I'm Allison Kilgammon and I'm an instructor at UFE here in the upgrading and university prep department. For the Metis Community Support Worker Program partnership with MMBC, we decided that we would like to introduce students to the university life and allow them to upgrade any skills or education they need. So I came in as an instructor in the first semester and the second semesters to help the students upgrade English in the first semester and education and career planning in the second semester. As for the MCSW program as a whole, the idea is that the students will be able to earn a community support worker certificate through UFE, but they'll be able to have a Metis component with that as well. What we did in the upgrading and university prep department is, like I said, get the students ready for the program so that they'd be able to take all of the courses that are required. And as it's a set term program to have the students be able to work straight through and be able to get through everything that they needed early. That was what we were after in the UUP department program is a 64 week program and there's a practicum involved. Students have classes which are predetermined by the program directors at the university. And so as a cohort, the students will take the same classes as each other and they will take a set courses that are determined for them. So it is different from a university experience where students take whatever is going to work in their schedule. In this case, the schedule is made up for the students. All the different classes, each course will have specific learning objectives on their own. So they may include field trips or may include more practical applications. And then of course there is a big cultural component as it is the Metis community support worker program. So there are often guests come in, elders are available. There is a Friday cultural day where there are workshops. There are different events and potlucks. So the students do have the experience of activities that community support worker students would have with practical applications and field trips. And then they also have that in a cultural component as well, specifically for Metis. Well, we're not at the end of the program yet. We're in our third semester now, but I feel that I was very fortunate to be with the students in their first two semesters. Actually, I was their first instructor when they walked in on the very first day. I was teaching them upgrading English and they were with me for about seven condensed weeks right at the beginning of the program in the summertime. And so we got to know each other very quickly. And then again in September when the students had community support worker program courses. I was in again in my role from UUP doing education and career planning with them. And so they were very busy. We saw each other at a regular schedule of twice a week and they have their courses, other courses, you know, once or twice a week as well. So I did get to see them through their first two semesters and it was amazing. And I saw such a lot of growth and amazing difference in the students. As the student life goes, there are ups and downs at all times. So one student's trajectory may, you know, be different from another's, but definitely so much growth and insight into themselves as students as well as their cultural component and so much insight into their future careers, especially in the education and career preparation course I was able to see students think of their futures in a way that they maybe never have. They did a lot of exploring what their future careers possibly could look like. I spent a lot of time reaching out to others, doing networking, attending events, which they already had as part of the cultural component. But now they were doing activities where they would bring that into the classroom and then create an assignment out of it, which made it that much more concrete. So it was amazing to see students grew in the second semester, which was our fall semester in leaps and bounds. When we first were getting together and discussing how we would deliver the program, it was mostly UUP instructors because we were trying to get ready to start the students in their first semester with their upgrading and university prep. And so I can speak to how those meetings went, discussing how to bring Métis content into the classes. Certainly the instructors from the community support worker program who are now working for our MCSW students would put that in as well. But I just recall that it was amazing how we were brainstorming ideas. How are we going to get a Métis perspective into an English class? Which was my class and I was so lucky because you can easily put Métis plays, Métis poetry, Métis short stories. We had a summary of how to create a Métis sash. It was a summary paragraph and not only did they learn how to create a Métis sash, but they learned how to make a summary. So I was very fortunate for that the discussion of how we're going to get Métis content into math. You know, talking about plotting things, talking about how can we cute, how can we focus on patterns and then how to put Métis content into computers. Well, good for them. I'm sure that they did it somehow. So it was really exciting putting the Métis content in and I really loved putting that into the English class. It was, I learned a lot, the students learned a lot. The first poem that we did, the very first thing that we did was a poem that made everybody cry. So that was very good. I found that the cohort nature of the program was, it's really amazing. A cohort does have its own relationship, its own life. And having a cohort of students who are learning about their Métis ancestry and culture and identity, and who are also coming to school to embark upon an entirely new program, it's quite a special thing. And I think the cohort model is excellent. I personally felt very close to the students. I felt like we were all in this together. We were together every day in the summer, so busy. And then in September when they were taking five classes, I actually was teaching five classes. And so the mixture of ages and demographic of life experiences for the students, I felt like I could just be one of them. And we had a really good time together.


After we looked at the bot video workflow, let's look at an example live video workflow that, for example, broadcasters use when they are streaming a channel 24-7. So in this case, you could have different parts of the pipeline. So you can have a camera here recording the event, then you can have also files, for example, an SSSD drive, which then we made bot to live. You could also have that solution or, for example, you could have the streaming software like OBS as the input source. The next step is to then actually transmit these files through as a live file or as a live stream, for example, from OBS software, then you just go to the encoding part. But let's say we have a static file that we want to make into a live channel, we then can use something like ffmpeg, for example, to make that live rntp stream and then pass it through the encoding parts. Or if we have a very high bitrate channel, we could have, for example, sdim compressed going into the encoders, and we're looking at 10 bit 8 bits, for example, and a bitrate of around 1.5 gigs, so quite a lot. So the next step, once we have this source configured, is to actually perform the same operation that we do for bot workflows, which is to maximize the video quality while minimizing the file size. So in this case, we can have software only or cloud encoders, so we're doing a bitmoving or mocks, and these can run then on kubernetes clusters that make it scalable and allow for parallel processing of a lot of videos and channels, or you could have an hardware encoders, for example, by Armonic. And these can ingest SPI, for example, so 2022-6, which has a very high bitrate. And it's basically a compressed input. So we take the input from previous step, we then have an hardware encoder that can handle this much data rate. And for example, we have also backup encoders, which function in a way that if one encoder goes down, then the other one can substitute it. In this case, if we have a cloud example, it would be another kubernetes cluster doing that job instead of, for example, the backup encoder. But this allows for scalability in the cloud. Then the next step is to actually use the encoding profiles, like we saw for the bot example. And in this case, as well, we create different resolution and bitrates, depending on where the user will consume the media from. So for example, as we said before, we're not going to send a five-megabit video to a cell phone. We might send a 640 kilobytes one, because it's much lighter and can be consumed on a smartphone with a small screen and probably not such a stable connection. So we create these versions, either for dash or HLS. And we have AVR, which is adaptive bitrate. So basically, the video file, video string gets split into chunks of a couple of seconds long. And these chunks allow for the quality switching at the player level and also at the context level. So for example, if the user is a high connectivity initially, they're going to get a higher resolution bitrate file. And maybe they move then with their cell phone to an area of lower connectivity. And then the player will automatically pick the version at a lower bitrate resolution so the video can keep playing. Also, this lower resolution might be picked up first so that the video can start up quickly and then switch to a higher quality. So once we have done the different versions of the video file or of the channel that we're transcoding to live, we're then going to place the resulting manifest and video and audio files on a CDN. For example, we use Agmai MSL4, which then basically copies the files across a different number of servers across the globe. So users that are accessing from different parts of the world on different devices can get the files faster. So for example, if a user is connecting to the channel from Italy on a cell phone, it will be faster to deliver the video if the server is in Italy than if it's in later. So how does this all come together from the video dev point of view? The video dev then uses different parts for automation testing, for example, and visual quality analysis during the encoding to make sure that the resulting video files are good enough to be given to users. You can also have KBI's at the CDN level and also analytics there to see how the files are consumed. And you can have analytics at the player level and at the user level to see which files are being consumed most, which resolutions, and if they have any startup problems. And all of this information together allows the video developer to then adjust the encoding profiles and the visual quality analysis. So as you can see, there are a lot of figures needed for this job. We have software engineer, we have operators and architects because it is a very complex workflow. But at the end, it makes sure that users can get to their videos quickly and without buffering and enjoy it. Thank you.


HBC Degest Radio welcome back to a featured interview with luminaries and leaders from historically black colleges and universities today a very special interview it's not often that we get to cover band culture here with the digest but we will do just that today talking with leaders from two bands who collaborated for a pretty historic performance in North Carolina joining us today mr. Michael McGruder he is the director of bands at Winston-Salem State University and Tim Heath the director of athletic bands at Wake Forest University and you guys are in the heels of that historic performance at a Wake Forest football game where Winston and the Wake bands got together and and gave a pretty stellar performance so first congratulations to your boat to your both Michael we will start with you first and then Tim you join in with your perspective on it how did the conversations about this joint performance actually get started well for me Dr. Heath called me and asked if this was something that we could possibly do and I thought about it for a second and say absolutely if this collaboration is something that we could make happen I thought it would be good just not for both universities but for the city of Winston-Salem and Dr. Heath from your perspective so we were looking at ways to collaborate with Winston-Salem State University and I thought of the idea that we could use the the two bands during half-time and it was a great opportunity for us to be able to explore possible collaboration ideas and I called Dr. McGruder and just asking hey would you be interested in this and I had no idea if he was going to say yes or no we don't have time and he's like just like he said he kind of pause for a second I said yes this would be a great idea and it's a great so let me think a little bit more about this and I'll be in touch soon and that's that's kind of how it started on our end so how long did it take to put this kind of performance together because fans kind of see on the back end you know the finished product but what does it take to get two bands together practice time arrangements formations what is that like and how warp speed do you have to move to make that happen? Let Dr. Heath start that conversation. Sure so when we started looking at a possible date we were like let's go for the the opening game we thought this would be a fantastic way to do that the time line to start and go ahead and move forward the thing that was a little tricky for both bands is that we were in band camp and I think Dr. McGridder they were almost wrapping up band camp and we were just getting started with band camp so we were also you know learning everything that we're supposed to be doing for our normal home games and just throughout the season working on our own individual halftime shows and I think we had roughly maybe three weeks total to get this together the tricky part was there was not really an opportunity for both bands to get together to rehearse until the actual game day so just trying to determine how we can make that work and there was several phone calls several text messages several emails kind of looking at the timeline and picking a piece of music we didn't have anything arranged we actually purchased a piece that was already published for me I thought that would probably be a little easier on both of us being able to get that into the timeline and also working that into your rehearsal schedules to prepare and just to follow up on what he mentioned it was pretty tricky because we were wrapping up band camp we didn't have any immediacy we didn't have a football game ahead of us that next week or so so we say okay well this would be a good starter for us and working the music in was easy thanks thanks to you dr. he for writing the music and he also provided the drill positions for both bands so we work those in as we continue to work for our band camp so those things were easy for us and you know then this is another big moment for Winston-Salem State University we're used to big moments so things really worked out really well even the day of practicing it worked out really well so we know that band culture is really really unique and really tight for musicians they take it very very seriously and they take it seriously for life and that's not just exclusive to HBCUs but bands all over the country at all different kinds of schools even down to high schools in some places did you have any hesitation from your musicians or your alumni and this is to both of you did anybody kind of say you know I don't I don't know how I feel about this we have you know we're all marching bands but we have pretty unique cultures I don't know how I feel about melding the two was there any hesitation there from any of your stakeholders and how did you deal with that there was no hesitation on the part of Winston-Salem State University fans, alums, nor the students we did not hesitate to indicate that we wanted to participate in this event we wanted to kind of get an idea as to why this time of year by this particular game but other than that we thought it was perfect for us to start the season and it all worked up really really well so on the way far side I being the new director I didn't really know my students that well when when I brought the idea up I'd been with my leadership camp for one day and I brought it up to my leadership first and I had no idea if they were going to be excited or hesitant and I can say completely they were 100% excited I mean smiles on their faces they're like yes yes please let's do this and on the side of our fan base I have heard nothing but positive feedback and I never heard any any negative hesitation or anything like that prior to the event you mentioned that you're going to seek out opportunities to work together in the future what would that look like would it be for other games would it be home-in-home agreements what are the logistics look like that or what does the timing look like it doesn't have to be something you plan out you know with a lot of time in mind or you know months in advance knowing how it works now how do you create other opportunities to work together yeah that's very important question because I don't know how we'll be able to create another opportunity like this based on our schedules are varying schedules in terms of football seasons if this is something that could possibly happen down the road like he knows that he can reach out to me will be readily available if we can work it out absolutely I feel the same way I think it's a little bit of variables with with scheduling and just you know timing and just kind of seeing how each year falls into place but I think overall I feel like this is the beginning of something that could potentially expand now what that looks like right now I'm not sure Dr. McGreeter and I haven't really had much time to kind of sit back and talk a little bit about that but I hope that conversation continues and I feel like this is you know just the first step to many other collaborations and I also hope that it'll expand past just the marching bands I hope there's I think there's lots of room for other areas


The DuPont Company welcomes back to the entertainment world former Lieutenant Senior Grade Henry Fonda, United States Naval Reserve in his first acting role after his three-year service. Tonight, Henry Fonda stars in the now-it-can-be-told drama Spy on the Killer Cycles on the Cavalcade of America sponsored by the DuPont Company maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Before our play, here is Gain Whitman. Mark Twain once said that everybody complained about the weather. But no one did anything about it. Here's something you can do. Tomorrow you can get that car of yours fully protected against the freeze-up that's sure to strike many sections of the country in the next few weeks, maybe days. Stop at your favorite dealer's tomorrow. Ask him to clean the cooling system of clogging rust and scale with DuPont cooling system cleanser. Have leaks stopped with cooling system sealer. Have your car protected against freezing, rust, and corrosion by adding a dependable DuPont antifreeze. All of these car protection products are examples of DuPont's better things for better living through chemistry. Now for the first time, the story can be told of how government agents checkmated an enemy spy invasion. The DuPont Company presents Henry Fonda in the role of government agent Selden Kramer in Spy on the Killer Cycles on the Cavalcade of America. Our story opens in wartime America. At Dorchester, Massachusetts, government agents are attempting to track down an illegal radio transmitter. There it is. Did you get it fixed that time? Somewhere between 90 to 94 degrees. Gosh, Kramer, he doesn't send long enough for me to line him in accurately on this direction. Yeah, it's like trying to get a fix on a will of a wisp. But we're getting closer. I'll shot it down.  Here's Johnson now. Let's see what he got. Hello? Johnson, did you pick him up that time? Yes, I did. I'm still another frequency. You know now, just like before. If it is a spy, he can't be sending much information. In some codes, he could be sending plenty, even in 10-second flashes. What fix did you get? Somewhere between 45 and 50 degrees. Hmm, 45 to 50, huh? He doesn't give me time to line him up exactly. Yeah, I know. But somebody is operating a radio transmitter illegally. And we're gonna track him down if it takes all year. Stick with it. But turns out to be a high school kid.  Well, let's check our readings on the map. 45 to 50 and 90 to 94 degrees. That should put our mysterious transmitter someplace in this half-mile rectangle. I better run back to Boston and report to the chief. MUSIC Sit down, Kramer. Thanks, chief. What about that illegal radio transmitter? Well, it's tough putting a finger right on it. Whoever does ascending is pretty cagey as messages are short and snappy.  Got the approximate fix? Here, take a look at this. This is a block map of one section of Dorchester. Now, we've got it down this far. The transmitter is located here, right here in this half-mile area. Uh-huh. But you can't get a pinpoint on it. Not so far. We've combed that neighborhood for hours. We know every foot of it. But this cookie goes on, sends a couple of words in code, and then he's off before we get the chance to nail him. So what's next? Well, we got a list of every pre-war amateur radio operator in the district. Willard and Johnson are checking on them now. Good.  Chief, we've got to run down that transmitter. The other men can handle that for the time being. Here, look at this, Kramer. I want you to run down this gadget. What is it, chief? That's what I want to know. Looks like aluminum. No, it's some kind of valoy, I think. Funny looking thing. Where'd you get it? Sent in by some vacationist. Says she found it on the beach. Another crank? Could be. Well, so far we've had packages from subways, unopened boxes containing everything from fruitcake to Limburger cheese. And now we've got a metal tube with hinges that open up. And I want to know what it is. Looks like some new kind of beer can. Don't need an opener. Just press the button, and there it is. All right, chief, I'll run it down and report to you. How about letting Willard keep in touch with me on the other things? All right. If it'll keep you happy. Maybe not happy, but I'll feel more satisfied. I just don't like to quit in the middle of a case. Summers, I wish you'd take this gadget and check with Army and Navy. See if they use these things in any of their operations. Funny looking thing. Can opener go with it? Seems to be some sort of a built-in release. Probably some screwball inventor's idea, the new boon to the modern Kitchenette bride, self-opening tin can. What's the word, Summers? Well, nothing doing as far as Army and Navy is concerned. It's not a flare shell tube.  And they had no idea what it might be. No, everybody fell in line with your notion. It might be a self-opening tin can. Well, we'll have to try something else. Yes, Mr. Kramer? Miss Oaks, will you get me Professor Roy Matthews at MIT? Yes, Mr. Kramer. Sorry, you couldn't help you out, Kramer. I wouldn't hazard a guess as to what that thing might be. OK, Summers, thanks for trying. Glad to help you out any time. See you again, Kramer. All right. Mr. Kramer, Mr. Willard is here. Oh, send him right in. Come right in, Willard. Hi, Kramer. Here's the stuff, reams and reports. After all that legwork, rest your feet. Thanks, my dogs have worn down the ankles. Tell me about it. I don't like to read reports. Well, Johnson and I scarred that half mile till we knew everybody by his first name. There's no transmitter operating, at least none that we could see. Whatever ham sets the word before the war, either dismantled or tucked away. Sure, none of them has been used? Positive. There are only three, one owned by a kid named Shaff, another by a guy named Collins. The third's owned by a Walder, Nedless. Shaff? In the Navy. Collins? In the Army. Nedless? Also Army. Anyone likely to have been using those transmitters? Nedless and Collins dismantle layers. Everything's locked away. Shaff's is in working order, but his mother and sister swear that no one's been near it. Keep your eye on the place? Night and day. No one went in or out or didn't belong. Who belong? Shaff's mother and sister in a border named Marquette. What's he like? Want to read the report? No, you read it. Jack Marquette, works in color shipyard, welder. What else, Willard? That's all. You think Marquette could get in to operate that transmitter? It's in Shaff's rule, mother and sister keep the door locked waiting for the kid to come home. OK, Willard. Good work. Stay with it. Right. Looks like a dead end. Maybe. See you later. We need help on this job. Hello. Hello. Hello, Kramer. This is Roy Matthews. How are you, Professor? Feeling fine, thanks. What's on your mind? Well, some girl found a gadget out on the beach, so today our problem isn't who done it. It's what is it? What does it look like? That's sort of a sport model tin can made of some kind of alloy that looks and feels about like aluminum. Send it over. I'll run it through the lab. Thanks, Professor. We can always depend on MIT. Good day, Kramer. Well, that ought to take care of that. What is it, Kramer? Chief, I'd like to take another rundown at Dorchester. Now look at the job. Well, you're wrong on both counts. You see our spy on the killer cycles is still at large, and I'd like to do a little check. I appreciate it. Summers reports it has nothing to do with Army or Navy, so I'm sending it over to MIT. They're going to run it through the lab. Good. I was never off of it. Miss Oaks. Yes, Mr. Kramer? On my desk, you'll find a metal container. I want you to pack it up and send it to Professor Roy Matthews at MIT. And close the note for me saying, this is it. What is it? Sincerely yours, et cetera, et cetera. Is that all? I don't like long letters. And oh yes, if Mr. Berman should call, tell him I've gone fishing. Fishing? You are, Mr. Kramer? Where? At Dorchester. I hope you catch something. Yes, yes, indeed. I hope so, too. Now, Mr. Kramer, ever since Danny's been away in the Navy, you know, Marcella and I have had to take in boarders. Would you like to see the room? Yes, I'd like to very much. Right this way, please. We have only one boarder, Mr. Marquette, a lovely gentleman, not a bit of bother, neat as a pin. Sounds like a wonderful guy to have around, Mrs. Shaff. Oh, he is. Of course, Marcella and I said we'd never take more than one boarder, but Mr. Marquette's been so wonderful. He's really been no trouble at all. I do hope you're not fussy, Mr. Kramer. Easiest person in the world, please, Mrs. Shaff. Here we are, then, right next to Mr. Marquette. Good. Of course, it's a little smaller than Mr. Marquette's, but he's been with us, and he needs a little more room for his hobby. Hobby? Yes, oh, he's so lonely, the poor man. But he does have fun with his photography. Oh, wonderful hobby. He passes so much of the time with it. Will $15 be all right, Mr. Kramer? $15? Oh, that's expensive for just a room, isn't it? I thought something like this. Oh, that's with board, Mr. Kramer. You see, the price of food is risen sky high. But if you want to eat out, the price will be $7 a week. Is that all right? Fine, fine, just fine. I'll pay two weeks in advance now. Oh, that's wonderful. And here's your key, Mr. Kramer. Thank you. Mrs. Shaff, did you say Marquette works in the day? Yes. Why? Well, I have a night shift. And I was thinking about sleeping during the day. Hello, Chief. Over here at the bar. And what's the idea of having me meet you in this beer joint? Well, I don't want to attract too much attention over at the rooming house. It's safer here. And what's this routine your girl gives me about going fishing? Chief, I think I'm on something pretty hot. Over at this rooming house where I'm staying, there's a guy named Marquette, see? Kramer, you're the best man I've got in this department. But the most obstinate. I thought I told you to stick to that tin gadget. I've got Woolard on this case. Just a minute, Chief. This is interesting. Listen, here's a guy named Marquette, a nice, steady, dependable border. Never goes anywhere, never does anything. At the shipyard, he's considered a good worker. So? So this is my problem, Mr. Anthony. I was wondering about a guy who has photography for a hobby, buys all sorts of developers, fixing bags, but he never buys any film. How'd you learn that? I checked at the photographic store where he buys his stuff. And furthermore, why would a guy like that keep bags of grain in his room? Grain? You mean, well, wheat, stuff like that? That's it? Now, why? You think you've got something? I know I have. And another thing, his room adjoins Danny Shaft's room, connecting door between. He could slip in, use a transmitter for a few seconds, then out. Mrs. Shaft and the daughter never would suspect. I see. Well, I'll get Willard to jimmy the transmitter so he can't use it. Oh, no, not yet, Chief. Because I got a rough idea that we might like to know whom he contacts and why. Well, I guess you're right. Yeah, I guess you've got something there, Kramer. Thanks, Chief. Oh, by the way, some Professor Powell of yours at the Institute has been calling you. Oh, Professor Matthews. It's about that metal gadget, I guess. Oh, good. I certainly hope he knows what it is. Yeah. Now, about this Marquette, I think it's great. Kramer, this is not your assignment, remember? That tin can gadget is praying on my mind. And I've got to know what it is. Right, Chief. OK, I'll run right down at the Institute and find out. Professor Roy Matthews, please. He's expecting me. Oh, yes, yes. Right in there, in the laboratory, sir. Thank you. Hello, Roy. What's cooking? Oh, hello, Kramer. I didn't hear you come in. The Chief tells me you called. Yes. Where'd you say you got that gadget you sent in? Oh, some vacationist sent it to us. Found it on a beach. You mean you're stumped, too? Not exactly. Come over here by the light. I don't keep me in suspense. Well, it's an alloy. German make. German? Yeah, they use it in place of aluminum. Now, take a look at it through the microscope. See anything? Are those powder burns on the bottom? They are. So? Notice anything different about it? You added something, didn't you? Just a couple of catches to hold the tube shut. These are spring hinges. The tube closes. And the catches keep the tube from opening. But if a cartridge is fixed to go off and arrange so that the force of the explosion, or just a tiny one, pushes a plunger like this, and the tube flies open and releases whatever inside. And what's inside, an incendiary bomb? Oh, nothing that exciting. Here, we'll put some light inside the tube. Now, look through the microscope. Oh, I don't see anything.  Oh, yeah. I see them. An ornithologist would tell you those were fragments of feathers. Feathers? Hey, feathers. Grain. Wheat. What's the matter with you? You did it, Professor. You did it. I'll thank you later right now. I got to get to the office. You're listening to Henry Fonda as government agent Seldon Kramer in the dramatic adventure of The Spy on the Killer Cycles on the Cavalcade of America, sponsored by the DuPont Company. Maker of better things for better living through chemistry. Government agent Seldon Kramer has pieced together several widely separated bits of information, all pointing to activities of the German espionage. He reports his findings to his chief. And I'm telling you, this is it, chief. That metal can is a pigeon carrier. Shot off a German sub. The can flies into the air. The cartridge releases the springs. And the bird takes off. I get it. I get it. Sure, and it ties right in with Marquette. Marquette? How do you figure that? That's why he has grain in his room for a homing pigeon. A pigeon carrying film, film. That's why he needs developers fixing solutions. OK, pull them in, Kramer. No, not yet. Willard and Gilmore are watching his place night and day. They'll pick up any pigeon that comes in, bring it here. Once Marquette gets the message, you'll contact the senders by Shaft's transmitter. Then we'll mail the whole gang. Kramer speaking. This is Willard. We just snared a pigeon. Good. Bring him right in, and don't spare the horsepower. Yes? Chief. What is it, Kramer? Willard's on his way in with a pigeon. Have the cryptography man ready to code any message this bird might be carrying. I call Kramer. Tell him Willard is here with the pigeon. He's expecting you, Mr. Willard. Take it right into the dark room next to his office. Kramer? Yeah, good work, Willard. Give me that pigeon. Here it is. Easy. I thought so. 8 millimeter film in the tube on the pigeon's foot. Now, the first thing we do is develop this film, but fast. Then we make an exact duplicate negative on that optical printing machine. Once we have that duplicate, we put it back on the pigeon, and then Marquette won't know anybody tampered with his messenger or the message. Let's see what time is it now? 2.30. Marquette gets home at 5. That gives us 2 and 1 half hours to get set. The film's probably in code, and we've got to break it before Marquette gets the duplicate. The cryptography men are here, Kramer. OK, chief. Here's the film. Smithson, put it in the projector. All right, turn out the lights. There we are. Think you can break it? Five letter groups. All right, boys, let's get to work. A, X, B, X, A, first group. Second group, C, Q, F, T, Y, Y, M, A, C, B. Y, M, A, C, B. It's tough, Kramer. Now look, you've got to break it before 5. It's 4.15 now. Y for E gets C. Second group under first. Substitute C for Q, get A. That gives us C, A, L, L, call. Next letter's a no. Work on next group. Get it fast, boys. It's 4.40. Got it, Kramer. Message reads, call 8. Meet coast landing Saturday. Radio time and place. Coast landing Saturday. Kramer here. This is Willard. Marquette's on his way home. OK, Willard, the job's done. Thanks. Marquette's on his way. Open that window. OK, Mr. Pigeon. If you ever flew fast, you got to do it now. You're working for Uncle Sam. Did you get it, Willard? Right. Is it the same code? Same code. Hello, Chief. You still there? Still with you. We intercepted this message. The boys are decoding. Good. It's just as we suspected, Marquette started transmitting within an hour after the pigeon arrived. Here's the decoded message. Here's the message, Chief. Rendezvous Saturday, your sector. Good, going. And we've got the time of location, Chief. Good work. Well, Chief, they sure picked a good black night. Yeah. I just contacted Navy. They have two lighter-than-air patrols covering the sector awaiting our signal. Blimp's, huh? Yeah. That's going to get back to Germany if the Navy can help it. Got your sector covered? Yeah, we've got 40 men spotted up and down the beach. If those Chinese try to land anywhere within five miles of this place, they're going to be my own survival. Johnson calling. Chief, radio call. This is Johnson. Marquette left his house at 3.20 this morning.  No struggle. A German Luger 38 and a half mile flashlight. What shall we do with him? Johnson, bring him down here. Yeah, don't let him miss the party. OK, Willard. Check the sector. The time is 4.22. Everybody on guard. It should come in the next 30 minutes. I'll take the Navy wavelength. Sector 1, time is 4.22. Eyes open, next 30 minutes. Navy, this is Berman. Government, time is 4.22. Should happen in the next 30 minutes. Can you glide your blimps over the sector without motor sound? Government, this is Navy. Sector will be blanketed. We'll cut motors and spots up with radar. Any report, Willard? Nothing so far, Chief. Hey. What's up, Kramer? Look, a light. One long flash, two short ones. Quick, give me Marquette's flashlight. Willard, notify the entire sector on blanket wavelength. OK, Kramer, give him the flash and return. This ought to bring him in for the little rendezvous. Give me that mic, Willard. Navy, Navy, this is government. Start your glide and happy hunting on that radar. Here they come, chief, into the beach. Stand by. All right, Kramer. Give the signal. Get that search light on. That's good. There they are in rubber boats. Radio to patrol boat to close in. I'm going down and join the reception committee. Patrol boat, close in. Down here, chief. We nab the whole boatload. Good boy, Kramer. Welcome to the United States, gentlemen. We're glad to be here to receive you. Put the cuffs on him, Jordan. One of them got hit, chief. Willard, patch him up and have his chums carry him to the ambulance. What's this? Another rubber boat? Yeah, they were towing it. Well, now let's take a look and see what kind of presence these Nazis were bringing us. Well, will you look at this, Kramer? What is it, chief? Oh, coal of all things. Boxes of coal. Coal? Let me see. Well, how do you like that? Pick these lumps open, and I'll bet you'll find dynamite. Dynamite? Sure, why else would they have brought this stuff? A few lumps in the coal supply have a defense plant, and then wham. We've got another unaccountable disaster on our hands. Well, how about that? Boy, that's a new one. Look, Kramer, look, the big box of fountain pens. Fountain pens? Give me one, chief. Yeah. Well, how do you like this for a poison pen? Watch, chief, unscrew the cap like this. Put it in the ocean. Right? Clever people, these Nazis. Incendiary pens ready to write plenty of trouble. Well, we've spared ourselves plenty of trouble catching these saboteurs before they had a chance to put this stuff to work. Hey, chief, Kramer reports their blimps have spotted the sub. Good. I hope they don't miss. Look, the blimps have their searchlights on. Here's the sub caught in the light. They're trying for a crash dive. Right on the button. Good. Look at that. Well, that's the end of that sub.  Right. Willard, have your men bring in the stuff and see that our guests are made comfortable. Yes, sir. All right, boys, let's get busy. Well, that's that, Kramer. I think we can call it a night shift. Yeah, yeah. Not a bad night at that. Well, let's get back to the car.  A vacation? Now, wait, I'm in it, Kramer. Take it easy. I didn't mean for me. I was just thinking of that vacationer who picked up that metal tube and sent it in. What about her? Well, one fine day when this war is over, we can walk up to her and say, now it can be told. We caught a boatload of saboteurs, sank a sub, and trapped a spy on the killer cycles. Thanks to you. It will return in just a moment. Now, here is Gain Whitman. Can you imagine a show being a surprise to the folks who put it on? The DuPont Company put on an exhibit in Wilmington recently that surprised good many of us who work for the DuPont Company. It was a collection of about 2,000 things used by the armed forces during the war, made of or made with DuPont products. Here's why it surprised some of us. The DuPont Company has plants in several parts of the country, and under military secrecy during the war, the people at one plant often had no idea how materials made at another plant were used. Here they were at last, hundreds upon hundreds of them, out where everyone could see them. Take just one DuPont product, nylon, for instance. At one end of the room were tiny electrical coil forms no bigger than your thumbnail of nylon plastic. At the other stood a gigantic military tire, nine feet tall, and weighing 1,500 pounds, containing enough nylon tire cord to make 11,000 fares of stockings. There was gleaming nylon rope used to tow gliders behind a mother plane. And we got another surprise when we saw a glider tow rope with a loose braid of white, black, and red wires inside it, a telephone line. The pilots of the plane and glider could chat over the phone, and when the cable stretched, the wire stretched with it. We learned the jungle fighters were dressed almost from top to toe in nylon. Nylon headnets to protect them against mosquitoes. Nylon ponchos to keep them dry. Nylon jungle boots and shoelaces. We saw nylon cot covers and nylon mosquito tents and hammocks. We saw nylon stretches for wounded men. We saw armor vests of heavy nylon cloth in layers, cloth so unbelievably strong that it took the place of metal armor. And dozens and dozens of other things made of just this one DuPont product, nylon. Well, the war is over, and nylon is on its way back to you now. The DuPont company is making more nylon yarn than ever before, enough to supply every woman in the United States with more nylon stockings than ever before. As you know, DuPont makes the nylon yarn. Other manufacturers take the yarn and make the things you want, like stockings. It takes time for them to knit the stockings and dye them. It will take more time for the manufacturers to distribute hosiery to the stores. But nylon stockings are on the way. Made of nylon, one of DuPont's better things for a better living through chemistry. And now, here is the star of tonight's DuPont Cavalcade, Henry Fonda. Thank you, everyone. When you're overseas, you think about one thing, what it's going to be like to come home to America and stay home, what it's going to be like to see the family again after you've been separated by 10,000 miles of ocean and three or four years. Next week, Cavalcade will present the story of one such reunion. In an original drama entitled Children, This is Your Father. Loretta Young will be the star. I think you'll all want to listen next week at this same time to this absorbing story with lovely Loretta Young as its star. Cavalcade programs of particular interest to service men and women are broadcast overseas through the worldwide facilities of the Armed Forces Radio Service. The music for tonight's DuPont Cavalcade was composed and conducted by Robert Armbruster. Our Cavalcade play was written by Bernard Feins and Russell Hughes. Henry Fonda appeared through the courtesy of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. This is Tom Collins inviting you to listen next week to Loretta Young in Children, This is Your Father on the Cavalcade of America brought to you by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


Narcissists pretend to believe in God. Narcissists cannot meet the expense of having to believe in a higher power or anything greater than them because otherwise they would experience an adverse effect. It would prevent their development. It would be unfavorable for them. It would act against their activities and behaviors. It would act against their desires. For them to be able to be narcissists, they have to reject anything that is morally superior. They have to reject any belief system that goes against what they're intending to do because otherwise it would be in a position of authority over them because it would exercise guidance, direction and control. It would prevent them from doing what they do. But if there's one thing that narcissists can't stand, it's rules. They hate being told what to do. They want to do whatever they want to do whenever they want to do it. So they don't really believe in God because if they did, they would be a representation of God. But they're not because it's not genuine. They pretend to have values, morals and standards. It may look like they're compassionate because sometimes they may pretend to show sympathy and concern for other people. They may act like they're going to be fair and reciprocal of what you're giving to them because they have moral principles. They have beliefs about what is morally right and wrong. But you will never actually see that from them because they always have to put themselves first. They can't be fair. They can't have principles because otherwise that would mean you're equal. They have a need to be superior so they can't be fair to you. They can't be ethical in the same way as people who actually do believe in God. So this is what creates the problem because without God there's no representation of authority. So they're free to break laws. They're free to violate you because they don't really believe in anything. They're just showing you whatever they think you want to see to make you feel comfortable. To make you feel like you share the same opinions and interests of ethics and morals. But the reality is that they don't want to be subject to any rules, laws or guidelines that may interfere with these behaviors and activities that bring them amusement and enjoyment. They can't delay gratification. They can't delay the satisfaction of their desires. So they have to have it whenever they want it, which means that they will cheat, lie and steal. They will do things that you can't even imagine. Things that you never thought they'd be capable of. Because there's no limits or restrictions in their world. If they want it, they will go and get it. Regardless of what commitments they're meant to have to a relationship or to God. They will do anything to get what they want. And you've only got to look at the way they behave to see that. They lie and deceive. They act without thinking. Because they're heedless of danger and other consequences of their actions. Which results in them being unpredictable. You never know what they're going to do next. They display a complete lack of feeling and consideration. They have very toxic energy.  Because they have the ability to negatively affect your life. So your physical, emotional and financial wellbeing is in serious danger. Because they're destructive to anything they come into contact with. When you first meet them. They may seem kind, given and accommodating.  Because that's all they're ever going to do. They're just going to pull you down so that they can enslave you. But they're very good at imitating normal, rational people. They can act compassionate, sympathetic and generous. But it's just because they want you to think that you can trust them. It's to make you feel like you're safe. Because they want you to think that when you're around them. You're protected from danger or risk. You're not likely to be harmed. But it's all a facade. It's a deceptive outward appearance. It's you solely to prevent you from catching on to the fact that you're dealing with a fraud. Someone who is pretending to be something else. In order to deceive you.   And they do all of these things to you. Because in their minds they think that they are God. Which is how they eventually become the creator and the ruler of your world. They become the source of all moral authority. The judge, jury and the executioner. The all-knowing and the all-seeing. But what they're actually doing is seeking power. Because they feel powerless, weak and scared inside. They seek power and control over you. Because it makes them feel safe and less fearful. They see themselves as having unlimited power. And is able to do anything. So they can't acknowledge anything greater than they are. Because everything has to revolve around them. And in their minds they've already reached what they need to be. Their minds are made up. They've already figured everything out. There's nothing more for them to learn. They're not even trying to grow. They're not even trying to advance or make progress. Which means that they don't even exist. Because they're not even living. They have no objective reality. So they're not even real. Because there's nothing that's independent of their mind. There's nothing independent of their conscious awareness of it. Which means there's nothing that can stand by itself or be self-validating. It's whatever they want it to be. Instead of what it actually is. So you're not even dealing with a fully developed human. And they're already aware of this. They already know that something is wrong with them. If you've paid close attention you will have seen it. You will have noticed that they're already aware that something is not right with them. They know they're corrupt. They know they're dishonest and immoral. They know they're negative. And they already know the effect that they have on other people. Which is why they're so suffocating. It's why they always have to be around you. It's deliberate and intentional. Because they already know that with the way they are. It's going to make you uncomfortable. It's going to make you feel trapped and oppressed. But in their minds it just tells them how powerful they are. It just gives them fuel. Because there is no God within them. There's nothing that has power over them. Because they see anything good as a weakness. They see it as something that exposes them to harm. They believe that you can't do right and not be weak. When in reality it's actually the opposite. It takes strength to do good and do right. It takes strength to love. It takes strength to be kind. It's easy to be foolish and reckless. That's the whole point. They lack discipline so it's difficult for them.  They don't really see themselves as a victim. But they will play the role. And they will use it as a strategy to overpower you. To trap you as their supply. Because all they really care about is fuel. That's what motivates them. The power to lead you astray. To lead you away from the correct path of direction. To lead you into error or morally questionable behavior. To make you believe in the things that they believe in.  But they will try to take you away from God. Because then you're just the same as them. And that's what they want. They want to deprive you of your values and beliefs. And they will often do that by playing the victim. By making you believe in things that are not true. Things that are only meant to deceive you. Because they see that as the source of their power. And at one point they may have been victims. But they're not anymore. Because now they're manipulating you. They're using you to their advantage. So that they can be in an authority to position over you. And get you to do what they want you to do. But they already know they're not victims. Their power lies in convincing you. Because that makes them feel like they are God. By lying to you and giving you a false and misleading account of their true nature. Because they will do whatever is needed to get what they want. They will pressure and influence you to act with their desires. To unwinnily accept their opinions and decisions. Because they see it as though they can get you to do what they want. Then why do they need a God? The only thing they believe in is themselves. They're characterized by an unfounded certainty that they are totally correct and morally superior. When it has no foundation or basis in fact. It's not based on actual experience or observation. There's no history. There's no study of past events. There's no chronological record of significant events. There's no examination or observation of other suggestions or ideas. They just arrived at this conclusion on their own. With no systematic study or documentation. Which is why they don't think they're accountable to anything. They don't believe in karma or the laws of cause and effect. They don't believe in anything. So when things are going wrong for them in their lives. They're not looking at it as though it's God or karma. They don't see it as though it's the result of what they've done. Because in their minds they're above everything. So no act of punishment can be passed down to them. Because there is nothing greater than them. Which is why they're defective because it's hardwired in their brain. Causes them to be narcissists. It's not just a result of past trauma. Because not everyone who has been hurt feels the need to hurt someone else. Sometimes it just makes us even more compassionate towards other people. They hurt people. Because they're unable to think clearly or behave in a controlled and logical way. Because they have a mental illness. They're not normal but it's still a choice. They choose to put themselves first. They choose to be abusive. And they're fully aware of what they do and the effects that it's having on you. Because they're not autistic or bipolar. They don't have a mental illness that impacts their decision making. If they did then maybe they would be more deserving of our compassion and understanding. But narcissism is not like that. They know what they're doing. They're seeking power so they're only concerned with their own beliefs. Which is why it would be harmful for them if they did believe in a God. If they believed in God they wouldn't be narcissists. They would become normal. But they want to be anything but normal. They don't want to conform to standards that are usual. They don't want to act in accordance with what people expect. It may seem like they do at times. But that's just a part of them in a relation. It's only intended to deceive you. So that they can gain power over you. If they really believed in God. They would believe that they have to answer for their actions and behaviors. And then they wouldn't be a narcissist anymore. Because then they would have to think about their decisions. They would have to justify their behavior and attitude with logical reasons. And they would have to consider the consequences of what they're doing. If they just happen to be wrong. Which is why they have to be self-righteous. They have to believe that their ideas and behavior are morally superior. As though it's for a good cause. So they're justified in doing it. But this is what makes them so dangerous. Because there's no distinction or contrast. There's no difference between two similar things. They don't honor anything from anyone who has a different set of beliefs. They don't take that into consideration. And instead they just pretend. So by default they can only be destructive. They can only be negative and unhelpful. They can only exploit you. Because there's no incentive for them to be concerned about your well-being. There's no reason for them to care about what happens to you. So they can just get rid of you when they no longer have a use for you. Because they don't even see you as a real human being as well. They can't perceive you as anything more than an object. As something that they can use. They don't see you as a separate person with your own feelings and needs. In their minds you're just a means to an end. You have no deeper or meaningful purpose of your own. Which is why they're so dangerous. It's why they do humanize you.  They remove you from the qualities of independent thoughts and feelings for other people. They deprive you of your personality and dignity. They take you away from kindness, generosity and independence. Because they don't see you as a human being. Which is why they're not going to treat you as one. But they know that they're sick.  They know they feel strong and pleasant emotions. And a person who is at least with the bounds of sanity and normality. And who knows they're not right. Would not want to deliberately share this sickness with someone else. But they don't see it that way. They don't interpret how it might affect other people. They don't care about anyone but themselves. So as long as they get what they want it doesn't concern them. They will go around other people even though they know that it might infect them. Because it's all about them. And that's what makes them so dangerous. Because they're selfish and self-centered. They don't value anything outside of themselves. And clearly they don't even value themselves. Because if they did they wouldn't be engaging in these types of behaviors. And they already know it. They know they're toxic. They know that something is wrong with them. They know they have a problem. Which is why they're covert. It's why they keep the abuse hidden. Because they already know that something is wrong with them. They know that no normal person would want to deal with them if they knew what they were involved in. Which is the whole point of their manipulation. It's why they give it a false character. It's why they don't just put all of their cards on the table and show you exactly who they are. Because they already know that they're wrong. They know they're bad. They know they're no good. They know they're damaging and destructive. They know they don't mean you know well. They know that they've affected people's lives. But in their minds it makes them powerful. If they can destroy and corrupt you. Which is why they end up welcoming and accepting their own negative traits. They end up developing a liking for it. They end up seeing it as a good thing. Because in their minds that tells them they're special and unique. They're powerful and important even though they're negative. Which is why they never mention or refer to God in any of their decisions. They have no conscience. They're barely even alive. They're just existing. And it's always at other people's expense.  Without giving anything back to you in return. Because they don't have anything. Which is why they're so negative. It's why they're marked by defeatism. They have a tendency to only consider the bad side of something or someone. They have a lack of enthusiasm and hope. Because there's nothing inside of them. There's just nothing there. So the only way that they can survive is by not believing in God. By not believing in anything that could hold them accountable. Because if they were to do that. They wouldn't be able to survive as a narcissist. So it's very important for them to not believe. I'll talk to you soon.


distinguished journalists in the United States, the former executive producer of Meet the Press. She also serves now as a distinguished scholar at American University. She has spent some time in South Africa and has some sense of the expectations that South Africans have of this partnership. And she is one of the foremost experts in what's taking place right now in America in the election. So I hope that Betsy is connected and can hear me. I can hear you. Can you hear me? Hey, Betsy. Hey, how are you? I'm great. I'm great. It's nice to see you there. It's fantastic to see you. The last time I saw you was here in this home in South Africa. It was. So I was just telling our crowd here that you are quite familiar with this country, but you're also one of the foremost experts that we have in political campaigns in the United States, particularly presidential campaigns. And since this is the first U.S. election since 1988, that I'm sitting out. I'm going to rely on you to share some intelligence with our friends here to give them a sense of what's taking place in the contest, where it stands right now at this moment, and what some of the trends are that you see developing. Absolutely. And I'm happy to be here with you. It must be strange for you not to be pouring through the exit polls, right? I am pouring through it. You're still doing it. Well, you said earlier that democracy can be messy. And it can also be a nail biter. And that is what is happening right now in the United States. Everybody's on pins and needles. There's many key toss-up states right now that are too close to call. We're watching raw vote coming in. And this election at this point could go either way. So you picked the perfect time to come into this conversation because we are really at a moment that some big states could be coming up here and calling. We haven't called Florida yet. Michigan, it could be a surprise. Pick up for Donald Trump. His strategy thus far has been sort of that rust belt. He needed to kind of pick up a lot of these toss-up states and flip some of those, like Wisconsin and Michigan. And he's up in those states right now. So it really could go either way at this point. Betsy, can you help our South African friends understand the distinction that we are making between urban Americans and ex-urban voters who seem to be coming out in record numbers and performing well for Donald Trump? If I look in places in Northern Florida, for instance, it seems as if it's going to be very, very difficult for Hillary Clinton to make up the gap that she needs in Broward because of the performance in ex-urbs in Northern Florida. Right. And we're really seeing across the map here the largest divisions I think that we've ever seen between urban and rural America. And that's playing out in these key states that we're seeing Donald Trump winning two-to-one right now among white non-college educated Americans. And that's something that is very divisive in the country. We're seeing these large gaps among gender as well. And we're seeing things play out on education level and demographically on where people are living as you point out. So this is sort of unprecedented in the last couple of elections where we've seen this largest division right now between urban and rural America. Betsy, can we get you to just say a little bit more about the gender gap? Obviously, if Hillary Clinton should be elected this evening, she'd be the first woman ever to serve as the president of the United States. And that's been a dynamic throughout all of the polling. What are we seeing in the exit polls, seeing in the gender gap? And is there a difference between college educated women and non-college educated women in terms of performance for Donald Trump? Yeah, definitely. We are seeing this major gender gap right now. And especially when you add in that second component, like you said, among college educated. Most college educated women are supporting Hillary Clinton. Non-college educated women, it's a little bit more evenly split between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. If you mails, non-college educated mails heavily, heavily toward Donald Trump. So it is coming down to those gender issues. It's interesting, as you know, Hillary Clinton in this campaign, a lot has come up about gender. She's sort of embraced the concept of a first woman president breaking the glass ceiling. She's having her victory or concession speech, whatever it's going to be tonight at the Javits Center in New York, which actually is a glass building. And so maybe that was on purpose. But very different from the 2008 campaign when she ran, where she did not really embrace her gender. She sort of didn't want to talk about it. And this campaign, it's been much, much different. Betsy, two questions for me. First is about the race. And then another question about American institutions, particularly the integrity of our voting systems. So on the horse race right now, the horse race right now, I'm assuming that Florida is going to go into Donald Trump's column, which means I think that happens, that Hillary Clinton will need to absolutely hold on to Michigan. And I'm assuming she'll take Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania looks good for her right now, but he's already flipped Ohio. Yes, absolutely. But he doesn't seem to be performing as well in the observes in PA as he did in Ohio. But if we just look at her hold of PA, I'm assuming she would then need either Nevada or New Hampshire to get to 270. Is that correct? Yeah. She wouldn't need both. If you look at the map from 2012, where Obama had 332 electoral votes and Mitt Romney had 206. So she started off as an advantage if you look at that map. Now Donald Trump has been able to flip Ohio, so that's plus 18. He will most likely flip Florida. That's plus 29. So those are big pickups for him. She is the projected winner in Virginia, so she holds that toss-up state. But Nevada only has six electoral votes. Colorado, they have projected our winner there. That's nine. But it could come down to New Hampshire. And then again, Michigan and Wisconsin, if he flips those two, that's a total of 26 electoral votes right there. So his path tonight has really been from the beginning that he had to sweep all of these toss-up states and find some areas to flip. And that's what he's going to try to do in Michigan and Wisconsin. If you remember that for the last couple of days of watching this campaign, he was all over the place, campaigning in those battleground states, but also making trips to Michigan and Wisconsin. And it seems schizophrenic, but maybe there was some strategy in it after all. So just a question about our institutions and the integrity of our voting system. Coming into the homestretch, one candidate made a lot of noise about a rigged system and the possibility of this, that the election could be stolen. Are we seeing any evidence in any of the 50 states of any challenges at the ballot box? I know that the Trump campaign went to court in Nevada, and it was tossed out of court. Are we seeing any instances of any irregularities, anything that would make this question the integrity of the outcome? Not anything of significance. We have early voting in this country, and so in fact, kind of record numbers of voters turned out to actually early vote this year. And we did see an issue that popped up in Nevada where people were getting to the polls after they had technically closed, but the polls were kept open for them, and the Trump campaign sort of dispersed their lawyers to challenge that. It doesn't seem like that really is going anywhere, but that was really the only thing legal-wise that has happened so far that we've seen. But the United States, the VR elections here are not overseen by a grand concept of the federal government. They are run state by state. So you've got 50 states plus a district of Columbia that each have their own monitoring, the polls that open and pull closing times for the polls. You have the Department of Justice and their civil rights division that deploys election watchers to some areas. But by and large, the secretariat states in each state and at the local level sort of monitor for any sort of voting irregularities that come up. So I'm going to ask you two more questions, Betsy. I want to ask you a question about the prospect tonight, the possibility of having a split between the Electoral College and the popular vote, because we know that there will be a very, very large vote total that comes out of California for Hillary Clinton. Right. So I'd like to get your sense of there's a possibility of that split and the implications of that. And then I hope that you can have a conversation, a quick conversation with our friends about what life might look like on the other side of this election, regardless of who wins, because of just how incredibly polarizing the contest has been with the growing prospect that the Senate, more likely than not, will be held by Republicans. It's already clear they're holding the U.S. Congress by a healthy margin. What do you see for the prospects of bridging some of the divides after January 20th with all of the challenges that exist between the parties and intra-party? Yeah. Well, in terms of the Electoral College and what we might see happening there in terms of a popular vote margin, there are some places, like you point out in California that would expect for her to put a lot of points on the bar. But our system provides that the winner, winner-take-all system in the state so you can win a state by one vote and get all of the electoral votes that go along with that state. Hillary Clinton made a lot of inroads into some typically red states. She was doing some outreach in, for example, Utah. Georgia, which she's not going to pick up, but she probably put points on the board there. And some of these states that are, you know, part of the blue wall that we talk about in the Electoral College, states that have been blue for the last couple of election cycles, big-populated states like California. The last time that happened in the United States, of course, was 2000 with Bush versus Gore. And, you know, we all know how that turned out. But it's really only happened four times in our history. I was on the globe and spent weeks in Broward County. Yeah. I was hanging chads and all of that. But, you know, this, you know, as we were talking about before, these enormous divisions that exist right now. I just have a couple of statistics from the exit polls to read you about sort of what people's mood are right now. Four in 10 voters in the exit poll said they'd be scared if Trump is elected. Three in five said that the country was on the wrong track. Two thirds said that their personal financial situation is worse now than it was four years ago. So we have that sort of economic issue in the way in here. And half of the, half of voters were disatisfied with the way that the federal government is working. So we have the mood of the country right now. It's going to be very hard. This election is not going to end tomorrow and then everything is going to be fine. I think there will be a peaceful transition of power, but you're still going to have a large percentage of the electorate unhappy about the election results. It's interesting to see those sharp wrong track numbers when you consider that Barack Obama has a 54% approval rating in the U.S. today. So really hard to reconcile those two things. Right. And Trump has tapped into that. That's right. I'm going to conclude by asking you just one last question about what we see as demographic trends in the United States. And I'm going to ask you to please address that in the context of the question of immigration reform. Much has been made about the performance of Latino Americans in states like Florida, Nevada, California, the participation we've seen from them in early vote. Some of that is in response to the rhetoric around immigration reform, but there seems to have been a backlash against some of that in the excerpts. What does the new America look like in the next five, 10 years? What are the political implications and how should our allies here in South Africa and elsewhere think about all these issues? Yeah, and immigration has been, you know, this basically has been a rather issue-less campaign. I'm sort of sad to say that. But immigration has been one of the very few issues that has played a role in this campaign. And we're seeing more and more, you know, talking about demographics, more and more Hispanic voters. But historically, Hispanic voters, as compared to other demographics, haven't turned out as a higher rate. So I will be curious to see in this exit polls what percentage of the Hispanic voters actually did turn out to vote in this election. But the issue of immigration, very divisive. And, you know, Donald Trump, when he stays on message, that has been one of his messages throughout the campaign, make America great again, build a wall against immigration in Mexico. And he sort of tapped into, you know, into that sentiment that some people in America had. And like I said, this is not going to end tomorrow. This is going to be a debate that is going to continue in the months and years to come, probably. Betsy, I lied. I actually have one more question for you. One of the more pronounced dynamics in this contest is the criticism that we have seen of your industry. Oh, yeah. Media reporters who have come under direct attack by both campaigns. There's a cynicism that's really taken root in much of America about the free independent press. And I wonder if you might have anything to say about the performance of the media in this campaign and what the implications are going forward, particularly with the prevalence of our ability to curate our own news on social media platforms. Yeah. And I think that, you know, if we do see, you know, Donald Trump victory out of this, there will be sort of a lot of media soul searching because, you know, early on, you know, then the question is debatable. Did the media create Donald Trump or did Donald Trump start doing well to get paid more attention? But there's no doubt that during the primary process, he was given an inordinate amount of free media, as we call it, where he would, you know, have his rallies be sort of uninterrupted on cable news. He would be able to call in to interview talk shows like the show I used to produce Meet the Press would be unheard of for us to have candidates calling in to do interviews. He was allowed to do that because at the end of the day, the television news executives live and die by ratings. And so he was a ratings draw and they kept putting him on the air. And I think there will be a lot of soul searching.   And he's really sort of made this kind of anti-media campaign a centerpiece of all of his rhetoric. But I do think that there will be some self-reflection as we look back to see about how could we have done more scrutiny of Donald Trump earlier in the election? You know, he's also a candidate who actually started to ban reporters. We talked about the First Amendment. If he didn't like, you know, what a publication published about him, he would simply ban their reporters from covering his campaign against. Again, unprecedented in any sort of recent times that that would happen. So the press and Donald Trump, I think that sort of back and forth war will continue. And I think, like I said, there will be some reflection on how this campaign was covered, especially in those early couple of months. I think there'll be reflection not only amongst the journalists, but amongst pollsters as well, because the model is breaking right now. Betsy, thank you so much. Thank you for having us. I know you're looking forward to your next time in this country. Let's go poll watch. Thank you. Thank you.