I'm Zeke and welcome to the dream green show in this episode I'm gonna show you guys how I make money when the stock market is pulling back I'm going to show you guys three different strategies that I use to make a profit in the market that is decline And so over the last couple of days over the last week The market has been showing a little correction after having a big long run up It's starting to pull back and people are getting scared And we're gonna take full advantage of people getting scared in the market and make profits what they lose So make sure you stick throughout the entire video So you don't miss out on any of the strategies that I'm about to show you guys Going ahead and hit that thumbs up button and helps out this channel more than you can even imagine and also hit subscribe And that notification bill by hitting that notification bill that helps out my channel way more than just hitting the thumbs up button and Subscribing so try to hit that bill. But before we dive into it This video is brought to you by Weebu signed up now by clicking the link down in the description Deposit just five dollars now and you can receive two free stocks value up to $1,800 with those two free stocks You could keep them inside of the platform and decide to use it or you can sell those two free stocks and redraw all of your money It's literally free money and right now is the deal ends I think July 20 of just depositing five dollars So you might want to take full advantage of this opportunity while you can also Coinbase Coinbase is by far the easiest way to buy and sell cryptocurrency both of those links are down in the description But enough talking let's go ahead and dive straight into this video Welcome back dreamers here. We are inside of my Robin Hood account right now I'm sitting around fifty seven thousand dollars on the day. I am down almost a four percent five hundred and sixty one dollars And on the week I am down four point four percent down two thousand six hundred and eighty dollars So yes, like I said earlier the market has been pulling back But I'm gonna show you guys how I recuperate some of that money And actually sometimes turn a profit while the market is pulling back the first two ways I'm show you is probably the safer rays You can actually make money when the market is pulling back and in the third way I'm gonna show you you can actually make Unlimited amount of money while the market is pulling back But it's a little bit more riskier and let me go ahead and show you guys one of the ways that I utilize Right now to make money while the market is pulling back and that is me by selling cash to cure puts So here we are on tick-asemble SPY SPI checks the Fortune 500 companies in America So over the last week is down 1% like I said the market has been pulling back So to sell cash to cure puts you need 100 shares of a certain company So let's hit trade and trade options This is an option strategy and we want to go out to next Friday, which is July 23rd Now to sell cash to cure puts you want to click on sale and then call This is us already owning 100 shares of SPY or any company you have to already own 100 shares of these companies in order to sell cash to cure puts So let's say on July 23rd, which is next Friday we're already on 100 shares of SPY and we know the market has been pulling back and We do not think that SPY is going to be above $432 right now the share price is $431 and 34 cents as it shows right there And since we know the market has been pulling back It's been it could recover by next week But it's showing signs of pulling back and we don't think the market is going to go up We could sell we could sell this cash to cure put at $432 and collect a profit over there of $2 and 76 cents per share And you have to sell 100 shares. So that's 276 dollars. So we'll make 276 dollars if we pick this one So we'll make 276 dollars if we pick this one and just a week if the price of SPY is below $432 and let me show you a real-life situation. I own 100 shares of AMD So let me show you guys why I did with AMD. I did it a little bit differently. So let's go over to AMD Here it goes right here. Let's click on view AMD So I already own 100 shares of AMD my average cost is $59 and 39 cents So just keep in mind. I own 100 shares at $59 and 39 cents So so what I did I went out much further than a week when AMD had a really high price of around $95 I did it a while ago. I hit trade options and then I went out maybe a couple of months I went all the way out to August or September and then I did a cash secure put So if you just wanted to do a week, you'll go out to next Friday I own 100 shares at $59 and I think AMD is gonna go down. I'll pick the 87 call I'll pick the 87 call and I'll make a hundred and fifteen dollars if it's below 87 dollars by next Friday I will make 115 dollars But let's just say AMD do go up from 85 dollars all the way up to 88 dollars Just remember I did pick up 100 shares at $59 So I will make all of that profit from $59 all the way up to 87 dollars and I would be forced to sell 100 shares at $87 if it does go above 88 dollars, but we're expecting the market to pull back It's been pulling back for a while. So this will be us Expecting the market to pull down if it if it's below 87 dollars by next Friday I would keep my 100 shares and also the 115 dollars will be created to my account. I made it already But let me show you my real-life situation I did a very long call out on AMD aspiring in October. I said that it wasn't gonna be above 100 I said that it wasn't gonna be above 95 dollars had a 95 call strike and right now I am up 63 percent on me selling that covered call on AMD right now So while the price has been pulling back, I am in profit of 501 dollars so I could sell it right now and take the $500 profit But I do think it's gonna pull back just a little bit more and then I could collect the even bigger profit if AMD do Pull back just a little bit more by next week. So that is option strategy number one is by selling cover calls the second way Let's just use AMD again This is trade options and go out a week. The second way is cat is selling cash secure puts This is us. We don't have 100 shares of AMD, but we would like to own 100 shares of AMD So let's say right now AMD is at 85 dollars. We're not comfortable buying AMD at 85 dollars But we do expect the market to pull back We always wanted shares of AMD and we will be comfortable of buying AMD Let's just say at 84 dollars or let's say 83 dollars and 50 cents right here We will be comfortable buying 100 shares at 83 dollars and 50 cents So if AMD stays we'll click this one and we'll be credited to our account right immediately 73 dollars remember it's 100 shares or 73 cents times 100 is 73 dollars So we'll be created it immediately 73 dollars and that will hold 8,350 dollars in collateral just in case AMD pulls all the way back to 83 dollars and 50 cents So let's say AMD do pull back, but it only pulls back to 84 dollars by the end of the week We will still they will release our collateral back to us We would hold on to our 8,350 dollars and we will still be able to keep keep our premium of 73 dollars So that is us making profit without even having to buy stock while the market was pulling back But let's say AMD continues to pull back and it does pull all the way back to 83 dollars and 50 cents you will be forced to buy 100 shares of AMD at 83 dollars and 50 cents, which is what we wanted anyway. We wanted 100 shares of AMD But we got paid 73 dollars to buy 100 shares of AMD So we still turned the profit they paid us 73 dollars to buy AMD at 83 dollars and 50 cents So that is the second way that we can make money while the market is pulling back is less risky because we're either holding on to our stocks Making profits while we're holding on to our stocks are buying stocks at a cheaper price and Robinhood are your brokerage paying us to buy these stocks at a cheaper price now If you confused on any of this, I'm gonna leave a link right here that goes into details about the real strategy That's all that is is the real strategy. I'm gonna leave that link right here down into this I'm gonna leave that link right here. If you clicked up there somewhere. It should be right there Now the more risk you ate and make money with unlimited gains will be to buy Puts now buying puts is us betting that a stock is gonna go down The price of the put is right down the right. So let's say we're using AMD. We think AMD is gonna go down to 84 dollars. We'll buy this one right here. It's gonna cost us 84 dollars To big this put for AMD on Friday if AMD falls down below 84 dollars and continue to fall down to 80 dollars 70 dollars Then we're gonna make a ton of boat tunnel money. In fact, it's unlimited So let's say we're thinking that AMD is gonna be below 85 dollars and 50 cents by the end of the week We click that one for 144 dollars. We want to buy one. Let's look at the charts right here If AMD stays at 84 dollars and six cents We'll break even but if AMD falls our profit is unlimited our max profit would be around 8406 dollars. That's if AMD goes all the way down to zero and our max loss will be 144 dollars, that's how much it will cost us but our max loss is 144 dollars But as long as AMD keep falling and right now the market has been pulling back If you think the market is gonna continue to pull back the more it falls the bigger profit we had So if it pulls all the way back to 83 dollars, we'll make a profit of 106 dollars If it pulls back to 82, we'll make a profit of around 170 ish dollars guys So we can make a lot of money by doing the buy put way That is that is us betting that the stock market or the AMD stock is just going to go down And we can make a max profit from that This is us buying out of the money is if you go down below the strike price That means AMD is not currently at this strike price. It's actually above it This is us buying out of the money, which is cheaper. That mean on expiration date It better be below the 84 50 price if that is the one you pick or else you're going to lose your money And up here, this is us buying in the money is going to be more expensive But then again, here goes the break even prices over here. Let's say we picked the 88 AMD is already at 85 80 and now all we need to to do is go down a couple of cents Not even a full dollar and we'll make profit, but it's going to cost 296 dollars. The break even is 85 dollars And the higher we go, let's say we want to be super into money And buy a 93 put then to break even AMD would actually have to go up 0.02 percent for us to Lose money But if we thinking that the market is going to pull back then it could pull back and we can make a ton of Money from AMD that way. So there we go dreamers that is three different ways You got your cash secure cause i mean you got your cash cover cost your cash secure puts In a short in the stock by buying puts on Stocks expecting that the prices go down That is one way that those are three different ways that you guys can make profits While the market is actually putting back the fourth way bonus for you guys that stay to the end of the video Is by buying the dip by us buying more stocks as the price is Going down then it will take us less time to make a profit while the price starts to recover because if we only bought stocks on When there was at the highest point Performance at its best then we won't make it much profit if we was buying stocks when the stocks had some bad news Or the market was pulling back and we bought those stocks at the low point So that's another way that we can make profit in the stock market Is when the stocks pull back we actually buy the dip or it's called dollar cost averaging in Dollar cost averaging in just means that either you're but you're buying the stock on a given day every single week Let's say every monday you invest a hundred dollars whether the price is real high or the price is real low You're gonna buy a hundred dollars worth of this stock every single monday That is called dollar cost averaging in you're not putting a large large sum of money in only on green days And you're not only putting in a large sum of money on red days You are actually just dollar cost averaging in which averages out the price of the stock that you're interested in buying But let me know which strategy down below in the comment section Which one was your favorite down in the comment section and i'll be sure to check those out or If i get a lot of the same comments i'll actually do a live I'll actually do a live trading session on one of the ocean strategies For you guys to keep up with and that we could follow and i can walk you guys Do one but other than that before i end this video make sure you pick up your two free stocks By the gist of positing five dollars into weeble don't miss out on that amazing opportunity to get your two free stocks But other than that i'm zeke bring you to dream green show and i'm out. Peace


Hi, so what happened is I had a conversation that was a follow-up to the video that I made about Having an explosive child and I wanted to interview an expert to get their perspective on what we could be doing differently and possibly better for our kids and initially when I did this conversation I did it by myself but as Making videos sometimes does the audio didn't come through then I thought to myself It's actually for the best because for me to be having a conversation about my kids that my kids being present is kind of rude So we're going to re-film the conversation that I had with Jess the questions I asked her but this time With the people that I asked her about being present does that sound good? So this is Ryu this is Ziya now meet our expert Jess I am a registered psychotherapist from Canada and I run the page nurtured first nurtured first is all Supporting parents caregivers educators. We share parenting resources and tips and support for all different struggles with kids behavior all the way to parents mental health and I just live and breathe this material. I also have three young girls myself I have a one-year-old a three-year-old and a six and a half year old so Parenting talking about child behavior is my life and I love it And so I'm really pumped to be here with you today This video is brought to you by Squarespace an all-in-one website platform for entrepreneurs to stand out and succeed online Whether you're just starting out or managing a growing brand Squarespace makes it easy to create a beautiful website or Engage with your audience and or sell anything from products to content to time all in one place all on your terms Go to Squarespace comm slash Shambhudi to start your free trial No credit card required and when you are ready to launch Make sure you go back to Squarespace comm slash Shambhudi because that is how you get 10% off the purchase of a website or a domain So right right go Zai Okay, so right Jess is not only a therapist who works with kids and specializes in working with kids She also has three kids of her own so I asked her to describe her three kids And then I thought about how I would describe my two kids So first I wanted to ask you how would you describe yourself? You are very generous. That is true How else would you describe yourself here comes as I do want to share with Ziya? You do Yes, not very adaptable. That's also how I would describe you Ziya I would describe you as very warm and caring very adaptable very flexible Very easy going Not as Independent although you're doing a bomb-ass job right now. Look at this one-year-old Zipping down the slide. You need a little help though, right? Go Zai Zai My oldest I would describe her as me but better so she She is so similar to me in so many ways and when I see her I think of myself as a child She has she cares so deeply. She's incredibly wise some of the things I'll share sometimes some of the things that she says to me and people won't believe it They're like there's no way a six and a half year old said that and I'm like well You just have to meet her like she's so wise. She's such a deep thinker She struggles with worry and anxiety and I recognize that Because I really struggled with that as a kid She has this deep craving to be good and to be in good relationship with us And I remember feeling like that as a kid. So she's very similar to me my second child She is our firecracker. She is From the day she was born she was loud but she just has this loud energy to her very strong willed but smart and Kind and sensitive and in tune with things a lot of other kids aren't So I love her my third is one and a half and Scott describes her Described her the other day as a golden retriever and I just thought that was the best description I had ever heard of her. She's just sweet. She's a third baby. She's so happy Everything anyone does is just a smile and just oh, okay Like she's just happy go lucky And I feel like I'm still getting to learn her because and I know you have a child the same age And it's fun this age because I feel like you're just kind of getting to know the essence of who they are So yeah, I really love this age Yeah, so that's a really quick description of the three I think that parents can reflect on that question especially if they have multiple kids and think about how can I Support my unique child and not necessarily have this blanket approach to parenting But think about your each child and the needs and concerns and issues like my oldest for example with worry My second daughter doesn't struggle with that and she's three and a half and by the time my oldest was three and a half She was already waking up with nightmares and she was waking up She would be really worried and deeply concerned about like something happening in her life And I mean for her 2020 happened right in that time So I think that there's a big piece of that there as well But my second daughter doesn't think about that but she has huge explosive meltdown So I think it's really important to think about the uniqueness of all your kids because it can help you parent them In a way that works best for them right off the bat what you said about your two kids and they're two different personalities I think should be talked about and I think that's temperament and so there is Three different temperaments that had kids are born with and there's actually a lot of research on this topic And so one of them is This like active temperament and that's what it sounds like your oldest child has and my middle child has this active temperament too and alongside of that can be this this deeply Sensitive kind of nature so it sounds like she might be and again This is not like a clinical diagnosis or anything But she might be highly sensitive and have more of this active temperament And so one of the the telltale signs of that is that when they're babies, they're loud They're crying more than maybe their siblings did they have a harder time to settle and then as they move into the toddler years They can get really easily overstimulated They can be Overwhelmed by let's say you are having a big feeling yourself like you're feeling really Upset or grumpy and then they just feel that like they can latch on to that My oldest daughter was a more mild temperament and it's exactly like you described where she's very easy going She she was easy even as a toddler. She sometimes had tantrums, but honestly, they were they were never too bad And so I thought to myself, oh, you know, I must be nailing this whole parenting thing Like obviously, I know exactly what I'm doing, you know And then my second daughter came around and I was doing the exact same parenting tools that I literally teach to parents all of the time and It was different the response from her was different from the moment we brought her home. She was loud She was busy. She had a hard time settling her body if the environment was over Over-stimulating like even the TV show is too loud She'd have she'd have a meltdown and it took me a while to Start to see in her that she did have this active temperament And I agree with you that shifting your mindset because I know you were talking about the language of explosive children or Maybe defiance shifting your mindset I think is the first thing for for you or for any parent that has a child of that temperament to Remember that the child is not bad and it's not that they're trying they're out to get you But they might require a different a different type of parenting to really help them work through those meltdowns So I have a question for you when you say that ryu is Having a hard time having big meltdowns. Maybe doesn't want to listen. What does that look like?  Let's make a cake come here.  Yeah, ryu's meltdowns if you can't find a solution that she thinks is Better or equivalent to her idea can last a long time. They can get Pretty aggressive I'm pretty loud and they can be very frequent. I will say that that they can Be minutes apart. Sometimes you'll go through days where you only have one or two, but there are days where they're Every ten minutes for kids who are strong willed or have as we call it And this is a term coined by one of my favorite researchers who's Gordon Neufeld is this counter will and so basically to describe Counter will is you ask your child to do something like get on a schedule and your child immediately has this This counter will just says no, I'm not gonna do that And so it can feel like as a parent every time you say something or you give them a direction There's this this will that's like pushing against everything that you say and it sounds like that's the case for her and and that daycare as well, so One of the things that we really want to look at is how can we include her in the plan? Even for Scott like he was that child and he sees that in our child too And and I remember like we had this conversation of wow we yeah When we look at our child and we think about maybe how our parents would have navigated that would been like well We want to we want to crush that out of them or we we want we can't have them This is disrespectful this behavior is disrespectful So I think it makes a lot of sense that that you tried those approaches And I think I have a ton of grace for parents who have because that's what we've been taught to do so one of the things that I really think about in terms of all children is Building the solid relationship first and I know especially for active children who maybe were coliki as a baby It can be really hard to even open yourself up to that relationship at times because They are so difficult and it can be really triggering for us And I'm just wondering for you as you Approach like when you went from that baby time when she's like screaming as a newborn She's always upset. You're like the sky is blue and life is beautiful. Why are you upset? To a toddler who's having a lot of tantrums. How did it feel for you? And if this is too personal, I totally understand too How did it feel for you to try and build that relationship with her when you were having so many of those barriers? Like the tantrums and the crying and all of that How is Ryu and I's relationship? How's our relationship, baby? I think that we are utterly obsessively, passionately, absolutely, positively, certainly in love. I think that we're super in love What's wrong? Come on Why you hurt? Your lips hurt Did you get the sand? I've been in love with you and obsessed with you from the moment that you came into this world and you've been exactly the same this whole time For better or worse We're in this together You want to go look in the mirror? Okay, go stick in the mirror That's what I was saying to you guys I recently used Squarespace to purchase a site for our professional emails and for our production company And then I also used that same website their domain shared entertainment comm to start their appointments feature Which has been a game changer for me I thought I needed an assistant at one point, but this just makes it so easy to manage now Squarespace provides everything You need to manage your business to accept secure payments to send automatic reminders And of course to beautifully showcase your services and more using their website platform But it's so much more than that and speaking of beautiful you really have to check out their fluid engine This is their next generation website design system that allows you to unlock Unbreakable creativity from your browser or do it all from your phone Lastly, if you have been considering doing merch like I have and top of next year y'all hold me to it I really think I should do this. I think that I've got some interesting things to share with the world That's me saying it Squarespace can help you do that They can actually help you to design your products handle production inventory and shipping again when we think I want to do it But I don't know how or with who see if Squarespace can fill that gap for you again e-commerce I can go on and on about their services So if any of this has piqued your interest go to Squarespace comm slash shambhudi to start your free trial No credit card required for this just play around see what's options What's available for you and when you decide you want to launch what you have made in your free trial Go to Squarespace comm slash shambhudi and get yourself 10% off the purchase of a website or a domain Yeah, I think that that that speaks a lot to the common experience to of we're really close But then it's also hard at times to be a leader and so I think the strong willed active kids They they need those two things and it sounds like you have the relationship Like you have that unconditional love and intimacy which makes total sense And they need a leader and I think the leadership part can be the really tricky part because Strong-willed kids or active kids they act like they want to be the leader So they try and tell us what to do and they try and tell us How to operate and then I think what can often happen and I'm not saying this is the case for you But I know even in our own home is that we become afraid of their emotions And we become afraid of their meltdowns or their tantrum So we kind of let them take the lead But that responsibility is a lot for them and I know I'll give an example I see that with my three-year-old she'll come home from school and she's so Disregulated usually by that time by the time she comes home from daycare because she's exhausted. It's been a long day She's had to be The best version of herself all day and by the time she gets home She's ready to meltdown and and kind of explode it for lack of a better word, which is okay But sometimes I'll do things that she says just to try and avoid the meltdown Which will inevitably happen anyway, and then I'm putting her in a position of leadership And I'm taking myself out of that position and it can be really tricky then to get back into a position of leadership So a few ways that we can get back into the position of leadership with kids One of them is if you know that they have not had a meltdown yet or that that might happen It's even welcoming the tears before they have an explosion So for my daughter when she gets home from school and this feels really counter-intuitive I'll know that she basically has to have a meltdown She has to release these tears that she's held in all day before she can move on and have her snacks So I will get down on her level and I'll say to her ha I'm like you had a big day at school How is your school day? What what happened today and I'll try and give her a hug and I'll try and co-regulate and And give her space to have tears or talk about her day before she moves on and I know for a lot of parents It's like what you want them to cry, but tears is one of the most important things that kids need So that can be one one way that we can take the leadership role The other way is we can help them Come up with you're talking about schedules, so if they need to have a bit of a routine I like the idea of Building in routines versus schedules because I feel like for our active or strong-willed kids as soon as they're thinking to themselves Ah, I have to do this at 9 a.m. And then this at 9 15 It just becomes too much and then you're gonna get that counter will again and they're gonna fight back against you So I like to include them in the process as much as possible. I'm leading it I'm saying hey, we want to have a morning routine something that feels good for both of us because in the morning It doesn't feel good when I feel like I'm nagging you all morning So why don't we come up with a morning plan together and then I'll get my daughter to tell me What are the things that we do in the morning? Maybe you could remind me and I'll get her to tell me okay Well, we wake up and we'll write it down we wake up and then okay so we wake up what's next and then she'll tell me what's next we'll write it on the routine and Having her come in and help me with a plan that can be really helpful as well And then I'll give you one more insight and then I want to get your thoughts on if you think this would be helpful or not When you know what the next activity is coming or when you know You're gonna have to transition because it sounds like for Ryu. It's that Adaptability piece that can be really hard. I would either a give them a time not a warning But a notice or a reminder. Hey, we're gonna be moving to dinner time soon And I know that that's really tough because right now you're watching TV and TV is so fun So do you want to help me set a timer on my phone for 10 more minutes of TV time? Or do you want to just finish the rest of the episode? That's up to you How do you want to finish the episode or do you want to set a timer giving them choice and control and letting them know that? The next thing is coming while you're still in control like you're still in that leadership role that can be really helpful, too What just said about timers I definitely here We haven't really tried that yet a part of me kind of feels like shouldn't they respect your word versus like some arbitrary timer But it's worth giving a shot for the leadership part definitely hit home for me because Ryu in particular Gets already so frustrated all day long I try my best not to add to that frustration and to appease her which makes me wonder if I am failing her in being a leader But also learning how to be a specific leader that she needs is a learning curve. I I Always think of this this story and so this last spring my daughter my youngest my baby she was in the hospital for a few days and When I was in the hospital with her she had croup and she was she was so so sick It was really scary And when I was in the hospital with her every nurse said to me and you're so strong like how are you not crying and sad? And I was like, no, I've got this I've got this and I was just being like this strongest version of myself I was at the hospital with her because I had to be and then all of a sudden We're there overnight. It's a long night. I'm still being strong I'm almost being too strong where I'm being a little feisty to the nurses Like, you know, you better listen to me kind of thing And then the next day my mom walks into the hospital and she walks in she walks into the room And I just lose it like I just start bawling my eyes out. I'm so upset but it's because I finally was in the presence of someone that I felt safe with and I felt like I could fall apart with her and I always think about that and I mean That's my experience as an adult a grown woman with our children and I think that when they're at school all day, they hold it together so well and they bump their toe or they have to share their toy or Like you were talking about routine and schedule They have to stop playing with something fun to go play with something else and they have to hold it in And then the second they get home They're with you and they feel safe and they're in that intimate relationship with you and they can finally let it go But sometimes letting that go for kids because they don't have the ability to regulate themselves looks like Screaming looks like explosive behavior. It looks like finally letting out all those nose that they had to hold in all day Like they couldn't tell their teacher no but they can sure tell you know a hundred times at night and so then we see that as bad and A lot of the times and then we can start to punish them for that which can just lead to some really Challenging kind of dynamics in the home Whereas if we can see that as ah, they're safe. They're letting out all this behavior They've been holding in all day. We can actually move through it a lot quicker I would try this while she's not actually having a challenging behavior or a meltdown in the moments that she's having a meltdown I would focus more on just helping her through it allowing her to release the feeling It may be reminding her of some of these pieces, but when you're just out in your day-to-day life I would just make observations So for example, I was in the grocery store the other day with my kids and there was a child who was melting down in the grocery store And so I just noticed it to them and I said hey Did you see that that little boy was having a meltdown? Hmm I wonder what was going on for him And I wonder do you think it was okay that he was hitting his mommy during a meltdown? Like do you think how do you think that made the mommy feel and then we even had a chance to see it in action So I said, oh, do you notice like everybody else's face when they're noticing that this little boy is having a meltdown? Like what do you think that they're thinking and so we were able to just have this reflection on this situation That was happening in the grocery store when we are completely outside of the moment So it helped my child to see it from a different perspective And I think that that type of like really shame-free Language noticing people's reactions or even if someone was grumpy like I've had I mean I feel like I have all these experiences in the grocery store because I'm We live near a grocery store and I'm there pretty often with my kids But I feel like we saw this man an elderly man And he was just in a really grumpy mood And so that was another experience for them to to get curious about why someone might be in a grumpy mood in The grocery store and and is it okay to be grumpy? Yeah, it totally is okay to be grumpy Is it okay to be mean to people when you're grumpy? No, and and why not? How did that make the other person feel so? I think what you're on to is this idea of you want your daughter to be able to start to notice Interactions with people that she's having in the world and and how things make other people feel which I think is really important And I think in the moment when you're trying to do that if she's already flooded with emotion Like so if she's already having a huge meltdown or really overwhelmed I think it it might be too much for her to process in that moment So it might not be the most effective use of the tool because she her brain can't really think logically yet at that time so having a lot of words or a lot of demands on her Might make her just more overwhelmed and have a meltdown for longer We use a phrase at nurtured first which is called teach them when they're teachable And that's kind of exactly what I've been describing here and that phrase is basically in when they're having meltdowns They're not teachable their brain actually can't access logic and reasoning So the best time to teach them is when they're calm Yeah, I'm on the phone. Just having a little chat I'm having a little chat. Do you want some olive oil? Yeah, yeah, come here munchkin All right, come say hi baby watch a little footsies Something that I've definitely been struggling with is Ryu and Ziya's relationship Which has its moments But there's definitely a lot more moments where their relationship is contentious and in some cases dangerous What do I do as a parent to not make them resentful of each other because every time they're together someone gets in trouble Yeah, I mean so many things I could share I'll share a couple that might be really helpful for you First off, I think in the sibling dynamic it can be really difficult But they the younger sibling and the older sibling really needs the parent to take that leadership role So when you're seeing if if your oldest is trying to hurt the baby or snatch toys from the baby She your oldest is she's still little She's just three her brain doesn't have the ability to again think logically through these things like oh if I take the toy Then my sister's can be mad and I don't want my sister to be mad or if I hit my sister That's not very nice So they really need you to come in and act as that logical brain And so sometimes that can just look like saying hey, I can't let you take that toy for your sister I'm gonna need you to find another toy here. Let me help you let's find another toy that you can play with and then maybe she's really upset about that and then it's allowing that feeling and Yeah, doing that in a really shame-free way, which can be really difficult I know that I've struggled with that as well because my middle child and my baby have Have had a similar kind of dynamic that can be really difficult to walk into as a parent but really what they need to know is that when they aren't able to control their impulses like when my Middle child was not able to stop herself from hitting her baby sister She really needed to know that I would step right in right in the middle of the two of them and say I won't let you hit your sister and that was actually really loving even though She would have a tantrum about it or a meltdown because I know that at the end of the day She doesn't want to hit her sister and when she does she actually feels a lot of shame about it And that was something I wanted to say too about the active and sensitive kids They will often act as the kids that don't feel shame or that don't take things on super sensitively But my theory is that these are the kids who are the most sensitive and who are really really impacted by other people's emotions So sometimes I would just say I know you love your sister and I know you don't want to hurt her But it's really hard to control your body right now So I'm just gonna give you a hug until your body feels safe again things like that to just Get in the middle of the two of them and and give them that space could be helpful Does that feel like something that would be doable or how do you think they would respond to that? One of the things that I really tried to be mindful of is that With time Ryu seems to be getting more strategies and I think that we're It helps that we're definitely trying a lot of stuff But I also want to be mindful of not giving up on things too easily if I don't see The change that I want. Let's be honest. That's what it's really about. I don't really know. She could be perfectly happy The change that I want in her so that Patience and resilience and stick-to-itiveness to the principle something that I'm definitely trying to work on while also Keeping an open mind to other things that could work to bring more harmony More safety and more enjoyment to all members of the family while Acknowledging that each family member has a different definition of what that means. I Totally understand that I remember when my baby was born and my toddler had such a hard time and I just Remember nights and she wasn't sleeping well at the time. She was so sensitive She was so impacted but it came out in in hitting and trying to hurt the baby and trying to hurt me and having tantrums all The time and I remember thinking to myself because I've done this work now for so so long like just you just got to keep doing it You got to keep holding the boundaries Validating her feelings you got to keep giving her ways that she can have power. We haven't talked about that too much but when you have a Active child who has a lot of that counter will they need places where they can feel like they're in full control So I would give her jobs I would give her things that she could tell me what to do sometimes we play a game What that I call the kids are the boss where she would just for five minutes Tell me anything to do like walk backwards walk like a penguin act really silly And I would just do those things just to give her some power and I kept doing it and doing it And finally I would say maybe my husband Scott is here. Maybe six to eight months later We really started seeing the change. Yeah, he says yeah six to eight months later And now a year and a half later They have the most beautiful relationship, but it took time and I think that's what you're joking about the magic wand at the beginning It's it's not the easy answer, but it does really help, but it does take repetition And what I really think is important about our approach or any parenting approach that you can really trust Is that it falls back to that foundation of the unconditional love for your child? That relationship is the key the relationship is the most important thing So you have that unconditional love you have that relationship But then there's that leadership or that logic too And I think that that's the part that sometimes can get missed in an online parenting space where we Fall so much to the side of like validating the kids feelings and showing up for them that we forget that kids actually also Require us to be leaders and to say no and to have boundaries And so I think a parenting approach that you can really trust whether it's my page or someone else is someone who? Who really offers both perspectives and says yes relationship is the most important thing That's something I would always look out for in a parenting page And also children need us to be the leaders and that doesn't mean punishing or threatening or bribing them It means holding boundaries letting them know what the expectations are Giving them power and and being in that leadership role So I I hope that answers the question Those are the foundations and then the rest are like I have tons of other tips Like just like the kids the boss game that I just shared I have tons of other tips, but they all fall into those two things Say Jess Say Jess that was so helpful Where can people learn More about you Where can people find me they can find us at nurtured first I'm mostly on Instagram. I feel like I'm on my stories all day every day So you can come see what we're up to there the feed. There's tons of posts We also have an awesome website nurtured first calm that has blog Courses tool kits to do with your kids tons of resources for any parent or caregiver


Hi, everyone, I'm Kadeshia, and today we'll be looking at how to use GitHub's deployment protection rules with Sentry. I have director of developer relations, Sarah here with me from Sentry, who will show us how we can increase the reliability of our deployment pipelines with their new GitHub app. Sarah, over to you. Thank you, Kadeshia. I'm really excited to tell you a little bit about the Sentry GitHub deployment gates integration today. Here's the thing. We've become used to contributing to large code bases, collaboratively with not only multiple developers, but oftentimes multiple teams, and doing so quickly, shipping code quickly. The biggest risk here is that errors are also likely to be shipped quickly, and we need to, just as quickly as we ship that code, identify, detect, and fix those errors to help ensure that your code is performant and reliable while you're deploying code. Sentry and GitHub partnered to build a bridge between your CICD workflow and your favorite application monitoring tool, which is Sentry, of course. Sentry helps you detect new issues after a release, and with the deployment gate integration with GitHub, you can now use Sentry's monitoring insights in your deployment pipelines to automatically spot errors and revert bad rollouts. Before this integration, developers using GitHub would typically use the built-in environment protection rules to require a manual approval, delay a job, or restrict the environment to certain branches. There was no support for developers to create and implement custom rules that can be configured within their deployment workflows to safely promote deployments to production environments. Now, GitHub Enterprise Cloud and GitHub Server customers have an extensible way to create their own rules to control deployment workflows through deployment protection rules. By configuring these rules, you can set up quality gates on every deployment environment, stopping deployments that do not meet specific quality criteria. With the Sentry GitHub deployment gate integration installed, you can set up a rule that will block a rollout from continuing GitHub if a new issue is detected by Sentry in the release. Depending on how your pipeline is written, you can either prevent the rollout from expanding if an error is detected, or revert the deployment altogether. This capability can be especially helpful during a canary release when you're scaling up a rollout and need to immediately roll back the release if anything breaks. If there are new issues, the gate will be rejected. If there are no issues, the gate will be approved and the rollout will continue. In Sentry, you can look at the new issues count for a release within a project. If there are any within the configured time window, the gate will automatically be rejected. To get started, head to your Sentry organization settings and click on integrations. Search for the GitHub deployment gates integration, agree to the terms and conditions, accept and install the integration, sign into GitHub, and install the Sentry deployment gates application. From there, you just select the repositories that you want to enable. And in the repository settings for each of those repositories, click on environments in the left nav and select the environment to configure. Turn on the protection rule for this application and then save the settings. From here, you can trigger a new deployment. When you push this out to the repository, it will trigger the GitHub deployment workflow. You can also configure the wait times to see if there are any new errors before continuing the deployment. For more information on how to get started and how it works, you can check out the demo application, which is linked down in the description below. By integrating deployment rules with Sentry, you can stop worrying about the reliability of the release process and ensure that only high quality, thoroughly tested code reaches production. The result, better overall development lifecycle with fewer bugs, better testing, and more reliable code. Thank you, Sarah, for showing us how to make our deployment processes more robust with Sentry's new GitHub app. If you have questions about this feature, be sure to check out the GitHub community and leave us your comments and feedback. Like this video, share it with a dev who will find it helpful and subscribe to our channel so you don't miss any of our future videos. Until next time.


Okay, let's get started. Let's get started. This is the fun bit. This is the fun bit. Alright, two years ago I did songs for each person. Last year we did Haikus. This year it's interpretive dance. So the first topic is... I'm kidding, I'm not doing that this year. I'm kidding. I'm kidding. Calm down, sir. I'm not going to do it, I promise. Maybe later we can talk and we'll figure it out. No, this year it's Limericks. So the first talk is Can Rationality Be Taught? Daniel Dennett, Julia Galef, Barbara Drescher, Scott Lillianfield, and Ginger Campbell. And here we go. Ready? Dan, Ginger, Julia, Barbara, and Scott are about to tell you what they've got. The topic you see is rationality.  Please welcome to the stage Daniel Dennett, Julia Galef, Barbara Drescher, Scott Lillianfield, and moderator, Ginger Campbell. Trying to see if I can see everybody. Of course I can't. Well I'm really happy to be able to do a panel at the very beginning when everyone's fresh. So we're going to be exploring a pretty interesting idea of can rationality be taught. To start out with I'm going to ask my panelists to briefly answer, do they think yes or no? And if so, why? Just really briefly just to jump things off. And I think that since Daniel Dennett is probably an inspiration to all of us, we're going to let him go first. Thank you. Thank you very much, Ginger. As a philosopher you think I'd say yes, rationality can be taught. But then I look at my philosophical opponents. And these are professionals. And they say the most irrational things. And they can be remarkably impervious to arguments. So much so that I often say, and my colleagues say as well, I'm not trying to convince them of errors in their ways. I'm just trying to convince their students of their ways. In fact if, for instance, if John Searle started agreeing with me at this point, I'd be worried about his health. And I'll save to the next time I speak some interesting research that I think that bears on that. So roughly I would say to some small extent rationality can be taught. But much less than you'd think. And professional philosophers are a pretty good example of the limits of rationality. Do you want to pick the next most inspiring person, Ginger? I set myself up for that, didn't I? Well it must be Julia. Go ahead. Well the organization that I co-founded is called the Center for Applied Rationality. And we are founded on the premise that rationality can be taught to at least some extent, to at least the crowd of people who want to come to a workshop and learn rationality. Which might sound like a trivial claim but it actually isn't. I think that wanting, being interested in rationality and wanting to be better at rationality is a, maybe not necessary but certainly very helpful precondition but it doesn't actually get you that far in terms of being rational in your sort of day to day decisions and judgments. So that alone is a claim that I'm pretty confident in and one that I think would make a big difference if we're right about that. I think that we don't actually have a lot of direct, strong evidence yet in the academic literature about how exactly rationality can be taught. Nevertheless I am optimistic because of a whole bunch of other pretty compelling indirect evidence. Which maybe I'll save for later in the discussion. Barb? I'm not as optimistic as Julia is. I think I like the way that Dan put it that there are limits to it. So my short answer was yes and no. And I'm not an optimist at heart so I lean on the no a lot but of course I wouldn't be here and I wouldn't do what I do if I didn't think that we could teach it to some degree and to go into any detail I would have to go on and on about that. But I think there are things about, we have to break down rationality into what makes it different than things like critical thinking and intelligence and tease it apart which we have, there's lots of literature on so we can talk about that. And then talk about the parts of that that can be taught and the parts that I still try to teach but I don't know if I have a lot of hope for. Last but not least Scott. So I'm a psychologist by training and I actually teach a course on critical thinking, at least I did until a couple years ago and I sort of like Barb I wouldn't be in this business unless I thought it could be taught to some degree. And I do think it could be taught to some degree but I think the educational psychology literature gives us a little bit of reason for pause and I think for a call correct me, Dan may correct me, I think the first three words in his intuition pumps book are thinking is hard. And it is really hard, it does not come naturally and I think, and I can say more about this, but I think if there's one finding at least in my reading of the educational psychology literature that's consistent it's that critical thinking can be talked to a degree but it's very domain-specific is the problem. It's first of all it's very hard to teach in abstract, I think one mistake I made when I first started teaching critical thinking is just sort of teaching it in very abstract principles without giving people an actual sense of what the subject matter has to be applied to. I think that's one issue but the literature I think suggests that in general it does work to a degree but then it often doesn't generalize to other disciplines. I think that's always the key problem and I think we can all talk about, Dan gave a couple of examples but we can probably regale ourselves with tales of all the Nobel Prize winners who are obviously brilliant in one domain who have remarkably irrational ideas in others which I think suggests this kind of domain specificity. So the question is, which maybe we can address, is at what level should critical thinking and rationality be taught? That's not something we have a good handle on just yet. Okay, so let's back up for one step to the question of well, is rationality something that you're born with or a skill that you have to learn and is it something different from critical thinking? It's very different from critical thinking. I mean critical thinking is a component in rationality but I think that all of us, even those of us who study it, often tend to think of rationality as being intelligence and it's baffling why really, really smart people do some incredibly stupid things and it's very different from, they are different things. There's a different skill set and there are different factors that go into how well somebody can rational, how rational people are and how consistent they are with rationality than there is with intelligence. Intelligence is basically cognitive abilities and rationality includes this huge component about what you will do, not necessarily what you can do but what you will do in given situations. So you may be able to be rational all the time but none of us are. So clearly there are components that are dispositional. So if they're dispositional then we have to figure out where do our dispositions come from and there has to be some mix of genetics and environment and development there that still needs to be teased out I think. Do any of you have a working definition for rationality? Not critical thinking, rationality, what's your working definition? Anyone? No, I don't think... I do but I wanted to give somebody else a chance to talk. Without getting too technical, there's descriptive rationality which is the study of how people actually reason, then there's normative rationality which is like perfect reasoning. So making all of your... updating your beliefs in response to new evidence in perfect accordance with probability theory, reasoning perfectly logically without contradictions, like internal inconsistencies. And if we're going to expand the definition of rationality to sort of instrumental definition that they use say in behavioral economics then that would also include sort of maximizing your expected utility, et cetera, et cetera. This is like not... This is so far off from what the human brain is designed to do that I don't know of anyone seriously arguing that this is something that we could realistically strive for. And then third there's what's called prescriptive rationality which is a sort of like guideline for how to start with what the brain we've got and do things that may not look like trying to optimize our expected utility or trying to do probability calculations but that result in us having judgments and decisions that are in practice actually a little closer to the ideal. So that would include sort of various debiasing techniques and changes to your disposition to make you more inclined to use those techniques. Diane, so it seems like the ideal of being rational came to us from philosophy. So what are philosophers talking about when they talk about rationality? Well, pretty much what Julia said but I want to pick up on something that Julia said and say that I used to worry I used to bother me, I used to depress me that philosophers and scientists are so good at defending their own, at arguing against other people and so bad at seeing the flaws in their own arguments. And then a couple of years ago in 2011 Pascal Mercier and Dan Sperber published a wonderful article in Behavioral and Brain Sciences called Something Like Why Do We Reason? And they argue very convincingly that our cognitive systems are designed to be partisan that there's sort of an opportunistic partisanism built right into our capacity to reason which means that we tend to favor positions that we can find good arguments for not necessarily the best positions but we like to be able to support with arguments the positions that we publicly avow and we're much better at persuading others than we are at seeing the difficulties in our own arguments. They argue, I think very convincingly that we really have to think of reasoning the way we think of romance. It takes two to tango. There has to be a communication or at its best there's a debate of sorts not like a high school debate which is sort of stagey but an interaction between people with opposing views that we're sort of biased. It's like the gain is set in our critical thinking to expect to be up against a wall of disbelief and to be very good at persuading not so good at finding the flaws in our own arguments. I highly recommend that article it's in behavioral and brain sciences and the great thing about an article in behavioral and brain sciences is that it illustrates this very point and always has. Every issue has a target article or several target articles together with reactions, comments right there in the same issue from usually several dozen people in the field and in a field like cognitive science where it's very interdisciplinary almost everything you read in it it's not quite your field and you want to know what the people in the field make of this and you get an instant read on what they take seriously and what they tend to disagree with. So I think group discussion is not just pleasant it's actually an important element in correcting the flaws in our own reasoning. Go ahead. So just to follow up on what Dan said I agree and I like that article too by the way I think it's quite provocative. I think in some ways it goes back to your initial question which is are we born with it doesn't have to be taught and that's one of the few ones we can give a clear answer to. The answer is I think it's clear it's not something that comes naturally to the human species and I think that's one of the key things I've learned, one of the main things I try to inculcate in my students is that scientific thinking which I believe at least in principle that it's best can lead to rationality is not something that's natural. So take confirmation bias. I think there are articles in many respects an article about how confirmation bias evolves and in essence my reading of their articles of confirmation bias really this tendency that we all have, I'm prone to it, you're prone to it, we're all prone to to seek out evidence consistent what we believe, deny, dismiss, distort evidence that is inconsistent what we believe but that's something that really is a fairly natural byproduct I think of the way the brain is structured and I see science in many ways as a set of safeguards against confirmation bias but as Dan points out scientists themselves and the late Mike Mahoney, the psychologist showed this, scientists themselves and I suspect all of us including me are no more immune to confirmation bias than the average person his research shows that but the scientific community is really the best safeguard against confirmation bias scientists themselves good scientists should try to compensate for their own propensities toward confirmation bias but they're not very good at so it's up to the scientific community in the kind of grand argument that Dan talks about to hold their feet to the fire and make sure that their confirmation bias does not get in the way of their corroborating their own hypothesis I wanted to just speak to that one question that you had about a definition of rationality because it feels like we haven't really pinned it down and I think I have a simpler, I work with a simpler definition of it we can break it down into those pieces that Julie was talking about and instrumental and so forth but in a nutshell at least to a lay audience I usually say that it is the reasoning process and a set of beliefs that you currently hold that are consistent with meeting your goals with maximizing benefits and meeting the goals that you actually have and I qualify it with actually have because quite often we get to where we are and then we decide what our goals were based on the answer that we came and that's irrationality but rationality would be a process that leads to the goals that you actually have with you know happiness or benefiting humanity saving as many lives as possible all of those things is that what you can all agree on? It gets confusing because I think that's a great definition of instrumental rationality but you have to add in that we also have beliefs that are consistent with the knowledge we currently have so you have to qualify it with that It does, I think that one thing that gets lost when we talk about how humans aren't naturally good at doubting their own judgments or like looking for alternative points of view and taking them seriously which is true and I agree completely with that but one thing that gets lost is that there's a significant amount of variation between people in how good they actually are and a researcher named Keith Stanovich who I assume you guys all know who's on our advisory board has done some of the best work out there on sort of charting what the deviations are or what the spread of skill at these various aspects of rationality is and trying to pick apart what makes the difference and maybe I can tie together these two things about into one by saying that Stanovich likes to break down the sort of practical skills that go into being rational into two main categories one of which is being able to think in terms of manipulating symbols which is what you're doing when you're reasoning logically or probabilistically and this actually is pretty correlated with IQ so in that sense it's like kind of innate and so people who are strong on this dimension are good at avoiding the kinds of biases and fallacies that involve probability and logic like the gambler's fallacy where this coin came up had three times so I'm due for a tail, that sort of thing and then the other category of rational skills is you could call it reflectiveness or open-mindedness it's more of a disposition than a skill and it's just the tendency to ask yourself, is that right? might there be another explanation for what I'm seeing and also the tendency to be actually open to changing your mind in response to new evidence and interestingly that one's not correlated with IQ I was really interested in that so both of those dimensions the abstract symbol manipulation and the openness to changing one's mind show a lot of difference between individuals and I think that is not sufficient evidence to show that we can definitely train it but I think that it's more promising than it would be if everyone were uniformly bad at it he's trying by the way too he's been working as I understand in the last couple of years to develop a battery of test to measure RQ rationality quotient and it is most of the elements are surprisingly independent of IQ and interestingly even when you statistically control out for IQ using some there's still a glue that ties a lot of these tasks together which I guess does suggest that there is at least some domain generality across all of these different rationality tasks there is at least a weak to moderate positive correlation which I agree Julie doesn't show we can train it but does suggest that maybe if you traded one domain it could generalize to others at least it leaves open that possibility but based on all these definitions that you've given us it sounds to me like a person could make a decision that is rational based on what they know and believe that another person might not think was rational because they have a different knowledge they're working different information then it's perfectly rational to start with two different sets of information or two sets of presumptions and come to a completely different conclusion and both of them be rational but part of the problem is that we also wrap into rationality what you start coming in with so if you're coming in with a set of beliefs that's not necessarily consistent with knowledge that's a premise right so there's so many aspects to this you can provide all of the knowledge and you can provide all of the skills but putting that together is a big problem when we're talking about teaching people the skills part of the problem with teaching people skills and the domain specificity of that is there's a whole set of cognitive tasks that people are very good at when they're abstract and as soon as you add context to it it falls apart there are other tasks where the opposite is true but a good example I used to teach intermediate statistics and I always taught probability theory because they think it's a foundation and they really need to understand it and I could train students to do really well on calculating the probabilities of getting a specific color marble pulling it out of a bag and they could do you know joint probability and all of this and as second I changed marbles to M&M's the whole thing fell apart and it's because human beings work with schemas schemas are blueprints for how the world works and you can give people a domain specific set of schemas and they will make good decisions and rational decisions but they won't necessarily be able to generalize that or transfer that to a novel situation that has a different context and that's where we run into trouble but I think that if you do enough of this I think that if you practice this enough in enough different domains I think that it starts to become more automatic when they're no longer having to think step by step what bias am I going to have a problem with and I've got to avoid and when they no longer have to think that it becomes a little more natural that's when I think it starts to transfer so I think there's some hope is that the ability to transfer across domains is that dependent on intelligence I don't think we know the answer to that I would guess that that's all it is that it has more to do with experience and practice as a number of us have pointed out that our native thinking powers have been enhanced and corrected and refined with a lot of invented tools statistics logic all sorts of thinking tools and as Barb was just saying if you have to talk to yourself about how to use the tool you're not really adept yet you have to become a skilled user of the tool and of all of the tools and then and this is I think a point that Scott was getting at you have to be sort of self conscious about your own weaknesses when you use the tools and that's really that's really hard I want to tell a little confession I think in fact that people mainly academic scientists their heart plays a bigger role their emotions play a bigger role than we usually acknowledge I've been arguing I mentioned John Searle before he'll be my example I've been arguing against John Searle's gone for a second Chinese room argument for what 30 years and I think it's pretty demonstrably a fallacy in its various forms but you'll never convince John of that nor will you convince many people the Chinese room argument is a very attractive argument and I learned to explain to people why it was run this is the argument that artificial intelligence is impossible strong AI as he calls it and I would say look I'm going to point out the fallacies in this argument and their eyes glaze over and it's very clear they don't want to hear about the fallacies they like his conclusion so much and they like the fact that a famous Berkeley professor says that strong AI is impossible they don't want to hear my my details and I used to have contempt quite frankly for that attitude and then I caught myself doing the same thing I confess to having a deep visceral dislike of the boar interpretation of quantum mechanics but I'm no expert and then I read my friend Murray Gelman's book The Quark and the Jaguar and he laces into the boar interpretation he has a chapter called quantum flap doodle and he just beats them up with a stick and I just loved it and I'm reading this and say second Murray go go this is fantastic and all of a sudden I realize look I'm impressed at this Murray Gel Prize winner famous Murray Gelman agrees with me am I able to assess his arguments reasonably no I'm just happy to have him on my team you know and once I recognize that first of all I became much more understanding of what the problem is that I face people get invested in their views particularly scientists philosophers get invested in their views and you actually wouldn't want it any other way you want that cutting edge of inquiry to be peopled by partisans who are giving their all to show that they're right and there's a lot of ego in that but it's that clash because there's actually playing an important role I'm glad you brought that up because I think we've now touched on what I think are the two keys to actually teaching rationality and this is somewhat speculative because we don't have decades of academic research on this but to me the failure of academia to have found ways to reliably teach rationality that work and that that people will sort of seamlessly generalize across domains that failure is not actually that discouraging to me and that's because I think that the two important pieces that you need to have in order to have a method of teaching rationality that actually works are first you need people to be able to recognize in the field so to speak that oh this is like an instance where I might be committing the whatever bias or like oh this is an instance where it would be valuable to do a thought experiment or something like that so they need to recognize that this is the situation to be wary or to use this tool or whatever and that is absolutely hampered by domain the problem of domain transfer it's also hampered just by the difficulty of establishing habits you can like even if you practice something on a bunch of domains in a class if you leave that class and are never reminded of it again then chances are you're not going to use it again and then the second problem which Dan brought up is the problem of wanting to correct for the bias and wanting to use the technique and so I don't think that the there hasn't actually been that much effort to try de-biasing interventions in the literature and there have been critical thinking classes and you know skeptic magazines and so on of course but I don't think that any of those efforts so far really made much of an attempt to try to address those two key points of getting people to notice when to try to be rational and getting people to want to do that so those are the two points that CIFAR that my organization is really trying to focus on in various ways and just to give you like a very quick picture of what we're doing at the workshops that we run we spend about two thirds of the time just talking about real life case studies and people's lives of decisions they're trying to make or problems they're having and listening to other people's case studies as well and then talking about how to address those with the techniques rather than just talking about how to reason probabilistically or how to use reference classes and then we also try to give people triggers such that when they're out in their day-to-day life and they notice this trigger to think oh maybe I'm rationalizing so you can learn to notice oh I have defensive body posture in this argument that I'm having that's my cue to relax my body posture and try to be more open-minded or do some little meditation or mindfulness exercise or whatever has been shown to work for me and then in terms of wanting to use the techniques I think to some extent people can be convinced that considering that they might be wrong is actually good for them like there's this little meditation that I do sometimes actually quite a lot where I imagine the world in which I am wrong but I don't know it and what the consequence of that would be so for example when we were just starting CIFAR I was excitedly telling a friend of mine about it and he was pretty pessimistic about the business plan and we had actually sustain ourselves and I noticed myself getting defensive and finding reasons why he was wrong and not actually listening to him but because I knew this pattern I stopped and just in a moment asked myself if he's right and this is a bad idea I want to believe that he's right it would be bad for me if I closed off my mind to this argument and so if you have a trigger action plan set up this is actually a thing in cognitive science they call implementation intentions where you're much more likely to establish habits if you have discrete triggers that you can recognize in the world that's something that can I think be more motivating for people and maybe they haven't even thought about before and then lastly I think that being in a social environment where changing your mind in response to evidence and refusing to change your mind is looked down upon a little bit I think that can be very motivating for people and so I don't know if this is something that a single semester class can do to sort of change the way people think about thinking but that's something we're certainly trying to hit at CIFAR to spread this meme of admiring mind changing and I hope that will go a long way towards making people actually inclined to use, you know, kinds of techniques You know, it's interesting, you said two things that struck me, one of them was being in an environment where admitting that you're wrong is admired and I think that just telling people in intro psych classes even making sure that people understand that that's everywhere that in general people are more admired when they admit that they have done something wrong and changed their mind than when they're stubborn about it is a big thing but you said something about holding holding that idea of there might be a world where you're wrong and that's something that actually Stanovic talks about it's part of that open-mindedness is I think that is a skill, I think we may be able to teach that and I certainly tried to in my classes you need to be able to have, to set your own views aside and kind of hold them in a little escrow while you consider evidence because otherwise you cannot be objective about the evidence coming in so we need to have that ability to kind of compartmentalize and say okay, this is what I believe but I'm not going to consider that right now when I'm looking at this evidence then bring the filter back in and see how it all kind of shakes out does that make any sense? Yeah, I mean I think there's a bit of a I like to hear that I'm picking up because on the one hand I think what I hear you folks saying is that we need more role models we need more examples of people scientists may be politicians, maybe that's speaking too much I don't know, actually changing their mind admitting they were wrong about something it's not very likely but I think that's what I try to do in my teachings I try to talk about all the dumb mistakes I've made over the years and I can go on forever about it in fact I often tell my students pretty openly one of the things that drew me to skepticism I think is that when I was a teenager I was into all this stupid stuff I was into ancient astronauts and ghosts I was probably just as smart, probably smarter in terms of raw IQ back then than I am now but I was a terrible critical thinker I didn't have those skills so I think being a good role model is important, on the other hand from what Dan is saying because of our very nature of scientists to push and push and push and be dogmatic and often you to a very strongly held idea we're often not going to do that very well we're often not going to be very good role models so the question is how to find good role models out there I think it's really really difficult you know, a scientist named Brendan Nyhan or Nehan Nyhan, thank you he's focused on how to get people to be willing to change their mind in response to evidence he just finished a three year long study of what will get people to change their mind about the vaccine autism connection and it was actually pretty depressing, in the article I read summarizing his results he said I'm so depressed like three times nothing really works that well but so far in his study of this phenomenon he's found one thing that does seem to help people sort of you know, accommodate new evidence and that's he calls it a self affirmation basically like a little thing that you do to remind yourself of you know the things about yourself that you're proud of the aspects of your identity that I'm good enough, I'm smart enough and dog done it, people like me I don't know if that was verbatim in the study but this is basically this is tied to our our need to retain beliefs that are important to our identities which is a surprising number of beliefs on the object level like does this homeopathic medicine work or not, getting rid of that belief could actually feel very threatening to your identity and so when I look at what has made me to the extent that I'm good at changing my mind I think the main factor is that I have this identity of being someone who changes her mind and so I actually get this little dopamine hit when I notice that I might be wrong about something because I feel all virtuous and proud of myself look at me changing my mind so you're saying that everybody can win arguments with you because that makes you feel good but I think one of the tricky issues here which we haven't talked about maybe directly is one of the dangers of some of these debiasing techniques and I looked at some of the stuff a couple of years ago and speaking of being depressed man that was depressing because there's this literature on how to debiase against people against confirmation bias and hindsight bias and it's probably more absence of evidence than evidence of absence there's often just not a lot of psychological research on it as you point out but a lot of it's not very promising and the one issue you have to be careful about that I've come to recognize is that there's actually an increasingly large literature on backfire effects and one of the ones you're talking about I think is relevant to this is that when you challenge people's identity very strongly your belief gets stronger so you actually have exactly the reverse belief so if you have someone who's deeply religious for example you start challenging their beliefs really really hard you threaten to pull the rug from under them you may actually strengthen their beliefs because it encourages them to find all kinds of reasons that their beliefs might actually be right it kind of mobilizes their intellectual defenses mobilizes their intellectual immune system so that's I think one of the big challenges is how to debiase people without actually inadvertently strengthening the beliefs that's something we want to talk about but I think that's I've been arguing for a couple of years that that's actually a really important direction for the skeptical community is how to do this right, how to do this properly because I think sometimes we just assume that when we debunk people's beliefs everyone's going to be as rational as we are about these beliefs but that's not always the case talk about backfire effects reminding me of a chastening experience in my career many years ago ABC television has maybe they still do they had an annual retreat in Palm Desert where they took over a Hyatt hotel and had all their top executives show up with their significant others for a big blowout party but it was an intellectual party and I was invited along with the Chicago neuroscientist Jerry Levy and Jonathan Miller the British polymath television presenter opera producer and so forth and we were all asked to give talks we show up treated like royalty it was wonderful we got there and we found that we were the bad guys and they also had some new age type people the man Norman Cousins who himself out of cancer and some other absolute Randy Fodder you know and when we realized that our job was to do battle with these people we got down to business and we just took them apart and I was feeling pretty happy about the whole thing there was a closing lunch and on Sunday and I was expressing my pleasure at what we had done to Jonathan Miller and he said oh no Dan watch this and he got up and he said ladies and gentlemen I want to ask you before today what percentage of you believed in ESP, clairvoyance healing with laughter and about a third of the hands went up and I remember these are very smart people they are ruthless climbers in the competitive world of network television about a third of the hands went up and he said after this weekend how many of you believe it two thirds of the hands went up I was it was like being kicked in the stomach I was so shocked by this and I went around and asked some of those their hands and they all said the same thing they all said well I don't know I just figured if you smart people work this hard to criticize it there must be something to it just one quick follow up so there's Norbert Schwartz is a really clever solo psychologist at University of Michigan he's done some work on some of these backfire facts he gave me one concrete example from the health literature we talked about vaccines and so you give people a statement that the side effects of a flu vaccine are typically worse than the vaccine itself can you remember that? That's wrong that's not true it's very rare in the side effect and you tell people that and then you test them a few minutes afterwards they get it right and there's a control condition you come back a month or two later you ask them again and what you see is the false belief has actually strengthened they now get it backwards there's a note in your brain that says no that's wrong and that little sticky note sometimes falls off over time oh yeah I remember that thing they were saying about the side effects of flu I mean I discovered the same thing myself in my intro side class I hope it works I hope I'm not actually increasing false belief but I do this little demonstration when I talk about memory and I have someone run in someone run in and steal something from me like steal my umbrella or something like that and then the person leaves and then I ask them all kinds of questions like did the person have a mustache what color shirt was the person and it's amazing how bad people are at that it really hits them up front how bad eyewitness memory can be and I all remember that and on several occasions I can think of one case in particular a few years after the course a student coming up to me saying oh yeah I remember that I remember that demonstration where you showed how accurate eyewitness testimony can be I was like oh no and I think what this shows is that in the process of debunk we certainly should debunk I mean all four I do it too but we also have to be sure to focus on the true beliefs as well we have to keep our eyes on the ball and really present people with good science because if we keep repeating the false belief over and over and over again people often use familiarity realistic to truth I mean that's of course commercial producers know that really well that's why they keep repeating the same darn jingle over so you keep repeating it over and over again and people start saying oh yeah I've heard this a million times there must be something true to it so that's something we have to keep in mind when we debunking false beliefs I would also add that I feel concerned sometimes about the effect of giving people examples like very obviously irrational which you know could include ESP and aliens and maybe homeopathy etc I just worry that if those are the examples they get of people having irrational beliefs and it seems so obvious to them that those beliefs are irrational that you know I have a friend who once described this phenomenon as the cow pox of doubt by which he means that like getting tons of examples of being wrong where it's so obvious to you that the person was wrong is almost inoculating you against thinking that you yourself could be wrong because my beliefs don't look anything like those beliefs well that's good and you know which is not to say that we shouldn't you know talk about debunk things of course but this is a danger and this is kind of a catch 22 I tried to you know teach about biases that on the one hand you know the bias has to be clearly a bias to people so that they like get what you're saying but it also can't be a bias that they themselves have and that you like can't prove to them on the spot that is wrong or else they'll just think you know you're just wrong about what they're wrong about so there's like very little room in between those two you know skill and what the right answer to a problem is as if you made up the problem yourself you know like classic stuff from the literature I'd have students literally argue with me about what the correct answer was just like mathematical questions stuff that's you know from the cognitive literature but problems that are meant to show a way of thinking and rather than accept because they don't see the problem with thinking that way rather than accept that it is a problem to continue to try to literally argue with it it's very difficult what I try to do in that case is I do try to force people to face their own biases but I try really hard to do it in a way that's not threatening so what I mean by not threatening is nobody else has to know that they had that belief or that they had that answer they came to the wrong answer they are the only ones that have to know they have their own answer in front of them and they don't have to share it to admit to everybody else that they were human you know I've recently this is a slight change in topic I've recently done an experiment of sorts testing out a method for getting people to see each other's views that I'm happy to say we had pretty darn good results I call it the X on Y method and here's how it works you have a workshop 6, 8, 12 people with very strongly differing views on some scientific or philosophical issue everybody sends in a chapter this is my initial contribution to this everybody's supposed to read those then I ask them whose work would you like to introduce those in X on Y and it goes around the circle no two people talk about each other's work so that you end up spending the first half an hour of the workshop on this topic introducing and explaining the views of one of the others and it has a delicious effect on the attitudes and the open-mindedness of the group I did a week-long workshop in Santa Fe on cultural evolution and I had Boyd Richardson and Henrik on one side and I had Sperber, Cladier and Moran from France and then I had some other parties but there was a real failure of communication there at the outset that's gone it's really wonderful and then we just did one more recently on philosophy of mind of those of you in the field who know anything about the field imagine spending a week together the churchlands Andy Clark Jesse Prince David Chalmers and me and we got on famously so I highly recommend this technique and in a few days there will be a summary of the first of these workshops on Dan Sperber's cognition and culture website and you'll be able to see what happened I want to thank all of you and I know I'm supposed to be able to see the time but I can't see the time but no that's almost over we've got 7.40 do we have time for questions George does anybody have anything that they just really need to say before we let the audience ask questions while we're taking questions I do a version of Dan's thing just myself it's called the steel man technique and it's the opposite of the straw man where you like knock down a weak caricature of your opponent's argument instead you like try to come up with the best articulation of their point of view because actually people often give worse arguments than they have reason to give because people are just bad at explaining why they believe something and so you just like look for ways to strengthen their argument before you consider it or before you try to rebut it maybe there was a premise that they hadn't stated they were just sort of assuming but if it is assumed then they're right and you can think about whether that premise is right or you can like if they exaggerated they said like all women do such and such and ask well is it you know is it most or is it like more than men or whatever you can find a you know more conservative claim than the one they made and see if that is actually something that you you know might agree with more than you thought you did what's one of um is it wrap reports rules I think of orientation I think you like and I try to do that I wasn't familiar with those rules until I read your book but I like that too and I think it's a general principle skepticism which is always try to give the other side the best chance try to be charitable so if they make some claim about UFOs they're the low-hanging fruit and debunk the easiest one let's get the strongest evidence and see if that still withstands scrutiny and I think that's a basic first of all I think it's a good visit inculcates principal charity but also I think it's the better method of argumentation does anyone have a question I'll come to you real we have time for like one or two one or two make sure your question's a question not a story a yarn or a tail should have a point and be nice and concise or else I'll throw you in question jail for Daniel Dennett what's the say in the last ten years what's the biggest thing what's the biggest thing you've changed your mind on the biggest thing I've changed my mind on I have a new view of the brain as a computer which is I still think the computer analogy is fine but when you start thinking about some of the differences between neurons and flip-flops you realize that we don't have much of a handle on what the architecture of such a computer would be I'm working on it and thinking about it and one of the things that comes up is that it's going to be deeply competitive and relatively anarchic there's no routine subroutine hierarchy and the most important fact is that almost all the computation that we do with our devices in our pockets and our laptops and everything else relies on the fact that way down in the basement the parts are all exactly alike the flip-flops, the registers are all exactly alike no two neurons are alike no two neurons are alike and when you try to make an architecture, a computational architecture of neurons that should loom large in your thinking and it didn't use to I used to think of the neuron as basically a McCulloch-Pitts logical neuron and I knew what we could do with those but you can't do that with real neurons we got one more quick one I think right here I hope it's quick I'd like the speakers to address if they would the issue I haven't heard address and that is personality types for example, the Myers-Briggs classifications or the classic inter-directed versus outer-directed person in terms of people who just really aren't open to rational thinking they're more concerned with for example what other people think or how they feel about personality types in 30 seconds I'll go for it the Myers-Briggs is not a great measure it's okay, I think that there are some better measures out there and I think Julia was hitting at this earlier there is a personality dimension called openness to experience or openness that's a little bit related to IQ it's actually one of the few personality variables that's correlated to like 0.3, 0.4 with IQ but not very strongly and that is a very potent disposition well understood dimension of personality in my view but I think it does relate to this broader disposition to be open to new ideas to question one's beliefs and more broadly Syepstein's done some work on this there are broad individual differences in terms of say intuitive, experiential versus deliberate rational thinking which of course has been a little bit to what Stanovich and West and Kahneman later call system one versus system two thinking so some people are much more prone to just and if they used to be called like need for cognition there's a closely related construct some people just really really really really I mean Carl Sagan I got to meet once was reminded me of that I think he was sort of from the garden very intellectually ferocious and I saw a bit of that when I was with him it was very nice to me but I always wanted to know, I was always asking questions really really really wanted to figure stuff out and there is that very deep disposition that some people are very strong and other people are not what I don't know is how much you can push that around I suspect there are probably limits to that so you might have to give people almost like little intuition pumps or intellectual prostheses to kind of overcome some of those dispositions would be my hunch but I'm not sure I'm hoping that the RQ test can tease some of that out once it's developed and tested and I would also say that there is a middle ground in between not wanting to change your mind at all because it's unpleasant and you know makes you anxious or whatever and wanting to change your mind because you want to be charitable to other points of you and you like the idea of being the kind of person who changes your mind etc there's a middle ground where you're sort of taking advantage of some of your personality traits that maybe aren't as like noble as wanting to you know be a mind changer or something that I've totally used to good effect before like so if I'm in an argument and I don't want to change my mind because I'm feeling sort of in like battle mode like competitive and I don't want to lose the argument I just remind myself that this isn't exactly like a battle because in this argument if I lose I get a copy of the other person's weapon in other words their winning argument and then I can go around winning arguments with that weapon so I just re-channel my competitive instinct and I think there's a number of things like that that you can do to take pride or fear or competitiveness and actually make it work for you in this regard and with that I think that's excellent how about a round of applause for our great panel excellent


A sailor's physical fitness is essential for mission readiness, but what about their families? Seaman James Hunt has more on how Fleet Activity Sassavo helps family members stay in shape. Many sailors are not serving alone. Their families accompany them around the world, and staying in shape is important for them as well. Kathleen Hickson, a fitness specialist at the Fleet Fitness Complex, makes it her duty to help sailors and spouses reach their goals. As a strength and conditioning coach, I love to teach movements and to help people make progress with physical goals. It's a real enjoyment to see someone be able to make a high score on their PRT. So it's great to be able to see someone really grow into themselves. Classes like these exist to create a healthier navy, whether that be the sailors that serve or the families that support. Seaman James Hunt, Fleet Activities, Sassavo Japan.


And from our Governor Adho State, in a two-timed senator, Professor Osiriman Osumbo has promised a transformative change hinged on his campaign slogan, a rebirth of Adho for excellence, for Adho State and its indigents. Professor Osumbo made this promise while addressing members of the APC Press Corps when he came to collect his nomination form as well as his expression of interest forms at the APC National Headquarters in Abuja. He was welcomed by a mammoth crowd of Adho sons and daughters who travelled all the way to Abuja to support his governorship bid. For APC as a party, Adho State is a low-hungry fruit. We must not lose this opportunity to reclaim it with me as candidate. My popularity and acceptability spread across the three senatorial districts of Adho State and even beyond the APC. I know that my supporters, one wishes, and all people of good will across Adho State and beyond will be elated and relieved to see me here as the APC National Secretariat to collect these forms. So many of them will be pleasantly will be very pleased to see me collecting forms contrary to certain considerations from certain protest that you know very well. Adho people are yearning for good governance. They want to see Adho State resources being used to develop the state and transform the lives of the people for the better. The top must contender for the number one seat in the governorship race while dismissing insinuations of ranker between him and former Governor of the state, Adham Sushamale says his decision to run his governor is to build on the good work he did as a former governor and the general support and acceptance he has received from the people of Adho State so far. His chances of clinching the ticket of his party, the APC, was further reinforced by beneficiaries of his less than two years achievement in 2007 to 2008. There was a developmental strike after the whole Adho States, all the whole 18 local government who witness the developmental strike. Essentially, along that is the AAU. There was another developmental strike in AAU. My old department, CIPA Engineering, was also accredited while there was a government. But especially as of now, why if Adho people are elected, they are looking more developed in Adho State? I want to appeal to each and every one that Professor Selenane Osugop is the right person, is the right candidate, and is the right person to occupy Adho State. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.