Hello! I am Ms. Catherine from the San Francisco Public Library and today I would like to share a hand washing song with you which is oh so pertinent right now. This is a quick song which you can go through four or five times to get in that 20 seconds or more of hand washing and it is an echo song so I will sing the first line and then you sing it back to me. I'll sing the second line. You sing it back to me and so forth and I'll go through it several times so that you get the hang of it and enjoy. I hope that you get a lot of mileage from this one. Here we go. Tops and bottoms, tops and bottoms in between, in nice and clean, nice and clean and that is it. Should we try it again? Okay great you're getting it. Tops and bottoms, tops and great job so you can vary the movements you know as you wish. Let's try it again and this time for the echo part I'm going to be quiet so you're just going to sing each line back to me with the gestures okay so I'll start and then you'll reply then it will be my turn you'll reply again and so on okay let's give it a whirl. Here we go, tops and bottoms. I'll change the last line slightly and the gesture that goes with it so I'll show you that variation right now okay so let's try it one more time altogether. Tops and thank you so much for joining me and see you again soon.


Hi, my name is Yvonne Perrel-Andoni, and today we're going to be talking about product management. Specifically, we're going to be taking a straightforward look at what is a very convoluted profession. We're going to start by talking about the long-strange road into the product management career path. After that, we're going to touch on defining success at a personal and product level. Then finally, we're going to talk about some tactics and ideas to develop a stronger relationship with insights-driven storytelling. Before jumping in though, a brief introduction. As I mentioned, my name is Yvonne Perrel-Andoni. Currently, I'm head of ProductDat 4, which is a social media marketing company based in New York. Prior to this, I was director of ProductDat Forbes where I was working on these subscriptions and membership team. Before jumping into actually becoming a product manager, I think it makes sense to take a step back and define what a product manager actually is. For this, I would like to start with a little history lesson. Back in 1931, Neil McElroy from Procter & Gamble wrote this 800-word memo asking for brand men. Neil's idea was simple. If you had individuals whose sole purpose was to be a representative of the voice of the customer within the company, then you would never develop the wrong product. Because the voice of the customer would be the one who was actually driving the product development lifecycle and process, which is great because it prevents you from developing products in a silo that you think might work, but you haven't really had time or the ability or the wherewithal to fully justify and rationalize with the actual users. On a side note, Neil ended up becoming Secretary of Defense co-founding NASA, and he became an advisor at Stanford where he inspired a couple of gentlemen by the name of Hewlett and Packard into computing excellence. That is to say, all product managers are clearly awesome. Moving on to 1943, Hewlett-Packard Enterprises took this idea of brand men and ran with it. You see, the whole idea of Hewlett-Packard was that if they use the voice of the customer to guide their product development process, they couldn't go wrong. They combined that with a few really interesting product development dynamics and processes that they borrowed from Toyota. But overall, they really do attribute this idea of the voice of the customer to their 20 percent sustained 50-year growth from 1943 to 1993. You can actually also read about this in the book called The Hewlett-Packard Way, which is a really interesting deep dive in history if you're interested in such nerdy things. Moving on to 1997, by this time, product management had become less about marketing, which it really did start off as a very marketing-focused profession and more ingrained into the idea of actual technology, so into the nitty-gritty components of actually building and developing products. In 1997, gentlemen by the name of Ben Horowitz of Andreessen Horowitz fame, wrote this memo called Good Product Manager, Bad Product Manager. This is probably one of the most famous quotes in product management, which is the product manager is the CEO of their product. We'll touch on that in a second. But after this in 2001, which was a year of both space autosies and Agile, surprisingly enough, 17 software engineers got together at the Snowbird Ski Resort in Utah, and developed what's called the Agile Manifesto, which was the very first Magna Carta document that described the overall Agile software development process and upended the idea of waterfall development. Pretty much immediately, because of course, what else are 17 software engineers going to talk about on a ski vacation, right? So I did mention that we were going to go back to that quote, a product manager is a CEO of their product. I think it's a really important quote because it's something that a lot of people point to as their reason for becoming a product manager. I think this has become a little bit less unvogue as time has gone on, but when I was coming up in product management, which was in like the early 2010s, this was the whole idea, a product manager is a CEO of their product, and it sounded so cool and so exciting, right? It's like a shortcut to becoming a CEO or something. And unfortunately, it's not necessarily true, or rather it's not something that you should take at face value. See, there's a lot of differences between being a product manager and being a CEO. The major difference is that as a product manager, you don't really have the authority to do much. Instead, as a product manager, you lead with influence, meaning that your job is to interface with different teams and different stakeholders and try to influence the right decisions being made in the company by using a combination of quantitative storytelling, by using a combination of the voice of the customer, and by using your ability to just tell a story in general to showcase your idea for where you think the product should be evolving based, again, of all those external factors, the data based off of what customers need, based off of what the market dictates, to take it off of what the company actually needs to accomplish here. And so this leads us into what a product manager actually is, right? Because if the product manager is not the CEO of their product, then what are they really? Well, product managers are all sorts of things. They're customer service professionals, they're teachers, salespeople, technologists, marketers, UI UX enthusiasts, they're strategists. Product managers wear all sorts of hats and they embody all sorts of roles. And the entire purpose of the ethos of being a product manager is to be all things to a customer, so that other people don't have to be those things to a customer, if that makes sense. And so that means both being very adamant about reaching out to customers and doing market research and identifying what actually needs to be built, but also being very adamant about using data to justify those hypotheses and those assumptions that you're coming up with that are guided hypotheses, but their hypotheses nonetheless, put in together plans and strategies to test those hypotheses. And then effectively bringing other teams along for the ride or leading with influence and trying to get leaders of other teams to, I don't wanna say see things your way, but kind of see things your way and take a stab at doing what you are recommending from a product roadmap and product development perspective. So at a very high level, a product manager is an influencer and that they lead with influence and not authority. A product manager is a guide. They are a sherpa on the journey to the right answer and they really are that voice of the customer and they help effectively drive people in the right direction of building the right product at the right time. And more than anything, product managers are consummate storytellers. The common thread between all of these different hats that I mentioned, all these different things that a product manager is, is that a product manager needs to be able to tell a really effective story in order to get buy-in to do something. If you can't tell an effective story and you can't get buy-in, then you can't succeed in product management full stop. So this leads us to defining like how you can actually become a product manager. And I think what I like to do is think about the six simple mantras of product management that I've kind of come up with throughout my career. These could change for different people, certain people might have different mantras than I do. These are just the things that I've learned and have worked for me. Number one is be humble. As a product manager, it's really easy to fall into the trap of thinking that you know everything because you are the voice of the customer, you're looking at the data, you're talking to all the different teams, right? You're the source of truth for everything. But I think it's really important to recognize that as a product manager, you're never really gonna realize how much you don't know about something. And this goes to this idea of empathy as well, right? It's very easy for you to go and try to dictate how other teams should do their jobs or how other teams should conduct their processes or what other teams should do in support of a product. But it's very difficult to empathize with what else those teams are trying to accomplish and really think about, hey, if the marketing team has these five other goals, like helping me achieve this product goal might not be a top of their priority. So being humble helps you really reframe the conversation with that team and say, hey, this is how we can achieve our goals together, but tell me a little bit more about what you're struggling with and what you're trying to accomplish and let's see if we can come up with a solution. The second piece is being collaborative. And again, this goes back to that whole like empathy piece, right?  Your job is not to tell people what to do or how to do it. Your job is to guide people in the direction of making a successful product. And again, as a Sherpa, you have to recognize that sometimes your product goals might not be the highest priority for a different team because again, you're not a CEO, you don't have very much authority. As a collaborative product manager, your responsibility really is to come up with a win-win situation where you can work together to achieve the outcomes that you both need from a team basis and not feel that you're sinking work into any one thing that isn't gonna actually help you. The third thing is always be curious. It's really easy as a product manager to forget about exploring things outside of the immediate needs of a product. It's really easy to be very short-term when you're thinking. It's very easy to think about just the tasks that you have in front of you. It's always important to be curious and always important to keep questioning yourself. And this also leaves this idea of like humbleness and keeping your ego in check, right? Curiosity doesn't just mean that you're always exploring different product examples in the market, always talking to different customers, always digging into the data to identify what your customers are and are not doing. Being curious also means taking a hard look at the hypotheses and assumptions that you're making and really trying to convince yourself or pitch yourself on them, right? With this bias towards proving yourself wrong. I think the more curious you are, the more you try to disprove yourself, the more you are challenged to create a really strong story and create really strong evidence around why your ideas, why assumptions and why your hypotheses are not only correct, but are definitely worth exploring for. Number four is be strategic. You know, like I said, it's very easy as a product manager to focus on short-term tasks and effectively miss the forest for the trees. As a product manager, it's really important to balance the things you have to accomplish now versus the things that you want the product to accomplish in two years, three years, five years, et cetera. Product management is not a short-term career. It's very difficult to have like a short-term gain mentality for product management. It's really important to have this long-term strategic vision of where the product is going to evolve to. And again, the humbleness to know that that vision could change based off of things that you discover along the way. Number five is bias towards action. And it's kind of funny because this sounds like a little bit of the opposite of what I just said, but you know, a lot of things that younger product managers will also do is neglect the things that have to get done in the short-term in order to drive the long-term strategy.  This means little things like conducting interviews and synthesizing these interviews. This means little things like developing really great documentation. These are all tasks that have to happen and these short-term tasks do need to be balanced with that long-term vision. And then, you know, wrapping it all up, number six, really important be a storyteller. Every experience you've ever had has given you some insight into what you think should be done. Make sure that you can distill those experiences, distill those ideas into a really effective story to tell all of your stakeholders, hey, here's what needs to happen, here's why it needs to happen and here's how we're going to make it happen. So let's talk about becoming a PM. Now that we've kind of defined what a PM is and like what the product management life actually looks like, I think it's important to also recognize that there really is no singular straightforward path to becoming a product manager, right? Again, a product manager is an amalgam of so many different careers and so many different hats and so many different specializations that it's difficult to say, hey, like I've been a product manager my whole life because most of the product managers I know, and I would say most of the most successful product managers actually were not product managers when they started their careers, they were something totally different. So even though there's no singular straightforward path into becoming a product manager, there are some things that you can do to set up your move into product management. So first and foremost, if you're in a larger company with a product organization, it's a really great opportunity for you to think about applying internally. Like I mentioned, every product manager has to wear many, many hats, which means that whatever you're doing at this current moment, be you a designer, a customer service agent, a developer, et cetera, you have a very great insight into some piece of what makes a product manager a product manager. Use that to tell a story of why you would be a really great product manager and start developing relationships across the rest of the product team inside of your organization, really looking for those open roles. This is a really great opportunity for you to not only make connections within the product team in your organization, but also ask questions, like really try to dig into what you could do to be a successful product manager and make sure that your application to those open roles reflects what the actual definition of success is for product management in your particular company because the definition of success for product manager changes from organization to organization and more on that later. The second thing you could do is look for APM or entry level roles. APM associate product manager is honestly something that's relatively new-ish. I would say that the first APM roles were probably started by Marissa Mayer when she was at Google in like the early 2000s. A funny story, when I was coming up as a product manager, it was almost impossible for me to move into product management because there was this catch 22 of like, to be a product manager, you need to have product management experience, but to have product management experience you need to have product manager. You need to be a product manager. So it's like, how do you actually become a freaking product manager, right? The APM role, I think it was a great bridge into getting into product management, but it was something that was exceedingly rare back in the early 2010s when I was coming up. This was something that was very Silicon Valley focused. It was something that like the big techs were doing, but it wasn't something that had led its way into the mainstream from a company perspective. I would say that that's changed quite a bit. I think you'll see a lot of APM and entry-level product roles open nowadays and all sorts of companies are hiring APMs. It's important to note that a lot of companies hiring APMs or entry-level product managers will still have some sort of a years of experience requirement. It's just one of those things where, the third testament here is don't be afraid to put yourself out there. Yes, a lot of job postings are going to require experience. And yes, I'm just going to say, it's going to be daunting because you're just like, well, I'm not a product manager. I have no product management experience. But typically speaking, unless you're working with recruiters that are very to the letter in terms of experience required, what you'll find is that people make allowances for different experiences that ladder up into product management. So don't be afraid to apply for that PM role even if you don't feel that you have the years of product management experience necessary. Instead, use your storytelling ability to explain not only why you'd be a great fit to work collaboratively to guide a feature to success but also use that storytelling ability to really dive into how the things that you've done actually do contribute to product management. Again, there's no straightforward path here but one kind of platitude that I like to say which is funny because I really don't like platitude but to achieve success, you really need to define success. And so this goes into defining success at the product and personal level, right? It's very easy to talk through all of these different tactics that you can have to maybe like make your way into the product management profession but it's really important to have that end goal of like what you actually want to achieve and what is successful to you in order for you to start being more effective about how you're telling those stories. So defining success on a personal and product level is honestly as critical to launching a product or a feature as it is to setting you up for career success. And then side note, I love royalty-free imagery because it really adds this sense of gravitas to every presentation. And so, you know, this is legit advice because of this hyper inspirational royalty-free imagery. So let's talk about defining success. What does that actually mean? In its simplest form, defining success really just means defining and justifying a problem to solve, right? So you want to start with defining your why, meaning why are you trying to solve this problem? What is this problem? What is the importance of this problem? Why is it important for you to tackle this problem and why is it beneficial for the company to address this problem? Secondly, define your vision. Once you've justified the why behind your problem, you need to be able to articulate a vision on how you view not necessarily solving the problem but approaching a solution to the problem. Now, this isn't you saying, hey, like we need to develop this product with these super specific features. Rather, it's you taking a step back and saying, hey, in an ideal world, knowing that we need to solve this problem, what are some of the core outcomes of a successful product that would be solving this problem? And with those core outcomes, you really want to keep them kind of at the high level, instead of, again, talking about the specific features that you think are going to be a successful solution to any kind of industry problem, you want to start with defining the components of success. And so components of success can be articulated as simply as like for this product to be a successful solution to this industry problem, we need to be able to capture 10% of the total addressable market in order to have enough scale to continue to grow this product or in order for this product to successfully solve this problem, we need to enable the average user to save 25% of the amount of time that it would take them to do this normal task on a consistent basis. And so you start to see that components of success are honestly more metrics driven and a lot less feature driven. So once you've defined those components of success, you need to define your measurements, right? One of the things that a manager has told me that has stuck with me for years is that if you can't measure it, it doesn't exist. And so once you've defined the components of your success, this solution needs to make it easier to solve this problem. This solution needs to have this number of scale from a total addressable market acquisition perspective, defining how you're actually gonna measure those components of success or KPIs is gonna be absolutely critical for you to actually define success and solve this problem. So I said a word there, KPIs. What does that actually mean? At its basic form, KPI means Key Performance Indicator. Side note, there's a lot of acronyms in the product management world, which is absolutely hilarious. Once you get to use the acronyms a few times, you'll start using them in day-to-day conversation, like when you're out at a bar or drinks with friends and you take a listen to yourself and you're just like, God, what have I become? Anyways, it's imperative that as you set KPIs or Key Performance Indicators, you're able to effectively measure them. So there's a few kind of core components that make KPIs KPIs. KPIs need to be simple. You don't wanna have like a hyper-complex, like 17-way measurement if you can be avoided because it makes it very difficult for you to actually define success off of something that's so complex that you can barely understand it. They need to be relevant, meaning KPIs need to have some sort of relevance to what you're actually trying to solve. If you're saying, hey, like, I need to solve this problem for personal finance. I need to make it 25% easier for the average individual to balance their checkbook on a monthly basis. You shouldn't be sending a KPI of like, maybe it also needs to reduce a person's commute time by 15% because that's not really relevant to what you're trying to solve at that given time. They need to be aligned, which in terms of relevance, alignment with each other is super important as well. This is more just to say that like KPI shouldn't really be orphaned. Most KPIs have some sort of alignment against themselves, meaning that there's either some sort of like a ladder type relationship or like one KPI would be get the other, so you need to achieve success in one or achieve success in the other, or they all drive towards the same or similar outcomes. KPIs need to be actionable, meaning you need to be able to not only measure KPIs, but you need to be able to take action on what those KPIs are. And that really translates into the ability to do different things from a testing perspective to really drive towards whatever you've defined success for for that KPI. And then finally, KPIs again need to be measurable. Most importantly of all, you need to be able to measure the success and the impact of the things that you try and the tests that you run in order to make a product successful. So KPIs are great, but how do you actually define them? It's very weird and esoteric to say that like, KPI definition is this like huge measure of success without really talking about like, how KPIs are actually derived and like what is the actual like importance of those KPIs? And so this is where we start diving into the relationship between a product manager and insights driven storytelling. I like to say that insights are our product manager's best friends. And here's what I mean by that. So, we talked about kind of our KPIs in the last couple of slides, but if you really dive down into what makes a KPI a KPI, there's this level of insight that goes into developing a KPI. And without it, your KPI is kind of flat, right? So let's take a look at some of these quote unquote insights, right? Like several users preferred the green font treatment over the red font treatment. And I think that this means that it's because green means go and our customers love to go. Some users didn't log in last week. And I think it has to do with last week being a bank holiday in the UK. I'm not sure though. Or a few paying subscribers canceled their subscription last week, likely because they needed the app more expensive. All of these insights are theoretically meant to be used to derive what an actual KPI is and to help measure and achieve success against specific KPIs. But it's very difficult to set KPIs because KPIs need to be specific, like a 20% increase in overall logins or something if you don't have specific insights to base those KPIs on. So really let's take a look at what quantitative insights look like and how they're gonna be a lot more helpful. So what if we say instead of like a few or some or like I think, you know, 50, there was a 50% decrease in logins last week, likely due to the bank holiday in UK, which affected 40% of our user base, right? That makes sense. It says, hey, like there's a very strong correlation between this decrease in logins and our overall user base because the majority of our user base was exposed to this specific thing that was outside of our control that could have impacted their ability or desire to log into our application. Or 90% capability of green font treatment over red font treatment in our AB test, right? Sure, you can speculate. It's because like green means go and red means stop or whatever, but really the core insight that we wanna drive to here is that, you know, we AB tested a group of 10,000 users and 9,000 of them decided that they liked green over red, which is a hugely important and powerful insight to use into the creation of subsequent tests or subsequent visual treatments that help drive towards some sort of a product API. Or, you know, there's a 40% turn rate month over month and keeping with our price increase timeline, which is underpacing our expected turn by 10%, right?  This is saying that while our turn rate is high at 40%, we're actually underpacing our expected 50% of turn rate and this is well in keeping with expectations based off of our pricing shift. And so as you really think about what makes the insight successful, again, it just can't be overstated how important insights are to telling an effective story. So we've talked about insights, we talked about KPIs. It is still a little bit esoteric, right? Because how do you translate data into insights? Well, I think about data as almost like a funnel, right? There's this kind of like really wide end of the funnel and then there's like this very narrow and we're like little bits drip out of it. And so on the wide end of the funnel, what you see is this giant pool of data, right? Most companies have so much data. They have more data than they know what to do with and that's fine because data is the lifeblood of information. One step below data, instead of that giant pool, like one slightly processed step of data is this idea of information. So information is a processed view of data that can start to be combined into insights, right? This is taking that largely unstructured data, structuring it and making it both readable, writable and actionable. And then we have insights. Insights are really quantitative gold and the prospect of deriving insights becomes a lot easier when you think about deriving insights as a factor of information. Again, information is this kind of distilled sense of data that is readable and understandable. And then from an insights perspective, what you do is you go into that information and start developing core metrics and you start developing core outcomes and you start putting the two and two together to make four and sometimes five, but that's okay because we all make mistakes to develop these core insights that you could then use to develop your KPIs that you could then use to define success for your product that you could then use to define your overall roadmap and your testing strategy. See how it all works together. So how do you actually navigate data to derive insights? Well, you start with the hypothesis, right?  You're not gonna be just staring at some dashboard and be like, aha, Eureka, I've discovered it. No, typically you're gonna have to really think about a directed way to start exploring information in order to achieve actionable insights. Starting with a hypothesis is a great way to do that. This is one of those things where you don't necessarily have to be right and it's totally okay to be wrong. And as with any hypothesis, you should really try to disprove yourself because other people are gonna try to disprove you. So it's important if you're your own first line of defense there. You know, start with your hypothesis, use some of your assumptions based off of your day-to-day, based off of your interactions with other teams, with customers, et cetera, to start guiding your exploration of information. Your hypothesis, again, doesn't need to be correct, but it needs to be compelling and that you shouldn't just be like wildly making guesses. Like really use kind of this sense of a structured hypothesis, right? Cause a hypothesis is really just like an informed assumption. So really emphasize the whole informed piece so that you're not just taking a while to stabs in the dark and hoping you're right. Number two is you look for information. Once you've developed a hypothesis, start thinking about the information that you could use to prove or disprove your hypothesis. So a great example is like, hey, I have a hypothesis about our overall monthly churn rate. So information I wanna look at is like overall app usage, overall churn rate, overall login frequency, increase or drop in like WA use or MA use however you wanna define success there. But all of these elements are just information. They're not insights in themselves, they're pieces of an insight. So number three is mix and match. Again, insights are gonna be made of a lot of different types of information typically. So you wanna start picking and choosing the information that most effectively tells a story against the insight that you're trying to achieve based off your hypothesis. Make sure you look at the information from all angles. It's really important to be able to identify several pieces of information that can ladder up to a single unified insight. Simple water. And then finally, ignore your ego. As with all things product management, you're probably gonna be wrong and that's okay. It's totally fine to be wrong. We just need to number one, admit that you're wrong and number two, work to correct your mistake. And from this, we start to realize that the most compelling stories are quantitative, honest and scalable. So back to this idea of defining success, that's this idea of insights driven storytelling. Quantitative, honest and scalable, are really great North stars for you to think about. So what do I mean by that? It means like, you wanna make sure that you're focusing on impactful problems, right? If you have a giant thing staring you in the face, if you have this opportunity to make a very minor, very boring adjustment to have an outsized impact on your application, maybe it's moving a button to drive like a 50% increase in conversion rate or something, always focus on that first. There might be more interesting problems to look at. There might be more fun things to start working through from a feature perspective. And those fun things might impact a much smaller group of audience. All right, so really think about the overall impact, the overall scalability of the decisions that you're making and focus on what's gonna be the most impactful first. That's gonna be really important, especially as you go through series of rapid iterations and testing. What you don't wanna do is move the needle a tiny, tiny bit on every massive test you make. You wanna make sure that you're using as minimum effort as possible to drive as maximal of results as possible. And that's a great ethos, just kinda live by in life, honestly. So let's wrap up. Product management, again, it takes many forms and there's a lot of X factors for success. One thing you'll see as your career progresses is that being a PM at different companies is gonna mean completely different things. You're never gonna have one unified definition of what a PM is or what a successful PM is. But there's some core elements of like moxie, productivity and storytelling that are gonna be hugely impactful and hugely helpful for you to evolve your career as a product manager. So chase your dream.  Keep applying and keep using each application as an opportunity to hone your ability to tell your story. Be proactive about defining success. Again, both at a career and a product level, it's really important for you to have a strong definition of success because if you don't know what success actually is, it's gonna be very difficult to put together a strategy or a plan to achieve a successful outcome, right? Cause you're just kind of planning for what? And then finally, above all be the best storyteller. Use all the tools and experiences at your disposal to tell the most compelling stories you can about whatever you're trying to tell a story about, whether it's why you would be the greatest product manager for an organization or why your assumptions and hypotheses for a product test cycle are gonna yield the best product possible for the market. So that's it for me. Hopefully you learned a little bit. Feel free to reach out. My email is on the deck at the very beginning. I'm very happy to answer any questions. And if you catch me on LinkedIn, feel free to connect and say hi. I'm always happy to message people. Other than that, thank you very much and have a great day. Bye-bye.


Medal of Honor recipient, Admiral James B. Stockdale, credited Stoic philosophy with helping him endure his Vietnam prisoner of war experience. He also believed that the study of moral philosophy is a necessary component of professional military education and personal leader development. The Stoic commitment to virtue helped them to live good lives in the face of a belief that life is fundamentally unfair. Wisdom allows us to distinguish those things we can control from those things we cannot. Hard decisions, which are the bread and butter of leadership, often require moral courage. And a commitment to justice is fundamental to building trust and shared purpose. All these are important virtues, but without temperance, emotions potentially hijack our decision making. Life may not be fair, but any good leader must strive to be. To be fair, judicious, moral, and wise. But always temperate. Lead well this week.


So, you know that the mole is defined to be 6.022 x 10 to the 23 things, let's say particles. And apart from investigating issues like what would happen if you had a mole of moles, the mole is usually used in chemistry to think about numbers and ratios of atoms or molecules or ions or things of that kind. The problem here though is that we can't possibly count an actual mole of things. As an exercise, try calculating how long it would take you to count from one to a mole. So to solve this, we need to be able to convert a mole into something that's easy to measure on our human timescale and using human equipment. Well, when a grocer measures out cherries, they don't count out individual cherries, but they'd weigh out a certain mass, say a kilo of cherries. And if you knew how much an average cherry weighed, you could calculate how many cherries were in that kilo. The same principle applies in chemistry. We do know how much atoms weigh, so we can work out how much one mole of those atoms weighs. And we can then convert between the mass of a sample of, say, carbon and how many moles of atoms are in that sample. The quantity that we use to do this is known as molar mass, and it's numerically equivalent to the mass of one mole of a substance. So the molar mass of carbon is the mass of one mole of carbon atoms. If you have one mole of pure carbon-12 isotope, that's 12,000, etc., grams. Remember that's how we defined the mole in the first place. But if you have ordinary carbon, which is a mixture of mostly carbon-12 with a bit of carbon-13 and carbon-14 mixed in, the mass of one mole will be slightly heavier because a small proportion of the atoms are of those heavier isotopes. It will weigh 12.011 grams. Notice that this number is the same number that you've understood as the atomic weight that's listed on the periodic table. A neat and intentional consequence of the way that the atomic mass number and the mole are defined, both using carbon-12 as a standard, is that the numerical value for the atomic weight of an atom is the same as the mass of a mole of those atoms. The only thing that's different is the units. The atomic mass unit, when you're measuring individual atoms, and grams when you're measuring moles of atoms. So for instance, the average atomic weight of iron is 55.85 atomic mass units, and the mass of one mole of iron atoms is 55.85 grams. The average atomic weight of a helium atom is 4.003 atomic mass units, and the mass of one mole of helium, 6.022 times 10 to the 23 helium atoms, is 4.003 grams. Now there's one thing we have to be really careful about when we say that molar mass is the mass of one mole. If you're asked the mass of something, what units would you express it in? Or mass units, grams or kilograms, for moles it's usually grams. But molar mass is not an ordinary mass, it's a ratio. It's the mass per mole of a substance. So its units are grams per mole. This doesn't change the value of the number at all, but it makes a big difference when you're trying to get your units to cancel out nicely in calculations, and it's also an important aspect of proportional thinking. The mass of one mole of something is kind of a one-use number. There's not much you can do with it other than know the value of that mass. But re-expressing it, rebranding it, if you like, as a ratio, the mass per mole means that mathematically we can now apply it to any number of moles to find out what mass they would have. So this is the relationship. The molar mass of a substance in grams per mole equals the mass in grams divided by the moles in mole. You can rearrange this equation to make mass the subject or moles depending on what information you have available to you and what it is that you want to calculate.


Chicho rap Hi Chicho DJ register. How you doing? Okay, quick stream today quick stream today as a stock. I think you have to reload gang Twitch disconnected So it's just saying it just started up again. Okay. Hopefully this isn't gonna persist if it persists What I might do is Reload restart the computer. We're back stream down from Chicho I know I know I just realized that it gave me a little warning You know what? I'm thinking maybe I should kill the stream and Reload it, but maybe not Maybe we just leave it alone. Should we just leave it alone and keep on going? Should we keep on going gang? What do you say? Or should we restart the stream? We I might have to reboot the computer and then restart OBS. What do you think? Salute everybody. I hope you're having an amazing time with friends and family lots of food lots of drinks I'm back. I'm back DJ register. Awesome. Would you ever do a podcast with an interesting person for sure? Of course We might be in the clear. Okay. I am seeing you're seeing me me closing and coming back work. Okay. Awesome Hopefully it won't kill us and gang. Thank you for the follows. Thank you for the subs. Thank you for the support Thank you for being here Gang for live streams where we don't have any visuals we do Upload the audio to soundcloud.com for slash chichou CHYCHO and if you want this content in Podcast format you can follow the work on SoundCloud and they should be available on your favorite podcasting platform Resister resister. It's not register resister, bro Resister DJ resister DJ resister Thank you for the correction and gang if I'm pronoun mispronouncing your names, please correct me.  We jarred up 70 pounds of honey that local unpasteurized honey that we bought again this year fantastic fantastic so we're gonna have a lot of honey to give away to people and I got a comic book haul yesterday and I got a notice this morning that at the post office that there was a comic book haul waiting for me So as soon as I got that notice, I knew we're going to do a comic book haul right after the honey stream Okay, so we're doing a comic book haul There's two packages here One of them is modern age another one is basically golden age and one of them is cgc graded Which one do you guys want to start off first? Which one do you guys want to start off first? Let me take these guys down Can just confirm you're a real chicho batman No batman in these comics I got some stuff from bakery eating it eating Eating it thinking of awesome. Awesome DJ resister, I will need to rewatch this Okay, enjoy the pastries. Enjoy the pastries Pope grimy learn about be Be poop in France today Indeed and by the way, if you want to know what be poop was all about We found out I think scientists. I don't know when the article was released. I came across it a few days ago but basically One of the reasons that wasps attack Be ness is because they love eating the larva the little baby bees their major protein source for them Right, they eat the honey and they eat the bees and they eat the little baby bees But what scientists have discovered is bees and I don't know. It's just France I'm not sure 100% where the bee colonies were But what bees have discovered is if they poop in front of the bee hives Then the wasp don't come in. So that's a defense mechanism for the bees and they're considering that to be a tool so I believe this is the first instance of bees Using tools or insects using tools, right evolution is insane How sound cloud going it's going slow, but it's good to have the audios up there I always like all your posts to help a bit. I love the audio from do you love the audio from an awesome I'm gonna do a lot more audio on there by the way It's a chichobot Oh, thank god the flying kiwi. I've heard about that evolution truly is insane gang Should we do modern age? Or should we do golden age? The names the names the names Or should we do golden age? So what are the options of comics today? Oh, man, no notifications. How much alignment and crack For some reason twitch notifications haven't gone out Modern please okay, we go with modern age first. I just basically started I just basically started We had a little cut out. Oh crack Pope grimy beat you to it. We're going with modern age first The golden age is sweet The golden age I got great deals and the modern age I got pretty good deals on it too. Okay The modern age I got pretty good deal on it Especially on one of the one of the comics. So let's go through the modern age Okay, let me cut this up Let me cut this up The packaging isn't the best No worries. All comics are welcome. All comics are welcome. Oh the packaging is sketchy Check this out This guy just threw the comics Into the bag without any Any protection check it out Just throw them in like this. That's it Oh sketchy, but this person was uh Was a little iffy to begin with because he didn't really grade the comics. He said everything's 8 plus. I know it's better, but it's But it's I'm grading it as an 8 plus. So I went, okay Let's see what this guy is about and let me tell you what this cost. Okay this thing This thing is This this guy cost The comics ended up costing Let me bring up the order the comics ended up costing 37 dollars. The shipping was 19 dollars and this is canadian funds Right, so let's say around 40 dollars us, right? So this thing cost around 40 dollars us okay and This I have some of these comics, right? I have most of these comics Uh, but there was a couple comics that I didn't have I don't know why anyone would put this in a In an envelope. Luckily it just came from Alberta. So there's no things or anything on the envelope. So the comics didn't get trashed But I don't think I'll be ordering from this guy again Send me a treasured treasured behavior Funny Funny Let's see what we got. Let's see what we got. Let's see what we got. Let's see what we got Lucky this wasn't coming from anywhere else. Oh my god Alberta is really close to us, right? But it still did take a while for it to get here There's tape there There's tape there here Do you want any cal- oh indeed Hannah I've read all of Calvin and Hobbes everything he put out Right everything he put out Bill Water, Waterson is amazing. I believe that's his name Let's shake this out. Let's shake this out. I can't stand people who send comics. Yeah, really pope I don't know why they would do it like it's to me. It just baffles it. It's like sending china Just in a loose box. It's like what are you doing, dude? What are you doing crack? Yeah shipping has been slow the last few weeks and waiting on stuff Some stuff is yeah indeed like it's crazy So check this out We're gonna check out Two of these things Two of these things For the grade the two expensive ones. Okay. Check this out Now I don't have I don't have a handful of these but There's a total of one two three four five six seven eight nine There's a total of nine comics Eight of them are valiant and one of them is a marvel first appearance Okay, check this out here is Bloodshot number five from the second series from acclaim Take a look and I don't have this in my collection. Okay And let me tell you hold on. Let me tell you how much I ended up getting this for Obviously, you're involved with selling comics. You should know that protect them indeed Like seriously, it's a no-brainer like I don't get it this is Oh, did I close the no, I didn't check this out This is this came out in 1997 and it's a tribute to nick fury agents of agents of shield Which is uh Stranko tribute, right? I just wanted to get the date and the name correctly and It's a beautiful cover, right? I love this cover and I believe I should have agents of shield number one Okay, and he graded all of these at eight plus So it is indeed Okay, let me put this here Here's bloodshot number three and I got this I don't think I have this cover and I got this because the cover is absolutely beautiful Great homage cover. That's a great homage cover. Nice a little nick fury not there Uh with that bloodshot for indeed this cover. I really like Right I'm going to show you the valians first. I'm going to check one of them out Here I'm going to put these ones Actually, we're going to check two of them out. I'm going to put this one here check it out Check this one out, too Oh, no, let's do it like this. Here is Actually, I should check these ones out, too. Magnus robot fighter number one Right, I have this but man, I couldn't pass it up I just want to see just because I was getting the other comics from the guy I just added some just to distribute the shipping cost, right? Let's see if the coupon is in here I'm curious to see if the coupon is in here Come on, baby. Have the coupon and the cover Oh, it's it's way better than great than eight There's no doubt as long as the coupon is in there and the coupon is in there very sweet Right and you can get this on the cheap gang. This is an important book Right very important book as far as I'm concerned and a fantastic series Fantastic series. I have this. This is the only valiant comic run from the original valiant comics That I have the full run Of magnus robot fighter Okay See so many books behind. What are your top three? Oh, man. I got a lot. I just by the way I just did a whole rearrange of my bookshelf. I put another row above the top row Top row of books that I have so I converted these two to graphic novels And all of this from this side is graphic novels and on this side is a lot of the books that I reference and important books that I have Right, here's magnus robot fighter number two. This cover. I absolutely love Love love this cover. This cover blew me away for some reason. I just Think it's absolutely fantastic All right, absolutely fantastic We drum Hello guys, I am I am MJ and I'm new to comics. I want to start reading but don't know where to start I only read Deadpool kills the marvel you that's the only book you've read It really depends on If you love Deadpool there's really there's so many amazing books out there. Uh, what's your what's your What do you prefer we drum? Here's magnus robot fighter number two. Okay, just pull it out just to show you the cover I'm going to check to see if the coupons in this Indeed indeed and check out the coupons, right? awesome awesome And you're supposed to send this coupon in cut out this coupon to send it in for magnus robot fighter number zero, right? Oh the bat the batman who laughs for sure. I have that first appearance by the way If you want to check out the batman who laughs the batman run right now is It's pretty good. They're introducing a new batman that there's something going to be happening with batman and detective comics that it looks like Batman's going to be pulled out and there's going to be a new batman coming in for 12 issues Here is magnus robot fighter number seven Right And it has the third appearance of rye Right, it's a flip book. Ah, I enjoy it. Enjoy it. One two three And there's a lot of amazing batman books out there Nice I love the early fair valiance really you can't mess with this. Let me show you the flip side of it Here's rye number three Nice on the flip, right? I hope the coupons in this Check it out, right? You flip it fs Gicho, do you believe in real heroes like captain america or stuff like that serve? Somewhere in army Uh Executes execution.  You must be you must be part of hillary clinton's game Right on awesome Awesome unannounced. She chose soon early christmas present. Awesome Fantastic. These are Yeah, these are way better in eight. These are like nine nine point two fantastic Some great covers of the man. Yeah crack I don't know if you ever got into you must have gotten into early valiance. No Trump's first round of pardon didn't include no it didn't check this one out. I wish this was a first print Solar man of the atom number 10. I got another copy second print. See the glare there Second print. We're gonna read this book. We're gonna read this book We're gonna read this book. We're gonna read this book I'm not gonna crack this open. We're gonna read it. This is part of our reading list, right? Nice nice nice Here is Exile man of war number two Okay, uh crack you didn't get into the valiance dude You're in for a treat when you read them. Check out for really if you're gonna read them check out Solar man of the atom number one to ten The first valiant run the new the 2012 runs are amazing as well, but the first valiant run Solar man of the atom number one to ten one of the most important um Comic book runs ever one of the best comic book runs ever and this is the first appearance of eternal warrior Do you know Do you know what's the strongest version of batman? Uh elder god will know this. What's the strongest version of batman elder god? Okay, exo man of war number two Ah, you timed them out. Okay elder god good enough Check this out Those those books everything I showed you there cost me anywhere between one and not one two to three dollars two to three dollars Okay, canadian so $1.50 to two 25 each right Not a bad price not a bad price Funky monkey chicho. I bought I bought days of destruction days of revolt on your recommendation But I haven't read it yet any other recent non-fiction comics to be uh, there's one Recent this this this book was amazing okay This comic book is fantastic Is this is this guy for real and Un unbelievable andy kaufman. So this is a graphic novel based on andy kaufman some biography It was really good. It came out last year a couple years ago. I've read this thing. It's fantastic Right, there's another book that joe soco recently put out called Play the land paying the land playing the land and he went into Canadian north and did a comic book based on the inuit Um, the indigenous population of canada and it's supposed to be really good. I haven't got my hands on it yet Check this out These next two comics cost me $8.50 canadian each. So that's around $7 canadian each Rye number four This cover and rye number three are sought after and they're amazing covers. I love the rye series The first rye series is fantastic The strongest batman you say pep asriel really You think the strongest batman was asriel I'm gonna check rye number four I want to see what great this is in Love andy kaufman. Yeah, and box brown is amazing Man considering how this guy sent the comics these things are beautiful A nine. I would give this a nine at least All right, check out the cover without the plastic glare beautiful One two three chichu. Do you always speak the softly? Do I always speak the softly game? Sort of I guess I don't consider me speaking softly. I'm crazy excited awesome awesome beautiful look at this Love rye love rye Yeah, my natural state. I guess it's this two asmr right And check this one out. This is the only marvel book Okay And this was a really good deal Okay, this was a crazy good deal 850 canadian $7 us 675 us When I talk comics to get a little wolverine origins number 10 First appearance of dakin wolverine sun Cameo appearance number 11 is this full first full appearance and this is a first print Awesome. I didn't have this I didn't have this We jarred off ricky. We jarred up 70 pounds of honey My natural state is very chill crack says one of the reasons we love watching my wife was commenting on how relaxed you sound nice We're gonna check this one out. I want to see what kind of type of grape this is Dakin is one of your favorites. Ah, so Let's check this out. What great are we? What great are we? I'm putting it under light Just to check it out And you can run your finger on the on the spine, right a little tick here Not bad not bad What great would this be in?   My bid was higher actually it just didn't go higher. So sweet The third claw variant is this there's a claw coming from here and goes straight down like that Right it fetches like insane price insane price Right, I actually don't like marvel doing those variants Hidden variants and stuff. I really don't like it right I like for me, I like the collection of Oh nice and it's got the insert in there too check this out Excellent excellent and here's the insert on that Excellent excellent. This was a great price. This was a great price fantastic price This thing goes for a lot higher does nice So that's a good haul Very surprised these books came back came In such great shape Let's put these here. I have never seen a comic comic bookstore in the netherlands bummer. Oh, that's too bad That's too bad gang There is five books here one of them is graded Okay So let's crack this open This is from a different seller. We've bought from this person before And they ship things nicely and that's a thing like when I find sellers that Do a fantastic job shipping books and their grading is legit and You know, they bend out of their way to to make sure you're happy with your service and they ship the books nicely Man, I go back to them. Why not? Crack Variants are a big part of the Crash in the 90s. It's it's disappointed to see them gaining so much steam again these past couple Indeed crack. I'm not huge on them, right? For me, the important thing is if you're going to collect the run Collect the main run right collect books that by the way salut Okay, correct the collect the books that Complete your run, right? I don't like the exclusivity of things I want I want the books to be accessible to everyone You ended up getting your hands on the book when it hit the shelves fantastic, right? That's equal opportunity That's why I don't I I hate the idea of the people that did the valiant Doing bad idea that The company bad idea doing exclusives and you have to order from them directly and all that's just like dude.  This is indeed. This is pomegranate homemade pomegranate liqueur Delicious and there's seeds in there, too. I don't know if you'll see them, right? gang free assange free assange free assange And as crack a crack says Collect what you like the only rule you need to remember and read your comic books Nice That's what you want packaging. Okay, we're gonna look at the Singles first and then we'll look at the The cgc book, right? So this is what we've got Let me put this here read absolutely read. So let me put the cgc here. Look at this Nicely bubble wrap cgc, but fantastic Fantastic Here's the singles nicely like this is packed up like this in a box with bubble Stuffing in there. The other guy set the comics without even the boards on them right crazy Weird weird Let's crack this open I want to make sure we don't accidentally puncture any of the comics Read read and read absolutely. Where's to live by indeed? Read your comics gang You can't read all of them like if you're a hardcore collector like I'm a hardcore collector, right? um I don't have the opportunity to read everything but read a lot Nice and you put them in another bag Check this out V62p Merry Christmas Chicho. Merry Christmas to you as well I stop in your stream from time to time. Hope all is well. Thank you very much doing well Doing well Enjoying a comic book haul Oh, you start elder guy you stop reading in 2000 Man you gotta get back into it. Well you read when we do the reading. So that's cool I started watching this channel for economics and math, but state for politics and comics Nice Nice. Okay. I'm going to show you this set first Okay, check this out One of these is golden age Two of them are silver age early silver age 1955, right? First golden age Put tape on it Flat top number two from maze comics Awesome, let me tell you how much I ended up Well, this set actually these three comics together. Let me tell you what I ended up paying for this I should I should tell you what here. Let me put this down And gang don't forget free assange free assange free assange This comic book haul that I just pulled out of the bag is five books Okay The cost of the books I'm going to give it to you in canadian Was 75 canadian and the shipping was an extra 21 canadian. So total it ended up being 96 canadian, which is around 75 us right total was around 75 us including shipping and taxes and whatnot These three comics that I'm about to show you Let me put this one here these three comics. Let me put tapes on them too Because these two are open These three comics ended up costing 20 $26 canadian Let me put this tape on it too He's got to open that and they're packed up in mylar too like seriously. That's fantastic, right? Now I can show you this stuff So What do we got? What do we got? Flat top number two Golden age 1952, I believe This is Maze comics and it's sort of like an archie Spin-off not spin-off. Sorry ripoff. I don't want to say ripoff but Sort of a copycat, right? Alligator yes, chicho. I had too many responsibilities and my life was crazy Yeah, I go through periods but since doing these live streams and comic books and stuff I've kept on reading flat top number two Fantastic and these were graded These were graded These were graded. What were the grades on these? The grades on these Were very good to very good fine. Okay, very good to very good fine And I would agree with that grade so this seriously this was a great deal flat top number two And this character this is the character flat top and this is mazy. Whoops. This is mazy over here, right? and This flat top ran I believe for 12 issues Okay, and this is issue number two Oh man golden age or our comics have never tapped into yet I'd love to get into pre-code horror books indeed, but that's a scary thing to get into So expensive so expensive here is mazy Number 19, which is the girl you saw on the other one. There's flat top right there, right? Flat top in the back So flat top was a secondary character that kicked off of the mazy comic, right? So mazy number 19 No, no, no, no, it's not the Dick Tracy villain Pope Grimy. It's not the Dick Tracy villain It's sort of an Archie Type of comic books And these are sought after these are sought after And mazy number 23 23 And there's flat top in the background being chased by bees That flat top top flat top go after his date steve He said he was going after his honey, but I get uh, I bet he gets stung ha ha Ha actually pretty uh Pretty good the good comic book to bring in considering we just did a honey Jarring stream Such a beautiful clean style on those books. Yeah Very happy to have these so 20 26 dollars canadian for three of these graded from Very good to very good find great deal Very good deal very good deal Okay, very good deal What was flat top saying look at all the kisses on flat top here So why so blue steve? Because every time mazy goes out with flat top. I see red ha ha He's got red lipstick all over Let me show you this other book Oh my Look at this one This was uh, this was the most expensive Okay This this one happy holidays kind of burby Happy holidays and these this one was the most expensive This one ended up being 34 dollars canadian Okay, and it's graded at 2.5. I believe Let me just check it. He that's what he graded. Yeah 2.5 right This is This is and how many issues was this ran for? This ran for six issues. I believe. Yeah six issues This is He's historically extremely important Cheryl, how are you doing? Jackie Robinson number four golden age book Jackie Robinson the first black person to be accepted into The major leagues right African-american This is the canadian variant And ended up costing 34 dollars canadian, okay This was a really good deal He had number one up for sale as well, but number one was It was really beat up and it went up. It went for way worn what I was willing to pay I'm glad to have this in my collection Very glad to have this in my collection Should we crack it open just to see let's crack it open just to see I'm surprised they put this one in mylar I'll put it in mylar once mylar becomes available again Like mylar is you can't even find it in comic shops right now. Okay. I'm gonna fold this up the tape I'll put it in a new bag awesome sport thrills galore starring the dashing dodger I don't know baseball very well. I don't I don't know the history of it. It's just some of the major Events that happened, right? Nice. It's nicely intact Teddy bear records teddy bear records This is better than the good. I would give this better than the good Staples are nicely tacked Did Jackie Robinson play football as well? I don't know this Did he play football as well? Did he do with uh Jordan Michael Jordan did did he go from basketball to Baseball and then Jackie roverson go from baseball to football I don't know Very cool Very happy to have this We might have to give this a read at some points We may have to give this a read at some points cool cool cool bow Jackson Is that what he went went as? bow Jackson Let me show you The cgc graded book This was the cheapest one of all, right? Remember we paid 34 for Jackie Robinson We paid 26 for the three sets we paid This is cgc graded cgc graded and we paid 15 50 Canadian This was an amazing deal Romance comic golden age romance comic Jack Kirby Joe Simon art plus a whole bunch of other ones Young romance Number 34 and he has a $60 tag here So maybe that he was selling this for $60 We ended up getting it for 15 50 Canadian 1952 Take a look Great deal. Look at the glare on that The third one Look at the glare on that The thing the case right So, uh, Pope Jackie Robinson played baseball and football. Very cool. Very cool Crack nice that run is a big favorite Of a lot of people are like, which one is that? G.I. Joe. Oh, yeah, G.I. Joe. I never got into reading it back then when it was coming out But I do have G.I. Joe one and two So this is Joe Simon Jack Kirby artwork for the first story, I believe Okay, yeah, I'm very happy to have this. I love as you know, I've been chasing Not chasing but buying the golden age romance comics as much as I could Right So this is prize publications by the way and prize publications is sought after Okay photo cover obviously It says covers detached but graded at four so Not bad There's no huge chunks missing from this at all. So that's fantastic How many graded books do you have now? Oh, probably I have less than 20 maybe like 13 14 I don't I don't even think it's 15 now One of these days we'll do a Cgc update how many or how many graded books I have it's not just cdc. I have the The other one as well cbcs A romanc book by jack $15 and 50 cents canadian. So like $12 us graded right Great deal great deal and the other people that worked on this book are The other people that worked on this book are morta messkin bill draught George rossos Okay And again prize publications which is sought after Very much sought after Fantastic Really You can't beat it I'm having cross-platform madness. I keep trying to smiley face people's comments And the case is in fantastic shape great shape We'll be buying from the seller again We'll be buying from the seller again. I have one on my radar and If I can get good deals we get good deals Awesome gang. I hope you enjoyed. I really wanted to do a comic book haul Today and I'm glad we're able to do it gang Happy holidays. Merry Christmas I hope you're having a fantastic time with the family And friends and if not in person, I hope you're staying in touch with them appreciating what's going on But not buying into the hype All right, not buying into the The control mechanisms that are being put into place but holding tight enjoying comic books enjoying food enjoying drink And being aware of what is taking place awesome haul. Thanks for sharing my pleasure That was great as always. I'm glad I caught you even without the notifications. Yeah I guess tWish didn't send out the notifications. Oh, well selavi It's an intimate affair Take care chichu whatever indeed funky monkey Gang if you're around tomorrow We're gonna play our 10 by 10 puzzle starting at 11 30 a.m 10 by 10 puzzle. We haven't done it for a while. Let's shoot for 100 on christmas day Sweet sweet sweet All right, and then after that we're going to do politics and economics on the weekend and gang Don't forget free assange free assange free Assange and as for our quick outro I'm on patreon if you want to follow this work if you want to support this work for those of you who are supporting This work on patreon. Thank you for the support We're live streaming on twitch if you want to participate in the chat Twitch is where you want to be at crack 10 by 10. Wow. That's been a while since one of those. Yeah, indeed indeed Gang, thank you for the follows. Thank you for the subs. Thank you for the discussions and cheers everyone indeed. Cheryl I do announce these live streams 30 minutes before we go live Or just before we go live on parlor l o minds vk gap and twitter and we do share additional content there And we do have a discord page if you come to our twitch channel anytime you want and type in social You'll get all the links for everything including our discord page where people are sharing a lot of information and participating in uncensored discussions We do upload Live streams the audio when we don't have any visuals to soundcloud.com forward slash chicho chy cho And those podcasts should be available on your favorite podcasting platform including spotify and itunes And this video will be uploaded to both bit shoot and youtube and if you're on those platforms you can Subscribe follow share like comment turn on notifications You're guaranteed to get notifications on bit shoot but not so much on youtube But if you are on youtube and if you want to support this work You can join youtube membership and there's a button right there and for those of you who's supporting this work through youtube membership Thank you very much for the support gang aside from that. Thank you for being here gang And uh 10 by 10 tomorrow if you can make it. Bye everyone. I hope you have a fantastic fantastic day


To update in BIOS, the first thing you should know is the motherboard name and model, as well as the current BIOS version. To open your system case and have a look at the motherboard, the second way is to press the key sequence Win plus R and enter msinfo32. The third way is to start the command prompt as administrator and enter two commands. Using the name and model of your computer, enter a query like this in the search engine. First link on the list – download file, close every program you can, and start the downloaded file. Clicking OK to start preparations for updating. To check if the update was really successful, you can also press the key sequence Win plus R, enter msinfo32 and check the result in the line BIOS version date.


My name is Emily. I'm from the Chalais Nation. My quaggling name is Gwixi Slas, and my other name is Emily. That's what I go by at the school. None of the kids call me Mrs. or Miss. I teach an Aboriginal education for the school district. That's my main job right now. I teach from grade four through grade twelve. Well, they're in between. Middle school, I don't do middle school. Well, first, in elementary school, I think we really want kids to become aware of another language group that belongs to this community. I teach both First Nations and non-First Nations kids. They always are excited. They learn the sounds because their sounds are really important. The sounds of quaggling are really important. High school kids, my goal is there, is to get them to be speaking more and be able to write full sentences using the language more fluently. Each one of my classes are different because in one of my classes, the kids are learning how to put the vowels and consonants together. It seems like it might be boring, but they seem to really like it. In another class, we made cardboard bentwood boxes so they could learn about how we started our stuff. The other class, I work with the teachers to make sure that what follows their program that they're doing.  So there's different ones. And the high school kids, well, everything I can do to get them interested. I get first block and they're pretty tired in the morning. Well, I really observe a lot because I'm like a, I say I'm a vagabond teacher. I go from one class to the other, but I do observe the kids, watch them to see what they're learning, if they're interested, if they're losing interest, I really do a lot of observing. In the high school kids, they do quizzes. But again, I observe them, I get them to practice sentences, putting in, you know, putting in nouns and verbs into the right places. Quaggling is a really, well, it's like any other language, it's complicated, it has lots, lots to learn. But mostly it's observation. And then the little kids I've taught, before I used to teach the kindergarten kids to, and they come up to me and tell me all the things that they remember when they're in grade three or grade four.  I had one of the kids I remember, I did middle school once, he was like, when he first started coming into class, he had his head down, he would not take off his coat, he would not even make any eye contact. By the end of my term with him, he had taken off his jacket and he was participating.  Like he could see pictures and he'd remember all the words, but no one had ever noticed that in him because they didn't find him, they didn't get him to, they didn't reach him. And he really enjoyed hanging out in Quaggling class. So he's like one of the, one of the kids I remember because he was so, it was a really big change from the beginning to the end. I don't know what happened to him later on, but he was, it was really amazing to see the change in that boy. And some of my other kids are like that too, and they go, hmm, there's more to Quaggling than I just, yeah. Guess what I'm hoping is that some of the kids are going to follow along with, and keep going with Quaggling and then go to school and become teachers and come back home and teach it. Because, you know, eventually I'll have to stop working. Maybe, I don't know. The biggest challenge has been curriculum. We've, people have been doing this for 20 years, but no one has really like saved stuff or, you know, or shared stuff. Some people didn't want to share stuff. But, you know, we've, I belong to the Buckman-Geller group when I first started, and we created alphabets and everything that we think of. And I use that now in my teaching at the school district. A lot of the stuff that created in the Buckman-Geller language group. So, yeah, the biggest challenge is creating curriculum so that it, you know, when you start a kindergarten, you're working and you're built all the way to grade 12. My, my own thought is by grade 12 they should be able to write a decent paragraph or two in the language if they have been going all the way. So, that's, that's still my goal. I still think that they can do it. I guess like the kindergarten, the one that's going to be starting has had a, there's been a lot of people wanting to put their kids in it. And they, they were going to limit it to 18, I think. So, there is more than 18 people that have put their name in. That might be a big, that might be a big challenge. I don't know about the high school because it's my first year at the high school. And in the elementary schools, I was going from classroom to classroom. So, they're always going to be there. The children are always going to be there. But what I find about the children, doesn't matter where the First Nations or Non-First Nations, they just enjoy learning. And if you make it fun, it's, it doesn't have to be anything fancy. They just, they, they want to learn. And I guess if I'm doing it correctly, I guess because they want to learn. So, yeah, there's lots of stories that they, that we, that I tell. And I tell them differently to different groups. We do have some stories about our, you know, the culture and how things began. Yeah, it just, I teach differently than a lot of people. One of my friends called me, I was organic. She says I'm an organic kind of teacher. It depends on how the children are behaving. But I like telling them some of our legends.  But I think some of the stories will, they get some, gets their minds working. Or even I tell them stories about how I grew up. And that gives them a different perspective on how their lives could be or why their lives are the way they are. Maybe, you know, I, I incorporate a lot of other things. Anything I can think of that will help them to be the best it can be. And just, you know, it's okay. You don't have to be a dancer to be quack with chalk. You can be, you can be anything you want to be, right? So, just about a year ago, just about one year ago, this amazing lady named Dee Cullen phones me up and says, do you want to go to Korea? And I went, huh? Not really. She convinced me that I should go to Korea and we went to Korea and we started this little project. It is an app, you know. It's an app for to teach kids. Basically a kindergarten, an elderly people can do it too if they don't have any bases. So the beginning part of it is doing the alphabet. This is a little program that kids can play. And then you choose which one is and it shows the kids that they picked the right one. So again, you choose, the kids can choose the right one. So I'm just going to press the wrong one just to show what happens. So this kind of lately tells you you picked the wrong one. Pick the right one and there you go. But the Koreans were learning English. So this is, they did it into an English from Korean to English and they had to change Korean English to Kwakwa. It was pretty interesting. I'm just going to show the part of the review. And so when you're learning our language there's lots of different parts in your mouth that you have to say it properly and that's why this is the cool part. It actually talks about... Ah, Ah-ya-su. Ah, Ah-ya-su. So that's our first part. So then you would say Ah-ya-su. So that is our little program. So right now it has just the alphabet and we're waiting for the story to get downloaded which is coming very soon. That's awesome. So we're really proud of this little program. All of our little children in our preschools have one of these to learn with. I mean we know technology isn't a good thing for children but I think when you use it to teach I think it's a little different. But yeah, so we're really happy. And then the story is done by a young lady that she just graduated high school last year and she did the voice for... and she had been in Quarqvilla program. She did the voice for Sally and then we had another young fellow that we worked with that's one Dana's relatives. Brody did the dragon's voice and then Dana did some voices. I did a few voices. We had quite a few people that participated in it. So I think it will be helpful because if we don't have anybody to teach it will be useful for the kids. It's not going to just be a toy, you know, that they play. It's going to be something they'll actually learn from. So that's one of our projects. Many. Well, you know, I never really thought about it. I think it's a whole thing. It's everything. When I teach, I don't just teach Quarqvilla. I teach about history. And if there's non-First Nations kids in my class I also teach them about their own indigenous history because a lot of people that came from Europe had their own indigenous places. Just because a lot of times kids start to feel what about me are not important, right? So everybody gets to think about where they originated from. I think that's part of indigenous. It's inclusive. It's not, you just don't focus on the one group. You've got to bring everybody. Non-First Nations and First Nations kids working together. Everyone's got to have... Everybody's got to feel good about themselves. So I think that's what First Nations education is about me or Aboriginal education is. It's inclusive. It doesn't leave anyone behind. Language is really... Every language is important. Language... It's a picture.  At least that's what I try to teach the kids. Is that every word that we speak there's a picture that goes with it. And when you start losing that picture the world gets smaller and it's not as brilliant as it could be. And when I quack all others some amazing words and I went the more I study it I went why would we ever give up such an amazing language because it has brilliance to it. Other languages from around the world have the same problem is that that brilliance for their language is being lost because it's being overcome by English. But English also has some brilliance to it. If we could be more multilingual people we would be just so much more amazing I think. But that's just how I feel about language. Well I certainly hope we have an immersion completely immersion school like at least a grade five. I think we can do it. You know, just, yeah I can survive that long. Yeah, both Dana and I both we've thought about it for a long time and this immersion kindergarten is just the beginning. So I think that it's possible I think it's possible to become at least a grade five just like French.