curious case of Ruby's memory. It's two talks roll into one, because, you know, that's what I wanted to do. And who here have used Ruby 1.0 in production? 1.8? Ah! So you remember the pain, right? Ruby has garbage collection and it always had since 1.8. And up to 1.9 how it used to work, it was mark and sweep.  In the marking phase, all the objects that have references are marked and whatever is not marked is sweeped away as deleted. And that was pretty good. It was efficient, simple and easy to reason about. Except the problem is that if you're running a real sabbath that has, that is taking 400 MB and you have probably a million objects on your heap, then traversing this entire heap each time is very costly. So Ruby 2.1, K01 brought generational GC. So, three cheers for generational GC.  They barely survive as one or two garbage collections actually. So what does it do? Is these blue guys here, if you can see, if they were, what Ruby sees on the major GCs is if these guys survive a predefined number of garbage collections, they are moved to this generation called old generation. And whenever more memory is required, first a minor GC is performed and these old generation objects are not tested at all. So as you can imagine, garbage collection is a lot faster. That's very nice. But there's a problem. Let's say you have this hash called active users and you're storing, that's a hash that pretty much is live through your entire lifecycle of application and it stores a reference to this user object which is a new guy. And so that's the case here. So you can see object in old generation refers to object in new generation. The problem is on a minor GC, the Ruby is not going to check old generation for references at all. So your user object might be deleted even though somebody is holding a reference to it actually. So that will be a really bad bug. So all generation garbage collectors typically implement this trick called remember set where what they do is whenever an old object tries to, or you write something to an old object, it's put into this different set called remember set. And on minor GC, not only your young generation is traversed, but your remember set is traversed as well. So now you can see that the user object will not be garbage collector earnestly. So that's pretty good. And that's what JVM does and other VMs do. But Ruby has a problem that if you're running a Rails app, it probably has at least 10 or 20 C extensions loaded. And these C extensions can do crazy things. They can, you know, they can take your Ruby pointer and they can put something in that array via C. And Ruby won't know about it that there's this array which is an old generation has just added a new object. So something, I'm just giving examples. We are adding something to a Ruby array, not like a C array and, you know, like doing mems, CPY, copy into Ruby array. And this object is an old generation. So what will happen is Ruby is again not aware that old generation, an object is old generation is holding reference to object new generation. And this object could be deleted, you know, like on a minor GC. So this is a big problem. Unlike JVM, Ruby doesn't own the heap space of a process completely. So to work around this problem, what K01 introduced was something called write bad years. And what it does is pretty somewhat something simple and very great is like it marks objects, it categorizes object into two categories. Shady objects and sunny objects. When you touch a object, when you take a Ruby object and you do something with it in C via any of the macros or methods, macros particularly, then the object is marked as shady object. And not a whole lot of, like if you're writing a C extension and if you're writing your own custom data structures, they all are shady, actually. There are only very few, the hash and array, procs are by default shady. So a lot of objects in Ruby are shady, actually. And what happens is that on minor GC, now, not only young generation is marked, but young generation, all the shady objects and all the remembered set objects are traversed. So it kind of, the bad part about it is it kind of takes away the benefit of generational GC because we are traversing more objects. We are looking through more objects even on a minor GC, actually. But the advantage is that it's 100% comfortable with almost all the C extensions out there. And, yeah, so the objects that are not, that you're not accessing from C and just doing it in Ruby, they generally will be right protected and they will be marked as sunny objects and they will not be touched. So the key take away is from, so that's how Ruby is, you know, like generational GC works in 2.1. 2.2.0 is bringing something called incremental GC, which means that not just two generations, not just young and old, but there will be more than one generation. And there are trace points hooked at fire and then there's a symbol GC coming in 2.2.0 as well, which will reduce the heap size further. So all that is pretty great. Key take away is from the stock is don't use low level access for Ruby data structures like our pointers. Ruby actually provides APIs, like functions that you can use if you're writing a custom data structure that you want to expose to Ruby, not just keep it in C, you can expose the C data structure to Ruby, right? So you can mark that as right protected, there are functions to do that. So use that. So that's about it. Now, next thing I'm going to talk about is how to tune the garbage collector wire in moment variables. But before I do that, I'm going to take a trip back to the memory lane and talk about memory profiling Ruby applications. It was horrible, right? Like Twitter had to use detrace and then experts had to be brought in actually like people from expandables and things like that. So it was hard. And usually profiling look like a graph is done for something you used to get and then you just see what's going on and it's terrible. Now, thanks to Ruby 2.1, which has trace points, it has great instrumentation support. I work for a company called CodeMensors and we as a team decided to do something about it, although this was not our full-time work, we decided we are going to build a Ruby profiler which will be as easy to use as something like your kit, which you can use in production with very lower head and it doesn't cause problems with your application. And I'm happy to present you our big kit. I have never announced it before. It is the first time I'm showing it off to people at Rocky Mountain. So, yeah. So it's up on GitHub. We just open source it a few days back. It's a two-part application. You can see this is a snapshot, a picture of the app. I'm going to actually demo it, how to use it. It runs on OSX. So, it's great. And it's not one person effort. It's like four people from Bangalore are working on it, so not full-time as part-time at this place where we work. It was not easy, you know, like to delve into, to convince bunch of Ruby developers to go do C. The RB kit gem is written mostly in C because a lot of trace points only work in C and then the desktop app is written in QTC++. So, it was very hard for, there was a fear factor actually.  So, but we did it.  So, what is RB kit? RB kit is a low overhead Ruby profiler built for MRI, written almost completely in C. It has two parts, a desktop application and a Ruby gem. What is the great about RB kit is like the gem, Ruby gem, doesn't do much other than gathering the data of your, you know, like the data, okay, this object has been deleted, this object has been created, this object holds references to this object, it doesn't do anything else. And it sends all the data via 0MQ to the desktop plant. It uses message pack in C as the serialization format. It's just real fast. Great thing about 0MQ is, 0MQ has its own IO threads actually. So, when we send the data, we are not going to block the Ruby thread or Ruby processing actually. I can send million messages and it's just going to work. So, the beauty is a profiler that can be used in production. Using RB kit is real simple. Just in your real site, you can just put gem, RB kit and then in the boot.rb you can put require RB kit, RB kit start profiling. It actually will listen to a socket for incoming client desktop connections and yeah. Next thing I'm going to talk about is RB kit app, the desktop app. It's a cross platform app written in QT C++, ran your QT bindings and we do QT has this thing called WebKit, QT has a widget called with QT. So, you can render certain portions of your application using WebKit JavaScript, D3JS, whatever. We use SQLite. So, as I said, in this application, all the heavy lifting is done in the client side. Like, you know, like which object holds references to what object, where it was allocated, all that stuff. And we benchmarked various, you know, like GUI libraries and we came to the conclusion that QT C++ really matches what we are trying to do. And we didn't want to build the OSX only application that unfortunately pervades the Ruby culture. So, we wanted to have it work on both OSX, Linux and preferably Windows if we can. We can still render the certain pages using plain HTML via the QT WebKit bridge. The tools we use, it will be funny if a memory profiler itself leaks, right? You don't want to use that in production. So, two tools that are very important is Valgrind and another tool that we use is called Simple Command Line Program which is available on OSX leaks. Just run it right now and you can, if you have OSX, then you can run it right now and you can track memory leaks in your C applications using leaks very easily actually. It's great. So, the status report is RBKit is not going to be just about memory profiling. We are going to build CPU profiling as well. Right now, today, our memory profiling pretty much works. CPU profiling isn't works and it's open source. So, RBKit demo time. Let's see if it works, right? Okay. So, this is the client. I need to resize it slightly. I hope you guys can see it in all its entirety. Okay. So, I'm going to just click connect because it needs to connect to a running Ruby application.  One great thing about ZMQ is that the server need not be running for clients to start connecting. So, I'm running this and now if I go switch to this thing, you can see that it's, the live profile is on and you can see there's a GC stat. Almost three seconds it took for the GC run and the object count growing and then you can see the memory size, heap size, RIS memory size and the heap size of the process and you can see all this various stats. Now, I can, generally if you're profiling a Rails app, it's always a good idea to trigger a GC before you take a heap dump. So, I'm going to, I can trigger a manual GC here and then I can take a heap snapshot. It shows a neat progress bar as it takes but you cannot see it because it's just, yeah. So, this is the status of the heap. It's showing all objects that are there live on your heap and I can see that I'm leaking not, there's objects 29,000 strings allocated there. There's this foo class that has like, on line 90 is 12,000 and then it holds references to 24,000. Then you can see there's a hash here and that holds references to 49,000 object. I can view references and I can see all this stuff where is all this references coming from. We can of course take another heap snapshot because one snapshot is not good enough and then, yeah and then I can compare heap snapshots actually and then, I miss mirroring. I'm sorry guys. I'm just going to enable do mirroring for second so that I can see what you guys are seeing. All right. So, yeah. So, I just did compare snapshots and I can see that you know like these are the objects that were there in heap 2 but not in heap 1, heap snapshot 1 and I can see okay where they are coming from. So, there's something going on on line number 21. Obviously, I intentionally wrote an app that leaks actually to demo what I want to demo but this is like the, you can do already, you can download a DMG file, just double click and download the gem and run it. Simple and yeah, it's easy. Hey pep, next is like I hope this was not enough. So, we are going to talk about more stuff and I'm going to talk about GC tuning visualizations. Now that we have built this, we can do crazy things with once you have all the data available on a zero MQ socket. There's a zero MQ to WebSocket bridges. People are going to go crazy. But I'm going to just use RBQ to create the desktop application to show you some cool stuff with GC tuning that you know you have read in blog post and everything. It's out on the internet. You can find it but I'm just going to make it look like, make it more you know like apparent to you how it affects your applications performance. The first one is simple one Ruby GC heap INIT slots. The number of heap slots that Ruby starts with. The default value is small and you can find out like 60,000, 600,000 on blogs if you go read it. So, I'm going to just stop this and first thing I'm going to do is unsit whatever I have set. So one of the things you don't want to do is you don't want the GC to trigger quite often because that could be detrimental to your applications performance if you're running unit tests on your own machine like triggering GC on when the rails boots up could be you know like bad. So, I have unset whatever I had already set and I'm going to just start the RBQ thing and I'm just going to connect and then I'm going to run the script that you know like that does something here. So, as you can see that by default there will be already there's a GC trigger happening. It's kind of bad right? It means like you're running slowly. So, what I'm going to do next is I'm going to set it to a higher value, sorry. I'm going to set it to a value like this. So, one of the things that I did not implement it, we did not implement it in RBQ desktop client is cleaning all the state and restarting a new profiler. So, that's the reason I'm starting new closing that application and starting from fresh. I hope that won't be too much of a problem for, so this time I, anyway. So, this time you will see that no GC happening actually. So, this thing is a little bit obscured but you can see that major GC count is zero and there's no GC here on the charts as well. So, when we set the INIT slots to a higher number, this, the number of GC counts have dropped. So, that was one. Second one I want to talk about is like the Ruby GC heap growth factor which is like, okay, when Ruby needs more memory, Ruby does not store all the objects in Ruby's heap, by the way. Ruby heap has, Ruby stores, there's a heap slot where all R values are stored and then there's a, if object needs more than what can accommodate in that heap slot, it uses typical AMLOC call to take memory from C heap and create and allocate more memory. So, let's talk about, but focus on Ruby heap when Ruby needs more memory on its heap, then it uses this environment variable to keep track, okay, by how much the heap growth should be. The default value is 1.8. Some people suggest to keep it, you know, like a lower value or higher value. I have just, I'm going to set it to 1.99 and demo this. But before that, I need to unset the INIT slots so that the, because if the initial number of slots is higher, then the GC is going to occur much later and we'll be sitting here and waiting for GC to happen. So, all right, so, oops. So, if you keep an eye on this, this one, this blue one is what represents the Ruby's heap size, not really the, and this gray color represents the actual live object size. Live object size means the objects that were allocated even on C heap all are included. So, you can see here the size was initially approximately 1 MB and it grew to more than 1 MB and then it grew by whatever factor we defined in the environment variable. So, it had a direct impact on that. So, that's great. And so, we covered these two. Now, yeah, another thing I wanted to talk about is the Ruby heap versus C heap, the R value size 40 bytes, but for a typical application like Rails application, the strings and objects are going to be of much bigger size and they're not going to fit in the heap slot actually. So, Ruby uses Ruby XMLock to take memory from C heap and, you know, like allocate objects for it. Usually, Ruby doesn't keep track of accurate memory that is, that has been allocated to MLock, but it knows roughly. So, yeah. Usually, so, like, if I, earlier case, I was allocating small strings. So, if I, if I just increase the size of strings, you will see, you will see that this, the rest memory size, which is the memory taken by all the live objects, is going to go much higher actually when you're allocating larger strings. If I wouldn't have, I wouldn't be when allocating a class or something, then all the objects will fit right in the heap actually and this will be same as this. So, that's another insight that we can draw from looking at this data. All right. So, next thing I want to talk about is Ruby GC MLock limit. And this is another important factor that controls how many objects are there. So, how frequently GC runs. So, to demonstrate this one, I, what's the idea here is, like, the initial heap slots and growth factor are not alone to control how frequently GC happens. Ruby GC MLock limit is another variable which, which controls on C heap how much memory is allocated, then, and if, if that much memory is already allocated, then the GCs should happen. The default value is 16 MB. It means that if your application has already allocated 16 MB on the C heap, or via MLock, then it's going to trigger a new GC. Even though, let's say, if your initial heap slots number was pretty high, but heap slots don't store all the objects, as you know. So, this variable controls all the live objects that, that require more than 40 bytes. So, so if you're, for 16 MB, generally a much lower value. So, we can see this with a Rails app. First thing I'm going to do is I'm going to define a real high value for, for this one. I'm going to unset whatever I defined here. It doesn't matter, actually. I'm going to start. I already have included, I've already included Rbikit here. Rbikit in Gemfile and Rbikit.start profiling. So, it already knows how to do this. And I have the profiler running connected really nice. And I just need to do, I, usually it's much better idea whenever you're profiling an app, Rails app in particular, to start in production environment. So, as you can see, even though the, even though like the INIT slots value is much higher, even on boot there's already been GC here. And as application grows, there will be more number of GCs, actually. So, this is, you don't want this to happen as well. So, what we can do is, what if we close that and define a higher value of Amalok limit. And I'm going to do this is 64 MB. And this, restart, sorry about this, almost done. So, you can see that like the number of garbage collection, collections that you will see now will be much lower, hopefully. It crashed actually. So, there's some problem here. So, yeah. So, that's all I have for this thing. The code is already available on GitHub. And you can use it. You'll find on Twitter and everywhere. And my name is Hemant Kumar. I'm from Bangalore and Atlanta. Depending on which time of year it is. Thank you. I have time for one or two small questions. So, the question is what kind of overhead do you see when you run RBKT in production? And answer is like there are, RBKT can be run in two ways. One way it can just, in one way it can just start the server and it will start the zero MQ server but it won't install the TracePoint hooks. So, it's just listening for TracePoint hooks. So, in that mode it has zero performance penalty actually. Then if you connect to, through the, from the desktop, you can, desktop client, you can manually trigger, start, okay, start profiling. And at that time there indeed is a some performance penalty because the, when each object is being allocated, we are running some code. So, yeah. But it's still not that bad because all we are doing is putting objects, recording them and putting them in a hash table and then like every, you know, like every thousands, every thousand millisecond or one second we are sending the data back to the desktop client. So, yeah. So, the question is this is quite a big project. What kind of problem you guys had that made you write so much code? So, we have been, I've been working with a, with a client in England and, and we had some issues there with memory application, with memory users of Rails processes and, but beyond that, I was, in general, like very much, you know, like, enthusiast by the, the, the instrumentation support that was there in 2.1. And I wanted to see what can be built on top of it. There are a lot of command line tools and then you can write a dot file and then process it with graphics and do something like that. But they feel so inaccessible to, you know, like a, a, a common developer actually sometimes. So, I just thought, you know, like, okay, we can do something really great with that. So, let's, let's do that. So, that was more than idea than the, yeah. Yeah. So, I didn't want to go a lot into that. But this third link and obviously I'll be posting the slides online and, and so it covers all the environment variables, their explanations in, in a lot of detail, actually. Okay. So, yeah. Thank you again.


Okay, let's try the second part of this problem Describe the following molecules as diatomic triatomic and or polyatomic so in chemistry and most things diet die means two and Atomic means that so diatomic means molecule composed of to at triatomic Tri means three and polyatomic means poly means many so polyatomic means in chemistry terms Anything that's got two or more so let's try to designate these as diatomic triatomic and or polyatomic Hopefully you can tell that anything that's diatomic or triatomic would also be polyatomic. You can keep going up Usually after triatomic, you don't say tetra and then stuff like that. You just do All right, so Homoatomic, I mean sorry O2 It's two atoms right two oxygens, so it actually looks like this two oxygens bond together, so we say Atomic and of course these are all going to be polyatomic So two oxygens one carbon and carbon dioxide triatomic and again two or more so it's poly and then carbon monoxide Diatomic Oxide very interesting like we said before actually we don't know anything about this That's a permanent dipole there, so Binds really well the hemoglobin because of that negative charge that's why carbon monoxide kills you actually But anyways, that's all beside the point the most important thing for you guys right now is this Diatomic triatomic polyatomic thing and we'll try one more Of these with our other example


Welcome to this course on transition organometallics in catalysis and biology. We have been discussing about a very important reaction, which is called RAPAE synthesis, particularly that involves conversion of acetylene to various chemical functionalized feed stocks and was developed in early 1900 by Walter RAPAE. In the last lecture, we have looked into the context in which the RAPAE chemistry was developed and based on the need of the hour of looking for the application or utility of acetylene, which was produced from the coal as its major source, the RAPAE reaction became relevant. A great deal of developments in RAPAE chemistry had been performed or obtained under industrial conditions and that is why the RAPAE synthesis can be called as a gift of industry to the field of organometallic chemistry. Now this discussion that I have covered in the last lecture as well as part of what I will be covering now has been nicely reviewed in American Chemical Society ACS review article, which I am going to give the reference today for people to look up. The title is Catalytic reactions of acetylene feed stock for the chemical industry revisited. The reference is Chemical review 2014 114 1671 to 1782. This is a nice review, which discusses the importance of RAPAE chemistry not only at the time when it was developed, even the relevance of the development of RAPAE chemistry even under today's context. This is a beautiful review through which I have also covered in the last lecture and part of the present lecture and would request all the viewers of this course to look up if they want to read about the developments of RAPAE chemistry in much more details. Now what we had earlier also discussed that RAPAE chemistry involves a set of large number of reactions and the most common or the most important type of RAPAE reactions are vinylation reactions and what we had seen that in these vinylation reactions acetylene is converted to various vinyl derivatives and in our previous class we have discussed about how acetylene is converted to vinyl alcohol by reaction in presence of a base like potassium hydroxide as well as another example of vinylation which we had read about or spoken about in the last class was about reaction of acetylene with hydrogen cyanide Hc and in presence of catalyst giving a cryonitrile for the vinylation reaction. Another example of vinylation reaction which we are going to be taking up today is the reaction with HCl and this is called vinyl chloride. Now if you remember as I had said in my earlier class that there was a parallel development about accessing all of these products which were obtained through RAPAE using other methods particularly from that of the feedstocks from natural gas and crude oil which is ethylene. For example I had spoken about how focus of the industry shifted on conversion of acetylene to acetaldehyde in presence of water by reaction of water with acetylene in presence of acid and mercury plus to that of conversion of ethylene to acetaldehyde the same product acetaldehyde one obtained from acetaldehyde in rapid type chemistry the other obtained through Wacker oxidation which also is the industrial process developed for consumption or utilization of ethylene which are obtained as a product in petrochemical industry from natural oil and crude oil. Similar to the development for acetaldehyde which could also be obtained from acetylene and ethylene similar development also has been obtained from ethylene for the current purpose and the corresponding development is in presence of chlorine and oxygen it gives so this as I said is an interesting development whereby one could see that the same product was obtained from two different substrates one from acetaldehyde and another from ethylene as the time progressed and the focus shifted from utilizing ethylene source to that of utilizing olefin ethylene source to that of using acetylene source the focus shifted as a result the technology shifted the reaction shifted however the product obtained from both of these reactions remains the same. So this is a beautiful example where one can see that how chemistry accommodates different transformation from different sources to give the same product as per the need and the demand of the time. So this is a beautiful example another example we had also seen similarly acetaldehyde could be obtained from acetylene as well as could be obtained from ethylene and both have been developed technologically for large scale industrial productions. So we are continuing further on these vinylation reactions we are going to take up the reaction with carboxylic acids and the interesting thing about is that this also requires a metal catalyst and if ruthenium is used as the catalyst then the reaction proceeds at much milder conditions and with high selectivity ruthenium is used the reaction proceeds under milder conditions with high regioselectivity I will explain this with this example R1 COOH reacting with R2 CH it is a terminal acetylene in presence of ruthenium as a catalyst more milder conditions about 60 to 80 degree centigrade resulting in two product R1 O R2 plus R1 R2. So one can see that two different kinds of olefinic bonds are here where O and R2 are trans we designate these as A and B and with ruthenium being the catalyst the selectivity is primarily A and which is formed about 93 to 99 percent. So what we see is that ruthenium brings in great amount of selectivity in the formation of these two compounds and also ruthenium brings in these milder reaction conditions in which this reaction proceeds. So we are going to move on to see another very interesting synthesis of acrylic acid using the RAPI method and this involves hydrocarboxylation. What is the meaning of hydrocarboxylation? It means that simultaneous addition of Hx as well as CO and this is given by the reaction in presence of catalyst to give this acrylic acid. Now as mentioned earlier in case of vinyl cyanide as vinyl chloride, acrylic acid 2 is an important monomer for variety of polymerization processes and hence is of great demand in the industry. Here one can see the best catalyst user homoleptic as well as heterolative iron carbonyl complexes. So like metal carbonyl complexes like cobalt tetra carbonyl hydride nickel tetra carbonyl or iron pentacarbonyl are extremely good catalyst for these synthesis. Now one should or may argue that how come these are behaving as a catalyst because all of these complexes are both electronically saturated as well as co-ordinatively saturated. Now we had an elaborate discussion on electronic saturation and co-ordinate saturation in our previous course where we said that prerequisite for behaving as a catalyst is the requirement of electronic unsaturation as well as co-ordinate unsaturation. Now if one were to look at all of these complexes one would see that they have 18 valence electron counts and also have about 4 or 5 coordination number. So what does that mean tell us that these are not the real catalyst but most likely are the precatalyst for the reaction. What is it mean is that they lose carbon monoxide one or two of them to become electronically as well as co-ordinatively unsaturated when they participate in the catalytic cycle as the active catalytic species for carrying out this transformation. So we see that these complexes metal carbonyl complexes like cobalt hydride tetra carbonyl, nickel tetra carbonyl and iron pentacarbonyl are very good catalyst for converting acetylene to acrylic acids and using these methods acrylates can also be made from acetylene, CO and alcohol using this method acrylates can be obtained from acetylene, CO and alcohol. So what it says that this method is very common a generic one where one can replace water with alcohol and in presence of forming acrylic acid one can also form acrylates acrylic ester using the same method. So these further highlights the versatility of this transformation that we just spoke about. Now we would like to give an example of how this reaction proceeds in terms of the catalytic cycle. As mentioned earlier that nickel tetra carbonyl is both electronically as well as co-ordinatively saturated because it has 18 valence electrons. So when it reacts with Hx let us say for this hydrocarboxylation prior to that it loses 2 CO and Hx undergoes oxidative addition to give 8 ni CO2x. So as is common for oxidative addition one can see that the oxidant state of nickel has gone from nickel 0 to nickel 2 by the addition of these Hx. Now once this is formed then the acetylene reaction takes place with this species and the nickel hydride at across the acetylene giving this vinyl bound nickel species which is drawn over here. Now once this is formed one of the CO which is liberated comes in and undergoes an insertion into the nickel carbonyl bond. This is what is called migratory insertion to give this compound and then subsequent reaction with alcohol gives the vinyl ester would give back the initial starting catalyst that one started off with. This is a good monomer for acrylic acid or polyacrylate. So this is a polymer polyacrylate and they can be obtained by polymerizing this monomer or acrylate esters. What we see is here is a nice demonstration of hydrocarboxylation which had resulted in production of acrylic esters and they are important feedstock for polyacrylates or the polymer. These again highlights the importance of lepe chemistry in terms of producing this important monomer through a large scale industrial process and by which also utilizing acetylene as one of the sources of feedstock from to produce the monomer acrylates and then they are also used for another industrial process of polymerization giving polyacrylates. With that we had come into discussing the end of the vinylation reactions that are used for making the vinyl derivatives which can be halide, ester, acid and the cyanides from acetylene feedstock. Then we move on to another interesting topic which is in lepe reaction or lepe chemistry another set of reaction which are called ethyl ethyylation reactions. This reaction involves addition of acetylene and its removable protons carbonyl group and these are similar to one-two addition and employs copper for this chemistry. So, you have to see to water 80 to 100 degree centigrade 2 to 6 bar pressure produces CH2OH that reacts with aldehyde to give CH2OH and that in presence of hydrogen and raninical produces 1,4 butane diol. So, these are important demonstration of how acetylene can be used to convert, can be used to undergo this ethylene reaction like this acetylide CH adding across this CO group and giving CH2OH and then another reaction over at that other end to giving 2 CH2OH and that under reduction giving this 1,4 butane diol. So, in the current examples the addition of the addition of alkenyl CH across one CO group as well as the second CH across the second CO group resulting in CH2OH, CH2OH which under reduction give important intermediate 1,4 butane diol. So, with these we come to an end of today's lecture in this we have looked into the various types of reactions of lepe chemistry particularly with regard to the vinylization reactions in which the acetylene moiety has been reacted with various kinds of reagent like HCl, HCl, Acid esters to give various kinds of vinyl acid cyanide esters acrylates. We have also looked into the mechanism in which how acrylates esters were obtained from reaction of acetylene carbon monoxide and Hx. These are called hydrocarboxylation reaction and then with that we had come to an end of vinylation reactions and then in the end we have looked into another new type of reaction of lepe chemistry which are called ethylenation reaction that involves the reaction of acetylene with the carbonyl group and which also resulted finally to the conversion of 1,4 propane diol. So, with these we come to our current discussion on lepe chemistry in today's class. We are going to be looking into some more important applications of lepe reaction, lepe chemistry as we take up in the next class. I hope you have enjoyed the content which has been discussed today in this with regard to lepe chemistry. We look forward to some more exciting reactions and developments on lepe reactions as we cover the topic in bit more detail in the next class. Till then, goodbye and see you in the next class.


Hello I'm Neil welcome back to the happy hut where it's raining so I'd better be quick today I'm going to be unboxing this baby the Canon PowerShot SX60 HS DSLR it's weird seeing a camera unboxing isn't it because you want to see what the what the thing shoots I won't do that on this video what I will do I'll put a I'll put this video into a playlist and on the bottom there's a link to the playlist or up in the corner if you click on the eye there should be a little banner with my Canon PowerShot SX60 HS playlist so we have cable this looks like the power cable for the battery charger that's the UK plug because we're in Great Britain here is the battery charger and the safety notice we know what we do with that in all of these videos we find it away carefully under s power shot crucial battery battery pack nb10l and finally the thing you've been waiting for the whole time and wrapped in a foam envelope okay this is how it comes out of the box but interested so I guess there's the the mic socket the crucial mic socket that I need for my 1080p videos if you find I don't know if you can see that it says av out digital hdmi and lens cap just to give you an idea of the the size of it in centimeters it's about 12 centimeters wide about nine centimeters tall inches about three and a half inches is the viewfinder and then another reason I really wanted this camera the Canon s60 was that you can do this to be able to see what you're shooting while you're in front of it it feels quite like light the battery isn't in but I feel I can hold that really easily and that's something I wasn't sure about from some of the other videos I've seen on youtube the the grip also is rubbery here so you can hold it really quite comfortably just some first impressions it's a flash and then to oh you can just flip it back like this you can tilt it like that as well but it feels a lot softer than I thought it would I thought it would just be hard plastic I feel it's just really nice to hold so that's it that's what comes out of the box I hope this has helped if the video has helped why not have a look in the description I'll put all of my Canon ss sx 60 still can't say it Canon power shots ss sx 60 oh man hs they put an hs on the end as well videos I'll put them all into a playlist and there they are in the cards on the eye in the top corner if this video has helped please let me know by just clicking a thumbs up underneath or leaving a comment and it'll be lovely if you wanted to subscribe just by clicking on the subscribe button or the link in the description thanks again for watching it if you have any questions fire away but I have I'm a noob I have just opened this and I will put more videos on here should we plug it in I think you want me to plug it in so I'm doing this for the first time you're seeing me stumble my way through this so it says sets dates and time there we go zoom out zoom in there's the front and the side so it says 130 zoom plus smart auto 58 scenes hybrid auto creative shot zoom framing assist mobile device connect button remote shooting manual movie EVF approximately 9 to 2000 dots 60p recording contents digital camera power shots s 60 hs neck strap battery charger battery pack the getting started manual I'll just click through it to give you an idea it really is five pages in each language


Hi, I'm Mark Zimmer. I'm here today at the Sheboygan County Historical Museum with my display of antique radios, and we're going to give you kind of an overview of the history of radio and some examples of What is in my collection? I've always been fascinated with radio When I was 10 years old my uncle gave me my first antique radio and that kind of set the bug in me which really took off after I finished school I found my first antique radio and from then I never looked back, so I've been a collector now for oh at least 45 years, I guess and I do have a private collection That's quite extensive and represents the whole history and technology of the radio industry radio really first got its start in the early teens and during World War one is when the technology really took off and developed and a lot of the major players during that time were involved in wartime technology production for the United States government and Was used in World War one in the trenches and of course back then in its infancy radio was mainly used for communication during the trench warfare time of the war and One gentleman named Edwin Armstrong was instrumental in creating the radio circuitry and Necessary technologies to provide that radio service to the troops and of course after the war was over It was recognized that radio was an up-and-coming technology that could be used for broadcast of entertainment news to the public and so at first all it was available was kits and plans and Individual had to build their own radio because there were none available in the store And if we come over here, we'll see an example of a homemade radio set from the early 20s This is a homemade set that was made in about 1921 and it features over here is a crystal Tuner and that's where the antenna Was hooked into and the radio waves were picked up by moving this little lever around There's a little poker on the end of this lever and it hits a galena crystal and once that circuit is complete It would transmit the radio waves into this contraption here, which is a Both a tuner which has got a slide on it here that allowed you to go up and down the radio dial You might say and this is an inductance System for changing the capacitance of the condenser, which is this it's a technical thing But that's how people listen to radio back then it required no power other than plugging it into a very long antenna wire And then of course in the very early days of radio A company was formed by a gentleman named David Sarnoff who was an immigrant from Russia and David Created a company you may have heard of called radio corporation of America or RCA and RCA was simply a paper company, but David was smart and he contracted both General Electric and Westinghouse to design and produce the first some of the first radios to the public For their use in receiving entertainment news and this is an example right here of one of the first radios made by the radio corporation of America RCA and It's also a Crystal set as well It uses no tubes. It works pretty much like that radio.  You can see the little gizmo Picking around on the galena crystal and this is your tuner here Then it went from crystal sets to early tuned radio frequency type radios and we have some in different examples This is a one tube radio right here.  So it's a very basic set was very affordable back in the day You know it was kind of like the every man Radio not unlike the Model T Ford and of course you use headphones to listen to this radio too Technology continued to evolve It this is one of the first portable radios that you could take to the beach and this one was made 1924 it's a crossley radio and it's it's in a leather case.  And of course it did have a dial for tuning the frequency WHBL Any anything 6 20 a.m. Milwaukee. That's how you did it with that and these are different tap settings for setting your different Inductances and of course you have your volume control over here and these are all your different hookups for your Batteries that used different types of batteries to make it work So you were not only lugging the radio to the beach, but you needed a loudspeaker Which is what this is. This is an early Magnavox radio speaker So you'd hook that all together and then you had to lug along your your batteries too and those batteries weren't your little A&B C&D type bright battery cells. They were big Long cylinders and boxes of of batteries So it was kind of a pain, but that was technology at its finest back in 1924 Here's another fine example of a 1923 radio for in the home. It has a built-in loop antenna on it You know a lot of times people had to go outside and string up a wire From the house over to a tree or something This one had a built-in radio and it was made by a company called de Forest, which was part of Lee de Forest's operation and Then has little portholes in here so you can see the tubes and when you're operating it And they you'd see the glow of the tubes through those portholes and It has a place down underneath to store various See if I can get that open you could store various things in here like extra radio tubes and certain types of technical Inductance frequency Acceptors etc etc so And it all closed up, you know They tried to make things look like a fine piece of furniture back in those days Because this was the latest thing, you know It's like the new flat-screen TVs of the day only this is 1923 but that was a proud piece in the family's home so Because of that a lot of companies took advantage of that and they tried to make it into art And that's what this is. This is a an old 1927 super eight neutral wound It's called and as you can see it's got a very unique design to it and tuning it required tuning all three of these dials to make Make it accept a radio frequency. So if you were trying to listen to WHBL or something else you'd tune this one here and this one to there and this one to here and then you'd monkey with your volume control and your Inductance settings and things of that nature and after a little fiddling you'd be able to pick up WHBL And they had a lot of power, but it was a lot of messing around Again, here's a Atwater Kent, which was a very popular radio in its day as well and Atwater Kent was kind of considered the Cadillac right radio manufacturers back in the 20s and They started out with again radio that operates off of batteries and and a loud speaker and Inside it's it's pretty simple. You can see the tubes in there. It was a five tube radio and had The three tuning capacitors on it that all three had to be tuned in to a certain degree in order to achieve radio sound Radio continued to develop in the 20s at a very fast pace and By 1928 they actually were making the first electric Radios for the consumer to buy ones. It didn't require Lugging all the batteries just simply plug them into the wall and plugged in your antenna so this is an example of the first electric radio manufactured by Atwater Kent in 1928 and It does play as you can see it has All tubes in here one two three four five six seven tubes and Each tube had a specific Duty in the operation of the radio the big one in the back operated regulated the power for the different tubes This tube here is what they called the Detector tube and it operated very similar to those crystal radio sets. I was showing earlier Where you had to poke the Galena to get the signal? That's a that was your signal receiver and then you have tubes in here that Amplify the sound audio amplifier tubes and the other tubes that work in the Radio circuitry. So this was a self-contained radio. The first electric has a rather unique speaker too, which was part of the whole operation and of course we've got some vintage 1928 music being transmitted into the receiver right now and It radio continued to develop and by the late 30s most of the technology and Circuits design had gotten to the peak level of what am could do in the marketplace And we have an example over here of a couple of radios This is a detritola from 1937 By the time this radio was made in a short ten-year segment radio was already coming up to the Peak or the zenith of its ability to receive Signals and you could not only get am signals like whbl But it also had short wave bands on it So you could listen to the police band and you could listen to the very a short wave bands and you could hear London and Germany and China all in this set and By the late 30s and early 40s Edwin Armstrong the gentleman who was instrumental in some of the first radio technology had invented FM broadcasting or frequency modulation Broadcasting and we all know that FM is a far superior to am and as far as static and noise goes and FM began its course and pretty much phasing out what we today know that am is a thing of the past and FM is where things are before Streaming came into existence. So it's a long story. It's it's interesting history It's fascinating technology, and I'm glad that I'm able to share it with you today My name is Sandy Colby, and I am a collector of snow people we are looking at various cross stitch and Other hand-stitched snow people on the big red board and now we're going to walk over To some of this stuff that I've done. We have a quilt on the bottom and most of the rest of these are Crocheted we also have some embroideries That were done on some automatic machines We also have a few ties That are just thrown into the rest, but most of the rest of these have been crocheted or quilted Everything on the Christmas tree has been cross-stitched They are all patterns that I have and then we have this batch over here, which are mostly crocheted However, we do have a few things that are bought Well, I'm Chuck born and I'm a local she plug-and-falls farmer and This started I think when I was ten years old I opened the farm journal magazine and Saw that John Deere was getting Done with the two cylinders and going to four cylinders tractors It was called the new generation tractors, and I when I was ten years old. I said that's my tractor I like I love them. I love the body styles on them and I Still farm with 30 20 and 240 tens so I Started collecting these oh Back in the 90s. I guess most of these are from implement dealers This is a That's a 3010. That's one of the first ones they came out with in the 40 tens and I also collect line L trains at home and these are some Trains that came out with the new generation John Deere's on them and These are all this size and then They're starting to come out with What are these one 32nd? Tractors now and I kind of like to collect them because they're a little smaller. They don't take the shelf space, but And the interesting thing is on somewhere in the 60s John Deere decided to They were making garden tractors, and they thought they could sell more by painting them different colors and It didn't go over too big and They ended up painting a lot of these green and selling them and if you can find them. They're pretty rare but You know the we go into some of the bigger ones of the 60 30 Was the most highest horsepower John Deere or a tractor made it. It's time to wheel drive and they made these oh up through 76 I believe the 60 30s so I never had too much use for the two-cylinder John Deere's but these were Mechanically simple There's no electronics whatsoever. You can start them without The battery even connected if you run them down a hill they'll start up and you can work all day with them, so Yep, so this book here tells the the whole story of How they were developing the four cylinders while still trying to make a living selling the two cylinders because If the farmers knew that they were coming out with these they wouldn't buy a two-cylinder, so oh My name is Randy stocky. I Take care of bonsai I sort of say it that way because It's almost like having children that you have to care for There's some of these that Literally you can see that they're they're rescued where some people buy something a bonsai and They don't know what they're getting themselves into and I ended up with several of these simply because They don't know what they have and they don't know how to take care of them And when they're just about dead because they know I take care of plants I had my own plant business for a few years Way back and so I started saving them collecting them from other people bringing them back to life and It's always just become a habit hobby for me. I've done it almost all my life. I've always liked plants The plants on this side of the table are all Ones that would be in the house and the ones on this side of the table all would be ones that Would be in the greenhouse at this time of the year There's this one here and it's one of the oldest ones Tamarack it it's probably the oldest one on this table right now and it grows so slowly because It only has half a season it only grows half a year and then it goes dormant So right now it is in the dormant stage and it'll just be starting to butt out You can see where the little buds are all starting to come out now So this tamarack would probably be at least 15 feet tall in the wild had it had it been growing so There's a few of these you can take just about any kind of plant or shrub in that in nature You can take a flowering shrub and do it with So and you I've been doing this just now where you train The branches to go a certain direction So you can bend them One thing about bonsai the theory of it is is that you don't necessarily Have branches overlapping themselves any more than necessary each branches like its own arm its own entity So you try and train it that way so that every arm has a different or its own direction So and that's what I've been doing and a lot of bonsai is basically just trimming So some of these you trim So much per year You you train it so much per year You might leave the wires on for a year or two and then after that the branch will stay there normally naturally So it's training and that's what bonsai is all about. I grow my own Moss right in my own greenhouse so that I always have something to Keep it moist That's the thing with bonsais. They always need to keep moist be no wait moist That's why I say they're just like children you you need to take care of them almost every day If I go on vacation I I worry about the people I leave behind just to you know, take care of them while I'm gone So it's it's my love Morning, my name is David Weinholt I grew up in Sherman Center on a dairy farm between Adele and Random Lake and When I moved to Sheboygan Falls to start my career I started hearing about the Sheboygan Falls creamery and I also found out that my uncle used to work for the creamery as well when he was after high school, so I started collecting bottles probably in the 1980s and Just found him at antique shows bottle shows Thrift stores and estate sales So my collection includes primarily Sheboygan Falls creamery items you particularly can see some of their cook cheese cottage cheese containers the large bottles at the end of the display here and I'm particularly kind of Fond of finding those things in my uncle's collection, which are in the center of the table some of the premium items that they might have given away during the holiday season and then in addition to the Sheboygan Falls creamery I decided to limit my collection to Sheboygan County dairies So you'll see here on this side of the table some examples of Sheboygan dairies a few the Schlickding bottles which are very colorful that are in the back of the table and then Representative bottles from some of the other Sheboygan dairies in the in the city and just today one of the other collectors had a few bottle caps that he provided and So I've added to my collection just standing here at the collection today With a few other bottle caps from some of the Sheboygan dairies That he told me about so I Did a little research on the creamery as well at the Sheboygan County Historical Research Center in Sheboygan Falls And they provided some additional information and some pictures of the creamery when it was in action in Sheboygan Falls They got sold to Lake to Lake eventually and But went out of business sometime in the late 1950s My name is Matthew Cider and I collect bobbleheads I've probably been collecting bobbleheads for maybe between eight and ten years now. I've always loved sports Doing sports in the backyard with my brother soccer baseball basketball football just anything and watching sports on TV and Collecting things like sports cards or bobbleheads were just ways that you feel closer to the game So going out to a brewer game My mom would always try and pick games where there would be a bobblehead giveaway and that was kind of the beginning of my collection was Going to Brewer games and getting some of the giveaways As I got older, I really loved going to thrift stores. I also collect sports cards vinyl records and bobbleheads and Once I started being able to drive myself to Goodwill That's when my collection really started to take off finding different bobbleheads at Goodwill's and St. Vincent DePaul or garage sales and adding them to my collection Some of the favorites that I have here. I really love the the vintage ones for the Brewers also really like the Racing sausages. Those are some of my favorites. I'm more of a collector of opportunity If you will buy going to Goodwill's It's not something that I normally just seek out buying bobbleheads going on eBay, but When I come across them at a good price, I'll snap them up and out to my collection if I don't already have them And I think that's how you avoid Collecting junk and actually having a collection is when you're content with what you have but also always wanting to improve and I think you'll probably Find that a lot of the collectors here will tell you the same thing another favorite of mine some of the Packer ones are From my grandfather on my mom's side. He had a bathroom in his house That was just full floor-to-ceiling of Packer's memorabilia And so he would have these bobbleheads in there And I remember playing with these when I was really little the car in the airplane bobbleheads and so When he passed away he left a lot of these different memorabilia Bobbleheads things like that to my brother and myself. So those are definitely some of the favorites of my collection I'm Mike Hanlon. I am here as part of the collectors and collections with my collection of Records and ephemera from the record label of Ghost Box Records, which is a record label out of the United Kingdom The term that most often gets connected to Ghost Box is hauntology I think a way to think about that in a meta way is sort of a nostalgia for nostalgia Meaning that if you think about things from your childhood You can usually if there's things that you're trying to remember you can usually go onto YouTube and see things or listen To things or you can go to eBay and you can buy things There's a lot of things that if you want to remember those parts of your past you can really just go and experience them again But that's not always the way things were there was a time where if you're trying to remember those Oftentimes your memory was fuzzy. It was inaccurate misremembered or sometimes just completely fabricated and Ghost Box as a record label is sort of Built a world around those sort of misremembered memories All of the design work is created by one guy one man named Julian house Used to design record covers for other artists as well and he does all the work for Ghost Box and It's because of his age and his geography The record label has a very sort of 60s and 70s British sensibility to it, which isn't necessarily my background in my experience, but I do have a fondness for this sort of a style I Feel like there's a spookiness to it that is what first attracted me to it So some of the things that I've got you can see I've got all of the records that they've released on vinyl But I've tried to collect some other things as well. So there are posters from concerts that they've put on magazines with interviews I actually have a few pieces from other exhibitions other museums that have done some Showings of Ghost Box work. So this is a book that was from a Exhibition that happened in the United Kingdom There's also a couple pieces here that are from an exhibition that happened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania That was in 2016 and I was really excited about it I first saw that that was happening online and realized. Oh, this is actually happening in the United States So I spent the weekend and drove out to Pittsburgh on my own just so I could go see the things that were there Also a lot of prints That they created for promotional purposes for some of the things that they were putting out The text over here is from that Pittsburgh exhibition I think that kind of covers the majority of what I've got here in a nutshell I've also got some of the music that is playing I'll be playing records all day from Ghost Box records And I don't know how well it would show up on camera But the projections that I have in the back are from that Pittsburgh exhibition I had asked the Wood Street gallery if it would be all right for me to take some pictures They said yes, so I went ahead and I happened to have an iPad and I thought I'm never gonna see these projections again I just want to capture some of that so I cut that together in about a seven minute video before the Collectors and Collections event I'm Jeff Michaels and my brother Jerry is a collection from my dad's orchestra It started in 1937 and it was until 1967 and Here's some pictures as a picture of my dad with a saxophone and his orchestra Here's a poster from Random Lake. He played for the boat races out there and here's some Interesting stuff I have here pictures and They played at the Pioneer when they opened up that time for the grand opening and they played At Fox Hills when they had their opening and At the River or I should excuse me a pap theater and they played a lot of different places I didn't know all of them and Here's kind of the history of the band Here's some of the places that they played at you can see This is the original picture of the band from 1937 here I can get it up here here are the The all the guys that played in the band and here's kind of his business cards Stationery this is my brother Jerry. I'd like you okay. You tell me when you're ready for okay I want you to meet Don He's one of the guys that are left he and Bob Holler are two guys that I know are left from the band Hi John Madden formerly of Sheboygan and if you look over here through the far side You'll see my stuff from high school South High 68 There was one of the few guys that had a letter sweater That was pretty popular back in the 40s in the 50s, but mine's obviously the 60s I started collecting Sheboygan stuff Approximately 30 years ago besides my high school stuff and after college my wife and I moved to New Mexico and I was a band director for 33 and a half years Music is what made me a life Made my living walked out of college in those days with no deaths because I was playing in a rock-and-roll band We played at Geno's four nights a week the West Georgian tea company and a couple other groups So I always had a little coin in my pocket and speaking of coins down here on the table I collect Sheboygan bar tokens and For those of you who are not familiar with that when you walked at a bar in the old days You'd get a short beer. Let's say it was a quarter You throw down a dollar and you wouldn't get 75 cents in change Which you would get 75 cents in Good for type tokens from all these bars and a lot of these bars are gone But I've got over a thousand eleven hundred different bar tokens from all all different places And then up here this book is tokens from HC Prang for one five ten twenty five cents different stores bus tokens Good luck And over here are from Masonic Lodge and one of these was my grandfather My grandfather was also a dentist in Sheboygan And this is my casualty coming up here from New Mexico for today's show in those days A lot of the businesses had to have two languages one English one German for obvious reasons Times have changed and now it's English and Spanish Behind me here. There's all sorts of things Different arrangements have mentioned my name in Sheboygan This was this one here is just from a show that was in Sheboygan Sheboygan Herald 1879 cigars arrowheads They're pretty self-explanatory bank banks tax certificates from the 1860s And a little further over here just some old things. I Don't even know when the first one was At the University of Wisconsin in Sheboygan. I was with the first group of the What was known as the chamber singers and we visited Germany back in 1969 We had fund ratios almost every day and didn't cost anything because we raised enough money for about 30 of us to go Oh Postcards down here in front of me The way Sheboygan was from about 1910 right there. I've got about 350 different ones Different stores put out different things to collect here's the what is this the 30th anniversary of H.C. Prangie Which most of us are going to remember I Kept this one John's bar from World War two deck of cards Sometimes I find little things Lot of companies had patches for their employees to wear Certainly I respect Sheboygan police department chair city. This goes on and on Over here we got two of my favorite pieces. I also collect coins. This is a piece of what's known as national currency Sheboygan's Charter was number 11 150 $5 bill $10 bill and $20 bills were made Usually in sheets of four if you look at this serial number, this is the first $20 bill that was made in 1929 And if my wife finds out how much I paid for it, I won't be welcome back home This one here is self-explanatory to this is from a defunct bank that went under in the last century And this is only one-sided. This is known as obsolete currency 1856 but the novel thing here it was signed by James Mead Allah Mead Library This case here is something I made. I'm a barnwood guy These are all sterling silver spoons and they all have something in the bowl saying Sheboygan or cheese churches children and There's one little one here that actually says Sheboygan 1894 some of them have the initials in the back But these are all sterling These arrowheads over here were found in the late 50s at double e and Lakeshore Drive Over here this big boards got 30 different pennants that I've collected in the last three decades This is the only one that's got Sheboygan with the airport on which is what that's 61 years old now So central stuff high schools These are the ones that are tough to get With the extreme Headdress on them with all the they're supposed to look like feathers, but it's really nice stuff on the table now down here Are all my metals Some are religious Some are political Some are schools, but if it says Sheboygan on them, I like this one. That's why I grew a beard But what if it says Sheboygan on them, and it's a metal or a ribbon? I'll try to snap it up as best that I can Central high closed in 1960 so do the math on that one These little watch fobs were really really popular so popular that they put them on these political or military reunion ribbons These are a couple of really good ones. That's I think those are both 1890 ish. I Don't even I can't read them. It could be Slavic or Polish not even sure And here are some watch fobs all with a different little belt on them very popular in the 30s and pre-war This is a check from the German Bank and that was originally at the corner of Michigan and 8th Street on the northwest corner and It closed right around World War one because of the title of the bank Germany's causing the war so it kind of went under And over here These are also Obsolete's a one a two a three and a five from the Bank of Sheboygan Now I'm going to be honest. These are all incredibly good copies. I have the originals But they're a little bit hard to travel so their home and that's that and Finally, there's my harmony bar jacket. I wear that in Albuquerque, New Mexico and people know where I'm from but they think it has to do with music because I was a band director and It's just fun wearing that and I'm just honored and thrilled to be here. So I am Rebecca Schnabel I am the collections assistant here at the Sheboygan County Historical Society and Museum and I am currently standing in the museum's loft storage area It is one of About four storage spaces we have at the museum It is one of the larger storage spaces that That we use so the main things we store here include the Mechanical animation from Prangies that we have collected over the years including some of the examples. I have out here We also have up here our Garten toy collection our locally manufactured furniture and some of our Sheboygan Turner's gymnastics equipment as well as some storage space for Some of our prop material especially for holiday memories, which most people in the area are probably quite familiar with So Seeing lots of our our storage space We make use of our high ceilings up here in the loft trying to use as much space as we can in a safe and productive way So I can just kind of take a tour through the area I have been Inventorying all of the items that are up here So first off I can start with my workspace, which is kind of over here where I've been taking Photographs doing metadata Entries Working with the space that we have Next I'll kind of show you this is where we keep our garden toys. You can see our santa land elves I have one garden toy out right now Along with the catalog that's actually from the 1930s For people to see who are here today and Along with that if we keep walking this way then We can see this is where we keep a lot of our locally manufactured furniture So we have our way furniture. We have a bench here produced by Kohler the Kohler company We have armory chairs Kind of hidden in back. We even have old stadium chairs from Legion Park. I believe it was called We have other kinds of furniture and other kinds of electronics and Couches and a lot of our chair collection you can see up top Chairs and tables as we know chairs are a major part of Sheboygan history part of the four seas of the city We have a few even Pianos and organs. There are a few things up here that were not locally manufactured This lion here, which is a favorite of everybody's was actually used in some of the windows at Prangies as well So he's part of the Prangie collection And as we come around the corner, we can see a lot more of our mechanical animation from holiday memories So you may see some things you are quite familiar with over the years and maybe some things we haven't had out for a long time Another thing a lot of people will recognize is the nativity that we have out every year So that actually lives in these specially made crates It is Objects that we spent a lot of time and resources on to conserve and repair So we had specially made storage bins made for those And so yes, if we just keep moving forward, we'll just continue to see we have What we estimate is at least around 350 pieces of mechanical animation from Prangies Boston store Yonkers from the years And we're thinking it might be even more We're just now inventorying all of it. So we'll finally have an exact answer We can also see as we look kind of this way We have some more of our prop material that we use up above for holiday memories and As we continue to move this way It's a little hard to see because we've got the panels on it here but Santa's Throne lives up here as well and then some more of our other Kind of prop mechanical props even as well as a lot of our Collection materials curtains Miniature buildings Miniature Christmas trees all sorts of things like that and Let's be honest. I saved the best for last Everybody always wants to know We all know it's really Evergreen Park, but this is also the coveted home of the great Bruce the Spruce So as everybody always wonders to you at least can kind of see this is the inside of Bruce These blue squares as you see are actually his eyes So a lot of people ask if he's mechanical. He is not we actually have a person sit inside him each Year it rotates who's in there? And they will actually look through those blue squares to be able to see you and your kids smiling faces. So Yeah, thank you so much for joining me here up in our loft space


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2020 Tops Chrome Black Baseball Three box random team break number four One spot gets you three teams. So let's triple you up and all 30 baseball teams are in Let's roll it. Let's randomize it four and a one five times for names and teams one two three four And a one fifth and final time Paul down to Harry four and a one five times for the teams one two three four And a one fifth and final time Indians down to Tigers All right, Paul with the Indians Jackson with the Orioles and the Braves Harry with the Padres Brandon with the Rockies Rexford with the Yankees and the Nationals Harry with the Red Sox Brandon with the Phillies and Diamondbacks and the Giants Harry with the Cubs Rexford with the Rays Paul with the Brew Crew Jackson with the A's Harry got my Dodgers and the Bucco's Nelson with the Rangers Jackson with the Mariners White Sox and Twins Nelson with the Cardinals Brandon with the Marlins Blue Jays and Astros Nelson with the Mets Brandon with the Reds Paul with the Royals Brandon with the Halos and Harry with the Tigers All right. So while you're considering trades Let's pop open this fresh case Let's see what we got So We're gonna make stacks of three And then we'll roll the dice and we're gonna see which Which three we're gonna do. All right, so there's three boxes here three boxes there Three boxes over here. This is one with the bell.  I'll just roll again Two so we're gonna do that stack right there We'll just grab Another random three boxes the next time we run this back. All right, so we're gonna pause a video when we come back We're gonna see if there's any trades and then we'll have the break stick around All right, welcome back folks a tiny bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done here Thanks, everyone for making this happen We've got a few more of these breaks to do so get in on it jazby's case breaks calm see what we got all right There's Sean Murphy Kind of hard to see the black-on-black text there, but there he is Sean Murphy AJ puck And we've got Jake Fraley Seven out of 25 for the M's that's gonna be for Jackson and the Mariners The encased card is gonna be For the Yankee that's Glaber Torres nice these cards do look pretty sharp 87 out of 99 on that one Yankees Rexford with the Bronx bombers next box We got Fernando DeTis Jr. Another one for the Yankees Gary Sanchez And we got Ronald Acuna Jr. Poor Ronald Acuna Jr. 16 out of 99 Braves Jackson with the bravos The encased card is for the A's it's Matt Olson That's 66 out of 99 Jackson with the Oakland A's Next up got you Chang for the tribe There's Jacob DeGrom for the Mets and back here is Boba shut 7 out of 99 for the Blue Jays it'll be for Brandon And an RBI All right, and the last one here is Nick Solak rookie Otto for the Rangers and that's for Nelson and Texas That's that Really love this tops chrome black really good stuff popping out of here. We got more in the store So check it out on jazzy's case breaks calm. Bye. Bye