Good morning traders and welcome to the book map basics webinar. This is Bruce at book map This is the webinar. It's free and open all we do it Monday Tuesday Friday 9 30 a.m And it's for half an hour. It's an intro to book map and Go through some of the free resources for you So we'll answer your questions here basic questions about book map And then we're gonna look at the live market and go through the basics on the book map chart So that you understand what you're looking at and we'll then we'll begin reading it And then giving some insight to where we think price is going to move next It's forward-looking education. That's the type of education we offer. I'll talk more about the education when you But you get when you subscribe To book map, but give me a few minutes as we go through some of the resources here All right, so let's jump in here and go through some disclosures A general disclosure all book map limited materials information and presentations are for educational purposes only and should not be considered specific investment advice nor recommendations Risk disclosure trading futures equities and digital currencies Involve substantial risk of loss and it's not suitable for all investors past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results All right, so let's jump in here and look at book map.com And For those of you who are new in here, we'll just go through some of these things rather briefly here We'll start with what is book map. Okay, we're a standalone trading platform So you might be using like thinkorswim or trade station Book map is no different The distinction between us and them is the way we visualize the market data The it's all the all the data. It's the entire order book not just for the current market But for the historical market as well. Okay, if you use the dome or your level two for example You only have it for the current market. Okay, book map records all of that and plus it on the chart So it's available for the historical market Therefore scalpers as well as swing traders can now use this information to their advantage Okay, so we can take a quick look here at this is the NASDAQ here. We can look at the S&P And start to understand where there's areas of high liquidity. Okay, now we had some some volatility here this morning Due to non-farm. Okay, we'll cover this here. It's just rather fascinating to really understand Liquidity and you can see them pulling in here. Hey, but that high liquidity has been in here since Yesterday it's been in here. I don't know how long exactly but it's been in here a long time. They're still up here Okay, they're still waiting. All right, so we just went down below the swing here We'll see if buyers come in now. Okay, and trap all of these sellers going short here. All right It's a lot of selling. Okay, but there's a lot of volatility here and these guys never got filled All right, so I'm looking to see if we can get buyers back up above this figure here 4,200 Okay, get more buyers here. This will all be trapped selling and then looking for these guys to get filled up here at 4,220. Anyway, this is just one scenario and we're talking about high timeframe liquidity Okay, and looking at several hours of data here And we're looking for this possible scenario to unfold and if that is the case and we start to see these buyers come in Yeah, we would be you know looking to get long or at least Yeah, we'll go through we go through in the in the advanced webinars You know where you might consider getting and involved here, but I'll talk more about the education in a minute But that's the scenario Possible scenario here of looking for it to go up in the higher areas here looking for buyers to come in right now Okay, if that does not unfold and we see sellers back down below the figure of 4,200 right here Then we're looking for these other areas 92, 90, 85, etc. Okay, so as you can see this is already going in the direction We were our primary scenario here and looking for follow through Looking looking for more more buyers to join in here. This is a beautiful short squeeze and anyone that Likely got stopped out and we'll talk about MBO data here in a minute as well another Confluence okay to add into this picture here. We can see a tremendous amount of stops already to the upside here I'm getting way ahead of myself. We're already analyzing the current market Just this is what we do in our forward-looking education. All right the Plane out very nicely here Anyway, let's go back to the presentation. We'll come back here and we'll see if we got up to this 4220 already It's a nice short squeeze just I just wanted to show you the order book and Understanding the conditions in the auction and this is the edge. You're gonna get using book map. Let's continue on We'll go over connectivity here So book map as we just defined it is a standalone trading platform Okay, however, we're not a data provider nor are we a broker? Okay, you will need to provide those services in order to connect book map to the live market all right the For futures markets this these are all the data providers we connect to okay we give the nod to rhythmic and DX feed they offer full depth of market and We like Rhythmic data because it offers market by order data. I'll talk more about that in a minute. Okay now stocks Let's go over that. We connect to stocks But what you're gonna need is first a subscription to book map global or global plus Then you'll need a subscription to DX feed data, and that's how it works Once you have DX feed data, you can see trade station and interact interactive brokers are listed here But you're not connecting to them for data at all Okay, quite the opposite you are sending them data. Okay, so we can connect to them, but not for data Okay, you can connect to them to route your trading activity From DX feed data in book map to your your funded trade station and interact or brokers account Okay, we also connect to with quote media here to London and Canadian exchanges and with Cedro to the Brazilian stock exchange All right, so that's stocks crypto currencies. All right, if you're a crypto trader, there's 21 different Exchanges that we connect to here and more You know or always adding more along the way All right, so if you have any questions about connecting to These data providers Please go to this connectivity guide right down here. I'll show you another link for it as well This will open up the connectivity guide on our knowledge base Our knowledge base is like our user guide online and this is the connectivity section This will answer your questions. Please read through here Before reaching out to us at support or calling us because you're going to get the same answer All right, and this is going to be much quicker You can see DX feed right here. You can read about it And it's not very long and then connectivity for futures and then Rhythmic here 14 day trial from we also get it from our marketplace here I'll talk more about it in just a minute. All right, that's the Connectivity guide. Let's continue on now. Let's go over the pricing and packages for a book map and note immediately here Data is not included. Okay, this is only for the software. Okay, only for book map the platform Okay, you can subscribe yearly You'll get a 20% discount You can also purchase for lifetime when you click here You'll see the prices listed below if you click on monthly, you'll see the prices Let's go through the monthly options here in the different versions of book map All right, there's digital global and global plus and you can see this digital version is free That's because we don't offer a Free trial of book map. Okay, instead we offer this digital free version you always have access to it it connects to One digital currency like Bitcoin for free. You always have access to that and You can be up and running within minutes. Okay, and that data is free as well All right, and it works over the weekend. Okay, it's always open Crypto markets. There's a delayed feed for stocks and for futures So this free version will give you a very good overview of what book map is all about if you want live data Then you will need to subscribe to either global or global plus for a month and give it a try You can cancel at any time the prices you can see are very reasonable. Give it a try for a month Now the difference here in prices between global and global plus It's about the add-on indicator package you get with global plus Okay, nothing about data here. These prices do not include data. All right. So what you're getting with global plus Is this add-on indicator package and let me list the indicators you get so there's no confusion We have another package for market by order data and stocks I mean stops in icebergs, etc. That is not included in this Price here or this package. So what you're getting with the global plus add-on package is One is the ability to trade right from the book map chart We have a large lot tracker indicator. It identifies larger players in the order book. We have a Inbalance indicator for the book and for volume. We have a new absorption indicator And we also have a strength indicator. That's what you get with global plus All right, you also get education with global and global plus Let's scroll down a little bit more and we'll go over our education section here.  That's online Hey, more over global plus subscribers. They'll get access to the advanced Daily trading webinars. Okay, so I'm going to put the link in here for Friday. It is free. Okay, so there it is Click on that. It's in the chat in In this go-to webinar chat box You can register now. It will start the webinar in about 17 minutes or so Okay, so you can get a taste of what our advanced webinar is like. All right the It's daily. It's at 10 a.m. And we go for about an hour. Okay, it's it's a really great way to confirm in the live market and in review and confirm the the Educational course it's the same content but in that live market. It is not hindsight Education it is all forward-looking. Okay, just like we were looking at the market here down here Looking for buyers to come in. Okay, we've already come back up into these highs up here Still looking for it to go higher. All right, we'll see it might go sideways here for a bit But to me it looks like buyers are still in here and these guys have been waiting to get filled up here for quite a while All right, so still looking for this to go higher Anyways, you can see that's already good for nine S&P points and this is the forward-looking analysis I was just mentioning. All right All right, so the There's also live trading we have Scott Polsini a futures trader. Okay. He's on Thursdays goes for about an hour and hour and a half Jay trader. He's a stocks trader and he he's on Wednesday and This is all part of that book map global plus education All right when you subscribe to global plus now that'll be live trading. They'll be taking live positions here But it is in demo. It's so you can apply and learn From the education. It's not so you can shadow the trader. All right Anyway, you can read about more detail in here Let's continue on We'll scroll back up to the top and go over a few more resources and then we'll look at this live market On the more button here. There's quite a bit of information in here. It's all free There's a book map knowledge base that can answer a lot of questions for you a glossary Pro-trader webinar recordings. There's a blog Under community here, we have a chat room and discord we have a forum Under product you can see that connectivity guide here again under solutions. We have an API Okay, I want to cover that you can create your own add-on indicators and automated trading strategies within book map It is Java and Java script based Okay, moreover, you can sell them on the book map marketplace. Hey over here or you can purchase others Add on indicators that they've created. So let's go to the marketplace now. This is not book map calm This is a structure for other vendors to hawk their Their wares here like their indicators their data their education their Levels here like spot gamma for options levels like education from Scott Pulsini Keltner channels. We don't offer them, but Zoli does you can get them right here for five dollars a month. Okay? Rhythmic data, like I said is here now. We also Our client in the book map marketplace. We created this MBO bundle market by order bundle. Okay we can identify stops and iceberg transactions within CME data or Yeah, CME group Instruments, okay, it's only for futures. Okay, this works with global or global plus that does not matter Okay, it's sold separately. It's not a part of the subscription of global and global plus So what you need is first to subscribe to book map then you subscribe to this indicator bundle for 134 a month It only works with rhythmic data, but you can get it right here. Okay, if your broker doesn't offer it You can get it here. All right, so that's what's required for it And then you can identify stops and icebergs. All right We'll we'll show that in the advanced webinar. Maybe I can show it here briefly for you as well Let's go through a few more things social media. Okay, we have a lot of videos on our YouTube channel So scroll down here features and components playlist education videos pro trader webinar recordings selected webinars And connecting to different data providers here. So a lot of stuff on here a lot of great content. All right So take a look at that our Twitter feed. I need to update this but lots of great stuff in here as well You can follow or see other traders activity as well as some of our own It's great stuff. So take a look and see how other traders are using order flow to their Advantage. All right guys, so we continue to go on up. Let's take a look at this live market Looking for 42 20 still. All right. So this has now been a 15 point gain. All right now There's some interesting stuff actually happening up here We can see iceberg transactions here and stops of course And this is the context here. This is what I was talking about with the MBO bundle. Okay These are native CME iceberg transactions and they continue to transact look at that right up into it. All right More icebergs. What does this mean?  They're even adding more in here. See how it's read up here Okay, so let's zoom in here and I want to go through the details of what you're looking at now I want to close the stops and iceberg indicator here All right. Yep looking still looking for it looking great. All right looking for this 42 20 and it's another five points and Yeah, and see if we can get through it a little bit as well Love to see that and let's see some more stops triggered along the way So maybe 22 to 25 as well We'll see we'll see but this has been the big number here this 42 20. Okay. I want to see these guys get filled here. All right All right, so what am I talking about like when what is this chart showing us here? I keep talking about this level here in this red area here at 42 20. Okay. What is it? Well, it's liquidity. It's all derived from the order book. Okay, this vertical white line right here Is a separator between the historical market what has unfolded and the current market? So let's go through and zoom in here and and go through the current market. All right This is our current best bid and offer. This is our last traded volume this little number here This is our price ladder now this C O B column stands for current order book The numbers that you see here. It's liquidity. Okay. These are limit sell orders above the market here That's all it is They're limit buy orders down below. Okay, so you can see 885 Contracts are up here at 42 20 All right, that's that's all it is. All right. It's just the auction here This is where they're bidding and offering for this instrument Okay, so Now what we do and you can see the CL rapidly these numbers are changing in here a lot. Okay Well, it when you're reading your your dome or your level to this is very difficult to read Hey, it changes so quickly and Once it changes, there's no Record of what was there before so what we do in book map is we take the numerical values and transform it in this live Window here into a heat map Okay, the scale of the heat maps up here red orange is very high liquidity than yellow white blue and then black All right, so You can see here that see how they just pulled some liquidity and went from this yellow color to blue Okay, they they pulled the liquidity. They don't want to be by our sellers up here any longer. Okay, or less Sellers, let's put it that way Okay, so you can start to understand the auction here over time. See how they just added back in now Okay, so we can answer a question about do they really want to trade up here and the answer is no because price goes away And then they pull their liquidity. See how the same thing happened here. Okay, price comes up toward them They they pull it. Okay, they add it in when it goes away So they're not they're pretty fickle. They don't really want to be sellers up here. All right That's a that's what we're gaining here From their activity see how it's all recorded though and plotted on the chart This is the edge you're gonna get because now you can zoom out and you on this smaller time frame You can see this little area here was what we were just talking about. Okay up here at 18 And the adding and pulling here and that's all this is Okay, now moreover look what you can start to gain and understand from here They actually pulled from this little area here at 18 and they added it down below here on the bid so Likely the same players we don't quite know that but it's very curious to see how they pulled here And then it added it down here pulled again or added here and then pulled from here. All right so likely a larger player okay, and Likely trying to get price to come back up into this 42 20 Okay, you can see there's a little bit of volatility at the moment in some kind of shenanigans going before we get up into this 42 20 All right. Anyway So that's all this heat map is it looks like it's really advanced and complex. It's not it's really simple and straightforward It's just it's just liquidity. Okay and understanding where they are and their activity in the order book Now that is only one element here that we've covered so far. All right, just one element The heat map. Okay, let's go over the other two elements on this bookmap chart and I'm gonna actually De-select the heat map here. Hey, we're not gonna get access to that any longer. We have no more insight any longer to it Hey, we don't know The condition historically of where what they're where they're bidding and offering now. We're only looking at two very simple elements Transactions, okay market buy and sell orders. Okay green dots are market buy orders red dots are market sell orders That's it. Okay, and that's all it is And then we're looking at best bid and offer. In fact, I'm gonna take the volume dots off Now we're looking at just one very simple element on the bookmap chart. This is streaming best bid and offer And that's all it is Okay, there's no time frame here Instead what we're looking at is a Streaming price. It's all of the price action Okay, there's no Aggregation of it and this is what I mean by aggregation if I look at this is a one-minute chart Okay, let's just zoom in here. This is a one-minute candlestick chart Okay, every minute. I'm only getting four data points here open high low and close Okay, what happened within that minute or it could be five minutes or it could be a volume period of 500 or 5,000 or it could be a range bar period even a point-and-figure Conditional period it does not matter. This is bar data or Some other type of data at showing an aggregation within that condition or period Okay, and it does not allow for transparency Okay, instead, you're trying to read the candlestick wicks and bodies here to give you insight to where price might go Hey, that's pretty wonky at best so Instead looking at all the price action Okay, understanding that's that For example, let's take a look here Yeah, it was a good example Yeah, well see the speed of this move and the move right back down Okay, you don't see that in the candlestick Right. In fact, where did it go? It went into this little consolidation period here And then it held and then it came back up and then it traded back up into here tested this high Accepted higher it came back down retested this little consolidation period these little areas matter Okay, it's the same stuff on higher timeframes as well and we traded into that. We did not go below it Come back up here. We're gonna find some buyers in here when we turn on the volume dots and we broke out Okay, I'm looking again for a breakout up here Hey, let's see if we get buyers again up at this area And then I would be looking forward to stream right up to test this previous high around 18 and we know That that's where that guy was was pulling and adding liquidity up there Okay, and that's right in front of 42 20. So let's see if these buyers come in Okay, now how are we gonna see that? Well, we're gonna turn on the volume dots and we're gonna turn off the candlesticks Okay. All right, we've got some buyers up here. Now. That's not quite enough Hey, we want to see more than that, right? We see a lot of sellers down here, too Okay, so it looks like it's just gonna be kind of back and forth here at the moment just by understanding the volume within the order flow Okay, or the the volume within the price structure see other sellers more down here Actually, we're looking for this to maybe break and go a little bit lower here. Okay This is just based on understanding the context of these two elements In book map. All right, so price structure. This is what I mean Okay, consolidation All right It's actually a little bit longer or bigger, but I would go with maybe kind of a A consolidation period here and then a kind of a break of it. Okay now see how we just rejected here And we're starting to find some buyers Okay, I was actually looking for sellers here to pull this down Okay, we might we still might get them here. Okay, but instead we found some buyers here on the other side All right, and we did not find too many sellers now. We're starting to find a few Okay, so, uh, let's see. Let's see here if we get enough sellers here. Yeah, we exhaust it out here So they're looking for these sellers to drop it here. Yeah, there they go Okay, now this this is a little a little tricky here Okay, because uh, this might reject this little breakdown here And if we get buyers But this is what we be looking for is buyers back up here around 14 and a quarter if we get them Okay, these sellers got it wrong We'd be looking for not only to the other side of this range probably back to 18 and then finally maybe to 22 42 20 Okay, so anyway kind of a A Yeah, not not too much clarity here at the moment, uh at this little level here. All right Now we're just looking at two elements though Okay, there's a big piece of the puzzle that we're missing Where are they bidding and offering and that's where the heat map comes in Okay, we really want to understand that that gives us a lot of insight to what's going on So look at them pulling on the bid here And adding on the offer Okay, now there's actually starting to add on the on the bid see them adding here Okay, let's bet you these guys are going to pull I bet you we're going to get our Uh buyers up in here and stream right up into 15 Okay, and then 16 Uh, and then maybe we can get this move this bigger move into 18 and 20 Okay, so looking for buyers up here Hey, we've already gotten up to about this 14 and a quarter j1 one tick away Okay And look what's happening now. All right So we got we got some volatility in here. We got a larger player just coming in and straddling this market. Okay So this is going to affect the The auction here. No question about that. Okay, so All right, let's just take a look at this new information. All right. We're getting our buyers here on the bid All right looking for them to pull push higher here. Okay back up into 16 Okay, and then maybe we can get back up into our 18 Okay, looking for it Okay, see how we read this false breakdown here. There's our move into 16 still looking for it Let's see if we can get up into 18. All right Anyway, guys, we got a good going here. I gave you the link to the advanced webinar Um, it's in the chat there. I hope to see you there. It's free and open to all Uh, and then we'll continue this discussion there. Okay. Thanks for coming


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to Hindi newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankarae's Academy for the date 11th of April 2022. Displayed here are the list of articles that we are going to discuss today. Without any delay, let's get into the article discussion. Look at this article here, it states that 19 Sri Lankan citizens reached Dhanushkodi illegally in two vessels on Sunday. See, they were fleeing Sri Lanka because of the worsening economic crisis. See, the article also mentions that already 20 persons from Sri Lanka have arrived in the last 15 to 20 days. And this is the essence of the news article given here. In this context, let us see who are refugees, various instances where India received the influx of refugees and the impact of refugee influx on India. First of all, who are refugees? See, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, that is the UNHCR, refugees are people who have fled war, violence, conflict or persecution and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country. See, the refugees are unable or unwilling to return to their own country due to various reasons like the fear of being persecuted due to their race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion. And this is the UNHCR definition of refugees. So, basically, refugees are displaced people who have crossed the international borders due to various reasons. And now, I hope you have a basic understanding of who a refugee is. And now, let's see how a refugee is different from an asylum seeker and a migrant. See, according to Amnesty International, an asylum seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another country. See, the difference between an asylum seeker and a migrant is that an asylum seeker becomes a refugee once he is legally recognized. So, when people move from one country to another country and that too, due to the fear of persecution, they are initially called as asylum seekers. And once they are legally recognized, they are called refugees. Now, who are migrants? See, there is no internationally accepted definition for migrants. But according to Amnesty International, people staying outside their country of origin and who are not officially classified as refugees or asylum seekers are called as migrants. So, basically, people who are other than refugees or asylum seekers, they are called as migrants. See, we saw that refugees move from their own country to another country due to war, violence, conflict or persecution, right? Likewise, migrants move to another country due to various reasons. We'll see what they are. They move to find work, to study, to escape poverty, to escape natural disaster. See, recently, there is a new category of migrants called the environmental migrants and environmental migrants are people who flee their country of origin due to climate change. And after looking at these definitions, we can understand that the 19 people who arrived in India from Sri Lanka, they are not refugees, but they are migrants who are fleeing from poverty in Sri Lanka. See, the migrants can also be divided into two, legal migrants and the illegal migrants. Legal migrants are people who are not in violation of migration laws of the country to which they migrate to. Let us take the example that is given in the article itself. 19 people have moved from Sri Lanka to India, right? So, these people, if they do not violate the migration laws of India, they are called legal migrants. While illegal migrants are the people who are in violation of migration laws of the country to which they migrate to. Since the illegal migrants lack the legal documents, they are also called as undocumented migrants. And having understood the difference between refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, now let us see various instances when India received asylum seekers. See, here I have deliberately used the word asylum seekers instead of refugees because until they are given the refugee status by India, they cannot be called as refugees. Now, let us see the different instances where India received refugees. The first one is when independent India received refugees during partition. See, legally, they cannot be called as refugees because the people who migrated from Pakistan to India during partition did not lose their citizenship and they continued to be Indian citizens. Colloquially, they were called as refugees because they were forced to live like refugees in refugee camps. Now, moving to the next instance, and this is when India received a huge influx of people in 1959. See, in 1959, there was a Tibetan uprising against China. China quashed the uprising in a brutal manner and to escape the prosecution by Chinese government in 1959, the Dalai Lama along with more than one lakh followers, they fled Tibet and came to India seeking political asylum. See, India also provided them with the refugee status but this move by India proved costly. See, we all know this was one of the reasons for 1962 Indochina war and that's it about the influx of refugees in the year 1959. Now, moving on to the next instance, see the next major influx happened during 1971 which was the Bangladesh war of independence. Millions of people migrated from the country to India fleeing the conflict between the Pakistan army and the Bangladeshi forces. India, citing the uncontrolled influx of people, went into the war and played a significant role in the independence of Bangladesh. Then in 1979, India received people from Afghanistan. We know that in 1979, Russia invaded Afghanistan, right? People came to India fleeing Russian prosecution. Small groups of Afghan refugees kept coming to India in the subsequent years also. See, these refugees are mostly concentrated in and around Delhi. Now, the next influx and it is due to the Sri Lankan civil war. More than 1.34 lakh Sri Lankan tummels crossed the park straight to India between 1983 and 1987 alone. In three more phases, many more refugees entered India. The war-torn Sri Lankans sought refuge in southern India with more than 60,000 refugees currently staying in one out nine camps in Tamil Nadu alone. See, very recently in the year 2017, there was a huge influx of Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar due to the political repression they faced. See, in this case, the office of UNHCR has issued identity cards to about 16,500 Rohingya in India. The issuing of identity cards will help prevent harassment, arbitrary arrest, detention and deportation of refugees. India, on its part, categorized the Rohingya Muslims as illegal migrants and India also appealed to Myanmar to take back its citizens. And finally, let us see about the Chakma and Hajong communities. See, they are ethnic people who lived in Chittagong Hill Tracks, most of which are located in Bangladesh. In this, the Chakmas are predominantly Buddhists and Hajongs are Hindus. They fled erstwhile east Pakistan, that is the Bangladesh, in the year 1964 to 65, and they came to India and settled in Arunachal Pradesh. They have been living as refugees in India for more than five decades. Recently, in the year 2015, the Supreme Court of India had directed the central government to give citizenship to both Chakma and Hajong refugees. So, these are the instances when independent India received a large influx of people. So far, we have seen the definition of refugee by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and we saw about asylum seeker and migrants. We saw two categories of migrants, that is the legal migrants and illegal migrants and we saw different instances where India received influx of refugees. The first one is during partition of India-Pakistan. The next one in the year 1959, when Tibet fought against China and the next one is in the year 1971, that is the Bangladesh War of Independence. And the next one in the year 1979, when Russia invaded Afghanistan and the next influx is between the years 1983 to 1987, this is due to Sri Lankan Civil War and the most recent one is influx of Rohingya Muslims that was in the year 2017. Now, having seen this, let us see the impacts of the influx of refugees on India. First of all, let us take up the economic impacts. See, a large-scale inflow of refugees can overburden local financial and administrative capacities. This might create social tensions in areas where the refugees are located. In addition to this, a huge influx of people will result in supply-side shock in the local labour market. See, this will bring down the wage rate due to the sudden increase in the labour supply. This will result in local unskilled workers or the semi-skilled workers losing their bargaining power at their jobs. See, this is one impact. See, we all know the refugees will spend their money to get access to goods and services, right? This will increase the demand locally. So, while the local labourers lose their job due to the influx of refugees, the local business stands to gain. So, by this, we understand that there is also a benefit in this. And these are the economic impacts. Now, let us see the social impacts. See, in the case of Bangladesh refugees, they are still not completely integrated in Indian society. This has often resulted in conflict. See, the conflict is fiercest in a number of northeastern states such as Assam, Tripura and Manipur. The local communities and the tribal groups have alleged that refugees from Bangladesh and the continuous flow of illegal migrants have led to change in the social demography of that area. So, what does this mean? This means the locals become a minority in their own homeland. This is one of the adverse impacts of the inflow of refugees. See, people's movements also result in some unique demographic changes. Consider the partition of India. After partition and the associated migration, the literacy rate in Delhi and areas around Delhi increased. This is because during partition, Muslims who moved to Pakistan were from the lower ranges of the society. But Muslims with education and social capital stayed back in India. Also, the Hindu migrants who came from the Pakistan were mostly literates. So, after the partition of India due to this phenomenon, the literacy level increased in Delhi and areas around Delhi. And these are some of the social and demographic impacts of refugees in India. And with this, we have come to the end of the discussion. We'll have a quick recap. What all we saw? We saw the UNHCR definition of refugee who are people who have fled war violence conflict or persecution and have crossed an international border to find safety in another country. And we saw the definition of asylum seeker according to Amnesty International. He or she is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violation. We also saw that an asylum seeker becomes a refugee once he is legally recognized. And migrants are the ones who stay outside their country of origin due to various reasons like work, education, poverty, natural disaster, etc. And we saw different instances where India received a huge amount of refugees into its territory. The first instance is during partition that is the India-Pakistan partition. The next one is 1959, Tibet uprising against China. The next one is 1971, Bangladesh war of independence. And the next one is 1979, Russian invasion of Afghanistan. The next one is between the years 1983 to 1987 which is due to Sri Lankan civil war and the recent one is in the year 2017 which is the influx of Rohingya Muslims. After that we saw some of the impacts of the influx of refugees on India. We saw economic and social impacts. The first one is it can over burden the local financial and administrative capacities. It will affect the bargaining power of the unskilled and semi-skilled workers in the local area but the local business will gain because of the increased demand by the refugees. See the social impact is that the demography of a particular area will change. We saw that locals will become a minority in their own homeland. And there are also positive impacts due to the influx of the refugees. We saw an example during partition. We saw that during partition Muslims who have moved to Pakistan were from the lower range of the society and the Muslim with education and social capital stayed back. Likewise Hindu immigrants who came from Pakistan were mostly literates. So this changed the demography in a positive way. And with these points in mind now let's move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this news article. See according to this news article the Kerala State Electricity Board is preparing to hold the referendum of trade unions on April 28. This referendum is conducted to decide the eligibility of trade unions. And this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us quickly go through what is referendum and its purpose and along with that we shall see other devices of direct democracy. See as you know democracies of two types direct and indirect. In direct democracy people exercise their supreme power directly as in the case of Switzerland. And to exercise such supreme power people use four devices of direct democracy namely referendum, initiative, recall and plebiscite. We'll see what they are but before that we'll see about indirect democracy. See in indirect democracy the representatives elected by the people exercise the supreme power. And thus they carry on the government and make the loss. And this type of democracy is also known as the representative democracy and it is of two kinds parliamentary and presidential. See Indian constitution provides for representative parliamentary democracy under which the executive is responsible to the legislature for all its policies and actions. Universal adult franchise, periodic elections, rule of law, independence of judiciary, absence of discrimination on certain grounds are the manifestations of the democratic character of Indian polity. And with this basic understanding now let us see the four devices of the direct democracy. The first one is referendum. See it is a procedure whereby a proposed legislation is referred to the electorate for settlement by direct votes. In simple words it is an occasion when all the people of the country can vote on a particular political question. And this is what a referendum is. Now moving on to the next one, initiative. See it is a method by means of which the people can propose a bill to the legislature for enactment. Any proposed law can be put on the ballot in an election and to do this petitions have to be signed by a certain portion of the voters. If the petitions are approved and the signatures are valid the proposal can be voted on. If it passes it becomes a law. Sometimes initiatives are first submitted to the legislature itself. If they are passed there they become the law without the need for a popular vote. If they fail they may be submitted directly to a vote by the public who may overwrite the action of the legislature. And this is what an initiative is. Now let's see about recall. It is a method by means of which the voters can remove a representative or an officer before the expiry of his term. And that too when he fails to discharge his duties properly. It is based on the principle that office holders or the agents of the popular will that is the people's will and they should be constantly subject to its control. Now let's move on to the final one which is the plebiscite. See it is a method of up chaining the opinion of people on any issue of public importance. See it is generally used to solve the territorial disputes. For example after the partition of India and Pakistan in the year 1947 the Indian government made consistent efforts to persuade the Nawab of Jinnagar to accede to India but he did not agree. The Nawab wanted to join Pakistan. So to resolve this issue on 24th February 1948 a plebiscite was held. And in that 99 percentage of the predominantly Hindu population of Jinnagar voted to join India. And this is how Jinnagar became part of India. And with this we have also come to the end of the article discussion. We will have a quick recap. We saw about two types of democracy which is direct and indirect. In direct democracy people exercise supreme power. In indirect democracy the representatives elected by the people those representatives enjoy the supreme power. They run the government and they make the laws. And after that we saw four devices of direct democracy referendum initiative recall and plebiscite. Referendum is a procedure by which a proposed legislation is referred to the electorate that is the voters for settlement by their direct votes. Initiative is a method by which people propose a bill to the legislature for enactment. It can be put on ballot for election. It can be submitted to the legislature in the first instance. If it is passed in the legislature it becomes law without the popular vote. If it fails there it is put to vote by the public which overwrite the action of the legislature. And the recall it is a method by which voters can remove the representative or an office holder before the expiry of the term when he fails to discharge his duties properly. And finally plebiscite is a method of up chaining the opinion of people on any issue of public importance. We saw the example of how junagath joined India. And with these points in mind now let's move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this editorial article here. See this article talks about India's role in the current disordered world. See due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war western nations have decided to throw Russia out of the G20 and China has opposed this move. And between this India will be the chair of the G20 from December 1 2022. See the world is greatly disordered and in this situation what should India stand for is the biggest question. Let us find the answer from this editorial. But before that the syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference please go through it. See according to the author the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war is not the only instance in which the institutions of global governance have failed to unite the world. There remain many other instances. For example, summit after summit being held on the global climate crisis. But no proper solution has been found in resolving the global climate crisis. Secondly, there was a vaccination divide between the rich and poor countries. We know that the countries which could afford the vaccination, they hoarded the vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic while the poor countries they starved without the vaccinations. This is the second instance. Thirdly, in a funny note the author says that the World Trade Organization was already in ICU before the novel coronavirus pandemic and this is due to the sad reality that despite being an institution of global governance it could not arrive at an equitable rule between rich and poor countries when the global supply chains were frozen by COVID-19. Upon all these the war in the Ukraine in February 2022 has put the final nail in the coffin of the boundaryless global economy. Now in this next segment the author quotes some of the other instances to show how the global governance is not democratic. We'll see them in detail. See the war is not something new the world is facing. If you can recall millions of civilians died in the Second World War and the war came to an end with two nuclear bombs to terrorize the Japanese government into submission which erased two Japanese cities and killed thousands of civilians. See the victors of the war declared that never again. This means a war like this and in this intensity will never happen and to reaffirm this new institutions for global governance were established like the United Nations to maintain international peace and security the general agreement on tariffs and trade to take off non-interrupted global trade and the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to provide finance to build the economies of all countries to eliminate poverty. However the victors retained their veto power within the United Nations Security Council and this is to determine when force can be used to keep the world in order and to prevent the proliferation of nuclear power outside their small circle. See this is because they could not trust other countries to use it wisely. They also control the World Bank, the IMF and the WTO. See apart from this as you know the UN General Assembly meets every year and it has 193 member nations. It passes many resolutions to address global problems such as hunger, poverty, women's rights, terrorism, climate change etc. However the members of the Security Council retain their right to deny the democratic will of the assembly when it does not suit them. In such cases global governance is not democratic. For example if the leader of any member country overrules the resolution of its own parliament he would be branded as an undemocratic dictator. Armed interventions and sanctions will be imposed on such countries with the authorization of the Security Council. See these actions will be taken in the name of restoring democracy in those countries but according to the author these situations make a mockery of the global democracy. And thirdly an organization called G7 was formed in the year 1976 by the non-communist powers that is the United States, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, West Germany and Canada. It was formed so that the non-communist power could come together to discuss the economic concerns like inflation and recession at that time. Russia joined the organization in 1998 and its inclusion was meant as a signal of cooperation between East and West after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. However Russia was thrown out in the year 2014 when it invaded the Crimea. China was never a member of this G7. Later after the victory of Washington Consensus in 1991 the rapid development of global finance and trade they created instabilities in developing countries. See Washington Consensus is nothing but a set of 10 economic policy prescriptions considered to constitute the standard reform package promoted for the crisis racked developing countries by Washington DC based institutions such as the IMF, World Bank, United States Department of the Treasury. So this is what is Washington Consensus. See the prescriptions encompassed free market promoting policies in areas such as macroeconomic stabilization, economic opening with respect to both trade and investment, the expansion of market forces within the domestic economy. This actually created instabilities in the developing countries. This was followed by Asian financial crisis in 1999 which led to the formation of G20. See G20 was formed with the goal of discussing strategies to achieve international financial stability. Now the western nations want to throw Russia out of the G20. China has opposed them. So here the question is will India be the chair of G20 from December 2022 or will it be G19 by then. Meanwhile officials from the United States and the United Kingdom are urging India to support their sanctions against Russia. So far India has refused to be intimidated. See according to the author the rules of the governance of capitalist and the democratic institutions have always been in tension within societies. Capitalist institutions desire to be free of democratic rules in order to do business more easily. According to the author this has invariably increased the inequalities and increased the social tensions and sectarian conflicts which more elections cannot resolve democratically. So this raises the question of way forward which is what should be done. Firstly there is a need for redistribution of power. See power accumulates in societies by the principle of cumulative causation. That is those who already have more power from greater wealth or more education will use their power to not only improve the rules of the game but also ensure they remain in power. So there is a crucial need for redistribution of power within a society. Secondly all violence must stop. See to prevent violence it is essential that global governance becomes genuinely democratic. Countries must not attack each other. Instead they must be given the freedom to evolve their own democracies and economies and not be dictated by the others. The hypocrisy of undemocratic global dictators using their financial powers to impose sanctions to bring down their opponents must stop. And according to the author calling a democratic country like India to take their side must also come to an end. And with this we have come to the end of the article discussion. We will have a quick recap. So what all we saw? We saw how the global institutions of governance have failed to unite the world. The first instance is in spite of the summit being held on global climate crisis no proper solution has been found. Secondly there was a vaccination divide and thirdly the World Trade Organization could not arrive at an equitable rule between the rich and poor countries when the global supply chains were frozen by Covid-19. And after that we moved on to see some of the instances to show how the global governance is not democratic. The first one is the Second World War. The second one is the retention of power by the winners of Second World War in the name of United Nations Security Council and we also saw that they also control the World Bank IMF and WTO. We saw that how the UN General Assembly's resolution were curtailed by the Security Council because they read and they write to deny the democratic will of the assembly when it does not suit them. And finally we saw about the G7 organization and the membership of Russia in it. And after that we saw about the Washington Consensus in the year 1991 Asian financial crisis and the rules of governance of capitalistic and democratic institutions. See we saw that the capitalist institutions desire to be free of the democratic rules. But according to the author of the editorial this has increased the inequalities and increased social tensions and sectarian conflicts. And finally we ended our discussion with the way forward which is the need for redistribution of power and we saw that all violence must stop. And it is unfair to ask a democratic country like India to take sides also. With these points in mind now let's move on to the next article discussion. See this article here. See this article is an editorial article and it talks about the Monetary Policy Committee. See this committee comes under RBI. See RBI having known about the importance of curbing inflation that is stopping inflation it has put inflation before growth in the sequence of priorities. And this is because without curbing inflation sustainable growth cannot be promoted. And the Monetary Policy Committee has raised the inflation forecast and forecast is from 4.5 percentage to 5.7 percentage. And this is the cracks of the news article given here. In this context we are going to learn about the Monetary Policy Committee in detail. See it is useful for your problems also. See Monetary Policy Committee it was constituted by the central government. This was constituted under RBI Act 1934 and this is to determine the policy interest rate required to achieve the inflation target. Note that this committee is assisted by Reserve Bank's Monetary Policy Department and this assistance is to formulate the monetary policy. And aspirants I have a little task for you here. Go and search who sets the inflation target. It will be useful for your problems also. Now coming back to the monetary policy what does monetary policy mean? See it refers to the use of monetary instruments under the control of the central bank. This is to regulate the magnitude such as interest rates, money supply and the availability of credit. All these are done to achieve the ultimate objective of economic policy. I hope you understand. Now let us see the composition of Monetary Policy Committee. See Monetary Policy Committee is a six member panel. It consists of three members from the RBI and three independent members. And these three independent members will be selected by the government. We will see who are these members. Firstly the governor of RBI serves as an ex-officio chairman. What does this mean? See the governor of RBI by default will become the chairperson of the Monetary Policy Committee. Secondly the deputy governor of the RBI he also serves as an ex-officio member and he is in charge of the Monetary Policy. Thirdly when officer from RBI he or she should be nominated by the central board of the RBI and he or she also serves as an ex-officio member of the Monetary Policy Committee. So these three members they are from the RBI. Now the three members who are the independent persons they are to be appointed by the central government right? Let us not go into the details of how they are appointed here because that is not necessary. Just know that three members are from RBI and three persons are appointed by the central government and they also serve as the members of the Monetary Policy Committee. See the Monetary Policy Committee is required to meet at least four times a year. That means they are meeting quarterly and the quorum for the meeting is four members. What is quorum here? The minimum attendance required to proceed with the meeting. See each member has one vote and in the event of an equality of votes the governor who is the chairperson of the committee has a second hour casting vote. And regarding the functions of the Monetary Policy Committee as I already said their main function is to determine the policy rate and to maintain the price stability and to achieve the inflation target. Additionally the important point to be noted here is that the decision of the Monetary Policy Committee will be binding on the bank and that is all about the article discussion. Now let's have a quick recap. See we saw about Monetary Policy Committee constituted by central government under RBI Act 1934. The aim is to determine the policy interest rate required to achieve the inflation target. It formulates the monetary policy and we moved on to see about the monetary policy which is the use of monetary instruments that are under the control of central bank. They will rise or decrease the interest rate with respect to the inflation target. And we moved on to see about the composition of Monetary Policy Committee. Three members from RBI, three independent members. Independent members are appointed by the central government. Governor of RBI serves as the chairperson deputy governor of RBI. He is in charge of monetary policy and one more officer from RBI nominated by the central board. He is also a member of the Monetary Policy Committee so totally six members. And we saw that MPC is required to meet at least four times in a year. The quorum is four members and each member has one vote. With these points in mind now let's move on to the next article discussion. See this news article here it talks about the recommendations of an expert appraisal committee of the central government. See the committee recommended environmental clearance to the national investment and manufacturing zone and this zone is located at about 120 kilometers from the state capital that is Delhi. So in this context let us know what is the meaning of certain terms like environmental clearance, environmental impact assessment and environment management plan. See these are important for your prelims so pay attention to this discussion. First of all let us know what is environmental clearance. See the advent of industrialization brought many changes in our lifestyle and the environment. And throughout these years the awareness towards environment and the concern for its protection has made the Indian constitution to enforce some laws and regulation towards this matter like environmental clearance. See it is nothing but a procedure to get clearance from the government for installation and modification of certain projects. It is mandatory for projects which can cause high environmental pollution and Indian constitution made a list of those projects under EIA notification 2006 which includes mining, thermal power plant, infrastructure etc.  Now let us see about the environmental impact assessment. See it is the process of evaluating the environmental impacts of the proposed project or the development. It also takes into account interrelated socio-economic, cultural, human health impacts. See here the impact is not just about the adverse impact it includes the beneficial ones also. Environment impact assessment in India is statutorily backed by the Environment Protection Act 1986 and this contains various provisions on EIA methodology and process. Why is this EIA important? See EIA links environment with the development for environmentally safe and sustainable development. Also it provides a cost effective method to eliminate or minimize the adverse impact of the development projects. And then EIA enables the decision makers to analyze the effect of the developmental activities on the environment well before the developmental project is implemented. Thus EIA encourages the adaptation of the mitigation strategies in the developmental plan itself and EIA makes sure that the developmental plan is environmentally sound and within the limits of the capacity of assimilation and regeneration of the ecosystem. So to summarize EIA it evaluates the impacts created by the proposed project. At the same time it also has the developmental plan for mitigation strategies. Now let us see about the environment management plan EMP. See EMP means a guidance document for the mitigation measures including prevention and control of each environmental component and also it includes rehabilitation and resettlement plan and thus the preparation of environmental managed plan it helps to reduce the impacts to a minimum and this is the reason for making EMP as a step in the environmental impact assessment project. So this is what happens EIA report will be formed and in that EIA report EMP that is the developmental plan will be a part of the EIA report and this EIA report is submitted to the government that is the environment ministry and the environmental clearance is obtained and with this we have come to the end of the discussion. Now let's have a quick recap we saw about environmental clearance it is nothing but a procedure to get clearance from the government for the installation and modification of certain projects. We saw about environmental impact assessment it is a process of evaluating the environmental impacts of a proposed project what all it takes into account it takes into account the socio-economic cultural human health impacts both the beneficial ones and the adverse ones. See it also contains developmental plan for mitigation strategies and that plan is called the environmental management plan see it is a guidance document for mitigation measures including prevention and control for each environmental component and with these points in mind now let's move on to the next article discussion. See this news article here see it talks about the leopards. In Odisha leopards are being lost to poaching this was very well indicated by the leopard hides seized by the Odisha special task force STF and the forest department together in the past two years. From this it is indicated that five percentage of the state's leopard population has already been poached thus a wildlife activist suggests the state government to come up with an action plan to reverse the trend also he says that the conviction rate should be improved and in this context today we shall see a few facts about the leopards their geographical range in India and in the world and reasons for their decline in the population and finally some suggestions to conserve the leopard population. See the leopard is the most widely distributed highly adaptable member of the family Felidae. See Felidae is usually a part of carnivores Felidae has 41 species ranging from large animals such as lion tiger to small animals such as domestic cat. As we saw before leopards are coming under this Felidae family with this basic understanding now let's see the geographical range of leopard. See historically the range of leopards spanned across sub Saharan area North Africa the Middle East South and Southeast Asia and Russian Far East you can see the spread in this map here however currently their distribution and numbers have significantly reduced across the range. See in this map itself it is given as extent that is live animals possibly extinct that is they are not in wild anymore and extent. So what might have led to this decline see it could be due to the human induced decline such as man-animal conflict poaching habitat loss less availability of prey wildlife trade and so on and with this understanding about the geographical range of leopards all over the world now let us discuss about the leopard population in India. See you should know that there are four sub-population in leopards they are the leopards in western Ghats region leopards in semi-arid region of Deccan Plateau then in Shivalik and leopards in Terai region in this map you can see the distribution of leopard population across the four geographic regions that are Terai, Shivalik, Deccan Plateau and western Ghats in India. See the decline in percentage of numbers of each sub-population is also estimated the Deccan Plateau, Shivalik and Terai sub-populations show 90 percentage, 90 percentage and 88 percentage decline in population size respectively whereas the western Ghats sub-population show relatively less decline in population size which is 75 percentage decline and here why western Ghats alone shows less population decline see western Ghats retains possibly the largest contiguous forested landscape with multiple interconnected protected areas and hence relatively less decline in leopard population whereas the other regions have a lot of human activities possibly affecting the leopard populations also living in them. See there is no major movement of leopards from one geographical region to other say for example from Terai to Shivalik or from Deccan to western Ghats are from western Ghats to Deccan western Ghats to Shivalik like this no major movement is seen in leopard population and because of this lack of movement there is restricted gene flow among the species and hence significant genetic variations are not seen. Now let's move on to see what are all the possible threats to the leopard population firstly the fragmentation of forest as well as the decline in the quality of forest lead to habitat loss and this causes the leopard population to decline and then comes the human-animal conflict and thirdly and most importantly poaching and lastly depletion of natural prey base which also causes decline in leopard population. Thus to address the decline in leopard population detailed landscape level ecological studies on leopard populations are very critical and apart from that an initiative similar to project tiger is required for arresting the decline in leopard population as well as the conservation of species oh yeah the conservation part is very important when it comes to problems you should know what is the IUCN status now let us see what it is see the IUCN status of leopard is vulnerable just know that the leopards are protected under schedule one of the wildlife protection act 1972 and leopards are also listed in appendix one of the sites and with this we have come to the end of the article discussion so we saw that leopard belongs to the family felidae they are carnivores historically they were present in sub-saharan area north Africa middle east south south east asia and russian far east but now the population and distribution have reduced significantly and this is due to a variety of factors such as man-animal conflict poaching habitat loss less availability of prey while life trade and after that we saw leopard population in India we saw there are four sub-population western guts region decan plateau shivalik and terai region and we also saw that leopard population is in decline in these areas and why is that the first reason is a fragmentation of forest human leopard conflict poaching depletion of natural prey and we ended our discussion by seeing the conservation status which is vulnerable according to the IUCN it is protected under schedule one of the wildlife protection act 1972 it is listed in appendix one of the sites and with these points in mind now let us move on to the next part of a discussion that is the practice prelims question discussion see we have five prelims question today as usual I have one quiz question for you now let's start solving the questions the first question consider the following statements about UN refugee convention 1951 statement 1951 was universally applicable when it was first established it is a legally binding document it is a signatory of the 1951 UN refugee convention which of the following statements is or are correct see the first statement here it is incorrect because UN refugee convention 1951 initially had limited geographical scope see initially its scope was limited to persons fleeing events occurring before january 1951 and within euro and it was only after the 1967 protocol the geographical and temporal boundaries of the convention was removed and this made the convention universally applicable so statement one is wrong statement two it is correct because it is legally binding now statement three it is also incorrect see India has not signed the 1951 refugee convention or its 1967 protocol India reminds one of the few liberal democracies which have not signed and supported or ratified the international convention although there is no official explanation for India not signing the convention it is believed that the chief reason is related to security issues we all know that south asian borders are porous and any conflict can cause a huge displacement of people and influx of people during such times can put a lot of strain on the resources of the local economy and also it can cause an imbalance in the delicate demography of the region then what is the right option the right option is option b 2 only now moving on to the second question which of the following are the devices of direct democracy aspirants this is the quiz question for you so read it carefully try to attempt the question and post your answer in the comment section statement one referendum statement two initiative statement three recall statement four plebiscite select the correct answer using the code given below one and two only one two and three only one two three and four only four and leave so it is a very easy question post your answer in the comment section now moving on to the third question consider the following statements with reference to monetary policy committee statement one they are constituted under the banking regulation act 1949 this statement is incorrect why because the monetary policy committee is constituted under the rba act of 1934 second statement they are assisted by the reserve banks monetary policy department this is true this we saw in our discussion itself statement three they determine policy interest rate to achieve the inflation target this is also true yes they determine the policy interest rate they increase or decrease it to achieve the inflation target see read this question carefully the question asked for incorrect statements so we saw statement one is incorrect statement two and three are correct so what is the incorrect statement one so the right option here is option a one only now moving on to the next question consider the following statements with reference to environmental impact assessment statement one public has no right to express their opinion during EIA process this is wrong because public do have the right to express their views or opinion during the EIA process the step is called public hearing so the statement is incorrect all projects all projects need to undergo the complete process of EIA see this is also incorrect only category a category b1 projects need to undergo the complete process of EIA other projects that are belonging to the category b2 don't have to undergo all the steps in the EIA process now statement three EIA encourages the adaptation of mitigation strategies in the developmental plan this is true this we saw in our discussion itself this encourages the developmental plan and this is a guidance document for the mitigation measures and that guidance document is called as environment management plan see this question this question also asked for the incorrect statement so what are all the incorrect statements here statement one and statement two so the right option here is option a one and two only now moving on to the final question which among the following does not have the IUCN status as vulnerable option a panthera tigress option b panthera leo option c panthera pardis option b asinonix jubatis see with some guess you'll find out option a and option b this is tiger and this is lion right now what is panthera pardis it is leopard and what is asinonix jubatis it is cheetah see without knowing these two you can find the answer how it is possible for that you should have known the IUCN status of tiger see here the IUCN status of tiger is endangered if you know this then you know that this is the only one which does not have the IUCN status as vulnerable then the right option here is option a panthera tigress now what are the IUCN status of the other three that is the lion leopard and cheetah these three are vulnerable I have given a couple of main questions for your practice so interested aspirants write it and post it in the comment section and don't forget to attempt the quiz question and that's it we have come to the end if you find the video useful like share and comment and do subscribe to shankarae's academy's youtube channel for further updates thank you


Color Decoded. The Textiles of Richard Landis. A silver-haired man walks down a tree-lined road. Richard Landis is a retired weaver who lives in Prescott, Arizona. His work explores complex systems of related colors. Everyone always asks me, how do you get interested in something? And when I looked at art, or when I look at nature, including in my gardening, in fishing and hunting, these things are never direct. They are inspirational. I get very involved in them. Landis studied art and design at Arizona State University, but left college to join the Army during the Korean War. The way we were moved around, I got to see some of the lower southern part of Japan. There was something about the way design was considered and carried out that I responded to. They would have these kimono lengths on display in the window, and they'd have five or six different ones, and they were stunning. I'm sure I never would have gone into weaving if I hadn't fallen in love with the fabric and OB design. The first warp I ever did was with cotton, because it's strong, but the selection of colors was very limited, but then later I wanted to get a finer gradation of blended colors. So that's how I got into using thread. And I could see that I could not only use the color, but I could blend these colors and come up with new ones that I didn't even have.  And especially when the finer you get, the more that is so, then the gradation was fine enough that the halftones were very convincing. I mean, they really looked like almost like they'd either been done with light or with pigment. Multicolored pattern notations are shown. My main little program started with a six-tone system, and it delivered the variation that I wanted as a possibility for sizes and continual movement from one thing to another. And the neat thing in a piece like this large one is that the last color in each unit is also the first in the next unit. He displays a weaving. Every single shade in there is different. And there's nothing in there that repeats exactly. My inspiration is simply life itself and all my different relations to different aspects. And nature's the big baby. I mean, my whole time, like in the Sierra Anja and in the Wind River range in Wyoming, I was looking at incredibly complex landscapes and being comfortable in big complexities allows you to do complex things. Abstract grid-based weavings are displayed. I think that I definitely have always been a real sensualist. I mean, my senses, I trust them and I have always cultivated them. And that is what gives you the inspiration to do anything. Special thanks to Richard Landis. Produced by Chris J. Gautier, with help from Susan Brown, Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. For the exhibition Color Decoded, the Textiles of Richard Landis.