Everybody forced here our last case of 2022 top transcendent. It's number 15 Y'all know the drill by this point 58 hits through the years wanderer, Vladdy Deco gold 1958 Super Fracture What else is in there auto patch nameplate book or bat barrel nameplate or bat knob? Cut signature book. It's I know it sounds crazy, but if you read it it makes a lot more sense There's oversize cut that could also be a jumbo patch of jumbo letter patch auto or a dual cut auto And we got the sealed base set We've got the sealed pack that has a super factor in it the VIP party invitation, and I think I missed something No, I think that's it actually Yeah, another 50 framed autos as well, so let's do it my soul. We're gonna run it off my soul. It's kind of dark I don't know some of the jokes I make maybe I don't This is an awesome We like party April 26 RCP for the invitation 12 someone called 12 earlier actually case 12 Dude that one was that one is in there. I heard my thumb nice little dent in it for a minute there. All right, uh jumbo cut auto or Letter patch auto or dual cut auto, which I would love to see another dual cut auto sealed pack with one super factor inside and Three other cards. That's a big one Superfactor maybe 50 superfactor auto one of one Sealed base set also number 12 and 99 of course Stays as one item My phone my phone I Got two phones so Since this is like this, this is going to be an auto patch one of one through the years Vladimir Guerrero, Jr Or wander franco one of one and the Yeah, Deco gold auto one of one also We got our 50 framed autos that we're gonna go through here. Those are all individual hits Well Okay, so before we get into this there's more group breaks tomorrow everybody. This is the last group break of the night There is still some room for personals We'll have a full slate if you guys want to order them up. Ooh, I like Rory's order Some more did come in so they're filling up a little bit So we do want something tonight. I wouldn't hesitate too much longer Mackenzie starts attending a meeting with Prism Premier League random team style court Kings PYT's contenders PYT's And a prison football full case random division style That's daytime that we got hockey baseball basketball football tomorrow night with me Sunday fun day with Sam. Here we go Appreciate everybody for joining these transcendent breaks today Getting them filled up. We didn't have to wait to fill any I think Sam may have had to wait like five or ten minutes earlier and For 15 case of transcendent that's Phenomenal I've never seen that been around for a few of these so oh Dude no way This is how we're starting the final case. It's a ruby. It's a ruby one-of-one. Yeah, you see it Aaron judge we start now hot Come for the crown we'll come for the crown Aaron judge one-of-one ruby Variation auto one-of-one Wasted no time there. Yeah, we waste no time Adrian Beltray auto 20 of 20 Adrian Beltray after that is a purple number to 10 Albert Pujols 10 of 10 bookends Albert Pujols All sold out Castro all sold out. It's close are going out Pujols 10 of 10 next up Alec Thomas rookie auto one of 20. What are these kids? What are people selling these cases for guys? Well, let me do a quick math real quick math Yeah, we were selling ours for 26 and a half 26 and a half thousand Alec Thomas Next up is a Barry Larkin auto 20 of 20 Barry Larkin Bobby Whit jr. Rookie Auto 8 of 20 Nice Bobby wit That's a great hit right there That belongs in a mag if you ask me Followed by Bo Jackson one of 20 Bobby and Bo back-to-back. I think they're the only Royals in this Where should we get Georgia breakfast on some stuff? That would be cool. You know, they don't have tungsten arm or Doyle Can't believe I have tungsten arm or Doyle. No, dude. Look. No, I do tungsten. It's my ring is mad So you're not wrong Platinum, I forgot what the last one was but it's platinum Bo Jackson to Barry Brandon Marsh Platinum rookie auto one-of-one That's pretty sick sneaky pickup for the for the Phillies last year Not sure why he's out of the industry. I guess they got some stuff back one, but still Brace Harper right behind him 20 of 20 No, it's random hit style group rake salson So it's 58 people in the group rake Brace Harper auto 20 of 20 Or random hit style so 50 framed autos plus eight other items to get behind Bryce is Bryce son Stot rookie auto one of 15 great hit here. Also. Yeah, I break tomorrow though I'm gonna be I'm honestly gonna be pretty worn out like this sort of stuff Just get your adrenaline going and it kind of like drains you Obviously opening cards is fun and all but Also yelling all night. My voice is gonna be the one thing that I think is kind of off tomorrow morning I wake up That's okay. I'll be back here tomorrow having a great time with y'all. I gotta be like not like actually like In need of rest, you know Buster Posey auto 10 of 10 none of that Taylor. I don't break for none of that Buster Just keep it rolling here Next one is a cow ripkins junior auto 20 of 20 California ripkin nice Joshua. Good luck man. Yeah, we pulled a Volpe speckle auto a second first moment on I Want to say Thursday And a gold Yordle rookie auto actually to green cc sabathia auto 15 of 15 CC Does anybody PCCC One of one CJ Abrams now variation Ruby foil beautiful hit there So young so fast Uber talented that's awesome man. That's some luck on that one in the random everybody After that is a Corey see your auto 15 to 15 on the green. Yeah, exactly. Look at this. This is Florida after all You're not supposed to stop for pedestrians We'll probably have to do like Top to even a top 10 transcendent is gonna be like impossible to do But yeah, we'll have to separate it. We did last time at Bowman Purple now Dave Winfield auto two of ten Dave Winfield a lot of two ten like there's no way we're actually next to me Derek Jeter ten of ten purple auto Jeets I think we ordered the last eight of a club from soccer. I'm interested. What's in that? I never ripped one of those but I did hit a gold Gareth Bale auto, you know, I saw them in one of the breaks Yeah, after that is Don Mattingly one of 15 on the auto Don Mattingly Tateesh, Jr. Auto 15 of 15 Fernando Tateesh, Jr That is Frank Thomas the big hurt one of 15 green auto is my face at home when Sam says Funkadelic man It's my face when I'm at home. Just straight face nothing George Springer auto 12 out of 15 Joe L the MVP man. Thank you, Joe. Thanks Joe as always. We appreciate you. Thank you for joining congrats on the monster hit Hope you have a great evening with your family, dude Thanks to everybody that says thanks. There's no there's no need to super chat But thanks everybody that says thanks Got a lot of people that work here that work hard to get everybody's cards them in a safely in a You know Appropriate amount of time can also hit that like button to thank us. Yeah likes help too likes to help I like likes I don't sleep at night if we don't get over 500 likes a stream. I haven't slept in months Green auto Greg max 3 of 15 Greg max green Greg Greg green Uh, there are no other sports group breaks tonight, but there's some personals after this Next up is a Hideki Matsui auto 10 of 15 Hideki Matsui Yeah, it's our last case that we that we had so Rookie auto hunter green 20 of 20 with green Greg. Now we got gold green Appreciate illegal Glad you went with that second option. Honestly, I like it better. What would I do if somebody gave me a thousand dollars right now? Hunter green rookie auto 20 of 20 Jerinder ran 10 of 10 rookie auto for the red Sox Yeah, godzilla dude as a red Sox fan. I remember him hitting all the clutch hits I thought he was like when I was like in middle school. I was like this guy is just as good It's like a rod or jeter out He was a beast though There was that one post season where he was like their best player like by far like he carried them, right Joey vato auto 9 of 20 think it might have been the year that they beat the films No, that was a right. It was really good that year than the post season. So 9 of 20 of auto auto Followed by Jonathan india auto 20 of 20. Oh boy talking about those happy movies. Taylor. Oh boy Jose braille auto one of 20 brand new astro Although his his old team beat him yesterday That was a good game though. That was a great game Julio Rodriguez 10 of 10 nice Purple rookie auto That's a beauty and he's a beast 17 of 20 lubeb auto. That's pretty that's pretty clean Pretty good call right there lubeb 17 of 20 on the auto Maybe i'm just losing it this late at night mo mo mo mo mo 10 of 10 sand man auto One mo mo maybe another one. I don't know there could be another mo here That horizontal variation of horizontal Beautiful mo we're going to magnet. I don't know what I'm doing That does not belong in a supernova belongs in a mag Next is in Miguel Cabrera 1 of 15 Oh man 1 of 15 Miguel Cabrera Is it bookends or whatever? I guess it has been It's even up to the teams 10 of 10 mike piazza. This is getting strange, right? Yeah, all the bookends That's all you said that I'm looking at the I'm gonna look at the the sheet real quick It's a lot of 10s 20s 10s one there have been like Less than five that have not been bookend. I'm really typing it in 15 of 15 mike schmitt. Okay, then uh 15 of 15 mike schmitt Think we're about to go fishing right mike followed by mike 1 of 15 mike trout Bookend car auto. I will probably see a few more bookends personal's on drip again monday So starting this next week actually And at least for the foreseeable future, it's going to be monday wednesday thursday Sorry monday wednesday friday saturday, so we'll have four nights over on drip monday wednesday friday saturday 20 of 20 rookie auto nicladolo with drip extraordinaire kyle His drip is extreme right now with that boom shirt on Cortez was wearing it today too. Really? Oh, yeah, she was that's kind of crazy Nolan ryan auto eight at 15 King tutt cut there's no king tutt cut autos King tutt cut. I don't think they have biden in here. I like the king tutt cut usually put like I think it's only I guess I could Because we pulled like we pulled like obama cuts. We pulled like I think we pulled I think like a beanie. I think an hw bush was in the last moment transcended. I can't remember moses I'm moses. I don't know what I would do if I had a moses I don't know if I'd be able to comprehend it O'Neil cruise five of 20 rookie auto O'Neil cruise Dude stoop dog martha stewart cut. Oh my god. That'd be so fire Paul gulchman auto 15 of 15 Rambay cut auto r.i.p. Paul gulchman. I think it's going to be a tungsten arm or doil I'm kind of thinking moses now Tungsten arm or doil moses and ramsies dual cut They definitely didn't sign it together. I know that maybe maybe it was kids. Maybe one point they signed kids. They could have signed it Peter Lonzo auto one of 15 King tutt mummy relics bro. I'm out of here if there's a mummy relic in here. I'm done.  It's kind of strange And we've had are we've had are like one of ones and stuff. There's no like complaining. Just interesting Ice tea ice cube vanilla ice. There's no chance. They would sign with vanilla eyes, dude Actual actual rappers signing with vanilla ice. Yeah, but we're only 99 Roger Clemens auto one of 10 only 99 cases made King tucca Another force we had henry we had jerald Harrison Roger Clemens there So warburg give me the tutt cut. What was the tutt cut? He was bald wasn't he? The little chin beard Give me the tutt cut just shaved you Oh god, I hope not be any that would stink Ronald acunia jr. Auto 4 24 20 acunia I'm in Harrison Ford played a president in like eight movies So that's kind of a presidential cut auto Ryan sandberg auto 8 of 15 Yeah, acunia is a beast Ryan sandberg 8 of 15 He's number 4 20, huh? Yeah, I see I see Shane boss rookie auto 14 of 20 Oz Who's after that? Oh, hey Oh, hey, oh tani 2 of 20 Spencer torkelson rookie auto 7 of 20 See what book said Oh boy, I don't disagree I I don't disagree. I just that's funny trade turner auto 15 out of 15 Oh god, carl. Okay. All right. All right. All right. Let's everybody. Let's everybody Uh, stop and think about we're typing in chat I know I know it's it's almost midnight eastern But uh, let's all just you know on kite Stop typing whatever you're thinking immediately and then hitting send maybe just think about it for another half a second Houdini cut would be pretty sick Vladdie jr. Auto 1 of 20 No, I know but I see where this is going because y'all are just y'all are just being being ridiculous right now I see where this is going. That's why I'm just saying hey Let's uh Let's just you know Rationalize what am I trying to say rationalize review my comments. I stand by them. Oh boy And there's a drive in a deep left center. That's what's about to happen, isn't it? Wander 10 of 10 rookie auto variation Cassianos wander wander. Don't you wander wander wander? Wander franco one short one short Where's the mag where did you not one of those mags? We have to mag one of those mags It's literally the most difficult part of my job That's why that's why breakers that's why break breakers, you know You're stressed man Here we go through the years wander or Vladdie one of one. Oh nice Vladdie jr. 1959 tops Wander wander wander wander single double triple wander Five tool play you're lots of Nice Vladdie through the years one of one deco gold all you want of one Hunter green rookie auto very nice. Those are sick Hunter green What have you see? Thunder question mark thunder and maybe Lots of thunder. That's a good one. I actually like that I just thought he was asking any Oklahoma City hits in this break Ah, not yet not yet. All right last three hits of the the transcendent night here. Um Patch auto one. We'll do patch auto first patch auto one of one blue jays. It's gonna be Vladdie Could be someone else maybe oh George Springer We're gonna about George Game use patch auto one of one Good luck on this as well as the other one of ones, of course 1958 tops design super fractor auto one of one Anthony Rizzo Anthony Rizzo There's some Riz. Yeah, there's Riz right there one of one That's a sick one.  That'll do well. Have it your ray Rizzo definitely definitely top five Muppet for me Anthony or Rizzo Could you see what it was? Oh, it's a letter letter patch auto oversized letter patch auto one of one Cal ripkin jr. That's sick. That's sick.  All right y'all, it's random time. Thanks everybody for filling these up You should have clicked out of that last one. Look at all these look at all these rid This this chat this chat all right y'all Yeah, no, I know I said it too. I said it too. There's literally it's a big letter p. I mean what do we only say Good luck 58 names 58 hits randomize the both same amount of time see what we got see what you got three and one four times about to be Name is four times. I'm just gonna turn chat off one two three four michael s Down to jimmy c And it hits now best of luck everybody one two three and four frank thomas auto Down to the vip event invitation Dude, you all need to mix in some waters It's friday night Just mix in some waters man Michael s of the frank thomas auto and hunter green john a The anthony you john killed it with some spots tonight rizzo superfractor michael s torkelson and cal ripken framed auto Phil k the goldie to 15 michael s erin judge ruby auto one of one. That's a huge one jimmy c bow jackson charles h alcunia auto 420 John a the platinum marsh as well.


The pen is mightier than the sword, can sound like a definition of trite, but every now and then you read a story that reminds you how powerful and moving words can really be. In 2005, LA Times columnist Steve Lopez met a homeless musician on the streets of Los Angeles. Lopez was so fascinated by this man, Nathaniel Ayers, that he wrote a column on him. Readers were so moved that they wanted to not only read more about Ayers and his plight, they actually wanted to help him. This led Lopez to write even more about Ayers, and along the way, the two became friends. Lopez did a lot to help, not just his new friend, but he helped shine a light on the horrible conditions of the place Nathaniel and many other homeless people were living in. Because of the columns, the mayor of Los Angeles stepped in to help improve the conditions of Los Angeles' infamous skid row. Lopez helped set Ayers on a path to recovery, got him off the streets, and even gave him access to the instruments he loved so much. Lopez was in turn inspired by Ayers' spirit, learned about the redemptive power of music, and even had his passion for journalism reignited. The columns were collected into a book called The Soloist, A Lost Dream, an unlikely friendship, and the redemptive power of music. In this entry, I'll be looking at the film adaptation The Soloist, released in 2009. The movie stars Jamie Foxx and Robert Downey Jr., and is directed by Joe Wright. What the movie got right? One day, Steve Lopez, played by Robert Downey Jr., stumbles upon a homeless man playing the violin beautifully at the side of a very busy and loud Los Angeles street. Lopez decides to investigate and finds Nathaniel Ayers, a homeless schizophrenic, played by Jamie Foxx. The reason Nathaniel plays at that spot is to be close to a Beethoven statue. Lopez approaches the man, and during the conversation that follows, he learns that Nathaniel once attended Juilliard. Recognizing a good story when he sees one, Steve begins trying to dig up as much information on Nathaniel as he can. His first move is to contact Juilliard to see if there are any records of Nathaniel. Unfortunately, Steve learns that no one by Nathaniel's name ever attended the prestigious music school, thinking he has lost his hook. Steve almost gives up on the story, but he soon hears back from the school. It turns out there was a clerical error, and Nathaniel did in fact attend Juilliard, but dropped out after two years. Steve quickly goes on a search for Nathaniel. When he finds him, Steve informs him of his plan to write a column on him. Nathaniel doesn't seem interested in what Steve is saying. Eventually, Steve realizes he's getting nowhere, so he decides to contact Nathaniel's sister. She gives the journalist some information on Nathaniel and his condition. Nathaniel used to be a musical prodigy, but while at Juilliard, he began displaying symptoms of schizophrenia. Unable to handle the emerging disease and the pressure of attending the prestigious school, Nathaniel dropped out. At first, he was living with his mom, but eventually, wound up on the streets. After Steve's first column is released, a reader is so touched that he sends a violon cello to Steve's office, which he brings to Nathaniel. Unfortunately, Steve wonders if the instrument will make Nathaniel a target for a mugging, or worse. Fearing for Nathaniel's safety, he talks him into leaving the instrument at a shelter. Steve tells Nathaniel he can play the instrument anytime. He just has to go to the shelter to do so. As he gets to know him more, Steve becomes genuinely concerned for Nathaniel and tries to get a doctor to help him. He also tries to talk Nathaniel into moving into an apartment. Later, he tries to rehabilitate Nathaniel through music. His plan is to provide Nathaniel with music lessons at the apartment. When things start to look like they're getting better, Steve suggests that Nathaniel's sister be made his executor. All Nathaniel has to do is sign some papers, which Steve brings over to the apartment. Unfortunately, as Nathaniel is reading the papers, he notices that it states that he has a schizophrenic mind. This angers him greatly and he blows up on Steve.   As a result, Steve is determined to make amends with Nathaniel, who also wants to patch things up. When Nathaniel's sister comes to LA, the three of them spend time together. Later on, Lopez wonders if he has actually made a difference in Nathaniel's life. Nathaniel still hears voices, but at least he no longer lives in the streets. In the end, it's revealed that Ayers is still a member of the shelter and that Lopez is learning how to play guitar. What the movie got wrong? It's understandable that a movie like this one would make a few changes to the source material, but the movie wastes no time in taking liberties. The way Lopez described his initial meeting with Nathaniel must have not seemed exciting enough for the filmmakers. He was on foot heading back to the office and just happened to see Nathaniel. However, the movie felt the need to concoct an accident that leaves Steve in the emergency room. It's from his hospital room that he first hears Nathaniel play. It's kind of odd that they chose to fabricate this accident, considering how quickly it's forgotten. The only thing that comes out of it is a feeble attempt to show how crowded emergency rooms get and how overworked its staff members are. But any sort of commentary on the state of hospital systems quickly falls by the wayside and so do Steve's injuries. When he arrives home from the hospital, he mentions that he might feel disoriented for up to four weeks. But in the next scene, he's back at work and fine. No time jump was mentioned or hinted at, and the bruise on his eye looks the same. Another noticeable change the movie makes is that it compresses the time the story takes. Although it's obvious it can't play out in real time, they could have shown captains to indicate how much time had passed. Instead, the movie portrays the event as having occurred a lot more quickly. The movie would have you believe that after their initial meeting, Steve had no trouble finding Nathaniel again. In reality, it took him three weeks to find Nathaniel a second time. And after their second meeting, two weeks went by before they saw each other again. At one point, a reader sends a cello for Nathaniel, but Steve tells him he can only play it at the shelter to be safe. In the movie we see that Nathaniel does not go to the shelter that night, and we get a sense that at least some time had gone by because Steve was already in search of a new story. In reality, a whole month had passed before Nathaniel went to the shelter. Again, a simple caption could have shown the time jump. It might seem like an unimportant detail, but it really is important. When I first saw the movie, I had no idea such a long time had gone by, so I didn't think that much of it. But when I read the book and I found out that a month had passed, it made it clear to me just how hesitant Nathaniel was to go to the shelter. It also shows just why it was such a big deal when he did go. In the movie, Nathaniel plays at a recital to disastrous results. In reality, he played at a club, and although it started out roughly, Nathaniel eventually came through. Like I said before, it's understandable that some things would be changed, but in this case, some of the alterations are just baffling and actually hurt the movie. One of the more ridiculous things that the movie does is to change Steve's marital status. In real life, he was happily married, but I guess the filmmakers were worried that Nathaniel's plight didn't provide enough conflict, so they decided to make Steve divorced. He's not only divorced, but he works with his ex-wife. Another thing that winds up being detrimental to the movie is that it insists at trying to shoehorn social commentary. I don't think there's anything wrong with the movie commenting on social issues, but the soloist does it so clumsily. The movie makes vague mentions of serious issues and quickly tosses them aside. Instead of making clumsy grabs at seriousness, it could have included a scene depicting Nathaniel spending Easter with Steve's family. As Nathaniel began making progress, Steve invited him over to celebrate the holiday with his family. It was a really touching moment, and we get to see that underneath everything, Nathaniel is still a charming and warm man. And if that weren't enough, the movie tries to force humor with a completely unnecessary subplot involving raccoon urine that goes nowhere. In the end, the changes do nothing to help the movie and rob the story of the emotional weight it should have had. It's too bad because Fox and especially Downey give great performances that are wasted on a movie that doesn't seem to have enough confidence in the story it's telling. Perhaps the soloist would have benefited from sticking closer to the source material without trying to force melodrama at every turn. Adding some narrative focus would have also helped, but as it stands, the soloist winds up being a missed opportunity.


Gold, Gold contract reached 2007 out here today, what I expect you're going to see with Gold is that you've got an ABC structure up to $2,500 is the number here, Silver, Silver's up 21, 2 cents right now at $2,581, that wants to go to $30, Night Slee Crude that already had hit $122 this morning, you're at about $4 right now at $1,1964, notes and bonds, you get the 10-year right now down 13 ticks, the 30 up 14 ticks, now what you have there, that's when the bond market starts spreading out, you start spreading out, that's saying because most of the time of course you don't have the 10 down and the 30 up, bottom line, the curve is opening up, that's saying guess what, a recession will be coming and King Dollar, King Dollar's up $647, ticks trading $99, 295, the year is at $108, the yen is at $115, the British pound is trading at $131 to $1 at U.S. Dollar. We get over and take a look at the S&P, bottom line my take on this folks is that you can have a couple more weeks of this man, this is a market that hasn't caught a bid, doesn't look to me like it's going to catch a bid, bottom line at $421 right now and we take a look at this baby on a longer basis man, my take is that this next leg somewhere foot, it's pretty scary, it's actually $358, $338 you know and trust me I understand that you don't go straight down but it looks to me, the thing that's wild about this, this market looks to me exactly like the market that was in the Asian contagion in 1998 and what that is is that it was just a relentless razor on a continual basis and it lasted about six weeks and I suspect the same thing is going to happen here man, I mean that's how this is shaken out, you get the cues, the cues a week beyond belief okay, you're at the first area of support, if the cues can't you know basically hold a $319 you know bottom line they're going to be gamed at $237, $262 might be a stop in place but you have a lot of selling you have no buyers, stay right there folks come right back.


Megan Humphrey, thank you so much for joining us today. You are our fearless leader of hands, which is a huge community support for seniors. And you have worked with others to come up with a response through what I would call the special period of COVID-19. Tell us about the response, the needs that you're seeing and what you're doing. Yeah, I think we're all in a very unstable world right now and it all feels a little bit shaky. So I think everyone has gone through different phases of responding with fear and concern. And then there's also, lots of us go to this level of, okay, now what can we do? So there's some action and some feeling of, I think a little bit of its control, trying to control things a little bit. And then it's also looking and saying, how can we help other people in this community? And I think, I don't know if it's true everywhere else, but I think Vermonters are just remarkable. And I think that we are all banding together and trying to come up with things. So pretty quickly, Hans partnered with the Heineberg Community Senior Center with Beth Hammond there and tried to get some really direct programs to folks. Hans supports vulnerable seniors and our mission is to get them food. So we are trying to get food to seniors who are now isolated at home and they are receiving fewer and fewer services at home because everyone's concerned about sharing the virus. So we decided to implement a program where we are matching volunteers with, and sort of a buddy program with seniors who are isolated at home. And so these buddies are not going to be, in our typical fashion, we love people to go in and sit down and chat and everything and it's not like that at all. It's really getting necessary items and services to seniors in their homes. In some cases, it might just be a phone call check-in because a senior would feel as though at least someone knows that I'm here and they're seeing how I am every day or every week or something like that. And then it also goes to picking up groceries and delivering them if there's something at the pharmacy that needs to be picked up. So we're vetting the volunteers on one side and then matching them, hopefully with people right in their neighborhood. Hopefully these relationships and friendships will continue beyond this scary time as well. So that's what we're doing. So are you working first with the Heinenberg Center? Is that's the primary focus or other parts of Chittenden County? We're starting with Heineberg and that's the Greater Burlington area. They have folks in Colchester and Milton. We can certainly tuck people in if they're in different communities but we're trying to start small enough so that we can manage it. And as you can imagine, this is Vermont. The response from the volunteer side of it has been remarkable, almost overwhelming in a good way. And so we're really asking people at this point to start by thinking about their neighborhoods. You may have a senior that's right next door to you. They might be alone or they have family who live far away and those are the folks we're really trying to make sure we're helping them out. So it's thinking outside the box a little bit of the communities. We're certainly working in senior housing as well but it's thinking about someone and even there people can be isolated in senior housing. They may be in an apartment all by themselves without friends and family near. And from the other side, the seniors are feeling it's really scary to be isolated like that physically and emotionally isolated from other people. So on top of getting them basic needs like paper towels and food, we're also just trying to connect with them so they feel like they're being supported. And what kind of support are you getting from vendors and stores where these supplies would come from? Yeah, it's a great question. And again, this community has been really generous. Restaurants are really stepping forward. Even before they were being asked to close, we were already getting offers. August 1st has stepped up and barrio bakery, there are lots of folks. And now that restaurants are closing, then they have a lot of food. And in some cases, August 1st is going to be making us chicken soup because they have chicken. So in a lot of cases, they have perishables that could be made into a food product that will be just great for us. We're not the only ones doing this. There are lots of other organizations and agencies that the food shelf is still trying to get food out to people. So there are a lot of people all joining together in this. And I know there are these basic questions that everyone's being asked about their health before they go into someone's home, but are folks actually going into people's homes or just dropping off? They're just dropping off. So we're trying to be very, very careful about this. Even if a senior says, oh, please come in and sit down, we are absolutely not, we are not going into anyone's home. So we're asking volunteers to make sure their hands are sanitized, that they are doing as much as they can. And then leaving food outside, either calling the senior ahead or knocking on the door or something like that, but nobody is going inside. They're not shaking hands with seniors. We are really, really trying to maintain very safe distance and keep everybody healthy. That's our goal. Do you see that existing distribution systems like, for example, Meals on Wheels might be expanded during this period? Have you heard about that? Yes, that's a great question. Also, they are expanding. So even the Meals on Wheels that might be delivering weekly to some organization like Heineberg Senior Center, now they'll be there five days a week. So the age well system and Meals on Wheels is definitely expanding at this point. And again, a lot of these seniors were gathering in senior centers to have meals and now they have to be at their homes. So we've got to get food to them where they are. So at the risk of, I don't want you to be overwhelmed by response, how would you direct people who really want to help? Where would you suggest that they call your project or other projects? Yes, the Heineberg Senior Center they, on their website, they have a link and it's support buddies is the name of it. And so they can go to that link. And I guess there has been some frustration because it seems as though it's not going through. People are getting an error message, but if you just refresh the page, I think we're just getting a little overwhelmed, that's all, but it's there. And people can sign either seniors up for it right there on that link or volunteers. And again, we're especially looking for the seniors to help them. And we also just need financial donations because we need to cover the cost of, I've already put in a big grocery order and for some toiletries and supplies. So we're just trying to cover the cost of the supplies that were now, that was not in our budget. It's a whole new world right now. So that would also be helpful. And the hands website is handsbt.org. And so we have information about all of this. Megan, thank you so much for the work and being on the frontline. And please extend our gratitude to the volunteers and we'll help get the word out on our new series which you are our first person. So thank you so much. That's great. Thank you so much. Thank you and thank you on your side because there's a lot of misinformation going out and everything. And this just helps, you're helping to tie the community together and connect other people. So thank you very much. Go for it. All right. Thanks, Megan. Thank you. Bye-bye. Bye.


Welcome back to a new session on dentistry and more. So today we have a small topic that is a continuation of biostatistics that is collection of data and its presentation. So regarding data we have already seen the types of data like types of variables, biostatistics, the measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion and normal curve and various tests of significance. So everywhere this data is coming. So today's video is about the very basic step of any research process that is after the collection of data through various methods like interviews, questionnaires and hospital records or any other methods we do for our data collection. So the second step is we need to present it in a tabular form or in a graphical representation. So that is an easy way to convey the message or the convey the data what we get in a very comprehensive manner. So today's video is about collection of data and presentation of data. It is the first step of any research. So let's see how do we collect data. Question is commonly done using interviews that is face-to-face interviews maybe we may have questionnaires with us or we ask questions, open-ended or closed-ended questions and we can mail the questionnaires postly or via any electronic media or we can give the questionnaires not like interviews. Interviews like we are one-to-one interaction is happening but questionnaires we just give questionnaires and asking the participant to fill it out. It can be open-ended and closed-ended. So open-ended means the participants have an option to write whatever he feels but closed-ended means he has to just tick whatever the option is given. He has no other inclusion from his side and we can collect data from hospital records, any other registries, any health department registries, all the records we can collect. So this is some common example for collection of data but this also may be asked for exam as how do you collect data. So you can just elaborate it how interviews are done, how the questionnaires are done. So commonly we conduct questionnaires in our research purposes. The questionnaires we prepare and distribute it to students or the participants of the particular study. Then we can collect hospital records in case of case control study, in case control study or any other studies usually we conduct interviews. So that is all about collection of data. Now we go to the presentation of data. How do we present data? So we can use tabular columns and graphical methods. Tabular column is the data we present in tables. It can be simple or complex table. In graphical it is graphs, it can be for quantitative data and qualitative data. So data classification I have mentioned in my previous video in types of variables. So quantitative data is nothing but data with value, qualitative is without any particular value. It is like eye color of the categories of eye color like blue, brown, black, gender classification like male, female that is qualitative data. Quantitative means quantitative data is like with quantity, the height of a person, weight of a person, the blood sugar level, the hemoglobin level. So all are coming under quantitative data. So this is qualitative data. So in quantitative data we can use histogram, frequency, polygon, frequency curve, line chart, normal curve we have already seen, cumulative curve of scatterplot. In qualitative data bar chart, pictogram, pie chart and map diagram can be used. So it is like how do we perform a tabulation? It's like how do we prepare a tables? The basic principles we need to number it and title it properly with proper headings and should not be very large. Types are simple and complex tables. So simple table is like this, just an example, infant mortality rate in 2004. So on left side we have various countries on right side infant mortality rate. It's a very simple table. But frequency distribution table it's like we need to make class interval and frequency because if it is a very large group we need to divide the group into class intervals that is convenient groups and the number of items, that is frequency. So class interval should not be very large or should not be very small and number of classes should be between 8 and 15. So all these are basic characteristics of a table. So frequency table it's like class intervals. So divided the age category into different interval that is 0 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24 and this is frequency. Like how many people are belonging to each class interval. So this is a little more bigger class interval and frequency. So that is about tables. Now we have charts. Charts I mentioned you earlier it is for qualitative data. So this is quantitative data. Quantitative data we use histogram and qualitative data. We can use bar charts pictogram pie chart. So it can be a table or graphical. So graphical also we have two classification. So let's see what is chart and diagrams. Why it is important because it gives information at a glance. So it has a very powerful impact on imagination of people because it is very easy to remember an image rather than a table because it is better retained in memory than at a particular table. But the problem with this charts and diagrams is maybe some of the original data is lost when we are preparing charts and diagrams. So tables will give more information but a better representation will be done by these charts and diagrams. So common use diagrams of pie chart, simple, multiple, component, biograph, histogram, frequency curve, auger curve, scatter, line, pictogram. So bar charts are like this. So this is bar charts. So it is categorical data that is various categories are there like one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, that is the different classes and number of students in each class for standard second, three, four, five, six. So we are representing a one each bar represent one attribute. So this bar represents number of students in the class one, class two, class three. Okay. So this is bar chart. So the width of the bar and the graphs between the bars, sorry, the gaps between the bars should be equal throughout and it can be vertical or horizontal. And this is the most important part. The length of the bar is proportional to the magnitude of frequency of variable. So you can see this is a little height that is 70, it is less and this you can see it is length is very high and it represents 300. So the length of the bar is directly proportional to the magnitude or frequency of variable. Okay. So the same bar charts can be multiple if we are representing two variable in a single bar chart because we are representing population and land like this. So various continents like Asia-Europe. So this is a population and this is a land available. Here we are representing only one variable in a single bar but here we are representing two variables in a single bar that is multiple bar chart because there will be a one sub attribute of variable. Component bar chart is like in a single bar we are representing different categories in a vertical fashion that is male and female like Pakistan and USA, Sweden how many female and males are there and it is proportional 100% maximum. So we can see that 48% is of male and remaining 52 will be female. In USA it is like 60 and 40 in Sweden it is males are very less. So that is component bar graph. Here we can represent many categories on X axis and they have further subcategories. So the bars may be divided into parts and each part are presenting a certain item and the proportional to the magnitude of that particular item. So this is component bar graph but multiple bar charts like different attributes of a same variable. So histogram is like a continuous bar graph without any gaps because in bars chart we can see there is a gap between the each variable or each attribute but in histogram there is no gap between this because it represents quantitative variable because it represents values. Here it represents different categories Asia Europe are different categories the variable is categorical variable but here we are representing the sugar cholesterol level. So that is a quantitative variable. So when we have quantitative variable we can use histogram. So quantitative continuous variable like age, weight, height, blood pressure, blood sugar can be expressed in this way that is histogram. So the basic difference between histogram and bar chart is a variable we used to represent in bar chart it is categorical or categories here we are using continuous variable. So you will understand better about variable in the previous video that is types of variables. So basic thing is quantitative variables is like numbers and called categorical or qualitative variable is like categories like Asia like the continents or other variables. So this is a continuous histogram. So if we mark the middle point of each histogram and connect it by a line it becomes frequency polygon. So this we connect if we mark the central point it is not the same but if we connect like that we get frequency polygon. So it is getting by joining the midpoint of histogram blocks. So sorry this one S is missing here. So it is by joining the midpoints of histogram blocks. So if you connect the midpoint and join by a line it becomes frequency polygon. So normal curve we have already seen what is a normal curve and standard deviation and mean it is a bell shaped curve and it is also known as question distribution so I am not explaining in detail about the normal curve. Line diagram is nothing but we are representing using a line it is showing the malaria cases reported throughout the world excluding African region. So this is like cases on the y-axis this is like here. So 1972 it is 3 cases 73 like 3 cases 74 4 cases so it is x and y axis represented by line. Pi charts are like pi so we know how a pi looks like it will be 360 degree a total. So we can represent 2 variables or 3 or 4 variables by percentage and ultimately the entire percentage should be 100 percentage. So we have seen this in our k-diagram example k-diagram will be a pie chart ultimately. So we get the color of green sector by adding all the remaining colors and subtracting it from 100 because the total percentage will be 100 or the degree will be 360. You know the entire circle will be 360 degree. So it is indicating percentages of particular segment. So it is like developed countries are 26 percentage and developing countries are developing at 26 and 74 developed countries world population. So it is pie chart it looks like a pie and total will be 360 degree and 100 percentage. So we can use this like various factors doctors went to Lahore this is like 50 percentage doctors retired is like 25 percentage and the remaining are doctors only or working doctors. So 4 categories are expressed here but if we add all we get 100 percentage. So each color represent a proportion of the 100 so total 100 and each will represent a certain percentage which belong to that particular category and all we add we get 100 percentage. So pictogram is like representing using pictures. So it is small pictures or symbols we are using. So it is like how many cupcakes we eat per day. So Monday we 6 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 so instead of numbers we use pictures. So it is like if you have big data. So each cupcake is represented by 6 cupcakes so Monday it is like if you are selling not eating if you are selling it it becomes 1 2 3 4 5 30 cupcakes we are selling on Monday Tuesday it is 3 so 18 cupcakes so Saturday 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. So on Saturday we are selling 60 cupcakes because it is not easy to represent 60 here. So we represent 1 cupcake as 6 cupcakes so it is another way of representing data that is known as pictogram and scatter diagram it is like x and y axis we have 2 continuous variables so it is usually used for correlation that is positive correlation it goes like upward if it is negative correlation it goes downward. So it is like putting dots comparing one variable on the x axis and another variable on y axis x axis and y axis so each dot represents the relationship between one variable on here and one variable here. So that's all about our data collection and presentation. So we collect data using interviews, questionnaires, hospital records and presentation by tabular or graphical. Graphical can be quantitative and qualitative. So we have seen bar charts, histogram by charts and maps bar charts and histograms are very confusing bar charts we use for qualitative data there will be gap between bar charts because it is representing different categories but quantitative data will be represented by histogram it will be continuous there will not be any gap between the vertical columns so that is the only confusing part others as very easy like frequency polygon we connecting the middle points of histogram then frequency curve line charts normal curve we have seen scatter charts pie chart it's like our histogram pictogram it's like that cupcake but I have seen so it is a very simple portion of my statistics it's like how do we present our data more conveniently so that the viewer can get the gist of the comprehensive picture of a particular research particular data collection. Okay so I'll come up with new topic and identity statement thank you.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Nezor Education. Today we will talk about very interesting experiments which basically resulted in research and study of something which is called photoelectricity. Well, word photoelectricity means that it's related to light, photo, something related to light, and well, electricity, electrons, etc. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on Unizor.com. The website contains prerequisite course, mass for teens, and this one, physics for teens, and some other things. The website is absolutely free. There are no advertisements, no strings attached. You don't even have to sign in. I mean, unless you wanted to. It has, for every lecture, it has textual documentation, basically like a textbook, which explains exactly the same thing in a textual format. There are problems, there are exams, which you can take any number of times to check yourself. And obviously, this and the mass for teens are courses, which means there is a menu, there is a hierarchical menu, which basically put the whole material into a logical sequence. So, every lecture depends on something which was done before, and I do recommend you to take the whole course. Even if you just accidentally found this lecture on Unizor, on YouTube, for instance, go to Unizor.com and go with the whole course. Okay. By the end of 19th century, physics was pretty much in a very self-satisfactory kind of condition. The Newtonian corpuscular model of the light was, well, practically defeated because all these interference, diffraction, dispersion, etc., of the light, they explained everything from the wave standpoint. So, the light is the waves. And based on research of James Maxwell, who basically put everything into mathematical, onto mathematical background with four Maxwell equations, which basically describe the electromagnetic field and light as oscillations of magnetic field. So, that was done and everybody was pretty much satisfied. Well, and as usually happens, every model has its limits. And certain experiments showed these limits. So, the experiments are very simple. If you have something like a metal plate, let's say, whatever the material is, metal is usually they put something like silver so it doesn't oxidize. And you put a beam of light onto the surface. Under certain circumstances, people detected electrons flying off the surface. Well, by itself it was not surprising at all, because obviously the light carries energy. And the previous lecture was actually dedicated to calculating what is the energy density of the beam of light. With formulas, it's all based on, again, this wave approach to light as electromagnetic oscillations based on Maxwell's equations. We derived the formula for amount of energy per unit of volume, per unit of time, or amount of energy in one particular wave of a single ray of light based on wavelength, frequency, etc. Okay, considering light carries energy, obviously when light, the beam of light hits the surface of the metal, there are some electrons in this metal and the energy, which is carried by the light, whatever is not reflected is absorbed. And what does it mean absorbed? It's transferred to kinetic energy of electrons. They start moving faster and maybe atoms, the whole atoms maybe move faster. They're oscillating around some maybe neutral place. The whole piece of metal is supposed to be heated and that's fine. That's absolutely goes within the framework of electromagnetic waves as the theory of light. What was strange and that was discovered experimentally and that's what actually signified something which cannot be explained in the plane electromagnetic oscillation kind of theory. That unit for every type of type of metal, there is a special frequency, let's call it a zero, of the light. Unless light has this or greater frequency of oscillations, there is no electrons. So, for every metal, there is something like a threshold. If the light has this or greater frequency of oscillations, effect is observed. And if the light has less frequency or longer wavelengths, effect is not observed at all. That cannot be explained in terms of classical electromagnetic field as per the theory of electromagnetic field. It's presented by Maxwell on the top of this theory when electromagnetic field is basically continuous. Because there are differential equations, what does it mean differential equations? It means we are getting smaller and smaller piece of volume and we are calculating the density of light which is basically a derivative. The problem basically needs to be explained. Well, the first was Max Planck, German physicist at the end of the 18th century who was researching something not related to this particular experiments. He was talking about what kind of electromagnetic fields are emitted by a heated piece of matter. Because heat again, that's oscillations and when heat is radiating, that's electromagnetic oscillations. Maybe we don't see it unless we heat it really to a higher temperature when, let's say, the piece of metal becomes red because it was so hot. Then we see it. But if we don't see it, it doesn't mean that there are no emitted electromagnetic oscillations. There are, they are just an infrared spectrum and we just don't see it with our eyes. But we can see it with some kind of gadgets. He came up with some theory which was at least partially related to something which later on was called quantizing. So the energy emitted might not actually be a continuous energy. It might be in pulses. The real results, theoretical results towards that particular direction, changing of the model, was done by Einstein in 1905. He basically published something which was initially met by physicists with a lot of skepticism. Because what Einstein suggested was something that was something closer to Newton's corpuscular model of light. So he was suggesting that the light transfers energy in, not in the continuous flow when it's basically can be accumulated, et cetera, et cetera, and later on this would kick the electrons out. This does not observe these lower frequencies. And the classical electromagnetic theory doesn't depend on frequency. It just, you know, make it longer and even with a lower frequency it should supply enough energy for electrons to fly out. It did not observe. People did not observe it. So the theory which was offered by Einstein was completely different in the game. Closer to corpuscular model goes to the times of Newton. So he suggested that the energy is carried by light, not as a continuous flow, which can be infinitely divided into smaller and smaller pieces. No, there are some smaller pieces. Like matter has molecules, which is the smaller piece which basically carries the properties of the molecule, right? Let's say a molecule of salt, a regular salt. It's, I think a molecule is something like natural chlorus. Two different atoms together they make a molecule. If you break it, it's not a salt anymore, right? So there is a molecule as a minimum of matter which carries the properties of the matter. Same thing with light. He suggested that for every frequency of light the energy which is carried by light is not a continuous, but in pulses or pieces, whatever you can call it, each one carried amount of energy equals to, it proportional to frequency of the light. This f is a frequency, number of oscillations per second. So it does not really negate the wave theory because we're still talking about oscillations per second. We're talking only about how energy is carried by light. And h is just a constant, it's called Planck constant. Planck. That's the name of the physicist I mentioned before who basically researched the emitting of electromagnetic waves by heated objects. So he actually put the whole theory. It's a very big article of Einstein. And he was awarded Nobel Prize. But not immediately. Again, as I was saying, physicists were very skeptical about this in the beginning. And only additional theoretical research, etc., in 1920, like 122, I don't remember, at like 16, whatever, 17 years later, he was awarded Nobel Prize for his work, which basically was in the beginning of a revolution in physics of the 20th century called quantum physics. Because Einstein suggested that this is basically something which can be called a quantum of light, quantum of energy of light. So for every frequency, there is this amount of energy which is carried by pulses and there is no smaller piece of energy. It's not a continuous flow of energy. It's like pulsing. So you have one piece of energy, then another piece of energy, etc. That's how it's carried. It was an unusual theory to tell you the truth. Because on one hand he retained the wave properties of light because there is a frequency. It means it's oscillations. But on the other hand, he has suggested that there are some corpuscular properties, of the particles. Like particles, every particle carries certain amount of energy. You cannot divide it, basically. Now, this amount of energy is called photon. So that's how this particular term was invented. So the photon is a minimum amount of energy which light carries as a portion. Okay, now let's go back to our photoelectricity or photoelectric effect or photoemission sometimes it's called. Emission because electrons are emitted from the surface. So how can this be explained from this particular viewpoint? Okay, here is how. Electron consumes energy carried by a photon completely or not at all. So the energy gets consumed or rejected again based on these portions. So if this portion of energy is sufficient to basically give the electron enough kinetic energy to tear off the attraction of the nucleus of the atom, then it goes away, it flies away. If it's not, then it's not basically consumed or maybe it actually does have certain amount of energy consumed in this photon. But it's not enough for tearing off the attraction of the nucleus and it might actually shake a little bit and heat, maybe the whole thing is always heated but not sufficiently to produce electrons flying away from the surface. So that's basically how the existence of this particular threshold for the frequency can be explained. So again, if this frequency which is carried by a photon, if the frequency is high enough to give this portion of energy to an electron and electron would have enough energy to fly away from the nucleus, then we observe the effect, this photoelectricity effect. If this frequency is not sufficient, if the nucleus holds quite strongly the electron and it obviously depends on what kind of a metal we are talking about or whatever, it can be glass as well, it just holds it probably stronger. So if it's insufficient, then we don't observe this particular effect. By the way, effect can be very useful in practical purposes because if this particular flow of electrons depends on the light, we can construct, let's say, a counter of parts which are going on the conveyor. If you have a beam of light and the part as it goes along the conveyor can interrupt this beam of light, then while the beam of light is reaching the reception and reception can be something like this and there are electrons flying and there is some kind of a circuit which you can have plus here, minus here and electrons will go to this, making a circuit. So that's how you can count. So it will be either there is an electricity in this circuit or there is no electricity if it's interrupted and that's how you can count. Just a simple example, a count passenger which are going along some road, whatever. So existence of the protons was the most important achievement, if you wish, and the result of this is that the whole approach to physics of 20th century was changed towards quantum theory. After these ideas were supplemented by many, many experiments and skeptic physics physicists were convinced that Einstein was right, they started basically developing the whole quantum physics theory in this particular direction and it resulted in numerous successes. Okay, now I wanted to present you some kind of a common sense model which should give, well it gave me some comfort accepting that only a proper frequency is needed or greater is needed to kick the electrons out of the surface of this plate. And I have come up with some, as I was saying, common sense explanations for myself and I think I would like to share it with you and hopefully I will convince you that this is really not something which came out from the air, it has some common sense explanation. And here is my explanation. Consider you are in a car and you are going along the road and it's not smooth, it's bumpy. So you have some big bump, big in terms of, not in terms of height, but in terms of lengths. So there is some kind of a height and there is some kind of a length, okay. Now if this length is long enough and you are moving in your car with certain speed, you might feel that you are going a little bit up and a little bit down, but it's no big deal because the steepness of this is really minimal. Let's consider you have exactly the same height but the road contains bumps of much shorter wavelengths or larger frequency, right? Because as the car goes with certain speed, the frequency of these bumps, the long bumps would be significantly less than the frequency of this bump. Now what happens in this case? Where would you feel much more bumpy in this case or in this case? Well obviously in this case. Why? Because this is steeper and whenever the car moves it should go up steeper, which means during the same amount of time the car goes with certain speed, right? So the time is, the time needed to cover this distance, the car goes up. In this case, during the same time, car goes up only much less. So the acceleration, upward acceleration and downwards acceleration is significantly greater in this case and what if acceleration is greater? Well, it will just basically kick you upwards, right? So you might even be in the air above the seat of the car if the bump is really kind of steep, right? So it means a specific frequency of these oscillations to provide you enough acceleration so you basically are jumping in the air and you go above the seat. In this particular case you will not be in the air. You will be on the seat maybe with a little less or a little more pressure but you will not be in the air. You will not hit your head on the car's roof, right? But in this case you might. So that's exactly my kind of common sense explanation that with a higher frequency, even of the same amplitude, but with a higher frequency you have more chances for electrons to be kicked out from the surface of the, the electrons are like you in the car and the surface of the metal was basically the level of the seat of the car. In this case you might be up in the air. In this case you will not. Another common sense example. Consider you just wash your hands and you would like to shake off the excess of water. What do you do? If you do very slow movement the water will not come out from your hands, right? But if you shake it, if you jerk it basically, then the water will come out. So this acceleration is very important. So it looks like in our world, not in the world of electrons and the electromagnetic waves, in our world this frequency is also very, very important. It basically gives you the same kind of effect which you observe when the frequency of light is even from the standpoint of pure wave theory, right? Now it's a different question that Einstein formulated this thing using basically the concept of quantum of light, the photons. This is, I would say, a theoretical physics which I right now I don't want to go into. But the common sense explanation that you need certain minimum frequency of oscillation to kick electrons out from their orbits around the nucleus, it's kind of making sense with this type of explanation or with the shaking of hands to shake off excess of water. So that was kind of my, again, common sense attempt to explain that there is nothing very strange about existence of minimum frequency the electromagnetic waves should have to start kicking off the electrons. Now what did I not cover yet? Yes, one more thing, yes. So energy of the photon depends on frequency and the plane constant. It's a constant basically. It has certain value in textual notes for this particular lecture, contain the value. I don't remember it. So what if the frequency is significantly greater, the frequency needed to kick off electrons with that particular material the plate is made of? So every material has certain minimum frequency needed to start photoelectricity, photoelectric effect. So what if f is greater? So if h times f is more than sufficient to kick off an electron, and again one electron consumes one photon. So where is the energy, excess of energy going? So if you have certain energy, I call it energy free, which is needed for electron to free from the orbit around which it's circulating. So what if my energy of the photon, which is this, is greater? Well, since the whole energy is consumed by electrons, part of this energy, meaning this part, is consumed to basically tear off the orbit. And the rest of it goes to kinetic energy of this electron as it comes out from the surface. So this is a kinetic energy of electron after it spent this amount of energy to basically tear off the nucleus. And whatever the excess goes into kinetic energy of the electron, with m is mass and v is speed of electron as it comes out from the surface. Now what if I will increase the intensity of the light of the same frequency? Which means I will increase the number of photons per second, so to speak, emitted by the source of light. What happens in this particular case? Well, more electrons, well if the frequency is sufficient to kick off electrons from its orbit, then if number of photons per second is increased, then the number of electrons picked out will increase. So this number of photons per second is basically an intensity of the light. And that increasing intensity with the same frequency sufficient to kick off one particular electron, so increasing intensity will increase the number of electrons. So intensity of the light, if the light is sufficiently strong, if f is sufficiently great, then it will increase the number of electrons. Increasing the frequency will increase kinetic energy of every electron kicked out from its orbit. So these are two very interrelated things, intensity of the light and frequency of the light. Frequency goes into kinetic energy of the electrons, kicked off the orbit, and intensity goes into the number of these electrons. So all electrons will have exactly the same kinetic energy, but their number will increase. So kinetic energy of the electron depends only on the frequency of the light and properties of the material, how much energy electron needs to basically rip itself off the orbit. So these are two very important things. Frequency increases kinetic energy of kicked electrons, intensity increases the number of these electrons per unit of time. Okay, that's it. I do suggest you to read the notes for this lecture. It's maybe a little bit more concise than what I was talking about. But anyway, it's very good to have it in writing as well as this lecture type of things. Thank you very much and good luck.


Be Ken damn y пры Golden What tells Steve Pois impoboy? Before Steve Oz Mikiwa modern. Any music? Bachi kama mumsani tunahele wa kuna usani mbo lanszima wa pigyembo emboe, it's called imboemboe. The same thing he did with you, tu kabi lever, pua rusi, kwa onini kila kiki. Kwa kidao goa itimu me break up, aka sema vichu na wa namutesa atataki stories a vichu na get. So is it bad maybe for what he's doing right now? Kwa saya hi, wana ju ya saya kwa na management yun gini na tufouti. So I can't know plans takeni gani na plans awni gani kwa saya wabu. Nimeji distance due to some reasons. So can you meneza mombia tu, afanya 2 mios ni. Alefuna ju akuna kitunzuri kama una pachana na manager, na piya manager ni mstani. So ni kama kutakuna competition. So you're ataftia 2 or 2 wengia. Wana ita tunzai di abisu? Ok na tuna saya wuna sema mambuna veneza. Tibosimpo boi hi hayu kwa around good company and all, you and someone menew me kwa na leye for a while, what would you like to advise him as a friend? Mi si yui, si yui. Laki nili saya Kasupul. Kasupul ju zia alifanya interview na kasiama, astivo ni mchua neza dangaya na chips kuku. I think mili saya milion na yu video. So at least Kasupul ya beseba ya, kebi kitreza seba tu astivo ni mchua, situ nita saye maia je, sifo ni kama tu mchua tumdogu, na foku tukulokama milo na tukuli amtutua kwa, laki ni siku take advantage of that guy. And we have a beautiful girl, a beautiful lady, of course, mi namjua kumemoa na sana, tukulat pigesori nae tu ju anendele. It's been a while, bata juna wana palik kwa jemitanda, utuna kwa na tu? How are you? I'm fine. Kila kitu kwa sawa? Yeah, everything is fine. We've seen here today, maybe what are you up to? So much, I'm not sure what I'm up to, but I'm not sure what I'm up to. And you're not sure what you're up to? You're not sure? No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. I'm not sure. I don't know what I'm up to, but I'm not sure. I don't know what I'm up to, but I'm not sure what I'm up to. Maybe moving forward next year, you planning, at least two nominated for a category more JV. Yeah, probably, planning. Kusababu, siyeti mimi, mimi ka sana kwa e industry ndo, nimi hands are used it too. Yeah, me being next year, I'm looking forward kwa vichomingi sana. You know, a lot of people probably waki kuona, they relate, wana-wana-wana-wana ko relate na Stevo's simple boy. Unaza wambia labda, what do you do on your own right now? I am an actress, I'm a content creator, I'm a business woman, niko nabisha rango. So, Stevo's simple boy, ilkwatu kazi, kazi, kazi, kazi, that's all I can say. Stevo, apart. The cooking of kazi, chemistry enu li kwa top. Naa, si to me, she kujawa ni ex-wake. That's why we are here, actually we want to know maybe what transpire, nini nili fadja mukaposa, napi, and also if you miss Stevo, napi I use it to mona, nakrashia beti, waka enda debt, nini nini nini, beti mukazi opia? Yeah, labda. This one, keleleza chura. Huh? Keleleza chura. Namanishani ni labda? Laik, beti kelo Stevo, hupia si tu taju wa tu akuna anything in between. So, all I can say, si to Stevo, it's a, never say ma yumi, say no, ilkwatu ni kazi, nai kakutu ni kazi, akuna kichu ingini in between. Naa, I wish him well. Afanya tu kazi, ya chepana nami, acha yundan bali. Okay, so what you mean is, as Stevo, how is your foot, beti? No, I did say that, but okay, obviously, rapesez tema, ma penzi, wozi predict ma penzi? Yeah. Bye. Do people still refer to you, labda wuko inje, kama exo Stevo? Yeah, Sam. Sam? Enda. How do you feel about that? I don't feel bad, kusabu ni mimi, nini koni mejekakukia o kazi, so I expect anything, napia wozi kubalikilam tu afkiri even yo nataka. So you just let them be. Do you regret putting yourself in that position? Ya, I do. Why? A lot. I really do. And one reason why you regret majorly? Mimi kongo ikuni sa idea. Ikuni sa idea? Ikuni sa idea, sematili ni peha tu jina, bati ikuni sa idea. Let me ask maybe what was your agreement between you and Stevo, because it took like two months or three months miki pigatu yo kiki enu, basu wacha twitter kiki jume, semai likuwa kazi. Agreement di likuwa gani? I think, sifai kongia, paka media sa easy, but I'll call you, stop not speaking the story. Uta kiki kutupatia, chai. Chai. Chai. Kusabu, pia mimi ni lisa, I won't say anything for now. Pa kanyo ni Stevo, ame kwa stable konza? Do you talk to Stevo? Nombia. Yeah, sometimes, tiki lase, kutukipatia na tu. Labda mazungumzoni, uwa wakatu ni? Yes, mama. Napanga kwa ni? No, I can't work. Nai, si Danny, si Taki tu. Bati waku Stevo for quite some time. Nimtu wa iina gani, labda kwa sisi ambao, hatu diya kwa close na e. Stevo ni mpa, nimtu wa metulia. Na, anogo pachu, mkse machu, kampani zengia, akuna zole, kwa chungia na pachana na o, doh, si watu sa hei hei. Okay. Bati e personali, he's a good person. Yeah, he is. Okay, you said, bado, you are waiting for Stevo kwa stable. What does stability mean to you? Is it financially, music wise? But... But... Iki fika, uwa kati labda, unami pango gani. No, since you are waiting for, here, doh, mimi, since you are waiting, Iki fika, doh, doh, doh, doh. Iki zi. Na, jwa watu, wakanya kule injuakse ma? No, I... Lake. Okay, Stevo is a nice guy. Nasi mulia na li posti, bibi ake. So, definitely, and say to me ni kwa single, have my own life outside. So, you see? So, you working with Stevo, didn't affect your maybe relationship status? Ha zi, ha iku affect. Kusibabu, na jwa, if you dating a person, na mne rewana, ina kwa easy, kufanya kazi, na piyaku manage relationship piyaku. Okay, so, alright. Sorry, sorry. Umesema, wakini Stevo ha iku kupaidisha, eliku piyatu Gina. Lakin itina, tunona kwa social media, uki pata Gina, piya wneza pata Brands. Wa, kone bado Brands azi zakupiki ama? No, sija wne, niti. Kusibabu ina tegeme, kuna mtu wneza kupa Gina, na bado aka Yarubi o Gina. Ya. So, Ioniawa. Maybe looking at these cameras in front of you right now, what would you tell Stevo Simpo boy? Kenyeza wumbia, afanya kazi, acha kelele menge, sisi ugunye tunona kazi ake kama shabiki, obviously. So, afanya kazi menge, kuliko kelele menge. Before Stevo was a nice guy, alko tunona, afanya kazi, alko kwa naiskika pisuri, to sayzi, dramaza kendo zna skika, modern, any music. Bachi kama mstani tuna elewa, kuna usunia mbola zima wapigi mbo emboe, it's called imbo emboe. The same thing he did with you, tukabi lever, poa rusi, koni niki lakit. So, kido kwa iti mume break up, aka sema vichuna, wana mutesata, taki storiesa vichuna get. So, is it bad maybe for what he's doing right now? Kwa sayzi, onaju ya saya, kuna management, in Gina to 40. So, I can't know plans takeni gani, na plansaw ni gani, kusibabu. Nimeji distance due to some reasons. So, kengemi neza mombia 2, afanya 2 mios. Alefuna jokuna kitunzuri kama unapatera na manager, na piya manager ni mstani. So, ni kama kutukuna competition. So, atafutia 2 or 2 in here. Wana ita tunse, diavisu? Na sema, mbo na venyes, tibosimpo boi, hayu ko around good company and all, yu esaman minyume kwa na yeye for a while. What to do, like to advise him, as a friend. Okay, misi yui, misi yui, lakini liskiya Kasupul. Kasupul juzia, lifanya interview na kasiama, astivo ni mchua neza dangaya na chips kuku. I think miliskiya, miliona yu video. So, at least, Kasupulia besiaba ya, kebikitreza seba tu, astivo ni mchua situ intasema aji, astivo ni kama tu mchutum dogu, nafuku chukulokame luna chukuli amtutu akwa, lakini siku take advantage of that guy. So, astivo ame po na different management. Mbini nuna feel mbona, naizote siya kwa zikiya na po. Ni nuna feel like happens are in such way that, akipata this management, it always doesn't end well. Ni nini, stivo ailewangi, ni agreement, ama what do you think the challenge is? Milutu ni me seama, stivo ni kama tu ii. So, una mbeba, kulinga na viniya ya ako. So, buki sema na mkasi rekiya, utakuna West in aji ako piya. So, you don't have to do that. Seema tu, nama kini me seama, naba do pio manager ni mtani, utakuna a lot of competition. Na obviously, watam tu miya, toku pata jina at the end of the day. Watayanda. Alright. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Stivo da pata ii message. But, umegata kutu pati ya chiya ii, sika mawa mbe ya. Lakin ni, tamta futa. Tamta futa tu. Na shkuli. Okay, so, thank you.


So, my talk today is about how to reframe environmentalist narratives for a transhuman age. I want to begin by sharing a recent event in my life where a friend of mine reached out to me and said, you've got to read this book, it changed my life. It really clarified some things for me and articulated some aspects of the environmentalist movement in a way I'd never heard before. And so on his recommendation, I read the book and definitely agree that it's a powerful book. It was a bestseller when it came out and it continues to be read widely. But I also felt that there were some aspects of this narrative that left me dissatisfied. He uses a dichotomy of levers and takers to contrast prehistoric humanities attitudes toward nature from that of its successor. And he basically claims that humanity's relationship with nature was in a state of relative balance during pre-agricultural times and that it has been out of balance ever since. So, I think even though this book has some really powerful metaphors and concepts, I think there's some fallacies there and they're not new. They perhaps reached the height of their popularity when Jean Jacques Rousseau argued that humanity was more noble in its youthful state than when fully civilized. And one of his semi-contemporaries, Thomas Hobbes argued just the opposite when he claimed that life in a state of nature was nasty, brutish, and short. So this same debate continues today with environmentalists on the one hand adopting a closed-loop zero-sum calculus while neoliberals and technophiles on the other seem nearly oblivious to the side effects of their creature comforts. Now I think where it gets a little more complicated is that we're discovering new discoveries in paleoecology that are challenging the myth of the noble and balanced ecology of the hunter-gatherer. So recent research published in the journal Science indicates that large-bodied mammals, once plentiful on all habitable continents, and particularly important for their disproportionate influence on ecosystem structure and function, were all but wiped out in the latter quaternary period primarily due to hominin activity. Research in Australia has shown similar megafauna extinctions after the arrival of humans on the continent. Other research indicates that prehistoric pastoral activity may have led to the creation of the Sahara Desert. Satellite imagery shows numerous rock formations that they call desert kites for some reason. I'm not sure why they're called kites in the Middle East where prehistoric hunter-gatherers would trap big game by the thousands eventually leading to the devastation and extinction of several species. So you can see basically these huge structures where they would herd like thousands of animals into them and just slaughter them and you can imagine without any refrigeration or ability to do much with these animals that there probably was a lot of waste that occurred. So far from being in balance with nature, prehistoric humanity brought changes in its environment on a level that rivals or even exceeds those we're experiencing now when it's considered in proportion to the population size. So if you think of how small the human population was at that time relative to now and yet how much devastation it created, it's quite a different picture of what the so-called noble savage may have done in earlier periods. So we're also discovering that with the advent of agriculture it may not have necessarily been immediately better at sustaining humans than hunting did previously. So it's a little more challenging and it may have taken a little longer for agriculture to really be more successful. So each generation of sentient hominins seems to have faced both challenges and opportunities presented by its unique adaptability. And I'm reminded here of Einstein who said that the problems that exist in the world today cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them. Or at least that's a quote that's apocryphally attributed to Einstein, we're not sure. So one of the things that a lot of thinkers are failing to factor in that I think is a great contribution of transhumanism is this concept called the law of accelerating returns that was first introduced by Ray Kurzweil. More than anything I think an understanding of exponential growth and how and its surprising effects is something that we're currently struggling with right now in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis and that I think has not been applied enough to our predictions about the future. So we have an example here with Reverend Thomas Malthus who theorized that overpopulation was going to cause many problems in the developing nations of Europe including poverty, malnutrition and disease. And he argued that resources tend to grow linearly while populations grow exponentially and that this would eventually result in an outstripped carrying capacity. And his being a prudish Victorian minister he recommended the answer was moral restraint and making things worse for the poor by basically like keeping their houses crammed together and making it more likely for them to die of various things. So he's a rather cruel individual. Maybe it was in direct response to him that Charles Dickens wrote many of his novels. More recently we have researchers who make similar mistakes. In 1968 Paul Ehrlich an entomologist at Stanford who had observed population crashes and insects claimed that the human population growth rates spelled inevitable catastrophe. In his bestselling book The Population Bomb he proclaimed that the battle to feed all of humanity is over. Hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death and nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate. These warnings captivated the popular imagination with dystopian science fiction like the 1973 film Soylent Green in which an autocratic future American regime plagued by food shortages secretly supplements public rations with the processed bodies of the elderly. Or even reactionary works like Saturday's Warrior in which Mormon families are ridiculed for maintaining relatively large families despite overpopulation worries. So technological innovation has been the main way that we've mitigated these concerns. In 1898 addressing the Royal Academy of Sciences Sir William Crooks asked he exhorted his fellow scientists to diligently work to produce chemical manures claiming that if not if that didn't happen that famine was inevitable. And world population at this point was just over a billion. And the subsequent invention of the Haber-Bosch process by which ammonia used in fertilizer continues to be produced on an industrial scale has allowed the population to increase fourfold since then. And so this has been a remarkable miracle. Dr. Edward Burkilar professor of chemistry and environmental studies at Redeemer University College he eloquently summarizes the importance of this invention. He says it has been called by some the single most important piece of technology developed in the 20th century even more important than flight or computers. We are now quite dependent on nitrogen fertilizer to feed the world 7.3 billion people. Vaclav Smil has estimated that approximately 40 percent of the world's population is fed by nitrogen fertilizers put another way approximately 40 percent of the nitrogen in our bodies has flowed through a chemical fertilizer plant operating the Haber-Bosch process on a large scale where population densities used to hover around four or five people per hectare of good arable land the use of nitrogen fertilizers and modern cultivars of major crops enables 15 to 20 people to be fed per hectare of arable land. So proportional innovations in human food production are happening today as well. New methods of vertical farming are enabling food to be grown using no soil and 70 to 95 percent less water than traditional farming methods in sealed environments without pests or pesticide where renewable energy sources in LED lighting provides precisely tuned frequencies of light required for optimal growth. Plant needs are managed by machine learning learning algorithms and fertilizer is provided by aquaponics and harvesting occurs adjacent to where consumption happens which also eliminates wasteful shipping. This can also be a way of providing a lot of employment in these urban urban areas that are sometimes in need of renewal and even more amazing technological breakthroughs are coming in the field of lab grown foods. So there was recently a documentary on BBC called Apocalypse Cow and a guy named George Monbiot described some of these astounding changes. He says just as hope appeared to be evaporating the new technologies I call farm free food create astonishing possibilities to save both people and planet. Farm free food will allow us to hand back vast areas of land and sea to nature permitting rewilding and carbon drawdown on a massive scale. It means an end to the exploitation of animals and end to most deforestation a massive reduction in the use of pesticides and fertilizer the end of trawlers and long liners not only will food be cheaper it will also be healthier because farm free foods will be built up from simple ingredients rather than broken down from complex ones allergens hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat though it will be grown in factories on collagen scaffolds rather than in the bodies of animals starch will still be starch fats will still be fats but food is likely to be better cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet. So this technology is generally referred to as let me think I'm missing my it's the something fermentation precision fermentation is the the term that they're using and there's some really interesting predictions about how this will affect the the agricultural industry in the the cattle industry. So by 2030 rethink X a think tank that's devoted to predicting some of these changes says that the number of cows in the US will have fallen by 50% and the cattle farming industry will be all but bankrupt. Modern alternatives will be 100 times more land efficient 10 to 25 times more feedstock efficient 20 times more time efficient and 10 times more water efficient. The whole of the cow industry for example will start to collapse once modern food technologies have replaced the proteins in a bottle of milk which is just 3.3% of its content. The industry which is already balancing on a knife edge will be thus all but bankrupt by 2030. So there's so many parallel innovations that are occurring right now as we think of all these different disruptions in energy land and water usage and food production with demographers predictions about global population declining after a peak of roughly 10 billion people as nations develop. It seems that it actually what may be possible in the near future to greatly reduce our environmental impact and turn the tables in favor of reduced carbon emissions, increased carbon capture, vastly increased areas of wilderness and conservation, habitat renewal and even species de extinction. And so I don't have a whole lot of time and I want to leave time for one or two questions but I just want to finally finish with some ways that I think we as religious transhumanists can contribute here. So I want to share that we believe in a participatory form of revelation where essentially all of the discoveries of science and all the different disciplines are all part of the process of revelation and learning and that nobody can stop this from happening essentially. As well might someone stretch forth their puny arm to stop the Missouri River in its decreed course or to turn it upstream as to hinder the almighty from pouring down knowledge from heaven upon the heads of Latter-day Saints. John A. Whitso talks about how some of the latest and highest achievements of humanity in the utilization of natural forces approach the conditions of spiritual operations to count the ticking of a watch thousands of miles away to speak in but an ordinary tone and be heard across the continent to signal from one heavens here and be understood on the other though oceans roll and roar between to bring the lightning into our homes and make it serve as fire and torch to navigate the air and to travel beneath the ocean surface to make chemical and atomic energies obey our will are not these miracles the possibility of such would not have been received with credence before the actual accomplishment nevertheless these and all other miracles are accomplished through the operation of the laws of nature which are the laws of God. So the Mormon view is that all of this stuff is is miraculous even if we do understand how it's happening finally believe we believe that we should be involved in this that we shouldn't wait for someone to command us in all things but we should do much of our own free will and choice to bring to pass much righteousness and finally I want to share that I believe that the earth is full and there's enough in despair if we will continue to apply our reason in our our goodwill towards utilizing our resources more wisely and sharing them more equitably with everyone and with that I'll end we now it's 1143 I think we have time for one question I apologize that I didn't leave a whole lot of time anyone have anything yeah jennadi yes first of all thank you for the great presentation I thoroughly enjoyed it and I agree with you I think it's quite necessary to have a contrary narrative to this ishmael paradigm that is quite popular today but I think it's quite popular because of this Malthusian fallacy that really underlies the ishmael story and that many people in the world still believe in despite the technological evidence to the contrary so what do you think we can do to persuade the majority of people that Malthus was wrong that the empirical evidence is out there and they just need to recognize it somehow you know I think that it will become more dramatically obvious as time goes on some of these predictions by rethink X are really remarkable some other like the guy who created the documentary apocalypse cow think that it may take a little longer than some of their predictions but it's still the idea that the agricultural or the cattle industry could be bankrupt in in less than two decades is is like incomprehensible for most of our present experience and yet it seems that the trends are rapidly moving in that direction in terms of the advances in precision fermentation so I think that as those things as those the actual technology gets in the hands of everyday people I think that we'll start to see rapid changes especially when new demographics get access to protein that couldn't before such as that in the developing world and also when it becomes just in ridiculously expensive to order regular meat when you could just get something that's even tastier that looks the same and is is for all intents and purposes better than than the real thing right so those that's kind of what I think may happen I wish I had a better off-the-cuff response but that's my initial thought