In this video, I wanna talk about the automorphism groups of abelian groups. So we define the automorphism group in the previous videos. So remember, odd of G, this is the collection of all automorphisms of G. These are gonna be isomorphisms, phi from G back into itself. So they're bijective, they're permutations. This is what we have as an automorphism. Well, can we describe automorphisms for abelian groups? The simplest example would be to consider a cyclic group. So just for a concrete example, let's consider for a moment, the cyclic group of order 12. Now, as we learned about in math 4,2,20, abstract algebra one, we've learned that every homomorphism, so I'm not even considering automorphisms necessarily at the moment, but if you take any homomorphism from a cyclic group, this is actually uniquely determined by what the generator is doing. So if we have any math, sigma from Z12 to any group whatsoever, if you know where one goes, then you actually know what everything does, right? So let's say, for example, this group G is actually some other cyclic group, because again, our ultimate goal is gonna be Z12, right? But if we know what the identity does, excuse me, not the identity, if we know what the generator does, then we know what everything does. So let's say that sigma of one is equal to K for some K inside of Z12. Because again, we're trying to consider automorphisms, and this is a property that's true for any homomorphism of a cyclic group. We know what the generator does. Well, if you take any other element in Z12, so say N for example, what's sigma of N? Well, N is gonna be one added together in times, okay? That's exactly what we mean here. So we take like this N dot one here. We're not necessarily talking about the ring multiplication that Z12 has. We're saying N times one is just one added together in times. Now, of course, because of the distributive property in Z12 viewed as a ring, these two notions are equivalent to each other. So it doesn't really matter which one you fixate, but we can describe it from a purely group theoretic point of view. N one just means you add together one N times. And so as a homomorphism, sigma here, if you have a sum of ones, this will then become a sum of sigma ones for which each of those sigma ones is a K. And so you've added together K in times. So you get back in times K. And so this is what we were saying earlier that if I know what the generator of a cyclic group is under a homomorphism, I actually know what the homomorphic image of every element is. We can use the homomorphic property to do this. And this will in fact be a homomorphism, right? Sigma of N plus M here. Well, because of the previous observation, sigma is just multiplication by K. It doesn't matter what the input is. You're just gonna get K times the input there. And so sigma of N plus M is gonna be K times N plus M there for which this is multiplication, the usual sense it distributes. So we get K in and KM, which becomes sigma of N and sigma of M. So in fact, if you choose any K in Z12, sigma will be a homomorphism from Z12 back to Z12. So that's what we're considering right here. Sigma is this map from Z12 into Z12. And we define it to be multiplication by K where K is some element in Z12. And so this actually gives you all of the so-called endomorphisms. Remember an endomorphism is a homomorphism from the group back into itself. But is it an automorphism? Well, an automorphism is gonna be an endomorphism which is bijective. That is an automorphism is an endomorphism, which is also an isomorphism. So that's what we have to investigate right here. Under what conditions will sigma be bijective? Well, it probably has to do with this element K because K uniquely determines this map sigma right here. So if sigma belongs to the automorphism group there, another way of thinking about is that the generator one has to map to another generator because in particularly the order of the element one has to be preserved by an automorphism. Isomorphism is preserved order. The element one has order 12. So the only chance would be to send one to some other element of order 12. For which in Z12, we have four elements of order 12. You got the generator one, but you have the other generators five, seven and 11 as well. So in particular, we wanna choose our element K so it belongs to Z12 star, all right? If K belongs to Z12 star, so this is the group of elements which have multiplicative inverses of Z12. If you pick an element there, then K will have an inverse element, call it D. And then the composition of those two would then give you the identity map. So if we take sigma inverse composed with sigma of N, well, sigma of N is going to give you KN, but sigma inverse is associated to the inverse of K there. You're gonna end up with this element D, DKN for which this becomes DKN for which this would then reduce to be one times N because after all, we're working mod 12 here and which K since you just give back an N, this is the identity map. So if we choose K so that has a multiplicative inverse because after all, sigma is just multiplication by K, then it'll have an inverse, it'll be a bijection. And in fact, every automorphism must have this form, must be invertible. So the automorphisms of Z12 coincide to multiplication by these multiplicatively invertible elements, 1, 5, 7, 11. And so if we look at them in collection, the automorphisms of Z12 coincide exactly with the group Z12 star. And this actually establishes the isomorphism, the automorphism group of Z12 star is, it's isomorphic to, excuse me, the automorphism group of Z12 is isomorphic to Z12 star. And nothing, as nothing in this example here really requires mod 12. Sure, specific details about who is invertible, mind you, but this argument didn't depend on 12 whatsoever. We can actually lift this argument and say something about all cyclic groups. In fact, each homomorphism from ZN to ZN, which of course that means these are gonna be endomorphisms, each endomorphism from ZN to ZN is determined by multiplication by some integer K mod N. We've mentioned that. And therefore, if we restrict our attention to the automorphisms on ZN, these are gonna be exactly those elements of ZN which are multiplicatively invertible. So these are gonna be elements which are co-prime, relatively prime to N. And so this establishes a very important property here that when it comes to cyclic groups, the automorphism group of a cyclic group is just those elements co-prime to it. The automorphism group of ZN is isomorphic to ZN star. And this is true for any N whatsoever. This is actually even true for the infinite cyclic group. If you take the automorphism group of Z here, the infinite cyclic group, this is gonna be isomorphic to Z star, which we typically define this to be plus or minus one. That is those integers which have multiplicative inverses, only one and negative one have reciprocals which are also integers themselves. So this theorem, 11-4-4 on the screen completely characterizes the automorphism group of a cyclic group. In general, automorphism groups can be a little bit more complicated to describe, but there's one other Abelian group which has an easy to describe automorphism group that's worth mentioning. And this is the idea of what we call an elementary Abelian group. So an elementary Abelian group, often denoted as E sub Q, where Q is itself often abbreviation, Q is gonna be a power of a prime. So P is some prime number, it could be two, it could be an odd prime, doesn't matter. They often abbreviate as Q, like I said. So you have E to the QN here. And so just for the details here, what is E sub P to the N? This is gonna be the direct product of ZP N times. So you take the exact same cyclic group ZP, and this is necessarily a cyclic group of prime order, and you take N copies, N direct copies of it with respect to the direct product here. So E P N is just the direct product of ZP to the N power. Sometimes this notation is used, sometimes this notation is used. These are probably the most common notations for elementary Abelian groups. And so besides cyclic groups, elementary Abelian groups are some of the simplest, easiest Abelian groups to study, because after all, something that's interesting about elementary Abelian groups is that the exponent of an elementary Abelian group is always just P. That is, if you raise every element to the P power, you'll get back the identity, okay? Now one reason that elementary Abelian groups are so simple, other than the fact, of course, that their exponent is very small. It's the minimum exponent there, is that we can actually study elementary Abelian groups using linear algebra, because we can view each element of E Q as in fact a column vector, whose scalars come from ZP, right? Cause after all these elements here, you have some type of like X1, some X2, all the way down to XN. In which case these XIs here, XI will just say it that way, XI belongs to ZP. So, and we'll think of these as column vectors, so we'll take the transpose of this thing. So each element of ZPN can be viewed as a column vector whose scalars come from ZP. And this is something we'll talk about later on in this lecture series, but ZP is one of the simplest examples of a so-called finite field. It is in fact a field that is for ZP, you have well-defined addition, multiplication, subtraction and division with the exception divided by zero there. And it satisfies all the actions you want, associativity, commutivity, distributed properties. It's super good. And because such you can do linear algebra when you have scalars that come from a field. Again, these are all topics we'll see later on in our lecture series. And so because of this observation, you can actually view, you can actually view EPN as a vector space with ZP coordinates. Okay? And then it turns out that every group homomorphism between elementary and building groups can then be viewed as a linear transformation that is a vector space homomorphism because scalar multiplication is essentially automatic in this situation.  And so scalar multiplication in this finite setting is just repeated addition that follows from the distributed property for which a group homomorphism will preserve this automatically. And so every elementary building group can be viewed as a finite vector space over a finite field. And the group homomorphisms are exactly just linear transformations. So in particular, the linear endomorphisms are just the group endomorphisms. And so then if we get to this idea right here, the linear isomorphisms, that is, this is a bijective linear transformation. This is identical just to the group homomorphism, the group automorphisms of this set right here. And so with that perspective in mind, we can then describe the automorphism group of the elementary building group using the general linear group. There you go. Because the general linear group of N by N matrices whose scalars come from Zp, this then gives you all of the linear automorphisms from a vector space back into itself. And as these linear automorphisms are identical to the group automorphisms for elementary building groups, this gives us this isomorphism. The automorphisms of an elementary building group is just the general linear group over the appropriate finite field of scalars. So let's look at an example real quick. So let's take the Klein-4 group. The Klein-4 group can be identified as Z2 crosses Z2. And therefore the Klein-4 group is the elementary abelian group of order four. And so it's automorphism group would then be identical to GL2 Z2. So this would be the collection of all two by two non-singular binary matrices. So we only have as coordinates in the matrix zero and one. And we'll of course arithmetic will be mod two as usual. So in particular, one plus one is zero in this situation. Now we only want non-singular matrices. So since you have four coordinates to fill in here, you have two options for the first, two options, two options, two options. So you get two times two times two times two. There are 16 such matrices, two by two matrices with Z2 coordinates. But there's only six of them that are going to be non-singular. And you can think of this in terms of the determinant, right? This has determinant one, this one has determinant of negative one, which mod two is just one again. So we're really just looking for those matrices which have determinant one when you're working with Z2 coordinates right here. And you can work through all of these. These are the six matrices which have a determinant that's non-zero, which in this case would have to be one. And that gives us the automorphism group for the Klein-4 group. Now, previously we have observed that the Klein-4 group's automorphism group is actually just S3. You can look at any permutation on the elements one, zero and zero, one and one, one. Any permutation of these three elements gives you an automorphism of Z4. And that actually agrees with our observation right here. And so in general, though, if you're studying these elementary deli groups, its automorphism group will just be this general linear group. So this gives us an example of how employed linear algebra can actually help us study groups in a deeper, deeper way. This is the basic idea behind something called representation theory. We can strengthen our study of linear algebra by representing the group maybe as a vector space or something related in that regard.


Solar minimum is coming, presented by Science at NASA. High up in the clear blue noontime sky, the Sun appears to be much the same day in, day out, year after year. But astronomers have long known that this is not true. The Sun does change. Properly filtered telescopes reveal a fiery disk, often speckled with dark sunspots. Sunspots are strongly magnetized and they crackle with solar flares, magnetic explosions that illuminate Earth with flashes of X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation. The Sun is a seething mass of activity, until it's not. Every 11 years or so, sunspots fade away, bringing a period of relative calm. This is called Solar Minimum, says Dean Pesnell of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and it's a regular part of the Sunspot cycle. The Sun is heading towards Solar Minimum now. Sunspot counts were relatively high in 2014, and now they're sliding toward a low point expected in 2019 to 2020. While intense activity such as sunspots and solar flares upside during Solar Minimum, that doesn't mean the Sun becomes dull. Solar activity simply changes form. For instance, says Pesnell, during Solar Minimum we can see the development of long-lived coronal holes. Coronal holes are vast regions in the Sun's atmosphere, where the Sun's magnetic field opens up and allows streams of solar particles to escape the Sun as the fast solar wind. Pesnell says, we see these holes throughout the solar cycle, but during Solar Minimum, they can last for a long time, six months or more. Streams of solar wind flowing from coronal holes can cause space weather effects near Earth when they hit Earth's magnetic field. These effects can include temporary disturbances of the Earth's magnetosphere called geomagnetic storms, auroras, and disruptions to communications and navigation systems. During Solar Minimum, the effects of Earth's upper atmosphere on satellites and low Earth orbit changes too. Normally Earth's upper atmosphere is heated and puffed up by the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Satellites in low Earth orbit experience friction as they skim through the outskirts of our atmosphere. This friction creates drag, causing satellites to lose speed over time and eventually fall back to Earth. Drag is a good thing for space junk. Natural and man-made particles floating in orbit around Earth. Drag helps keep low Earth orbit clear of debris. But during Solar Minimum, this natural heating mechanism subsides. Earth's upper atmosphere cools and to some degree can collapse. Without a normal amount of drag, space junk tends to hang around. There are unique space weather effects that get stronger during Solar Minimum. For example, the number of galactic cosmic rays that reach Earth's upper atmosphere increases during Solar Minimum. Galactic cosmic rays are high-energy particles accelerated toward the solar system by distant supernova explosions and other violent events in the galaxy. Pesnell says that during Solar Minimum, the Sun's magnetic field weakens and provides less shielding from these cosmic rays. This can pose an increased threat to astronauts traveling through space. Solar Minimum brings about many changes to our Sun, but less solar activity doesn't make the Sun and our space environment any less interesting. For more news about the changes ahead, stay tuned to science.nasa.gov.


I also just want to take this opportunity in addition to the people of Morocco to also remember the people of Libya, who also suffered through the flooding. So our administration, Mayor Adams, all of us, our thoughts and prayers are with them and our community and we will be supporting everyone through this difficult time. So now over to Commissioner Castro. Thank you so much Deputy Commissioner. Give it up for Congolese in New York. Let's hear it. Give it up for Africans in New York. Let's hear it. Give it up for Mayor Eric Adams. Mix some noise. I want to take this opportunity to thank Leonard and the African Council and all the community organizations that who have been great partners in supporting nearly arrived immigrant communities here in New York without your support, without your support Len, I don't think we could do this alone. And you know, we've heard a lot in the last couple of weeks, but if you look across the country, no mayor has done more for our immigrant communities than Mayor Eric Adams and I want to thank him for that. If you look at our history, history of New York, no mayor has done more for immigrant communities to this day. So facts are facts and I want us to remember that. And so with that, please welcome the mayor of the city of New York, Mayor Eric Adams. I think that I say over and over again, when you celebrate the diversity of this amazing city, that it's both in a combination of substantive action and symbolic action. And today, we're looking at the symbolism right here for the first time. You may have 60 years of independence, but this is the first year that the flag from the Congo is going to be raised here at Bowling Green, acknowledging the contribution, acknowledging your participation in the greatness of this city. And you should feel pleased and happy because many people that are on this line right now, getting ready to go to the bull, they are part of, many are part of the unfortunate few of Americans. Because there are only two types of Americans, those who live in New York and those who wish they could. And you're one of the ones that are in New York, so you should be excited about being here. And this is so important and significant. Yesterday we celebrated all of the countries in Africa at Gracie Mansion. It was the first time in celebration of that magnitude and bringing the energies of the ancestors to Gracie Mansion. But this spot here is so important. Right on the same spot, all of our ancestors that were ripped away from the continent of Africa used to be sold here on these grounds. And many of them left the continent in slavery. And when I returned last year with the mayoralty, it showed the resiliency of the African people. And no one knows that better than the people from the Congo. Colonialized powers for far too long oppressed the people of Congo because of their natural resources. And you have continued to rise and you have continued to show the resiliency of the country. So we're proud today as we rise, as we raise the flag to the people of the Congo that you belong not only here in New York, but across the globe. There's so much debt that is owed to people of Africa who have undergone so much colonializing treatment on the continent. This is a moment of reclaiming the natural resources, reclaiming the dignity of the continent, reclaiming the relationships of your aunties and uncles and cousins that you lost during the slave trade of yesteryears. It is our obligation and responsibility to reunite ourselves. And I'm happy to be here to be the mayor that finally raises the flag of the Congo here in the center of Manhattan, the center of strength of this country. Congratulations to you. 60 years of independence. Keep being independent as we move forward. Thank you very much. Thank you so much, Mayor, for all you do for the African community. And it is now our pleasure to present some gifts to the mayor from the community. And Ankumo Katalai will do that for us. On behalf of our Congolese government, the community, the leaders, we want to thank you for this initiative to honor our people, to remind us that we are part of it. There's some symbolic gift. This, I ask Kinshasa on my own because I know what the leper represents for the Congolese culture. So we have this leper hat. I don't know if the mayor in his swag today feels like putting on a hat, but the representation of what this means is a lot for us. And our friends, our friends in Galerie Articular Cans, they are based in D.C. in Georgetown. They were able to craft this gift for Congolese artists who's based in Kinshasa, you know, for the mayor to have. And our friends at Congolese Village, Jimmy, he's one of the Congolese company, he owns a coffee company. Jimmy's right there with the suit. He was able to put a gift together for you to present. But more importantly, this is for me and everybody else and everything else I care for. Maybe I will invite my elder to present this better. This is a Cuba Claude. He's an historian who can speak more or less about this, but I wanted to see how beautiful it will look on one of the leader. This is Chaka Buena, a textile that comes out of the Kingdom of Cuba, right in the heart of Africa's woven by women. And this is called Raphia, made out of palm tree. There you go. It goes under the arm, under the arm. Chaka Buena. For now. There you go. So this is courtesy as well of our friend and gallery, Artica Cairns in DC. They were able to send me this so we could present to represent Congo. Please, when you think of Congo, I want you to think of Cuba Claude today. Please. Thank you, Mayor Adams. We have here the representative for the Congolese mission. Thank you, Mayor Adams. Thank you again, New York City. Merci. Now we're going to be raising the flag of the United States and the flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Thank you. Halley!


Good morning, everyone. I'm I'm Xulie. I come from China. We have three speakers today. Let them have an introduction first. I'm Kai from Nanyang Club. I'm Hu Wei from Intel. Today's topic is China. It comes at administration system in 5G to manage Stalin X, Kubernetes, and OpenStack IH-D6. Let's have a quick review on China income 5G IH in opening from Berlin summit last year. We delivered a session named comparison between Open IH projects and ETSI, MVCRA, with Intel and 99 Cloud. We show the design of China income IH platform based on OpenFrance structure of projects and it's according to the ETSI MVC reference architecture. Last year we have the design and today we have had the online system supporting the MVC business. We will show you the deliverable and the back end details. First, let me introduce the China Unicom Cube IH. 2019 is a 5G commercial year of China. Five days ago, on October 31st, China's 5G networks went live and China Unicom established the brand, the power of 5G. It means with the slogan, let the filter grow. We commit to the innovation technology and enable the industries and bring unlimited experience to users. From 2G to 5G, the technology is constantly updated. Now the China income IH is focused on digital transformation for the industries. As MVC, the IH Cloud is a key infrastructure for the next generation IT and we will reform the traditional business with MVC and to support innovations on MVC with AI, data and mobility. Today China income is supporting 60 IH projects over 20 provinces around China. For example, we cooperated with Tencent 90Es on cloud gaming area and cooperated with BMW and China on the intelligent connected vehicle area. We also incubated innovation products and explored new business models like intelligent manufacture, smart house care, new retail, smart pause and so on. China Unicom is building the 1000 edge nodes around China. Involving, we have the QB edge surface platform have three layers. There are the infrastructure layer, capability layer and the app and service layer. The infrastructure layer can provide the virtual machine and content resources and capability layer can provide network capabilities such as low balance as net, virtual firewall and can provide application capabilities such as VCDN, AI, and so on. We have a central site for operation and maintenance. We have built a business spot center including BSS, OSS, marketing spot and customer service spot and we also do the management and orchestration of apps in the center site. Next, let me introduce the architecture overview for QB edge. The numbers of MEC in the future will be very huge involving three levels of DCs. There are central DC, regional DC and edge DC. In central DC, we have OSS and MEC developer center and FVO and MEO orchestration. In the regional DC, the MEPM takes charge of the life circle management of MEDC, the IS and we also have the regional monitoring and cloud edge orchestration. In the edge DC, we have lightweight IS and the CAS. On top of that them is the vast and the fonts. Let me introduce the deployment architecture. MEO deployed on central DC. MEPMs are deployed on 31 regional DCs and MEOs deployed on edge sets. These three tiers architecture is to spot edge applications quickly deployed to edge as needed. And the central MEO is connected to BSS and OSS. According to 3GPP standard, traffic rules are configured by MEPM via NF interfaces and the UPF, VINFs and MEP modules will be deployed in edge sets as needed. UPF will be deployed by NFVO and MEP will be deployed by MEPM. In most cases, edge DC that is a shared infrastructure model will be the first option to provide application hosting. AF client agree on the SLA in latency bandwidth and the security. In some 2B cases, one side client DC means dedicated infrastructure model is also spotted especially to some strategic partners. Okay, next turn to Li-Kai. Okay, I will tick over the demo part and the detailed text behind this demo. So this is a video. It's around two minutes demo. So this is a diagram to show one edge DC. You can see the different parts of the edge inside the specific edge DC. This is show the list for ice. Not actually not ice is include some like a Kubernetes doc infrastructure. And we have a geo, this is just a demo because it's not live in the production but you can see the functions. We can see the geo for those edge DCs. And this is a deployment for our application. You can see first we have a very basic application. You can input the application descriptor, discretion, name and those things. Second is select ice to be deployed. And the third one and the fourth one is very important to edge because you need to define the rules especially for the network rules including DNS rule and the traffic rule. So this is something we will talk later in our application. Describe the design that we need to define some policies in a related with those two parts. Okay. Sorry. Okay. So it's just replay. So define the rules, define the traffic, you know, destination and the source, network information. So we deploy our application. This we will show, we will talk this later because if you're familiar with the VNFD, VNFDescribe, you will be know the TOSCAR descriptor. It's to define the VNF, right? But we also implemented in edge application, but that is not all because we have some cognitive applications. So we use YAML to define it. We will introduce this later. So this is show a skill policy define the incremental you are going to scale out or scale down or the maximum size of the application instance you are going to scale. So this is a demo for the change of the scale, to the scale out, scale down. So we also will demo upgrade. This is a VM-based application, actually. So we can both do VM-based application and the doc-based container-based application. We need to define the application descriptor to enable those scale up and the scale down policy. This is when upload application from raw image, you need to add some, you know, actually this is a kind of process to define the descriptor. We develop a self-service tool that to enable certain party users to import their application via raw image and we can add those descriptor information in the backend. So this is for upgrade. Okay, that's it. We will just show a full life cycle for application from deployment, scale up, scale down, upgrade or import for the application package. And this diagram actually this we cover more than application. What we show is just from, you know, sorry this is still in some, some words are still in Chinese. This is the official repository, production repository to the edge DC. We just show the life cycle to cover the edge application distribution and edge application development management. And we also have a life cycle before the application. We can allow SV to upload the application via image or we also provide a source code base for including like CI CD process and artifact process to enable the development life cycle for application. So the underlayer shows the change. This is for source code and we open some API to allow them to call the, call the capability we expose it in edge. They can use those APIs to enable their applications. This is an image. This is raw image. After raw image, we need to add some described information like in YAML or TOSCA.  Okay, we are going to introduce the backend technologies for this design. We will cover four topics. First is the, we implement a lot of, this is a high level picture. We are going to implement some already in this system. Some is, some module is in our plan to implement. Like we enable OpenStack, Kubernetes and .exe, we can compatible for those underlayer infrastructure. We also enable HIT and HEM and the aspects in the investigation to see we can enable it or not in our solution. We also use some ops tools to do the data collection for those operation information. And another module we are currently investigating is OpenList for the data planning part. We will introduce this later. This is a very special if you are managing edge DC because there are traffic from the user side to your edge applications. And so again, this is a full life cycle. First, we will talk about the options for edge DC. When we look into this diagram, actually there are several different type of object we are going to do orchestration. Like we have, like this is actually a city part UPF or in 4G it's a gateway or, okay, we call X gateway, right? This is actually defined in the ETSI standard. It's a DP part. And we also have some applications. We expose some service. This is a value added service. In short, it's what we call advanced VAS. And we also have some fair wars to managing the ITCT boundary and cloud edge boundary. So you can see we have different type of object to be orchestrated. And this is to show that for the different type of the objective, this is a destination we are going to host. And some objective we can cover the CICD and microservice governance process. Several of them are not included. But anyway, in summary, we have some requirement if the application is a VM based, like some VM based application, or especially for some VMF or some we call MEP, especially for network functions, they need like acceleration for DBTK or need original, it's only support VM based department. So we need a VM. And then we also have some functions like a China Unicorn expose some vehicle service in the future. And FNS is some functional network service exposed to third party application to use. So those services will be cognitive. We are trying to build a cognitive service back end. So we need the Kubernetes as a back end infrastructure. So this is very, because starting X is still in the, from version one to version two, right, still in the process of to be a production ice in the edge. So we can support all those three different types. And now we have three, we have different objective. And we have different target infrastructure to host those different objects. And how to describe application is a problem. So we need to go to the, sorry, the upper layer, there should be some title is in, okay, okay. Challenge two is about the edge application descriptor. When you, when we look into ETSS standard in, in this, in this white paper, they have a application descriptor defined. So when we look into the details, some, most attributes, I think it's a very quite straightforward, like the name, like the provider, but some specific attributes actually relate with education that says traffic, DNS, and latency. Those attributes are very important to edge. So we have for this, for this reference, reference application descriptor proposed from ETSS, how, how do we, you know, design a real, describe it to solve the authorization, authorization purpose. There are several candidates in, sorry, we have several candidates. First is Tosca for the, for the VNF guys, I think it's quite familiar with Tosca because we define the VNF in Tosca format. And we also have existing YAML, YAML descriptor for the cloud native application. And in OpenStack, we are quite familiar with Ho. It's actually a YAML style, but it's for VM-based applications. And we also have HEM chart. So this is how we define the different drivers and the application descriptor format. For the VM-based application and the DPMEP network related object, we will use Tosca because it's mature. And when you look into those features, like in scale out, it can easily find the reference from Tosca format. And for VNFs, I think there are a lot of VNF validations in telcons. And those experiences can be reused in the application. But for the cloud native, in our original design, we are using Tosca for cloud native application. But lately we found it's a little, you know, some, for a lot of developers that the developer are cloud native defined by YAML. So the, actually the processes that we change the format from YAML to Tosca, then when it goes to the detail underlayer, we call APAS, it's also translated from Tosca back to YAML. So it's a, sometimes we found, little, we found it's a, maybe it's not a good design. So we change it back and use the wrong YAML as described for cloud native application. And actually one thing we missing is in China unicorns, the China unicorns, there are some extend like we, we together with like Tencent, Baidu, Ali, they have some, actually, self-owned edge eyes, actually, software basis. So they have some application ecosystem behind those platform. For those things, we need to follow their standards to do the application described, because it can be easily to import the back-end ecosystem via their standards. Okay. So the fourth part is about a module that is not that familiar with IT guys. In ETSI, when you look into the reference architecture, people might be confused about the MEP, MEP part. So what MEP major purpose is actually is to handling the life cycle for application, like a logistic health check and subscription, those things, and also cover some scope in network. So, so we have different, you know, approach to, to build MEP. First is we build the code from scratch. Second, but it's not that easy. So we have a country Intel open project called Openness. This actually is a new open source project. Hopefully it can be imported in OpenStack Foundation, but we, we think it's, when we look into Openness and who we will introduce this later. When we look into Openness, it's can cover some scope for the MEP, like service authentication, service registry, especially for the DNS part. They have a DNS library from IP to domain name, and they also have very important is DNS local redirection. This is the very key for edge redirection. And you, it also has some capability for managing the N6, if you familiar with the VNF architecture, there are interface. They can handle those data plane from the UPF or the gateway. Okay. So that's it for the, for the demo and technology details part. So, wait. Thank you. Uh, so, uh, I'm away from Intel. Actually, uh, I work for, uh, software department for Intel. So our role for this case with, uh, nana cloud and China income is to, uh, support our ecosystem partners to leverage some open source project to speed up their, you know, edge computing, uh, uh, application development or some, you know, uh, some deployment in their real, uh, product environment. So, uh, my part, uh, so I would like to give you, uh, some updates on some, uh, open source projects that, uh, that we help, uh, nana cloud people and, uh, China Unicom people, uh, in this case. So, uh, let's first start with, uh, Stalingex project. I, I put this slide from our, uh, Stalingex, uh, project update on the keynote. So, uh, for this case, actually I, I, it is well aligned with our collaboration with China Unicom because, uh, when you study, uh, start, uh, look at Stalingex is actually a relatively new open source project. It is open source on last year, uh, May on, uh, Vancouver summit. And at that time we have our first release on, actually on October. And at that time, uh, we begin some collaboration and some early evaluation with China Unicom and nana cloud people to see how we can help them for their, you know, edge, edge DC, uh, project. And then, uh, we come to, as Ken mentioned, uh, we now at the phase two of Stalingex. It actually, we have a very important to release 2.0 on September. And, uh, it is a very, um, I would say a very big, uh, change for Stalingex. And, uh, the most important party is we, uh, integrate Kubernetes platform into the stack. And, uh, that means we provide the container support. And as a community, we grow steadily and with a lot of, uh, you know, ecosystem partners like China Unicom, like nana cloud people, nana cloud. And also, um, we limit a lot of patches. That means we will run completely on unmodified open stack release. We don't, as Stalingex, we don't keep local patches. So in the future, uh, as we can see what we are doing in this case is also allowing our, uh, goal is we want to partnership with our OS ways to, uh, service providers, these partners to scale to, you know, to have real, uh, deployment of Stalingex. So that's our next phase. So, uh, on this page, I would like to give you some updates for Stalingex 2.0. Uh, as I mentioned, it is a, uh, very, uh, big release and a very important release. So I list here some very high level update for Stalingex, uh, release 2.0. So, uh, it actually turns everything upside down. So the first one is, uh, as a community, uh, we do a lot of work, uh, to, uh, to build the technical ecosystem and to, you know, to invite contributors from all, all over the world. And also, you know, the Stalingex community is kind of, uh, uh, governed as a very open source way. So we elected the technical steering committee, uh, you know, from different companies. So this is a, uh, a lot of work around this area. And second one is, as I mentioned, we have a huge stride in involving the architecture of the project. I will give a specific, uh, slide for this one. So, and the rest of the big update, including we, uh, added a significant, uh, we added a significant lead to our documented suit and do some security enhancement, uh, some easy of deployment, uh, enhancement. And for the networking part, we do a lot of work to, you know, especially for the edge computing, some high performance component integration into the stack. So also in integrated, you know, like some PDP protocol for, uh, highly accurate synchronized timing. So this is some, uh, details for the, for the, uh, what we have done to achieve these goals. The first one is, as I mentioned, in, uh, in, uh, when we announced Stalingex and also in, uh, Stalingex, uh, 1.0 release, Stalingex is actually a hardened open stack platform, of course, with, uh, some enhancement and some added component, uh, like we call a flock services into the stack. And starting from, uh, 2.0, uh, 2.0, we, uh, integrate Kubernetes platform and, uh, uh, Stalingex is now a cloud native platform to, uh, to support both, uh, VMs by open stack Nova components and, uh, uh, uh, and Bell mental service by open stack ironic components. And now we support, uh, container, uh, by, uh, Kubernetes platforms. So the current architecture is kind of like, uh, on top of OS, the first layer is Kubernetes platform. And upon that, upon Kubernetes platform, uh, there is the, uh, the open stack run, uh, is, uh, run as a containerize, uh, uh, services on Kubernetes. So with that architecture, uh, the Stalingex, uh, is provide some, uh, uh, very flexibility for the, you know, end user and our OS partners for different requirements for their use cases. Like, Kay, uh, like Kay mentioned in their private slides, in some case they need some VNF, VNF workload. And in some case they need maybe some, uh, container workload for their, uh, use case. So that's a big change for Stalingex from the architecture per, uh, perspective. So for other things I mentioned, uh, we eliminate, uh, patches against, uh, upstream, uh, stack, open stack. So, um, uh, actually, uh, 2.0, we can turn five patches against Nova. And I think the latest status is, uh, uh, these pictures has been accepted by, uh, by the open stack upstream. So means, uh, from now on, um, uh, Stalingex will run completely on, on modified open stack. Now is we migrate from the, uh, 1.0 on pike now on stance.  So this is, uh, uh, some, uh, update, big update from the, uh, architecture preview. And some other features, like I mentioned, we have, uh, a lot of work on documentation, suit, and, uh, uh, if you are interested in Stalingex, you can go to the Viki site. You will find it has a completely refreshed Viki, a lot of content there. You can either as a developer or either as a user, you can find a lot of information there. And for security part, we have enabled the TPM devices to store the secret and enable the UF, uh, UFI security boots on the, uh, on the stack. And for the configuration and deployment side, uh, as I mentioned for the, uh, for the initial host environment, we, uh, leverage, we use Ansible for the, uh, uh, configuration and deployment. And after that, we use the Amanda and OpenStack help to deployment the OpenStack service, uh, uh, on top of, uh, uh, Kubernetes. So for the network part, we support IPv4 and IPv6 for stack and Calico as the, you know, CNI part and some integrated multilas and SIO for high performance networking capabilities. And we integrate the PDP protocol for the, uh, accurate time, uh, synchronizing protocol. And with all the architecture and some big change, we refresh a lot of many components to align with, you know, the OpenStack stain and update, updating the storage, uh, part of the stack self to, uh, Mimic version. So that's for the Stalix and the second open source project that we think we can help, uh, China Unicom and, uh, Nanacloud for this case, for this collaboration is called Openness. Uh, Openness is actually, uh, from previously it's called Intel NEV SDK, Network Edge Virtualization SDK. And now it is an open source and renamed to Openness stands for Open Network Edge Services software. Uh, I got this one from the, uh, Openness, uh, website with the brief introduction and some, um, uh, some points why we do this project. So, uh, basically Openness is an open source reference toolkit that's, you know, to enable the ecosystem, especially for the, um, uh, integrator and application developer to, uh, create and deploy the new edge application and services. So it will make easier for them because our goals here is, uh, the first one is, as you can see, it abstracts out the complexity of the below, uh, network particle on the edge node. And also it enables some, uh, you know, uh, very important features like secure onboarding and management of applications with GUI, uh, uh, web portal. And also it, uh, provides some common, uh, uh, functions, functions, uh, for the, uh, edge node like, uh, access, terminations, traffic, steering, uh, all kinds of these things. And also it provides, uh, expose some, uh, standard APIs to the developer, to the web edge, uh, edge application developers. So this is our goal. And, uh, this is, uh, for the project information and, uh, since it is a relatively new, uh, younger than, uh, Stanley X. So you can find more information on the GitHub and, uh, the source code is here. Uh, you can have a try for this project. And the last, uh, size format part is, uh, uh, a little bit, uh, detailed for this open, uh, next project. Uh, you can see, uh, openness, uh, including, uh, several important modules, including the DNS service, the traffic policy, and, uh, especially, uh, I would like to mention is the, we call data plan services is on the, uh, this red block of this, on this diagram. So this is kind of, uh, dbtk based, uh, data plan software implementation.  So, uh, other things like edge node configuration, edge node interface configuration, because we have different traffic, you know, from the UE side to the edge node side, we need to some, uh, configuration for different, uh, traffic type for, uh, for the edge node, for the edge platform. So, yeah, that, that's, that's what I have for, for, for my part. Hi, how about the time? Do we have a, have time for Q and A or run out of time? Any questions? So what, what, what, what 5G standard do support, uh, SA or NSA? Wait. Uh, in this architecture, we, uh, we can all support the NSA, NSA, and also the, the, the 4G, uh, EPC. Any other questions? Okay. Thank you.


Welcome back to my channel guys. It's your girl Coco styles and on this channel We talk about beauty fashion and lifestyle, but in today's video. I'm gonna be vlogging.  I believe I only had One in my life and that's probably because I fear Breaking out from any type of stuff that they use. I have never had acne. So I'm always cautious on what I put on my skin But I have been watching a lot of videos and these ladies their skin looks so moist after I'm not gonna lie. The services are pretty expensive So it really depends on how often I would have to do this if I'm gonna keep up with the hydro face You opposed to just regular face shoes on a regular basis But I'm gonna try to act as many questions as I possibly can And see what I can get for you guys in case you guys want to try it out So if you have any type of skin like mine or if you have acne the one girl she had She had some acne and even after she just did the hydro her skin just look it just looked fresh She still had an acne of course, but her skin just looked really really really fresh And I actually need to go back to see if she did like a follow-up and stuff But um, I would probably recommend it if I really really like it. So Once I'm done with everything I'm gonna let you guys know How I like it if I do if I don't and this is not a paid sponsorship or anything like that. It's just something that I thought about doing and So I am gonna have a lot of questions for her Hopefully they let me film on it inside and I can let you guys see everything. So but here's my skin before And maybe I'll do it instead of another one outside because I am in the house, but um That's it. I'm grease. I'm not greasy. I'm moist. I'm moist So I'll bring you guys on the inside when I get there and I probably vlog inside the car a little bit When I get there. All right guys Yeah, so I'm gonna bring you guys I'm gonna see if I can ask as many questions as I possibly can You know just so that this video is not like redundant to like other ones that I've seen We all have different skin types and stuff. So hopefully this will help some of you guys again I'll give you a background on my skin. I grew up on Vaseline my mom was a avid Vaseline pusher Okay Up until literally I'm 40 probably up until like 38 39 And sometimes I still dabble in it guys, I'm not even gonna lie and it has not done anything negative to my skin physically That I don't know what's going on underneath But it hasn't done anything negative physically to my skin I will say this that I do feel like it's helped me what spike if I get like a pimple of something It's supposed to clog your pores But honestly if I had like a mark or something and I just put the Vaseline on It literally like wipes away my mark. I'm so serious. So, you know, I know it's it's a petroleum jelly And it's not great for your skin, but I personally think do what works for your skin Do not jump on trends and stuff Try to keep your face hydrated. We are getting older. We're not getting younger and just take care of your skin when you do wear makeup Make sure you double cleansing your face, you know, I double cleanse twice a day and I do not exfoliate Because I sometimes feel like I kind of break out a little bit But I did try it again recently and I put my face shoe cleanser first Left it on my face and put a little bit of the exfoliating product on top of it and I didn't have any issues So maybe for my skin, I need to have a layer of something on it on top of You know before I put on the scrub exfoliant scrub But I'll take you guys on the inside once I get there I'm not gonna run a hole in your ear about skincare because I'm not a skin guru I just know it works for me and I will see you guys in a second once I get there on the inside Like I said, hopefully they let me film on the inside and then I can show you guys the whole process So hopefully I can get some good angles and stuff because I am by myself So I will see you guys in a second when I get there. All right guys.  I have a 1130 Senaya Yes, I do It's fun up here. I don't know how this is gonna go Trying to fill it out. I will let you guys know how I like it after If you guys can see my skin No one has on a mask in here. So you guys know I'm powering on it But anyway, here's my skin. I will see you guys in a second. Hopefully I got no one on the inside So I'll be right back. My session is like 75. I'm gonna see what else she thinks that I need for my skin I mission so We shall see what she says. I'm hoping that I've been taking care of my skin Great. Well, good enough. I'm excited. I just I can't wait for the shine On my face. So I'm gonna just do a quick closer for you guys. I don't have anything on my face. My eyebrows are so horrible but Hopefully she lets me film on the inside for you guys You guys can know if you want to do something like this And I'm not sure what her nationality is or anything like that. I know a lot of black girls like to go to Well, african-american girls like to go to um other african-american Estheticians, but we'll see We'll see. We'll see. We'll see. So wish me luck guys and I will see you in the room Thank you Okay Hey guys, so I'm in the bed And I had to take off my bra I don't know why but I had to take off my bra. So we'll see. You guys could see my tattoo When I was a rebel. So I'm gonna try to film as much as I can here When she's doing it. So I don't know how I'm gonna come out. I'm gonna try my best for you so And then I just ask her some questions Hold it up in front of me and not not get her on camera or anything like that. No, um Yeah, the only thing I can say is um The stuff that I do use on my skin Um As far as exfoliating I tried it out twice and the first time it was a gentle exfoliating But I um I kind of had like a little irritation. So when I tried it again I actually put it on top of My cream cleanser So I felt like I needed something on my skin Yeah, because um, oh, let me wash your skin Okay So I did good I did good for 40 So which part do you want to So I okay, so I think that I have dry skin. I have no idea if I have oily I have no idea if I have combination but prior to Okay, I never used to wear makeup to give a little background and recently maybe a year I started wearing foundation Oh my god Prior to that I used to put Vaseline on my face That is very interesting my whole life like entire life You know what? I think You are just lucky because normally Vaseline You will break out from there because it's Vaseline. It just shields your skin. It's like a plastic If the plastic like a ceramic plastic And doesn't breathe doesn't do anything but it protects from outside environment. So let's see Some kind of nasty environment is the pollution, you know, so you kind of protect it So I stopped using that and then I just started, you know using the hyaluronic acid But I don't even know if I use everything that I'm supposed to use. I just know that I try to avoid Okay, so I think with your skin Less is the better.  So I thought okay, so that the reason could be for that, you know, Sun, uh, sun probably summertime gets a little bit worse, isn't it? otherwise and You can definitely Sunscreen will support It will, you know, protect got it because your Body is not always open to the sun, you know, right? It's always here So It's inevitable. I think also to like Blackheads and stuff. I know like I try my best to clean around my nose. How do you I just try to push it when it's yeah But I've never done like an extensive one. I may not need it. Not sure but Okay, so yes, overall you have a nice skin. You do have a blackheads. You're right So your nose area got a little bit more long And the chin Not too bad, but I do see some on your chin area and um Tiny micro hair, but it's not like a issue. This is what I'm saying like when you said like micro Microblading some people they just don't like to have their hearts, you know Oh It's not really issue So it looks like you have here So Yeah That happened yesterday Something bit me But it went down like it goes down. I'm pretty good with like if I do give it it'll go right down Right away. It doesn't really scar So um Are you here first time? Yeah, so I'm gonna use I think I have 150 150 Okay, so what I see your skin is really super dry actually. Yeah, that's what I know very dry So your routine I notice it's not appropriate either so we can talk about that How to do home care routine, but right now, so It's fully up to you Any facial it's actually good for you However, if you want to just never have anything I want to Jump off on the most advanced and great hydration. That will be the hydrofacial That is 255 But you got $150 already. No, it's okay. I my plan was to do the hydro. Okay. So since your birthday you said yeah Okay, no, you don't have any shellfish allergy. No, okay Like you can have iodine salt and food Okay, so that will give actually more thorough Exploiting also it's like a hydrogen abrasion. So it removes the dead layers. Okay. So before that I will use very gentle Mm-hmm. So how often okay, so hydrofacial how often because it's pricey It is so pride of the hydrofacial Some people I mean you can do Every if you want to you can do it every two weeks. Oh I'm just saying like you can you don't have to so then also you can do monthly Okay Okay, yeah that sounds about yes, but Again with some people with the price wise we like to alternate so we will do something basic maybe one time Every other time or even like once that, you know three times three times we'll do just the Or they will do just for this certain occasion. It depends on the quality of the skin like you can get away without it. Okay so if you want to just stick with the Natural we do have actually organic facial too. Yeah, that was the other one. I saw you can do that next time So maybe I could do okay, so how often should I do a facial? Normally it's the once a month is ideal. Okay Okay, so maybe hydrofacial one month and a home routine every day, of course and then Next month we can do Okay, okay, okay I'm excited and you know what I a lot of my friends. Oh, you have really nice skin, but I feel I feel dry Yes, yeah, and partially in fact that One thing with your skin because it was out of ph balance. This is why you're feeling dry Let's say you use the Neutrogena cleanser And you don't apply it with the toner after that So your ph balance is fully stripped away. Got it So you need to bring that back and your skin is more dry naturally already. So you're To bring for your skin your ph balance. It takes like forever like seven to eight hours You have to really sweat hard to make your own ph balance And skin doesn't like it like somebody if oily they will start break out actually because it won't be working It's so hard to bring that ph Balance itself, but for that reason Oh, I will show you the organic actually It's an amazing toner within the water. It gives a very nice glow And that's active.  So it's too many cleansers And I'm glad you've been using cream cleanser now because that probably saved you Yeah, I use that for years No, no, no Because while we're waiting The stuff is working on your face It's actually mangosteen peel Oh, okay And this is the actual hydrate hydra. This is not hydrating yet. Okay. This is the treatment late on the skin Okay, look at my skin guys. Oh my god. I have to come back next month I'll give you guys a play-by-play once I get home or something Oh, this feels so good. And her name is Rosa. Can anybody just come here? Yes, everybody can come here. You don't need to be a member. Okay. Yes. Okay, perfect So I'll give you guys all the feel on that when I get home.  I let you guys get another view When I am sitting in my car Yeah, I'm gonna try to stay out of the sun because she says she didn't put spf Because my skin was kind of dry Ah, so what do you guys think? I'm so moist. She put some stuff called can Camellia a canilla canilla oil um But my skin feels so great I'm a little moist More so from this morning, but so she did say that my skin was dry And that I was probably Using too much cleanser on my skin And I also was missing a toner step so I purchased You know, they try to get you to purchase stuff, but I'm the type of person that I'm not going to keep going back and forth trying to find stuff So she did use this on my skin. I like she did tell me to get this here um I don't know. Can you guys see that? And it's like 38 bucks so I'm gonna use it for now not saying that again. I'm gonna keep it But I I didn't want to go on a hunt for one right now So it's a hydrating mist, but it's a toner. So this is the step that I was missing Which is probably why my skin felt dry because I wasn't balancing the pH balance back out after cleansing it so This is it And it seems like you can only get it from here, but she said some people find they're finding other places um I don't know. I'm gonna see but this location that I went to was in john's creaking at land in georgia Um, it's at the lifetime fitness, but she was really really good She was really really good. Um I got pretty good footage. I hope it's enough to make a decent vlog for you guys Because it was so she she massaged my hands She massaged my shoulders and my upper body. She massaged my back. She massaged my feet Um, I don't even know if all of that was included supposed to be included, but she did it and I loved it So that's it for today's vlog. Um, I don't know.  My mom used it My sister puts it on my nephew now Um, so but it didn't like really screw me up. I don't know. She did my nose too. Can you guys see?  Um, she did say My grow not my grow uh derma planning. I didn't need that.  Hopefully my skin can glow like I really wanted to glow guys Well, anyway, so that's the end of this vlog for my hydro face you let me know what you guys think Don't forget to hit that like comment and subscribe button and I will see you guys in the next one. Bye