent the Wehrmacht smashing into Poland and into a new world war. For France and England, faithful to their mutual assistance, packed with Poland, immediately declared war on Germany. Opened mass attacks on Polish towns and cities. The British Muntz notes said, Destruction of Poland in the foreground. I shall give a propaganda score as to starting the war. Never mind whether it be plausible or not. Have no pity, take a brutal attitude. But, as usual, before the attack on Poland, Hitler told the world, during the troubled months of the past year, the friendship between Poland and Germany has been one of the reassuring factors in the political life of Europe. 30th of January, 1939, of Hitler. The path of destruction started in Poland, but soon it led north and south across all Europe. And each new aggression was based on Hitler's principle that in war, victory, not right, is what matters. Not aggression, treaty. It has firmly resolved to maintain peace between Denmark and Germany in all circumstances, 31st of May, 1939, Ribbentrop. But on 9 April, 1940, German troops invaded Denmark.


Yeah, I'm John Dewbetter. I'm at the North Central Research Center in Minot and as we were putting together thoughts of this program tonight we Figured we better address the price outlook the cost structure and then pull together with some budgets So we'll be a little out of order here, but Carl will fill in Each year come this time of year It's the kind of we're in the decision mode of what looks good what will work and every year has its own peculiarities and earlier this summer everybody kind of had the conventional wisdom that We might want to mute some of the mics at some of the other locations Conventional wisdom was a calf prices are really high and there'll be a lot less Backgrounding as their might should be because with those high prices There won't be a lot of incentive or margin left to grow them Especially considering that the feet prices are high as Tim has shown record for corn for the year But as we take a little closer look at that as Tim was eluded, maybe that's not the situation Certainly calf prices really high anybody wants to sell their calves get the risk off the table put some cash in the bank Good for them.  It makes quite a bit of a difference As Tim showed us we got rising future prices. We also know we got low operating interest rates The southern boys don't aren't fighting us for calves And they're not gonna let our market when we background them so that has some marketing implications and probably also is If this her is going to expand maybe we want to have some inventory and maybe some heifer inventories all right to hold So that's kind of how I see the situation for this year being different and Optimistic and I put some slides together really quickly today because I was fighting computer troubles And I might have made an error because I it's more optimistic than I tend to be But when you talk about background, of course, there's so many different things we're talking about some people have four weight calves Some have six seven weight calves some feed for 45 days just to get them preconditioned some feed them tell grass Some do heifers on hay alone some push them out at three three and a half pound gain Different rates of gain different lengths of feeding period different market timings Some people buy cattle and place them in commercial lots custom feed them for most people Backgrounding is doing something at home with your own calves So there's a lots of different versions of this and I hope that we can play with a few scenarios that touches with just a couple of I guess we all know that as you hold this add additional costs and hold this inventory and value there's risk and One of the risks is you know, you can lose calves and as we look at Historic records of percent death loss and backgrounding operations. It really isn't very high It's about point three to point seven percent a year So an individual guy can get a high risk stress at a calves It could be much higher than that, but that is not with a good vaccination program Good receiving management some stress management. That's not the huge risk poor performance That's never quite as good as we want so don't know why we didn't get to we only got one six Yeah, and that impacts you because then your conversion goes bad and That's knowing what your feet is Balancing your ration adding the right supplements doctoring it up And I think we can get pretty predictable on performance other than some bitter cold period some event That we have to probably recover from was a competitive or a gain The one that scares me to death the most people is the following market This year we got the outlook that we might have a rising market, so let's move right on If we look at historic returns from backgrounding and this is from the adult farm and ranch management summarized over these last 10 years Probably about 80 90 operations in the state a year that the good enterprise data to do this There was a year back in 2007 where there was $10 headlosses The spread between when calves were valued in Backgrounding and when they went up was over $21 spread they dropped If we drop 20 bucks a hundred weight, it's hard to make money backgrounding last year. We had a rising market Backgrounders did pretty darn good if you look that over the long haul it's about $25 We're gonna start budgeting We got to kind of put a value on what we got to start with to know if we're gonna add some value or make some Money with it So this is the same chart that Tim had North Dakota price summary from last week and I'll use some of those numbers as a guide as I do some budgeting I Through the heifer price is kind of over on the side And they don't match up line-for-line with weights But those at the top of the light three and four weights and those at the bottom of the thousand weight heifers I Think it's kind of interesting when they get a thousand pounds and over. There's not much difference in their value But back over there when they're 400 pounds We're talking heifers at $1.41 and steers at $1.61 Nobody seems to get too excited about light heifers They're really discounted and so I bring that out just because if you got light heifers Maybe you don't want to give them away Here's the actual heifer data where you can see the actual weights next to there's got to be a little bit of an error on that 450 a pound one. I think that was the type of Second line down In addition to getting a realistic idea of what they're worth and these market reports can help you quite a bit Visiting with your neighbors know what contracts are going for sitting in the sale bar in a time or two But then you also got to get some kind of indication of how you're going to value them when you build your budget going out It's Tim suggested. We got some real strong futures prices all the way increasing through March All the way through next summer. There are rising outlook How close will our cash prices monitor those big question things will change they won't stay the same these prices And they're sometimes a basis when we get up north and have some trucking differential and So forth that might be four or five dollars a hundred weight in a budget. We got some costs Our direct costs for those we spend just because the caps there were taking care of it out of the $95 a head that was used last year as an average direct cost number in the adult farm management records I added up the feed was seventy seven dollars of that So feed your main cost you got a little veterinary got some fuel some operating interests maybe some marketing charges Those are kind of minor compared to the feed bill then you also have some overhead costs and these On farm backgrounders where they're trying to allocate some of these overhead costs are I guess it might be a little bit of a challenge at time True you know how much the utility bill went to the calves to the cows to the crop drying and so forth giving up the insurance premiums How much of your machinery cost or payment or depreciation is going against? Backgrounders, but that was at $11 in last year summary for my budgeting. I made a bunch of assumptions I said that kind of feeds. I'm gonna keep it real simple. We got good hay That average hay we got concentrates good hay is that stuff that's early cut grass alfalfa Maybe some alfalfa testing 58 TDN Average price in North Dakota alfalfa hay is seventy some dollars a ton. I put it in at 80. I Put the other hay 54 TDN at 60 and I said corn at six bucks a bushel Well and Tim said it's not six, but maybe by the time you get it home and process it and mess around with it at six bucks I got that at 215 and if you want to buy wheat mids or do something else or buy sprout pellets or buy gluten or distillers It's all going to be comparatively priced to corn. So that's my concentrate number Now it'd be nice in some years. We have abundance of dollar fifty wheat Two dollar corn because it's damaged. I haven't heard of anything other than some pigeon grassy screenings for 40 a ton There's just not a lot of stuff Surfacing yet. Maybe some green beans will or some Then you got to know the kind of ration you're feeding based on kind of the gain and how rough it is and how Concentrated it is how much feed it takes to put on a pound of gain This isn't a perfect chart, but I've got if you're only getting a pound and a half gain You're probably converting at 13 or four to one now if you get these calves really smoking along at two and three quarters It's probably seven and a half to one or could be slightly better than that even and so I just incrementally Put some conversion numbers that I used when I made my budgets Lot charges charge you to dime if it was at home that's your overheads cost per day per calf And if you go to somebody else to do the work so that bottom return doesn't include labor and management It just includes return on your equity Well, then you're gonna pay someone 35 cents or more or less Interest at 6% death loss at 1% vet treatments 10 per head and I just lumped marketing trucking your beef commission You're holding to market your 2% sale fee at 25 bucks a head Kepper kind of simple. Here's Steve or Steve. Here's Tim's Base budget he has on his website his spreadsheet Making $77 gain in 2.77 ration costs $168 a ton. They're converting it 7 to 3.3 Big cost 61 cents per pound to gain Total cost to gain just under 90 in the total amount you're going to spend per cap Not less his purchase cost is $176. I Said average is 25 most years when you project them you can wiggle the numbers to get 25, but you usually don't get 77 Buying price is at 139 at 550 minus the shrink of where you're starting to put the game back after you get them all home on 11 and that calf would go to town January 18th the futures price is a buck 45 for that month But Tim use that in his budget and so I use that And he said if we went to there we would double that Okay, that's kind of your traditional background About two to three months in the lot put on about 200 pounds use quite a bit of grade and some forage Well, I already suggested that some of these light heifers might not be a bad thing to have around Especially if you got them and you don't want to give them away So I put some 475 pound heifers in this budget and I valued them at $1.35 on the 1st of November Now you said is that what they're gonna sell for 475 pounds for $1.35. Well, that's what was in that last market report So if you sold them last week at one of those markets was reported you probably got something like that Next week it might be 10 under or 10 more. I don't know and then I said well We're gonna feed them some of that $60 ton hay And we're gonna feed them some of that little bit of that $215 concentrate and They'll gain 1.6 on that a day That ration is not 168. It's 115 because it's got a lot of you know, $60 ton hay in it They're gonna convert quite a bit for 13 And we're gonna sell them at $1.35 at 750 pounds next April. How'd that work out? $81 well that stay that way if feed stays that way and calf stay that way not for very long So if you got to lock some of these in if you think you'll keep that picture to last longer than a blink What's that you could put more weight I was trying to get them to a breeding weight a lot of hay We put on 275 pounds over I don't know hundred and some days Another approach is and this is an approach that people do with their own replacement ever sometimes they're a little bigger These are sorted off for keepers 550 pounds We got the good hay set aside in a heifer haystack So we're not gonna feed them concentrate We're gonna feed them $80 ton hay plus a little vitamin mineral salt. So their rations only $85 ton ration But when we give them that good hay About the best we can hope for is probably 1.2 pounds And so to get them to weigh 750 pounds we got to go clear out the jeweler Our cost to gain feed cost gains a little higher our total cost gains a little higher because they're just not enough gain there Relative to the maintenance cost, but we still project if we could sell them at $1.32 out there 750 pounds $56 profit So I've got two scenarios with heifers that looks like you can make it work One is using Some grain and some poor hay and one is maybe doing just very minimal feed input But most people are more likely to concentrate their marketing and their feeding on the steer. So let's look at a few steer examples I know everybody's calves way different and Cab different times and wean different dates, but there's a lot of calves. I've heard contracted around 626 and a quarter We got a lot of good growthy calves So you got them six and a quarter calves I'm hearing some bids in the dollar 40 range on those So i'm a little higher than done earlier And if you look at that market report, maybe that's just a tad high for what went through the market last week Let's feed these good. These are the good calves We're proud of them. We want to get them big quick like we normally do. We want them 850 and so That's our target market weight And so we got a 185 ton ration 7.5 conversion And we'll say there's no spread this thing's flat We sell for the same price we could have sold them then but now they're 200 pounds heavier And we got a 93 dollar margin right there And that's feeding quite a bit of corn to keep them moving that fast 69 cent feed cost to gain kind of high but putting on quite a bit of gain quite a bit of weight And we're building a little margin in it We don't have that much feed grain around or we're going to ration it out But we got more hay. We want to slow them up a little feed a little more of our better hay We could and we had a little lighter calves. This might be a scenario 550 pounds calves valued in at a buck 50 gain and a half pound less at two and a quarter per day On a ration that has a little poor conversion, but a little lower cost per ton Take them to 800 pounds because they're gaining slower. We want them out in april before we go farman We need the money got to buy some expensive anhydrous We'll sell them sell them at a buck 40 Futures at a buck 46 at that time What's wrong? There's only 43 bucks in this one Because you're paying wages of the lot charge Right and this one I threw in a lot charge of 35 cents and so somebody else Is making 30 more dollars or close to 40 dollars on this calf And if you want to put your 10 cent then we can put it back over any other column Well, we can even slow these things up more And we can keep them home feed them more hay and you see we're still in a profitable margin But we're starting to slide a little bit when we don't get some weight to more offset some of the maintenance costs And we're getting way out here till june before we have something big enough to market if our target weights are up there But being the futures price is holding It's still a profitable scenario Well, I said things won't stay the same I mean that it can look good tonight and it maybe didn't look good last week And I don't know how to look tomorrow Corn will go up cattle will go down feed will do something futures will change So if we're going to start protecting something we probably better lock in the feed Now if this is a haystack and it's not very marketable other ways because you didn't net wrap it or square bail it or You can only sell it to your neighbor or feed it to your own cows Well, that that's kind of firm But some of the other deals if you're buying the corn now might not be a bad time to get some in the bin Or on this market, can we afford to spend some money to protect that market? Well, this is the option price is to buy a put that gives you the right to sell that futures contract And a lot of these scenarios had a break even in the high 120 130 and the cost to buy A dollar 32 Is under two bucks So we can certainly protect a break even without a lot of money Now if we want to lock in the hundred dollar 46 or dollar 48 We're going to spend quite a bit to do it. And so we'll in fact only be locking in maybe $1 42 or $1 43 But we have enough return in some of these budgets, which is kind of rare That you can actually do something and not give away everything which is the normal case What I did today, we just did in my office with a few little tools I used the cow bites ration formulator Some of you have it or you can go see People like myself or extension agents and throw some numbers in there to see what will make a a ration Look like it'll make cattle perform the way you want But there's a thing on the web called calf web google it and that's a little break even calculator Let you punch some numbers you can go to the cme website you can get your futures or an option quotes You can go to tim petrie's page in the issue livestock economics. You can get this Budget spreadsheet or you can get those market reports pulled off directly from there So I know it won't stay the same tonight looks probably as good as it might look all fall But it does look like Backgrounding certain classes of cattle certain management styles can give you a pretty good return


What's up, how are you guys this week? We are back for the June health and nutrition Q&A If you guys missed the opportunity to ask your question, then just keep an eye on the community page I usually ask every few weeks What questions you guys have so we'll jump right in with broad band to God's question I've been wondering where how you learned about a lack of iodine in babies causes facial and jaw deformalities I've never heard this before you said it and have a hard time proving a good source. Thank you. I Don't remember off the top of my head. What video I said this in but any sort of nutritional deficiency is going to cause a Regularity in a person's soft and hard tissue development There are plenty of pictures of indigenous tribes and groups of people and it's kind of weird They almost all look the same like all the men look very very similar all the women look very very similar the Variations in our modern diets basically lack of nutrients are what causes the problem. So It's not necessarily iodine on its own It's a whole bunch of minerals in combination with toxins and pollutants in our environment stressing our nutritional stores additionally I'm not going to even try to pronounce this guy's name AML seal colors Constraining water key for liquid specifically after fermentation be better for someone with gut issues due to organic matter Larger particles and certain components that might irritate some people and lead to bloating gas. I don't know What settles in the water key for towards the top and towards the bottom? Maybe it benefits you to like pour some off the top passing it through a filter That might be a bad idea. You might remove some beneficial components, but I'm not a hundred percent sure Maybe you would just remove a small amount of yeast in it, which if anything would be beneficial But you're overthinking you should worry way more about how properly the water keeper is made as opposed to filtering it The wood smoky how can you minimize the negative effects that years of bad eating choices can have on the body? Specifically the plastics chemicals additives and pesticides. Thanks Frank. Love you products Just try not to overlook anything, you know Make sure you're following a high quality organic dye and make sure you're not interacting with too many pollutants Whether it's changing your water supply reducing the emf radiation exposure grounding every day Air quality, you know, we've spoken about all these components on my channel And once you have those basics in check then you can kind of dig a little deeper and and try to nitpick and optimize things Kevin dude, I've been buying your meat shares for a while now and the meat tastes really great The grass and meat I get at the store rarely tastes anything close to as good I would like to understand why the meat in the store is generally worse and also usually goes bad in a couple days Most meat in grocery stores is already three four five six weeks old Which honestly isn't that big of a deal because they're wet aged in vacuum bags. The issue is You know, what temperature where they handle that and grocery stores don't keep their meat in vacuum bags like we do They put it in like open containers so it oxidizes a lot quicker. That's why August how much strength training and or cardio do you think is optimal for longevity? I'm not concerned with aesthetics So you want to build up a base of muscle? I would say It's it's hard You want to look lean but have an even amount of muscle all over the body And then I would say probably half an hour of cardio a day is probably good You know, you need to have That base of muscle in the first place which is obtained with high volume resistance training So you might have to be in the gym pretty intensely for a year or two And then once you build up that base of muscle that you know, you would naturally have if you were active your whole life then you can try to Focus less on the weight training and just the cardio and light weight training every week Jason Jones, I recall you mentioned that if one is having issues incorporating water kefir They should take some B vitamins. Why am I taking B vitamin complex alongside the water kefir help? Because the water kefir has an alcohol content and it's also high in histamine and B vitamins can help the body deal with both of those Could also be mineral deficiency related by you're better off just making sure a hundred percent that the water kefir is made properly and That you might have to reduce the amount you're drinking Joe Or IO is it okay to incorporate your ready-bought homemade bone broth into the diet protocol at the start? You can put a little bit if you're trying to get some variety in your recipes I would just look at my day meetings and you guys can see what I'm doing like putting a few tablespoons of it in your udon noodles It's perfectly fine, but I wouldn't jump in and start having like half a jar to a whole jar of the collagen broth every day Why is he EDC? Do you know hence ever before was recently in the hospital for a gallstone any thoughts on it? Yeah, when you don't have enough saturated fat and cholesterol and animal nutrients in the diet That's what happens with the gallbladder of the gallstones.  Can you recreate see water and sprayed on yourself before tanning? I don't know if that's really a significant benefit Compared to just getting a lot of sunlight It's far or be after following the diet protocol consisting of water kefir and mastic with the diet for a couple weeks What are the safest and best to supplement vitamins and minerals you would first start off with B vitamin complex of vitamin C magnesium with these three best Safest and less stressful on the liver to begin with Hair mineral analysis can help to see if any of your minerals are out of whack in regards to vitamins You can just try them and see how you feel That's really it, you know take vitamin C one day see how you react take vitamin B complex one day see how you react Because the vitamins are kind of hard to measure even with blood work. Usually they show up normal, so We did a whole video on B vitamins where I explained Like how to know which one to take so definitely search Frank to find out B vitamins If you guys want the in-depth explanation on singling out with supplements, which we do have on organ supplements.com Io asked another question. I mean, this is this is more of a personal thing If you guys are having a hard time figuring out the diet Everything is laid out in my protocol videos and videos. I've done on the supplements Isaac after hearing to the diet protocol with no supplements for a while How would you approach incorporating your supplements? For example, would you start off with the B complex for a week followed by adding in the vitamin C for one week after? Week by week Would you then incorporate individual mineral supplementation based on your hair test engage how you feel? Yeah, that's basically what you would do I would actually be careful and spend more time not having supplements because You'll know when you feel better. There are specific things like vitamin B1 and Mastic gum that you might want to just take with all high starch carbohydrate meals in regards to overall mineral and B Complex and magnesium and vitamin C supplementation all that type of stuff You want to have them separated on different days to see if you feel better or worse taking it that guitar guy If you could go back in time and change one thing not money-related. What would you I mean? I don't really like questions like this. Yeah, I mean I could Give you guys a laundry list of different things that you know could have gone better or worse with my life, but I Think the main one which is what I really created my YouTube channel for and what keeps me going with all my businesses is just making sure that you know from Developmental stages of life. Everyone is getting adequate nutrition because if everyone was tall beautiful and physically healthy World would be a lot different to say the least So I think I think that's the most important thing to change and then You know once that happens everything else can be Can be fixed but not that you can't go You can't fix that without a time machine go among us. How do you gauge your enzyme intake? I saw you taking five capitals per meal of enzymes now only want to do I don't really take it anymore I'm okay without the enzymes. You have to try and see how you respond see how you're sleeping while taking it See how large your bowel movements are Buddha why aren't you fermenting the potatoes wouldn't that help with the anti-nutrients? Fermentation process doesn't really make that much of a difference Maybe soaking it in salt water does sometimes But the most significant thing for anti-nutrient content in grains is to have a variety in your diet and see what makes you feel better Like today I had a bagel with some macadamia enough butter for breakfast I had a roll with some potatoes and beans for lunch and then for dinner I'm gonna have some wheat pasta So I eat a lot of wheat because that's what I feel good and that I respond best to Sometimes, you know, I find when I eat a lot of potatoes or a lot of quinoa or certain grains It's good to have variety and then stick to like the base of a grain that you feel the best eating 144 Avery, which is better UVA or UVB lamps So UVB is what gives you the vitamin D. UVA can darken and recycle the skin the answer to that is To go out in the sun where you get both and most bulbs are actually combination UVA UVB You can't actually get pure UVB bulbs their medical grade you won't have access to them Christian will chicken tenders come back in stock? Unfortunately, no, we just have the whole chickens the breasts the thighs and the wings and some organs and soup chickens Corey Jane another question How can I assess whether or not I should supplements in copper? My copper is by far the lowest mineral on my hair test zinc is a bit under the adequate threshold My ferritin is under 30 You know, you take it one or two days and you see how you feel like Some people are overly dramatic about taking certain minerals and think they're really really bad for you But if you take zinc one day Take one small copper pill the next day see how you react if you don't feel a lot better If you don't sleep a lot better Then just don't take it again because the the hair mineral tests might not be 100% accurate But it is kind of like reassuring that you know just by taking that one copper pill that you got a ton of Very bioavailable copper that your body can use if it actually does need it and if it's not absorbing it from food properly Jt I've been making water key for a lot. It's really helped my health But recently several of my bottles have shattered and made a mess everywhere Is there a solution to not cause that without sacrificing the fermentation or do I need to use newer bottles more frequently so? After the water keeper is put in a sealed vessel the carbonation and pressure will start to build up You have to figure out whether you need one or two days of fermentation And then you put it in the fridge and the cold temperature Reduces the bacterial activity so that when you open it up it won't explode Steven Jacobs How can I see what my vitamin A levels are over time is blood tests the only way So the fat soluble vitamins are stored in the liver so you can't really gauge What the amount is? but if you get a blood test and the level is X and You don't take any of the vitamin this applies to vitamin D as well vitamin A or D and Then next year you get the same blood test and the level is the same That's a sign that your liver stores could be really high You don't know if they're toxic or not because toxic levels will not show up in the blood But you know for me I used to supplement a lot of vitamin D and I haven't taken it in probably Three four years now and my levels are still pretty good. So Until the levels start depleting on the blood work You can't really say that the liver doesn't have enough a Lot of people will come from like a standard American diet and just start supplementing crazy amounts of vitamin D after Seeing it low on their blood work But that's actually a good starting point because you safely know that your liver isn't toxic with the nutrient Yeah, this guy's asking a lot of questions about ocean water and if it's healthy for the skin I haven't really looked into that. Maybe the the high salinity content has kind of like a an Effect on the skin where it kind of dries it out and the skin tries to refresh itself Nathan thoughts on Dr. Raymond Pete's work. So if you guys are unfamiliar, Ray Pete was some kind of like cult following passed away recently and the only thing I really have to say about that is The way they went about his cause of death and keeping it hush-hush. It's just sketchy. It's just sketchy You know instead of look I've said this before I've answered this question several times on the live streams You know if I drop dead of something and I was wrong. Hey, maybe people can learn from my mistakes instead of Whoever, you know, his family or people that are still profiting off of his ideas They're trying to keep it going and not reveal what his cause of death was so But his diet wasn't perfect to say the least Slide for Larry should our pee be yellow should be hydrate until our pee is clear for optimal health. Yeah, it's easy to over hydrate And you could kind of tell if you're thirsty. You should always drink water. I Don't think it should be yellow probably light yellow to clear is fine Maybe clear is you're drinking a little too much water. It's more important to actually Choose a high-quality water source as opposed to just hydrating in general Now we have several videos on water You guys know you want to drink like glass bottled mineral water that is free of fluoride chlorine all the pollutants Isaiah get the emf canopy and floor protection sheet back in stock. I'll give you my money ASAP. I think I have one Floor sheet and one canopy left But we're getting some more in July so in about two weeks we should have them I'm sorry about that like Erica gardens just said beans question mark Probably The most important detox food. I have it every day for dinner And I try to have it throughout the rest of the day too because they're an excellent source of soluble fiber Which you need to detox your liver Last question from the same clown milk tea Alliance. What about Frankie's after some full-body freaky loop for Japanese neural massage? Maybe on Frankie's naturals in a year or two when we we have some disposable income But that's gonna be it for the Q&A guys. How long have we been going? Okay, not not too crazy long today Sorry, I didn't put the questions up on the screen like I usually do that takes like an extra hour or two of editing I'm just I Don't think it's gonna make a difference in regards to the views and I'm I'm so busy this week and exhausted that I just Have some other stuff to do. Maybe maybe we did put maybe I did decide to put them up But it's it's a little annoying because you have to edit every every single one So if you guys do want to Check out all of my interesting businesses. You can go to frank dash upon a calm and If you look through the websites and the different products, you'll kind of see some things we referenced here And there I'm always wearing my Wi-Fi shielding clothing guys at all times You know the hair pomade the deodorant It's a lot of stuff guys a lot of stuff everything I have on my business is the stuff I use in my personal life and Continuing to kind of expand and get you guys more and more products. Hopefully especially on the foods end of things We can start doing Some of the foods you guys are seeing me eat every day soon on the carbohydrate end instead of just to meet stuff But as always if you guys can drop a like on the video leave a comment down below Make sure to subscribe and check that notification bell and I'll see you guys soon


I'm John Daniel of the Commonwealth of Learning and I'm with Tansri Raj Dhanurajan, the President Emeritus of Orwasan Open University, who was my predecessor at the Commonwealth of Learning. And we're going to be talking about this very trendy subject of open educational resources. I believe it's an important development, but perhaps the first thing we should talk about Raj is whether it is an important development. You've looked at this. I mean, do you think this is yet another educational technology fad or do you think there's something real there? Well, John, I hope it's not a fad. Certainly it has created a buzz at least in some circles over the last few years. My sense is it is another asset.  I mean, if one looks at the way Matsura, I hope I got his name right, defined it as part of his big picture description. We talked about shared knowledge is the valuable knowledge. In that context, any educational resource that's made available for sharing without handcuffs or leg irons attached to it has got a value. My only concern would be having an asset. An asset only becomes valuable if we don't have to use it. But that's been the kind of challenge I sense we certainly are confronting in Asia. It's a little comfortable for people like you and I to moan that some technologies are not being used, maybe in the context of formal higher education, especially institutionalized higher education or higher education from public institutions, the usage of e-learning has been rather limiting. Private enterprise had made greater use of it in terms of their training, corporate training issues and all of that. Even in Malaysia, there is a good example. I think the growth of Islamic banking has meant a whole way of doing a business of banking and retraining people who are trained in the other way of banking had become an issue and a fairly big issue. Central Bank of Malaysia set up a training institute and they have gone on and used to use quite a lot of at least digitized learning resources for their training purposes. So you do get some successes but not necessarily from the communities that you and I have been dealing mostly with. Although I think actually one can argue that Asia will be more successful with e-learning. John Bagley has just written a book in which he argues that because in Asia the traditional forms of open distance learning and the newer forms coexist, people still remember the lessons they learned in the traditional mode whereas in North America there are lots of people who think that ODL began in about 1999 with the internet and have completely forgotten all the lessons we learned about how to do ODL. Yes and John Bagley perhaps is a little bit more flattering than I think the situation. I think while Asian distance education enterprises have had a reasonably good presence and I think we are looking at 70 or so open universities and in excess of about 15 million participants. The quality of those ventures especially in the teaching and learning interface does not give me confidence that transforming themselves or using e-learning portals, digitizing information will help the learner, the autonomous learner, the self-learner where we have been able to get away with is simply through the fairly heavy intervention of the human support. I think the Asians make up for the deficiencies of the learning materials through tutorial. By lots of human. Now how could you do that in an e-learning environment which one assumes that open educational resources in some sense is beginning to signal that social learning, autonomous learning taking place, unless the product, unless the materials have a capacity to help, I fear that it will be just either text or a resource that may not have the quality of instruction that some of us may desire. Well certainly, specifically on open educational resources, the Commonwealth of Learning has now made quite a commitment to this. I think we're the only intergovernmental body that has a formal corporate policy on it and in a number of our programs, the Virtual University for Small States, the Commonwealth, we've got an open schooling project with five African, one Caribbean countries doing a whole senior secondary curriculum. As OERs there's this TESA project which we're small players in which is reaching hundreds of thousands of African teachers. That one in a way shows that this can work but I think the jury is still out to some extent but as you say, I mean I think in Asia probably the first use will be for institutions to get hold of better materials or incorporate better materials than they might develop themselves. I suspect we're some way from students putting together their own a la carte curriculum by grabbing OERs off the web. I mean I suspect that's true everywhere but probably particularly in Asia where that's not yet an idea that's very widespread I don't think. I think agencies like the MQA, the other washed docks of the ministries of other education or higher education have all consumer interests in mind when they regulate. They also inhibit innovations that the institutions can bring about and in that sense educational systems are probably a greater inhibitor of innovations in terms of teaching and learning and self-learning than one would wish them to be. You've looked at the sort of state of play of open educational resources in Asia a bit What did you learn from that? We're still beginning to analyze the data and from what little we have found so far there are maybe about four if not five different dimensions that requires perhaps even further drilling. The awareness and knowledge of open educational resources and their usability certainly is not widespread even at the level of institutional heads and I'm thinking specifically of institutional heads of institutions like Vavasan Open University and other open universities. They are not aware of what the resources are, how they can be put together to make a meaningful cohesive cause of studies leading to programs so awareness in terms of that is lacking, awareness in terms of the conventions governing intellectual property rights is also missing in a very big way so that's the first difficulty. The second difficulty is infrastructure we are looking at the IT infrastructure. While close to about 1.5 or even nearer to 2 billion Asians have access to the internet access doesn't necessarily mean widespread penetration that's being very much an urban phenomenon. A couple to that is the size of the pipes. The pipes that are available in terms of speed and volume or whatever is also limiting so we are not able as a consumer of resources to be able to sit in front of a computer and say I can get this in a snap, you have to wait hours, that's discouraging. While internet access is there we are also a little uncertain as to how e-ready many of our nations are. Other than the high income countries like Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan as well as Singapore the middle income and low income countries their e-readiness status and rank seems to be somewhat poor. They are in the lower half of 100 countries and the upper half of the 100 while the five nations that I spoke of they are some in the top 10 so there is this disparity. So in the lower income countries OERs are much more a sort of specialist thing for teachers who have the bandwidth rather than for the general fund. Even there there is a lack of capacity in terms of e-learning itself so teachers can have access to it but if they are going to be using it for example if I were to download a YouTube video and incorporate it into my lesson or whatever the capacity of a learner to learn through that medium so there are some some some gaps you have infrastructure problems we also have policy issues no institution in Asia other than maybe some in South Korea have yet a policy declaration I should compliment the commonwealth of learning by the way for coming out with its policy statement on open educational resources talking about institutions in Asia none of them that's a few in South Korea have institutional policies governing an approach to OER and that's further exacerbated by a lack of policies at a governmental level so many of these countries have signed up to the Creative Commons convention so you put all of them together and then you see what are the practices there are attitudinal difficulties in terms of you know if I were to use I just give a couple of examples if I were to use open educational resources and incorporate into my lesson will my colleagues respect me on the other hand if we have good textbooks in just like a conventional system where teachers would find that they could actually strip and assemble such textbooks I may be under the CC by license as they could then you are getting a taking another step in in in unbundling certainly the the rigidity of a published textbook and putting in place both the open textbook as well as additional resources it's going to an evolutionary process gradually and it's not just the developing world I mean California is a peculiar place because it's meant to be very rich but in fact it's on its backside in terms of government finances but Swachnega one of his big things was you know open textbooks and I saw some figures somewhere that by using OER based textbooks the state of California was going to save three hundred and fifty million dollars every year on the cost of sex was or the people of California were which is not insignificant but I do take your point about the difficulty with teachers because we've been running this project called open educational resources for open schools with Seychelles, Lesotho, Botswana, Zambia, Namibia and Trinidad and Tobago now and it's been difficult not through any lack of willingness but the teachers had to do this on overload which is so often the case when they're asked to do new things and as you can imagine the connectivity in Zambia is not the greatest however because of the extreme toughness of my colleague Francis Ferreira who operates I think we've got there we've got pretty well the whole thing now available both in print and in e-learning mode some of which has also got some quite nice multimedia with it so it shows it can be done and of course we're very keen that the developing countries be generators of OERs and not just consumers and that some of their OERs go go around the rest of the world. That will be ideal in that sense I am rather thrilled by the efforts of the African Virtual University they are putting together and putting out there a slew of teacher training materials under an OER banner with full CC by licensing and then I think the AVU has had its share of difficulties but if they get this act right their value given their their their access to most of sub-Saharan Africa and the many languages that they use would make a lot of difference certainly in Africa and I've seen some of their materials it's very helpful materials very similar to the Commonwealth of Learning stamp materials. That can be made available to which is now got a new lease of life under the under the because that started in your time now it now has a new lease of life under this. So OER is a new bus yes it's a new terminology but some of us have been doing this without calling it an orphan education. No that's right exactly I mean the the African Virtual University is a wonderful example of people snatching victory from the jaws of defeat because you know it was set up on a crazy Western World Bank model and was almost about to go under and then this rather good new leader sort of had the sense to take in a good direction and you know we're the other area we're using is in you started in your time the Virtual University for small states which 10 years later is now beginning to get traction and 32 small countries are sharing stuff and adapting it and it's all quite promising but you know it's still I think we're not there yet worldwide but what you've said is is very encouraging. Is there is a lesson there I think I mean if you take the story of the Virtual University it would have been easy for the Commonwealth of Learning to give it up but it sustained its energy and its interest and that's really the value of the Commonwealth of Learning. Yeah I learnt both at UNESCO and at Col that you've got to take the long view in development because often just at the moment you're thinking of cutting something because it's not showing much progress is actually the moment when it's taking off and I've been very lucky in having some very good sort of thinkers on that. So I think that I hope that it's been a useful exchange for the wider world about this trend which we both think has promise but will need a lot of work of open educational resources. Absolutely right John you know from a flunky retiree to one someone who might be retired and might join the club as another flunky yes it's a nice way to finish this conversation. Well thank you very much.  So we hope you found that a useful discussion on open educational resources. Watch this space because you're certainly going to find open educational resources at a theatre near you and I hope they will be useful in your own work in education whatever and wherever it is. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to KubeCon. Today we're going to talk about NaturallyV2 supply chain security for containers. I'm Justin Cormack. I'm the CTR at Docker. I'm a maintainer on Notary and a member of the CNCF Technical Oversight Committee. I work a lot with security and I've been working on supply chain stuff for quite some time. And this is Steve. Hi, I'm Steve Lasker. I'm a PM architect in Azure work on container registries, including ACR and MCR. And as part of that, you know, with registries, we're sitting at the middle of all of the services in Azure that use containers from production services, the DevTools. So we see quite a lot of different scenarios. We talked to a lot of customers around the various scenarios. And of course, one of them has been around how do I sign my content so that as I consume upstream content from the community and bring it into my environment, how do I know it's that and how do I promote it within my environment, you know, it still has the same integrity. So notary has been a key focus for us. And it kind of builds on the stuff we did with OCI artifacts. I'm a TOB member for OCI and a maintainer for OCI artifacts, which is how we leverage registries to store all kinds of content. And we'd like to be able to sign all kinds of content so that there's integrity around it. So with that. So why are we doing this? So until last year, really, when you... I used to have a much longer piece in here about why supply chain security, but SolarWinds last year really kind of helped people understand what was going on, that someone could attack your supplier and insert malicious code into their software, you would bring it on-prem and it would start attacking you. This is kind of not what you want to happen. And it's really brought this into the sort of public view. And it's like something that people are much more aware of now. And the SolarWinds one was interesting because it was this attack. Well, where the attack happened was interesting. They had to figure that out. It wasn't based on containers, it was an old different technology, but the binaries were signed. So they were able to realize that this wasn't some kind of production deployment environment hack. It actually came from the build system. And having that signed content that was deployed gave them the forensics to be able to go back and figure out where the breach happened. And that's something we need to be able to bring to containers as well so that we can know that when things go into containers that we can attest to their flow. So it was just interesting how that breach affected so many different areas. One of the things about cloud native software is that it's you know, modern software in general, everything is controlled by software. So if someone controls your software, they control everything that's running in production and they really own everything. And often if people want to attack, then sometimes the supply chain build servers and things are the weakest link. And you know, people have hardened their production environments, but they haven't hardened build. So let's attack build. So it really is a, you know, something that's been growing in importance. We're just recording this a bit ahead of time, but I think the CNCF security software supply chain best practices white paper should be out for KubeCon. It's a really great bit of work if you want to have more background on supply chain. So take a look at that. And container security, I think it's, it's kind of interesting because for a long time with containers, people just talk about things like, you know, can I escape from a container like treating it like, like those boxes, can I get out of a box? That's not really what's important about containers and shipping. The box is really just about standardization. The important thing is the whole process by which you know what's on your container, you get the bill of lading, you can trust that when it arrives, you can put it straight into your supply chain, your factory, you've got the metadata with it about what it is. And you can, you know, as long as you're, as long as you don't get stuck in the sewage canal for a few weeks, you're pretty much sure that you can order things remotely and get them and incorporate them into your products. And then later when, you know, when you have a product, if you have a problem with it, you can trace back which components went into it from which containers they were in when they were being shipped and which where they were at the factory. And we're trying to bring that kind of approach to containers. It was always something that was promised, but it's actually something that hasn't really been delivered for everyone in their day to day work yet. The interesting thing about this also is, you know, you've got the containers on the left and then you have this, you know, bill lading or bill of materials, if you will, that says what's in it. And like, okay, Justin could have made this himself on some, you know, document. But there is a stamp on it. And the stamp has, you know, an authenticity to it that says this bill lading was approved. The bill lading represents what's in the container. And there's a level of trust associated with that. And that's what we're trying to bring with containers. There's a there's a lock on the container that says it wasn't tampered with. There's a document that says what's in the container, the bill of materials. And there's a lock on the document, the stamp that says this, this is accurate. That's a really good accurate representation of what we're trying to accomplish here with the container workflow. Best thing to move forward. So what are we working on? So Nature Review One was created back in the 2015 and seems a long time ago in container land. All containers were pretty new based on the update framework, which is a CNCF project. And it's been a CNCF project since 2017. So it's, you know, one of the, one of the earlier projects is supported by some registries such as Docker and Azure and IBM and Harbor, but not everywhere. So users can't rely on it always being in the registry, which is kind of frustrating. It's got some users, but it never really was a widespread thing that, you know, the majority of people would actually use on a day-to-day basis. We learned a huge amount from the rollout, how people used it, what they tried to do and all those things, which is really feeding into a lot of the design for v2. And some areas we really want to fix. You know, these are some of them, but they're probably the most important ones. First of all, the signature is not being native to registries and compatible with all registries is a real problem. It was a separate database and there were portability issues about moving the signatures around. It wasn't just, it didn't have the APIs, but things were actually tied to the names of the locations. Nowadays people use a lot of registries.  You might have a private registry on Azure. You might have JFrog on-prem, you know, all sorts of combinations of registries and for different purposes and different stages of the life cycle. So that's really important now. It wasn't so important back in 2015 to be, I mean, where, you know... It was one registry? It was one, yeah, Docker Hub. That was it. We don't need any more registries. But part of this is that we continue to hear from customers that, you know, it's not just dependent on a single source of failure that's out on the unit that has nothing to do with Docker Hub. It's the network connections. But it's also the update cycle. Right? We want to be able to consume public content, whether it be containers or package managers or other things, but we want to bring them into your, you know, into our environment, into the environment that that customer represents and says, this is the environment that I trust. There's a security boundary on it and nothing's randomly getting changed on me, even for good or bad intentions. But how do you promote that workflow? How do you take the content from upstream, bring it into your environment, promote it across your own environment, and know that that content was never tampered with? Yeah, absolutely. Other issues were a lot of keys to manage. A separate key... Well, a separate set of keys for each repository, which when you were managing repositories at scale was really difficult to manage. And debugging issues was complicated. The introspection tooling wasn't that great. Security engineers assume that when something fails, verifying a signature, that that's probably a hostile attack that they've just thwarted. Yay! But actually... That's what they can do. They're ready to engage. Yeah, but unfortunately, sometimes it's like users using the wrong key, users, cert has expired, like all sorts of other reasons that I actually need better debugging tooling. But it's more than debugging to it, right? Also, it's just that balance of how complex does something have to be to solve a problem? Because the more complex it is, the more places for things to fail, the more difficult it is to use. And if it's difficult to use and complex, which's got more failures, it's not going to get as much adoption. Also, I think it's important that people understand what's going on. And I think that's debuggability to me. It means that the mental model of what's going on fits with the reality of what's really going on behind the scenes. And I think there was a few issues around that as well. And then there was issues around registries. The tough model was designed around packaged repos, where you only have the current content in it, whereas registries have everything in it, and that didn't fit so well with the update model and the update framework. And there was just kind of a bit of a mismatch where the security models weren't quite right. And we needed to kind of tidy that up a bit. We also got a whole bunch of new requirements. One of the first things people start asking about is really being able to add more signatures later on. So people often have this workflow. They want to do where they want to mark the state of approval of something by signing it. And so when this is approved for production, we want to put a signature, and then we just want to check that signature for prod. But that wasn't terribly easy to do. It wasn't the kind of security model it was designed for with V1. And then there's this really important thing about adding additional mess data. So you want to add that bill of materials. You want to add other things, scan reports on the image, and things like that, that you want to add after build. And you want to sign the addition of that so that people can validate that. You can attest that the SBOM goes with the image. And so that's really been something that's become particularly important in the last year or so as the SBOM standards get approved. And people understand what the value of being able to add extra metadata afterwards is. It's not just SBOMs. And then it's not just about containers. As Steve mentioned before, people are putting lots of things. It's time to put lots of things into registries. And these have different requirements as well in different formats. We're really trying to do incremental improvements. Right now, hardly anyone uses container image signing at all. And so we really want to make it easy to use it at scale. It's a community project with very broad involvement from registries and end users and cloud providers, all sorts of people, which is great. So we're getting lots of different requirements, but we're picking the things that we can ship earlier that help people right now. And laying a foundation for people to be able to experiment and build more stuff later on. We want to get the base infrastructure out there, standard centralization and OCI as well in terms of how do we put this stuff in the registry, formats, extensibility. And then we want to have tooling, which we're going to demo to shortly as our prototype tooling and tools for policy management and wide availability and interop. But we want to let, we'll start with flexible base tools and build up. People want to do, people have specialized requirements and want to build specialized tools. That's great as well. It's the libraries. It's not just the tools. The tools will be backed by libraries and specs so that you can use these libraries in other scenarios that we hadn't thought of. We're not trying to, containers are used in so many different places. We don't, we'll talk about open policy agent as a Kubernetes solution, but we want to make sure that you can do wherever you're running containers, like with container D libraries and so forth. Absolutely. Yes. So the first stage work in progress design is being finalized by the time you hear this talk, it might be finalized, hopefully. So we'll be able to give you more notes in the live chat during while you're watching this. Kind of scope it as kind of equivalent to get commit signing for containers. So it's like individual one-off signatures, not the kind of tough update, sign a sequence of containers type thing for now. Just point-in-time signatures. There's going to be X509 support because lots of people have, some people have X509 infrastructure and people want to use that. Not everyone has infrastructure now, so we'll have some easy tooling. Anyway, there's lots of requirements we've got around having key management. For example, if you want to use a cloud, a cloud service to manage your keys, or a vault or something like that, or you want to use hardware keys, like the UBK I've got right here, those kinds of things. So we've got a lot of people who want to use remote key management and things like that. If necessary, if you want to add some support, but we're going to have a lot more. I just want to make it more flexible, like the whole idea is don't lock you in. If you've got a way for managing your keys, you should be able to use that. That's the main point. Yeah, and then as we said before, like IPER and container D libraries and all the kind of tooling, we need to build this into tools like Docker and so on. So the plan is to ship a usable turning solution in the second half of 2021, and support widespread usage, then go ahead and iterate on that, work out what's working, what else people need, improvements we can make, all the things that people need to make it easy to use and widespread. While we're also establishing a working group on specifically on pipeline security for software factories, which is an area where the guarantees from Toughen and Toto who make a lot of sense are actually guaranteeing that something went through a pipeline stages and this software is one piece of a flow of updates of software that you can feed into your production systems. So that's intended to be signed in NCI probably with ephemeral keys using spiffy things like that. So that's a working group that we're going to have going also for future work. I'm going to do a demo of where things are now. So this is really a demonstration of signing artifacts and s-bombs and how things will work. It's not like picture perfect, but it's like directionally what we're looking at. Basically, we have container images that were stored in registries and the interesting thing is about how that is stored because that turns out to be very generally useful for a number of different things that we've been able to put in registries. Up until today or up until artifacts were created, the OC artifacts project, people were stuffing all kinds of things in, but making them look like container images like the old way we used to change the extension on the file when we try to attach it to an email. So what we're going to be able to do is support adding no reV2 signatures into a registry that would be stored as a blob in that artifact, which looks like an image, but it knows it's a signature. The new thing that we're adding is the ability to add a reference from that signature to the image, and the directionality there is pretty important. If you notice the image points down to the layers and the signature points to its blob that contains a signature, but it also has this reverse lookup reference that says, hey, by the way, this signature is associated with that image. So that reference concept is really important because it allows us to add multiple signatures, or in this case, if we wanted to add a Bill of Materials document, then it also is just another document. We're a call about an S-bomb here, but if you want to add yet another artifact type, yeah, you can do that as well. Store it as an artifact in a registry, give it the reference to what it associates with, and now you're starting to build this graph. And just like we saw with the Bill of Lating of the ship, the Bill of Materials here, we have a signature on it to make sure it's attested to. So if you look, there's this interesting graph of artifacts of which one of those things, artifacts types, is a signature. And that's the fundamental concept that we've been working on. So with that, let me see, I'll do a little screen share switch. And so what we've done is, for the purpose of this experience, we've added a plugin for Docker. And if you notice there's BuildX, for instance, as a plugin, there's NV2 that we've also put as a plugin as well. So just to make things a little easier to not have to type Docker NV2 every time, I'm just going to create an alias. And I'm also going to just create an environment variable for my artifact name, the net monitor view on image, I'll just create as an alias. Now, the first thing we'll do is just kind of do a Docker build. So I'm going to build, and I'll tag it that fully qualified name. And, you know, while I now have an image, the net monitor image here. Now, we want to be able to support ephemeral clients that are booted up in each time they're being run, they're always around a refresh state. But we also want to be able to support signing before it ever leaves that environment. So what I'm going to do is enable Notary. And again, these are just temporary names, naming is hard. This is just what we've done for now. And now I'm going to say Docker, Docker Notary sign. And what we're doing is signing it with a key and a cert. And I'm just saying, here's the image that I want to sign. So we generated a manifest, we signed it, and the signature itself was saved locally so that we can push it later. But the idea is now I've got an artifact that signed locally. So now I can say Docker push. And because we have this plugin that we've extended for Docker, which represents the experience we're shooting for, it'll change. But an example that what we've done is we've pushed the image and the signature. And there's a link between the signature and the image. So now I've actually already pushed that graph into the registry. So we talked about a set of libraries that we're adding. Let me just paste that book clearly. One of the libraries we've been using around artifacts is something called OREZ, OCI Registry S Storage. It's something a couple of some of the folks put together to enable this experience. And we've added a Discover API that says, let me discover the things that are associated with that image. And we'll just output through jQuery to get a better view of it. So what you're seeing is here's the image. And we've got a collection of references. And if we look, here is the manifest of that, that there is a, there's one reference in here. In this case, it is an artifact type of cncfnuderyv2. There is the signature in a Blob's collection. And the manifest collection points back to the digest of that image. So that kind of gives you a pretty powerful experience that I can now push these two things into the registry. Now, that's great. We've got the image, we've got the signature in the registry. If I want to get rid of actually, I want to spell images, right? So we've got that here. If I want to we'll just kind of cheat. And of course, it'll, so now if I do it, minus a minus q, minus a minus a, you talk to, what's that?  So I don't have anything, I got nothing on my sleeves, right? We only have the registry running is the point here. So now I want to simulate another client. So I'll say Docker pull, pull that image. And what's happening here is it's saying that, oh wait, I've got my signature already set up. Sorry, hold on a second. See, this is the demo failure. Let me, it's one thing jumped ahead. So let me reset that because, so if I say Docker image poll, if I do not have my client configured, which is what I want, is it found a signature, but there is no keys on my machine. So it basically says, I found this image, but you have no keys that match it. So I'm not going to allow that image to be pulled. What I want to be able to do is configure which keys I want to be seen. So I want to be used. So give me a second here. If I cat the output of our configuration for the NV2 client configuration, there's no certificates referenced. That's why it didn't work. If I go and change that and put a certificate in the path for it to find, now when I say Docker pull, because I've got that signature, it'll say I'm going to pull and the pull has got an extension to it. So the pull will first pull the manifest, find any references, and it'll go iterate through the references, look for signatures, specific signature types, and then match those with the key. All of that's happened before the image was ever even pulled. So there's no Trojan horse style attack. It was able to verify that one of those signatures matches one of the keys I have locally, and then it proceeds with the image pull. So if I look at my image cache locally, now I've got the net monitor image here because I have the certificate, but wait, there's more. So we said we wanted to be able to talk about S-bombs. So we're going to go create the world's most simplest S-bomb. And if we look at it here, we'll see. It's got some version, which is none. It references an image and it says it's good. So it must be good. It's not great. It's not awful. It's just good. Clearly, this is not the kind of S-bomb we want to shift in production. The idea is there could be anything, any files, could be pictures of cats and dogs, whatever. There's some document that gives some information around that image. And I want to be able to push that to a registry as an artifact that is linked to the image. So I'm going to push this S-bomb JSON document, the thing we just created. I'm going to push it to this repo. Notice there's no tag. We don't see linked artifacts as needing tags because they really have no value unto themselves. They're in addition to the original image, original artifact. So if the net monitor image is deleted, we want the S-bomb, the signatures and everything to delete with it, just like when we copy it, we want them to go with it. So we're going to push this file to this repo. We'll say it's an artifact type of example S-bomb v0. So clearly nothing. It's referencing an artifact reference to the net monitor image. We referenced it as a tag, but it will convert it to a digest. We don't link to tags. We link to digests. And we're going to save that manifest because we're going to assign that in the next step. So that's simple. We've created that, taken that S-bomb and pushed it to the registry. And we can see that by simply using our or as discovery API again. So we're going to discover the anything that's referenced to the net monitor v1 image. And if we look, we see here's the net monitor v1 image. And we notice here's our artifact type of an S-bomb v1, v0, sorry. And there's our S-bomb content is stored in this tar file. And then the manifested points to it's pointing at our container image. So that's that reverse lookup reference back to the container image. And notice we also have an artifact type of another v2 signature. So those things are both linked to the artifact, to the image at that point, because notice the signature also points back to that same image. All right. So we got the S-bomb, but I don't have that stamp on it. So let's put the stamp on that S-bomb. And that's unfortunate. Hold on. So I need that digest. So let me grab that digest. We haven't quite finished all the linking experiences. So the first thing I need to do here is save that digest for the signature. And now when I say NV2 sign or NV2 is our binary, but there's libraries that back it up, you can use. I'm going to use that X509 cert of the Rabbit Networks key. And I'm going to reference the thing I'm signing, which is this S-bomb document. I want to sign it and push it associated with the S-bomb in this case, not the image, but the S-bomb. So now if I do that discover one more time, I'll now see there's yet another. So I have our notary v2 signature for the actual image. I have another notary v2 signature for the S-bomb. And then here's my S-bomb. Then I have the S-bomb itself. So I now have that graph of objects that I put in the registry. They're linked to each other through references so that when I do deletes, I want all that content to go with it. And when I want to do a copy, we can also copy that content across as a whole as well. So that whole graph can travel as one. And that's really what we're trying to achieve, being able to sign things that are in a registry and being able to establish that chain of references. So you can put lots of things in the registry that reference, whether it be home charts or get up, read jobs, kind of documents or something we haven't even thought of, because that's the main thing. We're trying to enable an ecosystem to grow without us having to know about each and every type. So that's it. So how to get involved? This is our places to find us. The easiest sort of central thing is the CNCF Slack notary v2. Meetings are on the CNCF calendar. Projects on GitHub. Meeting notes. It's all very, everything's open and available. They have recordings on YouTube. So please come along and get involved. Come and talk to us if you're interested. And we'll be in the chat with more to tell you about what's going on right now, rather than a few weeks ago, because everything's moving pretty fast right now. So thanks very much. Thank you.