Family Theatre presents MacDonald Carey and J. Carol Nash. From Hollywood, the Mutual Network in Cooperation with Family Theatre presents Emergency Starring MacDonald Carey. And now here is your host, J. Carol Nash. Well, thank you, Tony LaFranco. Family Theatre's only purpose is to bring to everyone's attention a practice that must become an important part of our lives if we are to win peace for ourselves, peace for our families, and peace for the world. Family Theatre urges you to pray. Pray together as a family. And now to our transcribed drama, Emergency, starring MacDonald Carey as Nagle. Captain, help me move him onto the table. Right. Take it easy. You want to kill me? It's an idea, Jordan. Not a bad one. Get your hands under his shoulders. That's right. Yeah, I got it. Now lift. Easy. Oh, can it. Where's the doctor? You want me to bleed to death. Have you got any doctors in this hospital? There's a typhoid epidemic going on, you know? Maybe the doctors think you're a little more expendable than the kids the typhoid hit. Doctors on the way. Just relax. Relax. But try to relax with a bullet in you. Oh, Chief, not one of your boys, I hope. No, Doc. No, I just happened to be the police escort this time. Hello, Doc. You. You got to do something, Doc. Some citizen put two and two together, Chief. Yeah, that's as near as we can figure. Black and white found him on the street right after it happened. They saw a woman with a target pistol leaving the scene and caught her, but she escaped while the officers were giving him first aid. Haven't the slightest idea who she was. Too bad, eh? Her name was Mullin. I told you that. Thelma Mullin. Think anybody in this town is going to believe you?  Quiet. I want to take a look at this. I've got surgery all set up, Doctor. I did that before. I even took him off the gurney. Good girl. I'm glad you're here, Cunningham. Looks like we've got a couple of hours' work here. It was only at 22, but she must have used a long round. See where it went in? Mm-hmm. Came out all the way over here. No chance it might be too late. Too late. I don't think so. Too bad. Your boys do as good a job in first aid as they do in law enforcement, Chief. I'm not even going to touch those dressings right now. Cunningham, clean them up as well as you can and give them some plasma. Yes, Doctor. Anybody around to give an anesthetic? Well, there's Dr. Terry. Now he's been in the go all day. We'll do it ourselves. Too fat for a good caudal. I'll give him a spinal. Well, I'll go scrub. Yes, Doctor. Come on, Chief. You can tell me what happened. Well, I'm going to have to speak to the boys about their first aid. You did a nice job. Yeah. I'm the wrong man. And what about this business of the woman getting away? Mullen, was that her name? Her son died of this typhoid this afternoon. She was out of her mind. But if I make the state go to all the expense of proving it, even if she didn't cop a plea of temporary insanity, a jury would probably have found her actions justifiable anyway. Now, will you stop smirking? Five. So, maybe I, maybe I figured the woman had enough trouble, so I played God a little. Is that so wrong? I don't know, Chief. You have all people ought to understand. Jordan Holbein and his outfit ruined 10 years' work for you. They work to destroy what you're dedicated to preserving. Made a political football out of it. Maybe you'd better hold off on that kind of talk for now, Chief. I got to go in there in 10 minutes and work on saving his life. Even though I know what he is, know what he's done to this town, I've got to stand over him with a knife and try to keep him from dying. Hey, maybe this might be one of the times for one of those Freudian slips I've heard so much about. Cut it out, will you, Bruce? Just cut it out. Oh, sorry, I'm only kidding. I don't. When you're a surgeon about to work on your worst enemy, there are a lot of thoughts you can't afford to let yourself think. You've got to think of the man in there on that table as just another emergency. Just another human being in need of your skill. You try to think these things as you finish your scrubbing. As Alice Cunningham, your operating room nurse, helps you into the sterile pale green of the gown and the amber gloves. You resolve to do your work on this man just as she does hers. As a quiet, highly efficient, life-saving machine. You resolve not to permit yourself even to think of your emotions toward this man on the table. Lest the hate carry over and express itself in some action of your hands. Obein, listen to me. You've been given heavy sedation. You won't go to sleep, but you won't be entirely awake either. It should be taking effect about now. Can't you put me out? Now, we're short-staffed right now because of the typhoid. If you're all the way under, it'll be harder for me to keep up with your reactions and I'm gonna be pretty busy as it is. Now, we're gonna give you a spinal. From this point on, I don't want you to move. If there's any moving to be done, Miss Cunningham and I will do it. All right. And I don't want you to talk either. Not talk. Talking moves the diaphragm and that's where I might be working. No movement, no talk. Understand? You're the doctor. All right, Cunningham, let's get to work. Ready, doctor. One, two, three. Right here. That's it. Now, the syringe. You watch the spinal fluid running clear and white into the glass cylinder. Then you replace it with the anesthetic. A few seconds later, Cunningham slaps a scalpel into your hand and the operation begins. Mop, hemostat. Another one bullet. It's amazing. What is, doctor? What one little bullet can do. I clamp that off with you. Does it? The forceps. You're going to have more of a scar than you thought you would hold on. Got your retractors ready? Ready, doctor. There's the muscle. I'm going to part it as close as I can to where the bullet did. Retractor. Here we are at the inner man and what we find. Same kind of blood, same kind of flesh, same muscle, same nervous tissue. Retractor. Hold this. What does it make this man different than all the rest? The sole, doctor. All right, the sole. Not that. Better give me a hemostat. You better wait a second to see if the area is going to stay clear. Hate to work on a fat man. You've known him for quite some time, haven't you, doctor? About six months. Six months too long. I think it's going to be all right. All right, let's get back to work. As you go through the layers of muscle through the fascia, the membrane of the peritoneum into the viscera, you work almost automatically following the path of the bullet, appraising the damage, making mental notes on what must be repaired on the way out and how you're going to do it. And finally that part is done. Now the repairing begins. This is the part that takes time. Something you don't want because it means you have time to think, time to remember, to remember things like your first meeting with this patient. The day Jordan Holbein walked into your office. Mr. Holbein? Very nice to meet you, doctor. Sit down, won't you? Oh, thank you. I've heard a great deal about you, Dr. Nagle. Oh, good, I hope. You're the very best. As your chief surgeon at Queens Hospital, faculty member and member of the board of directors over at Grayson, and that you're about the best all around surgeon in this part of the country. That last bit of information is strictly a rumor, I'm sorry to say. Not from what I've heard. How can I help you, Mr. Holbein? Did your physician recommend that you... Oh, no, no, nothing like that. As a matter of fact, I'm in the best of health. At least I like to think I am. Well, you're lucky. I came to help you, doctor. Help me? Well, how do you suppose to do that? Well, perhaps I shouldn't have worded in quite that way. What I should have said was, I've come to enlist your aid. I think in the long run it'll help you. Spread your bread upon the waters, that sort of thing. How much bread on what kind of waters, Mr. Holbein? If it's a matter of charity... No, no, no, nothing like that. Well, then what do you mean? Something with a little more social importance and charity. I'm talking about community improvement. Well, isn't that something for the voters to take care of? Yes, ordinarily it would be doctor, but as you know, this community is growing pretty fast. I believe the population has doubled in the last five years or so. That's what I mean, doctor. That's why we're asking you just as we're asking some of the other leading citizens to help us. Help you do what, Mr. Holbein? Just to keep this city up with the population. That's why the Committee for the Protection of the American Way of Life was formed. Committee for the Protection of the American Way of Life? Don't believe I've heard of your organization. Well, we're relatively new. Just what sort of improvements did you have in mind? Well, there are certainly plenty of improvements possible. That's true. Now you take, well, parks for instance. Housing projects are springing up over the city. Now naturally enough, the builders don't leave room for parks. Cut into their profits. It also means that children will have to play in the streets. Now ordinarily the voters would do something about it. Except the builders are the only ones who campaign on the issue and they're not going to fight for something that'll cut their profits. Now the Committee with a combined strength of the community's leaders would help show the other side to the public. Well, that sounds pretty good, Mr. Holbein, but I'm afraid I wouldn't have very much time to give to political activities. One of the other committee members thought you'd be eager to join us. They said something about a knax you were currently trying to grind. Well, yes, that's right. I, you know, I hadn't thought about that. Something about the reservoir, I believe. Yes, yes, that's right. The reservoir and the city dump are in a very dangerous proximity to each other. In the last few years, the situation has become almost critical. Oh, how so, Dr? Well, the more trash the larger the city dump gets and the greater the danger of contamination. I've been working on getting the whole area cleaned up for a long time, got it to the voters just once. But you couldn't afford to campaign. Yeah, that's about right. Well, the committee would be able to afford to campaign. As a matter of ethics. You know, Dr. Marshall said that would come up when dealing with you. Marshall? You mean Hayden Marshall? Is he a member of your committee? One of the charter members, along with Dr. Glass and Dr. Purcell. Purcell? I wouldn't think they'd have time. Oh, it doesn't really take much time, Doctor. All we really need from you is an occasional statement and, of course, permission to use your name on our letterhead and so forth. This matter of the water contamination, Doctor. Yes, I would like to see something done about that. Yeah, it would be a terrible thing to see it. What would it be, diphtheria? As things stand, other conditions are perfect for a typhoid epidemic. Typhoid? I haven't heard of a typhoid epidemic in a long time. Of course you haven't. They're rare things, but they're pretty terrible. And the way things are now, it could happen here. And maybe we'd better do something about it.  They are. I think a little proud of the fact, too. Well, then you can include me. I'm happy to hear you say that, Doctor. Oh, I'll just ask you to fill out this card, you know, a release for the printers and so forth. Certainly. Anna? Yes, Doctor? Will you step in here for a moment? Yes, Doctor. I'll have my nurse fill this out for you and we'll mail it to you, all right? Oh, I'm in no particular hurry. I suppose I just wait for it. Oh, as you wish. Anna? Yes, sir?  Certainly, Doctor. And there's a Mrs. Hall waiting to see you. Oh, Mrs. Hall? Mr. Hoban, I wonder if you'd mind? No, no, no, certainly not. I'll just wait in your reception room. Oh, thanks. Thanks a lot. I'm proud to have you with us, Doctor. I'll have this filled out for you in five minutes. No, Harry. Oh. What is this committee for the protection of the American way of life? It's sort of a citizen's action group. And it may just give me a bigger stick to fight with on the water contamination problem. Now, what about this Mrs. Hall? I don't remember any Mrs. Hall. Oh, well, she is Doctor Marshall's patient. Marshall? Mm-hmm. And what's she doing over here? Well, she says he isn't doing her any good. Well, I better give him a call before I see her. I'll place it for you right away, Doctor. No, no, never mind, Anna. Just fill that card out to Mr. Hoban. I can call Dr. Marshall. Oh, and Mr. Hoban will pick it up? He's waiting for it now. You'll have to bring it back for my signature. All right, Doctor. Hello? Dr. Marshall, please. This is Dr. Nagel. Hello, Hayden. Say, one of your patients, the Mrs. Hall, is sitting in my outer office. Does it matter, run out of prescription blanks, or did your bedside manager turn sour on you? Now, she's what? Oh, a heart case, huh? Won't take her medicine because it upsets her stomach. Okay. Well, I'm going to give her a little lecture about edema, heart conditions, and the side effects of myctin sent her back to you. Fine. Oh, say, while you're on the phone, I guess you ought to welcome me into the club. By the Committee for the Protection of the American Way of Life, you think I meant... Oh, I was told you remember. Well, this comes as quite a surprise. A man just dropped in. Yes, now that you mention it, it does sound like it might be a front organization. I guess I'm pretty gullible, Hayden. No, no, I haven't signed up yet. I'll talk to you later. Yeah. Goodbye. We'll have to find out about this. Oh, Doctor, I was just coming in. I have the little card ready for your signature. Just hold on to it for a moment, Anna. Mr. Holbein. Oh, right here, Doctor. You say Dr. Marshall belonged to your organization? Yes, that's right. Did you talk to him yourself? Just yesterday.  Now, let's not be hasty, Doctor. The Committee... I don't need you to explain it to me. I think I know what it is now and I won't have my name connected with it in any way, shape, or form. And it would have been easier with your name on our letterhead, but I guess we can get along without you. We always had... I'll give you three seconds to get out of my office. But you can't blame me for trying.  That's fine. What are you looking at? Say, I'm your nurse, remember? I'm on your side. Oh, Anna, I'm sorry.    Who is they? Communism, Anna. He almost railroaded me into a front organization. Would you send Mrs. Holbein and then go through the book? I want to talk to every doctor in town. Talk to every doctor in town? To warn them. It's doubtful, but I just want to be sure Mr. Holbein doesn't have any more success with them than he had here. Any sign of bleeding? I think you stopped it, doctor. Then let's get on with it. So, sir? Cut. 25 minutes, doctor. Wish I had another pair of hands. Cunningham, get me a stethoscope. I want to see how he's doing. Holbein, I'm going to listen to your heart. It's not a very good way of keeping tabs on a patient while you're working on him, but we're a little short of health right now. The type for epidemic hit us, remember? Here you are, doctor. Put it in my ears and hold it. Yes, doctor. Fine. That's good. You listen to his heart. You try to appraise the beat. A little slow, perhaps, but still strong. You wonder how it is that a man like this can thrive in an epidemic-ridden city with a bullet hole from front to back, while so many of the good are dying so easily. It's the children typhoid hits hardest and fastest. As you push the stethoscope aside and continue with your suturing, you think about the typhoid and about the children. And you remember how you brought out the germs affinity for children in your pre-election speech in town hall. If one of this city's children were lost in the forest or involved in a cave-in, there isn't one of you who wouldn't do everything he could to save that child. This is basically the same problem. The only difference is that all of the children are in danger. The Weather Bureau forecast is for a hot and humid summit. When it comes, the conditions will be as bad as they can get. They'll be like a medical school textbook description. Almost every doctor in town was there giving you moral support. Most of the city fathers were there and a considerable number of the voters. For the first time in the 10-year fight you were making real progress. The issue to move the site of the city dump was on the ballot and its chances were good. They were good until you went to the smoking room backstage after your speech. Doctor, was it a fine speech? Just wanted to tell you that. Thanks chief. Want to have a smoke with me? No, I can't. I'm the next speaker. Just wanted you to know that I'm coming out strong for everything you said. Well, thanks. I appreciate it, Bruce. Appreciate nothing. I've got kids, too. Well, enjoy your smoke, doctor. I'll see you later. Right. Hello, doctor. Oh, hold on. Can I give you a light? I'll do it, thanks. Have a joy. Urge your speech. It's good. I think you would have had the issue in the bag. What of? My committee is going to give you its full support. You can't mean that. Can't I?  Mm-hmm. Too bad. But why? We tried to get you to join us, remember? That didn't work, so now we're going to join you. That'll kill it. That's right. 100% right, doctor. Thanks to you, the committee is known for what it is. Words you would probably use.  What would you gain?  But it'll mean lives. This is more than just a political issue. Okay. We're alone in a year, so I'll tell you something, doctor. We're not interested in the welfare of this particular city. The city is a strong state of strong, the state of strong and so is nation. Last thing we're interested in, building is the strength of this nation. So as far as we're concerned, this is nothing but a political issue. Typhoid is the issue. You said you heard my speech, that part about hitting the children first. Yeah. Very touching. Now if you'll pardon me, I think it's probably just about my turn. Your turn. You mean you're going to speak here tonight? Well, sure, doc. I'm a citizen. It's free country. I have a right, doc. It's in the Constitution. Doctor. Doctor. He's hemorrhaging the patient. So he is. So he is. Well, you're not just going to let him bleed. Oh, but doctor. Doctor. Doctor. Don't worry, Holbein.  Hemostat. Yes, doctor. Just set the tray down here, Cunningham. You better get some plasma. Hello, doctor. Chief. Back again? Been here all the time. Long wait. Just wanted to see how everything turned out. Did he make it? He made it. A lot of damage, but we patched him up. Well, can I talk now? Talk sure. Sure. And if he hadn't made it, no one would have blamed you. I think by this time, everybody in town knows that he's the one who blocked you and the other doctors. Made this epidemic possible. If he endorsed something, the people would automatically turn it down and that was his trump card. Well, I think the citizens are wise to it now. I think so. If Thelma Mullen, the woman who shot him, if she's any indication, yes. You and I are working on him all this time. I've been cleaning him up for the last half hour. If I'd known you were waiting, I'd have come out a little sooner. That's something I wanted to say. What? Oh, this business about playing God. I don't think it's such a good idea. You try it? I have to be honest with you. I thought about it for a minute. Doctor. Doctor. Cunningham looks like she's got trouble. Yeah. What is it? Your surgical patient. Holbein? Looks like he's developing typhoid symptoms. Him? I do wish you take a look, doctor. Think he's got it, doc? She says he's got it. He's got it, chief. Cunningham, see if he wants a priest or a minister or something. I'll be along directly. Yes, doctor. Right away. And set a watch on him. Yes, doctor. With all that surgery, he's a sucker for a perforation. And maybe there is some justice in the world after all. Well, there is mercy. I just hope Holbein will use it. Think he might make it? If you mean live, no, not a chance. If you mean heaven, even he's got a chance. Well, this is J. Carol Nash again. You know, it's amazing how many people think that it isn't manly to pray. I've known a lot of strong, courageous, and virile men who pray. Pray sincerely, deeply. But you know, for the really strong, sensible man, prayer is not just a last resort, a desperate remedy to be saved for in a tight spot, the critical moment in good times and bad and sickness and in health. We all need the help of prayers. I guess you recognize the phrase in sickness and in health. This comes straight out of the marriage ceremony. Well, that fits right in with what I'm trying to say, because no one needs God's help more than married people, fathers and mothers, who have the responsibility of raising children to be decent, God-respecting citizens. Every family must depend on divine assistance, and I can't think of a better way of ensuring it than by making family prayer a daily practice in the home. For with God's assistance, we can be sure. We can be sure that a family that prays together stays together.  From Hollywood Family Theater has brought you transcribed emergency starring McDonald Kerry. J. Carol Nash was your host. Others in our cast were Lou Krugman, Gigi Pearson, Lawrence Dobkin and Ralph Moody. The script was written and directed for Family Theater by Robert Hugo Sullivan with music composed and conducted by George Wright. This series of Family Theater broadcasts is made possible by the thousands of you who feel the need for this type of program, by the mutual network which has responded to this need, and by the hundreds of stars of stage screen and radio who give so unselfishly of their time and talent to appear on our Family Theater stage.  This is Tony LaFranco expressing the wish of Family Theater that the blessing of God may be upon you and your home, and inviting you to join us next week when Family Theater will present Uncle Jim starring Dorothy Warren Scholl. Readjust to me will be your host. Join us, won't you? Family Theater is broadcast throughout the world and originates in the Hollywood studios of the world's largest network. This is Mutual, the radio network for all America.


So, today the job is to do three things. One is to finish off with the ideas that we introduced last time as to how to speak in public and how to make it easier for yourselves. Now, to demonstrate whether this really works, we want the remaining people to come here and use those principles when they stand up here and talk about what they want to say. Quite interesting that even if you just have to talk about three things, disaster, success and what you want out of this course, three things. People do not do two of them or do not do one of them and stuff like that.  So, this just demonstrates that even for one minute you need to do some preparation. So, see if the people who come now can utilize those ideas and speak like what did we say? Do not do this, do this, speak slowly, speak confidently, we are all your friends, we are not here to hurt you, we want you to do well, we want you to speak nicely and we are dying to learn a little bit more about you. We want to be entertained, do not bore us and do not go over time. So, everybody here finds this part interesting because they want to know more about their friends. It is something humorous which they might not have told them before or something meaningful which they can talk about later on and follow up. Some part of yourself which you maybe have not spoken about which you can share, you know, makes other people also feel comfortable that look I am not the only one, right. So, what we will do today is you all know the groups that you are in, incidentally, they have been put up on the website. Who does not know what the group number is? Okay, so I have a sheet here you can refer to that and see what group you are on. And it is quite interesting, I went through all the feedback that we have been recording on video and one thing is consistently the theme. Most of the things is stage fright, right and most people want to be able to talk publicly effectively, right. I guess that is what you mean by communication skills. So, we have something interesting lined up now, okay. So, you have to pitch an idea. So, we thought of this nation building theme, right. Social innovation, technology innovation, some hadsa or anecdote which has some meaning that you want to recall. You might refer to that, right. And you have to pitch it to an audience which comprises someone who is going to who you want to believe in this idea, right. Some angel investor or some social investor or whatever it is, right. If you can't think of any great idea, see, all of you have come from very interesting backgrounds. I feel that urban existence is pretty boring, right. If you come from a small town, you had the opportunity to see life in the raw and much more of it. So, you have something interesting to say you might not think it's interesting but others might think it's interesting, right. And if you put that up on YouTube, there'll be millions of people who think it's interesting. Because what you have experienced is very unique, which is very different and distinct what other people have experienced. Like for instance, I saw a program last night on how global warming is affecting farmers in Greece. And they took ordinary people from a little village which has been affected by a big fire that broke out in the forest which affected all their olive trees and what happened as a result of that. Global warming means less bees and less orchards and how the entire economy has changed. Tourists have stopped visiting that place and so on. And these ordinary villages, Greek school girls, school children, people from that town, I found it very interesting. Because they are echoes of similarities of this experience, if you like, all over the world, okay. So you might not think that what you have to say is interesting but actually others might think. And if you see the great novels which are written, the novels are written about everyday life, what goes on say in a small town. But you put it in a very descriptive way so that someone else can get into your shoes and experience that life. Which might be very, very different from what somebody else might experience, okay. And if you are still hard pressed for ideas, right. So I feel that you all have an interesting story. Each one of you has got not one but many interesting stories to tell. It's just that when we put you in a group of six, right. All of you might have ideas and you'll have to come to a consensus as to what is the story that you all can agree to tell. If you are still short of ideas, right, here's another idea. Professor Sridharayar has written some very interesting articles in Jantar Mantar magazine. How many of you have heard of Jantar Mantar?  And this is about 25, 30 years old and so on. It still might exist. So Sridhar wrote some articles on computer science, concepts, explain to children, right. So like for instance, he explained networking to children. How do you explain networking, a TCPIP network to a nine standard child, right? You can't use buzzwords, you can't use mnemonics, you can't use jargon because often people hide behind jargon and they don't know anything, they just give jargon and that person doesn't understand but is afraid to ask, right. We do it all the time, maybe, right. It's very different, it's very different and it's very difficult to explain complex things in a simple language and it's a very good exercise. Because then you have to really understand what you're saying, right. So here's the idea. Sridhar has written some 12 articles on computer science concepts. Like for instance, he's explained networking as how there's a princess who's in a tower. I remember him discussing this story with me. Princess is in a tower, her kind of prince wants to communicate with her. So he finds the medium of pigeons. So the pigeons, what he does is that he takes his long message to her out and breaks it up in small, small chits because the pigeon can't take an entire notebook, you know, right. So he breaks it into small, small chits and the pigeons take the chits one by one to her. Then she has the problem, what order do I look at these messages in, right. So how do you sequence that and get the order right and stuff like that? That's what networking is all about. So he introduced the concept in a way at a level that children could relate to and explained it in terms of that. Just imagine if others would explain things to us like that, how easier it would be to understand concepts, right. Same thing which you use mathematics for, you can explain like this. So Sridhar has got 12 stories if you like. Your job is to think of how to make a TED talk about it. So how to explain this in a TED talk, okay. So think about that. And to explain this concept you can take advantage of videos from here and there, right, because it's much easier to see animation and understand things. So his Oscar project has got lots of technology animations, which maybe you can use as part of your TED talk to explain, right. But the burden of explanation, simplifying and all that. Much of the work has been done here. But you have to now present it on stage to nine standard kids. And I warn you, I'm going to get nine standard kids that day to attend the talk. And we'll take a poll, right. That's one. Sameer Sasarapudya, a colleague here, he's worked a lot in distance education and all that. He's got some YouTube videos. There are three videos that came to my mind. One is fun with science. The other is on technology-enabled agriculture, which is the work of a company called Agrocom and the Aqua project which emerged out of our department. And sunlight at night, right. This is how some village school kids in Madhya Pradesh were given the opportunity to study at night because of the work of faculty at IIT Bombay, Chetan Sholanki. Have you heard of his project, solar PV-based lighting for villages and so on? He gave a very interesting talk about how to solar energy equip an academic campus, right, how to figure out how to do it, right. This was yesterday evening at about five in mechanical engineering, very interesting. So he gave the entire scope of the technology of solar, how to essentially design a system to service, say lighting requirements or other requirements that an academic campus might have, right. The reason I'm interested is that if we have lots and lots of distributed greenhouses and we have to drive the power in those greenhouses, then it makes a lot of sense to have solar panels, right, in this kind of setting, right. So I was interested in attending that talk. So these are three talks from there. Then there's another site which is very interesting called arvindguptatoys.com. So he has little toys made from everyday items like straws and cork and wood and this and that which you just find anywhere. And he makes toys which illustrates some scientific principle, right. He doesn't tell you what the scientific principle is. It's up to you to decide like there could be something with straws and you spin it. It's meant to demonstrate centripetal force, right. He won't tell you that, but that principle is embodied in that toy. So here's an idea that you can pick a toy like this and he's got a video of that toy, right, and pitch that concept to a nine standard child, okay. So you have the visuals already. So you can incorporate that in your talk, in your material and you can make your presentation.  So we didn't want to constrain you saying that do this, do that and all that. Do anything that excites you, but it should excite you. You should be passionate about it and at the end we want a nice presentation which we shall put up as our contribution to YouTube which illustrates something important and interesting which we feel others will also want to see. And we'll give you all the help along the way, right. So that's what I have to say here. Any questions? So what we'll be doing now is that to just get you started in the process. So what I'll do now is, let me just finish with the concepts that Professor Vedya spoke. I'll just review this with you, right, how you speak now because we want the next or the as many remaining people as they are there. So what we'll do is, it's almost nine o'clock now, right. I mean, 10 o'clock now. And for the next, say 15 minutes, we'll continue with the video presentation. I'm hoping by say about just after mid-sem we complete all the videos of all the individuals and then we should have another lot at the end of the course when you actually do your TED talks. And hopefully then we'll see before and after also, right.  Don't slur. Aram se baat karo. Don't vocalize things like R, all those kind of things, all that kind of stuff. Nobody likes to hear that. Don't fiddle or twitch, right. It shows nervousness. And look at the audience, right. Don't look down. Don't look at the wall or something. Find some people who you know are your friends and friendly. And just talk to them if you like, you know. But pan the audience, okay. And don't exceed time and don't go on for minutes. So anyway, this is where we are. And what we'll do now is that we'll take the remaining students who are not represented, and 10-15 is the timeout for that, right. And for the next 10 minutes after that, we will break up into the groups and get started with our discussions. So let me have a feel for what each group wants to do. If you don't know what your group is, I have a list here and you can see it. This promises to be an interesting exercise. And then from after mid-sem, we will have only one hour of contact a week. So we'll split you up into two batches. One batch will come on Tuesday, one batch will come on Thursday. You don't have a choice which batch you'll belong to. We'll just go by roll number order, otherwise it gets very confusing, okay. So I'm going to close my shop here. And we'd like the rest of the people to come. I have a list of people who haven't come, by the way. So if nobody volunteers, maybe we'll start from the back this time, right. So who's right at the back? Not the TAs, the ones after the TAs. That person who's looking away, have you come? Yeah, have you spoken? Achha, next to you. He needs a minute to just make some notes next to him, yourself. So while they're getting ready, any brave people, well other than them, who have scheduled to talk last time, Amanthi, if I've already spoken, right, okay. Anybody here that I don't recognize here? You've not spoken, right? Okay, maybe you can come next. In the meantime, we'll start from the back now. Yeah, so we have one here. You're saved by. This is Durgesh. I'm from Mumbai. I'm a new PhD student over here. I have been working as a lecturer in Bits Goa for about a year. And before that, I did my BTEC and MTEC from there. So one example of good communication is when I was able to motivate my students to, you know, think of the algorithms, the way we study algorithms, we just learn it. You know, we don't think it out. So that was a really good example of good communication.   My parents had written it down for me. I understood no word in it. I just marked it up and in the middle, I just forgot, forgot as in I was blank. So I just said, I'm not going to continue this anymore. I went back and then the teacher called me back again and I had to complete it. So it was really embarrassing.  Whatever I do, I'll do it, you know, whatever I can think. So what I expect from this course is the tidbits of wisdom that the professor says in between. Like that day he said a very interesting point that people are very interested in honesty.  So from this course, I'm looking for such tidbits of wisdom. In addition to that, if we can have some tech talks, it will be really good. So that's it from me. Good morning to all of you. I'm Bholanath Rai. I'm a PhD student in computer science. The last day I attended the lecture, how to be a public speaker and I tried to apply the same thing in the presentation by it was total mess. Although I have knowledge about my project, but when I just present the concept I just totally miss, I mean I was in a hurry and after finishing my talk, when I was sitting in the bench, I thought, oh, this concept I can explain in a better way. That was a recent disaster, but one funny communication disaster was in first year of my BTEC because actually I'm actually Bengali, the tilled 8th, 12th class I totally studied in Bengali, so nothing about Hindi. So I was in first year, one senior came and he just told about my senior and I thought he is actually telling everything good and I just said yes and he just slapped me and he said that all I just tell about your senior, it's a slang language and the good communication about it is that the interview faced during my PhD, that communication, I gave the interviews totally, I never fail, tensed, it's a, before this interview, every Viva or interview before going to the lab means room, my heartbeat actually means every time it increases, even this is the day before every time it comes that my turn will come, my heartbeat actually turns means it's increasing. Today I just say that nobody is coming, then I just say better to finish my introduction otherwise every day I will see it there and my heartbeat will go on increasing. And my wish list is I want to be a good leader and for every good leader is a good speaker, I want to be a good speaker and every talk I just listen and attend that their body language, the way they speak and we just, I just listen carefully and I thought that one day I will become that good leader, that's why. Hi, my name is Rucha Kulkarni and I am from Solapur, Maharashtra and about good communication skills, the examples for good communication that I have had are actually thankfully many like some presentations in seminars all usually go well, about bad examples or disasters I don't remember any and about the wish list I would like to learn about group discussion skills because it is very important that I learn how to put my points assertively in a group discussion without barging in or cutting through anyone else who is speaking. Hi, this is Riharsha Mohapatra, I am from NPCIL Bombay, I have been here for around 8 years, so my worst things I have done in communication lacking lacuna are the missing places going to wrong places where address is correct and writing wrong text where the question is different and understanding what are that say in a different level in a different problem. So, about good communications I have many good suggestions in our organizations and good project works, I want to learn from this course about verbal communication and listening and explaining what I am saying in words as well as in written, so that's it. Good morning everyone, I am Hemant Kumar Adil, I am from Raiapur, but good example of my good example of communication is my interview for integrated MSC program for NISA institute and bad example I had many, one was during my presentation in my BTEC, I prepared slides and I explained everything to my team mates, but I had no time to prepare for myself. I want to learn in this course about how to face unknown audience. Hello, I am Meghisham Prasad, I am from Kolhapur, I am working here under supervision of professor Sharath Chandran. So, the disaster I have in my experience is basically when I have a heated discussion with my colleagues regarding some technical, so I say some unintended words, so actually I had one bad experience that when I was speaking with my manager regarding our project requirements, I many times used word rubbish and it affected my appraisal very badly. So, another, so that is about disaster, so the good communication skill I don't have that good communication skill, but if I want to give good example of communication skills, I will say Obama winning elections in 2008 is a very good example of good communication skills and for my wish list I want to be a good summarizer, I am not currently that good summarizer mainly in return as well as public speaking. Thank you. Hello, good morning everyone, I am Ashok, so I joined PhD here in January just a month ago. I have a lot of good experience like, is this working properly? I am finding some kind of, okay now, yeah it is better. Ashok, I am from Tamil Nadu, a place called Salem, anyone know Salem? Yeah, okay I can talk with you afterwards. So, as far as good communication is concerned I have plenty of good communication, so we have to start. Okay, during my bachelor degree, so I talked for nearly some 3 hours, I ate up all the classes on that day, the speech was like, you know about the current scenarios of political issues and all those things and apart from that there was a lecture, there was a workshop in 2012 in Pune Defense Institute of Advanced Technology where I completed my MTech, so the lecture was, the workshop was on challenges in cloud computing, so I presented for some 45 minutes about the working of OpenStack and the issues in it, that was a good example and the worst example, I mean bad communication means during that, after that workshop there is a QA session, so one person was asking this question and I was not able to get the question and it was like, I was not even able to get what he is trying to say, I don't know whether it is because of the mic or his bad communication, I don't know, but I understood in a different way and I answered to him in a bad manner and I criticized him on the stage itself and I asked him sorry and another blender was, I didn't notice that mic is off, mic is on when I was off the stage and I was saying to my friend, I don't know how funny it is, I mean it was so embarrassing and after that I personally asked him sorry and it was quite a worst experience and the next thing is what I am, I wish to learn from this course, honestly I am not here to learn all the good stuffs, I am here to learn all the bad stuff, all the mistakes what people do, so I want to learn from the mistakes, I don't want to do that same mistakes which I know, most of the time we do, I mean for me doing mistakes is not a problem, but not learning from the mistakes is the biggest problem, repeating the mistake is like falling into the same hole again and again, I don't want to repeat that, so that's my thing, thank you. Hello friends, myself Surendhuhan, I am doing a PhD under Dr. Rishikesh Joshi, I am from Fahidabad about the bad communication skills, so when I was 10 or 12 years old and I was called for a chief guest in a function and it was a chess tournament and everyone knew me because I was a champion for about three years continuously, so I was being called for a chief guest for that particular tournament and I was a champion in that particular tournament also and I didn't know what to say on the stage and I didn't know what to do because till that time I was receiving the prizes from the other people and I was listening what they say, they say some motivating talks and some other things and now I have to present the things and I was on the stage sitting in the center somewhere between the other people and I was blank, then somebody called me, now the chief guest will say few words to you and I couldn't stand up, I was shivering, sitting there and doing nothing, so it was a silence in the hall for about two, three minutes and chief guest was about to say something and it's a silence in the hall for two, three minutes, then what they did is they brought up the mic to the desk itself so that he can speak something and still I couldn't speak anything and then after a minute or two I just said thank you and it was done, that was the best speech ever done by a chief guest which every audience will like, so it was the disaster, kind of a disaster and it was not like I was in the front of completely new audience, I knew everyone sitting there because I am playing for about three, four years continuously, I know everyone sitting there and still I couldn't speak on the stage and about the good communication skill was when it again goes back when I was young itself, seventh class, we were about 12 or 13 years old again and we had to present some speech on the stage, when it was a class, a classroom, I could speak very easily, I didn't take any notes and all on my hand and I had to go on the stage and I presented my speech, it was done, then it was just a class, fine, when I went to the prayer hall, exactly the main ground there we had to present it in the complete school and I was being called any teacher initially I was shivering and all again because I couldn't speak in front of the whole school, I knew my class but I don't know the other people, somehow I got the strength, I went to the stage and now I spoke completely different thing from what I spoke in the classroom and still it was somewhat related to what the topic was and I could present what the topic is to the people who are unknown of the topic, like similarly about the compilers, people who are not from committed science, if you tell about them what is the compiler is, you have to come up with different examples, so that thing started coming up in the mind and I started making new and new examples out of the field and I was able to present it to the audience which is not of the relevant field, now about the course, what remains here, is there anything remaining, there is a bad communication skill, there is a good communication skill, if something is remaining, yeah that's what I am saying, the wish list is there anything remaining, but I need to expect from the course, it's like HS 699 is mandatory for everyone, I have joined the course, now what is expected from the course, but all you guys are expecting is collaborate everything, just give it to me, like everybody is expecting something, something, something, something, something, club all thing, give it to me, I am expecting that, thank you. Hello, I am Bernali, I am from West Bengal, so I am just new joined PhD, I am working under Professor Kheerprasad and Professor Biswas sir in compiler field, so before joining here I was working in Qualcomm and to talk about best communication I had there is like I had to give a technical talk to my team and my, fortunately or unfortunately my manager was very buggy and he was never like satisfied with anything and during the appraisal meeting he always used to put the bad things first, so like he will get depressed throughout the meeting, so that time my manager was present and I was giving the talk, so first time he appreciated me, so I feel that was the best communication that I could make him understand what my point was and to talk about bad communication I remember I was in 10th standard and I was a participant, I was participating in an extempo and so it was something, the topic was something related to my school only and I was, while I was giving the speech, so suddenly I was giving it very well, it was going very smooth but suddenly I was blank and for, I spoke something but I didn't know what I spoke for last 30 second, so after that when my, I came to know okay my mind is totally blank, I was not able to relate what I talked about last 30 second, so then I abruptly stopped there, so that was the bad, I mean there is a disaster I had and wish list is what just last person told, just club everything and give it to us, okay thanks. Hello, oh sorry, hello I am Sukadeva from Sonu Badra Uttar Pradesh, my communication disaster was seminar presentation in B.T.A. for third year and I can't explain anything I know about, I know seminar topic, all topic in seminar but I can't explain anything in idea and but my good communication, I have not any good communication, I want to this subject get confident and how to manage the people, thank you. Now that Professor Fatak is here, I can quite confidently say that we won't transact any more business, he will speak for 5 minutes but he is come at the end work as they say and he's got some things that he wants to share with you, so what we will do is that we will take this consultation about what the groups, the topics that they will do offline and we will do it through Google spreadsheets and stuff like that, I have given you enough material to kind of go off and discuss, so really I didn't expect anything more in this class than forming you into groups but if you know who your groups are is not an issue you can go and have chai with them and kind of get started with your discussions. So we are happy to have with us this morning Padmasheri Deepak Fatak, Padmasheri is the least important component that is useful to us at the moment, this class is about communication, so let's talk about effective communication briefly, I will actually be engaging you in one or two lectures, I think post mid-sem is what we have planned but I wanted to share with you the theme that I will be speaking on and some homework that I want you to do. I will primarily be speaking on ethics very specifically commenting against plagiarism and how plagiarism happens even inadvertently, simultaneously my emphasis will be on increasing the quality of your written articulation, spoken articulation as many of you have seen yourselves, I think each one of you would know by now that you can do much better than what you are doing each one of you and that applies to everyone including me, so there is no end to the learning of effective communication it is a lifelong process but the earlier you do the better it is for you that is the idea.  I can guarantee that you will have umpteen mistakes there and that is because this afflicts the entire society by the way so you are a sample of the same society from which I come all of you come this happens because we as a society have been much less careful about our articulation than what we ought to develop societies pay enormous amount of efforts to teach younger people how to articulate well both written and oral articulation. Unfortunately our syllabi in the schools and colleges are getting cramped with so called academic contents and therefore for such contents which are extremely valuable in life there is hardly any time that is why we are doing it at this late stage. Now the task that I want to give you is I was interviewed once modern technology am I audible still the technology is rugged that please keep it in the back. So, I was interviewed I think more than a year ago there is a magazine called Rain Tree are you familiar with that is the IIT Bombay magazine comes out every quarterly or something like that. Now I do not have the exact web reference but I think I had downloaded that pdf file of that particular article and if you have a course Moodle a Feroza I will request to put it on the course Moodle. So, that is an interview that was published it was it is a fairly long interview talks about ethical standards and so on. From a communication point of view I would like you to do two things one find out all errors in that write up fortunately I have not written it. So, I would not take the blame although I did speak on whatever they have captured and believe me people take reasonable amount of efforts to ensure that the written articulation particularly one which is printed in issues such as rain tree or whatever or they they are done very carefully and yet we find mistakes galore. Professor Prakash with the in fact has a special expertise in finding out errors in the final proofread releases of variety of brochures and so on. So, we there would be some errors there is only one request this error finding has to be done by each individual alone is not a group exercise. So, taking help of someone at a kya error mila jara idhar bhi batane is is plagiarism is absolute plagiarism you are stealing somebody else's work and posing it as if it is your own. That is not to be done period I do not mind if someone says look I did not get time and therefore, I have not been able to do anything that is acceptable to me, but anybody even consulting a friend obtrusely just to get some hints on what could be the errors is a no no the idea is not to find how perfectly you can find all errors that is not possible for any human being there will always be errors after errors have been found. So, writing English is not much different from writing software just as you know you can never prove that your software is bug free you can never prove that an articulated passage in written English or Hindi or Marathi or Telugu is bug free there will be bug, but so you have to you have to point out those errors. I will try and put out the mechanism that is a pdf 5 you can convert it to the word by all means use office assistance to find out spelling errors and grammatical errors or something, but I will warn you that English is a very funny language in a one page write up which I had given about 20 years ago for one of my promotional interviews I had written in my career and I had misspelled career as carrier and carrier is a correct English word. So, the software did not crib and when I saw Professor Mahabal was on the interview committee smiling at some point and then showing it to another expert I immediately realized that that was the mistake. So, these things happen be careful the second thing I want you to do is I have recounted a few incidents which happened in my life which buttressed my resolve to be very ethical in my behavior I am sure there would have been occasions in your life also somewhere sometime 1920 years is a lot of years that you have spent you would have come across someone it could be a simple person it could be a very important person whatever, but some incidents which showed to you that this is ethical behavior and you felt like emulating that person or that I would like you to write that incidents in your own words short story. So, I am asking you to write a story the second part you can start doing now there are lot of time of course, you have midsames. So, after the midsame, but I would like that to be submitted before the before the lecture that I think because I would like to go through those before I take that.  If you ask me story writing will prove a bit more time consuming because you can write the story in the first shot, but I would like you to make your best effort it need not be a long five page story although I have nothing against that could be a very short story, but a story which has hit you somewhere in nineteen years saying yes this behavior is a good human behavior and given a chance I would like to emulate that any incident whether it could be with your parents, your brothers, your cousins, your neighbors, young children, simple people that you meet on the street believe me ethics can be learnt from each and every human being. So, there would be some instance describe that in your own words is that fair thank you so much all the best.


Hello everyone, I am Gianlo Gabbrian and I am here to talk about our paper Non-Malleable Secret Sharing Against Bounded Joint Tampering Attacks in the Plain Model. So let's start with what Secret Sharing is. Secret Sharing is a cryptographic primitive in which a dealer wants to share a secret message among NNet parties so that only certain subsets of parties are able to reconstruct the message. As simplicity in this talk I'll only consider T-out event secret sharing, however in our paper we actually consider more general access structures. When considering T-out event secret sharing the correctness property states that T or more parties are allowed to fully reconstruct the message by pulling their shares together, while the privacy property states that less than T colluding parties cannot learn any information about the secret. Now, even if a secret sharing scheme is secured in the sense of the privacy definition, an attacker could try to obtain information about the secret in some other subtle ways. For example, the attacker could leak some information from possibly all the shares in order to obtain information about the secret, or he could also try to manipulate the shares and then manage to see the result of this manipulation on the reconstructed message. Since this kind of attacks are quite powerful, recent trends in cryptography initiated the study of proper countermeasures. In particular, in 2018, Kumar Mekka and Sahai came up with leakage resilient secret sharing in which they achieved a secret sharing scheme that is secure even if the attacker manages to leak a small amount of information from possibly all the shares. Before them, in the same year, Goyal and Kumar came up with non-malleable secret sharing that is a secret sharing scheme in which even if the attacker manipulates the shares, the resulting reconstructed message is completely unrelated to the original one. Subsequent work kept in captainancing these two properties and often they are achieved together in what is called leakage resilient normal ability. Clearly, we have to put some restrictions since, for example, the attacker could jointly leak from all the shares and simply output their constructed secret. For this reason, leakage resilience and normal ability are always defined against particular family source functions. In our paper, we consider joint leakage and tampering attack models both under selective partitioning and under semi-adaptive partitioning. About the leakage model, we consider bounded leakage in which the adversary is allowed to obtain a leakage string that is at most L bits long, possibly also using multiple queries. Under selective partitioning, we prove that any one-time statistically non-malleable secret sharing scheme is also leakage resilient. And in this setting, we also obtain a corollary for lower bounds in the size of the shares of non-malleable secret sharing schemes. Actually, the proof of this fact is quite straightforward. By proving that any non-malleable secret sharing scheme is also leakage resilient, it only suffices to apply a result from Nielsen and Simkin in 2020 for lower bounds in the size of the shares for leakage resilient secret sharing schemes. As for semi-adaptive partitioning, this is almost like adaptive partitioning, but with some restrictions on the tampering query. In this setting, we construct a one-time non-malleable secret sharing scheme achieving security against joint leakage and tampering under semi-adaptive partitioning. And finally, we use known techniques to construct a compiler that takes any one-time statistically non-malleable secret sharing scheme and outputs a p-time computationally non-malleable secret sharing scheme. Okay, let's see more in detail how these models work. In the case of selective partitioning, the adversary commits to a particular authorized subset of its choice, which we call the reconstruction set, and also commits to a particular partition of known overlapping subsets of the reconstruction set. After that, the adversary is free to leak from all the shares within each subset. In particular, in a leakage query, the adversary outputs some functions g1, g2 and so on, for each subset, and each function takes as input all the shares in its subset and outputs a binary string. After the adversary is done with leakage, he is also allowed to output a tampering query f1, f2 and so on, and in this case, each function takes as input all the shares within the subset where it is defined, and outputs other shares within the same subset. Then, the reconstruction is computed using the new shares and the adversary only sees the result of the reconstruction. In this setting, we prove that any one-time non-malleable secret sharing scheme is also L-bounded leakage resilient. We proceed by complexity-leverging, and in particular, we construct a reduction that tries to guess the leakage string. First of all, the reduction commits to the same reconstruction set and partition of the adversary. Then, upon receiving a leakage query, the reduction samples a random binary string of the size of the expected output and returns it to the adversary. For simplicity here, I only consider one leakage query, however, with the same technique, we actually prove security even in the presence of multiple leakage queries. After the leakage phase, the adversary outputs its tampering query, and now the reduction constructs a new tampering query that hardwires the original one and all the leakage functions with their respective randomly sampled answers. The new tampering query checks if the guess on the leakage is correct, and if not, invalidates the reconstructed message. In particular, since each tampering function fi takes as input the exact same shares of the corresponding leakage function gi, the new tampering function fi hat computes gi and checks if the result is equal to the random guess. If it is so, then it applies fi to the shares, and otherwise it destroys the shares so that the resulting reconstructed message is not a valid message. Moreover, since we are considering tampering on a minimal authorized subset and we are considering a partition of that subset, every share is needed in order to reconstruct the secret, and therefore the adversary cannot bypass the check on the leakage. In other words, if the guess on the leakage is wrong, then we are completely sure that the tampering fails and the reconstruction and the reduction we see is both as an answer. Okay, so the reduction now sends the new tampering query to the challenger and forwards the answer to the adversary, and finally it outputs the same distinguishing bit as the adversary. For the analysis, suppose that the adversary has an advantage of the more than epsilon, and let's figure out what the advantage of the reduction is. First, when the adversary manages to guess the leakage, the view of the adversary is the same as in the real experiment. In fact, the answer to the leakage query is correct and also the answer to the tampering query is computed by using the tampering function of the adversary. On the other hand, when the adversary does not guess the leakage, then the view of the adversary is completely independent of the secret shared message and thus it is completely independent of the challenge bit. And this is because when the guess on the leakage is wrong, the adversary obtains a uniformly random string instead of the actual leakage, and moreover the guess on the leakage being wrong causes the new tampering function of the reduction to replace the shares with garbage, and therefore the reconstructed message is replaced with both regardless of it being M0 or M1. So being both the result of the leakage and the result of the tampering independent of the shared message, so is the view of the adversary, and therefore he has now no advantage at all. Finally, since the adversary is limited to ask a model at most L bits of leakage, the string that the reduction randomly samples is at most L bits long, hence the probability of guessing the right leakage string is 2 to the minus L, and the advantage of the reduction is more than 2 to the minus L times epsilon, and this means that if there exists an adversary breaking leakage resilient normalability, then it is possible to break simple normalability, and this concludes the proof. In the case of semi-adaptive partitioning, the adversary is allowed to perform the same queries as in the selective case, however here the adversary does not commit to a particular reconstruction set or partition, but he is allowed to choose a different partition for each query. The only restriction we require is that there are no partial overlaps between the tampering partition and the leakage partitions. In other words, for each subset X of the tampering partition and each subset Y out of each leakage partition, either Y is inside X or it is outside X. It is not allowed to have some shares of Y inside X and some other shares of Y outside X. Informally, this allows us to create the tampering query almost like if it was in the selective partitioning model, while the leakage queries resemble more the adaptive partitioning model. In this setting, normalability is much easier to achieve than in the original adaptive partitioning, and this allows us to prove security of our construction. Actually, our construction is inspired by the construction of Goyal and Kumar and involves a normalable code and two distinct secret sharing schemes with different parameters. In particular, the normalable code outputs a left share and a right share, and then we apply a joint leakage resilient secret sharing scheme to the left share realizing a T out of N access structure that is the same as the one we want to achieve, and then we apply another joint leakage resilient secret sharing scheme to the right share with a reconstruction threshold of approximately the square root of T. Finally, we obtain the new shares by concatenating each left share with the respective right share. As for the proof, we generalize the analysis of Kumar-Meghan-Sahai, and in particular we obtain the leakage and tampering existence of the scheme to be against joint attacks with up to square root of T shares in the semi-adaptive partitioning model. The actual proof is quite long and full of details, so I'll only summarize the key ideas here. First of all, once the tampering clue arrives, we split the reconstruction set into two non-overlapping subsets, T0 and T1, so that T0 has sufficiently many shares to reconstruct the right share of the normalable code. Then we proceed by hybrid argument. In the first hybrid argument, we replace all the left shares within T1 with valid shares of the same secret message that are consistent with the leakage performed by the adversary. Here is where the restriction on the semi-adaptive partitioning comes into play. In fact, without this restriction, some of the shares in T1 may be related to shares of T0 by the output of some leakage query. However, semi-adaptive partitioning ensures us that this does not happen and therefore it is safe to resemble all the shares within T1 without actually knowing the shares in T0. The rest of the proof is similar to the one by Kumar, McKensahay, and in particular we move to the second hybrid experiment by replacing all the left shares with left shares of a secret sharing of a dummy value. And for the third and the fourth hybrid experiment, we simply reapply the same ideas of the first and the second hybrid experiments to the right shares. The only difference in this case being that where we're sampling the right shares for the tampering, we need to be consistent also with the modifications introduced in the previous hybrid experiments. Finally, since the tampering on the left shares and on the right shares can be computed independently, it is now safe to reduce the non-malability of the non-malable code and this finally concludes the proof. As an application, we construct a compiler that takes a leakage resilient one-time statistical non-malable secret sharing scheme and outputs a p-times computationally non-malable secret sharing scheme. Actually, we use known techniques from paper achieving continuous non-malability and in particular in our construction we sample random coins for a commitment scheme, then we compute a commitment to the secret message using the sample randomness and we secretly share the concatenation of the secret message and the randomness. The final right share is composed by the commitment and the right share of the underlying secret sharing message. The reconstruction algorithm works as follows. Each share is parsed in a pair commitment in our share and then the algorithm checks that all the commitments are actually the same. If it is the case, the algorithm proceeds to reconstruct the secret along with the randomness and finally verifies that the pair message randomness is a valid opening for the received commitment. If not, it outputs both, otherwise it outputs the actual secret message. The key ideas of the proof are very similar to the ones in Breanne Faunioff in 2019 and in particular we proceed by induction over the number of queries. In each step, we simulate the tampering with leakage by obtaining the mold commitment and then extracting the respective secret message. When the final tampering query occurs, we then check that everything we have done so far is correct and if not, we abort, otherwise we proceed to forward the tampering query to the challenger and the respective answer to the adversity. Since we use a perfectly binding commitment scheme, we only achieve security in the computational setting and since we consider the bound and leakage model instead of the noisy leakage model, considered by Breanne Faunioff and Turi, we are only able to achieve p-time normality with p being fixed a priori. However, we obtain security against a larger class of attacks that is joint tampering under both selective and semi-adaptive partitioning. Moreover, it is always possible to increase the parameter p by increasing the amount of leakage allowed by the underlying secret sharing scheme. So, summing up, our results are the following. We prove that any non-malleable secret sharing scheme is also leakage resilient. We construct a leakage resilient one-time non-malleable secret sharing scheme that is secure against semi-adaptive partitioning and we find corollaries proving lower bounds on the size of the shares of a non-malleable secret sharing scheme and finally we construct a p-time non-malleable secret sharing scheme in the computational setting that is secure both against selective and semi-adaptive partitioning. As for the open problems, we are currently working on this topic and actually we have some preliminary work in progress towards the following over problems. The first one is the construction of a continuously un-malleable secret sharing scheme against joint tampering under selective partitioning. In this paper, we only achieve p-time non-malleability and at the moment the only two schemes achieving continuous non-malleability are either secure against independent tampering only or secure in the common reference string model but we would like to obtain security against a larger class of attacks and at the same time we want to get rid of the necessity of either a trusted third party or an un-tamperable swing. However, we leave it open to find out to construct a continuously un-malleable secret sharing scheme that is secure even in the presence of semi-adaptive or even more adaptive partitioning. The second problem we are working on is to improve the rate that is the ratio between the size of the message and the size of the shares. Towards this, we are going to improve this asymptotic rate thus reducing the gap. However, we still do not know if the same optimal rate of classical secret sharing from craftseats, paver, secret sharing made short also applies to non-malleable secret sharing or if non-malleability requires a further limitation on the size of the shares even in the computational setting. And that's it. Thank you very much for your attention and enjoy the rest of the conference.