A fiery horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty hyosilver, the Lone Ranger. Before this exciting adventure, a word from our sponsor. General Mills, makers of Cheerios, the ready-to-eat oat cereal that gives you go-power, and Wheaties, the breakfast of champions, present by special recording, The Lone Ranger. All over the country, there's everything that comes to mind, all your fault, you're doing it in the question, and here's one of the half-happiest people I've ever seen. People are eating, and they're doing okay. Oh, okay. Hello. This is the Lone Ranger speaking. You know Americans have the reputation of being always on the go. You can see how we got that reputation when you think back on the exploits of men like Daniel Boone, Lewis and Clark, David Crockett, and many others. They had to cross the rivers, climb the mountains, break the trails from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Today, Americans are still full of energy, and the important thing to remember is that we are a wheat-eating nation. We eat more energy-giving wheat by far than any other grain. It's one big reason why we are still on the move exploring new frontiers. With his faithful Indian companion, Toto, the daring and resourceful mask writer of the plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse, Silver. The Lone Ranger rides again. Come on, Silver. Let's go because I am Silver! Clarabelle Hornblow, who owned an extensive cattle ranch, was one of the Lone Ranger's most loyal friends. Thunder Martin, who worked for Clarabelle, was equally loyal. Activities on the ranch made it impossible for either Clarabelle or Thunder Martin to take part in the affairs of the nearest town. Despite this, the town's most important citizens were discussing Thunder Martin at a meeting in the home of Judge Joshua Knight. Now, Judge Knight, let's get this straight. Are you serious in suggesting that we appoint Thunder Martin to take your place as judge? Doctor, I have never in my life been more serious. I don't believe it, Judge Knight. Thunder Martin is the roughest, toughest ombre in this part of the country. Thunder Martin may be a good muse, King. Now, one moment, Doctor. It isn't generally known that Thunder Martin studied law in the east. Before he came to this part of the country. Moreover, he is absolutely honest and fair. He cannot be influenced by bribes or threats. Well... Well, I am willing to give Thunder a chance on Judge Knight's say so. Gentlemen, you have the authority not only to appoint a judge, but to toss one out. Give Martin a chance. If he lets us down, we can always replace him. That sounds fair enough. How do you feel, Doctor? Well, I'm fine. All right, good. Then it's agreed. Bravo, the faithful Indian companion of the Lone Ranger, rode all night to deliver the surprising news to the Lone Ranger. It was morning when he reached the camp. What's going on, fella? Easy, fella. Kim, I thought it... We got pretty big news. Oh, what is it, Bravo? Last night, men from town called on Thunder Martin and asked him to be judge. Well, how did Thunder take the news? Well, him plenty surprised. For a long time, him not speak. He watched close and he teared in his eye. Oh, what did Bravo say? Her plenty surprised, too. And plenty surprised when Thunder say, he must tell a law in East. Not many people knew about that. Is Thunder going to take the job? Yeah, him take it. Yes? How many in town know Thunder lawyer one time? When I learned that Judge Knight planned to retire, as soon as he could find a satisfactory man to take his place, I wrote a letter. Oh, you write letters to Judge Knight? Yes. I wrote to Judge Knight and suggested that he investigate the early days of Thunder Martin and consider him for the new judge. I'd like to see Thunder back where he ought to be. Here's to this. Oh, so is it Padre now? No, Tato. View of Thunder's appointment will change our plans. I want to congratulate him. He arrived at Claribel Hornblow's ranch, huh? That evening found Thunder Martin still in town accompanied by the retiring Judge Knight on the sheriff. The news of his acceptance of the post had spread through the town like wildfire and reached many of the surrounding ranches. On one of the ranches, Dan Reed sat in the living room with Claribel Hornblow. Miss Hornblow, on the way here, I heard something about a man named Blinky Ryan. That's no Count Horst Thief! I thought Ryan was a bad outlaw. Isn't he supposed to be a male robber and a murderer? Yes, yes, only that's not why he's in jail. Oh? See, he and a couple of his friends came into town a week ago and started to fight in the cafe. The sheriff caught Blinky, but his pals got away. He's in the caliber for disturbing the peace. Is that all? Yep, at worst, you'll get about 30 days in jail.  Well, yeah, and even that's better than nothing. Ryan has always bragged that no jail would ever get him. I'd have heard his try to spend some time in the pokey and Thunder's just some man to send him there. I'd kind of like to be at that trial, Dan. Tell you, let's go. Fine, I'd like to. Thunder knows more law than most people suspected. He's just a chance to find some way to put Ryan in jail for a longer stretch. That's why we're here. Who are you? Who are you? Let me get my gun out, show these crawling sneak thieves. Hey, what are you doing? It goes for you too, boy. Keepin' covered, Connie, I'll rope him.  That's right, and if you know me, you know I'll shoot. This one blows easy. I know these two. They're killers. They're pals of Blinky Ryan. What's your woman, Connie? I'll toss her over on the boy. Let it go! What's the idea comin' in here like this? We aim to get Blinky out of jail, that's all. We don't want to hurt anyone unless it's necessary. And hold your wrists together. Thunder will find out about this when he's out. See, he's to sit on Blinky Ryan's trial tomorrow morning. If he knows your life's in danger, he'll think twice before he puts Blinky in jail. Yeah, that'll hold you. You got the note, Connie? Yeah, right here. We shortened to the point. We didn't say anything in that note about the boy. I'll write somethin' in. And we'll leave it on the table under the lamp with Thunder Martin will see it when he comes home. He was tied in front. Not long after Clarabel and Dan Reed had been taken away by Blinky Ryan's friend, Thunder Martin returned to the ranch. He was eager to tell his old friend Clarabel and Dan Reed about his new position. Clarabel! Hey, Clarabel! Clarabel! Bad rat, it can't you hear me? Ah, dawg, on it now. Where's that woman gone? It's a dance! Dan Reed, are you here? Put it to your paper. Thunder read the message from Blinky Ryan's pals and let out a bellow of Reed. Why, that's speakin' coyotes of all the low town ornaries. I think they can shove me around by Captain Clarabel and Dan. Thunder! What the...? What's the matter with you? You hear you yelling as we came to the gate? You. Ah, great day. I'm glad to see ya. And that goes for you too, Tano. What's wrong, Thunder? There's plenty of wrong. And it's all here in this note. I've been made judge. I'm gonna try a crook named Blinky Ryan first thing in the morning. Oh, so I heard. What about it? Well, I came here from town a few minutes ago and found this note propped up beneath a lamp. Blinky's pals have captured Clarabel and Dan Reed. Dan Reed? Let me see that note. It had never been a matter of my life. Ah, quiet, Thunder. Give me a chance to read the note. Oh, God, low down. Hey, listen to this, Tato. Only one man in town can save Clarabel Hornblow's life. His name is Blinky Ryan. He rides out of town a free man. Miss Hornblow rides in. If Blinky goes to jail, you can guess what will happen. What goes for Miss Hornblow goes also for the boy named Dan. My sender of jail, Clarabel and Dan will be killed by his pals. And I got a sender on to jail. I just got it. We'll continue our lone ranger adventure in just a moment. Sheriff Sam is a boy of ten. He busts right in the robbers den and gets his man because he knows. He's got gold power from Cheerios. Yes, he's got gold power. There he goes. He's feeling his Cheerios. Cheerios. Cheerios. Cheerios. That's Cheerios. The cereal shaped like little letter O's. And those O's stand for Oats. The good grain Cheerios is made from. Every delicious spoonful of Cheerios and milk is real muscle building food. Each spoonful contains vitamins, minerals and proteins your body needs. Yes, those good things in a Cheerios breakfast do good things for your body. Help you have healthy nerves, strong bones and muscles. You can see that Cheerios is made to give you real gold power. So make sure you have a Cheerios breakfast every day. Then you'll hear people say... He's feeling his Cheerios. Now to continue. The lone ranger and tato arrived at Clarabel Hornblows Ranch House just after Thunder Martin found a note advising that Clarabel and Dan Reed had been abducted. What am I going to do if I put Ryan in jail?  Maybe crooks leave cracks outside. Well, I'm going to come up for it. Hold it, Thunder. Leave that to Tato and me. We'll try to locate those crooks. But what if Clarabel and Dan are still gone when I open court in the morning? What'll I do? I can't turn a crook like Ryan free. The laws waited too long to get him. Do whatever you think best. But remember, Thunder, as a judge in court you represent the government. Anything that hurts you personally should not influence your decisions. Come on, Tato. We'll look for tracks. There was enough moonlight to make it possible for the lone ranger and tato to pick out and follow the familiar tracks of Dan's horse Victor, whose shoes had an identifying mark. But presently, the ground became hard and made the mask man's task more difficult. Meanwhile, Thunder Martin couldn't sit still in Clarabel's house. He returned to town and told a number of friends what had happened. Then he reported to the sheriff who had once began to organize a posse. Later, the newly chosen judge called on Judge Knight. Jim Gordon and the doctor were there. Thunder argued for some time. I'll see you here, Judge Knight. I'm in a spot where I just can't rule on Ryan. There's no reason in the world why you can't hold court one more day. No, no, one moment, Thunder. Let me tell you something. At this time, everyone in town knows about the capture of Miss Hornblown that young friend of yours, Dan Reed. Because of that, the trial of Blinky Ryan is likely to become the most important trial in your career. It's a test for you. This nation will grow strong and great as long as we have the right laws and impartial enforcement of those laws. But on the day that men in public office let personal prejudice interfere with the conduct of their duty, that day will mark the beginning of an end to the kind of country that was founded by the framers of our Constitution. Dad, why did I can't let Parabella Dan Reed die? Then go to court. Turn Ryan loose and save their lives. Where are you going, Thunder? I'm going home. I'm going to read the book of law that Judge Knight let me borrow. Then I'm going to do some thinking. Bring Jiren Tonto at 12 of the trail for several hours while the moon sank lower in the sky. And then the moon went down and the night was dark. So, use Tonto. I can hardly see my hand before my face. Hold on. I hope we might get back to town before court opens. What's the matter, Silver? Hold on, boy. Where are you going? You've never acted like this. No, he must have. He matched that way one time before. He did? You remember some year ago when we near Green Valley, Silver acts same way and then go to Valley. Yes, that's right, Tonto. I remember. That was the time he ran away from us and returned to his first home the time he found his son. Ah, and now Victor gone again. Maybe Silver know where and try to follow Victor. Tonto, that might be it.  So, on Silver, find Victor.  Take us to Victor. Without guidance, the great white stallion moved through the night. Pause. Uttered a shrill whinny, then cocked his ears and listened. When there was no response, he moved ahead. He seemed to forget the man in the saddle and traveled with unharnessed freedom in the childhood days and the hills. As the first faint light of dawn broke over the eastern sky, the shrill whinny of Dan's horse Victor roused lung from his flute. Hey, I hear hoof beats. Another horse is heading this way. Get your gun out. If anyone stumbles on or hide out, we'll have to do some shooting here. Miss Hornblow, we don't want to hurt you or the boy, but if a rescue party comes this way, we'll let you testify again. There's this little chance of a rescue party finding us in this hideout. Hey, Carney, look, there's the horse. Yeah, he's coming this way. I don't see anyone in the saddle. Well, there is. Somehow that horse has lost its rider. It was a joyous reunion when Silver and Victor met. They whinnied and nuzzled each other for some time while London Carney watched with amusement. The long ranger and tonto who had dismounted mounted and left scouting the consumer the trees had ample time to creep close to the hideout. Meanwhile, Dan and Clarabel tried to keep their new hope from showing in their eyes. Look at those horses. You seem to be old friends. I wonder what happened to the rider as a big one. I'll tell you what. You're both covered. Come on, cuddles. Here it is. Right. You want some more? Get up and take it. Oh, my God. You take it. Let me be. Thank goodness you found it. When I saw Silver without a rider, I thought... We heard Victor, Dan. We knew we were close to you, but we dismounted left scout concealed and watched Silver come to this hideout. Then we followed. We've got to get to town and start back as soon as we've roped these crooks. Everyone in town knew about the capture of Clarabel and Dan Reid. A great crowd assembled in the courthouse to learn how Thunder Martin would handle the case of Blinky Ryan. The evidence against the prisoner was presented and the defense was heard. And then there was a short intermission while the new judge went to a small anti-room. Thunder's in a bad spot. I wonder what he's doing in the office by himself. Chance is there. He's figuring to find Ryan not Gilly and then start running. If he finds Ryan not Gilly, he better start running. When Thunder returned to the courtroom, a beam of sunlight sliding through a window illuminated the flag beside the bench. Thunder Martin's face was pale and tense, and he seemed to have acquired a new dignity. He said, Harder, Harder in the court. The prisoner will rise and face the court. Blinky Ryan stepped in thought of Thunder Martin with a confident swagger and a sneer on his face. Thunder glanced at the flag, then eyed Blinky coldly. Ryan, you've heard the evidence against your own. I could find you guilty of disturbing the peace with a jail term up to six months. Six months, what? On top of that, there's a law against packing a gun, which you've been proved guilty of violating. Of all the... Why everyone packs a gun? It's the same. There's a law against it. And that law can be enforced. On top of that, you beat up three men before you were arrested. That's assault and battery. For that, a man can get two years. There's three counts against you, and if a judge rules that the sentences run consecutive, it makes six years for the assault and battery. I'm on trial for disturbing a peace. You can't bring up those other charges. Don't read the law to me, Ryan. Well, what do you figure I'm doing? So far, we got a total of eight years and six months against you. Eight years and six months?  That's Ryan, his contempt of court. For that, I'm adding six months more. That makes it nine years even. I say it's the sense of this court that you go to jail for nine years. You won't get away with this.  While you're in jail, I aim to get more evidence against you and your piles as well.  I'm making it my business to see that we get proof of some of your real crimes. And by some duration before I'm through, you will hang. You'll be sorry for this. You'll be sorry. You just wait till my piles here are this. I know what will happen to Clarebale Hornflow. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Clarebale. Your pals are locked in the jail, and we got them for abduction, and it won't take long to put all three of you on trial for charges where hangins are penalty. Judge, Judge, listen, Judge, give me a little chair. You better take him away. Come on, Ryan. You can join your pals. Come on now. Come on. Congratulations, Thunder. I'm proud of my selection for the new judge. Thanks, Judge Knight. Claribel, I want to hear all about your rescue, but first I want Thunder to tell me just one thing. Well, what's that, Judge Knight? You went into the private room for a few minutes before you rendered your decision. I'd like to know why. All right. Well, I'll tell you, Judge Knight, I went him and I thought of Claribel and Dan Reed. And I thought of what you told me about this flag and what my new job meant. And then I did something. I sort of tried to pray and I asked the good Lord to help me make the right decision. And I asked him to help the Lone Ranger. Here a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated is produced by Trenzel Campbell Muir Incorporated. The part of the Lone Ranger is played by Brace Beamer, your announcer, Fred Boyer.


Thank you, Mr. Chairperson. Good morning all. I'm representing MSF OCB Mumbai, the project on HIV, DRTB and Hep-C co-infected patients. Study is aptly titled as Too Little Too Late. Just to break down the alphabet jargon, starting with the drug-susceptible tuberculosis, which responds to all the treatment, standard treatment, easy to treat, six to nine months of treatment is required. We go further down the line, multidrug resistant tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin. Further down the line, pre-XDR tuberculosis, pre-extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis that is in addition to isoniazid and rifampicin, it is resistant to either a fluoroquinolone or an aminoglycoside, but not to both. And extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis, XDRTB, which is HR fluoroquinolone and one of the aminoglycosides to be resistant. Further down the line, we have unspecified drug-resistant tuberculosis patterns, which have no name as of now. People call them XXDR, TDR. So any patient can present as a drug-susceptible tuberculosis and can progress with failing each line. Or they can be primary MDR or primary XDR. There are multiple factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis. So the scenario, which as a part of a DRTB community, which we are facing right now, it's quite challenging. More and more difficult to treat drug-resistant patterns are emerging. It usually takes longer to treat. Use of toxic drugs are required and basically the clinical, there is no trial backing the clinical, there's no trial backing the evidence we have to treat the patient. There are fewer drugs to treat. Usually we have to reach the magic number of four or more, which we are finding it difficult. And when it comes to treating the cure rates with drug-resistant tuberculosis, the cure rates are slightly dismal. When it comes to MDR globally, the cure rate is 48%. And it drops down further to 38%. And HIV, DRTB go infected patients. With enough of complaining that the last decade has been exciting for us, we have several new diagnostic tools with rapid turnaround time after a gap of almost 100 years, if not more. Renewed interest, there is a renewed interest in TB research. Reanimation of age old forgotten tools, that is surgery and pulmonary tuberculosis. And after a gap of almost 40 to 50 years, since the last TB drug revamp, we have two new drugs. The new drugs are bedaculine and the laminate. They were given accelerated up clearance by WHO in 2012 and 2013, respectively, for conditional use and with monitoring and pharmacovigilance. Bedaculine is currently registered in nine after 27 countries, or the 27 high burden countries. In India, conditional access program has started. And the main problem with these drugs right now apart from access is the high cost. Bedaculine per course is priced at 900 US dollars and laminate is somewhere around projected to be 1700 US dollars. While enough time to rejoice, the sad part is only 2% of the patients who actually need the drug have access to it. Coming to our clinic, MSF Clinic in Mumbai, we provide free drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV treatment services since 2006. So far we have 1101 HIV and 253 TB DRTB beneficiaries. As you can see in the diagram, we are concentrating more and more on the severe patterns of drug resistant tuberculosis, mainly pre-XDR and XDR. We have had access to bedaculine through compassionate use program since 2013 till August 2015, when the compassionate use program was closed. We have access to laminate since June 2015. Prior to introduction of any of the drug, there was extensive counseling and consent required because of a black box warning of death and cardiotoxicity to these drugs. Also, we have to protect the drug from becoming resistance and spread of resistance to these drugs in the population. Also, these drugs were never introduced alone. It's a descriptive study from routinely recorded and collected medical data, retrospective cohort analysis of 12 patients registered for bedaculine and 14 patients for laminate from FEP 2013 to December 2015. Numbers might be small, but our patients on laminate constitute 10% of the global cohort of total laminate use so far outside clinical trials. So both these drugs are only issued for adults. We have had two HIV-coinfected patients in the bedaculine group and almost 75 to 80% of patients in both the groups were XDR tuberculosis. And most of the patients have had exposure to second line anti-tubic drugs. The main cause of concern here is there were two patients who were never exposed to second line anti-tubic drugs and they were highly unfortunately to get primary XDR tuberculosis. Coming to a concept called likely effective drug, which is we are literally defined as drugs either sensitive on a DST result or less than three months of exposure to the drug. So most of our patients, approximately 80% of our patients have two or less than two number of likely effective drugs working for them. 12 patients were registered on bedaculine, compassionate use. One died prior to initiation, 11 was started on treatment, one died after the bedaculine course was completed. Two patients in bedaculine arm have completed their 24 months and rest are doing well on treatment. In the laminate arm, 14 patients were enrolled. One died prior to initiation of the tuberculosis treatment. For one patient, it was extremely sad that we could not form an effective regimen and patient was denied. 12 patients were then started on treatment. Two died and the rest are doing well. Coming to major serious adverse events, there was one death in bedaculine as I told you before. It was after completion of the bedaculine course. Two patients had severe cardiotoxicity with each of the new drugs and there were two other severe adverse events noted in the laminate group. These were the same patients who had severe cardiotoxicity of QTC of more than 500 milliseconds on the ECG. There were three deaths reported, mainly these deaths were due to evolution of drug resistant tuberculosis and there was no direct relationship with the new drugs. When it comes to cardiotoxicity, there was no need for us to permanently discontinue the drug and this was despite of the fact that most of our patients were on other cardiotoxic drugs like moxifluxes and ankylophazamine. We have had promising outcomes. There was sustained culture conversion in 16 out of 18 cases. There is these new drugs are safe for ambulatory treatment with adequate monitoring including clinical lab and ECG monitoring. The limitations of this study, it was a small cohort but mind you it was one of the first ever documented cohort with a high proportion of two or less than two likely working drugs versus the magic number of four which is required for forming an effective regimen. What we have learned is most of our patients had prior exposure to second line drugs. For these patients at least two new drugs are required to establish an efficient treatment. Too few drugs are available and they are diagnosed too late. When it comes to the access to these drugs which is long, tedious and arduous patients died before initiating the treatment. Compassionate use program for delaminated is quite restrictive and stringent while due to the conditional access program that has started in India, the compassionate use program for bedakulin has been cut down in the entire country. To conclude, use of new TB drugs should be scaled up not to be preserved as a last chance of multiple failures. Two new drugs is not effective in DRTB management. We need urgent there is an urgent need for broader access to bedakulin and delaminated combination for patients with two or less than two likely working drugs. There is a need for larger trial data with new regimens not just adding new single molecules also these trials they had excluded the pediatric patients, pregnant females, lactating mothers and also we feel that there was a misrepresentation of HIV co-infected patients with drug resistant tuberculosis in the trial. Also remember that we had two patients who were primarily XDR. We need to tackle the ongoing transmission in the community which is the thing we are facing in Mumbai more and more nowadays. In the end, I would like to acknowledge the MSF team from Mumbai and Delhi and our patients who ended their difficult life journey with DRTB to have access to these new drugs. Thank you.


In this paper, we analyze the relationship between financial stability and asset price bubbles. What distinguishes our paper from existing research is that we are taking the analysis to a microeconomic level, looking at individual banks rather than macroeconomic aggregates. We know from the literature that some financial bubbles lead to severe financial crises, but others don't. And we want to better understand where this comes from. And so in the end, our research question is, what is the relationship between asset price bubbles and systemic risk when looking at the bank and video level? We are facing two challenges. We first have to identify financial bubbles and then we have to measure systemic risk at the bank level. In order to identify financial bubbles, we are using the BSADF test, which is a very powerful test in order to detect financial bubbles by looking for explosive behavior in the price series. When measuring systemic risk, we are using the DeltaCova, the Delta Conditional Value at Risk, and it measures the contribution of individual banks to the system's systemic risk. In the next step, we are then relating our measure of systemic risk with our measure of financial bubbles and we are asking how this relationship depends on bank characteristics on the one side and bubble characteristics on the other. First we can confirm that there actually is an increase in systemic risk in times of financial bubbles and what is interesting is that we find such an increase already during the boom phase of the financial bubble. Of course, what interests us most is the heterogeneity across banks and across bubbles. We find that a main driver of the increase in systemic risk during financial bubbles is bank size. Large banks have much larger systemic risk contributions than smaller banks. In addition, we find that loan growth matters and maturity mismatch matters. When it comes to bubble characteristics, we find that especially during the boom phase of the bubble there is a clear relationship between the increase in systemic risk and the size and the length of a bubble. So, the longer a bubble has been around and the bigger it is, the larger is the increase in systemic risk. We know from economic history that financial bubbles can be extremely harmful and therefore of course we want to understand what to do about them. Our results suggest that it may make sense to tackle bubbles early on because what we saw is that systemic risk already increases quite substantially during the boom phase of the bubble. Moreover, we have seen that there is a lot of heterogeneity across the banks and this seems to suggest that policies should be directed at individual banks and not so much at the system as a whole. For example, we have seen that large banks' contributions to systemic risk matter most and this seems to suggest that regulation could focus on these banks in particular. For example, by having much higher capital requirements for the larger banks. Our research is just a first step in order to learn how to deal with financial bubbles at the microeconomic level. In a sense, our results are more illustrative because we haven't really clearly identified a causal relationship and this would be an important step to improve the identification of causal effects. And then of course we would like to analyze the potential policy implications in more detail so which role could monitor a policy play in dealing with financial bubbles, which role should financial regulation play, especially macro-credential regulation. But this of course then requires a different setup which looks more specifically at policy measures and tries to identify the causal effect.


The Enigo State Governorship Election Petitions Tribunal had upheld the election victory of Governor Peter Umba of the People's Democratic Party in the March 18 governorship hall. The tribunal, chaired by Justice Kudirat Morayo Akanu, also struck out the allegations of overvoting, bypass of beavers in the election in the petition file by the Labour Party, Gov. Candidate Chijioke Edeoga and the party. The tribunal ruled that Umba was duly elected with majority of lawful and valid votes cast at the election. It had dismissed the allegation of Edeoga LP that Umba's National Youth Service Court discharge certificate was forged. News Updates


now listen i ain't gonna lie to y'all miss guidey got the looks for the girls okay we love pop and welcome back to another video for today's video we are going to be doing a triangle haul with miss guided and they have some bomb new winter pieces y'all including the shan john collab i'm so excited to be showing y'all what i got so if you're new here hey girl welcome to the channel don't forget to like comment subscribe and also shout out to miss guided for a partner with me on this video so yet so you can also use kyra 15 for 15% off make sure you check the description box so you can shop the looks that i have the links will be down below so let's just hop right into the video because i need to get into these looks with y'all okay so y'all can get the shopping okay so first i'm gonna start off with the shan john pieces so first thing that i got that i'm most excited about is this a big shan john puffer jacket so it is a velvet material and it's just so looks like and it's dope that they brought shan john back like i would never thought i would have never thought miss guided would have brought shan john back but anyway so then it has a little shan shan detail right here and it's just so warm and cozy and so stylish at the same time and it just will look so good with some big combat boots and i'm just so excited about this like this is just giving me everything and i love big oversized coats and the color is so bomb y'all and i just love the shan john detail right here so make sure y'all go check this out before it gets sold out because and then it also has like this jaw string right here at the bottom so if you didn't want it set oversized you can always make it tighter to your liking so yeah but i actually do like it like this so yeah this is actually probably one of my favorite pieces girl this is everything okay so basically this is a set a shan john set with this quilted material i'm gonna give y'all a close-up i love the big pockets on this john logo right here the quilted material just gives it everything that it needs honey this is a look okay so miss guided honestly snapped the material is bomb do y'all see like this outfit is giving it's a giving hold on before we even put this jacket on i just want y'all to see how well-fitted these velour pants are like girl that is whoa nice and napped i got this velour set um girl this is like a book it's a blueberry it's blueberry for me okay and i just needed to get this velour set because it i don't have any like good velour sets and y'all know velour is really popular especially like you know with the shan john 90 so i had to get that type of vibe i had to get that vibe too so and then i got a matching jacket to go with it yeah this is like a blueberry color and then it has the pink shan john detail girl this is everything i gotta got the jacket a little smaller what size did i get this in but i like my jackets to be a little bit oversized just in case so they can fit comfortable but sometimes i feel like i'm like bigger than what i am i got this in a 12 uh usa 8 i could have gotten a six but it's cool but the pants are everything and the pants have like a slit at the end as well y'all know i love that detail on my pants wow i think i'm gonna have to go this jacket taking a little bit just because i don't like how um it doesn't show my shape so well you know i can get this taken in a little bit yeah i'm probably gonna get this taken in so it can be like that but i love this this is everything velour you know those juicy vibes the pink detail it's giving it's giving miss guidey y'all snatched okay you snatched okay and then this is the last shan john item that i got was this like gray um this gray oversized hoodie with a black shan john logo right here and i love how these sleeves fit you see how like they're like um like oversized detail on the sleeve i really like that it makes the sweater a little bit more feminine you know so i really like this i did get the matching pants to go with it but they didn't send them to me but that's fine i can just pair this with like some black um sweat pants and this sweater is so cozy like they snapped on this material this whole like all the pieces that i got snapped so i'm really not disappointed in this collection and i love like oh this is different y'all see how it's like jelly type of material right here on the bottom of the string i like that little detail like the black y'all know i love blacks yeah this i just love the sleeves on this hoodie it just makes it more feminine so okay so now we're gonna get into the regular miss guided pieces so i picked up this cute pea coat um it has a plaid material y'all know plaid just be it's very very much like winter fall time but i just don't i can't get jigged with the red in the black like it's cute but it's just not really like me but when i instantly seen this plaid type of color i was like oh that's a coat so it's like a baby blue and a pink it's very long which i love i can compare it with like some boots and just take like a cute little boot pic like so yeah i love like i love this like color it's like a neutral it looks nude but it's really not it's like pink like you can get away with like a a nude body suit underneath i think that will look real nice with some jeans and a boot like so cute so this next set i had to get because i love orange on me and i want to show you all how the pants fit these are a us 10 i believe but i feel like i could have got a smaller size but i know like no bs i am gonna get these taken in just a little bit because this was like a set that i needed when i instantly seen it i was like oh my god i need that so it's a cute like little cute like sporty two-piece set but you can definitely dress this up i feel like because how the model wore she wore cute with it and i was like so let me give y'all a close-up of this like it's different like these uh little strings right here it's like a circle it's not like that normal long piece and adjust these to like clenching your waist and i just love this like cute little detail right here you see what i'm saying i was like oh my god and i love sweatpants y'all but i love sweatpants that you can see my shape in it you know like it's not too oversized but it has some type of detail on here where i can like adjust so you can like really see what i'm working with you know so i had to get these like look at this this is perfect so comfortable so cute like this is the right of my alley cute comfortable sporty and honestly this is a piece because this is so different i haven't seen any type of lounge where it's set like this like any type of sweater so real cute and it has a hood and then the pants have like oversized pockets on them velcro as it's giving period period but i do need to go with these pants in because what's that off of what movie that's off of he was like i'm wearing the big drawers to complete that game y'all it's all different but anyway oh my god this top i so this is like uh off the shoulder type of thing going on and i love this part about the shirt i love shirts that like clenching your waist right here like have like a little cut b so you can see more to your shape like it gives you more to your shape gives you shape basically i like clothes that just you know make the body enhance the body you know what i'm saying and still look cute at the same time so i had to get this shirt i was like oh my god that's gonna look so good and look at these sleeves y'all like i've been really into sleeve details lately so and i really like how it just goes wide like that like a wide sleeve at the end like that this shirt is just cute overall like but i'm gonna have to wear body makeup because y'all my fajas be messing me up girl the tighter they get they just want to mess me up but i love this and i got a new faja y'all if y'all did not notice um this one only goes to up here which i love it has no straps on it so this shirt i can wear like without you know my strap showing it's a net okay periods parry and poo top is bomb like you need this in your closet for the winter time periods cutest fuck sorry but it's so this next item that i got is this army green um like sporty type of material jacket this did come as a set i did order the pants but obviously they didn't send them to me so i'm gonna have to go on the website and see if they're still available because i would really think this would look so bomb like as like a set so it has these oversized packets right here um this little detail right here on this zipper secure little coat like it's just like a cute little daytime coat honestly i would wear this at night as well um i just love it like this is like my style period so it's like a cute oversized cropped army green i just love like cute stylish coats because honestly like if i have a like a coat like this and it's still cold outside i'm not wearing no oversized winter coat underneath underneath so it's really hard to find like cute like stylish outfit coats so but this one was right on my alley and i had to grab it now listen i ain't gonna lie to y'all misguided got the looks for the girls okay we love i love this y'all when i seen it i was like period period misguided so this is a velour crop top sweater jogger set y'all know this is very giving very 90s vibes very much juicy couture vibes and it says misguided right here on the back of the shirt i love that detail and on the booty part of the pants wow i could not pass this outfit up i was like period misguided period i cannot wait to wear this out i cannot wait to wear all these looks for this winter y'all like seriously i love how this is cryo and the material is bomb like this velour baby top notch so the next piece that i got is this all like a one piece loungewear jogging outfit um i love sets like this just because it just makes me feel very sexy i don't know like these type of set this type of piece makes me feel so sexy but yet comfortable at the same time because i just feel like it just clenches in my waist right here so it gives very much body and then like you know i can show a little cleavage right here i mean you can do that way like regular sweats and stuff but you really can't because like i said sometimes the top can be too big so it will like hide my shape but when i wear like one pieces like this baby i feel so sexy but so comfortable at the same time so but i probably got to get this taken in because there's extra space right here and i don't like that but honestly it is a good fit i just wanted um um taken in just a little bit more i love the oversized pockets so cute and loungy i would definitely wear this out or inside but it's white you know people like to retire white in a winter but i really don't care i don't go by that rule so i'm like i need to grab that period see how this just gives you so much body oil so this is like i said just like what i just showed you but this one fits so much better i think it's because of this um band right here it's a little bit more thicker which i love this is a cream type of material and it has like a dark zipper on it which i love so period we ended this off on a good note like i said y'all these types of like pieces right here like this one piece type of loungewear set makes me feel so sexy and just uh like i just love like this will be my signature type of loungewear you know like this one piece uh i love it so much it gives me so much shape periods anything that shows my shape i'm getting it point blank period okay y'all and then the last items that i got are shoes two pairs so this first pair are these knee high boots crocodile all black i have these in white and i really wanted the black ones just because this heel is honestly so comfortable so i was like oh my god when i see them they had black i was like i need those so look how like the quality is just top tier honestly misguided has a real good selection on shoes y'all so do not sleep okay and i just cannot wait to wear these or like a cute look when like a cute outfit and like this is i'll say like a cute like oversight sweater some leggings or stockings and then put these on girl this is a look so and i've been really loving like black just pure blackout boots like they just make everything so bomb and then the last item that i got are these are these sneakers i really like these because they remind me of like the rick oren's design and the converse converse kind in combination so i just love the thick sole on here and then also like looking from the top like the the bottom part comes out more i don't know i just like that detail on these i just love like they're big and chunky and i just love big chunky shoes i've been loving big chunky shoes lately just like the all-black i just love it so i needed these i'm trying to spice in my style and i like i said i really i don't know these remind me of like the rick oren's so i wanted to get them so yeah all right y'all that is it for this video i hope you guys enjoyed do not forget to use cover 15 for 15 percent off and i hope y'all go shop these looks because these pieces are bomb do not forget to check the description box below and i love y'all so much and i'll see you on this video bye


If you've been hanging around on the dark web for a while, chances are you've taken a look at at least one hidden marketplace. Now different hidden marketplaces that have used cryptocurrency for payments have existed on Tor and I2P since 2011. But one thing that has remained pretty consistent with these hidden marketplaces is that they have a relatively short lifespan. Most of them don't even last a year before they get hacked, busted, or the owners of the hidden website end up exit scamming. Now the way that these exit scams work is by first building up a lot of trust among both the vendors and the customers in the hidden marketplace, but specifically in the escrow service that the hidden marketplace uses. You see since everything is being paid for in cryptocurrency there's no way to cancel any transactions once they're sent. So in order to keep the vendors from scamming the customers, the customers will usually put the crypto that they're paying for these products into escrow that doesn't get sent to the vendor until the customer has received their package and confirmed that they've received their package on the hidden marketplace. So the exit scam happens when the admins of the hidden marketplace obviously no longer want to continue running it because an exit scam ruins its reputation and so they wait for a good chunk of change to go into the escrow which is basically just crypto wallets that the administrators of the hidden marketplace control and sometimes they'll even post some stuff on the forums telling people that there's some small technical issues that are causing problems with the escrow usually causing problems with vendors withdrawing their funds from the escrow into wallets that they control, but everything is working fine. Keep on placing new orders and putting more money into the escrow account. Vendors keep on posting new products that you have to sell so that customers continue putting money into escrow and then one day poof the admins run away with the money never to be heard from again or maybe they are heard from again under a different identity because that's the thing with anonymous people doing illegal stuff on the dark web. They can always burn an identity and then create a new one which is actually standard procedure for this kind of stuff burn an identity once you are done using it. All hidden marketplaces will come to an end one day it's really just a matter of whether that end is on the criminals term or if it's on law enforcements term so if a person is going to voluntarily retire from this online criminal life it's not surprising at all that they would do it with an exit scam for one last big payday. Now one of the most recent dark websites to exit scam is incognito market but this exit scam stands out a bit because of the extreme lengths that the market admins are going through to try and milk as much money out of their customers and especially out of their vendors as possible. So the scam is believed to have started on February the 19th when bitcoin deposits and withdrawals all of a sudden stopped working on incognito market. Two days later incognito fixed the issue which made users think that this was just a standard maintenance issue that caused a bug in the system. Then on February 28th vendors said that withdrawals from the market still hadn't completed after two whole days despite saying that they had been completed in the website's vendor panel and the marketplace was also providing transaction IDs for those withdrawals that didn't show up in the blockchain at all they were bogus transaction IDs and the staff responded to this by saying that funds are spread too thin since we implemented unique permanent addresses our system has a guard that prevents blockchain fees from eating up more than 10% of your withdrawal it automatically rebroadcasts and wait until a good transaction fee per byte before reconstructing a new transaction hence the transaction ID changes until it is confirmed. Some people accepted this word salad from the administrators as an excuse but others were starting to get skeptical of the site. Withdrawal issues continued for four more days and then on March 2nd incognito announced that they were adding ethereum and dye as payment options in the market which was supposed to be an excuse for the missing withdrawals and all the other issues that the market was facing but then another five days passed and more people are reporting issues with withdrawing both bitcoin and manero at this point and several other market features such as sending messages, deleting listings, activating vendor vacation mode and editing vendor profiles were also disabled however creating new accounts into depositing funds still worked fine so at this point we've got a pretty clear sign of an exit scam money can be put in but it can't be taken out. While this was going on incognito staff were responding with different excuses about why the funds couldn't be withdrawn ferro one of the market's main admins was also posting on dread telling people that they were working on the issue and they were not scamming you pinky promise we're not scamming you funds are seifu then one day later hug bunter the lead administrator of dread made a post titled incognito 100% exit scam avoid now and in the body of the post he explained how ferro tried to bribe hug bunter to delete all the posts that were talking about incognito market or to just just take tread offline all together for a little while you know you guys are getting d dosed all the time you know people understand it happens the heck an onion site goes down just just you know make that happen for a little bit while we continue scamming people hug bunter also wanted to acquire dark net live a dark net news and information site that incognito owns so that it wouldn't be used maliciously but instead the incognito team just decided to disable comments on that news site to try to prevent the spread of warnings about the exit scam that they were doing and they also published a new article on that site titled hug bunters attempt to smear two birds with one stone where they're claiming that all of this exit scamming stuff is just fake news and that hug bunter is just trying to smear the incognito team's name and people's trust in their news site and their hidden marketplace and their anonymous online email service and all that now so far all of this is pretty standard procedure as far as exit scams go right you let the money build up in the escrow wallets you make excuses the whole time for why the funds can't be withdrawn and I guess if you've got the cash to buy dark net news sites you're going to use those to try to keep the scam going and you might even try to bribe the admins on dread as well but recently the admins of incognito have decided to try and extort the vendors of the hidden marketplace the people who are actually selling stuff to the other people on the dark web when vendors logged into the incognito sites starting yesterday they would see this message on the front page saying expecting to hear the last of us yet we got one final little nasty surprise for y'all we have accumulated a list of private messages transaction info and order details over the years you will be surprised at the number of people that relied on our auto encrypt functionality oh no oh no they trusted the insight encryption please tell me that they're just bluffing and people are not still trusting insight encryption in the year of our lord 2024 and by the way your messages and transaction IDs were never actually deleted after the expiry yeah surprise surprise about that literally says surprise surprise anyway if anything we're to leak to law enforcement I guess nobody never slipped up will be publishing the entire dump of 557 000 orders and 862 000 crypto transaction IDs at the end of May whether or not you and your customer's info is on that list is totally up to you and yes yes this is an extortion as for the buyers we'll be opening up a whitelist portal for them to remove their records as well in a few weeks thank you all for doing business with incognito market and down here we've got a list of prices to purge the vendor's records depending on what level they were at starting at $100 for a level one vendor and ending at $20 000 for a level five vendor now the thing about this that's so wild to me is that out of all the people that are involved with hidden marketplaces I think that the vendors would be the most dangerous ones they're the ones that are actually selling illegal products that in some cases you'd probably need some connections to some really scary people to get or they might even be the scary person themselves there is a non-zero chance that cartel dudes who have participated in no less than five beheadings have figured out how to use tor and created accounts on these dark websites to create new revenue channels for their business those are not the kind of guys you want to try and be extorting especially when a lot of people on the dark web are actively trying to dox the administrators of incognito specifically ferro the one that tried bribing dreads administrators now for customers and vendors that encrypted messages themselves with pgp as you should you really shouldn't have anything to worry about with you know these guys trying to release your docs to the public or to law enforcement or whatever but if you didn't then there's a good chance that you're going to get investigated if incognito admins do hand this over to law enforcement the order info would really be key to that investigation because the addresses would obviously tell police where the customers are but there's also a good chance that the police could trace packages back to where the vendor is mailing them from do a control by and then bust them at the post office when they go to ship that package any onsite or in platform encryption is never to be trusted because law enforcement could raid the site and get all the messages that way hackers could take over and read all the messages while they control it and now the admins themselves might threaten to submit the messages to law enforcement unless you pay them an extortion fee handling encryption on devices that you control is absolutely fundamental to good opsec if you enjoyed this video please like and share it to heck the algorithm and check out my online store based dot when where you can get awesome merch like the come and find it short sleeve t-shirt made from 100% cotton perfect for those warm spring and summer days that are coming soon and as always you can save 10% at checkout on based dot when when paying in Monero XMR have a great rest of your day


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards, and I am doing a two-box football and soccer mixer for Marcus R, so we have 121 pretty many chronicles football h2 and 121 22 stadium club Boone's league at tops chrome So here we go. We'll start with stadium club So we had a pretty good box of this last time actually Oh I've literally done that so many times where I'm like I Get sidetracked on something and I'm like oh man Here we go. Good luck here Marcus Yeah, I can link it for you in a second creasing me one sec Nielsen Got not numbered wave aster brand's brand kick for Wolfberg A few hours in Victor. We have a lot of orders still made a lot of one boxers But some base heavy stuff like a lot of optic I don't know. I don't think we're getting a ton of eminence, and I think all the eminence we get in will be group breaks I don't know. I haven't really talked to rich about that Copy got yawn Thielman to 99 on the green nice one there. That's refractor would be Ridley Baku Yeah, I would say about give or take that some Victor Probably around 11 ish. Oh Sydney rookie. There we go upper deck black diamond PYT. I'd love that dude One archives one pristine 3h2 for some Victor. Wow. I'm liking that some Victor blue Kevin Prince boating Not numbered nice one there for her to Berlin Yeah, I'd be a very expensive person very expensive for sure Yeah, you're getting the yachts for sure. No that Jeremiah if you want to buy a case of prism. I'm in Bradley Got Dominic's no shot on that one to 175 Yeah, I got you.  Hello. It's nice refractor Erling Holland Dortmund. There you go. Heck. Yeah Nice Holland Brad thinks of the thumbnail. I'll text him after this to look at the thumbnail. I'm sure he'll love it Kevin Campbell for Leipzig Sobo sly. Okay. Thank you Matt Appreciate that. I appreciate that Fractor of manual pridal. Yeah, personals would be fun, man. I'd love I mean Don't have to twist my arms to do personals of eminence believe me. So no if we have the I as refractor of Hero and gold of Ridley Baku for Wolfsburg 50. Sorry guys. I mean one suck W there for sure big W big W Robin zenter or zentner to 199 mines We have our auto in this pack Got auto Danny Blum To 79 that's 72 of 79 on the Danny Blum auto blue wave nice Got Marco Meyerhofer on the blue X-Fractor not numbered Jamie Luling now feel man got Daniel Brosinski on the icon Probably about two hours or so I'd say Brandon say rip around 11 11 30 probably go to about two tonight Max Cruz got Ricardo Pepe nice. Osberg USA. Nice. Nice. Take that Brian last me on the rookie Got Florian Kynes line runner nice Erling Holland base on top. There you go Matt said this so the sly. I want to say so the fly David Rahm got Jaesung Lee on the refractor Insert Keynes Keynes. Thank you. Got Florian wurts on the purple to 299 nice one there and purple of Danielle Mallon to 299 nice one there Chronicles H2 coming up next. Let's see what we got in here Got exclusive crown Royale rookie. So all the base crown Royale are exclusive to H2 So six packs not guaranteed in auto. They do pop up Every few boxes, but not to guarantee one much like other hybrid products Micah Parsons Chronicles rookie. There you go. I would walk it. Jill and waddle score update Crown Royale book Quitty pay got Ron Dale Moore on the silver elite. I think that's not numbered Ramon dry and clear Herbert. I can take a look on the calendar I'm not a hundred percent sure offhand, but if we are we'll have it on the calendar. Most likely I can go take a look after DK Jonathan Taylor got Davis Mills prison black Javante on the crown clear Herbert As well as the Vance Smith Trevor Lawrence and ETN Josh Allen Justin Herbert got a Dynagon of Jalen waddle Elijah Moore crown base Brevin Jordan to 399 Texans Javante score our elite silver Elijah Moore and Diami Brown rookie AJ Brown and Travis Kelsey. Oh turn of the century Scridge to 49 nice scridge auto. Let's go Heck yeah There you go nice Dwayne a scridge purple the scridge Ramon dry got Kellan Mon to 199 Cleo Herbert silver Tray Lance and Amanra St. Brown got CMC Jalen Hertz Kind of gain. Well, there's Marshall Jr. Crown base Mac Jones crown base to 199 nice nice Mac and Devonta Smith purple to 99 right behind that. Haha. I appreciate that Mikey. That means a lot man. Thank you Flee by Frank's and nice Brady on these stars and stripes. I Appreciate that Mikey Yeah, man. It's a lot of fun, dude. I have so much passion for it's just so much fun to do Quentin Nelson Kyler got Sam Ellinger on the prison black silver Daffy OA Kenneth gain. Well Got Kellan Mond on the silver Kenan Wang Wu and Kyle Trass clear vision That'll do it for your break there Marcus. Congrats on all the hits. We'll get those right out to buddy. Thanks again


Hello, friends. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. So this is my website studiesaleforce.com. So here you can find links of various videos related to Salesforce on a single platform. So in this video, we are going to discuss how we can apply validation to add error method in case of apex trigger. So I will be covering various scenarios here. So I will tell you like how we can apply validation condition in these scenarios. So I will tell you first like in before insert how you can apply validation then before update then before delete and then after insert. Right. So after watching this video, you will be able to understand how in various scenarios we can add error message to a particular record. So first we are focusing on before insert. So here you can see all events are already available before insert update delete and before insert before update before delete and after insert. So as per your requirement in your project so you can increase or decrease them. Then I'm checking if trigger context is is before and then trigger context is is insert. So this method will be executed. Right. So I'm updating this one because I'm not going to update description. So I'm going to just update rating. So for this I have implemented account trigger handler and in this account trigger handler you can see first this method is available public static void update rating and it will be having a value in new list. So new list will be having values from trigger dot new context variable. So whenever you are inserting new record so those will be available into new trigger dot new and those we will be having a new list. Right. Then we are iterating new list and if industry is not null and industry values media then we are putting rating as hot. So now I'm going to tell you how you can apply validation here. So we are checking if ACC dot industry equals to null. So ACC dot add error. And here we can write please populate industry. Right. So this will be error message please populate industry or please fill industry value. Accordingly you can put so if industry is null then this message will be displayed. Otherwise this else will work. It will check if industry is not null and it is equals to media so hot will be stored else. So in case of media only in case of media rating will be hot. Otherwise, rating will be cold.  So whenever you try to create new account record and you put industry as blank on null. So this error will be displayed otherwise accordingly hot and cold will be stored.  So right now only this method will be executed because we are going to create new record. And I'm commenting this one because otherwise this after insert will also work. So now I'm going to create new account record. So let's save. Let's first get it saved. So now you can see this trigger is saved. So I'm going to create new account record. So clicking on new and typing account name as test and I'm not putting any industry value here. So it is none. So clicking on save. So here you can see please populate industry. This error is automatically added on the record and you won't be able to save it until you provide a particular industry. So if I put industry as communications. So now I'm saving this record so you can see a record is created. And if I go to detail, so here you can see rating is as cool. And if I select industry as media at the time of creation of the record, so rating will be having hot as a value. So this way I explained you and demonstrated you how on before insert you can add that right.  Now let's move on update. So this was before insert. Now we are on before, before update. So in case of before update. So if you want, like if you are if you are modifying any value and let's say here phone is available. So if you try to modify phone on the account record and phone is null after updation. So in that case, we will be adding the error methods. So in case of before insert, sorry, in case of before update, we require two parameters. New list and old map. So if we move to the trigger. So here you can see this method. So here trigger dot new is passed, which is having new records and old map will be having the old state of the records. And here the condition is if old map is null. Sorry, old map is not null and ACC dot phone. This is the new value and old map dot get ACC dot ID dot phone. So through old map we are getting the value of phone and we are comparing new and old values if they are not matching. It means you updated the phone. Also, we can add one more condition here if ACC dot phone that is the new value is null. Right. So let's say on account record earlier there was some value as phone. Now you updated your record and this time your phone value is null. So in that case, you want to throw an error like if you're modifying the phone. So you need to put some phone number. You can't make it as null. So in that case, we are going to put one error message. So ACC dot add error. You cannot make phone as blank. Right. Or you can add more message like please provide a phone value or whatever way you want. You can modify it. So I'm closing it here then else. And inside else. We can put this. So this way I implemented or modified this code. I'm saving this. So if you are updating your phone and it is null, then only this error message will be displayed. Otherwise description will be having this message phone is modified on account and the updated phone will be available on the description. Right. So moving on to the record. So here you can see initially phone is blank. And description is also blank. So I'm going to modify the phone number. So one, two, three, four, five. So this time from null to we are assigning some value. So no error will be thrown. And if we see the description, you can see phone is modified on account and one, two, three, four, five is the current value. Now, if I make it blank and click on save. So here you can see you cannot make phone as blank. Right. So here is added here as a validation. So this way on before update, you can also apply validation. And if you put any particular value, let's say 111 and click on save, then it will work properly. And again, you will see our description is modified automatically. So this way I hope you understood how we can apply validation condition in case of before update as well. So next is before delete. So if you are trying to delete any account record. So all the deleted account information will be available into older list. So we are calling this check account status method in this trigger here and we are passing trigger dot old context. So here we are checking if on account active is true or yes, then this error message will be added otherwise account can be deleted. So here you can see account is blank. So right now I'm adding one value clicking on save. Now I'm trying to delete this account clicking on delete so you can see sorry you cannot delete accounts which are in active state. So this message is available. Now I am changing its value to know clicking on save. Now this time if I try to delete this record so you will see this account will be deleted automatically. So account test was deleted. So this way you can add error message while deleting any record. So I hope you understood how we can add error message in terms of validation through add error method on before insert before update and before delete. Now it's time to after insert. So I'm uncommenting this. So in case of after insert we are passing trigger dot new because new list will be available here. So here you can see we are fetching new list in this variable then opportunity list is created then we are iterating on new list. Then we are trying to create new opportunity whenever an account record is created. So what is happening. First time creating instance of opportunity then filling name account ID stays and closed it and account ID will be ACC dot ID. So whatever account record you will be created. So immediately an opportunity will be linked with that account and after completion of this loop. Let's say you created an account. So for each account one opportunity will be created and those will be added to this list. And after completion of this loop those all opportunities will be inserted. Now the requirement is we need to add the error message right. We want to add some error message. Why creating opportunities right. So what I can do I can write if ACC dot active is not equals to yes. So in that case I want to add error message. You cannot create account as an active right so this will be the message. So if active is not equals to yes. In that case this message will be displayed you cannot create account as an active. So please populate yes on active. So this kind of message you can put if account is already having yes as value so else you can write these instructions. So this way you can see this method is modified now. So whenever account is not active then this message will be displayed otherwise one opportunity will be created and it will be linked with that account. So this way you can control like whenever account is active then only opportunity will be added otherwise not right. So I am saving this. Trigger is already saved so now if I try to create new record clicking on new writing here as test and here you can see. Yeah active is having nothing and industry is also having nothing right. So first before trigger error will be here please populate industry. So we need to populate the industry otherwise we won't be able to see that error. Now if I again click on save so you can see you cannot create account as an active. So this error is coming from the after insert and if I populate industry. Sorry if I populate active as yes then it will be saved. And here you can see in the related list when opportunities created automatically. Right. So this way I hope you understood how we can add error message in case of after insert. So here one thing you need to remember like everywhere you can see in case of before triggers as well in case of after trigger. We are adding this error to this new list. Trigger dot new right so whenever you want to add error so you need this new list that we are getting from this trigger dot new or maybe trigger dot hold right so in case of delete you need trigger dot hold in case of insert and update you need trigger dot. So on that only you can add the errors so that they will be reflected on the record so here you can see on old list we are trying to add error here in new list we are trying to add that and in case of before insert also we are trying to add error in new list. So on new list in case of insert update and hold list in case of deletion, you can add the error so that they will be displayed on the UI. So this way I hope you understood how we can apply the validation rule in case of trigger with the help of this add error method. If you want to watch more trigger apex or process automation related videos so you can go to this website study salesful.com. So here you can find all the video links those are created by me related to Salesforce. So watch them and learn Salesforce. Thank you for watching this video.


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more Today we have rubber damp from operative dentistry so rubber damp is nothing but a thin square sheet of Rubber which is used to isolate operative site from the rest of the mouth So which basically contains a hole in the middle which allows the dentist to isolate the treatment area Using a dental clamp around the tooth And they are basically made of latex, but there are also non-latex alternatives are available So this session is about The rubber damp its components how to fix a rubber damp how to remove a rubber damp So moving on so rubber damp provides some best possible isolation in in 1864 SC Barnum, New York City Dentist introduced a rubber damp into dentistry So it is used to define the operating field by isolating one or more teeth from oral environment and this damp Eliminates saliva from the operating site and Retract the soft tissue so the advantages are As we all know it provides a dry clean field And there will be improvement of access and visibility by eliminating the more moving structures such as the tongue, lip, cheeks and saliva from Operating field and retraction and also the protection of soft tissue because in operative procedures There are chances of insurers of tissue then prevention of inhalation and ingestion of foreign bodies the files and other things Improved properties of dental materials because most of the times when it is mixed with saliva the properties or the actual properties will be reduced and it aid in patient management and it prevents the cause infection and it minimizes Mouth breathing during inhalation sedation procedure But the main problems associated with rubber lamp It's the most difficult part. It's its Installment usage is very alarming the private practitioners because it is very time-consuming and the patient most of the patient is Not very happy with this So patients objection and time-consuming is the one which prevents most of the dentists to use in their clinical practice And which cannot be used in case of extremely malposition teeth That is one of the thing because if we have a properly alien teeth, it is very easy, but if it is a malposed teeth it's very difficult to fix and the children who are suffering from asthma or some other respiratory infections or mouth breathing we just cannot apply this because The present condition of the child may exaggerate Moving on the armamentarium. So it consists of a lot of components such as sheets Rubber Dump clams then the rubber Dump frame or holder then the retainer forceps or the punch forceps and the rubber Dump templates or Stamps dental flows and finally the widget So this is the finally placed rubber Dump. I can see the tooth. So this is the tooth, which we are going to work on it and This is a retainer the frame and This is a sheet So the rubber Dump sheet as you see here. It is available as rolls or sheets maybe five or square in size thin medium heavy and extra heavy Thickness are available color could be mostly the blue or green that is the most unique colors which helps the dentist to It is dentists favoring colors because it prevents optic illusion when looking at a blood for a long period of time So it creates optic illusion. So in order to neutralize the Such optical illusion most of the colors in surgical or medical field will be blue or green So it is to provide good contracts with the surrounding and maybe flavor for the children The second one is a rubber Dump clam or retainer. So this is a clam or retainer It is used to secure the Dump to the teeth that are to be isolated and to Minimally the track the ginger issue. It does two purposes one is Secure the Dump and the second one is it to attract the ginger tissue. So it has got parts such as the bow then it has got two Jaws and you can see the prongs four prongs two on each jaw so these two jaws the The left jaw and this right jaw is connected by a bow. So this pointed parts which connects to the tooth are known as prongs So they are four prongs two jaws and one bow So we have this retainer two types one is winged and the second one is wingless Okay, so you can easily make out this is wingless and this is wing you can see the wings On both side of this jaw, this is the wings which is absent here. This is wingless So the retainer is nothing but the clam So return with wing like projection on the outer aspect of the jaw This is the outer aspect of jaw it provides extra retraction of the rubber Dump from the field of operation So it pushes the rubber Dump Towards the apical side and it also gives extra retraction So these wings are passed through the punched holes in the dam and the dam and the retainer placed together on the concern tooth So after placement the dam is slipped carefully over the wings onto the tooth So once you see the picture of step-by-step We'll easily understand this procedure Next we have the wingless retainer which is not having any wings You can see there is no wings. So the retainer is first placed on the tooth and The dam then stretched over the clamp onto the tooth The third component is a rubber dam holder or frame here we attach the entire sheet So it is used to maintain the borders of the rubber dam in position We have Young's holder. It is a U shaped metal frame with small metal projections for securing the borders of rubber dam Then the ash pattern which is most suitable for children then Swenska and her frames are suitable for taking radiographs This fourth component is a rubber dam retainer forceps Okay stocks and rear forceps are there and also ash type is there So it is used for the placement and removal of the retainer from the tooth So we keep retainer at the tip of it For both the purpose that is to keep the retainer on the tooth and also to remove the retainer from the tooth So that is rubber dam retainer forceps Then we have rubber dam punch which is used to make holes in the dam because we need to create holes so that the tooth comes out of the hole and This rubber dam will be beneath the tooth surrounding the tooth with the retainer in position So it is like a rotating metal disc which has five to six holes of Different size according to the size of teeth as you can see There will be six or five holes based on the size of the teeth and they'll be a sharp pointed plunder Which is to create the hole in the rubber dam sheet The next one is a rubber dam template or stamp so it is like a template which is With holes in it which provides a template for the size of the tooth Which needs to be created for the placement So both have position of the teeth marked on them and I used to transfer them to the rubber dam sheet for the holes to be punched so this gives the idea of the size of the tooth if you want to create a Hole which is a maxillary central incisor which you are going to work on it so you can use this template if it is a Second molar lower second molar you can use this template So this template has different size Then we have dental flows which is tied around the retainer before carried to oral cavity to prevent the accidental aspiration of the clamp And widget an elastic which is used to secure the dam around the teeth On the distal side or the farthest side from the clamp So how do we prepare the patient for rubber dam? So this rubber dam can be presented as a raincoat that keeps the tooth dry and held On by a button which is clamped and kept straight by a port hanger, which is a frame. So this is a Frame and this is a clamp So local anesthesia should be administered where a clamp may impinge on the jujava. Okay, which is very optional So the first step is testing and lubricating the proximal contacts. So first we need to use a dental flows To test the inter proximal contact and remove the debris from the tooth to be isolated Second one is the punching the hole so you can use a template the punch rubber dam punch using this one you can create a Hole in the rubber dam sheet Based on the tooth which you are going to work Then lubricating the dam. So the assistant Can lubricate both sides of the rubber dam in the area of punched hole. Okay So using a cotton roll or a gloved fingertip to apply the lubricant So the lip sand corner of the mouth may be lubricated with petroleum jelly in order to prevent any type of irritation Then we have Selection of the retainer so We have many varieties of many types of retainer based upon the Size of the tooth because it is varies from central and size of premolars and molars so the rubber dam retainer forceps will be used to Keep the retainer in desired tooth And there will be a flow style in the position because as we mentioned There will be a flows tied to this in order to prevent accidental aspiration Then we need to test the retainer stability and retention So first test the retainer stability by lifting gently in an occlusion direction with a finger once we Placed in position Slightly lift towards the occlusion direction with a fingertip under the bow of the retainer So an improperly fitting retainer will be shaking or easily dislodged Then positioning the dam over the retainer so with the forefinger stretch the Particular hole of the dam over the retainer and then circles the tooth and will be on the rubber dam sheet The seventh step is apply the napkin So once the operator gathers a rubber dam in the left hand where the assistant can insert finger and thumb of the right hand Through the napkin opening and grasp the bunched dam held by the operator Then positioning the napkin so the assistant pulls the bunched dam through the napkin and positioned it on the patient face Then we can attach the frame so it's the last step we can attach the frame so that It will be in position So there will be Projections here so we can stretch it and connect to the metallic projections which is present outwards which will be projected outwards from the each order Then attaching the nap strap so this assistant attaches the next strap to the left side of the frame and passes it behind the patient's neck and Operator attached to it To the right side of the frame Then if there is a tooth distal to the retainer the distal edge of the posterior anchor hole should be Pass through the contact to ensure a seal around the tooth Then if the stability of the retainer is questionable a lot of fusing modeling Compound can be used now to secure it in position Then the operator passes the sceptre through as many contacts as possible without the use of dental tape by stretching the Sceptre dam for fingers each of the septum must not be allowed to bunch or fold Then use Waxed dental tape to pass the Pass through all contacts then tape is preferred over flow because it is wider dimension more effectively carries the rubber sceptre through contacts Then invert the dam into the gel sulcus to complete the seal around the tooth and prevent leakage So finally with the edges of dam Invert Interproximately complete the inversion facially and legally using an explorer while the assistant directs his stream of air into the tooth Then we can use a saliva injector Because most patients are able and usually prefer to swallow the saliva. It is optional So a properly applied rubber dam will be positioned and it will be comfortable to the patient and The patient should be assured that the rubber dam does not prevent swallowing or closing the mouth when there is a pause in the procedure And check to see that the completed rubber dam provides maximal access and visibility for the operator Whereas the removal of rubber dam first one is stretch the dam facially pulling the septal rubber away from the general tissue Then protect the underlying tissue by placing the finger between fingertip between beneath the septum Then in case the retainer forceps is unnecessary to remove any compound And because it will break free as the retainer is spread and lifted from the tooth After the retainer is removed release the dam from the anterior anchor to and remove the dam and frame simultaneously So wipe the patient leap and napkin immediately after the dam and frame are removed The step five rinse the teeth using a high volume Evacuator then Lastly lay the teeth of rubber dam or a light colored flat surface or hold it up to the operating light to determine that No portion of the rubber dam Has remained between or around the teeth such a remnant would cause ginger well inflammation So make sure that nothing remains in the operating field So that was all about Rubber dam I have explained the components and step by step procedure so it is Commonly asked as a question in operating industry or conservative industry We need to explain the components and so all steps need not to be explained can Skip any of these steps So you can combine many steps So I will come up with a new topic in the industry and more. Thank you