Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners. Thanks to all of you, including Larry Bailey, Michelle Serju, and Miss Music Teacher. Coming up on DTNS, Ikea forges ahead with augmented reality, Shopify has a good use for NFTs, and the brave search engine gives you back control. This is the Daily Tech News for Wednesday, June 22nd, 2022. So many twos, deuces wild in Los Angeles on top of that. From Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. In Salt Lake City, I'm Scott Johnson. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. Now, I don't know about y'all, but I would like to start with a few tech things you should know. Yeah. Good idea, Tom. Amazon announced its first fully autonomous mobile robot called Proteus, designed to move large carts in warehouses. Proteus bots are equipped with advanced safety, perception, and navigation technology, so says the company, to avoid human warehouse workers. Amazon also showed off a robot arm system called Cardinal. They can select and lift individual packages up to 50 pounds expected to deploy in warehouses next year. Amazon told Forbes, replacing people with machines is just a fallacy and that it expects the robots will improve safety as well. I feel like now I don't believe them. I would have been fine until they said it was a fallacy. Doth protest too much. Fitbit launched a new sleep profile. If you're one of the people who pays $10 a month for premium, it'll examine 10 metrics like time before sound sleep, disrupted sleep, bedtime consistency. The feature will offer you monthly reports comparing those metrics with averages for your age and gender. Sleep profiles will be available to premium users on the Fitbit since the Versa 3, the Versa 2, the Charge 5, Lux and Inspire 2 wearables. First report is expected as soon as July 4th. Microsoft will soon add keyboard and mouse support to Xbox Cloud Gaming. The company says developers who don't already support keyboards and mice can add it now. So titles will be ready when the feature launches. Well, that's good for PC gamers. Back in 2019, Google released Android Auto for phone screens, but then discontinued the feature last year, 2021. If you were running Android 12 or higher, however, those Android 11 and earlier folks, now you're on the chopping block. Google has ended support for Android Auto for phone screens on all versions of Android. If you try to launch it, it'll say Android Auto is now only available for car screens. However, if your car doesn't have a screen, you can use Google Assistant driving mode instead. Oh, Google, Google with your naming. You just never fail to to impress. Nothing, the company, nothing confirmed to PC Mag. It will not launch its phone in North America, instead focusing on the UK and parts of Europe, where the company has strong partnerships with carriers. Meanwhile, if you get a nothing phone and you try to use it on a US carrier, you'll get an unpredictable coverage on T-Mobile. You won't have any voice over for G on AT&T, and you won't have service at all on Verizon. The company says it does have plans to launch a smartphone in the US in the future. So North America gets nothing. Wait, no, North America. Well, yes and no. Doesn't get nothing. Right. I don't know why that took me off guard. I should have known.  It caught me off guard and made me jump. North America is not for nothing. Anyway, let's talk about IKEA. IKEA launched a feature called Creative. And of course, because it's IKEA, it's spelled with a K and a V at the end. It's available for the IKEA website and iPhones and lets you design your living area with digital furniture. And in fact, iPhones with LiDAR sensors will be able to include even more spatial detail. OK, so for anybody who's like, well, hold on a second, IKEA already does this, right? Isn't it called IKEA Place? That's an app that lets you put a digital version of IKEA furniture for sale in your room. How how is this different? Yeah, so place isn't going away. You'll still be able to use place. But everybody does that now. Amazon Wayfarer, they all do that. Creative does a 3D scan of your room and then uses computer vision and machine learning from geological labs to let you remove some or all of your furniture. That's the twist. You don't have to put it in the room with the furniture in it. You can get rid of your furniture and then add IKEA items to see how the look. You can also use the app for more than 50 pre-made showrooms if you don't want to use your own space. TechCrunch has Lauren Forrest. I'll test it on an iPhone with LIDAR. You stand and point the camera at five target spots in the room that Apple direct you where you have to do it just right. It's like learning the golf. You got to keep your elbows in, you pivot with the wrists. And then once you've done that, you wave the phone in a figure eight motion to help the algorithm stitch together those five images that you took. Then you'll have to step to the left or right and repeat the whole thing a second time. The scan takes about two minutes and it's another five minutes to upload it and make it available to use. That's if you're using a LIDAR iPhone. If you're using the website or a phone without LIDAR, you'll need to take five photos. They'll direct you on that and then upload those and they get stitched together. But like you would expect, it doesn't have as much detail. Either way, once you're done, you can then place items that will be accurate by size. You can put things like lights up on the wall and you can save your items to your account or put them right in a shopping cart, of course. You can also share your finished design with other people, including an IKEA interior designer, if you want. So for anybody who's like, all right, this sounds pretty good. IKEA has had this in the works for a while. Creative has been in testing since April of last year, so just over a year and hopes to eventually add options to change things like wall colorings and other features. Just kind of make it your own. Creative will launch on the web and iOS in the US coming later this summer to Android and other markets in September. So I am in the mood for this. Are you? Yeah, we're looking at our basement and we're trying to make some decisions about what we want to do. And it's really hard to visualize. I have a I really struggle with that.  I really can't. When it comes to 3D spaces, actual living spaces, I can't picture it any other way than it is currently in. So these tools are really helpful for people like me who want to, you know, maybe make a change down there. And this sounds like maybe the most comprehensive I'd heard of. What's funny is this made me ask, start asking questions that made me have a little naivete, or as I would say, Ikea. That's terrible. Forget it. Scratch from the record. Naivete. No, you said that naivete. There you go. That's even better. But I spelled with an oom lot somewhere. I never, I never know what Ikea is up to. I don't know if it's because I don't go into the store very often. I do have Ikea furniture. We pick up stuff here and there, but I I didn't know they were in the home like Internet of Things market. I didn't know they had products as back as far back as 2014 in that regard. I didn't know they had the first smart bulb. Like a lot of these things, I don't think they're good at telling us about. So I'm glad we're hearing about this one. And this is seems like maybe the most mainstream push they've done in terms of different outlets, picking it up. The show is one of them, but I feel like Ikea is bad at telling me they have cool tech to work with on home stuff. You got to go to an Ikea store more often. That's all. Yeah. Or Ikea dot com or, you know, whatever. You know what this reminded me of is more and more just for fun, even though I I'm not necessarily moving apartments any time soon. Hopefully never again.  I feel like this is just like one step closer to that virtual staging thing that Ikea can help with. Right. If you if you know, if you if you're a landlord, right, and you've got some tenants in there and you take a bunch of pictures of the house, but you're like, yeah, well, but that's not going to make the next person want to live here so much because they want their own thing to have this much control over how you can present it and how you can stage it. I think that's probably what Ikea is going for here. Yeah, I feel I feel like you're right, Scott, that people don't realize how maybe not ahead of the game, but on the edge of the game Ikea is, like you said, they they had their first hub for a smart home back in 2014. Just yesterday we mentioned that they are part of the standards organization for the metaverse and then we get this AR announcement today so it makes sense like, oh, that's what they're doing. They want to be able to let you go into a metaverse and design your home and maybe buy virtual Ikea items in a metaverse someday or something like that. But I I I think they are well placed for all of those things in a way that a lot of other retailers are. And I don't think it's paid off quite yet because the smart home hasn't quite permeated everywhere, but matter is about to make it do that, I think, and augmented reality as we heard is kind of wonky. Like it's just as easy to assemble Ikea furniture as it is to remember all the steps of like, OK, keep your arms in and then pivot this way. And like, eventually, though, this same technology will be available in some kind of AR headset from somebody and will do real time scanning.  But Ikea is getting in and getting this tested ahead of time. Yeah. And they're in a good position to have the vested interest that makes sense.  But I don't know. I think of Amazon is somebody is going to help me figure my house out. Not really.  Great. Put it over there. But I've tried that and been like, yeah, but without moving my furniture around doesn't really help. Just let me virtually move my furniture around to Sarah's point, do virtual staging and stuff. Yeah. And especially in the case of me, if I do anything in the studio and change anything down here, it will probably be with Ikea furniture. Like I was going to go there anyway. I like the pricing. I like the simplicity, you know, qualities and arguable thing, but being able to have more tools to do that, it really is in their interest to give us these tools. I just think they should be a little bit better about communicating it. And maybe they are now and maybe they just kind of been doing just fine. I don't go to Ikea enough. Clearly the meatballs don't pull me in like I used to. I love how Scott, you're like, I love all of this, but I just wish Ikea was more relentless about telling me. Just tell me about it, I guess. I don't know. Like I guess everybody's vying for my eyeballs these days and Ikea is just not. Yeah, I was going to say, I think of them that way.  It'll be more of like, you're going to go there anyway, maybe just to get meatballs. And then you'll find out that they have all this stuff. I do like going for meatballs.  I want them to sell me a fake flat TV. It can't be that much money. I feel like you could just like take one. You think I should just steal one? I don't think we should be advocating that, sir.  Yeah, look at me walking out of there with a TV. I bet you get a fake TV on Amazon right now or Alibaba. He probably, and I don't know why I'm fascinated by those things, but I love them. So, so, you know, not to, not to take us too far from the topic, make those available for purchase. To bring us back to my own topic, while I say Ikea just wants you to come into the store and then expose you to stuff. Very obviously creative is not that creative is we want you to see how the furniture will look so that you'll then order it. Yeah. So it's trying to hit you at home, trying to hit you where you live, literally. Literally hit me where I live. Well, maybe Shopify will hit you where you live when they do stuff with Twitter. Shopify announced around 100 new features this week as part of its semi-annual Shopify edition showcase. One of the main announcements was that Twitter partnered with Shopify to launch a sales channel app for all U.S. merchants, letting merchants on board to Twitter shopping manager dashboard. This provides product catalog tools and lets merchants add other shopping features to profiles and so forth. Twitter also recently launched the new shopping related feature. This included, includes a new product drops feature. Twitter previously launched mobile storefronts and live stream shopping. Shopify says orders placed through the partner integrations with Twitter and others quadrupled in the first quarter of 2022. So they're pushing that direction. Tech crunches sources say Twitter began testing a notes feature with selected users, letting users create articles with rich formatting and uploaded media to the whole day. Chirp developer conference on November 16th in San Francisco. It's only held one other chirp conference, by the way, and that was back in 2010. Dang, I barely remember that. Yeah, I just completely forgot about it till we talked about it today. Which is, you know, a company the size of Twitter. Not that you have to have events every year, but the fact that, you know, chirp was, was back in 2010 and, and I don't know. People have, have, have been working on, on products rather than talking about products at events since then is quite some time. I like this whole Shopify thing. I, I when I think about certain brands that I follow on Twitter and there aren't that many, but some, some of them, you know, like Nike, for example, like I follow Nike on Twitter. So that's a very obvious example. It's like, okay, well, Nike's got their own thing.  That's the eventual goal for the company. So for this to be something that's a little bit more integrated in Twitter. And I've talked at nauseam about the fact that I use a third party Twitter app. So a lot of the stuff probably wouldn't even show up for me. Unless I was using web Twitter or, you know, an official Twitter app. But I think that this is, this is potentially a pretty untapped market for Twitter, just because so many folks and brands are on Twitter. But, but the idea is that you're, you're just kind of letting people know where to go elsewhere to do the thing that you want to do. So to do the thing that you want to do, right? Because you can already link out to your Shopify account on Twitter, right? So this has to be more compelling than that. It has to make it easy for the shopper to be like, Oh, I'm not really leaving Twitter and I'm able to buy this stuff. But the key is that you are still checking out on the Shopify website. So even though you never feel like you're leaving Twitter, Shopify is handling the whole customer relationship, which means the merchant is handling the whole customer relationship, which is super smart for Twitter because they're stealing a page out of Instagram's book where they're like, Hey, folks, sell stuff on our platform. We've got a captive audience.  They don't need to take a take a cut of that. Uh, and, and maybe they will, maybe they won't, but to get it started, it's going to be much more compelling to be like, yep, just, just integrate your Shopify store with us.  Great. We'll talk. Otherwise, you know, have at it. I have, I've had the experience on Instagram before and I thought I'd never be the person to do this because I just thought, I don't know, I thought I was too high and mighty for this, but using Instagram, you get an advertisement for something that may interest you and you click on it and literally a buy as a click away. It's not hard. It's just boom, get it. And that's what made the decision for me to say, I will spend $10 right now on these replacement nibs for the, for my stylist pen. Yeah. From this company who obviously, you know, through data collection knows who I am and what I need. And so I did that and it was so easy and so fast, almost a little too easy and too fast. It kind of was like, who did I actually buy this through? What was the deal here? Like there's a little bit of that feeling if you're not used to it, but I think Twitter would benefit by having something like that. What the third parties will do with their apps like tweet bot and Twitter if it can all these, I don't know, maybe they'll integrate too, but you know, if you're using the official app and you're looking for quick ways to grab stuff without having to do too many clicks, too much jumping around, it seems like a cool idea. Shopify also announced something called token gated commerce that will let customers link crypto wallets to a Shopify store for the purposes of using NFTs. Shopify already has let merchants sell NFTs if they want, but token gating lets a merchant use an NFT like a loyalty card. So you can reward fans and VIPs with exclusive access to products, perks or even experiences. They did a test run at South by Southwest with a company where if you had the NFT from that company, you could show up and get access to exclusive products and an exclusive experience in real life. So this includes in person shopping, not just online. Pretty cool. Yeah, I would know. I was just going to say, I think that's this is a more compelling use of NFT technology that doesn't care if NFTs are tanking or if cryptocurrency is tanking. It's like, no, we're just using the technology to help you have a better relationship with your customer. Yeah, it's there. Whether your things are up or things are down.  So this is sort of the modern version of that. It makes a lot of sense. Yeah. And he's like, oh, just what we wanted. More NFTs. You're talking, I think, about the NFTs that can be fraudulent or you don't understand why they cost so much. That's not what this is. This is just using the technology of the NFT to be to be able to prove who you are easily in a better way than we have with current loyalty cards. Yeah. And like you pointed out in the beginning, and I totally agree with the building the technology or the conduits for the stuff to be manageable, regardless of where the market is or where everyone thinks it is or where we're speculating at any time is not a bad thing at all because some form of the technology and the tech, whether it's NFTs or not, are going to be here. And the more pipeline we have to handle this stuff, the more, I don't know, structured and grounded it'll be. I think this is always good when this happens. So yeah. But if you have a thought about it, we'd love to hear it. Email us feedback at dailytechnewshow.com. The Brave browser folks launched a search engine back in October of last year. One piece of news is that Brave search is out of beta. Woo, another piece of news is that Brave search is launching a new feature that is in beta called goggles, not like Google goggles. This is different. Brave's goggles let you modify the criteria for your search ranking. So you can adjust things like whether a query should rely more on blogs or maybe more on mainstream news sites. Brave isn't opening up its search algorithms. So it's not totally open, but it does give users more control than a lot of other search engines do. To try the feature, you search for something, then you choose the goggles button and then Brave will supply goggles from developers that you can choose to follow or not. But Tom, I know you've kind of looked into this. This is this is a little bit more than switching a few settings, right? Yes and no, it's both easier and harder than you think, depending on what you want to do with it. The goggles themselves are just unencrypted text files with instructions for re-ranking. And if you want to create your own, you can, but you need to learn the syntax and host them on GitHub or GitLab. So there's a little bit of a learning curve. Most people will likely just be using filters made by others. For example, all sides, which ranks political leanings in news publications, has made two filters, one for left sources, one for right sources. Other pre-made filters that are there right now at launch include one that attempts to remove copycats, one that removes the top thousand most viewed websites. So you can see lesser seen sources, one that narrows results to a list of tech blogs if you want to get just tech stuff, and one that removes any result from Pinterest. The other two are even more specific. One removes the top thousand most viewed websites, but then prioritizes the most popular domains on hacker dues. And then another one boosts content related to the Rust programming language. You can turn goggles on and off if you want to compare your tweaked results to what the search engine normally returns. And Brave is fine if other search engines wanted to use this, right, Sarah? Yeah, apparently, when Brave published a paper about the idea for goggles back in October of last year, it offered to share the tech with other search engines. Other privacy focused search engines that could benefit include Duck.go, which uses Bing results, StartPage, which uses Google results, and Mojeek. However, no company has taken Brave up on their offer as of yet. Yeah, and I don't know why that is, except that maybe they're, you know, it's more of an offer in spirit. It feels a little bit, if I don't know, if I if I were over at Duck.go, I might be like, let's just see, you know, yeah, let's see how the development community, you know, takes to this. There's a difference between like, go ahead and use it and let me help you implement it, right? Those are those are two entirely different things. Yeah, that's a whole different bag of cheese. Like, look, these two to the companies mentioned here, Brave in particular and Duck.go are kind of my go-tos these days, one for browser, one, actually, I really like the Duck.go browser. Hope it comes out of beta soon. But the I use their search engine. And what's what's what's interesting here to me is it reminds me of a whole different kind of filtering. And I think that's why I'm drawn to this. This is going to sound a little bit weird, but the comparison I would use is a video game I play or have played before called Grim Dawn. It's an action RPG, think Diablo 3, but, you know, sort of a different take on it. And in that game, it has loot filtering. So if you're sick of just dealing with all the the common and the and the somewhat rare items that drop that you don't need anymore, because you're all maxed out, you just want to see legendaries and it won't show you the comments that you can fill out and filter it out. So they literally don't clutter up your screen and drop on the ground for you to pick up. They virtually don't exist to you and that's really compelling. But then you start talking about information and who gets what and how they get it. And then also that information is monetized. I get why people might be a little squeamish on this. I like that this is I like that this is developer oriented versus having to go in and set filters because nobody would use it. You need to make it easy to use for most people. So providing a bunch of filters that are easy to understand. Oh, this is going to remove the top thousand websites. Great. Oh, this is just going to be tech blogs. Awesome. I also like that it is developer friendly, which is like, hey, if you want to do the learning curve, you can do this yourself because I think enough people will be willing to try this to do it. And that way I could take a stab at saying, you know what, I just need to get rid of the day's news sometimes because I'm researching a story about the day's news like happened with Apple Passkey. And I need to find out what Apple did before Passkey and I can't because Google is just showing me the news, right? And so it'd be nice to have a filter that easily does that. I know there's other ways to do that in Google, but they're cumbersome. It'd be nice to just click on one button and Brave Search and be yeah, filter that. So I think this is great. The problem is are enough people using Brave Search to create a community around this stuff, which is what you need for this to thrive. Well, and what you had described earlier, Tom, is like, OK, there's some somewhat specific filters from obviously companies being like, let's see what kind of results we get from this if somebody were to use it. And that's great. That that makes a lot of sense. I think there are a lot of branding opportunities here. But but yeah, how how much does, you know, as as somebody who devours a lot of news, you know, every morning, I'm like, this makes perfect sense to me. I could maybe use Brave to search for DTNS rather than just kind of search for what I'm doing. If I'm just casually surfing the net type of thing, kind of two two different situations. But how many how many people are out there that want that? Maybe a lot. Maybe more than I think maybe. But maybe I mean, the part of the problem is I think that we all say we want as many options as possible. We all want choice. We want to be able to flick things on and off and use things the way we want to use them. But I feel like that's a little bit at odds with the free internet, finding ways to make money on the periphery. And I just don't know. I also don't think people want as much choice as they think they want. I think they like to feel like they do. But at the end of the day, some of them just want to hit the search and get the result they want and move on. And if they have to jump through a bunch of hoops to get specific results or only categorized results or whatever. That is why I like their implementation. It's a lot of hoops to create a filter. But if there's a filter you like that's been created, it's really easy. You just click it and it'll and then you unclick it. If you're like, oh, I want to see the other results. It's just a matter of like, are the filters you want going to be created by someone? Or are you going to be willing to put in the time to create your own? And I don't know. Brave girls, are you ready? Let's do this. Yeah. Yeah. I I I love this idea. I'm more skeptical whether it's actually going to catch on. But we'll see. All right, let's check out the mailbag. We got a good one from Thor. Thor says hello from sunny and delightful Oslo, Norway. Hello, Thor. Thor had a couple of quick thoughts on our six G chat that we had with Shannon Morse yesterday. He says, you mentioned that the lower power draw makes it seem more environmentally friendly. Just wanted to add that it does depend on how many transceivers are needed for a given area. Since the frequency is even higher, the range would probably be even lower due to higher attenuation. The total power per area would be a function of power draw per unit and the area that it serves. Also, the impact of the production of the transceiver units, although that's a one-time cost for the lifetime of the unit, it does also add to the environmental impact per area served. Yeah. So there's some math to do to see if this will really be a power save in the implementation or not. It's good point, Thor. Yeah. Thanks for very kindly making this point. We appreciate it. Is he even allowed to send emails on a day that isn't Thursday, though? It seems like he's Thor. He said it whenever he wants. Yeah. Oh, gosh, you guys. Thor has emailed us in the past and Thor, please keep doing so. We appreciate your feedback and we appreciate all of your feedback, by the way. Feedback at dailytechnewshow.com is where to send an email. If you know something piques your interest, something that we talk about on the show, you say, you know, I've got a little something to add here where I have some thoughts or I might even have, you know, some dissent. We want to hear it. Please do email us early and often. Thanks to you, Scott Johnson, for being with us today. As always, what's been going on in your world? Well, plenty of fear interested in the the podcast that I do. And there are a ton of them. Award winning podcasts.  That includes podcasts.  So point your all your browsers, all your brave and otherwise browsers right there frogpants.com. And if you're trying to capture, capture me on on the Twitter, you can find me at Scott Johnson. Special thanks to Chad Gertz. Chad, you're one of our top lifetime supporters for DTNS. And we want to thank you for all the years of support. Chad for a press. Yeah, Chad. I mean, we mentioned it yesterday that if you become a new patron, your name goes here. We should also add that if you become a new patron, you get all kinds of other things too, like regular merchandise that's exclusive to patrons. You get a longer. The show. You get a bonus episode at certain tiers. I have a feeling after this this part wraps on the free version, we're going to be talking more about bubbles as far as the brave bra. I want to talk about that as we're good regarding brave search. So you get a lot if you become a patron. I'm just saying indeed. And just as far as patrons go, there's a longer version of the show called Good Day Internet. If you're a patron, you already know. But if you'd like to know more about it, patreon.com slash D T N S is where to go. Just a reminder, we do the show live Monday through Friday for PM Eastern. Twenty hundred UTC. Find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live. We're back doing it all again tomorrow with Justin Rubber Young joining us. Talk to you soon. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frogpants.com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this program. Thank you for joining us. We'll see you next week. Thank you for joining us. We'll see you next week. Thank you.


All right, so I thought I'd do a follow-up to my last video. I did replace this radiator fill port because that was melted put used solvases in. I'm going to do a video on how to remove the radiator and we're gonna pull that water pump cover off because I got a feeling with as hot as this thing got the impeller probably melted a little bit and it's spinning on the shaft and the impeller isn't moving. They make great aftermarket billet impellers, which I would recommend using. I'm gonna pull that hose, drain whatever coolants left in there and pull the cover off, check the impeller. And after I'm done, I'm also going to drain the oil. This is the oil plug down there just to see if I got any coolant in the bottom of the case. This thing got that hot. I'm kind of wondering if the head gasket might have been blown. The radiator must be pretty blocked. There wasn't a lot of coolant in there. This motor runs really good with the cooling issues. I kind of surprised we had a head gasket, isn't it? There's no coolant there. That's kind of a scary thought. All right, let's pull this bad boy off and see what we get. So I recommend doing this if you have overheating issues. A lot of times guys, they'll go through, they say, oh, yeah, replace the temperature sensor, replace the fan. I'm still overheating so either the radiator could be plugged or this impeller could be bad. That impeller looks actually really good. One thing I like to check is if I spin the motor over and the impeller turns, then I know it's not slipping. My starter rope's broke so I gotta take this cover off. The impeller's good. It's not moving on the shaft and it turns with the engine. So that's good. So now I'll clean that up, put a new gasket on. All right, so the impeller looks good. Now I want to check see if the mechanical water pump seal behind the impeller is leaking. And how I do that is I'm gonna drain the oil. You take a 14mm wrench and there's a bolt on the side of the case here. I already loosened it, so get my hands in there. And I got long fingers, so that helps. If you can see right here. One, two fingers in the bottom, on the top. Try not to drop the bolt. My container oil down below. The oil's really, it hasn't been changed in a while. I do not smell coolant. This is a good sign. Usually if there was coolant on there, it would be milky white. That's a good sign. I'm gonna let that drain and then I'm gonna do oil change on this right away. Place the filter. This guy did not maintain this very well at all. Except it surprised this engine still runs. So we're gonna let that drain. I'm gonna pull the oil filter off and drain the reserve tank on the other side. And then get this all put back together. All right guys, let's go on to the last step. I'm gonna remove the radiator. But before I do that, I'm gonna do test the fan. I want to make sure the fan is operational before I go through all the trouble of replacing the radiator. Put it all back together and finding out the fan doesn't work. So make sure you disconnect your headlights. I got this all on bolt that are ready. So should I just pull out? The raft's on here from the moat. There you go. That's the other wire right here. That goes to your main harness to your fan. I'm sorry. Your main harness to your temperature sensor on the radiator. And then this other wire goes to the fan. So you just connect this one. Whoo! And another thing you got to be concerned about is the crusty. And sometimes they don't work. So now with this plug this is on sportsman 400s 500s. You can even do these on six and 700s. They put a jumper wire here and here I'm turning the heat on. The fan's working. Good to go. So a lot of guys wonder how to hot wire their fans. This is a quick way to do it. On these older models, I don't rely on the temperature sensor on the radiator because probably what happened here temperature sensor could be bad. You could just replace it in an aftermarket temperature sensor. I like if it's my own personal one. I'll just leave this hot wire and I'll tape it up. Start it up. The fan's running constantly. That way you know the fan is on. All right, I'm on as I go through it and plug this because we're going to remove the radiator. I do have half the hoses unplugged because as you saw this melted. I replaced this with a 2001 Polaris sportsman 500 hose and inlet. This is a 2003-400 four stroke. They're pretty similar. All right, so the next step is I gotta cut more guys got the salt tire wrapped up from here. The choice is yours whether you want to unplug this or not. I'm gonna try to get away with not doing it. So normally you'd take these bolts off here and here and the bolts here remove the upper rack and then you have to remove these bolts and these slide out so you can get to the radiator. It's actually fairly easy. Except when you lose your bolts like I just did. Pull this one off. I'm gonna wash her and back on right away so I don't lose them. All right, pull these off. I believe this is 716 or 10 millimeter. Small little bolts. Now if you see in my previous video, you know, I'm replacing this. It is pretty plugged up. The guy never cleaned the radiator, but this thing overheated so bad that the hose is melted. That's why I checked out. I checked the impeller. But I think all this black melted stuff got stuck in the radiator. The radiator does look good on the outside. I could try to flush it out. But with those little black rubber melted things that are in there, it could be stuck in the radiator somewhere. So I don't trust that radiator. I just got to pull that completely out and I got one out of order. I don't have one right now. I do have one in a box somewhere. At least the low radiator clamp here just gonna have that. It's a lot easier to do it. If you don't have the same issue I got going on, we'll click it out. See all that stuff from the hose stuck in there. All that black rub. But I don't trust this. You could flush this out with the radiator out. Everything cleaned out.  Go ahead and remove it. Flush it all really good with garden hose. This one I just don't trust at all. So I'm gonna completely replace it. All right, there you have it folks. So now if you had an issue with your fan, now would be the time to replace your fan as well. It just comes off of here. It's plastic or you could take the bolts off of here if you want.  Okay, so I hope this video helped you guys out. I know a lot of you guys are having overheating issues. At least some of you that contacted me did. I was questioning why this motor still ran and realized that this was used for plowing purposes. So I think the cold weather probably saved the motor.  Said I fired this engine up. It seems to run good. The only thing I'm uncertain about is the head or the head gasket. And I'll find that out after I get the new radiator in. I think that's pretty simple. There's actually two holes down here to go into and these rubber grommets go into it. So you slide that in those two holes, put it in, put your bolts in, put your brackets in, plug everything up. And you're good to go. Well, well, turned out I had a radiator after all. I have a box of radiators right here and some fans. I didn't think I had one, but yeah, I came off a unit I stripped down about a year ago. This one's good. So I put it all back together, got the holes clamps on. Another thing I forgot to mention is your thermostat. So your thermostat's behind here. Pull them two screws off. I did that already. Pull that out. Your thermostat is behind there. If that's sticking closed or if it's faulty, it's not going to let coolant flow into the radiator. So I double checked that, made sure it was good. It's free. So just another thing to keep in mind. And what I'll do is I'll take the radiator cap off. I'll fill it, pull it cool it. I'll like squeeze the hose to get the bubbles out. And I'll leave the cap off and run it for five minutes. I do have a temperature reading meter. Once it gets up to like, I think it's 165. Don't quote me on that. Thermostat opens. This will burp. Little coolant will pop out.  You'll be able to see it flowing. That's how I bleed the coolant system. There's other methods you can use. Another way is a lot of guys, they'll lift up the front end of the whole unit. I've seen some guy ride it up on some steps. So that way it's on an angle like this. I'll air from the bottom of the radiator, comes to the top, circulates out. Couple different methods. Alright guys, I hope you liked this video. Hit the thumbs up if you liked it and like always till next time. Thanks for watching.


Good morning everybody. It's Friday, and I just learned that it's a long weekend Do you guys have long weekends where you are? It's August long weekend here in Canada? I don't know.  No one really knows what it's for It's the weather's nice. We don't want to go to work. We gave ourselves a long weekend It's now it's like a stat holiday for people and people go to the beach and stuff I don't know what we're gonna do. I don't know. I'll be at home, but it's got to work most of the weekend I don't know if she works on Monday or not find out. I'm gonna pick up 40 feet of reels I'm in Weber and Saskatchewan. I'm at the co-op that took away about 50 of our parking spots with a home center They built a home center where the parking lot used to be now. They sell wood and stuff there But there's still some parking here. So they still got a good restaurant Lot is a nice place to stop got ourselves all loaded up This is the piece that we picked up in Alberta That's 2100 1200 1200 2400 kilograms for the both of them cool deal, man I thought this girl was running from something I guess she was just jogging she's going into a fitness store Yes, that's the gym. It was like just torquing it down here. I thought she was running away from something It's like looking at someone chasing her or what? No, she's just running for fun Some people do that. No, no So we got two four six eight ten twelve thirteen reels on the trailer behind me And we're gonna take this straight back to our yard Wave that guy through I'm just gonna slow him down I know technically the rules say that I should go first sometimes I break the rules. I know I Thought you said you follow the rules trucker Josh Sometimes I get to the intersection first But I will let the four-wheelers go if I know I'm just gonna hold them up Because nothing's worse than having them right up your rear end Impatient with you because you're holding them up.  I don't know. Maybe I should just follow the rules and just Go in front of them and hold them up When you come to a stop sign here in Canada anyways The first person to arrive at the stop sign gets to go first Makes sense, right? Unless if you both arrive at the exact same time, then it's whoever is to the right gets to go first and if you come to an intersection on gravel roads, which is pretty common in like the back roads of the Prairies you come to an intersection and there's no stop signs or anything or either either direction it happens Whoever again whoever's to the right has right of way and whoever's to the left has to stop. I Still like this system better than roundabouts. I wonder what this thing is. Oh a museum. That's cool Always wonder at these small-town museums. Are they subsidized or do they actually make enough money to? like Cover their costs I'll give it to her she is persistent Boston pizza My favorite restaurant Restaurant slash lounge slash patio slash amazing heaven. They got great food It is a little expensive though, that's the one thing I got to say I gotta say that Boston pizza You got to have some mercy on us. I want to eat your food, but Sometimes I can't can't afford it right co-op not very fond of your gas station Attendance, so we're not gonna go and spend our money in there The restaurant is really nice though Waitresses in there were very friendly when I was in there yesterday I don't know what it was I was in the Gas station this morning. Oh, they were just in a bad mood bad mood I'm not going in there again right here. We go here. We go here.  Yeah, so you didn't eat your breakfast yet. You're on such a roll eating so good every day I guess it's cuz I gave him his breakfast while I was loading and he doesn't want to eat when I'm not in the truck.  That's too hot Well, it's got a cleaner window Adios off Vita Zane or of war See you later. Chow. I Would say can each you are but I think that means hello Straight this way is home Sweet home man a toba and Ling Ling Manaling. Oh, this is a terrible intersection. I can't see if there's traffic coming there Traffic coming Sorry, but I didn't mean to poke my nose on the ear side there. I wanted to make sure I could cross without dying I'm too nice. I am too nice. I have this thing about not dying. It's a strong urge of mine Have this urge to live You ever wonder why a train track is that specific width? That is the that is the width of a Roman horse horse cart From back in the day, I know I'm a full of a whole bunch of knowledge some of it's true a funny system But it's our system All the equipment stays with the truck whoever's taking this load on to Ontario uses their own equipment I paid for my equipment. That's mine. If I leave it on the trailer. I'm never gonna see it again It's just the world we live in So we all keep our own equipment. We're all We all hold on to our stuff really close Whatever the next guy ties this down That's why I like to deliver straight to destination when I pick up I like to go straight to destination. We're going home You see his ears there? You want to go home? Look at the camera. Look at the good people look over here. Just tell them how much do you want to go home?  You did good another week You did very good diesel. So did you you did fantastic.  I'm ready to go home. I've got my keys out of here. That's that So I've already got a fun project lined up for this weekend with old blue Other than washing her. Oh, don't look at me like that. I'll show you if I want to show you Dirty doesn't like being on camera one is dirty.  You're gonna get dirty. Okay. There's no shame in that Okay, so uh the project for this weekend sometime is this you see what I sort of Jerry rigged here This bolt Broke off from there So I screwed it back on to here and then I put this tarp strap on here Just to be sure or this bungee just to be sure it wasn't gonna move but it's screwed on here now It broke off right out of there. So I gotta figure out how to fix that. I Hope I don't need a whole new mirror. Oh, we'll see Gotta fix that before we go on the road At least it happened like as I was as I was bob-telling to the shop here. So The timing old blue you and your timing you have been mint the past month Blew the tire when I was right in town down the street. I could get it fixed right away. Didn't even have to go far Mirror fell off this convex mirror fell off on the way home All I have to do is tie it on we're back at the shop. We'll fix it before we go out. I Like you all blue. You've been nice to me And the engine is running fantastic. I changed the oil What a few thousand kilometers ago already like five thousand like three thousand miles ago already I checked the the the oil on the dipstick still looks brand new. It's still the brand new oil Doesn't lose a drop of oil doesn't burn a drop of oil all blue You're doing good. You're doing good. We're just gonna go ahead here though Knock on all the wood we can Let's hope it stays like that, but so far I've been very happy with the purchase of this truck The owner before me was not lying And I didn't think he was he all of his friends and everyone who knew him gave him a glowing recommendation and a beautiful review of how he treats his trucks and how he is as a person man of integrity and You know, he really didn't try to swindle me. He didn't Sneak anything under my nose. I've been with this truck now for a few months. I built some trust with it and It was just an an honest sale and I'm happy to report that it's It's just as good as the previous owner said it was he wasn't lying about anything Very happy diesel.  I'm like, where were you and I was like, I tried tried came come home Yeah, better go home Okay, a little update before we go. I know I'm still here This bolt that broke off seems to be a part of the mirror I'll have to confirm that tomorrow But I might need to buy a whole new mirror And that's a heated power mirror too Fantastic, baby. It's good news.  Is that what you I don't think that's good news Diesel, I don't I don't really care either way. Let's go home. We told mom we would be home already He could be worried. Well, what if I want to tinker on my bike for a little bit? Yeah Tempting I could also tinker on this. I haven't had this out for a few years already needs a new battery new exhaust or new muffler Yeah, he's funny anymore I didn't funny. I didn't say anything to hold you at man. You're stuck in a small truck with you You don't need to work on your squad. You don't need we need to go home right now Not even wagging my tail It means that we we want to go home Okay, okay, we're going home, but one more thing one more disappointing thing. I lost one of these on the road online they call this a basil or it's the The ring that goes around these lights and It just has these clip-ons. It just sort of sneaks in there, right like that you And then it stays there right except for when it doesn't and then it Flies off lost it somewhere lost one of them So I'm gonna take this with me to remind me tomorrow. We got to go into Winnipeg first thing in the morning for blood work for Brit and This is gonna remind me that on the way home. I need to stop by at PBX and Blumenorp. That's where I bought these Mudflap hangers see if they sell these individually if not I'm gonna go online and I'm gonna buy them online and to buy the ones with the screws that can screw in they'll stay on better and Also with the visors Because if you need to fix anything you may as well upgrade All right for real this time diesel. Let's go home for real. I Just don't believe you for some reason. I just don't believe you


So what's next? Well, we're going to move ahead in a very deliberate fashion and decide what's important and make sure we fund those most important things. Number one, we have some bills to pay. They're called reimbursables, utilities, payroll, contracts that we have leased. We'll make sure that those are taken care of. Number two, our Global Force Management Allocation Plan. The operations that many of you are performing out there in the fleet for this fiscal year 13, we need to restore the important operations and we'll walk through that in a very, like I said, deliberate manner, coordinating with our global combatant commanders. Number three, we need to look ahead to fiscal year 14 and make sure that you're getting the training that you need, and we're doing the maintenance that we need, to make sure that those operations next year are prepared and you're ready to operate forward out there and making sure that war fighting is first. And lastly, we need to do the base operations support out there. We need to do those kind of restoration and modernization projects out in our buildings to make sure that they get done. The safety, the security, fire safety, make sure Port Ops is right, make sure that our airfields are right, and we'll do that. So for the next couple of weeks, we here in Washington will be coordinating with your leadership out there in the fleet to do the right thing with the money that we have.


What is up everybody, Jason here for jazby's caserates.com. We just sold out Jasby's Nine Box Joe Burrow PSA 10 Autograph Football Mixer Break with this is a random team break guys. Take a look at the boxes, take a look at the list and there's that Joe Burrow right here too. Boom. On card Joe Burrow, it's a rookie from Spectra Chronicles draft picks in a grade of 10. Beauty. So we'll be giving that away to one customer at the end of the break guys. So we'll randomize the original list, give it away at the end. And like I said, it is a Nine Box Mixer. All spots in, everybody gets around the team, all card ship. So here we go guys, so here is the dice roller with the names, here's the teams. We'll do the break then at the end we'll gather the original list again, randomize them and number one gets the Joe Burrow. So here we go. Roll it. Five out of one, six times, one, two, three, four, five, six. Six times, five, one, six, six, Kev down a Stover, six, one, two, three, four, five, six. Houston down to Jacksonville. Now remember, this actually has three years worth of product guys, has some 2023, 2022 and 2021. So every year, of course, the teams would be changing. So Kev, you got the Houston Texans, we got a couple of 2023 boxes, we got some chances of maybe some CJ Stroud numbered cards, Relics maybe. Vivian with the Cowboys, John with my Eagles, Stephen with the Steelers, Nicole with the Chiefs, Vivian with the, or Viviana, sorry not Vivian, Viviana with the Cowboys.  Now remember 2021 in here guys so that you have some of course Trevor Lawrence, Justin Fields right, got a really, really good draft class for receivers like Jamar Chase for the Bengals, my Eagles, Devante Smith, you know all the big draft draft picks in that 2021 class, you know a couple Coderbacks in there too as well, then go 2022, some more Roger Severs running backs in that draft class, a couple QBs and then 2023. So I gave you guys a minute to make any trades if you wanted to make a trade, Jason K is trying to get the Dallas Cowboys from Viviana if you're willing to trade for the Saints. Alright Jason K sorry but let's say we're not able to trade the Cowboys for the Saints for you man but good luck with the Saints. Alright guys, so here is the boxes here, so nine boxes, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. So we'll start off here with some of these rookies and stars, some more of the heavier based stuff, we'll work our way to the one pack stuff. Should be a pretty quick mixture though. I always love rookies and stars, get a ton of numbered cards, two autos, two relics on average, so hopefully get some nice here. Actually let me quickly show you guys the list again. Alright here we go. Starting off with a little Zay Flowers, high octane relic to $199. We got rookies and stars here, Lucas Van Es, number to $199. There's a Will Lovis, Richard Sherman at $75. There's Anthony Richardson. And we got, is that Kavion Dibbado? Nice, Kavion Dibbado. Autograph to $100 for the Giants. Giants, that's going to John. And we got a out of 10 gold for the Washington Commanders, Brian Robinson, Jr. That's going to Christian. Got Arizona Parnals there to $49. That is Paris Johnson, Saints Thriller. We got Randy Moss to $50. And how about a little CJ Strout Relic to $399, we'll take that. Can't get any autographs to this guy here with Panini, but can get relics and numbered cards. And Kev, there you go. Devonte Smith for my Eagles to $199. Going to John to $149. And Sam LaPorta, rookie autograph to $25. Lyon's going to Tristan. Number to throw this Herbert to $149. Going to Mark. Jaren Hall to $399. $149. Jerry Judy to $109. All right, there's their first box there, guys. That box will go LaPorta autograph, CJ Strout color or Relic, and then Kavion Dibbado and the Z-Flower Relic. All right, Malik Willis. We got Andrew Booth, Jr. to $15. Kavion Dibbado and we got a Retro Rookie. Flashback Drake London. Tom Brady. We got Jordan Porter to $79. Hunter Renfrow, pink to $15. Alex Smith to the Chiefs to $50. Drake London, pick it, Olave. And nice Aiden Hutchinson rookie autograph, nice. Detroit going to Tris, getting LaPorta in the first box, now Aiden in the second box. Lane Johnson for Madagals to $79. And there's the short print rookie, Wando Robinson and Jake Ferguson. And that's when we're going to go a limited. Two Autos, one Relic. All right, here we go. Thelon to $99. And we got a George Kittle Relic to $99. Derrick Stanley, Jr. And we got a Redemption. Game Day Aesthetics. Dion Sanders, very nice. Well, let's see where that Dion goes to because it could be for multiple teams, who knows. This was limited football. Game Day Aesthetics has Atlanta Falcons edition. And he's out of 25. ATL, that's going to Nick C. All right, last stack here. And we got a Jalen Tolbert patch autograph for the Cowboys. Cowboys, that's going to Viviana. All right. These are all one-pack boxes now, guys. So it should be pretty fast. Optic T-Mall here, 2021. Now, again, if we get a rookie, it's going to be low numbered. If we get a vet, I believe it's like out of $49 or so. If I'm correct, I think that's how this one goes. Oh, wait, maybe that's actually a prison T-Mall. Cam Acres. And Bateman. There's Cam Acres. I wish I would have been. Maybe not, actually. T-Mall. But you do get that T-Mall color wave. Little, like, red stars. This one, actually, I think, if it's a rookie, the red-yellow, it's like super low numbered. If it's a vet, it's like out of $50 or $40. I think that's the one I was thinking of. All right, here we go, guys. Good luck. Carlos Boogie Basham. And not a rookie. Jake Plummer. Out of $39. I think the rookies have eight. Debra Broncos. He's going to Viviana. All right, let's go clear the dollars. $20.21 still. Herbert, number to $49 to Dominant. Butta Zach Wilson. And Terris Marshall Jr. Out of $99 for the... Carolina Panthers are going to mark. Purple, Ramondra, Stevenson, Jamar Chase, Lamont, or St. Brown. And we've got a Kyle Trask. Greater rookie, little mosaic. Kenny Gamewell and Jacob Harris. Jamonte, number to $199. Have a little Jalen Hertz. Number to $74. We have a nice patch of Johan Dotson. Supercharged to $27. $7 out of $27. Commander's going to Christian. We've got a Trayvon Walker, number one overall pick, neon rookie signs. Numbered $41 out of $75. And last one here. Little Brent Selick for my Kings. Steel signatures. That's number to $199. Two boxes left, guys. Origins in black. Josh Downs to $125. And Jordan Love. I think it was October 2024. So you have some time, actually. You have 10, 5, 2024. Thanks for showing Johnson. Jaden Reed. Whoa! One-of-one NFL players tag. One-of-one patch rookie. Jaden Reed, who had a great rookie season. Had him in my fantasy league. Kevin Dixon with the Packers. How about that, huh? How about that? Nice. We've got Quinton Johnson to $49. And Sean Clifford for the Packers. Going to Kevin Dixon. Down to the final box, guys. And then we'll give away the Joe Burrow. Here we go. Black 2023. Jalen Walter to $75. Dolphin's going to Arthur. Canty. We've got Will Leviss, Little Relic, futuristic to $150. Tyne's going to John Jackson. We've got a Redemption. And Aiden O'Connell for the Redis to $199. John Jackson as well. Got a couple QBs there, man. And final hit, guys. Here we go. Smoke Show, number nine. Cooper Cub for the Rams. Freddie Boggs with the Rams. There you go. And we still have another year, year and a month, basically, since we started March. There we go. There you are. Alrighty, guys. And there you go. That was the mixer. So some pretty cool stuff popping out of here. Obviously, only nine boxes. Marshall. Alright, guys. Now, I say if you didn't get much, obviously just have a chance to win that Joe Burrow, guys. So there you go. Let's see who's going to win that. Here we go. Switching scenes. Got the original list. Click and roll. Five times, three to two. One, two, three, four, five. Five, five. Sorry, John. Just missed out, but I know you had multiple names. You still could be a number one, but... Sorry, buddy. Viviana. There you go. Now, I'm not sure if I called your name for all the teams you got, but congratulations, Joe Burrow. It's coming your way. There you go, guys. Again, Julio Mixer is now sold out. We'll be doing that next. Appreciate it, guys. JasmiesCaseRakes.com.


It's simple. When ice gets above zero degrees, it melts. But is it really that simple? If we are not talking about a small ice cube, but a big sheet of ice covering an entire continent, is that really the only factor? And am I right with my assessment? I'm looking forward to be enlightened by Professor Dr. Ricardo Winckelmann. Ricardo Winckelmann is a professor of climate science at the University of Potsdam. And she's also a researcher for climate impact. She leads the ice dynamics working group and co-leads the future lab on Earth resilience in the Anthropocene. Her research focuses on tipping elements in the Earth system. And today she'll be talking about the Greenland and Antarctic ice dynamics and the future sea level rise that are impacted by them. It appears like she's truly an expert on all things registered to ice. So please give a warm hand of applause for Professor Dr. Ricardo Winckelmann with her talk, The Big Melt, Tipping Points in Greenland and Antarctica. Have fun. And welcome. Today we're going to take a little excursion to the far north and the far south to our polar ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica. And as this year is coming to a close, I thought we'd take a brief moment to reflect back. 2020 has certainly been an exceptional year for all of us. It was supposed to be a super year for nature and the environment, as world leaders put it at the beginning of the year. It's five years after the Paris Climate Accord. It's five years after the sustainable development goals have been announced. However, 2020 turned out to be the year when we've had to face several global crises, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and also the ongoing climate crisis. What almost got lost in the turmoil is that this year also saw several weather and climate extremes which span the globe from pole to pole, with temperatures reaching record highs in the Arctic and Antarctica, with plus 38 degrees of Celsius in the Arctic and in Siberia. That's the highest temperature that was ever recorded north of the Arctic Circle. And it's roughly 18 degrees warmer than the average maximum daily temperature in June when this was recorded. And we also saw plus 18 degrees at the Antarctic Peninsula, which is again the highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica. And this was followed by widespread melting on nearby glaciers. Now, if we're kind of zooming out and taking a look at the bigger picture, we're also at a very significant point in Earth's history. Here you see the global mean temperature evolution since the last Glacier Maximum, so the last Ice Age, until today. And whenever I look at this graph, I see two things that still strike me to this day. One is that the Holocene, the interglacial or the warm age in which human civilizations have developed and thrived that has been characterized by very stable climate conditions, by a very stable gloom mean temperature. And the other thing is that the difference between an Ice Age, here 20,000 years ago, roughly, and a warm age, that's roughly three to four degrees of global average temperature change. And we're right now on the verge of achieving the same temperature difference, but at much, much faster rates. So here you see several future temperature projections from the IPCC. And what you can see is that in all of them, the temperature increase, even the lowest one, the temperature increase is much faster than has ever recorded before. So I think it's safe to say that we have truly entered the entropocene and that humans have become a geological force. So in the entropocene, humans have become the single most important driver of global change, affecting the entire Earth system, including our ice sheets. But it was kind of the opposite in the past. Like no other force on the planet, Ice Ages have actually shaped our surroundings and thereby determined our development as human civilizations. For instance, we owe our fertile soils to the last Ice Age that also carved our current landscape that we see all around us, leaving glaciers behind rivers and lakes. So even though the ice sheets on Greenland and Arktika might seem far away sometimes, they're actually crucial also for us here today. And today I want to leave you with an impression why they are so important. And one reason they're so important is because they're an amazing climate archive. Here you see an ice core taken from one of the deepest parts of an ice sheet. And this is basically like counting tree rings. You can go back to the past and you can see what the climate was like in the deep past, ranging several hundreds of thousands of years back. And you can see the conditions, for instance, in the CO2 change, the temperature change over these really long time scales. So that's one of the reasons why the ice sheets are so important. Another one is their so-called sea level potential. Greenland and Arktika are truly sleeping giants. And to give you an idea of the sheer size of these two ice sheets, one way of doing that is to compute their ice volume in the so-called sea level equivalent. What this means is if we were to melt down the Greenland ice sheet and distribute that meltwater around the entire globe, then this would lead to global sea level rise of roughly seven meters. For the Western Arctic ice sheet, it's about five meters. And for Eastern Arktika, the tenfold, so more than 65 meters in total of sea level potential that are stored in these two ice sheets. Now over the past decades, the ice sheets have both been losing mass, and they've been losing mass at an accelerating pace. In fact, we're currently on track with the worst case climate change scenario. Here you see the observations in gray, and you also see several of the projections from the past for the ice sheets. And as you can see, we're tracking this upper branch here. So we're really on track with the worst case climate change scenario for the ice sheets. And what this means is even if we were to stop global warming today, the ice sheets would still keep losing mass because of the inertia in the system. So sea levels would keep rising for decades or even centuries to come. Why is that? Well, there are several processes that need to understand in order to keep track of sea level change and also to understand the ice sheets evolution in the past and in the future. Here you see sort of an exemplary cut through an ice sheet shelf system, where the ice sheet is in contact with the atmosphere. You have the grounded part. And then in many places, you also have these extensions, these floating extensions, the so-called ice shelves that surround particularly Antarctica. The separation between the two is the so-called grounding line. Now generally, ice sheets gain mass through snowfall just on top of the ice sheet, which then is compressed into ice. And over time, due to the sheer gravity and the sheer size of the ice sheets, it's basically pushing its own mass towards the ocean. And that's one of the reasons why there's a constant flow of ice. So ice is really not only solid, it's also fluid. The ice sheets can also lose mass through surface melting, but also through melting at the undersides of the floating ice shelves where they're in contact with warmer ocean waters. And then there can of course also be ice shelf carvings, so icebergs that break off at the margins of the ice sheet. Now what we see here, this left-hand side, that's a typical situation for the Greenland Ice Sheet. The Greenland Ice Sheet is generally grounded above sea level in most parts, and it's not only much smaller than Antarctica, but it's also located further south, so further away from the pole. And that means it's generally warmer in Greenland, leading to more surface melt for the Greenland Ice Sheet. Whereas in Antarctica, it's not only much colder there, but also the ice sheet is covered and surrounded by floating ice shelves almost all around the coastline. And that means that one of the most important driving processes for mass loss in Antarctica is this melting underneath the ice shelves, so the sub-shelf melting in contact with the warmer ocean waters. Just to give you an impression of the sheer ice thickness, I brought this picture here. This is my very first impression of the Antarctic coastline, the ice shelf margin. This is close to the German research station, Neumeyer 3, and I will never forget the moment that I first saw the ice shelf edge. It was in the middle of the night, but we were there in summer, so we had 24 hours of daylight, and I woke up because it suddenly got dark in our cabin, so I went up to the bridge to see what was going on, and I saw myself in front of a wall, like really a cliff of ice. And knowing that these ice shelves behave like the ice cubes in the water glass, so only roughly 10% are visible above the sea level. This means that in this case, we had an ice shelf edge that was more than 100 meters thick, and that really impressed me. I immediately had to think of this German expression, das ewige Eis, the eternal ice, and I really wondered if this is maybe yeah, the right expression, because it seemed like it was so static and nothing was moving. However, that's not true, because even in equilibrium, the ice is constantly moving, so you just visualize by these little snowflakes, and you can see how the ice is moving from the interior towards the coastlines, and we have a wide range of velocities at the surface, ranging from almost zero in the interior of the ice sheet to several kilometers per year in the larger ice shelves, and also in the so-called ice streams, the faster flowing ice. If I were able to take a dive underneath the ice shelves, and I could actually take a look at the grounding line, this would probably be what I could see. This is the triple point, basically, where solid earth, the ice, and water all come together, and this grounding line plays a very important role for Antarctic ice dynamics and also for the future fate of Antarctica. So what makes the dynamics of the ice sheets and shelves so particularly difficult to understand and also to project the future evolution is that both ice sheets are subject to several so-called positive so self-reinforcing feedback mechanisms. Here are just some examples with some of the major ones we know very well. One is the ice albedo feedback, and another one is the so-called melts elevation feedback. As I said, in Greenland, we observe a lot of surface melting. If you've ever flown across the Greenland ice sheet in summer, you can really see these rivers forming and then even lakes forming at the ice sheet surface. Over the recent decade, Greenland has been subject to several extreme melt events, including particularly the years 2010, 2012, and also last year. The reason there is this extreme melting at the surface is due to a combination of factors. It has to do with the duration of the summer, but also even here in Europe we observed very warm and dry summers, and that's also something that was observed for Greenland. So that, for instance, in the year 2019 in August, almost the entire ice sheet surface was covered with melt water. Now, why is this surface melting so important? The reason is that there is also a self-reinforcing feedback that could be driven by surface melting, and we all know this mechanism from mountain climbing. If you climb down from the peak of a mountain towards the valley, it gets warmer around you. And the same is true also for the ice sheets. So if there's enough melting, it could actually lower the surface to a region where the temperatures are higher, the surface temperatures are higher, leading to more melting, which again lowers the surface elevation, leading to higher temperatures, leading to more melting, and so on and so on, so that this can trigger these self-reinforcing dynamics. And whenever we have such a positive or self-reinforcing feedback mechanism, we can also have a tipping point. And here's the depiction of a very simple way of computing where the tipping point might be for the Greenland ice sheet, where we've really done this with just analytical work, so pen and paper, trying to understand where we go from a stable Greenland ice sheet into an unstable regime, which would then lead to meltdown of the entire ice sheet until basically no ice is left at the surface. So this is something that we can understand in theory, but also something that we find in more complex numerical ice sheet models. And they find that this warming threshold that leads to basically a decay of the entire ice sheet lies somewhere between 0.8 and 3.2 degrees of warming above pre-industrial levels. And you can see that between these temperatures somewhere there's almost a step change from this is now computed in sea level rise. So up here this means that Greenland is ice-free, so we're going from an intact Greenland ice sheet to an ice-free Greenland ice sheet somewhere between these temperatures. What this looks like can be visualized with numerical ice sheet models, and here you see that once this threshold is exceeded, basically the eigen dynamics lead to a complete meltdown of the ice sheet, until there's almost no ice left except for in the highest regions here in the east, where there are some small ice caps remaining. Now something similar but also different that's going on in Antarctica, because as I said earlier Antarctica in Antarctica is much colder, so we have very little surface melt at the moment, but at the same time it's surrounded by the floating ice shelves, and they play the major role in driving the changes in Antarctica. Antarctic mass loss has tripled over the recent years, especially in the so-called Amundsen and Bellingshausen Sea regions, so these regions here where you see all these red parts, so this is all ice loss that's been detected here, and the reason for this is due to the ice shelf ocean interactions, so here you now see the ocean temperatures surrounding Antarctic ice shelves, and you can see a stark difference between the temperatures here around the Amundsen and Bellingshausen regions, and the temperatures for instance here in the Waddle Sea or in the Ross Sea, the temperature difference being roughly two degrees, so there's really been a switch from a colder to a warmer cavity for instance here in the Amundsen Sea region, and that drives more sub-shelf melting, which in turn leads to a decrease of the so-called buttressing effect. What this means is, well first of all, the ice shelves do contribute to sea level rise directly, at least not significantly, the reason being that they are like ice cubes in a water glass, and if that melts down it also doesn't raise the water level in the glass, so it's similar with the ice shelves, but at the same time they are still attached to the grounded part of the sheet, so if the ice shelves melt, or there are larger calving events in the ice shelves, that means that the flow behind them from the interior of the ice sheet into the ocean accelerates, it's almost like pulling a plug, and this is what is called the so-called buttressing effect, so the back stress at the grounding line, so if we have enhanced ice shelf melting, that means that this buttressing effect, this buffering effect, is reduced and therefore we have accelerated outflow into the ocean. Now the question is how does this impact the ice sheet dynamics overall, and in particular the stability of the western east and arctic ice sheets? You may have come across some of these headlines in recent years, my favorite one is still this one appeared from 2014, where the holy shit moment of global warming was declared, and the reason for this were these observations from the Amundsen region in western arctica, so we're now taking sort of a flight into the Amundsen Sea region, and what was observed over the recent decades is not only that the glaciers here have accelerated, so everything that's shown in red is accelerated ice flow, but at the same time the glaciers have also retreated and the deeper valley is behind, so you see this browning at the surface now, so all of these are changes where the the glaciers have basically retreated, and with this comes another self-reinforcing feedback, the so-called marine ice sheet instability. For the marine ice sheet instability to occur, we need two conditions to hold. One as depicted here is that the ice sheet is grounded below sea level, which is true for many parts of west and arctica, but also some parts of east and arctica, and also we need to generally have a retrograde sloping bed, so that means that the bedrock elevation decreases towards the interior of the ice sheet, and with these two conditions hold, then we can show in two dimensions mathematically, even prove mathematically, that an instability occurs in this kind of case. The reason is that we have a feedback between the grounding line retreat and the ice locks across the grounding line. If the grounding line retreats in a case where we have a retrograde sloping bed and the ice is grounded below sea level, that means that the ice thickness towards the interior is larger, and this generally also means that the ice flux across the grounding line is larger, leading to further retreat of the grounding line and so on and so on. So again, we have a positive feedback mechanism that could drive self-sustained ice loss from parts of the western eastern arctic ice sheet. And the concern is now that this marine ice sheet instability is potentially underway in the Amazon basin here in western arctica. Now what's unclear is how fast this change would actually occur. So if we have actually triggered the marine ice sheet instability in this region, and that means we have committed ice loss of roughly one meter sea level equivalent, then the question is still how fast does this occur, and for this it really matters how much further global warming continues and at which rate the temperature will change in the future. So this is what's happening in part of the western arctic ice sheet. We were also asking ourselves what could something like this also happen for eastern arctica and how stable are each of the different ice basins in arctica. So we did something of a stability check on the Antarctic ice sheet to assess the risk of long-term sea level rise from these different regions. What you will see next is an animation where we're increasing the global mean temperature, but we're increasing it very very slowly at a much slower rate than the typical rate of change in the ice sheet to test for the stability of these different parts. And what we see is that at roughly two degrees we are losing a large part of the western arctic ice sheet, so there's a first tipping point around two degrees and then as the temperature increases also the surface elevation is lowered and that leads to potentially then also triggering these surface elevation and melt elevation feedbacks in eastern arctica. So around 60 to 9 degrees there's another another major threshold and after this large parts of the eastern arctic ice sheet could also be committed to long-term sea level rise. At about 10 degrees the Antarctic ice sheet could potentially become ice-free on the long-term and this is really important. What we're seeing here are not projections, but what we're seeing here is a stability check. So we're not looking at something that's happening within the next century or so, but rather we're interested in understanding at which temperatures the Antarctic ice sheet could still survive on the long term. We also wanted to see if some of these changes are reversible and what we find is so-called hysteresis behavior of the Antarctic ice sheet. That means as we're losing the ice and we're then cool the temperatures back down the ice sheet does not regrow back to its initial state but it takes much much colder temperatures to regrow the same ice sheet volume that we are currently having at present day temperature levels. So there's a significant difference between this retreat and the regrowth path and this can be up to 20 meters of sea level equivalent in the difference between these two paths. What this looks like originally you can see here, so again we have the retreat and the regrowth paths at two degrees of global warming and four degrees of global warming. So these are the long-term effects at these temperature levels and you can see that for instance for for four degrees large parts of eastern Antarctica and also of the western Arctic ice sheet do not regrow at the same temperature level. So we clearly observe this hysteresis behavior that's another sign that the Antarctic ice sheet is a tipping element in the climate system. So both Greenland and Antarctica are tipping elements in the climate system. There are a number of more candidates for tipping elements including some of the larger biosphere components, for instance the Amazon rainforest, the tropical coral reefs and also the boreal forests, as well as some of the large-scale circulations. So for instance the Atlantic thermohaline circulation or what we often term the Gulf Stream and the Indians in Monsoon are tipping candidates in the climate system. Now if we go back to our temperature evolution since last geisha maximum and we now insert what we know about the tipping thresholds of these different components in the Earth system then this is what we get and we see that there are basically three clusters of tipping elements in comparison to the global mean temperature here and you see in these burning amber diagrams that some of these tipping elements are at risk of switching into a different state even within the Paris range of 1.5 to 2 degrees of warming and among these most vulnerable tipping elements are the western Arctic ice sheet and the greenland ice sheet and in general the cryosphere elements which seem to react to global warming and climate change much faster and therefore belong to the most vulnerable parts of the Earth system. So if there's one thing that I would like you to take away from this talk it is that ice matters. I've presented you with three reasons why. First of all polar ice acts as a climate archive it also acts as an early warning system. Secondly glaciers and ice sheets are important contributors already to currency level rise but they will become even more important in the future as the global mean temperature keeps rising. And thirdly both Greenland and Antarctica are tipping elements in the Earth system and one of the next things we need to understand is how these tipping elements interact with one another because we have a very good understanding by now of the different mechanisms behind these tipping elements and of the individual temperature thresholds but one of the I think most important questions we need to ask ourselves is how the interaction of the tipping elements that changes the stability of the Earth system as a whole and if there could be something like domino effects in the Earth system. And with this thank you so much for your attention and I'm very much looking forward to questions. We are now going to have a Q&A and if you have any questions regarding this awesome talk then please post them to the Signal Angels. They are following on Twitter and the Fediverse if you're using the hashtag, hashtag RC31 because this is RC1 Hall and you can also post your questions to the IRC and I already have a first question. I don't know Riccardo if you can hear me but is there anything that this specific as a community of nerds and hackers can do more than anyone else to help with this issue? What what do you think that we can do to help this? Yeah thank you so much. Great question. Let me start by saying I'm a nerd and hacker myself. I'm a developer or co-developer of the parallel ice sheet model that's one of the the ice sheet models for Greenland and Antarctica that's being used around the globe with many different applications so yeah as a fellow nerd and hacker I can say there's lots we can do in particular towards understanding even better the different dynamics of the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheet but also beyond that for the Earth system as a whole. I think we're now at a point where we understand the individual components of the Earth system better and better. We also have better and better observations, satellite observations but also observations at the ground to further understand the different processes but what we need now is to combine this with our knowledge in the modeling community and also with some of the approaches from big data machine learning and so on to really put this together all the different puzzle pieces to understand what this means for the Earth system as a whole and what I mean by that is we now understand that there are several individual tipping points in the Earth system and we also know that as global warming continues we're at higher risks of transgressing individual tipping points but what we still need to understand is what does this mean for the overall stability of our planet Earth. Thank you for this extended answer to this question. I have another one and I would like to know you showed a slide where you showed the browning of the eye surface and then explained that this speeds up the process of melting as well like done by deer but can't we just paint it white or with a reflective paint on it has this been simulated is this of interest to you scientists? Yeah very good question so basically what you are addressing here is the question of the so-called ice albedo feedback we all know this that as we're wearing black clothes and summer it's warmer than when we're wearing white clothes and the same is basically true for our planet as well so the ice sheets and also the sea ice and the Arctic and Antarctica they contribute considerably to a net cooling still off the planet so if we didn't have these ice landscapes that would mean that the planet would warm even faster and even further than it already is today so currently the ice albedo feedback is still helping us with keeping the temperatures at lower levels and they would be without the ice landscapes and yeah therefore it is definitely of interest to further understand what would this mean for for instance the global mean temperature but also regional changes if we were to lose our ice cover completely and also the reverse question of course if we were to widen parts of the planet then how would this affect the temperature one thing that we found out is that if we were to lose the ice sheets and the sea ice in terms of the ice albedo feedback alone entirely then this could already lead to additional global warming of roughly 0.2 degrees celsius now that may not seem very much but it certainly is important in the grand scheme of things as we're thinking of for instance the Paris range of 1.25 to 2 degrees of warming every tenth of a degree matters so yeah very interesting question and this is something that has been done with numerical ice models just to understand what kind of an effect these kind of what if scenarios would have also in terms of the albedo very interesting so should we now start to develop drones who can spray paint that's a good question i don't think that's the solution i think we have a much better solution and that is we know that we need to to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and that is one that would work for sure whereas these questions of well should we spray paint all of our buildings at the at the top white that is something that cannot be done at such a large scale as we would need it in order to reverse global warming and another thing to keep in mind is that even if we were able to reduce the global signal this still doesn't mean that we could also reverse the the regional scale changes we're already experiencing a large increase in extreme weather and climate events and and that is certainly something that i haven't seen so far that this could also be reversed just by reversing the global mean temperature change as a whole answer i have another question i think that's quite interesting how old is the oldest ice in Antarctica are you aware of that and how long would it take a minimum to lose that entirely yeah very good question um so the oldest ice there's actually an ongoing search for the oldest ice in Antarctica so to say we know that Antarctica was ice free for the last time roughly 34 million years ago so when we're talking about these scenarios that um eventually and artica could become ice free with of course very strong global warming scenarios of about 10 degrees of global warming then we need to keep in mind that this was the case for the last time about 34 million years ago now as we're speaking there is an ongoing project an international collaboration to find and and also drill for the oldest ice so that we can really understand our earth's history better and better and so this is a very exciting project because as i said the ice cores are kind of like tree rings and we can count back in time and really understand what our global climate was like several hundreds of thousands of years ago so yeah with with that being said i think it's important to keep in mind that this is something that humans certainly have never experienced and that's therefore unprecedented in our world for this very elaborate answer to this question i know it is not the core of your research but someone from the internet asked if it's possible for old viruses and old bacteria from back when Antarctica was like beginning to freeze over or from like millions of years ago is it possible for them to thaw out again and is that a danger for us oh that's also a very interesting question so i'm not no expert on this but i could imagine that um at the temperatures that we have in in arctica so especially at the core ice body there um we have temperatures that go down to well i think the coldest temperature was something like minus 90 degrees celsius that was recorded there but in any case it's very cold there so um there might be some bacteria that can survive these conditions and i've read about um bacteria like that but um i wouldn't know that there are many um bacterial species or specimen that that could survive uh these kinds of conditions so um to be honest i i would have to read up on that that's a very interesting question so yeah thank you for this answer um i remember that you uh watched that you showed an animation in the graph for a simulated ice decline to find the tipping points in arctica and on the x axis of that i couldn't see a time scale and now someone asked on the internet what are the timescales between reaching a tipping point and most of the ice being melted is the years the decades centuries millennia what's kind of the scale there yeah very important point um so it's important to note that um we're here um showing this over the global mean temperature change and the reason for this is that um the way these kinds of hysteresis experiments are run is that you have a very slow temperature increase um so slow in fact that um it's much slower than the sort of internal um timescales of the ice itself and in in this case for instance um we had a temperature increase of um 10 to the minus four degrees per year um and the reason for this is because this is the way you're approaching um the actual hysteresis curve that we were interested in so this should not be mistaken for um for sea level projections um of any sort so what we find here are the actual so to say tipping points the actual critical thresholds um that parts of the Antarctic ice you cannot survive nonetheless of course we're also working towards sea level projections and trying to understand what kind of sea level change we can expect from the ice sheets um over the next decades to centuries to millennia and one important thing there is that most of the ice loss that could be triggered now would actually happen after the end of this century so very often when we see these sea level curves we're looking until the year 2100 so for the next decades how does the sea level respond to changes in temperature because but because we have so much inertia in the system that means that even if the temperatures were the global warming signal was stopped right now we would still see continued sea level rise for several decades to centuries and that is something important to keep in mind so I think we really need to start thinking of sea level rise in terms of commitment rather than these short-term projections that being said another important question and factor is the rate of sea level change because this is actually what we need to adapt to as civilizations when we think of building dams there are two questions we need to answer one is the magnitude of sea level rise and also in an upper scale an upper limit to that and the other question is the rate at which this changes and what we find is that on the long term there is something like 2.3 meters per degree of sea level change so this is sort of a number to keep in mind when we think of the sea level projections and yeah I think it's really important to consider longer time scales than the one till the year 2100 when we talk about sea level rise thank you for this answer is very interesting and we are out of time now so thanks for all the questions and thank you Riccata for this amazing talk the next talk on this stage will be about the related topic and measuring co2 indoors but also in the atmosphere in general but before that we have a Harald News Show for you prepared so enjoy


Freedom! Today I want to talk to you about Avengers Age of Ultron. We've made a couple of videos in the past to give you examples of the kinds of movies and other projects that are using position music, and this is one of them. And I think they've done a wonderful job with the score, a lot of which you can get from position music. Link in the description. I actually put together a fan-made trailer based on the concept that there's really only one fight that anyone really wants to see in this movie. And we all know who it is, right? Yeah, of course we do. It's the Hulk versus Iron Man. So I put together a small trailer based on that, and I used position music. And I had a lot of fun doing it, especially syncing up all the little bits with all the music. It was a lot of fun to do. To be honest, though, not my best work. However, if you're curious, you can check out that using the eye on screen now. I hope that you enjoyed the fan-made trailer. I hope that you make some of your own. I'd love to see what you have to bring to the table. If you make a fan-made trailer, or if you've ever made one in the past, go ahead and link us down in the description. I might actually use it for the backdrop for my next video, just because. Why not? I'd like to feature you guys. Until next time, I'm Anthony. Like, subscribe, comment, please.


Creating a voiceover in Adobe Spark is a simple process, however, you need to be aware of its limitations. For example, Adobe Spark will only allow you to create a voiceover of approximately 10 seconds long. So even if your slide, like this one here, is set to 30 seconds, you'll see how at about the 10 second mark it will give you a warning. To create the voiceover, go over to the microphone icon, click on it and hold down and begin to create your voiceover, like this. This photo is from the Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation. I found it and sourced it from the web. You can see, as I was doing the voiceover, I got a pop-up warning above the microphone icon that told me to keep my voiceover short. If you need to do a longer voiceover for a particular slide, you might want to just come down here on the slide that you need the longer voiceover, click the three dots and duplicate this slide. That'll give you another 10 seconds over here on this slide with which to do another voiceover. However, remember on this slide to remove the narration. Then simply go back to the microphone icon and continue on with your voiceover. Okay, now I can tell you a little bit more about the Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation, because I have more time on this slide. When you're done, you can come back to the first slide where you started your voiceover, right-click with the mouse and say play from here. And you'll see how your voiceover will continue on to the next slide and play as if it were longer. This photo is from the Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation. I found it and sourced it from the web. Okay, now I can tell you a little bit more about the Black Jaguar White Tiger Foundation, because I have more time on this slide. Voiceovers can also be added to slides where you've imported video. However, the 10 second limit applies here to the videos too. So just make sure you plan accordingly and time your dialogue out so that each slide only has approximately 10 seconds of voiceover.


How do COVID-19 tests work? RT-PCR explained. Viruses have been around for a long time. Adapting and taking over host cells to survive and thrive. They are tiny, efficient packages of protein-wrapped genetic material, RNA or DNA, that cause many animal and human diseases, some deadly. Quick detection is important to protect us all. But the size of viruses and the way they work makes them difficult to spot. In the 1980s, a method called Polymerase Chain Reaction, or PCR, was developed to identify a small fragment of a virus and create multiple copies, making detection easier. PCR originally used radioactive isotopes to mark these copies. The amount of radiation emitted by them showed how much viral material was present in a sample. Today, the glow of fluorescent dyes does this job. PCR is the gold standard in testing for COVID-19 and other viral diseases like Ebola. How does it work? A sample from the person's blood, saliva or mucus is taken and nucleic acids are extracted. This is a mix of the person's own genetic material and, if present, the virus's RNA or DNA. For RNA-based viruses, such as the one causing COVID-19, the genetic material must first be converted into double-stranded DNA for copying in a process called reverse transcription, or RT. Chemical reagents are added to build copies of the genetic material in the sample. These include probes with fluorescent dyes, which will mark any viral DNA found. In a PCR thermocycler machine, different temperature cycles trigger chemical reactions that replicate the original genetic material. In about an hour, billions of copies are made. If the virus is present, the copies will generate fluorescence. The more fluorescence in each cycle, the more viral material is present. The machine measures this increase and displays the information immediately. When done like this in real-time, PCR tests, including RT-PCR, are the fastest and most reliable methods for detecting viruses and other pathogens. Such tests are crucial in the early diagnosis of diseases to counter epidemics in humans and animals.