As I mentioned in the previous class, when you have a circuit with a single pair of terminals that is a linear circuit with a single pair of terminals, it looks like a resistor, ok. I am considering circuits without any independent sources inside. Now, when you have a circuit with two pairs of terminals, we have to find the right representation for it. We know that in a linear circuit, every quantity will be a linear combination of the sources that are applied to the circuit. When I say every quantity, I mean every branch voltage and every branch current, ok. So, this linear combination can be represented in different ways and they give rise to different sets of two port parameters, ok. Let us say this is a single terminal pair 1, 1 prime and when we have two terminal pairs, we have to relate V1I1 to V2I2, ok. So that relationship, let us say you relate I1 and I2 to V1 and V2, it gives you a set of two port parameters, ok. As I had mentioned in the previous classes, unfortunately the setup here is such that I cannot take questions by audio. So please ask your questions on the chat window. Now, this also can be further generalized to many ports, we will not consider that, but I will just show you here. If you have let us say N terminal pairs, you can relate voltages and currents at these terminals, ok. Now, a particular reason for considering two ports is that many systems we know have one input and one output and they correspond to this two ports, that is they are well described by this two port representation. For instance amplifiers, if you have an amplifier, there is an input and an output and it is described by this representation, ok. So that is why they are represented by two ports, ok. So that is why we will study the two port parameters in some detail. I think participants are raising hands to ask questions. As I mentioned, I will not be able to take questions by audio. So please use the chat window to ask any questions you have. Now I also took an example of a simple circuit and showed that the quantities will be linear combinations. So let me take this example where I have two terminal pairs, ok. And each terminal pair is called a port. This is port number one, this is port number two and each port has a voltage and a current and these voltages are currents, voltages and currents are defined in a direction consistent with the passive sign convention, that is V1 is with plus on top then I1 goes into the upper terminal. Similarly, for V2, sorry this is V2, ok. Now we can apply either voltage sources or current sources to either side and measure the remaining two quantities, ok. So for instance, we can apply V1 and V2 and measure I1 and I2. When I say measure, what I mean is I write I1 and I2 in terms of V1 and V2, ok. Alternatively, I could apply I1 and I2 and measure V1 and V2, ok. Then I could also apply V1 and I2 and measure I1 and V2 or I apply I1 and V2 and measure V1 and I2, ok. So all these are possible. So for each of these, there is a set of two port parameters that will describe the relationship, ok. So what do I mean by when I say I apply V1 and V2 and measure I1 and I2? It means that I have voltage sources connected to the two ports and then I will write I1 and I2 in terms of V1 and V2, ok. Now clearly I1 can be written as sum number Y11 times V1 plus sum of number Y12 times V2 and similarly I2 can be written as sum third number Y21 times V1 plus a fourth number Y22 times V2, ok. So we discussed this in the previous lecture. Now these numbers Y11, Y12, Y21 and Y22, these are numbers with dimensions of conductance, ok. Now the numbers that appear here will depend on the parameter set we choose. In this case we are writing currents as something proportional to voltages. So these will have dimensions of conductances, ok. Now we also said that this kind of relationship comes about because this whole thing is a linear circuit, ok that denotes the effect, ok and the second one the cause. What I mean is this Y11 relates I1 to V1, ok. So this I1 means the first subscript is 1 and it is due to V1 means the second subscript is also 1 whereas in this case Y21 relates I2 to V1, ok. So in general Ykl will relate Ik to Vl, ok. So this is the convention that is used. So again let me, if you want to, if you did not understand how these relationships come about, first of all it is a linear circuit, right. So linear circuit means superposition will apply, ok. So you can think of this as superposition of two cases where one where V1 is 0 and the other one where V2 is 0. If V2 is 0 both these currents will be proportional to V1, ok. So we will get this part and if V1 is 0 both of these currents will be proportional to V2, we will get that part and if you have both of them non-zero then you get the sum of the two, ok. So this part comes about when V2 equals 0 and this part comes about when V1 equals 0, ok. So now let us say you are given a circuit with two ports and you are asked to determine the values of these parameters. What will you do? How will you measure it? Please give me some ideas. Let us say how will I measure the value of Y12, ok. You can relate this to earlier examples we did many times that is if you have a one port, ok, then you want to find out what it looks like looking into this terminal pair. What we did was to apply some test voltage and measure the current, ok. So taking the ratio of voltage to current we get the resistance looking into this one, ok. Similarly, now in this case I want to measure Y12. What should I do? What is it that I can do to measure the value of Y12? So in general to measure any of these things you have to set some voltages to 0 and apply only one voltage, ok. So instead of applying both voltages simultaneously you have to apply just one of them, ok. So let us see. Now first of all let us say I set V2 to 0, ok. So if I set V2 to 0 it is the same as saying that port 2 is short circuited, ok. So if I substitute that with V2 equal to 0 what I will get is I1 is Y11 V1, ok. So Y11 is nothing but I1 by V1 with V2 set to 0, ok. Similarly I2 would be Y21 V1 and Y21 is I2 by V1 with V2 set to 0, ok. So to measure Y11 and Y21 you have to apply V1 short circuit port 2 and measure the currents in port 1 and port 2, ok. So I think this is pretty obvious from the equations if I set V2 equal to 0 the second part of these things goes away and you will be left with only this and then you can find each parameter individually by measuring I1 you can measure Y11 by measuring I2 you will measure Y21, ok. Similarly it is also very clear that Y12 can be measured by setting V1 to 0 and measuring I1, ok. You measure I1 by V2 with V1 equal to 0. When V1 equals 0 this part goes away and Y12 will be I1 divided by V2, ok. And similarly Y22 will be I2 divided by V2 with V1 set to 0, ok. So I hope this is clear. So Y11 and Y21 these are measured with port 2 short circuited and Y12 and Y22 these are measured with port 1 short circuited, ok. So that is why these Y parameters are also called short circuit parameters, ok. So Y11 which is I1 by V1 with V2 set to 0 and what is Y1 by V1 it is current going into port 1 divided by the voltage applied at the same port, ok. So if you apply a voltage between some pair of terminals and measure a current through the same pair of terminals it is like measuring the resistance or conductance across those across that pair of terminals, ok. So this is nothing but conductance at port 1 with port 2 short circuited, ok. So if you imagine the picture we will have it like this, ok. So this is how we are measuring Y11, ok. So it is pretty clear that once you are short circuit this you can think of this as a single port network when you are measuring I1, ok. So you are applying V1 measuring I1 taking the ratio of the 2 I1 by V1. So it is like measuring the conductance between this terminal and that terminal, is this clear? Ok. Now if you look at Y21 it is I2 by V1 with V2 equal to 0. The picture is the same except that you are not measuring I1, ok, but you are measuring I2, ok. Now you are applying a voltage to port 1 and measuring the current in port 2, ok. So this one is not a conductance. Conductance is when you apply a voltage to some pair of terminals and measure a current going into the same pair of terminals. Here you are applying a voltage here, but measuring the current on the other side. So this kind of a thing it has dimensions of conductance it is I2 by V1, but it is at different ports and this is known as transconductance 1 to port 2 with port 2 short circuit, ok.  Transconductance means that something that you apply here has an effect on that port, ok. So now please give me the interpretation of Y22, ok. What is Y22? We know that it is I2 by V2 with V1 equal to 0. So please give me sort of the verbal interpretation of what this parameter is Y22, yeah. So that is exactly right. This is conductance at port 2 with port 1 short circuited and similarly Y12 which is I1 by V2 with V1 being 0 is transconductance from port 2 to port 1 with port 1 short circuited, ok. So now when I say measure it also applies to calculations. So when you are given a circuit and you are asked to calculate the Y parameters, this is how you have to do it, ok, to calculate Y11 your short circuit port 2 measure I1 and divide it by I1 to get Y11, ok and so on. So we will take an example of this later. Now another thing is the equivalent circuit, equivalent circuit representation. What do I mean by this? Again let us go back to one port. So if I have a single pair of terminals, ok, then we know that this I1 will be linearly related to V1 and at these two terminals we can always represent any linear one port with an equivalent resistance, ok. This Req will be nothing but V1 by I1 and we can also find the conductance if we want. So my question is now we have to do a similar thing for two port. That is this circuit, this very simple circuit is the equivalent of this whole box whatever complicated circuit be inside. As far as these two terminals are concerned that is very important when we say it is equivalent we should find out what, where is the equivalence? These two terminals the voltage current behavior will be the same as in this complicated circuit. Inside this you could have hundreds of resistors and linear control sources and so on. So all of them will finally reduce to this linear relationship between V1 and I1. So similarly for a two port we have to come up with a relationship that is we now have equations which describe the behavior. Now I would like to have a circuit representation of this sort, ok. So what is that going to be? So let me copy over this part of it. So let me take each term one by one and then try to make a representation. So first of all I will take this part I1 and I will take the first term of that Y11 times V1, ok. So if I have I1 equals Y11 times V1 and let me draw the two port here. So I should have some circuit element which will realize this relationship. I want I1 to be proportional to V1 with this constant Y11, ok. So what is the circuit element that will realize this relationship and where should I connect it in the circuit? That is I have four terminals here 1, 1 prime, 2, 2 prime. So what is the circuit element that will realize just this relationship where I have taken only the first term in I1 and how do I connect it so that I get just this relationship? This should be pretty simple. In fact you can very easily see that it is more or less equivalent to a one port network. So again I think you are able to get the answer quite quickly. So this you see is just a conductance Y11 connected between I1 and V1, ok. So when I write Y11, Y11 has dimensions of conductance. So when I write a resistor and write Y11 next to it so that means that the conductance of this resistor is Y11, ok. So this will clearly realize if I apply V1 here a current will flow which is equal to Y11 times V1, ok. So now let me take the first term of the second equation the equation for I2. Now what is an element that will realize this that is I want to now realize I2 equals Y21 V1, ok. So what is the element that is going to realize this and how do I connect it to this circuit? Here it says that the current into 2 prime is proportional to the voltage across 1 1 prime. So what is a what is an element that is going to realize this relationship? Ok, I think one of you has answered this. If you have a current somewhere dependent on voltage elsewhere clearly it is a voltage controlled current source, ok. So this is a voltage controlled current source. It says that the current going into port 2 in this direction this is I2, right. So always keep in mind that this I1 and I2 are currents flowing into the ports. It is a voltage controlled current source which is controlled by V1, ok. So this I will write Y21 V1, ok. So it is a voltage controlled current source controlled by V1 and connected across 2 2 prime in this direction, ok. Now similarly if I take the other terms Y12 V2 the current in port 1 is dependent on voltage at port 2, ok. So clearly here also we need a dependent source and finally this term the current in port 2 is dependent on voltage at port 2. So current and voltage are at the same port. So we can use a conductance which is Y22, ok. So this is an equivalent circuit representation of a 2 port network, ok. Any linear 2 port can be represented like this that is the advantage of this. Similarly the point of having all these representations is that I think I have repeated this many times before. You will end up designing very complex circuits which have lots of components. Now the person who is using that may not need to know all the internal details. So let us say you have this black box which has hundreds of resistors and control sources and what not. But it has only 2 pairs of terminals brought out, ok. So someone who is using this doesn't need to know all the intricacies of the circuit inside. They only need to know the current voltage behavior at the terminals, ok. So as long as you have only 2 ports exposed to the outside world they can be represented by just 4 numbers Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22, ok. And anyone doing any analysis of this black box or any other system using this black box can use those 4 numbers to do their analysis, ok. Or equivalently they can use this 2 port equivalent circuit. This thing I have shown here to do their analysis, ok. So however complicated the circuit is inside it can be replaced by this much, ok. Of course you have to find the value of Y11, Y12, Y21 and Y22, ok. Is this clear? Any questions about this? So this is analogous to, in case of 1 port I can always represent it by a single resistor. In case of 2 ports I need 4 parameters because there is a resistance across 11 prime, there is a resistance across 22 prime. But also if you apply something to 11 prime it affects something at 22 prime. Similarly you apply something to 22 prime it affects something at 11 prime, ok. So with all these interactions we will need 4 parameters to describe a 2 port network, ok. Any questions about this? Ok. The question is how do you say it is a voltage controlled current source? Because the current is a function of a voltage. So it is, this is the input, this is the output so to speak. So it is controlled by this voltage and gives you that current. So it is a voltage controlled current source, ok. So one of the questions is what is the use of these parameters? As I said you can describe a complicated circuit however complicated it is inside to our complicated it is inside with these 4 parameters that is the use basically it is a representation. And also you could have 2 different circuits inside, ok. But let us say you have 2 black boxes each of them has 2 ports and the internal details are different. But if the y parameters are the same so that means that they will behave equivalently, ok. So you could have one circuit with 100 resistors another one with 50 resistors and if you arrange it such that the y parameters are the same then they if you use this black box in some other circuit they will behave identically, ok. So basically it is a matter of representation and it turns out that it turns out that more complicated circuits like more complicated devices like transistors which you will encounter later which are used to make amplifiers and so on can be represented using these y parameters or some other 2 port parameters, ok. So the other question is why do we have a conductance here? See if you have a current at some pair of terminals proportional to the voltage at the same pair of terminals it has to be a conductance, right or a resistance, ok. So if the picture looks like this you have 2 terminals the voltage here is proportional to current there or the current there is proportional to the voltage here so it means that it means that the equivalent thing is a conductance, ok is the audio not clear, ok. So now let us take an example let us take a simple example. So this is my circuit, this is port 1 and this is port 2. So please find the y parameters of this, ok and then you can give me the answer by typing it into the chat window. First of all please find the value of y11. Again to do this you can recall the definition there are many ways of doing it. First of all you can apply voltages to both sides find all the currents and obviously it will be in this form and you can find these numbers, ok. Alternatively you can use the definitions we came up with earlier that y11 is conductance at port 1 with port 2 short circuited and y21 is transconductance from port 1 to port 2 with port 2 short circuited and so on, ok. So first is please give me the value of y11, there is an answer from Arthi but it does not sound seem to be correct. So please take note of the values correctly. So this is 2 kilo ohms, 2 kilo ohms and 8 kilo ohms and how will you find y11 what will you do to port 2 and one more thing I have to point out which also I have mentioned repeatedly that please try to get a feel for the numbers and always give numbers with units where applicable, ok. We would never say that the distance between Chennai and Bangalore is 360, right it is 360 kilometers. So similarly whenever you have quantities with dimensions you have to include the appropriate unit, ok because if I just say 360 it is not clear if it is 360 kilometers or meters or millimeters or whatever it is, ok. So always give the number with the appropriate unit, ok. So 1 milli moho or usually I prefer to say Zeemans for the unit of conductance. So this is 1 milli Zeemans, ok. How do we get this? You short circuit port 2, once you do that this 8 kilo ohm goes out of the picture it is short circuited and you see that this 2 kilo ohms and that 2 kilo ohms are really in parallel with each other, ok. So looking into 1, 1 prime we have 2 kilo ohm parallel 2 kilo ohm which is a 1 kilo ohm resistance, but Y11 is the conductance. So 1 divided by 1 kilo ohm is 1 milli Zeemans, ok. Similarly now what is Y21? Please find the value of Y21. I mean I jumped to Y21 because it is also measured with port 2 short circuited, ok.  I am not sure how you got it, but that is not correct because if I apply V1 here, now what I have to measure is first of all the current I2 measured in this direction, ok. So keeping this in mind please give me the correct answer, I2 is measured going into the network, ok. By definition that is how I1 and I2 are, I1 and I2 are, ok. What is the value of Y21? So I need not only the correct magnitude, but also the sign, ok. So let us look at this carefully. Here this is short circuited. So all of this V1 appears across this 2 kilo ohms, ok, because port 2 is short circuited. So the voltage here is V1, ok. So a current V1 divided by 2 kilo ohm will flow in this direction, ok. So now what is V1 divided by 2 kilo ohm? It is V1 times 0.5 milli Zeemans, ok. So this is the 8 kilo ohm is not in the picture, ok. So this is short circuited. So if I apply V1 here, all of it appears across this 2 kilo ohm and V1 by 2 kilo ohm flows in this direction, ok. Also this direction is opposite to that of the definition of I2. So what is the value of Y21? It is minus 0.5 milli Zeemans, ok. I hope this calculation is clear. If it is not, please let me know immediately so that I can repeat how to do that, ok. So what is Y21? I apply V1 to port 1 on a short circuit port 2 and I measure the current through the short circuit, ok. So that is the current in port 2 and in this direction going into this terminal 2, ok. So now what is the circuit I have inside this box, ok? So that is the 2 port network and these are the terminals and I apply V1 here and this part is short circuited, ok. So I hope it is very clear that V1 is applied here so the voltage across this is V1 and similarly this is short circuited all the way through. So the voltage across this is 0, right, 8 kilo ohm is connected in parallel with the short circuit and V1 appears across this 2 kilo ohms, ok. So V1 appears across this 2 kilo ohms. Now the current through this 2 kilo ohm resistor is V1 divided by 2 kilo ohms, ok. When it appears at this node it can go either through the 8 kilo ohm or the short circuit. Obviously if you have something in parallel with the short circuit everything will go through the short circuit, ok. This you can easily calculate I mean I see from the current divided theorem. So if you have something across a short circuit all of the current will go through the short circuit, ok. So this V1 by 2 kilo ohm is what close out like that and remember this I2 is what we are trying to measure going into the network, ok. This I2 is what we are trying to measure. So I2 will be minus V1 divided by 2 kilo ohms, ok and this is nothing but Y21 V1, ok. So Y21 is minus 1 by 2 kilo ohms or minus 0.5 milli Siemens, ok. So that is how I get the value of Y21 to be minus 0.5 milli Siemens. This is ok. I think one of you has got the answer of minus 12.5 I think it is some simple numerical error, ok. Now there is a question what is the significance of negative admittance? This is not admittance, ok. We are not looking at voltage at some port divided by the current at the same port or current at some port divided by the voltage at the same port, ok. So that would mean something significant. A negative resistance there means it is generating power. Here if here we are talking about current at port 2 divided by voltage at port 1. This being negative does not have any particular significance, ok. Later I will show how very easily we can make that positive, ok. So with this background you should be able to calculate Y12 and Y22 quite easily as well. So please give me the values Y12 and Y22. So you have to be able to calculate this for any circuit, ok. So again all this requires is the systematic circuit analysis your short circuit port 2 and apply V1 to port 1 then you can calculate Y11 and Y21, your short circuit port 1 apply V2 to port 2 then you can calculate Y12 and Y22, ok. So please give me the values of Y12 and Y22, ok. Please calculate Y12 and Y22, ok. Aarti you have got 0.625 millisiemens, again there is some calculation error. Please make sure that you sorry with this one this is Y22, ok. So yeah Y22 is 0.625, yeah that is correct. So that is the correct answer. What about the value of Y12? So myth has got minus 0.13 millisiemens this is not correct, ok. Please take your answer. Remember Y12 is I1 divided by V2 with port 1 short circuited, ok. No it is negative that is ok but even the number is not correct. The value of Y22 is 0.625 millisiemens that is correct, ok. What is the value of Y12? So to calculate Y12 you have to apply V2 to port 2 and calculate this current flowing in port 1, ok. So again I think Sumit has got it right so it is minus 0.5 millisiemens, ok. So the Y parameters of this network are 1 millisiemens minus 0.5 millisiemens minus 0.5 millisiemens and 0.625 millisiemens, ok. So this and this we already discussed we will look at the other two. To calculate Y22 what we do is we have to short circuit port 1 and apply V2 here, ok. Now you see that this 2 kilo ohm is in parallel with 8 kilo ohm, ok because this is short circuited. So this 2 kilo ohm is in parallel with this 8 kilo ohms, ok. So essentially you see a conductance corresponding to 2 kilo ohm in parallel with 8 kilo ohms, ok. I2 by V2 will be 1 by 2 kilo ohm parallel 8 kilo ohm which is 2 kilo ohm times 8 kilo ohm 2 kilo ohm plus 8 kilo ohms, ok. This is 10 by 16 and you have kilo ohms in the denominator so it is millisiemens. So this is 0.625 millisiemens, ok. And to calculate Y12 what I have to do is to find this current, sorry I1, ok, as a function of V2. I apply V2 and find I1. So again you see that this V2 appears directly here and also because this is short circuited V2 appears here. So the current flowing from right to left through this 2 kilo ohm resistor is V2 by 2 kilo ohms and at this node you have the short circuit and the 2 kilo ohm. So obviously all of the current will go that way. So I1 is minus V2 by 2 kilo ohms which says that Y12 is minus 0.5 millisiemens, ok. So we end up getting this set of Y parameters, ok. So now first of all is the procedure clear to everybody? I think many of you made the mistakes while calculating please avoid that with a little bit of practice you will be able to avoid those things, ok. So please mind the units like kilo ohms and millisiemens and so on and also please mind exactly where the current is flowing, ok. Because when you are short circuited some of the components drop out of the picture. Is this ok? Calculation of Y parameters, ok. Now my question is Y12 and Y21 came out to be exactly equal minus 0.5 millisiemens. So now my question is is this coincidence for this circuit or what do you think it is? So what I am asking is Y12 and Y21 are the same. Now is this a coincidence for this circuit or what is it?  Now that is how we calculated it but actually this is the fundamental property of a resistive network. It does not have to do anything to do with this particular topology, ok. Because we already saw and as one of you answered if you have only resistors that is not just a linear circuit but something that has only a resistors in it, ok. It obeys reciprocity theorem, ok or it is a reciprocal network. Reciprocity can be thought of in different ways when we apply voltages to the two sides or currents to the two sides or voltage to one side and current to the other side. So if you recall this is the terminology we had used. So this is how we evaluated reciprocity. Now the reciprocity result was that I2 by V1 that is you apply a stimulus to the left, find the cause on the right side or and it will be exactly the same as I1 hat divided by V2 hat where you apply a stimulus to the right side and find the effect on the left side, ok. Now if you look at this picture this port 2 is short circuited and you are applying V1 and measuring I2. So clearly this is nothing but Y21, ok. So this is basically measuring Y21 here and similarly here you are short circuiting port 1 and applying V2 hat. So this I1 hat will be nothing but Y12 V2 hat, ok and this number will be Y12. So Y21 will be equal to Y12, ok. So this Y12 being Y21 is a fundamental property of all resistive circuits because if you have a circuit containing only resistives it is going to be reciprocal and Y21 will be equal to Y12. And in fact you can also look at that as a statement of reciprocity. If you are given the do port parameters and if Y21 equals Y12 you call it a reciprocal network and if it is not equal it is a non-reciprocal network, ok. There is a question if the cause and effect are the same that is current or voltage can we apply reciprocity? Now yeah we have evaluated that, right so if you consider the case where we evaluated reciprocity with the right side open circuited or so this corresponds to applying a voltage on the left side measuring the voltage on the right side or applying a current on the right side and measuring a current on the left side. And in this case also reciprocity is true we saw that V2 by V1 equals minus I1 hat by I2 hat, ok. Now this will have an implication of another set of two port parameters, ok. So I hope this is clear. Now let me quickly extend the example. So let me copy this whole thing over here, ok. So this is the result we have got. I will very slightly modify the network. This is just to make sure that you have understood what we have done. Let me say I cross these wires and call this 212 prime, ok. So which parameters will change and how will they change, ok. We have four Y parameters Y11, Y12, Y21, Y22. Now I have the same circuit but I cross these wires, ok. So this is a new circuit but I have taken the old circuit and modified it slightly. So what will be the Y parameters of this? One of the answers is that it is exactly the same as before. Now I have changed the, I mean I have changed the terminals 2 and 2 prime, will it not make any difference? Another way to think about it is that now this is 2 and this is 2 prime, ok. So there is an answer that says diagonal elements will be interchanged. Why is that? So that means that Y11 will become Y22 and Y22 will become Y11. Why will that happen? Another answer says diagonal will be 0. Again why is that? I suggest that you actually do the short circuiting and calculate the parameters, ok. And then you will see immediately what the answer is. And another answer says that Y21 equals minus Y12. Now this is not really possible, right, because for any resistive network we just said that they are reciprocal. So Y21 has to be equal to Y12. They could be different from what it was for the original circuit but even for the new circuit which consists of only resistors Y21 has to be equal to Y12, ok. There is another answer that says sign change, but sign change of which parameters, all of them, some of them, which ones, those which are associated with port 2, no that is not correct, ok. Yeah. So Y12 and Y21 will change sign, ok. So first of all, let us calculate Y11 and Y21, ok. So how do you calculate Y11 and Y21? You short circuit this, ok, which is the same as short circuiting this one. And you apply V1, ok. Now whether you short circuit this way or that way, it is exactly the same circuit, ok. So the current flowing here cannot possibly change, ok. You can do the calculation completely and then verify it, but the current flowing here and there has to be exactly the same because it is the same circuit after all and we are measuring the same current, ok. So this will be 1 millisiemens. Now for Y12, sorry Y21, I have to measure I2, ok. So that is flowing from 2 prime to 2. If you compare to the previous situation, all that has happened is previously I was measuring the current going this way and now I have to measure the current going that way, ok, because of the definition of 2 1, 2 prime, ok. The current will be exactly the same because the circuit is exactly the same, ok. So I2, this blue current I have marked will be minus 0.5 millisiemens times V1 same as before, ok. But in this case, the I2 I am interested in this in the opposite direction. So this will become plus 0.5 millisiemens, ok. Now similarly, you can verify for yourself. First of all, for a resistive circuit, Y12 and Y21 have to be exactly the same. So this is 0.5 millisiemens also, ok, and this you can verify for yourself that it remains the same as before, it is 0.625 millisiemens, ok, is this clear? Now one of the things you would observe, in fact, if you are given a purely resistive circuit, Y12 has to be equal to Y21. This you can even use for a sanity check, right. If you calculate them separately and you find that Y12 has become different from Y21, that means that you have made a mistake in the calculation. By the way, this is for circuits which have only resistors. If you have control sources, the game is different and Y12 and Y21 can be different from each other, ok. So that is one thing. And secondly also, if you have only resistors, both Y11 and Y22 will be positive, ok. So again, let me look at this picture here, where we are calculating Y11, ok. To calculate Y11, we take the ratio of this two, that one. Now let us say inside you have only resistors. So that means that there will be a power loss, ok. Now if I1 by V1 happens to be negative, that means that looking into 11 prime, you have a negative resistance, which generates power, that is not possible, ok. So if you have only resistors in the circuit, it can only dissipate power. So Y11 has to be positive, similarly Y22 also has to be positive, ok. So these are some things that you can use as sanity checks. Y11 and Y22 have to be more than 0 and Y12 equals Y21, ok. Any questions about what we have done so far? Ok. So now instead of applying voltages and finding currents, we can apply I1 and I2, determine V1 and V2 as a result of I1 and I2, ok. As before, if you make I2 equal to 0, then both V1 and V2 will be proportional to I1 because this is a linear network, ok. So with V2 equal to 0, I1 will be, sorry, V1 will be some number, I will call it Z11 times I1 and V2 will be some number Z21 times I1, ok. So this is with I2 equal to 0. Similarly with I1 equal to 0, both V1 and V2 will be proportional to I2, ok. So we will end up with V1 being Z12 times I1 and V2 being Z22 times, sorry, Z12 times I2 and V2 being Z22 times I2. Now if both I1 and I2 are non-zero, by superposition you will get the sum of these things, ok. So here voltages are expressed as some function of currents and these numbers, what will be the dimensions or units of these numbers, Z11, Z12, Z21 and Z22. So clearly you multiply I1 by some number to get a voltage. So these have dimensions of resistance and units of ohms, ok. And again for compact notation you end up using this matrix form, sorry, I have to write V1, V2 as a function of I1, I2 and these are known as Z parameters, ok. Now there is a question, if current direction is opposite what will be V1 and V2? It will be negative of whatever we have here, ok. Now like I said, this V1 and I1 for the two port, ok. So this V1 and I1 and V2 and I2 are chosen with passive sign convention, ok. So if V1 is positive on top, I1 will be flowing into the terminal. Similarly, when V2 is positive on top, I2 will be flowing into that terminal, ok. Now in this case I have applied I1 and I2 in the same direction. So just like previously when I applied these voltage sources, I took upper one to be positive and the lower one to be sorry upper one to be positive in both places, ok. Now that is how these parameters are defined. If you apply an external current which is flowing downwards in both cases it will simply become negative that is all, ok. So these are known as Z parameters, ok. Now in the next lecture we can discuss this in some more detail. I will quickly introduce two more parameter sets and we can close today's lecture. We have applied voltage sources on both sides or current sources on both sides. It is also possible to do a hybrid, ok. That is I apply a current I1 on the left side and I apply a voltage V2 on the right side, ok. Then I will measure the two unknowns which is V1 and I2, ok. So the reason to have all these choices is that there are some practical situations where one or the other is convenient, ok. So in this case if V2 is 0, ok, then both V1 and I2 will be proportional to I1, ok. V1 will be something times I1 and this is denoted by the letter H, H11 times I1 and I2 will be H21 times I1 and if I1 is 0 both V1 and I2 will be proportional to V2, ok. So we will have H12 times V2 and H22 times V2 as V1 and I2 and if both I1 and V2 are non-zero, you will end up having the superposition of the two, ok. So and these are known as H parameters, ok. So please think about the dimensions of these numbers, dimensions or units of these numbers. Similarly, the fourth alternative is to have V1, apply V1, apply I2 and measure V2 and I1. In this case again when I2 is 0, both I1 and V2 will be proportional to V1, ok. So I1 will be some number G11 times V1 and V2 will be some number G21 times V1 and when I1 is 0, sorry V1 is 0, I1 and V2 will be proportional to I2. So we will have G12 I2 and G22 I2, ok and these are known as G parameters. So in this case also, please think about the dimensions and units of these four numbers, ok because now we have in some cases current and some other case voltage and so on, ok. So please think about these things, we will continue from here in the next lecture. Now there is a question I guess this refers to this previous one where I have I1 upwards and I2 downwards or something, the corresponding term will become negative, ok. So this formulation is for the two port, as V1 and I1 and V2 and I2 define this way for the two port, ok. So if the externally applied currents, so let me change the notation so that it is not confusing IA and IB, ok. So if you make IA downwards I1 will be minus IA, so that is what will come here, but this definition is assuming the passive sign convention for the two port network, ok. With that this V1 will be like this and I1 will be flowing into the plus sign, V2 will be like that and I2 will be flowing into the plus sign. So that is how the parameters are defined. This is similar to if you have, this is similar to the passive sign convention for any component. If you have a resistor, we apply V like this and current going into the positive terminal of this voltage and take the ratio of V by I, that is the resistance, ok. So we do not take IA going that way. Similarly, this is by convention, we use the passive sign convention for the two port network, ok. So if there are any questions I will answer them otherwise we will stop here and then continue with the other parameters in the next lecture, ok. So in the meanwhile I will encourage you to calculate the Z parameters of this network, ok. You calculate the Z parameters of this and see how it is related to the Y parameters of the same network, ok. So it appears that there are no questions, I will see you next week, ok.


Last Monday, we spoke about the case of Emanuella Orlandi, a young girl who, in 1983, vanished in Rome, Italy. This young girl lived at the Vatican. She was a citizen of Vatican City. What transpired right after her disappearance took people on a whirlwind. But the biggest conspiracy of all is one that is still believed by her brother to that the Vatican was behind her disappearance. Well, did you know that 40 days before Emanuella Orlandi disappeared, another girl also went missing? And it is believed that this girl and Emanuella were both allegedly taken by the Vatican. But before we go any further, you know what to do. Please hit that subscribe button and give us a like. As always, thank you, thank you, thank you to all of our producers and our patrons. Without you guys, we truly could not do what we do. Your support allows us to do things like buy lights and buy books when we need to buy books. And just so you guys watching know, every month I am taking a part of the Patreon money and putting it to the side to eventually get a much bigger system so we could do even more videos. If you are at the producer level of our patrons and you have not sent me any businesses that you want me to market for you on this channel, then please go ahead and do so. My email address again is down in the description box below. And if you are at the $10 and up level and have not sent in an idea for a story, please do so as well. Welcome to Esoteric Atlanta. My name is Bryce and today on part two of this Mystery Monday, we're going to be talking about the disappearance of Mirella Gregory. I ran across Mirella Gregory while I was researching Emanuella or Landy. Unfortunately, there's not as much information about Mirella as there was about Emanuella. I believe this is because Emanuella's disappearance came later. And the reason why Emanuella's disappearance had more coverage was because of her family's ties to the Vatican. However, these two girls were the same age, were both Italian, and in my opinion were both the exact same reason.  I'm going to actually pull up websites and articles and go through everything with you. You can't talk about Mirella Gregory's disappearance without Emanuella or Landy's disappearance as well because the two do seem to be connected. Now I wanted to divide the girls up in order to give them each their due respect. So this is what we know before we start looking at some of these suspicions and conspiracies. Mirella Gregory was born on October 7th of 1967 in Rome, Italy. She too was 15 years old when she disappeared. Her disappearance, as I said in the beginning, was 40 days before the disappearance of Emanuella or Landy. And this happened on May 7th of 1983. Now if you did not watch part one before tuning into this episode, I would highly highly highly suggest that you go back and watch part one before continuing with this episode. The link to that video will be down in the description box below. This is because some of the theories around Emanuella's disappearance that are also a part of Mirella's disappearance are pretty complicated and complex. We're not going to take the time to go through who some of these people are in this episode because we already did it in the part one episode. So please go back and watch that first if you have not. According to Mehmet Ali Agka, who again was a primary suspect in Emanuella or Landy's disappearance, well not him himself but his organization, claims that both girls were taken by the Grey Wolves, which was a party that he was affiliated with, to use both of the girls as a trait. Again, Mehmet Ali Agka was in prison in Italy because he attacked Pope in St. Peter's Square in 1981. Allegedly these two girls were taken so that the Grey Wolves, the party that Mehmet was a part of, would then trade with the Vatican, right? Like we'll give you these girls if you give us back Mehmet. Now Mirella, who was first, she would not have been as powerful of a trade as Emanuella simply because Emanuella's family, the Orlando family, lived in Vatican City with the Pope and were close to the Pope. Mirella Gregori did not live in Vatican City but lived in Rome. In fact, according to some of my resources, I found out that Mirella Gregori's parents were bar owners in Italy. Now if you remember from last week, Mehmet Ali Agka did in fact state later on in his life that the Vatican was behind both the attempted assault of Pope John Paul II as well as the abducted two girls. We also had the story of an elderly exorcist that claimed that Emanuella or Landy was killed for basically ritualistic abuse at the Vatican. Now back in the 80s, 90s, early 2000, this might have been completely shocking because we weren't privy to everything that actually happens at the Vatican and we do know that this is a legitimate concern. Mirella Gregori, her apartment happened on May 7th of 1983. According to her family, she had a date that night. The last thing they saw of her was her getting in the car to go on this particular date and then they never saw her again. Now then again, once Emanuella had been killed a few months later, the whole Turkish narrative came out with the gray wolves wanting to do some type of exchange. However, later on, we had the claims that the Vatican was behind it. And on December 15th of 1983, a glimpse into this being a reality for Mirella's family happened because on December 15th, the Pope went to go visit a Rome parish.  This guy that's hanging out in the Pope's entourage was recognized by Mirella's mother as the man, the grown-ass man, who picked up her 15-year-old daughter for a date the night that she vanished. Now, this man was allegedly Raul Berrielli. There's not a whole lot of information on him. Frankly, I don't think we really need that much information on him because it does seem that this again leads back to the Vatican. So without further ado, we're going to look at some websites and go through some conspiracies together. And I do have to apologize because this is the very first time I've learned how to actually share the screen with you guys so we can look at these websites together. So it might look a little sloppy. Hopefully as time goes on, I will get better at this. So this is the first website that we're going to look at together. And I'm going to place all the links to these websites down in the description box below at the end of this video so that you too can go back over this if you want to do a deep dive yourself. So again, this is called WebScoots. So this is people just like you and me. We're trying to figure out what happened. And we're not actually detectives. So let's go through this. So Italy, Mirella Gregory, 15 Rome, 7th of May, 1983. Okay. So Mirella Gregory, born the 7th of October, 1967, mysteriously disappeared from Rome in May of 1983 about 40 days before the disappearance of Emanuello Orlandi, a citizen of Vatican City. Both vanishings are unsolved as of today. So we're going to get into international events. And this goes back into the whole theory of the gray wolves. Again, if you have not seen part one, please watch that before continuing in this video or else this might not make sense. Gregory's disappearance took place during the Cold War. Both the Gregory and the Orlandic case led to the gray wolves, an extremist Turkish group claiming to be involved in demanding the release of Mahat Ali Agka. Don't know why it looks like that, but it's Agka. And wounded Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Square on May 13th of 1981. According to Mahat Ali Agka's autobiography, the two girls' disappearance, as well as the disappearance of Soviet journalist Olga G. Bit off, I hope I'm saying that right for the Russians listening and I can do a deep dive into her as well if y'all want me to, from the Venice Film Festival on September 9th, the same years are closely linked. Circumstances of disappearance. In different releases of 1983 and 1984, the organization of extreme right Turkish gray wolves claimed to cherish both girls. And I'm going to stop right there for a minute in my deep dive into the gray wolves. I can't say a whole, whole lot because of censorship, but what I know of the gray wolves, and now granted, I myself was born in 1983, so I don't have obviously memories of them existing and being really active in the 70s. Now, they're supposed to be like an organization that claims to be almost. And I know I'm going to have to bleep some of these words out in the editing process. However, I'm going to put the words on the screen so you know what I'm saying, just because censorship is real. This group reminds me, in my opinion, reminds me a lot of ancestors, but for those of us who are smart and have common sense, right, seems to be the gray wolves were possibly of their day, although they came from Turkey. All right. So actually, the story is more complex. According to a statement by the former officer of the Stasi, the Secret Service of East Germany, Gunter Bonsak, a journalist with the daily La Republica, would be the service of East Germany together with those from Bulgaria and the Soviet KGB to use operative or landy, which has been linked to Gregory. Again, the two girls are linked fabricating false, false communicated from different acronyms, including Turkish front connected to gray wolves just to divert the parallel investigation on the Bulgarian connection. For the attempt on Giovanni Palo II, I hope I'm saying his name right. So now for those, again, if you remember from last week, we know that basically controlled by this global shadow government, I apologize. I know a lot of words are going to be censored, but again, I think you guys understand why, but I think this is really important for us to look at. So we, with manipulated people that will go out and in order to turn us into a, well, it looks like from what Mehmet Ali Adka claimed later on in the timeline was that the Vatican was also kind of in control allegedly of the gray wolves as well, which makes sense because we know the three anchors of our Vatican city, London and Washington DC. So that makes sense to me, how all these different narratives could legitimately be pointing to the same thing. And that is that these two girls were up 800 million, excuse me, 8 million children go missing each year. And sadly, most of those children are never found again. Now we know exactly what happened to these kids. All right. In fact, they have never surfaced concrete elements that could collaborate any link between the disappearance of Mirella and that of Emanuella or Landy. So this is people trying to claim that they're not connected, whereas I believe they're totally connected, nor has it ever been. However, certain weather behind the disappearances of Orlando will be directed by some other person nor related. The two girls despite being the same age, were not known or had any acquaintances in common and that's totally fine. They don't have to have any acquaintances in common in order to be taken for the same purpose, you know. And again, this article was obviously written long before. We know what we know now. So here we go. Mirella Gregori, youngest daughter of the owners of a bar via Valterno Rome at the time was 15 was just, so he was 15 was described by all as a completely normal girl and profitably studied at technical school in the capital. On the day of the disappearance, she regularly went to school and came home around 14. Having entertained some time in a bar, near her home together with her friends, the later to clear that she and Mirella had talked of this and that could not provide any other information. Back home, Mirella was called on the telephone by a so-called friend named Sandro, whose request to leave would have exclaimed, if I do not say who you are, do not go down. And then take time and propose to see each other around that would be three o'clock in the afternoon for the Americans, 100 hours, three o'clock. At that time, the girl actually came out and said to his mother that he had an appointment at the moment to the soldier of Porta Pia with an old classmate who, however, that afternoon was busy elsewhere. Since then, the family has had no news of the girl. It seems that shortly before the disappearance, Mirella had boasted with the mother to be able to find the money needed to purchase an apartment and that his parents could not afford. However, this output was dismissed as an adolescence bravado. The mother of Mirella during a Papal visit to Rome parish of St. Joseph, December 15th, excuse me, my note said 1983. That's butch. They're saying 1985. So it's either the year of her daughter's disappearance or a couple of years after recognize a man of the Vatican security as part of the escort, Raul Bonnarelli, a person who often had his daughter and her friend in the bar close to home. So this man obviously knew the family. She recognized them. And in my research, I obviously told you guys in the beginning that she recognized him as the man who picked up her daughter that night to go on her date, right? As reported by a document slide of the 31st of October in 1983 published novel by journalist Tommaso Nelly on I don't know what that says. Y'all can read it right there. The daughter of the bar manager is located at the time under the house of Greg Borey would be the identity of the current Mirella man who convinced to follow him although they had not had had in hand for more than a year after its acquaintance. So this kind of sounds like this was written probably translated into English. So that's why it might sound a little jumbly. So again, to date the case of Mirella, Greg Borey remains open and unsolved suspects. So again, here is the suspects. During a visit of the Pope to the Rome parish and again the Pope at this time was Pope John Paul II. On the 15th of December 1985, Greg Borey's mother recognized a man in the Papal escort as the person who came to pick up her daughter at the house. The man was identified as Raul Bonarelli. If we click on the name, this takes us to Wikipedia and of course Wikipedia is not the best resource for research. But as you can see, there's not a whole lot on him. I did try to do a deep dive into that go and could not really find a whole lot of information on him as well. So again, to me in my opinion, this isn't super, super, super important because we know he's part of the Papal escort and we know from claims of our exorcist friend that they did this for their own ritualist, ABUSC that they do in these organizations that it just seems like she was also taken by the Vatican. All right, so let's look.  We're going to look actually, let's look at this first. So in that article we just led, in that article that we just read, it was kind of claiming that maybe there wasn't as much of a connection between the two girls as some of the conspiracies were saying, right? But I think that there is a connection and so does Immanuella Orlandi's parents. Now again, Immanuella Orlandi was the girl we spoke about last week. All right, so Pope Francis. So this is the Pope that is the Pope today. Yeah, so Pope Francis, and this is from a mainstream media article, guys. This is mainstream media is even releasing this information. So that's a pretty big deal of the NBC news for those who don't live in America. NBC is one of our big news organization. So Pope Francis can help solve the mystery of missing Immanuella Orlandi, the brother says, over the years, if I can get out of here. Okay, we're just going to have to ignore that video. Over the years, her case has been linked to everything from the plot, St. John Paul II to the Vatican's Bank financial scandal, which again, we went through that last week as well, the financial scandal. So this article was released on November 1, 2018, couple or three years ago, definitely during the Great Awakening as we've now called it. So Rome, the brother of a teenager who vanished in 1983, sparking a decades-long mystery that has gripped Italy, believes Pope Francis knows what happened to her. So Pope Francis was not the Pope in 1983. Again, that was a Pope John Paul II. So that says that this is definitely a cover-up by the Vatican if the current Pope is aware of what happened to Immanuella and possibly Mariela Gregori. So Pietro Orlandi said the truth needs to come out about Immanuella Orlandi who disappeared aged 15 after leaving the family's Vatican City apartment to go to a music lesson. Their father was a lay employee of the Holy See. Yes, again, we went through that last week. Over the years, her case has been linked to everything from the plot, St. John Paul II to the Vatican's Bank financial scandal and Rome's criminal underworld. Speculations about her fate was renewed late Tuesday when human bones were found under the flooring during renovation work at the Vatican's embassy to Italy close to Rome's Villa Borghesee Park. Now, we talked about that last week as well. There have actually been lots of bones that have been found in the Vatican City and none of them have turned out to be Immanuella or Mariela Gregori. Rome's chief prosecutor has been called in and forensic experts are working to determine the age and gender of the bones as well as the date of the death. Immigration has also been launched. Now, we know some of the remains have had of like a Roman lady from the second and third century, right? So not at all anybody that is around today, okay? The ANSA news agency reported that prosecutors were focusing on whether the remains could be linked to either Orlando who disappeared on the 22nd of June 1983 or another 15 year old girl, Mariela Gregori, who went missing a month earlier in Rome on May 7th, 1983. Pietro Orlando said the possibility of the bones being his sister was painful because he maintains that she could be alive unless a body is found. So that's him today. If Immanuella's bones really were found here at the Vatican Embassy, the truth needs to come out after 35 years of silence and coverups. Big word there, right? That word coverups, right? Coverups. Again, her brother has always maintained that the Vatican was behind his sister's disappearance. He told NBC News clearly these 35 years weighed heavily on the Vatican's image because there must be something unspeakable, something unspeakable. And the story, again, exactly what our little exorcist friend said last week where he flat out said these girls were used. I know I have to bleep those words out, but it is what it is, okay? He has long campaigned for Vatican City and Rome authorities to reopen the investigation into her disappearance and has met Pope Francis to plead his case. Pope John Paul II, Pope Ratzinger, Pope Francis. I am convinced. So this was the guy between John Paul. Y'all remember that guy? I am convinced that they knew what happened. He said referring to Pope Benedict by his surname. So he didn't even give this guy enough respect to call him by his pope name. He called him by his actual name. Maybe now they can understand that this story will never go away. Those are powerful words. And us on the truth side of this, and the great, great awakening, you best believe this will never go away until the truth comes out, right? We're not, once you see it, you can't unsee it. Once you hear it, you can't unhear it. Once you learn it, you can't unlearn it. There's no way.  Again, Mehed Ali Akka. The last major twist in his case came in 2012 when forensic police exhumed the body of a reputed mobster from the crypt of the Roan Basilica in hopes of finding Orlando's, Orlando's remains as well. The search turned up no link. Again, we spoke about that last week too. A document last year that had been stolen from a locked Vatican cabinet that suggested the Holy See had been involved in Orlando's disappearance. Oh, wow, look at that, you guys. Document last year that had been stolen from a locked Vatican cabinet suggested that the Holy See, so the Pope had been involved in Orlando's disappearance. The Vatican immediately branded the document a fake, though it had never explained what it was doing in the Vatican cabinet. Like, do they think we're stupid? As Tamara says, as Tamara says, hello, comments. Do they think we're stupid? Do they think we're stupid?  The Vatican is one of the most secure places in the world. I've been there. Super, super, super secure. So why would there be a fake document locked away in a Vatican cabinet talking about how the Pope, in this case, Pope John Paul II, had been involved in these girls' disappearance? Doesn't make sense. The document was reportedly written by a cardinal and listed supposes expenses used for Orlando's upkeep after she disappeared. So we know that she was kept alive for a while. The Vatican has repeatedly said it will fully cooperate with investigators. Of course, it'll fully cooperate investigators. This was 2018. Even the investigators were dirty. Religion, it's all the governments. It's all the... It's not just America. It's the whole world.  They're all corrupt. And even if there's somebody in this task force who isn't corrupt, they're being, like, by really, really powerful people. Above all, we need to establish the period of death before we jump to conclusions. Greg Burke, the Vatican spokesman, told the Guardian Wednesday the outcome of the investigation isn't anything that will be known in a few days. It will take some time.  Okay? So that was Emanuel Orlandy's brother. Again, he has been, like, the forefront of really trying to expose this corruption in the Vatican.  This, I thought, was super interesting because some new evidence came to light. And I don't have anything to back up any. This is just people randomly or anonymously posting things they know. So some of this stuff might not be correct, but some of it seems very interesting. So on October 31st, 2018, someone posted. It seemed the remains were found in the Vatican embassy in Italy that may belong to one of the two girls who disappeared in 1983. 1983, excuse me. It has not only been an unsolved mystery, but also one of the several ramifications, including possible retaliation with this John Paul II, the bank and Brozia and the Vanda della Magdalena member, Enrico de Pettis. And again, I don't speak Italian, so I apologize if I did not say this correct. We talked about this last week where they pulled up this guy's grave to see if her bones were in there, but they were not. And these obviously were not related to these two girls we now know. So here we go. Now, this is where things get really interesting. It looks like it's at the same person. Yeah, the same person then posted the next day, November 1, 2018, there isn't so much information about Morella, Gregory, and that's true, there isn't. But there is a fine documentary with real audio tapes and footage about Orlando. Only it is an Italian called Scamparisi speciali, Emanuella, or Landi. It seems Enrico's mistress, Sabrina Mindardi, declared the girl had been killed by Enrico's man, men by order of Archbishop Markincus. I think he's an American. We're gonna, yeah, I have him up right here because the girl's father had been, had seen compromising documents, okay? Menardi's version is mentioned around the 37 minute, 10 second mark of the documentary. The girls were in Enrico's organization. Benda, Della, Magdalena is also accused of attacks against the Vatican to force the restitution of the money they had lent to the Vatican Bank. Through their bank, it's risk being more bad news for the Vatican. And let's go ahead and look at this Archbishop. So basically this, what we would call mafia guys, girlfriend or mistress rather, saw new because the Vatican, let's see if I can explain this from how I understand it. The Vatican had been doing dirty deals with this organization, this mafioso organization. They had been borrowing money from them. They were kind of in bed together. And so these gangsters from what I understand allegedly knew these higher ups of the Vatican pretty well. So of course, and they were familiar with like Orlandy's father who worked for the Pope. And so this mistress of this gangster is claiming that Orlandy's father who worked for the Pope saw something he should not have seen by this Archbishop. Again, allegedly, well, he's no longer with this anymore. So it probably doesn't matter. Paul Markincus, okay? And so he was an American archbishop to the Roman Catholic Church and president of the Vatican Bank from 1971 to 1983. Now, if y'all remember from last week, one of the anonymous callers that called the Orlandy's house line, Orlandy's house line had an American accent, right? And so could it possibly be that they were kind of killing two birds with one stone? Here the father of this girl had seen something he was not supposed to see. I'm kind of like that saying, I could tell you, but if I do, I have to kill him. We saw something he wasn't supposed to see. So they needed to silence him, but they also allegedly possibly in the meantime, use these girls for their, they hold at the Vatican all the time. We know about that. There's a Lucifer room right under the Vatican. Yeah. All right, let's go down here. Same person a little bit later that day. There are other versions that include such as dude from last week that was saying that these girls were the eyes wide shut.  Okay, all for Lucifer. All right, so here we go. November 4th, 2018, the same post or post of the article, the Orlandy code contains a curious episode related to this. This is true. After the mass, Francis stood at the exit and warmly greeted every person who left. He took Maria's hand and said, Emanuella is in heaven. And then he greeted Pietro. So this is Emanuella's mother. And then that's Emanuella's brother who recall saying to the pontiff until there is proof to the contrary, I live in hope that she's alive and I hope you will help me find the truth and answer the Pope repeated she is in heaven. It also contains a description of how the presumed took place showing how young girls should be careful about being lured by promises of contracts and modeling careers and not assumed because a person is well dressed and has a good car that he or she is honest. And we remember Emanuella or Landy was allegedly lured away by the promise of being a makeup consultant for Avon. So obviously Pope Francis knows something if he keeps telling the brother and his mother that she is in heaven that basically means she's dead, right? So again, later on the same post or posts post also the specialist in this documentary debate in NICMA and is difficult to understand because it is an Italian that's the problem I've been running into. There's a lot of stuff out there but it's all in Italian and the translations aren't that great. So that's what's really hard for those of us who don't speak Italian. So if you're watching and you are Italian maybe you could fill us in do some digging for us and I can bring you on the channel and you can like tell us more about what you found, all right? So if you are Italian and you're watching and you're willing to do that contact me and let me know. So you suggest that around minute 1940 seconds of the police calls mentioning a girl named Barbara with the similar traits of her Landy could have been a form of disinformation. Okay. So the Italian Wikipedia has much more information. Could it be that the father, Gabriel, Armoth's version in that mendarity are compatible with each other? That's what I was saying earlier, right? That the the Archbishop that Immanuel's father seeing something he wasn't supposed to that involved this conspiracy to cover up with this crime organization in the Vatican was seen by Immanuel's father and also on the flipside they needed to have some girls for their on the above documentary the criminal criminalist Francesca Bruno seems to tell something about using a bigger case to hide a smaller one. So maybe all the internal conspiracy scenarios were only meant as a coverup. I know I'm going to have to believe that word out. This half of this video is going to be believed out because I just can't talk around some of these words to get the point across but I know you guys totally understand why we have to do that. If I don't do that for those who don't understand I don't do that. It could be really bad for this channel. So according to an investigative track, Immanuel or Landy would would probably going to have to believe all of this out guys. Yeah, we all could read along, right? A Vatican double matter of a seven a foreign embassy to the Holy See would have been involved. Other investigators refer to a track leading to bar according to father Gabriel and and more. Okay. So this is the exorcist the young Immanuel or Landy in the interview the exorcist states the following as also declared my Mon sure Simone Duke the Vatican archivist parties were organized in which the Gendarmerie of the Holy See was involved as a recruiter of girls. I think Immanuel is the victim of that tour. I never believed in the international track. I have reason to believe also involved was a diplomatic staff of a foreign embassy to the Holy See. Okay. So that's what I think that is basically what I believe as well. I did want to check out one more thing. I want to see what this is the Orlando code. See what we see here. Okay. So let's go ahead and this is from the Toronto star the Orlando code the mafia the communist spies the Pope and the twisted mystery of a kid for the first Sunday mass of his pontiff on the cloudy day in March of 2013 Pope Francis gave a sermon on the healing wonders of mercy and he called the Lord's most powerful message. It was an almost giddy time for Catholics after years of scandal and infighting that shamed the Roman Catholic Church history's first Latin American Pope held the promise of a new era and the Pope's presence that Sunday of St. Anna 16th century Church in Vatican City Maria Orlandie and her son Pietra shared in the Great Experience if anyone deserves mercy it's the Orlandie family Maria's 15 year old daughter Emanuella disappeared in 1983 the victim of one of Italy's most enduring mysteries for a country steeped in corruption conspiracy and scandal the saga of this young Vatican citizen with the love of music has an absorbing hold her missing person's poster a beaming girl with an AS from a scooter team headband resonates like a cultural icon the symbol of justice denied of of intrigues passionately debated and never fully revealed the latest judicial investigation headed by Rome's high-profile public prosecutor Gina Carlo Campaldo will report by the years in for Maria Orlandie only certain it will provides will bring relief three decades of no sign of life from the beloved daughter of as hearty enough but when the disappeared is linked to cold so basically this art article is going through everything that we have already talked about so anyway hopefully that was good for you guys to look through all these articles once again I will post all of these articles down in the description box below I'm really sad that there's not a whole lot about Morella Gregory because I believe that every human life has value and every human life it deserves to be shared independently of each other but it does seem that Emanuella Orlandie and Morella Gregory will forever be intertwined together in their stories now once again if there's somebody listening out there that can speak Italian can read Italian and wants to look at some of these other resources that people like me who don't speak Italian really can't decipher and you want to come on the show and talk about your findings I would love that so please please I do wish these families a bunch of peace I know that you guys watching you're probably just as angry as I am what this group of people this elite group of people has done to humanity for thousands of years is horrific and once we move into this new awakening we will never allow this type of stuff to happen again every human life is valuable every human life was created by God no human being should ever have to go through what these girls went through alright guys I'm going to end it here just because I don't know how to close out of this without not saving it to go back to my regular camera if that makes sense again I'm still learning how to do all the email stuff with you guys so hopefully I'll get better at it as time goes on I hope you guys are having a really really really good day again thank you to Josh McCabe for doing our music if you would like to purchase the full opening song there is a link down in the description box below and thank you to Todd Roderick for helping me get out get this video out to you guys today I'll talk to you soon bye


When the Narcissist becomes obsessed, the Narcissist will obsess over certain people, people who they may not even know, they will attach themselves until those other people choose to disengage. But Narcissists cannot deal with rejection, they cannot deal with being dismissed or refused. So then they start a smear campaign, they start saying horrible things about that person to other people. You may try to disconnect from the Narcissist, but they use victim playing as an excuse for their behaviour, which never justifies what they do. They're just getting emotional because you don't want to deal with them, because you've figured them out, because you've realised what they really are. But without your knowledge, they have created this relationship in their minds, in their minds you're together, because they've lost contact with reality. They have these delusions, they have these false beliefs about you, and they cannot cease to support their way of thinking and feeling about you.  Because they have these fantasies in their minds of who they think you are, and what they think you're going to be for them. But it never becomes a reality, so they start to create disturbance. They're chasing after you, even though you want nothing to do with them, they're making it seem like it's more than what it is. As though they're deeply involved with you, as though they know you so well, when you don't even know who they are, you may have just seen them a few times.  Because they're completely delusional, they can't escape their own fantasy, that they have created in their mind, which makes it difficult for you to escape them.  Which is not normal behaviour. Because a normal person doesn't like something, they're not going to keep going back to it. But the narcissist will return to the very things they say are not good, because there is something wrong with them. Which is why they're not going to stop.  They can't move on, because they're becoming progressively worse, from not being able to control you. Or be an influence in your life, because you don't want anything to do with them, and you can not just be friendly with them. Because they have these fantasies in their mind, so they're going to want all or nothing. You can't just be happy to accept the situation or suggestion, you can't try to be friends. You have to completely disengage from them, because they don't want to slice for the pie. They want it all or nothing. So being friendly is not going to be good enough for them. Especially if you have already rejected them, they will be lurking in the shadows. They will be spying on you, because there's these feelings and memories in their mind. Which causes them to think that they're missing out on something, and there's nothing they can do to stop it. They have issues with everyone they come across, they can never be in agreement with anyone. Because they're giving their attention to these unusual thoughts, which causes them to take inappropriate action. It causes them to be very unsociable. Whether not enjoying or making an effort, to behave sociably in the company of other people. Whether not inclined by nature to a feeling of friendship, or to the enjoyment of talking to someone. Instead they behave in a wild and uncontrolled way, because they were raised without cultivation or care. Which will result in them rejecting people who may desire friendship. But then they will stalk and harass people, who are rejecting them. People who are just trying to get away, because they're making these agreements in their mind, that you are unaware of. But then they expect you to fulfill this agreement, which they never brought to your attention. So for this reason, they may become obsessed with you. They may continue to spy on you. But now that you have this information, it should make it easier for you to deal with them. Thank you.


Hi friends, welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome. If you're new here, my name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and it is time for my November favorites. I have a lot of favorites for you. I have a ton of WW food favorites, foam favorites, beauty favorites. I have a lot. So if you're excited, give this video a big thumbs up, subscribe. If you're not, turn your bell on because I do a favorites every month. And I actually upload five videos every single week. Check out the description box down below where you will find nutrition coaching. Highly recommend it for yourself for a gift, personalized macros and calories, as well as one-on-one coaching for accountability, to ask questions or talk with me directly. I will link all of my favorites down below for you. Everything that isn't purchased at your local grocery store will be linked down below for you. If I have any discounts, I will put all of that information in the description box as well, along with links and discounts to my other favorite things and come join our Facebook group. We would love to have you. So let's jump into this huge, huge November favorites. I have one home favorite for you. So I thought we would start off with that. And that is the shower caddy. Now I didn't use this in my shower. I actually use this for storage in my office, right behind me in my closet. This shower caddy is amazing for storage, whether you use it in your shower, your kitchen, or like me in a closet in your office. This was such a great find on Amazon. This is from the budget and good store. This is a two-piece shower caddy. It has suction cups, which are amazing.  As you'll see, I actually have them sticking on the wall in my closet. They stick obviously great in a shower, whether it's a shower surround or tile. Again, you can use this anywhere in your kitchen, really anywhere in your home. I also thought that it would be a great thing to have in a laundry room or a place where maybe you store pet products like leashes, poop bags, that kind of thing. It would be great for that. They actually hold up to 44 pounds, which is much higher than other shower caddies on the market. They're super easy to install. No drills, no tools. You literally stick the suction cup to the wall, wait five seconds, press the center button, which is basically a vacuum and will exhaust any air and maintain the vacuum tight seal. You can use this anywhere. It's not just for smooth non-porous walls, but you can use this on uneven walls and the corner shelves are widely used in bathrooms, kitchens, living rooms, and other places. It has super fast drainage, air drying design. The suction cup shower caddy has a bottom drain hole design that the water just flows through, so not only does it drain effectively, but it dries quickly. It's waterproof and durable, allowing for long-term use in wet environments. It's space-saving because it does fit in the corner. There's little fence hooks at the front of the shower basket, which makes it convenient to hang small items like brushes, bath balls, ropes, necklaces, bracelets, etc. You can keep everything neatly organized and free up a lot of space. For me, this worked really well in my closet because it allowed for additional storage. I can't typically store things on the wall, but because I had this caddy, I was able to actually store things up above my typical storage. So they came in really handy. I think I'm actually going to pick up some more sets. They're super affordable. You can pick them up right off of Amazon. I will link them down below, and right now they're on sale on Amazon. This shower caddy is pretty amazing for anywhere in the home. Lots of uses, really, really nice quality, and honestly, those suction cups are incredible. They will suction to anything and stay, and I love that it holds up to 44 pounds. That's pretty amazing. Now, let's jump into WW Foods because, like I said, I have a lot of WW Foods and new to me items that I've tried in the month of November and that I am loving. Let's start with devotion. So I used to use devotion protein powder all the time, and then I kind of got away from it, and now I'm back into it, especially for baking. Out of all of the protein powders that I've used, devotion is hands down the best for baking. It is just so versatile when it comes to making waffles or baked goods. I've made little cakes with these muffins. I actually just made protein waffles in my meal prep, and they just released this little sampler back, and this is pretty great. You actually get two packets of five different flavors of protein. Each packet is one serving, so it's individual. It's pre-portioned out, and you're able to try out all of the different flavors of devotion protein. Find your favorites, and then you can purchase them in the big tub, and the pack comes with a recipe card. So there's actually a recipe card for all of the flavors in the protein sampler pack. I actually ordered a few of these packs just to kind of get back into devotion. Figure out what my favorite flavors are, especially when it comes to baking, and everything has been amazing. Their buttery blend makes such good biscuits, and if you love to ingredient dough, you definitely need to use this because it's going to add even more protein to what's already into ingredient dough. So I have really re-fallen in love with devotion. I've been using it a lot. You've seen it a lot in my videos, and I have just been baking up a storm with my devotion protein powder. It also makes really good protein pudding, protein coffee. I mean, anything you would use a protein powder in, you can use devotion. So I've been loving it, and I think this little sampler pack is really a game changer, and just allows you to try out all of the different flavors. I do have a discount for devotion, so again, I'll link it down below for you. Now I got these at Costco, and these are so good. This flavor is the best flavor that I've tried. These are the heavenly hunks, and these are the organic cranberry and white chip. They make actually a really great dessert. They make a great pre- or post-workout snack, or just anytime during the day. This is what they look like. So they are really good size. Nice and thick little squares. They're so good. I love this cranberry white chocolate so much. Each one of these is 130 calories. So again, it's a perfect little pick-me-up snack, and it's absolutely delicious. So during Black Friday, I actually placed a huge net-trition order. You guys know that I love net-trition, especially the fiber gourmet pasta. That is where I always buy it. They have the biggest selection in the best price. I also am obsessed with the fiber gourmet flour, the fiber gourmet crackers, but I picked up a few new things from net-trition that I love. One of them is a fiber gourmet cracker, again that I kind of forgot about. I've purchased these in the past and really like them. These are the fiber gourmet thinnables. So this is the everything. I also picked up this cinnamon one, kind of the sweet one. You can have 17 crackers for only 70 calories. There's four grams of protein and 12 grams of fiber. I love these dipped in cottage cheese. I love these maize with laughing cow cheese. I love these crackers dipped in tuna fish. This is the size of them and you get 17 of them for 70 calories. Amazing. And they taste really good. They're super crunchy and you get that really good everything bagel taste. I love all the fiber gourmet crackers. I actually shared the other just traditional cracker in last month's favorite and I bought like six boxes of them when I placed my net-trition order, but I'm glad that they rediscovered the thinnables because I really like these. They're just a good thick crunchy cracker. Great for dipping. Another fiber gourmet product that I used to buy all the time and kind of forgot about and then refill whom I'm with is the fiber gourmet mac and cheese. If you love macaroni and cheese, you need this in your life. I used this in my meal prep about a week ago and made taco mac and cheese. Troy loved it. He had no idea that it was fiber gourmet mac and cheese. The flavor of this is really good. Less artificial cheese than craft, but still like super, super cheesy. 57% less calories than traditional mac and cheese. So for a serving unprepared is only 140 calories. Prepared is 150. All I did is use water. I didn't add any butter, any milk. I just used water to mix in the cheese powder packet that comes in here. So mine ended up being one cup of macaroni and cheese for only 140 calories. You're also going to get eight grams of protein and 24 grams of fiber. This is delicious. Absolutely delicious. This is my last box. I will 100% be buying more. Another product I love from Netrition. Now I bought these in my Netrition haul as well. This is my last one. I have heard mixed reviews on these. These are the legendary pastries. These are like the protein version of a pop tart. This is the brown sugar cinnamon. I had the berry one a couple of days ago. It is pretty darn good. I threw it in the microwave for about 10 seconds. The pastry itself and the filling is really good. I wish there was more filling, but the taste of the filling is really good. The frosting on top for me was only okay. It definitely had a pretty strong urethritol taste to it. That cooling effect you get from urethritol was pretty strong. So I didn't love the frosting. It didn't deter me from eating it. It still tasted really good, but I could even do without the frosting. Put more filling in the pastry and skip the frosting and I would love it, but I was actually pleasantly surprised.  I mean, 20 grams of protein is not bad in a pastry. The last thing I ordered from Netrition that I fell in love with is the simply delish puddings. One of my coaching clients, Hay Cynthia, told me about these because she can't have sucralose. She uses these instead of the jello brand instant puddings. This is so good. This is way better. I like the taste, the texture, everything about this better. Definitely has better ingredients. Again, no sucralose. Zero grams of sugar, three net carbs, 20 calories per serving, which is a quarter of the package. So pretty similar to other sugar-free pudding. I just think it tastes a lot better. It makes amazing, amazing protein pudding. I used this also in my eggnog cake that I made in my meal prep. I'm sold. I'm 100% sold on the simply delish pudding. I ordered all of the flavors. So I have quite a few on hand, again, also off of Netrition. I also have a discount code for Netrition. So I'll link it down below if you want to check out some of these products. They have so many great products at affordable prices on their website. I also love eggnog. You know, I love peppermint anything, but I also love eggnog and I picked this up at Sprouts. This is the Good Karma Plant Based Holiday Eggnog. It is only 45 calories per serving, 4 ounces, so half of a cup. This is really good. It is a little bit thinner than traditional eggnog, even light or low-fat eggnog, but it has eggnog flavor. I like to put a little bit of nutmeg and cinnamon in here. I've used this several times for baking, again, in my eggnog cake. And it gives you the eggnog vibes for less points in calories. And it's plant-based. So if you prefer a plant-based option, this is great. It was also pretty affordable. I want to say less than $4 at Sprouts. I'm sure you can find this Good Karma brand at most most health food stores, maybe even your traditional grocery store. But for an eggnog replacement, this is delicious. So Clean Simple Eats, if you didn't know, they have nut butters. Now you know that I love my American drink nut butter, but I equally love Clean Simple Eats and they have a few different types of nut butters. This one stole my heart. This is the Gingerbread Cookie Almond Butter. Now it is 180 calories for two tablespoons, so macro-wise, points-wise, really similar to just traditional peanut butter like Skipper Jiffy. But if you love gingerbread cookie or cookie butter like Speculo's Cookie Butter, this is really good. I love mixing this with the Clean Simple Eats Eggnog Protein, powder and making a protein shake and then putting in a tablespoon of this. It just adds a creaminess, a good, healthy fat and that little bit of gingerbread flavor. Really delicious on a rice cake. This is so good. Their off-beat butters are delicious and they're affordable. And I do also have a 10% discount for Clean Simple Eats, so you can get an extra 10% off of the nut butters. Really, really good. Definitely stole my heart in the month of November. I've actually purchased quite a few of their butters because like I said, they're affordable and they're delicious. Now this is another thing I purchased that I asked for your guys' feedback on. And a lot of you in my grocery haul said it was really good and I 100% agree. You know that I am a fair life milk lover through and through. I buy their regular milk, their chocolate milk, but I decided to try the Carb Master. This is the vanilla and I also bought the chocolate. They're really good. They're less points, less calories than fair life. So the vanilla has 60 calories and 10 grams of protein and only three grams of sugar. So the fair life has a little more protein, has more calories and has more sugar. So I wanted to try this just for the less sugar, less calories, still a good amount of protein. I mean 10 grams and a cup. Really good. I love making protein shakes out of this and Clean Simple Eats protein. The vanilla, the chocolate are both amazing. So thank you for your guys' feedback on this. I definitely agree with you. Carb Master Milk is delicious and is definitely a new go to for me. I also got some goodies and PR from Chalk Zero. You know, I love Chalk Zero. I've been loving their advent calendar and this is one thing that came in PR that I really love. Actually Troy and I both really love this. This is their Blackberry Jam. So this only has 15 calories per serving and it is a jam. Not only have I been loving this on toast, this is so good on my yogurt bowl and this is also so good mixed into Ninja Creamy Ice Cream and protein pudding for a little bit of sweetness and a little bit of fruit. I've never tried their jam, but the black cherry is so good. If you want a good quality, no sugar added jam that has good ingredients, definitely check out Chalk Zero. You saw in my what I eat in a day that they also sent me marshmallows that are amazing. Their marshmallows are so good. They sent me their baking chips, which are also really good. Their advent calendar, their hot cocoa bombs, they've released some really fantastic things for the holidays. So I'll link Chalk Zero down below for you guys with the discount, but highly, highly recommend the jam. And last but not least for WW Foods is something that every year when it's released, I get so excited and that is the Premier Protein Winter Mint. Now I think you can buy this online at Costco. You may be able to even find this in some Costco locations. My Costco did not have it, so I actually bought this off of Walmart's website. So Walmart actually sells it by the case. I bought two cases because this is my favorite Premier Protein flavor. If you love chocolate mint, like a mint mocha or pepper mint mocha, this is a great replacement for that because it has 30 grams of protein and only 160 calories. Now you know I have a protein coffee every single morning.  I will 100% be stocking up before it's gone. It is a limited edition flavor. So if you're interested, grab it before it's gone. I will link it down below on Walmart's website because like I said, that's where I found it. By the way, it's on Amazon, but it's way more expensive than Walmart. So Walmart, I found to be the cheapest. So I ordered it two cases. I'll be ordering many more before it's gone. Now let's jump into some beauty favorites. Also some skincare I've been loving. You guys always ask me how I'm 48 and my skin looks much younger. I love skincare. I'm a skincare junkie. I have a very regimented skincare routine and part of my morning routine has been using this product right here. This is actually from the brand Biosons, which is a really, really good skincare brand. And this is the Squalene Plus Vitamin C Rose Oil. So this has been my morning serum. You can see that it's down to here. It's three quarters of the way gone. I really love this. It adds so much hydration to my skin. My skin loves vitamin C. It's something I like to implement in the morning. It layers beautifully under makeup and it does give you this pretty glow to your skin. If you're someone who doesn't wear makeup, it's so amazing. I absolutely have been loving this. I've also been loving this from L-Y-S. This is the Secure Skin Gripping Serum Primer. So this is a makeup primer. So I put on my skincare and then I put on my sunscreen and then this is what I put on right before I apply my makeup. This is fantastic. Now if you have oily skin, this would be even better for you. I don't have oily skin. I have normal to dry skin. This grips your makeup. This grips it all day long and it feels so good on the skin. Similar to a serum, it's going to add in a lot of hydration because it is more of a serum consistency. I'm actually really sad that it's down to here because I've been absolutely loving this product from L-Y-S. Two makeup products from Benefit that have stolen my heart in the month of November are these right here. First up is the Shelly blush. This is literally the perfect peach blush. It's the blush I have on today. It's definitely more peachy pink and I feel like this is a perfect blush for most skin tones. If you have a really deep skin tone, it might be a little bit too light for you but light to medium skin tone. It's beautiful. Again, it's the blush I'm wearing today. It blends beautifully and it does have a little bit of a glow to it. So it's going to give you just this flush look to the cheeks and I love this color. And then the other product I also, the other product from Benefit is the Dandelion highlighter. Now if you love highlight as much as I do, if you love this pretty glow to the skin, this is one of the best, best mainstream highlighters. You can buy both of these products at Alta in Sephora. This is very glowy but not glittery.  These two together are absolutely beautiful and have been favorites for me. I'm a fragrance favorite. This is something I picked up at the Sephora sale and this is the Valentino Born in Roma perfume. Oh my gosh. I love this so much. It's so yummy. It's fresh. It's sweet. It's so good. I really love this perfume. I smelt this in store and I thought I have to have it and it's always better to buy the biggest version of perfume if it's in your budget because it's way more affordable ounce for ounce. So I did buy the big one. This is the 3.4 ounce and I've been loving this. This has been my go-to perfume. My husband who always complains when I put on perfume actually likes the smell of this one. So that's another huge win. Definitely recommend Valentino Born in Roma. And four lip favorites for November is actually the lip, the gloss I have on today and that is from Tower 28 and this is the pistachio gloss. I don't know why it's named pistachio because it's pink, but this is the most beautiful gloss. Like I said, it's what I have on my lips today. This is the only thing I have on my lips today. It is the perfect nudie pink. It's creamy. It puts this beautiful wash of color and gloss to the lips. I've been loving this. I love the Tower 28 brand but this lip gloss has quickly become a favorite. I've been reaching for this a lot. I'm definitely going to pick up a few more from the brand but highly recommend pistachio. And then my eyeshadow palette favorite of the month. We always end out our favorites with my favorite eyeshadow palette. And of course, it has to be something holiday themed. And that's this new release from Odentzei Cosmetics. Odentzei is an indie brand and this is the Hey Reindeer palette. Look at how pretty this is. This is so wintery.  I almost didn't buy this palette and I'm so glad that I did. I actually have a tutorial on my beauty channel. I have a beauty channel if you didn't know and I have a full tutorial using this palette. I will link that video down below for you and my beauty channel. Come subscribe. I show you a beautiful look with this palette. You can see it in action but it's stunning. The quality of this is so so good. I use someone's discount code when I placed my order. So I'll put that information down below for you but my palette favorite of the month is the Hey Reindeer from Odentzei. So those are all of my November favorites. We have a really good variety. We had some home. We had some beauty. We have lots of WW foods. Again, everything with discounts is down below for you. Let me know what are you picking up from my favorites. Are any of these your favorites? Let me know down below and if you enjoyed the video give it a big thumbs up. Subscribe if you're not. Turn your bell on because I do a favorites every month and I do upload five videos every single week. Everything is down below for you along with nutrition coaching, links and discounts to my other favorite things and come join our Facebook group. We'd love to have you. Thank you so much for watching and I'll see you next time. Bye.


So, we were briefed that there was going to be a shooter event at the PX, so we went, got set up, and we started having radio problems, and, you know, we heard the sirens going off, so we said, screw it, we're just going to go, and we kind of showed up at a good time. We saw Specialist Luna and PFC Cottrell at the front door pulling security, and Specialist Coleman, PFC Junkins and I, breached the building and started to systematically clear it. We had a police element, we had to respond to two shooters in the PX. We quickly were able to neutralize the shooters as well as provide medical attention to those that were wounded inside the building. So, once everything was secure, you have to switch into, like, a life-saving mode to make sure you can do as much as possible. I used Specialist Coleman's iPad kit to apply some chest seals to the one injured sergeant on the ground, and they ended up picking up the other sergeant that was across the floor and took her out while we waited for more medical personnel to come in. It was a good exercise for not just the MPs, but also for the firefighters and task force men as well, and then concluding the actual neutralization of the shooters and the medical side. As the investigator, I step in and assess the crime scene, do the forensical portions, prepare for CID's arrival. You can really never know what's going to happen, so you just got to do a lot of training and get ready for anything.