If you're new to this channel, I am GoPony and I do new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube and today we are in the brand new 2024 Volkswagen Jetta courtesy of Faulkner Volkswagen in Mechanicsburg PA. For more information on their inventory, please feel free to check out the link in the description box below. And so today we are in the brand new 2024 Jetta because of course it has a legendary name. It's actually been in the US since 1979, believe it or not. You get two years or 20,000 miles of complimentary maintenance. You get an above average four year or 50,000 mile bumper to bumper warranty as well. And there is some new standard safety for the 2024 Jetta as well. So that is pretty cool. So ultimately in this video, we'll be testing out and going over everything about this one from acceleration to braking, steering for a ride quality, sound system exhaust, all that fun stuff. So having said all that, what do you guys say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it. And as always, let's start with pricing. As you can imagine, there are several different trim levels for the 2024 Jetta. First one being the S starting at $21,435 which is a $1,020 bump from 2023. In case you were curious, there is the sport going for $22,585 SE for $24,875 and lastly the SEL being the one we are in today starting at $28,825. But regardless of trim level that you go with, the power plant on the Jetta is going to be the same. Powering the beast is a 1.5 liter turbocharged four cylinder putting out 158 horsepower, 5,500 RPM, 184 pound feet of torque coming in at right around 1700 RPM. Power center the front wheels through a six speed manual or an eight speed automatic. We do have the eight speed automatic with this here today. Zero to 60 time coming in at approximately seven seconds flat. Top speed if you're interested, 128 miles per hour with MPG numbers coming in at 30 in the city, 41 on the highway. Regardless of not whether you go with the manual or the automatic taking regular unleaded fuel. And so before we do any kind of fun acceleration tests here in our Jetta, I wanted to mention to you guys the drive modes. There's a button called mode located just to the left of the shifter. If you were to press that, that's going to give you eco, normal, sport and custom justing things like the shift points, the throttle response and the steering sensitivity. So now I haven't got all of that out of the way. What do you guys say? Let's go ahead and find a straightaway. Let's put our 2024 Jetta here to the test and let's see how quickly we can get this one here up to speed. All right you guys, I do have it in sport driving mode. Let's do this here in three, two, one, go. I'm spinning baby. Not that bad on the turbo laggy. They're surprisingly typically I always say there's some sort of turbo lag with turbocharged force owners. This one was not that bad actually. There was a good bit of initial power there. And like I said, I was even slipping a little bit. It is a cold day, but still plenty of power here in the Jetta. You're absolutely not going to be disappointed with that. That was kind of fun. But anyways, two go along with that acceleration, as always, braking is equally important.  As far as that's six easier stopping distance goes, that comes in at 127 feet. As far as braking feel goes, it's okay. It's just okay. It's pretty much par for the course. It's average. It's not a super firm braking feel. It's definitely not a soft braking feel either. So that's why I kind of say it's just pretty much as you would expect the Jetta to brake like. But then touching on suspension and handling up front, you're going to get a McPherson's front suspension in the back, torsion beam rear axle, also a front stabilizer bar. Then if you were to go with that sport trim level, you're also going to get an XDS cross differential system as well, which is meant to improve handling and traction. So overall, as far as ride quality goes, that has been perfectly fine in my short little test drive here today. So definitely no issues there. As far as steering feel goes, I got it in that normal driving mode right now. It's okay. It's a little bit on the heavier side. So let me just switch it up to sport, see if it makes a difference. It's kind of the same. So it's pretty much fine. It does lean a little bit on the heavier side of things. It's not a loosey-goosey steering feel, but it's not the heaviest steering feel either. So again, pretty much par for the course. As far as cabin noise goes, we're going two miles per hour right now. It's great. Now honestly, you do get a little bit of road noise. The wind noise is definitely held at best and no issues there. But as you would expect, you do get a little bit of road noise at higher speeds in the Jetta. But for me personally, I'm not going to have any issues with that. But touching on visibility, I can see 100% perfectly fine out of my rear view mirror. The rear headrest aren't too big. So because of the shape of the sedan, you certainly shouldn't have any issues there. But check this out. Newly standard for 2024, you now get rain-sensing windshield wipers. So every single trim level is going to get them. So speaking of forward visibility, whenever this thing detects any kind of mist or rainfall, it's automatically going to turn on this windshield wipers for you just like automatic headlights. It's just one less thing you got to worry about. Better help keeping your attention on actually enjoying the drive here in the Jetta. But that pretty much runs off the performance segment of this review, guys. Let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of our brand new 2024 Volkswagen Jetta. All right. So here she is, you guys, the new 2024 Volkswagen Jetta, finished in platinum gray metallic. In case you were curious of our exact exterior color name. But I think it looks pretty darn good. Anyways, as always, let's go ahead and start with where the Jetta is made. Take a look at the bin. First character is the number three, indicating that the new 2024 Jetta is built and assembled in Mexico. As a lot of them are, actually, I've been noticing, but let's go ahead and start up front on this one. LED reflector headlights coming with the S Sport and SE trim levels, but then LED projector headlights coming with the SEL. To put it simply, that just means that the light is going to project out a little bit further. You're going to get a little better illumination with the SEL trim level that we have here today. LED daytime running lights do come standard along with the automatic feature. So when it starts to get dark in at night, those headlights will turn on automatically for you there. You're going to get some added gloss black accents on the front grill if you were to go with that sport trim level, and then added LED accent lighting in the corners for the sport and SEL trim. So overall, we've seen this look before. I think it still looks good, personally in my opinion, but there are pretty much rounds out the front end. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the side. Alright, so now since we are around to the side of the Jetta, chrome belt line molding does come standard on all trim levels, but the sport, because the sport is going to give you gloss black window surrounds, of course, because it is more sporty. And that's typically what that means. Gloss black, everything. SEL badging found on that front fender for the SEL trim level only. Otherwise, you're not going to get trim level badging found on the front fenders. Body color, power adjustable side mirrors do come standard. They're going to be finished in gloss black for the sport yet again, and heated actually for all trim levels across the board. That isn't always the case. So gotta appreciate that. Then take a look down at the wheel, set up 16 inch alloys for that S trim level, 17 inch alloys then for the sport SEL and SEL trims, but that pretty much rounds out the side profile. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the back. Alright, and so now since we are around to the back of this one, all the way to the top, gloss black shark fin antenna, just below that, you will find LED taillights for all trim levels across the board. You gotta love that for added illumination at night. You have some trim level badging found on the rear trunk of this one, of course, and then making our way all the way down underneath of this one, all the way to the bottom there. There is a single exhaust outlet tucked away on the driver's side.  They've done that in the past, but that's not the case here in the Jetta. So I actually think the rear bumper looks good because of that. But again, back to the exhaust, I do believe you guys know what we have to do next as always here is that exhaust clip. And so now since we are around to the back of the Jetta when it comes to opening that rear trunk, there is a button on the key fob. There is a button on the trunk itself, a rubberized button, and then there is a button on the driver's side door as well. But once opened up, cargo capacity comes in at 14.1 cubic feet. If that was not enough space, of course, there is a 60-40 split, meaning the rear seats do fold down for quite a bit of extra space then if you needed it. There is some cargo lighting back there. And then if you were to lift up underneath of that cargo floor, you are going to find a spare tire as opposed to the fix-a-fly, which you guys know I personally prefer. But then make your way up to the rear legroom that comes in at 37.4 inches for reference. I mean even six feet tall, this is how much space I had back there. There is a rear center armrest with cup holders that does come standard. You got to love that. No rear charging ports, unfortunately, would have loved to have seen that. No rear ventilation either, but heated rear seats do come standard on the SEL trim level that we have today. So that is going to spoil the rear passengers a little bit, and I do love that. So then making our way up to the front seats, manually adjustable claw seating coming with the S trim level. You're going to get some enhanced bolstering with contrast stitching for the sport trim level, six-way power driver seat with two-way power lumbar for the SE, heated front seats for the sport trim level and up, leatherette surfaces, sport trim level and up, ventilated front seats, SEL trim level, and that SEL is also going to give you memory settings and leather seating as well. So overall, when it comes to seat comfort, actually wasn't that bad. I didn't have any issues in my short little test drive here today, although it seems aren't vertical, which I always prefer. Still, seat comfort was perfectly fine, so absolutely no issues there. Taking a look then at the steering wheel, it is tilt and telescoping. It is a flat bottom, so let that design element, and it is eco-leather wrapped, whatever that means, and it is going to be heated for the SEL trim level that we have with us here today. It is kind of cold out in PA, so I do love that we have the heated steering wheel. But now, let's go ahead and make our way to the startup. Let me start by showing you guys the key. You've got your Volkswagen logo on the one side. Then when you flip it over, lock, unlock the button to pop the rear trunk there and the times two button. That is going to be a remote start, which comes standard on the SE trim level and up, but it is all keyless entry with a push button start. So all I'm going to do here is simply put my front of the brake and press that silver engine start button located just to the left of the shifter. And so, once started up, when it comes to the gauges, there's two different clusters here. You've got an eight-inch digital gauge cluster for all trim levels, but the SEL. Because our SEL trim that we have today gives you a 10 and a quarter inch digital gauge cluster. So it's pretty cool too. Like I said at the beginning of the video, when you change the drive modes, it is going to change the colors of the gauge cluster as well. So if you go where to go to eco, you're going to get some kind of cyan colors. If you go to normal, it's going to kind of be like a dark blue and then sport is going to be red. But the coolest part about the digital gauges is there's a view button on the steering wheel. If you hit that, it completely changes the look of the gauge cluster out there. You can have a very minimalist look. You can have a fuel economy look. Then there's just your traditional gauges as well. So it pretty much gives you everything you could possibly want on the digital gauges more or less. But now let's go ahead and make our way to overall interior quality. Panoramic sunroof comes on the SEL trim. It's going to be optional for the other trim levels. Auto dimming rear view mirror does come standard. By the way, that is newly standard for 2024. And I like the humbling controls throughout the three different garage doors found just below it as well. That's pretty cool. Dual zone climb control for the SE and SEL trim levels. Wireless phone charger for the SEL trim level as well.  So just behind the shifter, you're going to have a couple cup holders, a little slot to put yourself in if you like. And then the center armrest actually decent amount of storage in there. What's kind of interesting is it's a light color in there. So this light color is found nowhere else on the vehicle, but inside of the center armrest. So that's kind of interesting, but you do have a phone charging port within there too. So that's pretty cool. But overall, I actually really like the interior quality on this. So you got this kind of cool aluminum, kind of looks like wood, but I think it's actually plastic trim that's found in the doors and just above the passenger side glove box. But that looks really good. There's a lot of soft touch like leather finishes to the doors with contrast stitching. So I think that looks plenty fine as well. So overall, there's actually also an overhead sunglass holder up here. I don't want to forget to mention that. So overall, Volkswagen did a pretty darn good job with the interior quality on the Jetta here. But now let's go ahead and take a look at the infotainment screen. It's going to be a 6.5 inch color touch screen display for the S Sport and SE trims. And then an 8 inch color touch screen display for our SEL that we have with us here today. Bluetooth and audio streaming does come standard. Android Auto, Apple CarPlay as well. And of course, you can check out your radio information up there. And so when it comes to the sound systems, there's two of them. You're going to find a four speaker sound system for the S Sport and SE trims, but then a Beats sound system that we have today on our SEL trim level. So what do you guys say? Let's go ahead and turn on the radio, see what we got playing today and let's test out the clarity of our Beats sound system that we have with us here today. Actually, I was listening to it a little bit longer because I was trying to find something I didn't like about it, but that was really good. Like the clarity was really better than I expected. I know it's an upgraded sound system. It's the Beats sound system, but bass was perfect as well. Not too much bass to the point where it was rumbling different things in the car, but a really good amount of bass and like I said, the clarity was spot on as well. So that was a really, really good sound system for the Jetta. If you like music, go with the SEL because it gives you that Beats sound system. But last thing I wanted to mention to you guys on the infotainment screen is when you do put the Jetta in reverse, you will find a rear view camera coming standard across the board, letting you know who or what is behind you, which is always is going to lead us into safety. And so first, let me start by saying, I always mention this. It is not an IIHS top safety pick, unfortunately. I always like to mention that first. Front side, side car and airbags do come standard. And then back, you're going to have latch, aka lower anchors to tether to children for the rear car seats, rear child door locks, tire pressure monitoring system, but also coming standard IQ drive driver assistance suite, which is newly standard for 2024. Previously, it was just on the SE trim level and now, but now even the S trim level gets it. So that's going to give you a blind spot monitoring system with rear cross traffic alert, adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, autonomous emergency braking and lane keep assist then as well. So overall, when it comes to my final thoughts here of the Jetta, plenty of an acceleration. I think that was one of my favorite parts. Also, that Beats sound system is so freakishly good. So again, if you like music, go with that. Those are two of my favorite parts about this one. I do love that a manual transmission is still available on the Jetta. That is a Volkswagen thing. Volkswagen just loves their manuals, which I got to give them credit for because that is, that's just super awesome. Although we didn't have it here today, but digital gauges are also great. They are pretty darn customizable. So I like seeing that great MPGs as well. I think the only constructive criticism I can think of is if you don't go with the beat sound system, you get a very basic four speaker sound system, which is almost unheard of these days. Like I think the Mitsubishi Mirage might have a four speaker sound system on their very bottom trim level, but that's about it. So typically you don't find four speakers. Six speakers is pretty much the basic sound system. Eight speakers is usually a next grade up in whatever this beat sound system is. It's absolutely amazing. So I don't know, it's just basic with the four speakers. But anyway, let me know what you guys think of the Jetta in the comments section below. That is about it for this one. You guys, thank you so much for watching. Feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen if you want to see what's coming next on the channel before it gets to YouTube. Be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're new car reviews, because that is what we do here on this channel after all. Do appreciate you guys watching more than you know, and I will see you guys all in the next video. Stay Gold.


I really love two of the pictures in the sports section. One is by a British photographer called Tom Jenkins. He has photographed the Grand National at Aintree for the last 25 years. He's never caught a picture like this as good as this. The other picture that is amazing is a shot of Ysain Bolt in the semi-final of the 100 metres. You see him looking across and smiling at the other runners. It just absolutely nails Ysain Bolt's sense of humour and mischievousness. This wonderful sporting hero. It just nails it. It's a great picture.


First off, y'all gonna quit tryin' to meet me.  Come on now, this is mine, this ain't call this, man. But anyway, Raven's fans are crazy. My God said, how to lose Lamar Jackson in 10 days. First question came from my God, Jared. He said, I ain't graven, again, I wanna thank you for sticking to your guns and explaining to other Ravens creators, for example, Sarah Ellison, that you want more weapons on offense. I love and totally agree that our offensive scheme needs to incorporate more from the passing game to make a deep playoff run. Thank you, I agree. It's so frustrating to see fans talk about going back to 2019 when we all know what happened to end that year. It's funny because I was watching my guy, Hendo, Raven's online ungatekeepers. And he had a video last night with one of his boys. And they were talking about if the Ravens go back to 2019, they were like, well, what do you think defense is gonna do when it comes to that offense? And I was like, ooh, that's so fire. Anyway, he says, but I think I have a point to bring to the table to change the minds of the masses and end the G-roll cult. How to lose Lamar Jackson in 10 days. As we know, Lamar Jackson has been absent from voluntary OTAs for the first time in his career. And reports have been that he hasn't actively engaged for an office and contract negotiations. My opinion, although the Ravens have added very solid talent across the board this off season, which they have, they have not yet secured their franchise. If you want Lamar Jackson to feel comfortable committing his future to the organization, then you have to give him something worth staying over. I can guarantee, Eric DeCosta, that if he goes and gets a DK Metcalf, Lamar will stay. Hey, you're going to get a DK Metcalf. I'm flying up there to give a nice congratulations to you.  But anyway, I can guarantee, oh yeah, yeah. He said, I can guarantee John Harbaugh that if he turns the page on Greg Roman, Lamar will stay. Yeah, let's see that one right there. I think it's not just Greg Roman though, it's the Ravens philosophy. We said this from the jump, especially this off season. Greg Roman, they could let Greg Roman go tomorrow. Lot of Ravens fail to be happy, oh yeah, yeah, yeah. But until they actually have a philosophy shift, and again, every time I say this, I'm not talking about, all right, we're just going to scrap the running game. But look, with or without Greg Roman, the Ravens run game will be just fine. It will be just fine. What I would love to see the Ravens do, and with Greg Roman, that's why I feel like this year, there are no excuses for anybody. I think there shouldn't even been excuses last year, but anyway, because the way that they've built this team, they've definitely built it for Greg Roman's offense, for Greg Roman to have no excuses for him to have depth, for him to have the pieces that he uses the most in his offense. So with that being said, if Greg Roman, if they can't get it done, and it's like, oh, okay, well, but you look at last year, last year, you could be like, oh, okay, injuries, use the injuries, excuse, okay, cool. Yeah, before that, oh, COVID, COVID messed us up, they messed up our off season. Yeah, before that, oh, yeah, we went 14 and two. So I think that may be how the Ravens may be viewing it.  But this year, let's try to build this thing up to where there are no excuses. But what I'm hoping that happens, I'm hoping that they can incorporate a lot of what they did last year, in the past, again, last year at the passing game, it took strides forward, but I still believe that was only due to all their running backs being hurt, all of them. So they couldn't run a ball like they wanted to. The offensive line was, ooh, big yikes. But I would love to see them incorporate a lot of what they did last year with the passing game, and also continue to run the ball as well. And just, again, like we said before, if they can have a plan B, if plan A isn't working, have a plan B that you can go to, to where it's like, oh, okay, we do have other options. And be able to switch it up, be able to go game to game and have different options as far as your offense. Not trying to run the same thing against everybody, making adjustments, that's one of the biggest things. Making adjustments and really consistently attacking your opponent's weaknesses. Your opponent can't stop the run. If you're running the ball, you keep running that ball until they stop it. Of course, you're gonna throw in some passes here and there too. If your opponent can't stop the pass, okay, throw that ball on them, man. Throw it. Like, they really need to key in on what their opponents are bad at. Take advantages, create mismatches. Anyway, but again, it's not just Giro. Giro is not the only end be all issue. He's not. He's really not. And I know a lot of Ravens fans think it is all Giro. Oh, Giro, Giro, Giro. No, this is news way before Giro, man. This has been an issue way before Giro, way before. But the reason that Giro gets a lot of the heat right now is because the Ravens have that guy at quarterback. They have not had somebody like this at quarterback ever. Joe Flacco was cool. He did his thing, obviously. Especially Playoff Joe. Playoff Joe was nothing to mess with, baby. Regular season Joe, you can mess with him but Playoff Joe, he wasn't nothing to mess with, man. Straight up. You already know what time it was with that one after the first couple of years. First couple of years, but after the first couple of years, it's okay, let's go. But you have a Lamar Jackson at the quarterback position and the reason why Giro gets so much of the blame is because so many people feel like the Ravens, they just, they fumble in this thing, man. They fumble in this thing. And they have had so many opportunities to really capitalize on having a Lamar Jackson at quarterback. But they haven't maximized his potential. And it frustrates people.  Oh man, an offensive coordinator, he's bad. And that's what's been happening over the year for the longest. But remember what Joe Flacco too is the same things. They're like, hey, we don't feel like Ravens are really capitalizing on Joe Flacco as much as they could.  So it was complaints about offensive coordinator after offensive coordinator, after OC, after OC, after OC, after OC, after OC. Same thing is happening with Lamar Jackson. That's why I say it's philosophy, man. It's a philosophy thing. And we know Ravens had, they were built on defense. And then we're not saying to throw out the defense. No, nobody's saying that. But it's okay to upgrade, get with the times, man. Get with the times. And invest more into the passing game. That's it. Or at least in my opinion, that's what they invest more into the passing game. Because it's a passing league, right? And again, nobody's saying to get ready to run. You can still run a ball, but you need to do more in the passing game. So that's why I said, like, what were the direction they were going last year? Well, it was nice. It was nice. But you take that and you pair it with a good running game too. That could be a beautiful thing. But anyway, back to this. He said, I can guarantee John Harbaugh that if he turns the page on G-Roll Lamar will stay. I can guarantee that if you give Lamar the least 35 passing attempts a game, Lamar is staying. See, even with that, I can't even put a number on it. I wouldn't be like, all right, yep, 35 passing attempts a game. There you go, Lamar. I couldn't put a number on it because every game plan is different. Every game is different. They're gonna be some games where, again, the run game is dominated. Now you don't want to, if the run game is dominated, you don't want to just switch to the pass game just because. That's why I said, every game is different. If the pass game is dominated, hey, keep airing it out. So it just all depends. But he said, he has stated many times, I'd rather pass than run the ball. Yeah, and that of course was speaking about himself as the actual runner.  He's still gonna get his, but all the design runs, they can cut back a lot on those too. That's why you got your running back. So anyway, he might not even be the best guy. Said he might not even be the best golfer, but Lamar has my home slash Allen level talent and he wants to be treated as such. I agree. That's what I was talking about earlier, just not maximizing his potential. So, but with the team that's currently constructed, they are leaving the future up to chance. With their stubbornness not to change philosophy. Oh, he got into it. I guess I should have just kept reading. With that stubbornness not to change philosophies, with their unwillingness to pivot, I fear that the Ravens can lose more than just a divisional playoff game. I fear they can lose the man that brought them there. Stay ready so you ain't gotta get ready. Question. Oh, I thought that was it. He said all that to lead up to this question. What do you think the Ravens need to do? Not only to contend for a Super Bowl, but keep Lamar Jackson at the helm for the future to come. Ooh, okay, okay, okay, okay. What do the Ravens need to do to contend for a Super Bowl and to keep Lamar? Show them that you believe in. That's it. Simple as that. Even if it may not be so simple to people, I think you gotta show them that you believe in them. And I stand by that. Right now, the Ravens have not shown Lamar Jackson that they truly believe in him. They have it. Because of the lack of investments made at past catcher. They haven't shown that they believe in them. They drafted a couple guys. They drafted two first round receivers. Cool, they just got rid of one. They drafted a third round, two third round receivers. One fourth round, one fifth or sixth round. I always forget what round James Roshay got drafted in. They signed Willie Sneed. No, Willie Sneed was for Flacco, as a matter of fact, but he did sign an extension to stay. So they did sign Willie Sneed. They signed Seth Roberts. They signed, watched up there as Bryant. They signed Andrew Prone, Sammy Watkins. So you see the quality there? You see the quality? And like with Rashad Bateman, I kinda exclude him because he's to be determined. Last year was his first year. And it's expected that he's gonna be good, or it's to be determined. So for them to, even them trading away, the guy that Lamar had the best chemistry with, they got rid of him. Got rid of him. And now he didn't wanna be there.  It could show. They don't wanna be there. It's gonna, ooh, yikes. But the lack of true investment in a significant past catcher. Again, quality over quantity. Because you could draft all the receivers in the world you want to, but it's the quality there. Why haven't they gone out to get that guy? And while when it comes to getting that guy at receiver, they always fall short. Again, this is not just a problem that's been going on since Lamar's been here. It happened with Flacco too. It happened with him too. And when they really like gave Flacco somebody who was liked that at receiver, look what he did. Look how far the team got. When they had the Derrick Masons. Ooh, nice. When they got Anquan Bolden, look what that changed. Flacco regular season numbers, they were the same, but come playoffs, ooh, boy. Come playoffs, that changed everything, man. Everything, everything. So why don't they do that for Lamar? Because if Lamar stay healthy the whole regular season, he's gonna be fine. And we just know like, and it's again, it's not an arrogant way. It's not an old cocky way. There ain't nobody on that. But if Lamar Jackson stays healthy for the regular season, the expectation is the Ravens will be in the playoffs. The Ravens will be in the playoffs. Well, like nine times out of 10 Lamar's healthy, they'll be there. But why haven't they gone out to go get that guy for him? All these other young quarterbacks, both proven and unproven, but some of them to get proven, they went out and got that guy. So because a lot of these other young quarterbacks, they were not proven. Some of them still not. Jalen Hurts, they went and got this dude, AJ Brown. Oh my goodness. They went and got him AJ Brown. AJ Brown, had Devonta Smith from last year. But when, and that was his guy from college, I believe. And they said, no, we not done that. We're not done. No, we ain't finished. We going to get you AJ Brown. That dude is a baller, man. I love AJ Brown's game. Even with Tana Hill. Is Ryan Tana Hill better than Lamar Jackson? I'll let you decide that. But Ryan Tana Hill had AJ Brown, but they were like, you know what? No, we want more. When it got Julio too. Julio was, that was like the Titan's version of Sammy Watkins. Yeah. But the Ravens, they got them on Sammy Watkins. And see the thing with that, man, it's like, there was such a low expectation for Sammy Watkins. I think for most Ravens fans, I don't think anybody expected him to go off last season or even finish the whole season. I don't think anybody expected that. They knew going into it, all right. Sammy Watkins, ah, cool, but that can't be it. And I remember when we signed him, I kept saying that they cannot put all their eggs in the Sammy Watkins basket. It can't be it. But then they drafted Rashad Bateman and Tyler Wallace. But then the injuries, like kind of threw a lot of stuff off. But yeah, man, you just see all these other young quarterbacks get provided for. That's what you see. And for me, it's like, why not for a little more? Why not for him? Why don't, and I know, ah, what is it? It's, one of my guys made a really good point recently. He said, when you talk about adding a wide receiver, those significance, then people will be like, oh man, if they add another wide receiver, he's going to take away snaps from all young wide receivers that we have now. He's going to mess up their development. But if you talk about adding a running back, adding an offensive lineman, adding a corner, adding a linebacker, adding a safety, adding anything else, don't nobody be on that at all. Don't nobody be on that. It's just when it comes to wide receivers, that's when everybody flips out about the development. Even if it's a significant guy. If you saying that for like a washed up guy, something like, okay, but even for a significant guy, a young guy, this guy entering his prime, people say the same thing. And it's like, why not? The competition should bring the best out of them, right? All of them. Make everybody step up that much more and it will give you that much more quality depth if everybody is like that. So that's what I feel like they would need to contend for a Super Bowl. Because right now, I think they are very close. I think they are very close, especially, obviously with health, but the biggest thing, the biggest question mark is at wide receiver because it's just so much unknown. I feel like at so many other positions, like, you know, you know what you're getting. You know what you can get from the offensive line. I mean, anything will be better than what they had last year, even in the past two years, especially if Ronnie Stanley's healthy. Oh boy, that would change everything for the better. Oh my goodness, that would change everything for the better. Ronnie Stanley's healthy. Oh my goodness, that would be great. But offensive line, you pretty much know what you're gonna get. Running backs, you know what you're getting. Tight ends, you know, corner back. Again, all this stuff, as long as they're healthy. Secondary, you, yeah. Linebackers, you kinda saw it, but what I mean, they got Josh Bynes, Patrick Queen, and then the outside linebackers, like, so you pretty much know what you're gonna get. But linebackers, that could be a little bit of a question mark. D-line, you know what you're getting. Hopefully some improved interior pass rush. We'll see. But yeah, man. So you pretty much know what you're getting everywhere else. Kicker, well you could say punter, there's a question mark cause we don't know about Jordan Stout. Yeah, we'll see how he does in the pros. But yeah, but why receive him? We don't know. We don't know. So this is one of the biggest reasons that I've just, I've wanted them to get a proven guy. A proven guy to really help take them over the top. I was still low on DK Metcalfe. I know he ain't been, I don't think it's gonna happen. But to say he ain't been at the OTAs, I'm like, oh, well, it's their hope. So people been talking about Terry McLaurin, scary Terry. I don't think that happens because they just got a new quarterback. And why, if they just got a new quarterback, why would they give away one of their new quarterbacks weapons? So, I don't know, man. Who could it be? We'll see, hopefully we'll see. But I just don't know. But yeah, that's what I feel like the Ravens need to do.


Hello everyone, my name is Clément Goutier, I work with Tobias Göring on new speech enhancement strategies for cochlear implant listeners. More specifically in this presentation, you will hear about our research project using single or multiple microphone deep learning approaches to tackle the joint problem of noise and reverberation for cochlear implant listeners. The cochlear implant is a neuroprostatic with several components represented on the animation on the left. One of them is an electrode array used to restore a sense of sound by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve in place of the damaged sensory hair cells. People with profound sensory neural hearing loss listening with a cochlear implant can achieve good speech comprehension in quiet even without deep breathing. However, there are still strong limitations in challenging listening situations with noise and reverberation. This is where our research project lies and especially as previous work reported that interactions between noise and reverberation are likely to impair speech intelligibility for people with cochlear implants. Previous work also reported significant improvements in speech intelligibility for cochlear implant recipients using deep neural network algorithms. That's why with this project we try to establish whether more realistic listening situations with noise and reverberation can be mitigated using more advanced DNN speech enhancement with one or more microphone to improve speech perception with cochlear implant listeners. For the single microphone algorithm in our study we chose a typical approach where from degraded speech example the algorithm learns a model to estimate enhanced speech. This is done using the dual path RNN time domain audio separation network where the algorithm first forms a sound representation of the time domain noisy reverberant speech example with the encoder block on the left. Then estimates a mask on that sound representation with the masking network the middle part before transforming it back to time domain enhanced speech with the decoder block. For the multi-microphone approach this time from multi-channel degraded speech examples the algorithm learns a model to estimate enhanced speech signals. This is done using the filter and sound network architecture or FASnet. This architecture which we can also call a neural beamformer learns from representation formed of 2D sound representation and cross-microphone features some time domain spatial filters which are then applied to get hopefully enhanced more intelligible speech. As we chose a data-driven approach for this study we trained the algorithms on 6000 simulated sound scenes using target speech and rooms from the clarity CEC1 data set, noises from the one data set and trained the different algorithms to remove both noise and reverberation. We compare three different cases where we have access to either one microphone, two microphones placed unilaterally, or six microphones placed bilaterally with three microphones on each ear of the listener. We decided to evaluate the models on mismatched target speakers using BKB sentences and 16 talker bubble noise as well as unseen rooms from the clarity CEC1 data set. We also used cochlear implant simulations to process our estimated speech signals before computing distortions and predicted intelligibility scores that I will present you next. We compared the three approaches over the unprocessed noisy reverberant signal and an ideal speech enhancement condition. On the x-axis here lower value represent noisier situations. On the left graph you see a measure of signal to distortion ratio and on the right one the normalized covariance measure used in previous study as a proxy for speech intelligibility with cochlear implants. For both metrics, the higher the better, we see possible benefits for all methods and especially for multi-microphone conditions at lower SNRs. We also ran a listening study including 15 volunteers with typical hearing using cochlear implant simulation and are also collecting data with cochlear implant listeners. We are aiming at testing 12 volunteers for that group. For both groups we compare the 50% speech reception threshold measured using an adaptive procedure. On this slide you see individual results for the group using cochlear implant simulation where on the x-axis you have the volunteers with their average results denoted by M and on the y-axis you have the speech reception threshold where the lower is the better. We compare the 5 different conditions and if the results are a bit mixed with the single microphone approach we note that almost all of them improved their SRT with the 2-microphone approach and they all get their best SRTs with the 6-microphone approach. Let's look at the results from the first 8 participants that volunteered from the cochlear implant listener group. Results are for now a bit more variable but 4 of them improved their SRTs with the single microphone method. 6 of them got better SRTs with the 2-microphone approach while all of them improved it with the 6-microphone approach. Let me present you finally the statistical analysis we ran for the group using the cochlear implant simulation. We see a significant effect of the tested condition with repeated measure analysis of variance and highly significant differences between conditions with Bonferroni corrected pair-wise comparisons except between the unprocessed and the single microphone case. I am not presenting any statistics for the cochlear implant listener group as we are not yet finished with the data collection but we can see similar trends with the results and probably superiority of the multi-microphone approaches. To conclude we showed a clear superiority of the multi-microphone deep neural network approaches in improving speech reception thresholds for more realistic challenging listening situation with both background noise and reverberation. These are promising findings for cochlear implant listeners as even only with 2 microphones placed unilaterally we reported improved speech reception threshold with still bilateral processing potentially giving larger benefits. Mixed results for the single microphone case possibly coming from the joint task here of denoising and reverberation motivates further investigation as well as for example work studying the effect of such speech enhancement strategies on the auditory perception of the acoustic environment. Thank you very much for your attention.


This video is brought to you by Nebula. If you head over to the link in the description, you can check out an exclusive episode of Cover Stories, where I talk about the cover of Rage Against the Machine's self-titled debut album. In 1968, a British musical institution was starting to disintegrate. The Yardbirds had been giants in the British blues revival scene since 1963, famously starting the careers of Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Jimmy Page. But by the end of the decade, creative differences were starting to emerge. Page wanted to take the band's music into heavier, louder territory inspired by the psychedelic scene that was exploding around them. But the rest of the band wasn't as keen, wanting to move more in a lighter, folky direction. So Page left the group and set off to create his own new supergroup. Originally, he hoped to plunder the rhythm section from The Who, but when he brought the idea to Keith Moon and John Antwistle, they weren't so hot on it. As the story goes, one of Moon or Antwistle told Page that they thought the idea would go over like a lead balloon. You can probably guess where this story goes next. Jimmy Page found his band elsewhere and took that turn of phrase for his name. The band dropped the A from lead so that people wouldn't pronounce it lead, and replaced balloon with the sleeker Zeppelin. And just like that, a legend was born. Within months, Led Zeppelin had gone to the studio and cut their first album. When that album dropped, it was wrapped in an iconic piece of album artwork. That artwork is a clear play on the band's name, but it's more than that too. It's a provocative visual metaphor and a perfect representation of the explosive sound that would shake the music world to its core. Welcome to cover stories. On May 3rd, 1937, the LZ129 Hindenburg set off from Frankfurt on a three-day transatlantic voyage to the United States. The Hindenburg was the largest aircraft ever to fly, a luxury airship that promised a future of incredible air travel when the concept of transatlantic flights were still novel. This flight was going to be the first of ten round trips that the Hindenburg was to make that year, but when the airship came into dock in Lakehurst, New Jersey, disaster struck. As the ship approached the moor, it burst into a violent eruption of flames and came crashing to the ground, killing 35 of the 97 people on board. To this day, nobody knows the cause of the fire. The Hindenburg disaster wasn't the first airship crash of its kind, but it was the best documented. Crowds of people and journalists had gathered to watch the airship's approach, so there were plenty of cameras rolling to capture the visceral carnage of the airship explosion. One of those cameras belonged to photojournalist Sam Scheer. When the Zeppelin wind up in flames, Scheer was quick on the draw, shooting straight from the hip rather than wasting precious seconds bringing the camera up to his eye. The result was a stunning image that captured the ship mid-explosion, thrown into dramatic contrast by the light of flame. It was Scheer's image that would come to be immortalized in the annals of rock history a generation later. Jimmy Page himself chose the photograph, working with graphic designer George Hardy, who modified the image to bring out that contrast, turning it into a stark piece of noise filled black and white. He put the band's name and the Atlantic Records logo in orange, helping to conjure images of fire and flame. The final result is a simple but striking image, and one that's a perfect representation of everything that's to come in the album. The violence and destruction serves as a visual metaphor for the roaring sound that would come to define Zeppelin. John Bonham's thunderous drums and Jimmy Page's manic guitar can sound like catastrophe when they're blaring out of a stereo system at full volume. The album cover also manages to capture another side of Led Zeppelin though. With Hardy's treatment, the Hindenburg image becomes more abstract, a black and white phallus stretching out across the album, implying a deep sort of raunchy sexuality that's at the core of Robert Plant's entire persona. The use of Sheer's image is a complete subversion, taking a striking moment of tragedy and turning it into a raw celebration of noise and passion. A perfect fit for an explosive debut album. Led Zeppelin 1 helped Zeppelin along the way to rock superstardom, but their incendiary cover ended up getting them in a bit of trouble. In February 1970, Zeppelin were due to play a show in Copenhagen when they found themselves threatened with legal action from a wealthy aristocrat. That woman was named Eva von Zeppelin. She was a descendant of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, the man who invented airships and was the reason for their name. Eva von Zeppelin wasn't a fan of Led Zeppelin, calling them shrieking monkeys. She thought their band name was Slander to her family name, and that Slander was worsened by the fact that they had used the Hindenburg tragedy that spelled the end of the airship era as their album artwork. In the end, Zeppelin avoided this trouble by briefly renaming themselves the knobs for a gig. While it might have pissed off one aristocrat, the cover art for Led Zeppelin 1 was a roaring success. Hindenburg imagery quickly found its way onto merch, and a generation later the airship crash is indelibly tied to Led Zeppelin in the minds of many. Not bad for a band that was predicted to flame out and crash before they ever took flight. Led Zeppelin 1 wasn't the only time that a famous historical image graced the cover of an iconic debut album. In fact, it's not even the only time a famous historical image of a fire graced the cover of an iconic debut album. In 1991, Rage Against the Machine featured a famous photo of Buddhist monk Tutuan Duk setting himself on fire in protest. If you want to learn about that cover, I have a whole episode of cover stories on that exclusively on Nebula right now. I wanted to release that video to YouTube, but the realities of YouTube make it really hard to talk about subjects like war and protest without getting demonetized and buried in the algorithm. That's part of the reason why we made Nebula, so that we could create an experiment free from the restrictions of YouTube. But honestly, Nebula has grown to be so much more than that. It's a platform that's funding the creation of really incredible originals, including my own original Polyphonic Magazine, where I've been able to have intimate interviews with smaller artists. If you sign up to Nebula with the link in the description, you'll get 40% off an annual plan, and you'll also get access to Nebula classes, where creators will teach you how to create. Classes is a great resource for people who want to be creators, or just for people who want a peek behind the curtain. I've even got my own class up there if you want to check that out. Really, I gush about Nebula because it's a platform that I believe in, and a platform that has made my life way better as a creator. It's let me do things that I never would have been able to do on YouTube, and it's also given me a ton of great content to watch. So if you want to check it out, head on over to the link in the description. Following that link gets you a great deal on Nebula, and it also does a whole lot to support my channel. And hey, thanks for watching!


Hello everybody and welcome to the class. Well in our previous classes we have been doing a lot of things. We have done verbs in plain form and a lot of other information I have given you about festivals in Japan, about a lot of other forms in verbs. So well, today also we will continue in this class with verb forms. So, first and foremost we will do our assignments and let us see whether you have done them properly or not. So, the first assignment that I gave you was match group A with group B and make good sentences. So, these sentences are all jumbled up and you are to make proper sentences. Well, the first one is, anata no kurasu ni nan nin imasu ka? Nan nin, hiru gohan wa doko de tabemashou, doko de, place de, something o shimasu. Tanaka san wa rainen, kekkon shimasu a statement and Tanaka san wa rainen, kekkon shimasu ka is a question you can ask. Deri de nani wo kaimasu ka, deri de, place de nani wo kaimasu ka, sensei no kogi ga hajimari mashita. Ga over here is for emphasis, it is a statement. Anata no machi wa donna machi desu ka, donna question word which means which type of watashi no uchi wa okikute benri desu. So, when you join i adjectives with na adjectives, the first adjective will change, the i adjective will change to kute plus benri. Kono mondai wa kantan desu or kono mondai wa kantan na mondai desu. The moment you use na, the noun is going to follow. Ano akai tatemono wa nan desu ka? Ano over here is because you are pointing at the tatemono and the subject is known to the speaker and the listener both. Otaku kara kaisha made, donno gurai kakarimasu ka, approximately how much. So, this was your first assignment, I hope you did it correctly. Well, the second one is match kanji in group A with kanji readings in group B. So, the first one is hanashi, nihongo, chichi, one san, okasan or ha ha is also used, ha ha is another reading for the same character, tokyou, yomimasu, hairu or ireru, higashi and the same character is used in tokyou. You can see over here this character and this character is similar to readings, to and higashi. And then we have hidari, well, this is your kanji section for you. You can see each character will have minimum two readings, one the Chinese and one the Japanese reading. Then, choose the most appropriate word from the brackets, well, the first one is tokyou wa okimachi desu, watashi wa kinou, nihon no eiga wo mimashita, daigaku wa uchi kara toui desu, Rao san wa okasan ni, mainichi denwa wo shimasu. Nihongo ni over here is two, then isu no shita ni, nanimo arimasen shita ni with reference to something, Sora wa aoi desu, dare ni nihongo wo naraimashita ka, a question, dare ni from whom? Oto san wa mainichi uchi de ichi-jikan gurai shinbu no yomimasu, gurai is approximately. Well, I hope you did your kanji section properly, then change the passage to past form by replacing time expressions kyou for kino and verbs in past form. So, the first one is kino, well, this passage was given to you in your last class and all kyou have to be changed to past, all verbs in present form have to be changed into past form. The word is kino wa watashi no yasumi deshita, watashi wa departoe ikimashita, soko de kino atarashi shokki wo kaimashita, soko de over here is departo, soko de kino atarashi shokki is kattleri wo kaimashita, seiru ga atta kara fukumo kaimashita, fuku is closed, kino wa tenki ga yokatta, yokatta is past for ii desu, that is an exception, yokatta is past for ii desu. Sora mo kirei deshita, kara tomodachi to soto de gohano tabemashita, departo no chika ni, chika is basement, chika ni yume na chūka ryori no mise ga atta, chūka ryori is Chinese cuisine no mise ga atta, soko e ikimashita. Kino shūjin wa uchi ni imashita, kino wa nichi yobi deshita, kaisha wa yasumi deshita, musume mo dokoe mo ikimashita kara watashi wa yukkuri kaimono shimashita, kino tomodachi to issho ni takusan hanashi mo shimashita, hanashi over here is talked a lot to my friend. Well look at the picture and write the verb in past form, so sensei is leaving, kurasu ga owaru, past form is owatta. Someone is taking a bath, shawa wo abiru, shawa wo abita or abimashita, doing a lot of shopping, kaimono wo suru, kaimono wo shita, group 3. Choose the most appropriate word from the parenthesis, well, yubinkyoku wa doko ni arimasu ka? Wa and ni in a pattern, kino gokiro ringo wo kaimashita, gakko ni kodomo ga sen gohyaku nin gurai imasu ka, sen gohyaku nin, nin is the counter for people, gurai is approximately. Nande tegami wo kakimasu ka? With what? Tegami wo kakimasu ka?  None is used with numbers, nani with other things, so over here as it is a relationship isu no ue ni nani, what ga arimasu ka? Ni and ga is a pattern, none and nani both mean exactly the same, only where to use, nani and where to use, none has to be kept in mind. Donohon wa takai desu ka? Which one of the two or three books is expensive? Donohon is donohon and noun, which one of the number two or three? Dare kara nihongo wo naraimashita ka? Hea ni dareka imasu ka? Dareka is someone, daremo is no one, nani ka is something. Watashi wa departo de mikan wo kaimasen. Uchi no nikai ni sandai terubi ga arimasu, nikai ni place ni because arimasu is there, sandai is three terubi, number of tv's ga arimasu, ni and ga again a pattern, ni is used for arimasu over here. Well, in our previous classes, we have done verbs in plain form, so well. Today also, we will continue in this class with verb forms. We have done dictionary form of the verb, plain dictionary form of the verb. We have done negative form of the verb in mass form, we have done past plain form of the verb. So, now today the negative masen form we will do in plain form. Well, how it is made, how you will say it, how you will use it, I am going to do it here in class with you. Why we have to do this is very important because to be able to speak better Japanese, to be able to make difficult construction, to be able to say a lot of things that you would want to say actually in Japanese can be done by using this plain form of verbs. I told you earlier also that we use masen, masu, masuta, masen deshita which is the mass form in the end. So, to use verbs in between sentences, to join sentences, we require these plain forms. Because we will do these plain forms in our classes regularly and practice as well. So, the first one over here is ikimasen, ikanai. You could repeat after me and then I will tell you how it is made. Kaerimasen, kaeranai, aimasen, awanai, please see, where is there, kaimasen, kawanai, hakobimasen, hakobanai, migakimasen, migakanai, hashirimasen, hashiranai, hanashimasen, hanasanai, kakimasen, kikanai and arimasen is just nai. So, you could just go over it once again. I will tell you how it is made, ikanai, yoma nai, noma nai, awanai. Now, how do you make these forms? Well, all you need to do is to remove the masen from there. See, ikimasen, yomi masen, nomimasen, aimasen. All you need to do is to remove imasen and put anai. Imasen, put anai and aimasen, imasen again over here and in this case it is wanai. So, there are exceptions in group 1 which you have to keep in mind all the time and make your negative plane form accordingly. So, some of them are listed over here. You can practice them on your own at home and I am sure you will be very comfortable soon with the plane form. Now, how do you practice? Well, how do you use it? Tanaka san wa ega o minai. So, well, you could replace tanaka san as we have done a number of times with any vocabulary that you have studied in class earlier and use it like this. You can put okasan, otousan, imouto, sensei, tomodachi, anybody in place of tanaka san and then in place of ega, gohan, shimbun, okane, tegami and tomodachi and then in place of the verb which is given over here, you can put tabenai, yomanai, agenai, kakanai, nenai and awanai. Any of these over here, they are all jumbled up. You can use them any which way you want.  Then we have shimbun, tanaka san wa shimbun o yomanai, tanaka san wa okane o agenai. So, in this manner, you can use these verbs in nai form which is the plain negative and make n number of sentences, practice with your partner and feel more comfortable. Well, now what we have to do is this form where you would like to know or tell what you want to do which is the tai form of the verb which we are going to do right now. Umen kudasai. Irasshaimase. Nani wo age masho ka? Watashi no imouto no tanjoubi desu kara kabano kaitain desu. Okyaku san, kore wa dou desu ka? Chotto okii desu. Chisai no arimasen ka? Ah, kore wa ikaka desu ka? Ano, akai kabano arimasu ka? Ah, yokatta desu. Akai kabano arimasu. Kono kabano wa ikura desu ka? Koseien desu. Kono kabano kudasai. So well, what did you understand? There are a lot of new things here, lot of phrases, lot of forms. I am sure some of it is understood. Whatever is not, we will try to do it right away in class. So, the first one over here is, gomen kudasai. This is a new phrase for you, gomen kudasai is knock knock. Is someone there? Irasshaimase means welcome. Why we are using this is because we are here at a shop. Nani wo age masouka? We have done this form. Well, kabano kaitai desu. Well, this is a new form with a verb, how it is made, how it is used, we will do it a little later. For the time being, this means, I want to buy. Okyaku san, kore wa dou desu ka? How about this one? Chotto oki desu. It is a little big. Chisai no arimasenka? Do you have a smaller one? Ah, kore wa ikaga desu ka? How about this one? Ano akai kaban arimasu ka? Do you have a red bag? Ah, yokatta desu. Akai kaban mo arimasu. Oh, that is really good for you. I have a red bag also. Kono kaban wa ikura desu ka? Goseien desu. Ja, kono kabano kudasai. You have also done this phrase, so well, I will explain in detail now. This is your script, you have Kanji characters, you have Hiragana written over here. Well, there is no Katakana today, but well, I am sure you are quite familiar and you can distinguish the three now. And this is in English. What you would actually say in a situation like this? Not a literal translation of what is given in the kaiba. Well, the first expression that we did was, Gomen kudasai. Now what does it mean? When you go to someone's house, when you go to a shop or when you enter a room, what would you say? What would you do? Either you would say excuse me or you would knock over there and inquire as to is someone around? Is someone there? So, well, that is exactly what it is. Gomen kudasai. Gomen kudasai.  Gomen kudasai. And when you enter a shop, if no one is around, when you say, Gomen kudasai is someone around, so well, let us see what he is doing. Now, what would someone in a shop say to you? In Japan, well, irasai must say is one expression which means welcome, welcome to the shop. And also, when someone comes to your house, you would say irasai, you are welcome, please come inside. This is a common expression used in Japan to welcome someone. Over here, there is this lady, there is this gentleman, he is a customer, she is selling apples. So, what does she say now, after irasai must say is, well, let us see, Ringo wa ikaga desu ka? There was this expression in our conversation, Ringo wa ikaga desu ka? You have done, dou desu ka? How about whatever the noun, so this is a polite way of saying exactly that. How about some apples? Over here, as you can see, Ringo wa ikaga desu ka? How about some apples? Because this lady is talking to a customer, thus, she is not using dou desu ka, she is using ikaga desu ka and she has a lot of apples. She is showing the price of the apples as well over here and let us see what he has to say now, Ringo wa ikaga desu ka? For you once again and this man says, Mitsuringo wo kudasai. You have done this expression, o kudasai, this means, please give it to me or I am going to buy it. So, Mitsu is 3, you can see 3 fingers over here, so Mitsuringo wo kudasai, please give me 3 apples. This is a very common expression, irasai must say, when you enter a shop, so you should remember that. Now, as we were talking about Gomen kudasai, you can see over here, you can knock like this. Gomen kudasai, please may I enter your room or is someone around, is someone there wanting to know if someone is inside and the expression is, Gomen kudasai with a rising intonation, always. And only after you get a response from inside, you enter. So, what is the response? Let us see, let us see the response, well the response is dozo, dozo, dozo is an expression which says permission is given for whatever the verb is saying. For example, if you are eating or if you are going out or leaving a place, then the teacher could say, you are leaving your classroom for example, the teacher could say, dozo meaning you are permitted to leave, permission has been granted or for example, if you are about to eat, dozo meaning you are given permission to start eating or before an exam dozo, obviously it is for writing, you can start writing your exam. So, dozo can be used for anything for giving permission. As is here, this gentleman wants to enter and he is giving permission that you are allowed to enter now. Now, I explained this verb, agemasu and moraimasu to you in your previous class, agemasu and moraimasu. Very simply, I just introduced agemasu and moraimasu like any other verb, but this is very very important. Why it is important is because in Japan, your relationship with the person whom you are talking to, where you are placed is extremely important whom you are talking to. For example, if you are talking to your friend to someone who is your equal, you have different verbs. If you are talking to your teacher or to someone who is higher in rank or position or is older to you in age, also at that time you have to use a different verb. If you are receiving something from someone who is higher in rank or position or in age, then also you will use a different verb. So, for different situations depending on your relationship with the person, depending on where you are placed, the verb is going to change. We have two verbs over here, agemasu and moraimasu. Last time I just told you the verbs. This time I will tell you how to use them and what are the particles to be used and what is the meaning of those particles. Well, as is given over there, you can see, e wa binei ageru. As is given over here, you can see, e wa binei ageru, e wa binei ageru. A direct relationship over here, e gives to b, now e is the subject over here, e wa binei ageru. Any over here means two. You have done ni in different ways, ni with time, ni with date, ni with presence of objects at a certain point. Now, today we will do ni as in to give meaning two in English, e wa binei ageru, ai, ai a as in ai or you could have a as in tanaka san, a as ai, a as imoto, ototo, sensei anybody wa binei ageru to someone else, agemasu.  So, of course, b is over here like this, a receives from b, that is very, very important, a gives to b and a receives from b. The particle does not change in this case. This means from and in this case it is two, particle remains the same, only the verb changes. In this case, it is ageru, in this case it is mo rau or agemasu and mo rai masu. This is very, very important, please remember, it is given over here. e wa binei mo rau, example is e wa binei hon oage masu ta, a gave a book to b and e wa binei hon o mo rai masu ta, a received a book from b. So, it is very simple, ni is the particle to be used when you give or receive something from someone.  What does a give?  So, a receives something which is a candy in this case from this gentleman b, e wa binei candy o mo rai masu. I hope that now agemasu and mo rai masu is clear to all of you and you will be able to use it freely in your sentences. You can also practice now, you can see, a is giving something to b, so what is he giving? Let us see, watashi wa tomodachi ni prezento o mo rai masu ta, so as we are practicing mo rai masu over here, so well, a is this person and b is this person, e wa binei prezento o mo rai masu ta, so a over here in this case is watashi, so watashi wa b-san ni prezento o mo rai masu ta or mo ratta. We have done past plain form of the verb in our previous lesson, so well, mo ratta can also be used. Now we have another picture over here where Tanaka san is there with his family and he is giving something to his children, so what is it? Kodomo wa oto san ni omiage o mo rai masu ta. Tomo is kodomo tachi wa, they are getting something from their father, so ni over here is from. Of course, in these two cases you are getting something over here, what is this gentleman doing? Well, he is either ringing up or receiving a call, let us see what it is, goji ni tomodachi ni denwa o mo rai masu ta. I received a call from my friend, so it can also be for a call for a denwa. Now we have agemasu where again a is the subject, so what do we do? We have a picture over here of these ladies having a birthday party as the cake is there, so well, watashi wa tomodachi ni prezentou agemashita, so watashi wa is or watashi tachi wa, these two wa tomodachi ni to prezentou agemashita, I gave or we gave a present to our friend. This is a picture of Shogatsu in Japan. So let us see what it is, Shogatsu ni haha ni kimono wo agemashita. In Japanese, the subject is left out when you are having a conversation. So during conversation as subject is left out, watashi wa is not written over here, Shogatsu ni haha ni kimono wo agemashita, I is understood over here. So Shogatsu is time ni, again for time we use ni and haha ni over here for agemasu which is to kimono is your dress, something that you wear and of course the traditional dress of Japan is kimono which is this. So now we have another picture over here, this is a picture of this small girl going to school. So this is entering school, first time in April which is a very big event in Japan, joining school that is and what do we have to say, niugakushiki ni kodomo ni kaban wo agemashita. Kaban is bag wo agemashita, watashi wa niugakushiki ni kodomo ni kaban wo agemashita. So well this is how you will use agemasu and moraimasu and ageta is as you can see over here is plain form for agemasu. Now there was something else also in your conversation which we will cover right now. This is a very nice form, the tai form of the verb, it is very simple to make for group 1 and group 2 both, group 3 as well ikimasu tabemasu yomi masu nomimasu agemasu. So well this is a jumbled up group 1 and group 2, just remove masu from all and put tai instead. So verb plus tai means, I want to do something and that something is whatever the verb is saying. So well you can practice now, you can see over here it is very clear, Rao san wa nani wo tabetai desu ka, watashi wa indorori wo tabetai. We can practice like this, Watashi wa ega wo mitai, group 2 ni masu, remove the masu and put tai over here, so mitai, I want to see a film, I is over here. In place of this you can put anything, Tanaka, any name, Imoto, Mariko san, Tanaka san, any of these, Tanaka san wa ega wo mitai, Tanaka san wa gohan wo tabetai, Tanaka san wa piku ni ku eiki tai. So you can use it for, you can use it with anything like this and make sentences, you can use a ka over here in the end and have a small conversation, ask and the answer can be given as is given over here. Rao san wa nani wo tabetai desu ka, watashi wa indorori wo tabetai. Indo is India and ryori is Kyuzin as you have already done. So you have in place of Rao san, Sensei, Oka san, Tomodachi, Imoto and then in place of tabetai in blue as is given over here, you have mitai, shitai, yomitai and kaitai and in place of indorori, ega, yasumitai, shousetsu, kutsu. Any of these you can use, talk to your friend, do simple conversation, ask and get an answer. Now, let us see what we have next. Well, there is a small practice, there are lot of words all jumbled up, the sentences are not made. These are all jumbled up words over here and you have the verb form intai over here. You can make different combinations, you can add the vocabulary for watashi or tanaka san or any of that, you can add any name you can put over there and then you can make a sentence, tanaka san wa juus o nomitai, tanaka san wa mirku o nomitai, tanaka san wa fuku o kaitai. As is given over here, watashi wa gohan o tabetai, watashi wa mirku o nomitai, watashi wa shawo o habetai. I am sure this is interesting, you can make a lot of sentences, you can do a lot of conversation and you will feel comfortable with this form. It is a daily conversation form which you will use for talking to anybody inquiring about their daily schedule or inquiring about what they want to do. So, you could use this tai form. Now, as we always do, we will do kanji over here today. Let us see what is the first character, ageru. You have done this word ageru just now, ageru and you have also done this word ue. If you remember in one of your previous lessons, you have done this word ue. So, what is the character for ue? Well, one, two and three. The same character is for ageru which means to give, so one, two and three. The character has been done, you just need to use it for this word also. This is a three stroke character as we did earlier, agemasu to give. Well, there is another character over here which is au, one, two, three, four, five and six. So, it is a six stroke character meaning to meet. Now we will see how they have been made. So, you can see it is a Chinese character as we all know and in ancient China, just to show that it is on top, a small dot would be put as a pictogram and it meant it is on top. Later on, this developed into this. So, you can see over here it is a three stroke character, that is how it has come into being which means ageru or ue and then there is this character au, it is a six stroke character and you can see from here with people over here, it means to gather or to collect. So, gather together like this under a roof and meet is what is the meaning of the character which is au over here. So, you have people meeting under a roof collecting like this and basically enjoying or talking or doing whatever. Now, as I had promised to you earlier and we have done one festival of Japan, I will again tell you today about something that happens in Japan during this period. So, it is a festival, it is a nice festival, it is a colorful festival and it has lot of meaning and importance as well. Now, what is the festival? The festival is Hinamatsuri as you can see and there is lot of things written about Hinamatsuri, you can go on the net, you can check it out, there are interesting things about Hinamatsuri given on the net, there are lot of pictures which I will show to you, the links are given, you can go and see them yourself. Well, this Hinamatsuri is a very popular festival, it is a special day which is celebrated in Japan on the 3rd of March every year. As you can see, it is written over here, it is a festival of color, it is a festival of gaiti, of merry making, enjoying with friends and family and it has a lot of meaning also. In olden times, in ancient times in Japan, this festival would represent the imperial court, the king and the queen, the emperor and the empress would actually be celebrating this festival this day with their courtiers, their attendants, their friends, their family, their children and as I told you last time, this month of March is the Hanami month where the cherry blossoms bloom and the whole of Japan watches cherry blossoms and enjoys the spring after a very harsh winter. So, in ancient times in the somewhere around the 8th century in the Heian period, this system, this custom started where the imperial family, where the royal family would watch the cherry blossoms with their friends and their family and they would enjoy the spring season in this manner. Today, in Japan, this festival, this watching of Hanami, the watching of Sakura blossoms or the Ume blossoms which began long back is celebrated also as the girls day in Japan. And there are a lot of things that are done, it is lot of festivity, lot of gaiti, lot of merry making, partying, it is very colorful and what they do is, they decorate these Hina dolls, these Japanese dolls and beautifully, it depicts the royal court and I will show you the pictures right now.  This festival actually originated or started somewhere in ancient China, long, long back and the reason why it actually started was that the Chinese would make paper dolls or dolls made out of cloth and the reason why they were made was to actually transfer all ill fortune or all sins of the family or whatever bad was happening, whatever disease was there in the family into the dolls and then the dolls were taken out of the house and sort of immersed in some water body which could be a lake or a river or a pond or anything and they would take away all the ill fortune or the disease from the family and then good fortune would come to the family. So that was basically how the festival started. There are number of beliefs, number of customs that are followed and these dolls are displayed beautifully but the most interesting part that happens in the belief or the custom that is there is that if you display the dolls after the third of March as is believed in Japan and in China, the girls in the family get married a little late. So, generally after the third of March, all of this is removed and everything becomes normal so that things are alright in the family and naturally on this day, they give their daughters, their girls, they wish them well and they give them lot of money, lot of clothes and always wish well for them. It is a nice festival because they celebrate girls on this day which is very very important. It is a girls day, it is a dolls day and it is celebrated all over Japan with lot of festivity and lot of colour, happiness and merry making. So, well you can see over here, this is Hinamatsuri where the girls decorate everything and they serve whatever is being made at home to the emperor and empress.  It is a court scene and they sit over here with their family, with courtiers, with musicians, all goodies, all food that is served to them and they enjoy the sakura season and the sakura you can see is right here and it is enjoyed by them. It can be simply done on a small scale, can just have these two and not the courtiers depending on how much space you have, how much you want to do. And it could be done in a big way like this where everything is decorated and shown. This is a scene of temple where on the steps they are decorated and displayed and you can see the sakura flowers over here and it can be done simply like this. Now in recent times, we have the kitty character which is very popular. It is decorated as a ningyo, as a doll and with all these nice Japanese sweets they are served and they are decorated in their houses in small places. Over here also you can see all neko-chan is there, neko-chan is the cats and they are considered very auspicious. This is a typical Hina ningyo and these dolls are decorated with lot of color and lot of good clothes. So this is about Hina Matsuri, you can look up the net, you can see there are lot of beliefs, I have just told you about one, there are lot of customs that are followed, you can see and you can learn more. Some words with Kanji characters are there, Gakkai, Kokkai, Kaisha, Shakai, Nobori Densha, Toshi Ue. So these words you can see, look up the meanings, the meanings are given of course, you can still look them up and see what it means. And there is vocabulary, you can do this vocabulary at home and practice making sentences with these words. Well, now my work finishes as always and you have your assignments, you have your shukudai which you need to do. As we do, you have to match group A with group B, then tick the correct option over here, fill in the blanks with proper interrogative words. You have to use verbs over here, clues are given, the words are given in English, use those in Japanese, make sentences, Japanese sentences from here, translate these into Japanese. And now you have this conversation here, please fill these three blocks with words, time expressions over here, you have verb forms over here and then you can put in your nouns accordingly. So you can try this at home, do these assignments and these will help in conversation. So well, we will finish over here today and hope that you will do all of this at home properly and we will be able to do more in our next lesson. Well, till then, thank you very much, arigatou gozaimasu and mata ima shou.