Hi, this is Zoe. I'm with People's Dispatch. We're here at the Shabazz Center in historic Harlem in New York City, where Miguel Diaz-Canel, the president of Cuba, just participated in an OMA's Jew, Malcolm X, who was assassinated here. He came here accompanied by the Cuban delegation that is participating in the 78th session of the UN General Assembly. We have come to honor Malcolm X and to give tribute to our brothers and sisters, Afro-American, to the people of the United States, to those who fight for justice against exploitation and segregation, and to all those who believe, as Malcolm and Fidel believed, that a better world is possible. The Cuban Revolution. The Cuban people will never forget their role in inviting Lides de Verde to their delegation to host them in the Teresa Hotel, in the heart of the black neighborhood of Harlem, when the Cuban presence in the United Nations was planned in 1960. When it became clear that President Castro and the Cubans would not back down, at the Council of My Father, the historic Hotel Teresa, and Harlem opened its doors. It is an honor, Mr. President. It's a privilege, once again, to be welcoming you and our Cuban friends on the eve of the 65th anniversary of a historic encounter that's been memorialized just 38 blocks away. From here, when the people of Harlem, as our sister Ilyasha stated, joined Malcolm X in welcoming President Fidel Castro and the Cuban delegation to the Teresa Hotel on September 19, 1960. Diaz Canel wanted to have an action where he could connect with the people of New York City, connect with the black community of New York City, which historically has had very strong ties with the Cuban people. Our President, when he came, because he was coming to New York, he thought it would be nice to pay tribute to Malcolm X. An important political figure of the United States was well-known in Cuba and who struggle for civil rights, for human rights. Afro-Americans, mainly, and Americans in general, are well-known in our country. By doing so, we will be paying tribute to the people of the United States, to this nation, with which Cuba would like to have and to develop strong bonds and links that could be useful and beneficial for both countries. This was a meeting where people shared words, people remembered. This meeting remembered the very strong bond between these two peoples, who, as they said, fought against white supremacy, fought against imperialism. And this bond is one that continues today. This was evident with the presence of dozens of leaders from the black community here in New York and from across the nation. A very important action in the midst of this General Assembly, where Miguel Diaz Canel will be representing both his country, Cuba, and also speaking on behalf of the G77-plus group in the United Nations. This is the largest group in the UN, representing 80% of the world's population, representing largely global South nations that have come to the UN to bring these very important demands of economic equality in an end to the unjust economic order that currently dominates the world systems. The bonds between Cubans and African Americans represent the shared values of justice, dignity, and freedom from oppression. Leaders like President Castro and my father dare to dream of a world free from racism and colonialism. Though they are no longer with us physically, their examples shine brightly, and their legacies live on in each one of us. It's a legacy that we have all inherited when both leaders taught that humanity is not locked into a perpetual state of submission and oppression. We know that despite the hegemony of global capitalism, racism, poverty, wars, and the acceleration of the environmental degradation that we must never, that we must never take defeat. It is not an option for us. It is not an option for us. From Harlem to Havana, it is the same struggle, the same fight. In the last few decades, with respect to admiration and mutual affection, it will be the most beautiful proof of how much we have in common the children of both peoples that we believe in justice and fight for it. Long live the friendship between our peoples.


So in the previous video for lecture 22, we introduced the notion of Dedekin's axiom of continuity, which we then have adapted as our one and only continuity axiom, which when conjoined with the incidence betweenness and congruence axioms, forms what we call a neutral geometry. Now, as Hilbert, David Hilbert, went about to try to axiomize Euclidean geometry, be aware that if you just remove the Euclidean parallel postulate, then you have the axioms for neutral geometry. So Hilbert axiomized neutral geometry when he was axiomatizing Euclidean geometry. He took two axioms of continuity. His first axiom of continuity is the so-called axiom of Archimedes, which we have listed on the screen right now, listed as the Archimedean principle. We will talk more about that in just one second. His second axiom of continuity known as the posture of line completeness. Well, honestly, in that rendition, it was a little bit more complicated than we wanted to take on, which is why we adopted Dedekin's axiom instead. From the geometric point of view, understanding that the material presented in this lecture series is meant for undergraduate mathematics students, I personally believe that the Dedekin axiom has the advantage of being much simpler to approach for the audience, but also one axiom will serve both. We'll talk about in a second how Dedekin's axiom implies the Archimedean principle, because after all, the Dedekin's axiom is trying to capture this notion of completeness of the real line. Hilbert took that as an axiom, but in his language of the axiom, I mean, not German. I mean, we'll say this in English, of course, but when we talk about the posture of line completeness, it was framed in somewhat of the following manner. This is just a quote from Wallace and West Rhodes to Geometry textbook. An extension, so this is the posture of line completeness, an extension of a set of points on a line with its order and congruence relations that would preserve the relations existing among the original elements as well as the fundamental properties of line order and congruence that follow from axioms one through three and five is impossible. Wow. Sorry, that's really an impregnable axiom in my mind. It's like, what does that even mean? So by that in contrast, you could perhaps see why the Dedekin's axiom that we presented in the previous lecture was much more approachable than Hilbert's original axioms of congruence.  For which in this video, I want to talk about three sort of weaker axioms of continuity. That is the weaker than the Dedekin axiom we adopted in the previous lecture video but I also want to make mention that these three principles which we're going to call continuity principles because we won't adapt them as axioms of neutral geometry because all three of these are theorems of neutral geometry. That is Dedekin's axiom combined with the other axioms of neutral geometry can be used to prove these. So these are all theorems of neutral geometry but if you didn't accept these axioms, that is if you didn't accept Dedekin's axioms, you could still take the axioms of congruence geometry and equip one of these principles to it and you would have some notion of continuity then added to that geometry. It wouldn't be full-blown neutral geometry but you would have a weaker form. And I'll comment about that in a second because for example we know that our, the Euclidean plane, our squared is a neutral geometry. We have, we also talked about how the rational plane is not a neutral geometry because there are some problems with continuity. I'm going to use these two examples to help tease out the difference of these weaker continuity axioms. Alright, so I mentioned it a couple of times. Let's refer to the Archimedean principle. I like, what is it? So the Archimedean principle, we'll state this as a theorem of neutral geometry but you could adopt this as a weaker axiom of continuity. The Archimedean principle says the following. Given a segment AB and a ray R who emanates from the vertex C, for each point D that's on the ray but is distinct from the vertex itself, there exists an integer N and a point E on the ray such that the segment CE is congruent to the segment N times AB. And we have one of two things, either the points E and D coincide with each other or D is between C and E. This is a situation where drawing a picture really helps, helps clarify what's happening here. So we have our line segment and we have a ray. The ray is the longer one. I just put an arrowhead on over here. This ray is our ray R. It has as its vertex the point C. We have this line segment A and B over here. The Archimedean principle says the following. If we take any point on the ray, which we'll call that point D, what we can do is we can take some number of copies of the segment AB and eventually we will surpass the point D. So if we take one copy of AB, we get something like this, A and B. Then we take some other copy of AB. We can copy it over here. So this is another A. This is another B. We can take another copy of AB. Let's say something like this. So we take another copy of AB, something like this. So with my diagram, we have the segment 3 AB. And so this very final point, we call that point E. And the idea is the segment CE is congruent to the segment 3 times AB. And where did D lie in this situation? D then sits between C and E in this construction. Now, it's possible that D and E could actually be the same point. By quink-a-dink, you could have that E lands on D. That's a possibility. But most likely E and D are not the same point in which case D is improperly in this interval. So the idea is if you take any ray, you could copy it. Eventually, it'll surpass any other ray. And so this is the Archimedean principle. This is a very important principle in real analysis. And as such, it's an important consequence on, of course, the neutral geometry here. Now, I should mention that, well, if we have the Archimedean principle, does it make sense to talk about a non-Archimedean geometry, a geometry that doesn't satisfy this condition? That would be made possible if you had a geometry where intervals potentially have infinite length or perhaps infinitesimal length, all right? If you had an interval, for whatever reason, if you have a geometry where it's consistent to give segments length and say there's some segments that are infinite length, but there are some segments with finite length. Well, if you have a segment of finite length, there's no amount of copying that segment that'll ever make it be infinite length. And therefore, a finite interval can never cover an infinite interval. You know, assuming your geometry allowed for such things. It also works if you had some type of infinitesimal length. For example, with the hyperreal numbers, that's something you might consider. If you have a segment whose length is an infinitesimal, it doesn't matter if you take any finite amount of an infinitesimal length, you'll never reach a finite length. And so a non-Archimedean geometry would be something of that nature. Now, of course, the real plane, that is the Euclidean plane, is Archimedean, because it's a neutral geometry. I should mention, of course, that an Archimedean geometry, what we're defining here is going to be a geometry that satisfies the Archimedean principle. Remember, as we defined previously, a complete geometry, it's going to be a geometry that satisfies Dedekind's axiom. We'll say an Archimedean geometry is a geometry which satisfies the Archimedean principle, which you could take as a continuity axiom. Of course, neutral geometries are Archimedean, so the Euclidean plane, hyperbolic plane, these are Archimedean geometries. But I should mention that the rational plane is likewise an Archimedean geometry. We saw in the previous video that Q2 does not satisfy Dedekind's axiom of continuity, but it does satisfy the Archimedean principle of continuity. So while Q2 does not have the full-blown continuity that the Euclidean plane does, Q2 does have some notions of continuity. In particular, the continuity principle is in play there. So the second one that we have listed on the screen is what we call the circular continuity principle. Again, this is a weaker form of the Dedekind axiom. As in, the Dedekind axiom implies this. If you have Dedekind's axiom, you have the Archimedean principle. If you have Dedekind's axiom, you have the circular continuity principle, which therefore for neutral geometry, every neutral geometry has the circular continuity principle, which states if each of two circles has one point inside of the other and one point outside of the other, then the two circles intersect at two distinct places. So if we have two circles, you have one illustrated here in yellow, another one illustrated here in blue, and so notice that with respect to the yellow circle, there is an interior point here, which is out of the blue circle. There is an exterior point of the yellow circle that's inside the blue circle, but then it goes the other way around. This blue point is actually an interior point to the blue circle, but not in the yellow circle. And then this point is exterior to the blue circle, but interior to the yellow circle. So this situation satisfies the assumptions in play here about interior and exterior points. So then the circular continuity principle then guarantees that there will be two points of intersection between the circles, just as is outlined here on the screen. Now of course in the real plane, which is a neutral geometry, we always have this. These two circles are going to intersect. On the other hand, if you look at the rational plane, this property is not satisfied. You can have two rational circles, which one point is inside the other exterior interior points there, but there's no points of intersection. That is to say, we can have these two rational circles because what does it mean to have a rational circle? You're taking all these points which are equidistant from the center for some fixed distance right here, your radius, but to be a rational circle, your coordinates have to be two rational numbers, two fractions of integers. It could be that, oh, we have a rational circle in blue, we have a rational circle in yellow, but the points of intersection would actually be irrational points, which are not part of the rational plane, but are still part of the Euclidean plane. And so this is the problem with the rational plane with regard to continuity that is. Sure, it satisfies the Archimedean principle, but it doesn't satisfy circular continuity because circles might not intersect each other, even though they're overlapping circles. In a neutral geometry, overlapping circles always intersect, but that's not always the case. And so this shows you that the Archimedean principle is too weak a continuity principle to imply other things like circular continuity, because the rational plane is Archimedean, but it's not circular continuous, which is evidence that it's not a neutral geometry. All right, but Dedekind's axioms can prove this. We're not going to provide the proof in this video, but using Dedekind cuts and such, you can argue that these circles must have two points of intersection if they're overlapping. And then finally, I want to mention a simpler version of circular continuity. You have the elementary continuity principle, which will be a theorem of neutral geometry because it turns out that the Dedekind's axiom can be used to imply circular continuity. And then if you have circular continuity, that itself is alone to prove elementary continuity. Therefore, Dedekind, of course, implies both of them, and it implies all three of them on the screen right now. So this is a theorem of neutral geometry. What is circular continuity here? If one endpoint of a segment is inside of a circle and the other endpoint is outside of the circle, same circle there, then the segment must then intersect the circle. So we have our circle right here. We have a line segment that might be doing something like this. So one endpoint of the segment is inside the circle. The other one is outside of the circle. Then the elementary continuity principle then provides that there must be a point of intersection between the segment and the circle. Now with the rational plane, you have the sort of the same problem that we saw before with circular continuity. You can have a circle which consists of only rational points. That is, you only take the points in the plane with rational coordinates and those points are equidistant from the center, which necessarily is a rational number. That would then give you a rational circle. You can take a rational segment which, okay, this endpoint is a rational coordinate, this endpoint is a rational coordinate, and you take all the points in between those which are rational points. Well, it could be that the point of intersection that you would expect is actually irrational and therefore doesn't belong to the rational plane. So the rational plane is in fact our comedian, but it does not have circular continuity, nor does it have the weaker form of elementary continuity. But of course in the real plane, aka the Euclidean plane, you have circular continuity, which then implies elementary continuity. The hyperbolic plane has this as well. So these are all theorems that we can take for granted in a neutral geometry, but you could take these three principles as weaker versions of continuity. Dedekin, like I said, the Dedekin axiom here, it implies the Archimedean principle. It implies circular continuity. Circular continuity implies elementary continuity, thus the Dedekin axiom takes care of all of those. And so there do exist geometries which are Archimedean, but they don't have these other principles like Q2. There do exist non-Archimedean geometries that violate that one, but maybe they could satisfy circular continuity, right? Of course there can be geometries which satisfy elementary continuity, but don't satisfy circular continuity. So these are all weaker forms of continuity axioms, but with our coverage of neutral geometry, because we have the Dedekin axiom of continuity, we have all three of these principles as well.


Dear students, in this module we shall discuss the action potentials. Action potentials are the type of signals that neurons use to send information along the nervous system for long distances. The action potentials are brief but large changes in membrane potential that are propagated along the X-zone without decrement i.e., come, who, a, b, r, all the intensity equally move. The action potentials are very important as they control the effector responses, they control the activation of voltage-gated ion channels, they control muscle contractions and they also cause exocytosis.  The first step is the stimulation. The next step is the rising phase in which depolarization occurs. The third phase is the peak phase and then fourth is the falling phase in which repolarization occurs. While the last phase of action potential is the undershoot also known as after hyperpolarization. We will study these phases in detail. First of all, let us talk about stimulation. When a stimulus is received at exon hillock, exon hillock is the place where action potential is generated and this place has voltage-gated ion channels in it. So the stimulus causes the sodium channels to open in the neuronal membrane. When sodium channels open, sodium ions start to influx. This results in change in membrane potential locally which is called depolarization. As a result of depolarization, membrane potential becomes positive, relatively positive. Then a depolarization of about minus 55 to minus 30 millivolt is known as threshold. That can trigger an action potential. If the intensity of the stimulus is less than this threshold, it is called a sub-threshold. It also causes depolarization but these depolarizations cannot initiate an action potential. After a threshold has acted on the exon hillock, sodium ions start to enter and membrane potential becomes less negative. This causes more sodium channel to open, causing an even greater influx of sodium ions. Here positive feedback occurs, which causes more sodium ions to enter and more sodium channels open. Because the potassium channels are still closed, that is why sodium current dominates and membrane potential starts to become positive. The sodium channels become maximally open. At this stage, the positive feedback slows down. The membrane potential reaches a maximum, that is close to the sodium equilibrium potential of positive 55 millivolts. At this stage, further depolarization stops and it is known as the peak. The voltage-gated sodium channels start to close. So no further influx of sodium ions occurs. The voltage-gated potassium channels start to open. As a result, potassium ions start to outflow and this continues towards the potassium equilibrium potential of minus 58 millivolts. Result is repolarization, that is reversal of membrane potential. However, the membrane repolarization initiates closing of potassium channels. When potassium channels start to close, then the repolarization process slows down. But, potassium channels are delayed rectifiers and they are activated late. That is why the potassium ions keep outflow. As a result, the membrane potential dips even below the normal resting membrane potential. This means that membrane has become hyperpolarized. This brief hyperpolarization is known as undershoot or after hyperpolarization. It persists till the potassium permeability returns to the normal value.


If you have been vaccinated, which most of you have, then not outpouring sets of larger events. Those of you who are not in a case-by-case basis. But when you're inside, in class, or in some of the places, or mathematically in a race situation, please do wear this. So thank you very much. We appreciate that. And this is, again, something that we're doing to start this semester. And in this semester, we're going to reassess the continued need for more masking and deciding that final product. So this is a starting to make sure we stay safe and then reassess on some of that related to policy. Okay, thank you very much. I'm going to turn the point now over to my colleague, Matt Dunlop-Witch, to say a few things. My name is Michael Rodney-Boyle. As the dean said, I pronounce R.E.K.M. and I.I.S. And the assistant dean of admissions has been emailing you relentlessly over the last year. I want to welcome all of you to orientation 22. Tonight I want you all to learn a little bit about the class that you've joined, the class of 2024. And some of the interesting things your classmates have done.  I want you all to know that we admitted every single one of you for a reason. You didn't make a mistake, I promise you. You can and you will do this. I mean that. Your classmates come from all over the country. The top theater states in your class will not surprise you. It's rival. With 33% of your classmates. Massachusetts takes up 14% of your class. And New York 12%. 7% are from Connecticut. Surprisingly, California and New Jersey are tied this year for the fifth slot. Both the garden state and the golden state have 4% of your class. There are six Floridians here and Michigan sent us four students. Overall there are 31 U.S. states and territories in your class. All the rest of the states I did not mention sent us three or less students. I did not mention that three of your classmates come from Canada. There is a wide range of undergraduate colleges and universities in your class. Just to give you a sample of some of the schools that sent us two or more students. Those include Colby College, Penn State University Park, University of Colorado Boulder, as well as Colorado Springs. GW, Michigan State, Connecticut College, Syracuse. There are and University of Toronto. There are nine schools in the top eight feeder schools to your class. There are two-way ties from the seventh spot on the University of South Carolina and the University at Albany. Each is four. In the fifth spot there is a three-way tie between Ryland College and the University of Connecticut at Stores and the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, each with five students. Johnson-Wales University is in fourth place with six students. Providence College in third with seven students. And the University of Ryland is in second place with ten students. For the first time in a number of years, our own Ratchfield University has no students in the class with eleven students entering GO Hawks. Your class has done many amazing things. But some of the most unique things you have done, you have done can be a bully. All of you are surviving and thriving in the midst of a global pandemic and have now to embark on your law school career. You were the first class of students ever primarily to be outside in the comfort of your own home while someone watched them from afar. You were also the first class that was recruited remotely in virtual law school forums and college centers. It's been quite the journey and I am thrilled to see all of you in person and not on Zoom. You should know you have some amazing classmates. They have been teachers, paralegals, reporters, and serve in the military.  You have a classmate that founded an art gallery, another who created a web-based health platform. In a classmate, you can create a company that recreates exotic tap water from around the globe for high-end restaurants. A number of you have been involved in the cannabis industry. We have somebody who is a cannabis investigator navigating that regulatory world, someone else who lobbied for the national organization for the reform of marijuana laws, and another classmate has run a medical marijuana company. You have been active on your campuses. We have a couple presidents of hot hall councils, some of them in ROTC, and someone else who works at their campus radio station. A number of you have worked on diversity, equity, and inclusion issues on your campuses, including the president of students organized for Black and Hispanic unity, and the founder of a multicultural student union. Many of you have been involved in college athletics, including division of swimming, soccer, and travel. I would also note that we have a number of rugby players in the class, mostly women. Going through your class personal statements and resumes, we notice an unusual number of students that have been involved with animals. We have competitive equestrians. We have a dog motion from Alaska, and somebody helped with swine research in Michigan. That's just a small sample. One of your classmates even has a pot belly pig named for detective militia vests from Lawnmere SPU. Speaking of SPU, someone else in your class did production work on Lawnmere SPU. Actually, a number of your classmates were involved in the arts entertainment. A classmate has done video editing of documentaries about the women's march and about lawyers behaving badly. Another classmate has done tech work for Improv Boston and someone else has written commercial jingles. We also have members of Ukraine, Indian, and Afro-Caribbean dance groups. Your class has a member of Puerto Rico's synchronized swimming team and a silver medal winner from the Pan-American Games in Venezuela for the deaf women's basketball team. The class of 2024 has been unusually politically involved, including the president of a college Republican chapter in a camp or circle around a Democratic Party. Your classmates have attended some of the country's biggest political events, including the State of the Union address and a CPAP convention. One member of your class played one of the Super Bowls of American politics, the McIntyre Schoenberg in New Hampshire.  You have classmates who volunteered on both the Bernie Sanders and the Pete Buttigieg campaigns, and one of your classmates was an intern on Lindsey Graham's Senate re-election campaign. You have interned for a wide range of politicians from Rhode Island's Congressman David Cicely to South Carolina Senator Tim Scott. A number of you are active politically here in Rhode Island, including the Rhode Island president of the National Organization of Women, a legislative aide for the Rhode Island Senate president, a policy analyst for the Rhode Island House of Representatives, and even we even have the Rhode Island House of Representatives in majority women class. At a school that celebrates its social justice mission, we are excited to welcome those of you who have been on the front lines of better society. Your classmates have taught me your rights classes in the Bronx, worked at Legal Aid in the San Diego, marched against the murder of women in Mexico, served with senior year at Boston, and have been arrested protesting at Rhode Island's immigrant detentions. Our nationally known Marina Faire's Institute always attracts folks who are interested in coastal backgrounds, and this year is no different. This year's class includes someone who served in the East Corp, creating coastal management plans in the Philippines, someone who developed a podcast of Water Harbor State, and someone who worked as a marine planner assisting an offshore agreement. Your class also has someone who is a diet instructor in Hawaii, a deckhand on a 72 foot racing sailboat on a new board, and a marine bamboo anchor at the Texas State Aquarium. A number of you took less traditional tasks to get here. Some started their education in community colleges. More than one of you were not admitted the first time you applied here, but came back at the process and gated missions this year, and we are so proud to have you in this room. We know what it's like to be unstable in the house, to have parents in court, or to have family involved in criminal justice system. You put your education on hold to have children. The average age of your class is 26, higher than our normal, and 15% of your class is 30 years of age or older. Your class speaks at least 16 languages, including American Sign Language, Armenian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Haitian Creole, Italian, Arabic, Hindi, Urdu, Pushtu, Telugu, Greek, German, Korean, and Russian. Some of the most impressive people in your class did not found companies, did not publish research, did not have internships in various organizations. Some of the most impressive people in your class were working around college, driving computers, waiting tables, working at supermarkets and as baristas at Starbucks, whatever they needed to do to pay the bills to get their education. We truly honor that journey as well. Like 27% of your class, I was a first-generation college student. I had no fancy internships, and worked in a food court in my free time and made for my education. I've read your files. I know I'm not the only one with that set of experiences. I want all of you to know that you belong here.  Your class is overwhelmingly female. 58% of your class identifies as female, 99% as male, and 2% as gender non-binary or gender non-female. 11% of your class identifies as a member of the LGBTQ plus community. 2% of your class served in the military, representing all four races. In this moment of rhetoric in our country's history, where we continue to affirm that black lives matter, we are pleased to report that 10% of your class identifies as black as all or more of their heritage. Overall, 26% of your class identifies as black. I am also very pleased to welcome our Masters of Studies of Law students to our community. These students mainly working professionals will be taking classes alongside our JD students while they are in their MSL degree. I think you will value the respect that these students will add to your experience. Thanks to COVID, I have come to realize that the law school you were joining is far more than our facility. It's our community. This law school is a living, breathing place separate and apart from our community. It is a set of core values that truly make this law school special. Our commitment to our students, the deep experiential learning, the social justice, the diversity, equity, and so on. The team of admissions office, Tom, Kate, Wendy and I, we all want to say thank you for opening up and sharing your colorful stories with us with the privilege to get to know all of you. Please don't be strangers to the admissions office. We are excited to embark on this journey and see how each of you will change your world. So on behalf of all of us at Roger Blaine University, I'm just bringing economics from the University of Exeter in the UK and his JD from Northwestern. The spirit of my career remarks, Dean Bowman lived in Denmark, speaks Danish, and enjoys woodworking and building furniture when he actually has free time. Dean Bowman practiced international trade law in Washington DC and Chicago. His work involved trade sanctions in North Korea, espionage, money laundering, bribery, really, really boring stuff. He began his teaching career at Mississippi College of Law before joining the law faculty at West Virginia University. Dean of West Virginia in 2014. With that, I am so proud to hand the class of 2024 for the Dean of Crater Regional. So hello again. Again, in a part of the day, we've been over a year, we're excited to welcome you into the legal profession. Some speakers for you today. To talk with you, big inventions have your career in it. It's about being here at Roger Blaine University so Michael said a key point is your community. You're not the building. I'm going to introduce our line of speakers one by one. If you can give them your full attention, we have some wonderful folks for today. And we start with our very own chairperson. I'm proud to introduce to you President Dr. Janis Mialis to say a few words. Dr. Mialis is a leading innovator in higher education and he is a true friend of the law school. And I did join in 2019 at the University of Kansas. I did my on campus interview and you might say, wow, that is both brave and a shot of black judgment. But I joined because this is a university that has so much to say and so much more potential. The law school has a wonderful mission and I have the opportunity to work with Dr. Janis and he's a big review of why I came. President Mialis is a native of Greece. He received his bachelor's degree from Tuscany University. A master's degree of mechanical engineering from MIT. A master's in economics, TUS and his PhD from Tuscany and he served as the dean of the School of Engineering of Tuscany University from 1994 to 2002. And he served as the president and director of the Boston Science Museum from 2003 until joining the Broadway University as its president in 2008. He has a well-earned reputation for effective teaching and planning and innovative thinking. And I am really pleased to be here at Birmingham with him right away at the university and the school fall. So I can say a lot more about, to be honest, about his fund-raising skills and his awesome commitment about his dedication to making the university a better place and serving for an island the region during the nation by his focus on making the university an innovative place that trains future leaders and also and also and all that is true but I'll close my introduction by saying that our university that led by a person who understands that life is an adventure to be able to experience and to live to the fullest because we have a vision of a fantastic show. So free in front of this Dr. Piazzaura says you'd like to come over to my house to conduct your dinner yes thank you because so here's what made me a different world in helping people in making this university a better place to work to be honest we're glad you're here thank you so much please give a warm welcome to the start of your journey to becoming distinguished lawyers and jurors you're on to the Roger Williams family because you are close to students but also your one of my favorite moments as Roger Williams is before I even decided to come here for another day interview I had incognito lunches to meet the students in the dining hall I prepared them as a future student here I'm trying to see there are different spots actually I was having three lunches a day and in the first place I sat next to a young woman a young man a young woman's woman was a first year and a young man was a freshman and they had this wonderful conversation that went through politics and the lives of Roger Williams Bristol campus they were engaged and I do encourage you to blend with other students around campus and stick with your fellow law students because you can offer a lot especially to the younger students but also you can learn a lot by the rest of the community members here Roger Williams law office prevents opportunities inside and outside of a classroom Roger Williams is the best law school in Rotary and of course the oldest school in Rotary but the advantage of being only close to the Rotary you get a lot of attention a lot of important people that work in different law lawyers judges you get wonderful speakers here wonderful people that lecture mentors students also we are very fortunate to have a gorgeous campus here in Bristol and if you haven't explored Bristol it's a fantastic place to live great friendly people very nice restaurants a lot of cultural events and culture to take full advantage of it but also have a glorious campus so you can have both ways beautiful summer learning environment and a sitting environment to get involved with a lot of interstitial opportunities and cleanings that we offer over there as the moment said we are in the middle of a strategic process of doing the disciplinary programs that were very impressive now but it will be here for three years I'm sure many of you will take advantage of some of the disciplinary programs we built in law and marine and food economy areas the school is distinctive in public interest law but in affairs and on the other hand we have excellent marine biology and apaculture programs we have business school combination two programs that would be unique in the country and in the world and law students have been great pride this is my first law school orientation I have been here for two years but I started on August 19th and the orientation in 2019 was August 16th so I missed that one there was another trend here and then last year was COVID so there was no personal orientation this is my first law orientation and the best one so far it's about COVID it's unfortunate that the Delta variant even though we weren't counting on having classes we will be back on classes now but we want to be positive at least for the beginning of the semester and then monitor how things go we did better than most universities we did very very well last year we stayed over well under 1% with the DVD rate and this was because of this was because of great responsibility that everybody to students like the staff and we did very well and unfortunately we are going to do very well now we are about 95% less vaccinated so we have reached her immunity but again because of the Delta variant we have to be cautious so please follow the rules and get tested people should be required to make sure we are going to do well and get rid of the masks as soon as we can so I wish you all good luck you are at a great place you are at a place that faculty and staff care a lot about about your beautiful place and I am looking forward to seeing you around campus and really chatting with you thank you here is our next speaker Mark Morse who is the Rhode Island Forest Auditions President the experience as a member of the Rhode Island and Massachusetts Bar is an occasion before the Rhode Island was important the Massachusetts Appeals Court this period of this fraud courts in both Rhode Island and Massachusetts and the federal districts back in the course of Rhode Island and Massachusetts and our use of appeals to the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals and to the United States Supreme Court you are in this undergraduate degree from the University of Rhode Island to the Dr.VIDU School of Law from when she graduated among other leadership and public service positions to the Morse Sarge of the Board of Governors former Bar Association of Justice On the Board of Governors and task President of the Rhode Island Association of Justice and as a member of the Executive Committee of the Rhode Island Public Health Association in short the life of service that we're in, by representing its clients with diligence and high effectiveness to improve legal progression through its non-profit service, including the service this year as President of the Rhode Island. Of course, thank you so much for being here and speaking with us and to our students that are with me today. President, this year is Linda Lang. She and I bring greetings of respect to our association to you. Roger Lee's University has best law school in the state. We have the law association in the state. It's mandatory in the state and we look forward to our association. So as a first step, we encourage you to apply for a law student associate membership. This year, I'm especially pleased to extend the opportunity to first deal with law students free of charge. As a student member of the law, you receive guest privileges to attend the bar's committee meetings. You will receive invitations to the law association programs. Specifically, law student associate membership benefits include free 24-hour, seven-day a week access to our online legal research library. Now, notice we're not a case maker. And it's soon to be transition to what they would call a fast case. And this will be available to the members only section of the bar association website. You'll also be entitled to an annual official subscription to the bar's informative and thoughtful magazine, now virtual. And I was former editor of this magazine of people that I'm a bar general. It was published four times a year and has great articles of interest to members of the bar. You'll receive discounts for bar association continuing legal education programs. You'll be able to attend on a guest basis at bar's meetings. You'll be able to focus on a large range of matters at these meetings. In particular, you should look into the bar association's new lawyer's committee. It's a great place to get acquainted with the recent bar members. Now, due to the pandemic, the last couple of years have been by Zoom only. Hopefully we're changing that. We have a hybrid Zoom like these without committees and our CLAs. So as President-elect of the bar association, I look forward to welcoming you into our association. I encourage you to take a look at our website at www.ribhar.com. Take a look at our great programs, get a sense for what the bar association can do for you. Help, assistance, any navigation, you'll find that the members of the bar association, the lawyers who practice in the state of Rhode Island, are accessible. We'd love for you to get involved. We look forward to seeing you join us among the ranks of bar members. Thank you very much. It's about the opportunities we need for our bar to engage, or a great example of why it's such an advantage. We have close partnerships with our association, this area, nonprofits with employers. It's a collaborative. It's a collaborative that works for your great advantage. So speaking of collaboration, our next speaker I want to introduce is Greg Hopper. He is the president of the law school's law alumni association. He's also a partner in the law firm of Martin Gilman, where he specializes in all aspects of family, early public, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, including conflicts towards the streets, criminal defense cases, personal activity cases, and contracts. He received his bachelor's degree from junior college and is a jurist and doctorate from our very own rightfully into persons. While we graduated that year in July and September, we agreed to go for a past year of great people's work with our law alumni association. We're working diligently, dedicated, helping others employ along the supporter of this law school interview as our next students. So here's an example. Here's an example of what and who. The president of the Broadway Law Alumni Association, welcome you to our family. You know, you've heard the word family and community tossed around a number of times by all of these speakers, and that's certainly what you guys are joining today. There are obviously a plethora of alums not only in New England area but around the country. We consider you guys part of that group with us now. Looking around this room, your fellow classmates, they're going to be colleagues, they're going to be adversaries, but most importantly they're going to be people that you can rely upon and be upon for help on cases, for job opportunities, client referrals, and the like. So I would encourage you to develop those relationships with your classmates. You know, this is probably my third or fourth time coming to this event. One sitting in the chairs that you guys are now on the other side of the microphone. My favorite part of it is listening to Dean Donnelly Boyling's description of your class and you guys are rock stars. You all belong here, as he said, and are going to find tons of success, not only in school but in your careers afterwards. For any advice if you guys are interested, I'd say enjoy your time here. It's meaningful, you're going to be starting on new paths and find, you know, personal and professional opportunities. So really dynamic. Similar to what Mark had to say, the Alumni Association extends the offer for you guys to attend any of our events. We generally have networking events in Bristol and Providence and in the surrounding regions, Boston, Washington, D.C. California, Miami, et cetera. We, you know, as a matter of course, you'll be getting a bombarded event from me. I encourage you guys to attend those events. We would really love to see those all students come, interact with some of the other alumni, hear about what it is that we do, and you know, figure out what it is that you guys want to do and how we might be able to help you guys out. You know, anecdotally for myself, I, you know, was able to meet a great group of alumni when I was a student. That led me to having a partnership with Justice Flaherty who is, I'm going to speak to you in a moment, much more exciting than I am. So, again, I would say welcome. You guys are awesome. You're going to succeed and do great. Please come to our alumni event. We want to have you for the very least to tell you all more stories and buy and drink. So, that's something that if you're a student, please comment. If not, there are other people that have one toward all other than that. You know, get involved, meet your classmates, have fun, and welcome guys. You got a question? Take a moment to reflect on what he just said and take a look at what he graduated with. He's a leader in the department of the ground. So then to you and to the future here, wherever you may be, the ground. So, the next speaker is a wonderful student. How many of you are there? She is someone, most of you are starting at her from yesterday, and we were hanging on slack at the front door. She is the president, and she's our associate. And in that role, I get to work closely with her. And the other administrative faculty at the school get to work closely as we work to assure that we, as a law school, meet our needs. Law school, as I call it, may of you, is not the same as an underburden. It is more work. We work with our students, and our school is as good as it possibly is. You can't be aware that we're training our future colleagues for law, as I told you this morning. Diane is an excellent colleague. Excellent student and an excellent colleague. I'm proud to work with her. I'm proud to work for her. I'm very grateful for her leadership. Last year, in her role as vice president of the business community, she was instrumental. I made sure that we successfully got through the year and all the challenges we're going through. So she's deeply involved in the student life of our school. In addition to serving as the president this year, the vice president of last year is a member of the law school's family law society. She's a new law student association, a multicultural law student association. Witness law society, health law society, and she also participates in our first generation in state school. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology from the Justice Department of the University, which makes her a teacher at the University of Iowa. Dan, I'm proud to thank you. Welcome to the student bar association. Welcome to law school. It is absolutely an honor to represent a possible teacher in our state school of law, as the president. Before I begin giving you guys any advice, let me tell you a little bit more about me. So my name is Diana Perez. I'm from Warcraft, Rhode Island. That is the total town. We're not the only part of the province. Our own mayor, police department, school system, crazy, I know. But now you know a little bit more about me. After graduating from Warcraft High School, I went to Rogerville University. I graduated in 2018 with a bachelor's degree in criminal justice and psychology. Another contact about Rogerville University. When you're at undergrad, you actually call the school Roger. We don't call it our move. We're obviously don't do that. We'll make a face and correct you. Yes, we do understand that Johnson and Wiles University calls themselves J-Woo. We don't care, we stood up like our move. After undergrad, I did between the airport program called City Grade Competence. There I was a student success coach and I had to deal with fourth grade in the classroom. And then I had to call in the faculty of Roger from Wiles University. Roger Williams Law is a dynamic law school full of well-respected faculty and staff members. And an administration who truly cares. While many of them may seem to intimidate and enjoy the first few weeks of classes and they will be intimidating, do not be discouraged. Even if you mess up on a cold call or get back to the case wrong, it will be okay. The staff and professors will still be there for you to talk about it in any way that they can. Honestly, everyone in law school is so worried about themselves, like if they're messing up or anything that. They're not really paying attention to you. And if you don't believe and think about when you got pregnant today for orientation, I'm sure some of you guys were like, am I even wearing the right outfit? Do I bring a pen? Do I need my backpack? What about the laptop? And what if I say something dumb? But honestly, it's like the gym. You go to the gym and you're so worried that people are incorrect in your camera or looking at you at the gym, but everyone's too busy thinking about themselves. They're really not looking at you. So, it does feel kind of strange to be standing in front of a little guy because I do remember just two years ago feeding with various teeth, listening to all the speakers and listening to the SBB president of that year. And there was one thing that he had said that really something. And that was, you know, in law school, they say that there's little light at the end of the tunnel. And in law school, you realize that really is true. But then you realize, it's just a dream and it's coming right at you. And I have to say, I've never really said anything more about it. Remember that you are all intelligent and accomplished people. You would not be here if this wasn't true. So, take a breath and just trust in yourself. You worked hard to get to this point. You will all be okay, but I also won't lie. It's not going to be a walk in the park. And you're going to work like never birds in your life no matter what your background is. Law school is not just lectures, outlines, cold calling, and reading. It's a messaging. So, if I pull up and get ready for the round of roller coaster, because the impact will hit you, and some days will be long, but the weeks will fly by. So, now for some advice I'd slash word to put something in. One thing that I think helps me the most, why I went all year, and something I hope stays with you guys the most if you listen to anything that I say, no one knows you better than yourself. In fact, you're the only person who will always be on your team. In law school, especially, you're going to get a lot of advice, but take it all with a grain of salt. Do not drop everything to try to become the perfect law student. If you're a hand writer with your notes, do that. If you like to take notes with your laptop, do that. If you're a morning person and work about it early morning, do that. If you're a late evening, do that. What works for one person or even a professor may not work for you, and that's okay, and you can still succeed.  Remember, you're all smart and hardworking people, and that's why you're here. On the flip side, because you're all been successful in life, that's another element about law school that makes it hard. Everyone in this room has been successful at one point in their life, and have been at the top. Now you're amongst a group of people who have all been at the top, and you're about to embark in a subject that is difficult and not always easy to understand. And it's basically like learning a new language. So the idea of feeling unintelligent is new territory for many of you. But once you become okay with the idea that it's okay that you might walk into class without understanding material, and that will happen, just know it will be clear about what's here in the class, and if you still understand the subject, either ask the question in class or go to office hours. I know many of you are going to still be nervous, but none of the staff, professors, and administration at this law school is all going to help you. They really do care about their students. And we're all rooting for you, and we're here to help in any way we can. So good luck, and welcome to law school. Law school in Providence College, Korean College of Law School, we serve the United States Army to make this escape to the 1970s. The service includes the Plexus of Vietnam, and the Army of London, and so on and so forth. Justice Flarrant, thank you. Justice Flarrant retired from the Rhode Island Supreme Court in December of 2020, assuming that has nothing to do with the fact that I've just gotten to the States, and I've had it. I can't prove that. We're very proud to have you serving as a distinguished jurist and residence at our law school, at an early age. I have been a lawyer in my 18th year as a law professor, and in my 18th year as... I'm honestly saying that I have rarely met someone in my professional career who is welcome. It's Justice Flarrant who is proud of our law school. It's Justice Flarrant. Justice Flarrant. Thank you very much. So it is a kind of thing that he has joined us today to say a few words to you as you begin your law school careers and to administer to you your law schools of professionalism. Justice, thank you so much for being here today. To get teaching it, to draw it to your litigator or whatever you might be doing, it's challenging. I went to law school. Again, I've been in competition with various law schools and visiting various law schools in different one role or another, one reason or another. Law schools can be pretty cut-throat places. It's every man and every woman from self or herself in a lot of law schools. I haven't seen this here. This is a law school where the students care about each other, they help each other. There's a lot of collaboration. It's a wonderful aspect of this law school and I think you've chosen well in coming here. No matter where you came from. I've discussed with the dean that, not in the courtroom, that sometimes I get it back. It's one of the great things about being on the Supreme Court is even when you're wrong, you're right. So I told him when I was referred to this school that Rhode Island is only law school or the only law school in the state. I think it's a value to this school because the school hasn't reached that goes now way beyond way beyond the borders of this state. As you can tell by the recitation of where you came from and what you've done, this is not a local law school anymore. In its fourth century of existence it has been a leader in the cutting edge of experiential law school clinics. This law school is out front and it is truly a very, very good place. I served as an active member on the Rhode Island Supreme Court. I almost said the United States Supreme Court. I'm one of them. Rhode Island Supreme Court owes 18 years and 39 law courts. I counted them up the other day. That this law school has almost a relationship with our bar and with our judiciary. But I can tell you, I can look you in the eye and tell you that's not the reason the graduates of this law school could be blocked. I can't afford in a job I do, I cannot afford that. I just couldn't afford that kind of camaraderie to work. I needed law clerks that were smarter than me during the bang. Thank God they were all going because all the judges realized that the clerks are leaders. They started to realize that all them are smarter than all of us. So thank God they can go. Newbies coming in just like you are today. But this law school produces quality lawyers. And as you mentioned, one of my clerks sitting on the Indian Greyhawk Court for me in 2013, he was terrific. Every single one of the law that I had from Roger Williams has been terrific. Other judges would tell you that as well as the judges who had clerks in the superior court and the attorney general's office set special assistant attorney generals. I congratulate you. It is now my honor to square you in. The opportunity to square many of you in for the second time after you've taken the bar exam and have become members of our law or some other law. And so with that ladies and gentlemen as you embark on your law school career today, I ask you to stand and raise your right hand. It's the study of law. Do not only square. To display integrity and civility. To come into contact. To respect the law and the legal system. To seek justice. To seek justice. Observe to the Roger Williams who will honor and promote. This, do our square. This, do our square. Congratulations you propose an honorable professional teacher every one of you. I look forward to having you in class. I look forward to seeing you all here in three years, four years from now. I look forward to seeing you all in court. Congratulations.


A detail drawing is a drawing that contains all the information required for a specific part. There are many different ways a part can come into existence, including casting, machining, welding, purchasing a part, or even modifying an existing part. As such, there are also a variety of detail drawings depending on the way in which a part is generated. A casting drawing is a type of detail drawing for parts made by casting or molding. The material for the part is typically called out in the material block, although it can sometimes be found in the notes section. A critical part of any configuration control process is adequate identification of manufactured parts. Most casting have their part numbers permanently cast into the part. The dimensions on a casting drawing are what the foundry or manufacturer uses to make a pattern or mold and are the final cast dimensions of the part. Other information that may be included on a casting drawing are mold lines, datum plane references, and even information on how to best remove the part from the mold. A machine drawing details all the information required to take raw material and turn it into a finished part. The machining tolerances, material, finishes, etc. are all shown on the detailed drawing. Machine drawings are detailed drawings that require machining to create the end product. They can be developed using a cast part as the original material. In this drawing, the casting from the last example was used as the starting material. This machining drawing will remove material from the original casting and add the finishes required to produce a final product with its own unique part number. Only the dimensions necessary to convert the original cast part into the new part are required. The casting dimensions are not shown. Detailed drawings can build on one another. For instance, a machinist could take an existing part and add or remove material to change its configuration. This type of drawing is called a modification drawing. Modification drawings delineate changes to existing items. As with a machine drawing made from a cast, modification drawings are created to add, remove, or rework details that result in a new part. Only the dimensions or other information required to alter the part into its new configuration are documented. Modification drawings also incorporate mandatory changes. For example, safety, reliability, or application extension into existing delivered equipment. This type of drawing can also be referred to as a make from drawing. Another type of detailed drawing is the purchase part or procurement drawing. This type of drawing details all the information required to buy a stock part off the shelf. This type of detailed drawing typically only shows information useful to the purchaser to detail the performance or configuration of the item required. These characteristics are typically called the form, fit, and function of the part. It's up to the manufacturer to develop detailed machine or casting drawings that conform to the purchase part drawing requirements. Pattern development drawings detail the dimensions of a part when it is flat as well as the final shape it takes, typically by bending or folding. Pattern development drawings are frequently used where sheet metal, fabric and leather, tubing, plastic, or cardboard is the raw material. Pattern drawings show not only the dimensions of the unfolded item, but also detail where the fold lines are. Weldment drawings are a unique form of detailed drawings. Weldments occur when multiple pieces are welded together to form a final item. Weldments are not assemblies due to the fact that their component parts are not stocked or sold separately have no use as standalone items and are not detailed on separate drawings. Weldment drawings can also be called inseparable assembly drawings. Welding symbols that indicate the length, type, and other information about the weld are shown in the field of the drawing to indicate the location of the welds. An assembly drawing shows two or more separable parts joined to form a final product. The bill of material for an assembly drawing lists all the parts required to make up the assembly. Each part is given an item number, which is then referenced in the field of the drawing with a balloon for ease of location. Older drawings sometimes list the zone location in lieu of a balloon. Assembly drawings can show exploded views or section views. This drawing utilizes a section view to better identify each item in the assembly and to give an interior view of the part. Section lines are used to indicate the portions of the assembly that have been cut away. There are few, if any, hidden lines in an assembly drawing. Only the dimensions required to fully assemble the part or to be used as references are shown. In many cases, the order of assembly may be given in the notes. Sub-assembly drawings are made of two or more separable items that join to form a sub-assembly that is then used on a higher level assembly. Sub-assembly drawings are useful for smaller assemblies that may go on multiple in products, such as a hydraulic valve that goes on many different tractors. One of the differences between an assembly and sub-assembly is that a sub-assembly typically has the use on or next higher assembly called out, either in the title block or in the notes section. Working assembly drawings combine detail drawings and assembly drawings. These drawings contain enough information to both create the sub-components and assemble the finished product. Working assembly drawings show dimensions where required, as well as balloon identifiers, to indicate each separate component part of the assembly. Working assembly drawings are ideal for smaller, simpler assemblies. Since they combine both detail and assembly characteristics, they can become complex very quickly. A diagram assembly drawing shows installation of equipment using symbols and is often made in pictorial form. Diagram assembly drawings are typically used to depict wiring, piping and other systems where scale models and dimensions are not required. Each part on a diagram assembly is indicated by a picture. Exploded assembly drawings are not very common in a set of production drawings. They are best utilized to show both the individual pieces of the assembly, as well as the order in which they are assembled. Exploded assembly drawings are typically used in maintenance manuals, parts catalogs, or other information given to the general public. With the advent of computer aided design or CAD, it has become easier than ever to generate exploded view drawings. A full set of production drawings may contain detail, assembly, sub-assembly, working assembly, and diagram drawings that are all used to depict the final product.


Nobody and I mean nobody told me to react to this and that's why I'm reacting to it I did my prayers. I even prayed to religions I don't even believe in one of my most beloved things in life is Avatar the last airbender after seeing what they did to it with that live action I can only imagine what they did to attack on Titan. This could be good. It could be good I might love it. I will go into this not hate watching it actually giving it a chance Okay, I promise you that all I know is I might die laughing or die One of the two or maybe both at the same time if the word tatakai isn't used once It's losing nine points automatically Let's begin What did they show in the anime All right, they got that right We're already ahead of the last airbender all they got to do is pronounce Aaron Ewin And they were on the same page as the airbender Is he even called Aaron Yeager in this?  Why is Grisha have a cigarette? Where are the horses? There's Aaron. I hope where's Mikasa? We got to see that scarf Armin where Oh, they airbendered it. I can't believe it Where's his blonde hair? I thought that was Aaron I'm not saying that as a racist thing, but I'm saying like Armin is known for his blonde hair Who's that? Is that Reiner? Why should it actually be Reiner?  The horses are crucial to attack on Titan The god horses please tell me she's a girl Mikasa Okay, she's pretty We're seeing goats before the horses. This is nice.  I'm not hate watching it guys. I promise That's Aaron. That's Aaron. There we go. He has the scarf. I knew it was Aaron At least they kept that and his name is Aaron. Thank god. It's not Ewin Or Elon.  But it is a bomb Is this Russia?   It's the hair and the outfits The only way I can tell them apart right now is because of that damn red scarf Okay, other than that, it's the same character You need blonde hair on armin. Okay. I'm no anime expertee Expert why did I add the tea? I don't know why But you need the yellow hair yellow blonde and for fuck's sake make it red if you had to am I gonna get mass dislikes for not likeness It looks we have good at least we had the anime piano in live action now. I don't even know Aaron had a job He's a security guard. What is he a bouncer at a club? All right, this is not based on attack on Titan. This is defense on the Titan Man the music's good. Thank god I So far we're not that bad Should I even think about the anime at this point like Or should I watch this as his own thing? I'm asking you guys as if I'm doing this live At least I got the wall. Okay. Looks like the maze runner wall I feel like it's about to open up. Aaron has a look that bad. I just have a problem with armin And me cost looks I don't know how old she is. I'm not saying anything but she's pretty Was he at the the Titan in him already? Oh wait, he does. I don't know. I don't know with this. I don't know It's whiner inside the bullet.  I would have remembered that Damn because it's dramatic. Why is she all over Aaron's dick? I feel like she's about to spit some poetry This is nice. This is calm If I don't think about tag on titan the anime I might actually enjoy this All right That's a nice set design Yes, okay Y'all gotta give it to them. All right, where's Levi? Sasha Sasha hanji All right, we have the rebellious kids I feel like I'm on an alternate universe with this is attack on titan like the anime doesn't exist But this is what somebody got. This is what one universe got I feel like I'm on that universe right now Yeah, she's dressed so nice Like they're going to a ball that shirt looks like it came out of h&m.  This is definitely Aaron. You know How important that scarf scene is in the anime? Do you know how important that is? The flashback With Aaron coming to mikasa's rescue awakening her To fight those those creeps Do you know how important that scene was and how much it set up?  Here's a scarf. I feel like a part of me just died.  So he gives her a scarf She did not smile when he put it on her on the anime. I can't believe what they just do There's a bomb the scarf armin is black hair No horses. There's 89 more minutes to this Paradise he just said it paradise island. He just did it. You get it Is that I don't know if that's armin or erin I don't I can't even Different the characters I'm not racist. They're wearing like the same outfit.  Where's the odm here?  If you get a summon the rubbling now are we skipping four seasons? Is that erin or armin?  I just can't get over the scarf that that was something else and then the guns I'm worried bro. That's not the bang.  That's my heart right now The rumbling could be happening right now. Who knows?  Oh my god. All you got to do Is enlarge humans and make them ugly. That's all you got to do. That's all you got to do I've seen it happen with Godzilla. I love the Godzilla movies. Please and this is japan. You got this You got japan. You got this That's scary Okay, that's pretty good. It's reiner That his name could be willy in this. All right No complaints from me about the design japan. They know what they're doing when it comes to monster designs All right, the music are ever getting somewhere now.  That's pretty good At the music. That's probably not even the colossal type Oh wait, wait. No, no, no. That's bruh, bruh, bruh, bruh, bruh, bruh, bruh, bangladesh Well, what's his day blowjob? That's him. Well, why was I saying reiner? Did I write this movie? I feel like I don't even know what I'm talking about. I got confused for a second. My bad. My bad. This is intense Okay I feel like that was the same shot as Was was that a helicopter? No No, it wasn't That wasn't the hell Do y'all have cell phones too? Are you gonna call marley on the phone now? Oh This my is this a comedy I think this is the parody this has to be parody man that killed me All right. All right roar get over the wall now. Come on. All right now Just just turn to the human form Good. That was good. That was the best part of this movie so far He just opened the walls now all the titans are gonna come through If I know my attack on titan history, right? I'm gonna throw up They they brought the guy back. Oh my god.  I've seen they brought him back I need a close-up. I need a close-up.  I heard so that's pretty good That's accurate. All right. Well at least we got the titan right and the attack part and attack on titan I think they forgot they on but they got an attack the attack's happening and the titan part, right? I think they brought him they brought him back out of everybody This is scary Okay, this ain't bad Oh my god. Good god in heaven. I like that I like that. It's scary. This guy's just like Damn, yo, I have to like you saw them before Yeah, this is the attack on titan.  I might be able to put the scarf aside the helicopter No, actually the helicopter than the scarf. I don't know. I don't know yet Yeah, let's just never look at them. This is definitely anime. All right. The actors are pretty good, too This is scary. Come on soda All right, that's a flare I thought he's loading up his his cell phone for a second.    I don't remember that happening.  I said stop with the story bro. That literally looks like my ex I don't think I'm gonna be able to post this Was that a horn on a car? Y'all know how much I love destruction. No, not the bear Aaron going to save the child or armin. I don't I don't even know.  Wait Mikasa and still out there. I don't even know if that's armin or ever I don't remember this happening.   I swear dude, they're gonna They flipped it. They flipped it. I wish I had a gun The music is good.  You have me get almost on a verge of a heart attack Damn, come on. What happened?  Where's Mikasa? I don't care about the children and the women in that house. Where's Mikasa? I don't care I'll give it that I'll give it that the brutality is peak.  I swear on king Viserys on pochita. I swear on pochita.  We didn't see her die Unless she did So harness didn't save him or my bad soda soda didn't save him. Mikasa died.  All right. I mean sasha's here, bro. Where's where's riner and the and the armor titan and I'm sorry, man.  Is it hanji in japan hanji? Why you change your name?  Bro, we really just did a two-year tandem and we called hanji hands Are they supposed to be the soldier's parents? Man, I I don't is that erin or armin? You were always a glutton wait. Is that sasha? It's sasha. Oh now i'm gonna cry man. Sasha's back. This is the way I wanted her to come back though That ain't john That's gene Who's that?  Please y'all already have guns and I have to give it to erin's actor erin's act is pretty good, bro. We better see those damn potatoes This is when they're all in the corridors and they're gonna fight erin. Oh, no, they're not. This is something else now Is that honest soda? It's it's soda. It's bro.  They said forget about hones. Let's just get Sprite We literally got the the off-brand like instead of coca-cola. We got doctor thunder. I thought that I thought that was that was erin You see what I mean?  I'll give it a mr soda I'm nervous to see Levi I mean if there's another movie she could come back as a titan they could reverse shit, man This isn't like I said, this isn't a second time This is good. This is emotional Put the anime aside take it for what it is This is all right. All right soda I I admire that acting Oh Dan this guy's better. Is that john or jean? He's about a ponder of haze Okay, they brought that bag at least oh, thank god You almost kill me there.  All right, erin And john or jean jean jean jean are about to fight Ah Oh god, you're gonna be crying out.    They better be fighting now They got his personality, right? They got this scene, right? A potato girl.    This is so grim I mean the anime is grim, but damn Lil Lil Was there a lil is that filling lil from rugrats? Where's reiner and ba ba ba boop? There we go. I want to see this fight.  Nice sbachi no botchan.  Is that erin? We need name tags All right, we need name tags with erin and armin Seriously, we really do with their hairstyles and their outfits I don't know who's who or at least show their face more But their hair's covering their eyes and everything. I can't see who's who I don't remember hanji being this dumb.    Where are the horses the horses are so crucial Damn make the ost louder man. It could make it it could give this thing justice Shit, man.    You don't say that Oh, it's the movie. Hey, he ain't ain't any more. He's uh, oppa oppa soka. It's not soca the ovata Iroh, are you serious? No, just call it different characters. Call it a different movie at this point I don't care what anybody says bro. I'm not even hate watching this. I'm giving it a chance I applaud the titans and the music and the drama and the actors. I don't know what omo load my machi is I can't believe I'm hard as I'm looking at cars with headlights It's like they didn't have the budget for horses. So they brought in the cars. How does that even make sense?   It's pretty good. Give it up for erin the actor They haven't even said his last name yet, which worries me because of how crucial that is how important and prominent Yeah is like How are they riding? They're in a jeep what is Honda on the back Is what was that do they have electric too?  I think that's my main complaint I think I thought the scarf would take the cake, but it's the horses I'm so waiting to leave. I erwin Rhino Barba da baboop Annie Mikasa is dead. Honest is soda. The movie's not bad though. Like I'm enjoying it Maybe because it's funny and scary at the same time Scary in two different ways But I'm I'm I'm enjoying it. I'm not complaining.   Now that is scary. Okay. They got the Titan part right in this Does that even make sense? I'm not even overreacting.  Did he just throw that like he was Eren the co-ordinent? Or did I look at that the wrong way?  You know how important that was. What are you doing? What are you posing?


Five tips to explode your sales with Labor Day sales. Hey, did Labor Day sneak up on you? You think it's too late, right? You think there's no way I'm gonna be able to make any money off Labor Day because it's too late. Well, in this video, I'm gonna give you five tips that if you go ahead and do them right now, you'll be prepared for Labor Day and you're gonna make some money. Hey, if you're new to this channel, stay true to this channel. Don't forget to subscribe. Hit that subscribe button down there. Turn it from red to gray and don't forget to ring the bell. Turn on all bell notifications so you're notified each and every time I go live. That way you don't miss anything, okay? That's pretty important. So Labor Day sales, they're pretty cool and I think everybody forgets about them but it's the first Monday in September in the United States and it's an opportunity to make a lot of money and you're gonna have to rush because we're almost on top of Labor Day but do what I'm telling you to do with this video and you can make some money. Number one, highlight the right products. The right products is important, right? It's always important to highlight the right products but Labor Day's a little bit different, okay? You need to take your marketing to a different level. It needs to be the level where whatever that product is, it's related to going back to school. It's related to getting back into work. It's related to starting the year, school year over again. It's related to you wanna get all these things done before the holidays.  So it's really important when you're running a Labor Day sale that you select the right products but more importantly that you market the products so that it shows it benefits them. I love the back to school thing. I love that a lot. If you've got kids, you can relate to that. Even if you're going back to work because summer vacations are over and all that and you gotta get back into the gear of things. And I know our products, we sell survival food, a survival cave food, check that out. I'll put a link below. But those products sell a whole lot better in the fall and winter than they do the spring and summer. Now the past year because of the illness, we did very, very well year round. However, this is really our season. We're coming into our season now. So back to school, get prepared for school, prepare your family too. Bad weather is coming. There's all kinds of civil unrest in the world. You wanna go ahead and be prepared so you can make sure that's taken care of and you don't have to worry about it. Number two, count on email. Now there's all kinds of ways of marketing. There's pay per click, there's video ads out there. There's banner ads, there's pop-ups and all that. But they say for Labor Day, the number one selling tool is email. Now if you don't have a good email provider, which you should, you need to get Cartra. That's what we use in all of our different properties. And we're involved in survival food. I have courses on Facebook. I have courses on YouTube. I have courses on how to make money online. My wife has courses on dog training. And all those things are run through one software called Cartra. It is ultimately the best email marketing software there is. And it's the only one I know of that they don't charge you based on how many emails you send out. So you can have a list of a million people and be sending them 10 emails a day and they don't charge you more. That's what you want. I'm telling you that's what you want because the other ones will eat you up in fees. But email is the way to do it. I have several videos on this channel about how to write good emails. I would suggest you go and check in those out. Email marketing is it. I mean, email marketing is the best thing for Labor Day. So you've gotta be set up there. You've gotta send out emails. Number three, prepare your on-site marketing. Now it may seem like a pain to you to change out banners and wording and all this on your website for one single little holiday.  I know a lot of companies, they'll change out their banners and then forget to change them. And their Labor Day sale is running in the middle of September into September. But it is really important if you can do that, get your webmaster, get whoever you need to put some Labor Day sale things on your website. That's super important to do that. So I want you to think about that. I want you to think about what does your website look like now?  If not, make those changes, spend a little bit of effort in that. I mean, it's pretty easy nowadays. You can go to something like Canva. You can design some banners, some pop-ups, whatever you wanna do. But it's really important to do that to your site so that you make more money. Number four, get more social. Get more social.    But are you using it to your advantage? That's the thing. Knowing and not doing is just as bad as not knowing, okay? But if you know about social media and you use social media, you can really increase your sales. So I want you to think about what you're putting out there in social media. Are you talking about Labor Day? Are you letting people know? People expect good deals. And I will say this about Labor Day.  You're gonna have to make them seem more inviting. Now, sometimes you say, well, I can't lower my prices anymore. Well, the thing to do then is give more value. So an example is, you know, we sell canned meats and canned foods and we do it for survival, survival food. But one thing we could do is we could say, hey, you know, this case of meat is $100 off, but we're also gonna give you this $99 course if you buy today. So we give so much value. A $99 course, once we've made the course, it really doesn't cost us any more to give anybody that course. Or it could be a PDF download. It could be an e-book, something like that that goes along with your product. So once you think along those lines, what is it that you could give people? Maybe it's a back to school guide to preparing your kids and family for going back to school. Maybe it's something like that. It's a $99 value.  What could you do to make your product more valuable? That's another important factor. Number five, I want you to think forward. Now, what happens generally? At the end of summer, we get slapped with Labor Day. We're like, oh man, I didn't even think about that coming up and I really haven't prepared anything. With what I've given you in this video, all these things you can do within a day. You know, you could probably do it in a couple of hours. Get all these things switched out and do all these things. But it should also wake you up a little bit. It should wake you up and say, hey, JR, Labor Day's here. Guess what's coming next? It's Halloween. Guess what comes after that, JR? It's Thanksgiving. Guess what comes after that, JR? It's the Christmas holidays, Hanukkah holidays, all those things. So when you are preparing for your Labor Day sale, I want you to start thinking forward. Start getting this stuff ready because it sneaks up on you. Labor Day snuck up on you, didn't it? Right? It snuck up on you. It was here before you knew it and you weren't prepared. That's why you're watching this video right now so you can be prepared.  And if you're not prepared for those holidays, you're gonna miss out. This is the time we wanna make our money, guys. This is the time we need to do something special. What are you planning? Have you set anything up? And if not, now's the time to do it. I know it's extra effort. Hey, it's a pain for me to do this stuff too. It's a real pain because I got so many other things going on. I got to come up with a sale.  Anybody who's been selling online any length of time and has made any money, the biggest problem they have with preparing for new things or setting up sales is that they've already made money. That's right, they've already made money.  You've got enough money for your home and you probably got some extra money in the bank and you're eating well and you're living pretty good. So it's really hard to take extra time to do these extra things. But remember, that's how you got here. That's how you got to the point where you're making money online is by doing the really hard and difficult things. I like to listen to a guy named David Goggins. And David's great, check him out on YouTube. He's a great motivator. But he tries to make things difficult for himself every single day because he says out of difficult things comes growth, comes success. It's the easy things that really don't do you any good.  If you go to the gym and you lift a two pound weight every day and you can lift 20, well, probably you're gonna get nothing out of that. Nothing's gonna happen because it's not hard for you.   So remember, you wanna do these difficult things, okay? You wanna do this extra stuff. Check out David Goggins, he'll tell you about it.  All these holidays coming up guys, if you're not capitalizing on these, you're really missing out.  Don't skip these other things. Make more money. I believe that if you have a product that is helping people out there, like we have survival food. That's a very helpful product. If somebody, it gets caught in a storm or the power goes out or whatever and they have our survival food, we're gonna keep them alive. That's a pretty important product. Another important product I have is products that I sell my courses. My courses teach you how to quit your job and start an online business. I think that's pretty important. So that somebody could have more time with their family so that somebody could vacation so that somebody could enjoy their life better, maybe getting better health because they have the time to do it. They're not rushing off to a job all the time. That's an important product to sell. So I really wanna market that product because I know I can help people with it. So whatever product you have, it's probably very beneficial to somebody. And if you're not marketing it, you're not pushing it, you're not getting it out there, you're doing them a disservice.  Now I had this impression like you may have that if you have an online business, you could work four or five hours a week and you'd make all this money and you'd get rich. That's not the case. You're gonna have to work extra. You're gonna have to turn off the TV at night. You're gonna have to skip some of the weekends. You're gonna have to skip going out to the movies. You're gonna have to skip hanging out with your friends. I'm very, very selective about who I hang out with.  I don't allocate a lot of spare time for just hanging out. Since I don't allocate a lot of time for that, who am I gonna spend my time with? And that's something I want you to think about at the end of this video here. Who do you spend your time with? Are they contributing to your life? Are they making you a better person? Are they making you a stronger person? Do they support your ideas? Are they encouraging to you? Or are they just the opposite? They complain about everything. They say, oh, woe is me and this happened to me and this is bad and they're full of drama. Is that what you're gonna do with your precious spare time? My precious spare time is only spent with very select people, people that I really wanna hang out with. I know I'm getting ready to go to a convention now and it's gonna be in Las Vegas. And it's affiliate West. And at affiliate West, I know certain people that are gonna be there. And I am going to selectively spend some time with some of those people. I don't want to make it a buddy type thing where I'm just hanging out with one or two people the whole time, because I need to open my horizons to other people. The people I know in the digital marketing sphere right now are people I met because I put myself out there and I met new people. All of them, I didn't know at one point. So when I go to this convention, I wanna spend some time with those people, but I also wanna find more people. How are you allocating your time? Think about this, guys. It's super, super important. That TV show, that podcast that you're listening to, that clubhouse room, oh my God, what a waste of time. Those things are just eating away at your time that you could be contributing to your life. Now, some people say, well, I have to have some enjoyment in life, JR, I gotta have a little bit. But the problem is people have way too much enjoyment. Way too much enjoyment. I mean, the deal was, I think when the earth started, according to a Bible, it said, you know, you work six and take one off. We've changed it to five and two. Maybe the guy that designed the world didn't think of five and two, but I think six and one is probably a better plan. I don't even do six and one. I generally will do, I work every day to some degree. I don't work 12 hours a day every day. No, I don't do that. But some days I do work 12 hours a day. Today's a 12 hour day. I've gotta shoot videos. It's a day where I have to do that. That's very, very important. Otherwise, this day would get dragged into tomorrow and the next day, and then I would take away from those days. You can never make up for something you don't do. You can never make up for it. What you're doing is you've lost that day and you're taking it away from another day.  If you do that, like this Labor Day sale thing, you're gonna make more money. I really appreciate you listening to this video. I really appreciate you being here. Really, it means so much to me that you've taken time. How do your day to listen to me? Do me a favor. If you would, if you like this information, please subscribe to the channel. There's a button down there. If it's red, click it, turn it gray. Once you do that, a bell's gonna pop up like this. You wanna ring that bell and turn on all notifications. It's really important that you do the dropdown, turn on all notifications. When you do that, you'll be notified every single time I go live, which I do very often, and you'll be notified every single time I upload a video. I really thank you for being here, guys. I really thank you for watching this video. I have a free course below. If you'd like to grab that, it's $97, but you can get it absolutely free for a limited time. Thanks so much for listening to this video and I'll see you in the next one. Subscribe to my channel and click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


Hi, my name is Gigi Sohn. Greetings my friends at Public Knowledge. I'm David Bollier. In 2001, I, along with my friends David Bollier and lawyer Racie, founded Public Knowledge. Twenty years ago, we thought we were on the vanguard of the future. The reason Public Knowledge was founded was because in the late 90s, a couple of laws were passed that gave public interest advocates, academics and philanthropies great concern that information was starting to be privatized. That it was no longer part of the commons but basically being put behind paywalls. And those two laws, two of the laws anyway that gave people concern were the Sunny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, which extended copyright terms by 20 years and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which among other things made illegal the breaking of digital locks or digital rights management for any particular reason. In addition, there was growing concern, and this from industry as well, that internet access providers were becoming gatekeepers to the internet and that they might favor certain content services. And at the time, that issue was called open access. It is now called net neutrality, which everybody is familiar with. But even in our state of digital primitivism, we saw how copyright law was out of control, curbing our political and cultural and civic freedoms. We saw how the DMCA and international treaties were trying to create a world of total control. We knew that there was no dedicated voice for digital users and the public in Washington, DC. We saw a Washington bubble dominated by big tech protectionists or locked in the time warp or both. And now, you know, public knowledge issues have broadened to include privacy, antitrust, other kinds of technology, policy section 230 and content moderation, but it still remains true to its core and that is access to information and making sure that consumer interests are supported and looked at by the government.


Professor Chukumar Soludo of the all-progressive grand alliance has been declared winner of the Anambra state governorship election. On Tuesday he added Ihala to the list of local governments where he defeated his rivals in the poll. He won in all but two local governments with more than 112,000 votes. The People's Democratic Party's Valentino Zibo was second with 53,000 votes and Senator Andy Uba of the All Progressive Congress got 43,000 votes. With the victory, Professor Soludo becomes Anambra's sixth governor since the return to democracy in 1999. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.